217:
1676:
1688:
1633:
1448:
828:
1325:
1391:
2010:
1998:
2022:
1848:(founded 1816), and other non-denominational publishers for enormously large inexpensive runs of texts led to numerous innovations. The introduction of steam printing presses a little before 1820, closely followed by new steam paper mills, constituted the two most major innovations. Together, they caused book prices to drop and the number of books to increase considerably. Numerous bibliographic features, like the positioning and formulation of titles and subtitles, were also affected by this new production method. New types of documents appeared later in the 19th century: photography,
429:
317:, where students were taught the art of writing. Developed in what is now Iraq, "cuneiform" script was later named after the Latin word cuneus, meaning wedge-shaped. Scribes often wrote cuneiform on clay, but sometimes they used precious materials such as gold. Cuneiform was written in different languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Greek, for more than three thousand years, ending only when the Sassanian Empire conquered Babylon and forced the scribes to stop writing. Some of the surviving cuneiform tablets were written by student scribes.
609:
history of the Aztec people. The manuscript is arranged in both
Nahuatl and in Spanish. The English translation of the complete Nahuatl text of all twelve volumes of the Florentine Codex took ten years. Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble had a decade of long work but made it an important contribution to Mesoamerican ethnohistory. Years later, in 1979, the Mexican government published a full-color volume of the Florentine Codex. Now, since 2012, it is available digitally and fully accessible to those interested in Mexican and Aztec History.
332:
1169:
529:
Detail-oriented writing still persisted as writing became understood as something that needed to show "quantitative evidence in order to measure continuity against change". The increasing literacy across Japan as well as the proliferation of authors made writing a semi-autonomous system. However, there were still instances of censorship in the late 17th century. Despite the vast depiction of landscape, governmental powers ensured areas that entailed sensitive subjects, such as military households, foreign affairs, Christianity, and other
521:(The Culinary Mirror of the Realm). This detailed style of writing was common in the early years when the majority of literate people were of higher classes. Soon afterwards, literacy increased, as hundreds (some say thousands) of schools taught children the vocabulary of geography, history, and individual crafts and callings. The highly detailed style still persisted as it was consistent in many gazetteers, emerging as a social lexicon. In some instances, family almanacs and encyclopedias were put together regionally.
19:
1978:
626:
421:
525:
common samurai as well as common townspeople. Works went beyond fiction and also depicted certain crafts and manuals specialized for that topic. These more popularized books were written in a newly emerging form of script. Authors had to deal with the idea of the "reading public" for the first time. These authors took into account the different social strata of their audience and had to learn "the common forms of reference that made the words and images of a text intelligible" to the layman.
92:, propelled by the popularity of ereaders and accessibility features. While discussions about the potential decline of physical books have surfaced, print media has proven remarkably resilient, continuing to thrive as a multi-billion dollar industry. Additionally, efforts to make literature more inclusive emerged, with the development of Braille for the visually impaired and the creation of spoken books, providing alternative ways for individuals to access and enjoy literature.
543:
1511:
1663:. Despite the use of movable typography diminishing between 1852 and 1872, the process of printing from stone lithography flourished in Islamic book production. The advantage of lithography included the medium being well suited to adapt the well established artistic traditions found in traditional Islamic manuscripts. In Persia in the mid-1800s, several "mixed-media" codices were created, employing a hybrid range of both handwritten scribed portions and printed matter.
1825:
London Times. Around the same time, a revolution was triggered in paper production by Henry
Fourdrinier and Thomas Gilpin, whose new paper-making machines output very wide continuous rolls of paper. The only bottleneck to book production was the time-consuming process of composition. This was eventually solved by Ottmar Mergenthaler and Tolbert Lanston who produced the Linotype and Monotype machines respectively. With these barriers removed book production exploded.
1239:
5719:
5729:
5709:
767:
1588:("book house") was a term serving three definitions – first, it was a public library for the storing and preservation of the books; secondly, it also referred to an individual's own private collection of books; and thirdly to a workshop where books were made with calligraphers, bookbinders and papermakers worked together. The Safavid style of manuscript illustrations evolved into its own style building from the arts of the
5070:
5037:
4850:
680:, from which comes the name "pergamineum," which became "parchment." Its production began around the 3rd century BCE. Made using the skins of animals (sheep, cattle, donkey, antelope, etc.), parchment proved to be easier to conserve over time; it was more solid and allowed one to erase text. It was a very expensive medium because of the rarity of the material and the time required to produce a document.
4230:
1150:, the first certain evidence of which dates to the 11th century in Córdoba, Spain, allowed for a massive expansion of production and replaced the laborious handcraft characteristic of both Chinese and Muslim papermaking. Papermaking centers began to multiply in the late 13th century in Italy, reducing the price of paper to one-sixth of parchment and then falling further.
490:, a strenuous method in which the text to be printed would be carved into a woodblock's surface, essentially to be used to stamp the words onto the writing surface medium. Woodblock printing was a common process for the reproduction of already handwritten texts during the earliest stages of book printing. This process was incredibly time-consuming.
1495:. Large scale operations of producing Qurans were made possible by the availability of Baghdadi paper. The increase in the volume of books produced was used as a tool to spread publicity about the workings of the papermaking mills established by the Ilkhans. Along with this, the other artisans working in conjunction with the book arts (
1507:, etc.) all benefited from the increased output. Images began to appear on illuminated manuscripts along with text with illustration becoming a focal point of the book, not just calligraphy. The role of the books produced by the Ilkhans were intended to promote either religion or heritage and ranged from holy books to historical ones.
1348:
the bourgeoisie brought with it a demand for specialized and general texts (law, history, novels, etc.). It is in this period that writing in the common vernacular developed (courtly poetry, novels, etc.). Commercial scriptoria became common, and the profession of bookseller came into being, sometimes dealing internationally.
77:
South Asia, diverse methods of book production evolved. The Middle Ages saw the rise of illuminated manuscripts, intricately blending text and imagery, particularly during the Mughal era in South Asia under the patronage of rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan. Prior to the invention of the printing press, made famous by the
1821:
contributed to a steady demand that helped spread literacy among the lower classes. Literacy was in general on the rise, with a near-universal literacy rate in
Western Europe, Australia, and the United States of America by 1890, with the inequality between men and women's literacy starting to equalize by 1900.
1966:. Spoken books changed mediums in the 1960s with the transition from vinyl records to cassette tapes. The next progression of spoken books came in the 1980s with the widespread use of compact discs. Compact discs reached more people and made it possible to listen to books in the car. In 1995 the term
695:
And took away my worldly strength, then wet me, dipped me in water, took me out again, set me in sunshine, where I quickly lost the hairs I had. Later the knife’s hard edge cut me with all impurities ground off. Then fingers folded me; the bird’s fine raiment traced often over me with useful drops
608:
There are more than 2,000 illustrations drawn by native artists that represent this era. Bernardino de
Sahagun tells the story of the Aztec people's lives and their natural history. The Florentine Codex speaks about the culture religious cosmology and ritual practices, society, economics, and natural
407:
Papyrus was a common substrate to be used as notarial documents, tax registries, and legal contracts. Scrolls were typically held vertically to be read and text was written in long columns. Literary texts, on the other hand, were traditionally transcribed into the codex form. After the latter half of
1900:
was released in 2007, the e-book has become a digital phenomenon and many theorize that it will take over hardback and paper books in the future. E-books are much more accessible and easier to buy and it is also cheaper to purchase an E-Book rather than its physical counterpart due to paper expenses
1790:
established a manuscript decoration tradition that included a strong emphasis on text than his predecessors, as well as margins filled with imagery of flowers and vegetation. Manuscript production had declined from its peak by the time of Shah Jahan's reign and book illustrators and artisans went on
1666:
By the late 1800s movable type increased in popularity again. In Egypt, the majority of the 10,205 books printed from 1822 to 1900 were through letterpress printing. As the arts pertaining to manuscript production such as miniature painting and bookbinding decreased in popularity in the 20th century
1529:
Manuscript production in the 16th and 17th centuries CE were directed towards royal workshops with the economic power to produce them. Book distribution tied to their use as status symbols in one's collection, or as economic investments and donations. The process of producing a manuscript began with
1479:
The art of the book as a discipline came to be established in the
Medieval Islamic period during the 11th-century CE. This is attributed to the rising availability of paper which replaced parchment and was easier to handle and distribute, and that rounded scripts took the place of previously angular
1425:
around 1440 marks the entry of the book into the industrial age. The
Western book was no longer a single object, written or reproduced by request. The publication of a book became an enterprise, requiring capital for its realization and a market for its distribution. The cost of each individual book
1347:
outside of the monastery developed in these university-cities in Europe at this time. It is around the first universities that new structures of production developed: reference manuscripts were used by students and professors for teaching theology and liberal arts. The development of commerce and of
1307:
The role of the copyist was multifaceted: for example, thanks to their work, texts circulated from one monastery to another. Copies also allowed monks to learn texts and to perfect their religious education. The relationship with the book thus defined itself according to an intellectual relationship
1217:
The purpose of book conservation was not exclusively to preserve ancient culture; it was especially relevant to understanding religious texts with the aid of ancient knowledge. Some works were never recopied, having been judged too dangerous for the monks. Moreover, in need of blank media, the monks
1182:
By the end of antiquity, between the 2nd and 4th centuries, the scroll was replaced by the codex. The book was no longer a continuous roll, but a collection of sheets attached at the back. It became possible to access a precise point in the text quickly. The codex is equally easy to rest on a table,
1945:
was the first person to put
Braille on paper in the form of a book. In 1932 Braille became accepted and used in English speaking countries. In 1965 the Nemeth Code of Braille Mathematics and Scientific Notation was created. The code was developed to assign symbols to advanced mathematical notations
1883:
It is difficult to predict the future of the book in an era of fast-paced technological change. Anxieties about the "death of books" have been expressed throughout the history of the medium, perceived as threatened by competing media such as radio, television, and the
Internet. However, these views
1713:
had been used for writing. The oldest surviving books come from the 10th century CE, the earliest belonging to the
Buddhist manuscript tradition. Prior to the adoption of paper, these were written on palm leaves, a naturally abundant resource in the southern part of the subcontinent. The pages were
553:
In
Mesoamerica, information was recorded on long strips of paper, agave fibers, or animal hides, which were then folded and protected by wooden covers. These were thought to have existed since the time of the Classical Period between the 3rd and 8th centuries, CE. Many of these codices were thought
528:
Authors had reached a new market with their more simplistic writing. After passing this hurdle, they began writing about more than specified crafts and social lexicons. For the first time, writers had the chance to make once private knowledge public, and moved into more regional information guides.
1824:
The printing press became increasingly mechanized. Early designs for metal and steam-powered printing presses were introduced in the early 19th century by inventors like Friederich Koenig and Charles Stanhope. However, they became widely adopted by the 1830s, particularly by newspapers such as the
524:
While the highly detailed writing form persisted, a simpler reading style also developed around the 1670s that was written for a popular readership. It used a simpler vernacular language, and was written almost directly for first-time book buyers. These original tales of fiction were popular among
1916:
is a system of reading and writing through the use of the finger tips. Braille was developed as a system of efficient communication for blind and partially blind alike. The system consists of sixty-three characters and is read left to right. These characters are made with small raised dots in two
1828:
Great strides began in the realm of publishing as authors began to enjoy early forms of Copyright protection. The Statute of Anne was passed in 1710, establishing basic rights for the author's intellectual property. This was superseded by the Copyright Act of 1814 which transferred sole rights to
714:
The scroll of papyrus is called "volumen" in Latin, a word which signifies "circular movement," "roll," "spiral," "whirlpool," "revolution" (similar, perhaps, to the modern English interpretation of "swirl") and finally "a roll of writing paper, a rolled manuscript, or a book." In the 7th century
76:
The earliest forms of writing were etched on stone slabs, transitioning to palm leaves and papyrus in ancient times. Parchment and paper later emerged as important substrates for bookmaking, introducing greater durability and accessibility. Across regions like China, the Middle East, Europe, and
839:
had no rights concerning their published works; there were neither authors' nor publishing rights. Anyone could have a text recopied, and even alter its contents. Scribes earned money and authors earned mostly glory unless a patron provided cash; a book made its author famous. This followed the
533:
beliefs, and disturbing current events were kept out of public works. This self-censorship did have drawbacks, as social commentary stayed in the higher social caste where this information was more readily available. Despite these censors, public readings increased across Japan and created new
84:
The invention of the printing press in the 15th century marked a pivotal moment, revolutionizing book production. Innovations like movable type and steam-powered presses accelerated manufacturing processes and contributed to increased literacy rates. Copyright protection also emerged, securing
1895:
Although electronic books, or e-books, had limited success in the early years, and readers were resistant at the outset, the demand for books in this format has grown dramatically, primarily because of the popularity of e-reader devices and as the number of available titles in this format has
1820:
The Late Modern Period saw a lot of development in the types of books being circulated. Chapbooks – short works on cheap paper – were targeted towards lower-class readers and featured a diverse range of subjects. Everything from myth and fairy tales to practical and medical advice and prayers
1064:
In the year 377, there were 28 libraries in Rome, and it is known that there were many smaller libraries in other cities. Despite the great distribution of books, scientists do not have a complete picture as to the literary scene in antiquity as thousands of books have been lost through time.
748:
The scroll is rolled around two vertical wooden axes. This design allows only sequential usage; one is obliged to read the text in the order in which it is written, and it is impossible to place a marker in order to directly access a precise point in the text. It is comparable to modern video
400:, were over 40 meters long. Books rolled out horizontally; the text occupied one side and was divided into columns. The title was indicated by a label attached to the cylinder containing the book. Many papyrus texts come from tombs, where prayers and sacred texts were deposited (such as the
852:
ordered the burning of Christian texts. Some Christians later burned libraries and especially heretical or non-canonical Christian texts. These practices are found throughout human history but have ended in many nations today. A few nations today still greatly censor and even burn books.
616:
Bernardino de Sahagun worked on this project from 1545 up until his death in 1590. The Florentine Codex consists of twelve books. It is 2500 pages long but divided into twelve books by categories such as; The Gods, Ceremonies, Omens, and other cultural aspects of Aztec people.
1648:
to learn the principles of printing in order to set up a press in Egypt. The Bulaq Press was established in 1822 and was headed by Nikula al-Masabiki from Syria, who designed the Arabic typesets. The first published book by the printing press was an Italian–Arabic dictionary.
69:. It aims to demonstrate that the book as an object, not just the text contained within it, is a conduit of interaction between readers and words. Analysis of each component part of the book can reveal its purpose, where and how it was kept, who read it, ideological and
1891:
A good deal of reference material, designed for direct access instead of sequential reading, as for example encyclopedias, exists less and less in the form of books and increasingly on the web. Leisure reading materials are increasingly published in e-reader formats.
554:
to contain astrological information, religious calendars, knowledge about the gods, genealogies of the rulers, cartographic information, and tribute collection. Many of these codices were stored in temples but were ultimately destroyed by the Spanish explorers.
1187:. Tables of contents and indices facilitated direct access to information. This is still the standard book form, over 1500 years after its appearance. However, it is more likely that its development is attributable to the early Christians who began using it.
1884:
are generally exaggerated, and "dominated by fetishism, fears about the end of humanism and ideas of techno-fundamentalist progress". The print book medium has proven to be very resilient and adaptable. In the 2020s, print books still considerably outsell
1806:
During the 17th century CE, the influence of the illustrated book declined. Single sheet artworks became more popular since they were more cost-effective to produce and purchase, and were later assembled into albums with decorative elements added after.
1734:. However, palm leaves continued to be used as a substrate for manuscripts in parts of eastern and southern India and Sri Lanka. Paper was commonly used in the Jain manuscript tradition from the 15th century CE onwards. The elongated proportions of the
1285:, with books attached to cabinets or desks with metal chains. This eliminated the unauthorized removal of books. One of the earliest chained libraries was in England during the 1500s. Popular culture also has examples of chained libraries, such as in
1134:
used for Chinese papermaking, artisans used rag fibers which could be locally sourced. Under Arab rule, these artisans enhanced their techniques for beating rag fibers and preparing the surface of the paper to be smooth and porous by utilizing
1779:
in the late 15th century CE, allowing the production of the book and illustrated manuscript to occur more efficiently. Large scale poster-sized manuscript paintings were used as recitation aids to famous stories and narratives, such as the
1426:(in a large edition) was lowered enormously, which in turn increased the distribution of books. The book in codex form and printed on paper, as we know it today, dates from the 15th century. Books printed before January 1, 1501, are called
1625:. The embrace of the printing press by the general public in the Arab and Persian worlds occurred in the 18th century CE, despite having been introduced in Europe three centuries earlier. The first Arabic printing press was established in
1561:. Books produced in Ottoman workshops included biographies, travelogues and genealogies. In the late 16th century CE patronage to the arts declined, including book production, due to an economic crisis. The arts revived under the rule of
1342:
The revival of cities in Europe would change the conditions of book production and extend its influence, and the monastic period of the book would come to an end. This revival accompanied the intellectual renaissance of the period. The
1106:
While paper used for wrapping and padding was used in China since the 2nd century BC, paper used as a writing medium only became widespread by the 3rd century. By the 6th century in China, sheets of paper were beginning to be used for
864:, who skillfully surrounded himself with great authors. This is a good ancient example of the control of the media by political power. However, private and public censorship has continued into the modern era, albeit in various forms.
1675:
1311:
The task of copying itself had several phases: the preparation of the manuscript in the form of notebooks once the work was complete, the presentation of pages, the copying itself, revision, correction of errors, decoration, and
1901:
being deducted. Another important factor in the increasing popularity of the e-reader is its continuous diversification. Many e-readers now support basic operating systems, which facilitate email and other simple functions. The
2650:
1463:. They ranged from being of a larger size used for public recitations to being pocket sized. Books created in this time period placed greater importance on text over image. In many cases, the parchment was dyed (such as the
382:, but a simplified form more adapted to manuscript writing (hieroglyphs usually being engraved or painted). Egyptians exported papyrus to other Mediterranean civilizations including Greece and Rome where it was used until
1870:
Among a series of developments that occurred in the 1990s, the spread of digital multimedia, which encodes texts, images, animations, and sounds in a unique and simple form was notable for the book publishing industry.
847:
were burned because he was a proponent of agnosticism and argued that one could not know whether or not the gods existed. Generally, cultural conflicts led to important periods of book destruction: in 303, the emperor
649:. One end of the stylus was pointed, and the other was spherical. Usually, these tablets were used for everyday purposes (accounting, notes) and for teaching writing to children, according to the methods discussed by
1266:. Even so, survival of books often depended on political battles and ideologies, which sometimes entailed massive destruction of books or difficulties in production (for example, the distribution of books during the
353:
After extracting the marrow from the stems of papyrus reed, a series of steps (humidification, pressing, drying, gluing, and cutting) produced media of variable quality, the best being used for sacred writing. In
85:
authors' rights and shaping the publishing landscape. The Late Modern Period introduced chapbooks, catering to a wider range of readers, and mechanization of the printing process further enhanced efficiency.
4472:
tr. by David Gerard; ed. by Geoffrey Nowell-Smith and David Wootton; Note : reprint, other reprints by this publisher 1990 & 1984, originally published (London : N.L.B., 1976); Translation of
1970:
became the industry standard. Finally, the internet enabled audiobooks to become more accessible and portable. Audiobooks could now be played in their entirety instead of being split onto multiple disks.
1718:
to form a surface suitable for writing. The pages were bound together by a single piece of string on the shorter edge, and held with the longer edge of the manuscript running alongside the user's chest.
657:
X Chapter 3. Several of these tablets could be assembled in a form similar to a codex. Also, the etymology of the word codex (block of wood) suggests that it may have developed from wooden wax tablets.
1738:
were dropped for thinner forms made possible by the use of paper, however, the pages still used a horizontal orientation. Images took up around one-third of the page, the rest being filled with text.
5630:
4176:
749:
cassettes. Moreover, the reader must use both hands to hold on to the vertical wooden rolls and therefore cannot read and write at the same time. The only volumen in common usage today is the Jewish
2595:. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing edition, 2016. This edition is adapted from a work originally produced in 2010 by a publisher who has requested that it not receive attribution. 2016.
1577:. Until the late 1500s, availability of printed books increased but not acceptance of the printing press, since the scribes and calligraphers felt they would be out of work should it be introduced.
517:
A lot of extremely detailed text was produced in early 17th century Japan. For instance, Hitomi Hitsudai spent sixty years taking field notes on 499 types of edible flowers and animals for his book
5092:
88:
The 20th century witnessed the advent of typewriters, computers, and desktop publishing, transforming document creation and printing. Digital advancements in the 21st century led to the rise of
1933:
in 1824 in France. Braille stabbed himself in the eyes at the age of three with his father's leatherworking tools. Braille spent nine years working on a previous system of communication called
876:
survives. Several vases (6th and 5th centuries BCE) bear images of volumina. There was undoubtedly no extensive trade in books, but there existed several sites devoted to the sale of books.
4010:
476:
Although there is no exact date known, between 618 and 907 CE —the period of the Tang Dynasty— the first printing of books started in China. The oldest extant printed book is a work of the
216:
1921:
to represent each letter. Readers can identify characters with two fingers. Reading speed averages one hundred and twenty-five words per minute and can reach two hundred words per minute.
1028:
in the 1st century BC with Latin literature that had been influenced by the Greek. Conservative estimates place the number of potential readers in Imperial Rome at around 100,000 people.
1941:. Braille published his book "procedure for writing words, music, and plainsong in dots", in 1829. In 1854 France made Braille the "official communication system for blind individuals".
1254:
Despite this ambiguity, monasteries in the West and the Eastern Empire permitted the conservation of a certain number of secular texts, and several libraries were created: for example,
696:
across my brown domain, swallowed the tree-dye mixed up with water, stepped on me again leaving dark tracks. The hero clothed me then with boards to guard me, stretched hide over me,
2642:
840:
traditional concept of the culture: an author stuck to several models, which he imitated and attempted to improve. The status of the author was not regarded as absolutely personal.
1304:
The scriptorium was the workroom of monk copyists; here, books were copied, decorated, rebound, and conserved. The armarius directed the work and played the role of the librarian.
1840:
for many readers. Nowhere was this more the case than in Enlightenment Scotland, where students were exposed to a wide variety of books during their education. The demands of the
1962:(RNIB), was the first to deliver talking books to the blind on vinyl records. Each record contained about thirty minutes of audio on both sides, and the records were played on a
1430:. The spreading of book printing all over Europe occurred relatively quickly, but most books were still printed in Latin. The spreading of the concept of printing books in the
501:
printing (1041–1048 CE). Bi Sheng developed a printing process in which written text could be copied with the use of formed character types, the earliest types being made of
4831:
1471:. Earlier Quran manuscripts were oriented vertically, with the height of the book longer than its width. However, later the standard horizontal orientation was established.
2372:
612:
The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study brought about by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagun. The codex itself was actually named
2135:
Histoire nationale ou histoire internationale du livre et de l'édition? Un débat planétaire/National or International Book and Publishing History? A Worldwide Discussion
584:
Although only the Maya have been shown to have a writing system capable of conveying any concept that can be conveyed via speech (at about the same level as the modern
1183:
which permits the reader to take notes while they are reading. The codex form improved with the separation of words, capital letters, and punctuation, which permitted
1829:
print work for twenty-eight years after publication. This was extended in 1842 to the author's lifetime plus seven years, or forty two years after first publication.
449:
and silk was prevalent in China long before the 2nd century BCE, until paper was invented in China around the 1st century CE. China's first recognizable books called
3980:
2946:
Imperial Rome had a population of at least a million. Using a conservative estimate of literacy levels, there would have been more than 100,000 readers in the city.
73:
of the period, and whether readers interacted with the text within. Even a lack of such evidence can leave valuable clues about the nature of a particular book.
81:, each text was a unique handcrafted valuable article, personalized through the design features incorporated by the scribe, owner, bookbinder, and illustrator.
2009:
4779:
Studies in Publishing History: Manuscript, Print, Digital: Studies in Publishing History: Manuscript, Print, Digital - Book Series - Routledge & CRC Press
4686:
Early Printed Books as Material Objects : Proceeding of the Conference Organized by the IFLA Rare Books and Manuscripts Section Munich, 19-21 August 2009
2567:
1687:
285:, etc. Such tablets continued to be used until the 19th century in various parts of the world, including Germany, Chile, Philippines, and the Sahara Desert.
4168:
860:; the book was not originally a medium for expressive liberty. It may serve to confirm the values of a political system, as during the reign of the emperor
2394:
1632:
469:; the diffusion of Buddhist texts was a main impetus to large-scale production. The format of the book evolved with intermediate stages of scrolls folded
1447:
3073:
Lucas, Adam Robert: "Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds. A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe",
412:, leftover papyrus in Egypt was often used by bookbinders for making book covers since paper had replaced papyrus as the dominant substrate for books.
2275:
190:
volumes and eventually led to the mass-printed volumes prevalent today. Contemporary books may even have no physical presence with the advent of the
1480:
scripts. In this period, an array of book types were produced in addition to the Quran, including scientific notes, poetry and literary narratives.
4002:
2704:
2596:
457:, were made of rolls of thin split and dried bamboo bound together with hemp, silk, or leather. The discovery of the process using the bark of the
2502:
1997:
166:. The earliest knowledge society has on the history of books actually predates what would conventionally be called "books" today and begins with
3565:
3421:
3273:
3019:
2198:
3901:
1139:. By the latter half of the 10th century CE paper had replaced papyrus as the dominant substrate for books in the regions under Islamic rule.
257:. The calamus, an instrument with a triangular point, was used to inscribe characters in moist clay. Fire was used to dry the tablets out. At
979:). All books in the luggage of visitors to Egypt were inspected and could be held for copying. The Museion was partially destroyed in 47 BCE.
827:
4046:
941:, after the destruction of the Museion. The Serapion was partially destroyed in 391, and the last books disappeared in 641 CE following the
2305:
4778:
3930:
1659:. The first Persian book to be printed by lithography was a copy of the Quran, using a printing press imported from Russia to the city of
1324:
1218:
sometimes scraped off manuscripts, thereby destroying ancient works. The transmission of knowledge was centered primarily on sacred texts.
4769:
2933:
1954:
The spoken book was originally created in the 1930s to provide the blind and visually impaired with a medium to enjoy books. In 1932 the
1286:
1714:
usually three feet wide and two inches tall. The process of preparing the palm leaves consisted of drying, polishing, and treating with
1221:
Reading was an important activity in the lives of monks, which can be divided into prayer, intellectual work, and manual labor (in the
4133:
2962:
2021:
1722:
Paper was introduced to the Indian Subcontinent from Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula in the 11th century CE by merchants trading with
1366:
in Spain in the 11th and 12th centuries. It was used in particular for ordinary copies, while parchment was used for luxury editions.
2338:
370:(about 2400 BCE). A calamus, the stem of a reed sharpened to a point, or bird feathers were used for writing. The script of Egyptian
5045:
3720:
3370:
1362:
The use of paper diffused through Europe in the 14th century. This material, less expensive than parchment, came from China via the
4238:
1959:
228:
3333:
3230:
1202:
in 304. During the turbulent periods of the invasions, it was the monasteries that conserved religious texts and certain works of
3138:
Funk, Anna O. "From Scroll to Codex: New Technology and Opportunities." Disrupting Society from Tablet to Tablet. 2015. CC BY- NC
2360:
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and conservationists at their disposal. This presupposes a degree of organization of books, consideration given to conservation,
3690:
3500:
3303:
3162:
1655:
was introduced as a way of mechanical reproduction of text and image by the 19th century CE, shortly after its invention in the
3952:
1530:
the workshop director designing the overall layout, followed by the process of making the paper (which may be gold-speckled or
1390:
2726:
739:) of trees or vines, as if it were a wooden stock, because it contains in itself a multitude of books, as it were of branches.
4675:
4578:
4559:
4507:
4209:
3838:
3811:
3787:
2543:
2474:
2244:
2113:
178:. (The current format that we consider to be books, with separate sheets fastened together rather than a scroll, is called a
3588:
2683:
879:
The spread of books, and attention to their cataloging and conservation, as well as literary criticism developed during the
396:
of several sheets pasted together, for a total length of 10 meters or more. Some books, such as the history of the reign of
534:
markets that could be shared between the higher elites as well as middlebrow people, albeit with differing subject matter.
3972:
2038:
1379:
1402:
5677:
5062:
4659:
4308:
2816:
Suarez, M.E. & Wooudhuysen, H.R. (2013). The book: A global history. Oxford, Oxford University Press. pp. 656–657.
2767:
2164:
2043:
1539:
4725:
5773:
5113:
4701:
4624:
4597:
4536:
4528:
4490:
4465:
4439:
4413:
4380:
4361:
4343:
4324:
4266:
3126:
3101:
3045:
2801:
1955:
1841:
1468:
1225:
order, for example). It was therefore necessary to make copies of certain works. Accordingly, many monasteries had a
814:
788:
1130:
Paper as a substrate was introduced from China and practiced in Central Asia by the 8th century CE. Rather than the
796:
5491:
5087:
3467:
2559:
2155:
Binkley, Roberta (2004). "Reading the Ancient Figure of Enheduanna". In Lipson, Carol; Binkley, Roberta A. (eds.).
2080:
1863:
and eventually, computer-based word processors and printers let people print and put together their own documents.
1308:
with God. But if these copies were sometimes made for the monks themselves, there were also copies made on-demand.
1946:
and operations. The system has remained the same, only minor adjustments have been made to it since its creation.
1573:
to commission new manuscripts. The imagery used in these books began to take influence from contemporary European
856:
But there also exists a less visible but nonetheless effective form of censorship when books are reserved for the
5157:
2877:
2085:
4787:
2982:‘Needham, Joseph & Wang, L.’ (1954) “Science and civilization in China”. Volume 5, pp. 122. University Press
831:
A twentieth-century copyright imprint from McLoughlin Bros that features three rams and the copyright year, 1903
5758:
5598:
4106:
2836:
2402:
1750:
was not a large patron of the arts, however, he chronicled his endeavors in a biographic manuscript called the
792:
577:
by the Spanish during colonization on cultural and religious grounds. One of the few surviving examples is the
2994:'Needham, Joseph & Wang, L.’ (1954) “Science and civilization in China”. Volume 1, p.123. University Press
1316:. The book, therefore, required a variety of competencies, which often made a manuscript a collective effort.
2065:
309:
used to record legal contracts, create lists of assets, and eventually record Sumerian literature and myths.
505:
or clay material. The method of movable type printing would later be independently invented and improved by
5768:
2267:
1359:. Books were also collected in private libraries, which became more common in the 14th and 15th centuries.
562:
1190:
Paper would progressively replace parchment. Cheaper to produce, it allowed a greater diffusion of books.
5501:
1875:
further improved access to information. Finally, the internet lowered production and distribution costs.
1061:, for example, wanted to establish one in Rome, proving that libraries were signs of political prestige.
4609:
La naissance du livre moderne, XIVe-XVIIe siècles : mise en page et mise en texte du livre français
2588:
5763:
5506:
5319:
4721:
2510:
2075:
1047:. The spread of the book was aided by the extension of the Empire, which implied the imposition of the
1617:
was initially created by European printing presses. In the 1530s, the first Quran had been printed in
5778:
5753:
4248:
983:
The libraries had copyist workshops and the general organization of books allowed for the following:
2905:
2623:
2206:
1958:
created the first recordings of spoken books on vinyl records. In 1935, a British-based foundation,
5486:
3855:
883:
period with the creation of large libraries in response to the desire for knowledge exemplified by
777:
37:
became an acknowledged academic discipline in the 1980s. Contributions to the field have come from
1483:
The conversion of members of the Mongol elite classes to Islam in the 13th century CE to form the
5288:
5077:
5026:
4747:
4038:
2070:
1767:
Despite being illiterate himself, the book arts flourished under the patronage of Mughal Emperor
1259:
1032:
781:
585:
446:
5012:
5000:
4988:
4976:
4964:
4951:
4934:
4921:
4908:
4893:
4880:
4863:
4839:
4820:
4807:
2297:
1270:
between 730 and 842). A long list of very old and surviving libraries that now form part of the
5371:
5212:
4826:
3922:
3075:
2941:
1905:
is the most obvious example of this trend, but even mobile phones can host e-reading software.
1845:
1504:
1163:
359:
4293:
Edited by Nicolas J. Barker. London: British Library; New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2003.
5657:
5588:
5283:
5083:
4855:
2892:
2831:
2593:
3.2 History of Books | Understanding Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication
1641:
1275:
960:
953:
911:
685:
232:
4694:
The Letters of the Republic: Publication and the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century America
3856:"E-readers and the death of the book: Or, new media and the myth of the disappearing medium"
2958:
5388:
5244:
4423:
4141:
2236:
1837:
1833:
1735:
915:
896:
843:
From a political and religious point of view, books were censored very early: the works of
688:
describes the process of making parchment through the eyes of an animal. The riddle reads:
379:
134:
4169:"A short history of the audiobook, 20 years after the first portable digital audio device"
4074:
3186:
Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (1997). "Pens and Parchment: The Koran and Early Writing".
2330:
8:
5229:
5150:
5051:
3362:
2643:"The Invention of Woodblock Printing in the Tang (618–906) and Song (960–1279) Dynasties"
2053:
1584:
held great importance to the book arts and had a thriving book culture. In this era, the
1356:
1334:
1203:
968:
101:
38:
3712:
3526:
Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (1997). "From Manuscript to Page: The Arts of the Book".
428:
5694:
5603:
5006:
The Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing History
4756:
4548:
4428:
4402:
4369:
3893:
3559:
3459:
3415:
3267:
3013:
2869:
2611:
2536:
A social history of the Chinese book: Books and literati culture in late imperial China
1864:
1656:
1547:
1422:
1352:
1344:
1159:
993:
Literary criticisms in order to establish reference texts for the copy (example :
887:. These libraries were undoubtedly also built as demonstrations of political prestige:
716:
506:
487:
466:
151:
27:
5069:
5036:
4849:
4642:
The perils of print culture: book, print and publishing history in theory and practice
4501:
3325:
3222:
1168:
331:
5728:
5572:
5403:
5207:
5008:
4996:
4984:
4972:
4960:
4947:
4930:
4917:
4904:
4889:
4876:
4859:
4835:
4816:
4803:
4697:
4671:
4655:
4620:
4593:
4574:
4555:
4532:
4511:
4486:
4461:
4453:
4435:
4409:
4376:
4371:
The Myth of Print Culture: Essays on Evidence, Textuality, and Bibliographical Method
4357:
4339:
4320:
4304:
4205:
3885:
3834:
3807:
3783:
3682:
3451:
3295:
3154:
3122:
3097:
3041:
2873:
2797:
2763:
2698:
2539:
2470:
2240:
2160:
2133:. In Lyons, Martyn; Michon, Jacques; Mollier, Jean-Yves; Vallotton, François (eds.).
2109:
1622:
1543:
1329:
363:
306:
113:
105:
70:
3897:
3628:
Cummins, Joan (2006). "Indian Paintings before the Creation of the Mughal Atelier".
3580:
3492:
3206:
Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (1997). "Penmen and Painters: The Arts of the Book".
1566:
1459:
Since the 7th century CE, parchment was used in the codex form for transcribing the
5712:
5672:
5471:
4734:
3875:
3867:
2861:
2718:
2232:
2048:
1271:
1074:
596:
which were contained in similar concertina-style books, one such example being the
401:
337:
129:
66:
3830:
This is Not the End of the Book: A Conversation Curated by Jean-Philippe de Tonnac
1942:
493:
Because of the meticulous and time-consuming process that woodblock printing was,
5683:
5466:
5461:
5393:
5383:
3828:
3801:
2782:
Ishikawa Matsutaro. Oraimono no seiritsu to tenkai. Tokyo: Yushodo Shuppan, 1988.
2675:
1938:
1849:
1800:
1757:
1581:
1385:
1338:(1480) reflects the presence of books in the houses of richer people in his time.
1282:
836:
78:
18:
4550:
Old Books and New Histories: An orientation to studies in book and print culture
1977:
5722:
5689:
5615:
5530:
5525:
5496:
5476:
5309:
5224:
5143:
4397:
4288:
3775:
3440:"The Making of Manuscripts and the Workings of the Kitab-khana in Safavid Iran"
1776:
1626:
1589:
1570:
1558:
1531:
1418:
1410:
1375:
1319:
1263:
1184:
625:
574:
346:
310:
282:
187:
139:
62:
3004:
Bloom, Jonathan (2001). "The Spread of Papermaking Across the Islamic Lands".
1764:
brought back artisans of illustrated Persian manuscripts to the Mughal court.
1281:
To help preserve books and protect them from thieves, librarians would create
1243:
557:
Currently, the only completely deciphered pre-Columbian writing system is the
420:
5747:
5620:
5428:
5398:
5346:
5098:
4515:
4449:
3889:
3871:
3455:
1934:
1930:
1897:
1614:
1174:
1058:
672:
Parchment progressively replaced papyrus. Legend attributes its invention to
597:
578:
546:
478:
367:
355:
237:
163:
117:
23:
1213:
The role of monasteries in the conservation of books is somewhat ambiguous:
5732:
5593:
5341:
5326:
5256:
5239:
4296:
3114:
3089:
3033:
2331:"Where Did Writing Come From? The rise, fall, and rediscovery of cuneiform"
1610:
1538:
writing the text and finally multiple artisans illustrating the pages with
1120:
1112:
1108:
1040:
589:
498:
358:, papyrus was used as a medium for writing surfaces, maybe as early as the
54:
46:
3119:
Europäische Technik im Mittelalter. 800 bis 1400. Tradition und Innovation
3094:
Europäische Technik im Mittelalter. 800 bis 1400. Tradition und Innovation
3038:
Europäische Technik im Mittelalter. 800 bis 1400. Tradition und Innovation
2865:
2425:
Scribes, Script and Books: The Book Arts from Antiquity to the Renaissance
2268:"Cuneiform Tablets: From the Reign of Gudea of Lagash to Shalmanassar III"
1510:
194:. The book also became more accessible to the disabled with the advent of
5535:
5445:
5356:
5331:
5293:
5278:
5197:
5190:
5180:
4760:
4354:
Q.P.B. Short History of the Paperback, and Other Milestones in Publishing
1836:
more books began to pour off European presses, creating an early form of
1727:
1652:
1500:
1496:
1414:
1313:
1290:
1255:
1226:
1222:
1143:
1084:
1001:
934:
880:
566:
558:
442:
250:
224:
211:
167:
58:
3880:
3666:
Dehejia, Vidya (1997). "Visions of Paradise: The Luxury of Mughal Art".
3463:
3439:
3006:
Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World
2467:
Paper before print: the history and impact of paper in the Islamic world
1730:
mills were established in the 15th century CE by artisans arriving from
1238:
542:
497:, a key contributor to the history of printing, invented the process of
261:, over 20,000 tablets have been found, dating from the 7th century
5610:
5314:
5251:
5185:
4647:
1963:
1860:
1787:
1771:. He established a painting workshop adjacent to the royal library and
1710:
1698:
1464:
1431:
1267:
1229:, where monks copied and decorated manuscripts that had been preserved.
1199:
1147:
1142:
An important development was the mechanization of paper manufacture by
1131:
1092:
1039:. However, the book business progressively extended itself through the
1012:
849:
844:
673:
650:
530:
470:
409:
397:
313:
have found scribal schools from as early as the second millennium
254:
242:
183:
42:
22:
12-metre-high (40 ft) sculpture of a stack of books at the Berlin
5481:
4301:
Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age
2857:
1487:
led to a surge in patronage for book production and distribution from
1079:
Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about 105 CE, when
5625:
5555:
5376:
5366:
5273:
5266:
5261:
5234:
5130:
5104:
Society for the History of Authorship, Reading and Publishing (SHARP)
4899:
4738:
3258:
Hillenbrand, Robert (2002). "The Arts of the Book in Ilkhanid Iran".
2227:
Kallendorf, C. (2010). Suarez, Michael F.; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
1982:
1967:
1872:
1782:
1752:
1731:
1593:
1574:
1562:
1516:
1484:
1427:
1207:
995:
964:
938:
930:
884:
667:
383:
302:
199:
50:
5124:
4939:
Bulletin of the Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand
4800:
Annual Bibliography of the History of the Printed Book and Libraries
4098:
2826:
1031:
This diffusion primarily concerned circles of literary individuals.
933:; it contained 200,000 volumes which were moved to the Serapeion by
867:
766:
5635:
5547:
5540:
5438:
5411:
5351:
5335:
5219:
5114:
Museum finder: printing and related museums in Europe and worldwide
3957:
3754:
3550:
Emami, Farshid (2017). "The Lithographic Image and its Audiences".
2131:"The History of the Book as a Field of Study within the Humanities"
2130:
1918:
1680:
1599:
1550:, bookbinders sewed the front cover, spine and back cover with the
1124:
1096:
1088:
926:
861:
684:, in particular, is a fine quality parchment, made from calf hide.
677:
593:
494:
458:
375:
278:
159:
4003:"Are E-books Taking Over the Printed World? – Teen Politics Essay"
473:-style, scrolls bound at one edge ("butterfly books"), and so on.
5433:
5423:
5416:
5202:
5095:, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Libraries
5080:
at the University of South Carolina Libraries Digital Collections
2760:
Japan in Print: Information and Nation in the Early Modern Period
2427:. American Library Association / The British Library. p. 83.
1913:
1792:
1772:
1761:
1723:
1492:
1401:, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type, 1377.
1116:
1080:
1054:
919:
892:
634:
502:
462:
389:
371:
342:
326:
274:
270:
266:
258:
195:
175:
1592:. The most well-known manuscript created by the Safavids is the
1351:
There is also the creation of royal libraries as in the case of
5645:
4404:
The book before printing : ancient, medieval, and oriental
3406:
Shehab, Bahia; Nawar, Haytham (2020). "Early Arabic Printing".
3056:
3054:
2108:. London: The British Library and Oak Knoll Press. p. 23.
1715:
1660:
1618:
1535:
1488:
1136:
1036:
949:
903:
873:
681:
646:
393:
191:
171:
5108:
4458:
The coming of the book : the impact of printing 1450–1800
2560:"Ancient Romans Invented The First Bound Book | Ancient Pages"
1888:
in most countries and remain a multi-billion dollar industry.
971:(Demetrius of Phaleron). It contained 500,900 volumes (in the
138:(1962). Another notable pioneer in the History of the Book is
5667:
5650:
5565:
5560:
5361:
4832:
Society for the History of Authorship, Reading and Publishing
4356:. New and updated ed. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club.
3648:
Cummins, Joan. "Manuscript Paintings under Mughal Emperors".
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
1885:
1796:
1768:
1747:
1667:
CE, calligraphy and the art of writing still remain popular.
1645:
1551:
1460:
1363:
1051:
tongue on a great number of people (in Spain, Africa, etc.).
1048:
857:
750:
719:
explains the relation between codex, book, and scroll in his
630:
570:
345:, c. 1275 BCE, ink and pigments on papyrus, in the
294:
221:
179:
155:
89:
4957:
The Library: The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society
3051:
2302:
International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences
2106:
Books As History: The Importance of Books Beyond Their Texts
1557:
Baghdad emerged as the epicenter for book production in the
1320:
Transformation from the literary edition in the 12th century
5662:
5166:
5103:
4590:
Cuneiform to computer : a history of reference sources
3976:
3113:
Burns, Robert I.: "Paper comes to the West, 800–1400", in:
3088:
Burns, Robert I.: "Paper comes to the West, 800–1400", in:
3032:
Burns, Robert I.: "Paper comes to the West, 800–1400", in:
2469:. New Haven London: Yale University Press. pp. 17–45.
1985:. Notice the blind-tooled cover, corner bosses, and clasps.
1902:
1206:
for the West. There were also important copying centers in
1198:
A number of Christian books were destroyed at the order of
1123:(960–1279) that followed was the first government to issue
1100:
1044:
1025:
942:
910:, which gained importance following the destruction of the
104:
in the latter half of the 20th century. It was fostered by
5119:
3923:"Print Has Prevailed: The Staying Power of Physical Books"
2740:
735:). It is called codex by way of metaphor from the trunks (
4775:
Studies in Publishing History: Manuscript, Print, Digital
4571:
The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making
3680:
3650:
Indian Painting: From Cave Temples to the Colonial Period
3630:
Indian Painting: From Cave Temples to the Colonial Period
2538:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 10–11.
126:
The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing, 1450–1800
5135:
5131:
Early printed books: resources for learning and teaching
4946:(Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia)
3060:
Thompson, Susan: "Paper Manufacturing and Early Books",
1083:, an official attached to the Imperial court during the
1057:
were private or created at the behest of an individual.
537:
4970:
Histoire et civilisation du livre. Revue internationale
4929:(Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand)
4448:
3973:"Physical books still outsell e-books — and here's why"
1008:
The copy itself, which allowed books to be disseminated
482:
and dates back to 868 CE, during the Tang Dynasty. The
362:, but first evidence is from the account books of King
5099:
Program in the History of the Book in American Culture
4434:. Cambridge UK; New York: Cambridge University Press.
3296:"The Arts of the Book in the Islamic World, 1600–1800"
162:, and continues through to the modern-day business of
5074:(Assorted articles on book history, mostly UK and US)
4617:
Print, Manuscript and the Search for Order, 1450–1830
1878:
1399:
Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters
4766:
Studies in Print Culture and the History of the Book
4525:
Cultures of Print: Essays in the History of the Book
4336:
Publishing, Culture, and Power in Early Modern China
3755:"Natural History, Natural Philosophy and Readership"
3734:
3079:, Vol. 46, No. 1 (2005), pp. 1–30 (28, fn. 70)
1791:
to be employed by the regional Rajasthani courts of
3552:
Technologies of the Image: Art in 19th-Century Iran
2483:
2431:
1679:Page from a Jain manuscript depicting the birth of
1115:(618–907 CE) paper was folded and sewn into square
1087:(202 BCE – 220 CE), created a sheet of paper using
614:
La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España.
4547:
4427:
4401:
4368:
2465:Bloom, Jonathan (2001). "The Invention of Paper".
2071:Early American Imprints: Series I Evans, 1639-1800
293:Writing originated as a form of record-keeping in
4739:Library of the Written Word - The Handpress World
4731:Library of the Written Word - The Handpress World
4391:What Is a Book?: The Study of Early Printed Books
4287:The Pleasures of Bibliophily: Fifty Years of the
2920:Latin Palaeography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages
2295:
899:was the director near the end of the 3rd century.
868:Proliferation and conservation of books in Greece
645:upon which they could write and erase by using a
288:
5745:
4873:Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
4652:How to Do Things with Books in Victorian Britain
3854:Ballatore, Andrea; Natale, Simone (2015-05-18).
1636:Photograph of a printing press in Egypt, c. 1922
1437:
569:, constructed concertina-style books written on
465:, but it may be older. Texts were reproduced by
4886:Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada
4352:Craughwell, Thomas J., and Damon Smith (2004).
3853:
3491:Yalman, Suzan; Komaroff, Linda (October 2002).
2358:
2205:. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from
1233:
1146:papermakers. The introduction of water-powered
872:Little information concerning books in Ancient
135:Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man
100:The history of the book became an acknowledged
4788:Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment
4784:Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment
4430:The printing revolution in early modern Europe
4317:A guide to early printed books and manuscripts
3652:. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. pp. 26–73.
3632:. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts. pp. 11–25.
3490:
305:. Many clay tablets have been found that show
5151:
3759:The Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland
3223:"The Arts of the Book in the Ilkhanid Period"
2794:The Case for Books: Past, Present, and Future
2015:European output of printed books c. 1450–1800
1629:in 1720 under the reign of Sultan Ahmed III.
1467:), which was initially executed in Christian
629:Woman holding wax tablets in the form of the
441:Before the introduction of books, writing on
5084:Early Printed and Manuscript Leaf collection
5024:
4573:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
3827:Carrière, Jean-Claude; Eco, Umberto (2012).
3780:The Case for Books: Past, Present and Future
3581:"West Asia: Between Tradition and Modernity"
3152:
2703:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2187:. Vol. 5. University Press. p. 22.
182:. Then hand-bound, expensive, and elaborate
5116:at Association of European Printing Museums
4696:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4633:Pangallo, M. A., & Todd, E. B. (2023).
4614:
4480:
3826:
3730:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3700:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3598:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3510:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3405:
3380:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3343:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3313:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3257:
3240:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3172:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3121:, 4th ed., Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1996,
3096:, 4th ed., Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1996,
3040:, 4th ed., Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1996,
2990:
2988:
2337:. Conservation Research Foundation Museum.
2182:
1605:
975:section) and 40,000 at the Serapis temple (
795:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5158:
5144:
4684:Reed, M., & Wagner, B. (Eds). (2010).
4640:Patten, E., McElligott, J. (Eds). (2014).
4422:
4131:
3953:"E-Books Still No Match for Printed Books"
3681:Department of Islamic Art (October 2002).
3564:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3525:
3420:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3272:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3205:
3185:
3153:Ekhtiar, Maryam; Cohen, Julia (May 2014).
3064:, Vol. 314 (1978), pp. 167–176 (169)
3062:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
3018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2922:, Cambridge University Press 2003 , p. 11.
2315:– via University of Texas at Austin.
2226:
2178:
2176:
1409:The invention of the moveable type on the
1019:
704:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Book
186:appeared in codex form. These gave way to
4994:Mémoires du livre/Studies in Book Culture
4619:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4604:Series : History of the book, no. 4.
4267:Learn how and when to remove this message
3879:
2533:
2392:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
1815:
1258:('Vivarum' in Calabria, around 550), and
815:Learn how and when to remove this message
641:Romans used wax-coated wooden tablets or
432:Chinese Bookseller, illustration, c. 1824
314:
298:
262:
4607:Martin, H.-J., Chatelain, J.-M. (2000).
4554:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
4396:
4375:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2985:
2128:
1976:
1924:
1908:
1697:, c. 1620, depicting the Mughal Emperor
1686:
1674:
1631:
1509:
1446:
1389:
1323:
1287:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
1237:
1167:
1043:; for example, there were bookstores in
826:
624:
541:
427:
419:
330:
215:
150:The history of the book starts with the
17:
4499:
4338:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
3799:
3665:
3627:
3578:
3437:
3220:
2791:
2173:
2154:
2103:
2003:European output of manuscripts 500–1500
1193:
990:Conservation of an example of each text
154:, and various other inventions such as
5746:
4916:(Société des bibliophiles de Guyenne)
4691:
4545:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
3710:
3661:
3659:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3486:
3484:
3433:
3431:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3323:
3293:
3181:
3179:
3155:"Early Qur'ans:8th–Early 13th century"
2529:
2527:
2324:
2322:
2253:
1960:Royal National Institute for the Blind
1855:
1455:manuscript, ca. 9th or 10th century CE
404:, from the early 2nd millennium BCE).
245:, the first author whose name is known
235:, inscribed with the text of the poem
5139:
4875:(Bibliographical Society of America)
4711:
4665:
4611:. Éditions du Cercle de la librairie.
4568:
4508:Leibniz Institute of European History
4314:
4199:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4127:
4125:
4123:
3740:
3549:
3493:"The Art of the Safavids before 1600"
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3326:"The Art of the Ottomans before 1600"
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3003:
2931:
2757:
2674:Lee, Silkroad Foundation, Adela C.Y.
2669:
2667:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2489:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2422:
2328:
2157:Rhetoric before and beyond the Greeks
2060:Specialized databases in book history
538:Pre-columbian codices of the Americas
5093:Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts
4888:(Bibliographical Society of Canada)
4813:Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens
4768:(University of Massachusetts Press)
4637:. University of Massachusetts Press.
4587:
4522:
4366:
4333:
4223:
3752:
3683:"The Art of the Mughals before 1600"
3670:. London: Phaidon. pp. 297–334.
3530:. London: Phaidon. pp. 329–360.
3363:"The Art of the Ottomans after 1600"
3210:. London: Phaidon. pp. 193–220.
2237:10.1093/acref/9780198606536.001.0001
2129:Willison, I. R. (22 November 2006).
1929:Braille was named after its creator
1704:
1178:, a German book from the Middle Ages
793:adding citations to reliable sources
760:
4914:Revue Française d'Histoire du Livre
4204:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
4060:
4024:
3983:from the original on 2 January 2021
3933:from the original on 19 August 2022
3713:"The Art of the Mughals after 1600"
3656:
3647:
3636:
3602:
3534:
3514:
3481:
3428:
3347:
3176:
2819:
2524:
2319:
1380:Global spread of the printing press
1119:to preserve the flavor of tea. The
727:A codex is composed of many books (
603:
573:paper. Nearly all Mayan texts were
378:, or sacerdotal writing; it is not
13:
5063:Bibliographical Society of America
4845:Electronic British Library Journal
4219:
4167:Thoet, Alison (22 November 2017).
4155:
4120:
3806:. University of California Press.
3782:, New York, Public Affairs, 2009.
3384:
3280:
3244:
3194:
3190:. London: Phaidon. pp. 57–78.
3141:
2762:. University of California Press.
2664:
2630:
2443:
2183:Needham, Joseph; Wang, L. (1954).
2044:Centre for the History of the Book
1879:E-books and the future of the book
1474:
1296:
709:
692:Some enemy deprived me of my life
297:during the fourth millennium
14:
5790:
5018:
4982:International journal of the book
4529:University of Massachusetts Press
4393:. University of Notre Dame Press.
3717:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3687:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3585:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3497:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3438:Simpson, Marianna Shreve (1993).
3367:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3330:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3300:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3227:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3221:Carboni, Stefano (October 2003).
3159:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
2359:Editorial staff (May–June 2016).
2185:Science and civilization in China
2027:European output of books 500–1800
1956:American Foundation for the Blind
1842:British and Foreign Bible Society
1369:
461:to create paper is attributed to
28:invention of modern book printing
5727:
5718:
5717:
5707:
5125:Centre for the Study of the Book
5088:University of Maryland Libraries
5068:
5035:
4848:
4668:What is the History of the Book?
4635:Teaching the history of the book
4228:
4103:National Federation of the Blind
3408:A History of Arab Graphic Design
2144:– via The Open University.
2081:Incunabula Short Title Catalogue
2020:
2008:
1996:
1403:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
1250:, one of his many popular works.
918:, around 100 CE; the library of
765:
5708:
5078:Development of the Printed Page
4592:. Lanham Md.: Scarecrow Press.
4483:An introduction to book history
4319:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
4179:from the original on 2023-02-15
4134:"The History of the audiobooks"
4109:from the original on 2018-07-26
4091:
4049:from the original on 2018-07-26
4013:from the original on 2015-04-20
3995:
3965:
3945:
3915:
3904:from the original on 2016-03-15
3847:
3820:
3793:
3769:
3746:
3723:from the original on 2021-06-01
3711:Sardar, Marika (October 2003).
3704:
3693:from the original on 2018-02-03
3674:
3591:from the original on 2017-12-20
3579:Mikdadi, Salwa (October 2004).
3572:
3503:from the original on 2021-06-01
3470:from the original on 2021-05-06
3373:from the original on 2021-06-01
3361:Sardar, Marika (October 2003).
3336:from the original on 2021-05-10
3317:
3306:from the original on 2021-05-14
3294:Sardar, Marika (October 2003).
3233:from the original on 2021-05-12
3214:
3165:from the original on 2021-02-01
3132:
3107:
3082:
3067:
3026:
2997:
2976:
2965:from the original on 2007-10-29
2951:
2925:
2912:
2880:from the original on 2018-07-27
2850:
2839:from the original on 2014-01-02
2810:
2785:
2776:
2729:from the original on 2018-04-08
2711:
2686:from the original on 2018-04-03
2676:"The Invention of Movable Type"
2673:
2653:from the original on 2018-04-12
2599:from the original on 2018-04-12
2581:
2570:from the original on 2018-04-12
2552:
2495:
2416:
2386:
2375:from the original on 2019-09-05
2352:
2341:from the original on 2022-03-26
2308:from the original on 2022-03-22
2278:from the original on 2022-03-26
2086:Universal Short Title Catalogue
1949:
1867:is common in the 21st century.
1756:. Following his exile into the
1524:
1514:Folio from a manuscript of the
1442:
1434:was a somewhat slower process.
1246:writing his compilation of the
756:
205:
110:Prints and Visual Communication
4793:
4761:New Directions in Book History
4753:New Directions in Book History
4654:. Princeton University Press.
4193:
3324:Yalman, Suzan (October 2002).
2932:Beard, Mary (April 16, 2009).
2758:Berry, Mary Elizabeth (2006).
2399:University of Michigan Library
2395:"How Ancient Papyrus Was Made"
2296:Schmandt-Besserat, D. (2014).
2289:
2220:
2191:
2148:
2122:
2097:
1153:
743:
620:
592:cultures had more rudimentary
289:Cuneiform and Sumerian writing
1:
4251:and help improve the section.
3753:Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2012).
3444:Studies in the History of Art
3262:. New York. pp. 134–167.
2534:McDermott, Joseph P. (2006).
2091:
2066:English Short Title Catalogue
1810:
1741:
1670:
1438:Western Asia and North Africa
1035:was the editor of his friend
1024:Book production developed in
952:, a library that rivaled the
594:ideographical writing systems
145:
5631:Conservation and restoration
5120:Institut d'histoire du livre
5025:Adrian Johns (August 2017),
3554:. Cambridge. pp. 55–80.
3008:. New Haven. pp. 47–89.
2647:Asian Art Museum | Education
2361:"The World's Oldest Writing"
2329:Brown, Shelby (2021-04-27).
1917:columns similar to a modern
1760:, in 1540 Babur's successor
1234:Copying and conserving books
895:, a public library of which
731:); a book is of one scroll (
661:
415:
392:books were in the form of a
7:
5109:The Atlas of Early Printing
4726:Publishing and Book Culture
4718:Publishing and Book Culture
4670:. Cambridge: Polity Press.
4615:McKitterick, David (2003).
4481:Finkelstein, David (2005).
2961:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
2032:
253:in the 3rd millennium
10:
5795:
4959:(Bibliographical Society)
4903:(Theatrum Orbis Terrarum)
4815:(Buchhändler-Vereinigung)
4722:Cambridge University Press
4075:"Braille | writing system"
3800:Nunberg, Geoffrey (1996).
3260:The Legacy of Genghis Khan
2393:Tsuneishi, Monica (2014).
2300:. In Wright, James (ed.).
2298:"The Evolution of Writing"
2159:. SUNY Press. p. 47.
2076:Early English Books Online
2039:Book publishing by country
1989:
1383:
1373:
1157:
1072:
665:
324:
320:
249:Clay tablets were used in
227:, currently housed in the
209:
95:
5703:
5581:
5515:
5454:
5302:
5173:
5165:
5031:, University of Cambridge
4303:. Yale University Press.
2934:"Scrolling Down the Ages"
1746:The first Mughal Emperor
486:was printed by method of
5774:History of communication
4692:Warner, Michael (1990).
4285:Barker, Nicolas (2003).
4279:
3872:10.1177/1461444815586984
3410:. Cairo. pp. 29–41.
2792:Darnton, Robert (2010).
1653:Lithographic printmaking
1606:Introduction to printing
1542:, banners and decorated
1068:
512:
436:
5289:Collection (publishing)
5213:Illuminated manuscripts
5041:(Bibliographical essay)
5028:The History of the Book
4944:Studies in Bibliography
4868:British Library Journal
4546:Howsam, Leslie (2006).
4500:Fischer, Ernst (2010).
4485:. New York: Routledge.
4334:Chow, Kai-Wing (2004).
4202:Books: A Living History
4079:Encyclopedia Britannica
3860:New Media & Society
2104:Pearson, David (2011).
1598:, based on the poem by
1546:. After the pages were
1020:Book production in Rome
963:, a library created by
586:Japanese writing system
561:. The Maya, along with
277:, who had workshops of
4569:Johns, Adrian (1998).
4200:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
3979:. September 19, 2019.
3803:The Future of the Book
3076:Technology and Culture
2900:Cite journal requires
2589:"3.2 History of Books"
1986:
1846:American Bible Society
1816:The Late Modern Period
1701:
1684:
1637:
1521:
1456:
1406:
1339:
1251:
1242:An author portrait of
1179:
1164:Illuminated manuscript
832:
741:
707:
638:
550:
433:
425:
408:the 10th century
350:
246:
152:development of writing
30:
5759:History of literature
5658:Intellectual property
5284:Volume (bibliography)
5127:at Bodleian Libraries
4856:British Library Board
4666:Raven, James (2018).
4644:. Palgrave Macmillan.
4475:L'apparition du livre
4424:Eisenstein, Elizabeth
4367:Dane, Joseph (2003).
2866:10.1353/cjm.2013.0010
2832:World Digital Library
2827:"O Códice de Dresden"
2423:Avrin, Leila (1991).
1980:
1925:The making of Braille
1909:Reading for the blind
1896:increased. Since the
1736:palm leaf manuscripts
1690:
1678:
1635:
1513:
1469:Byzantine manuscripts
1450:
1393:
1327:
1276:Catholic Encyclopedia
1241:
1171:
961:Library of Alexandria
954:Library of Alexandria
912:Library at Alexandria
830:
725:
690:
686:Exeter Book Riddle 26
633:. Wall painting from
628:
545:
431:
424:A Chinese bamboo book
423:
334:
233:University of Chicago
219:
210:Further information:
128:) in 1958 as well as
122:L'apparition du livre
21:
4523:Hall, David (1996).
4315:Bland, Mark (2013).
4039:"History of Braille"
2719:"The Printing Press"
2503:"Invention of Paper"
1844:(founded 1804), the
1838:information overload
1565:who established the
1274:can be found in the
1248:Miracles of Our Lady
1194:Books in monasteries
1111:as well. During the
916:Library of Pantainos
897:Euphorion of Chalcis
789:improve this section
699:Decked me with gold…
26:, commemorating the
5769:Textual scholarship
4802:(Martinus Nijhoff)
4588:Katz, Bill (1998).
4408:. New York: Dover.
4099:"1829 Braille Book"
3929:. 15 October 2021.
3129:, pp. 413–422
3104:, pp. 413–422
3048:, pp. 413–422
2918:Bernhard Bischoff.
2272:Library of Congress
2203:Harry Ransom Center
2137:. Québec: Nota Bene
2054:Textual scholarship
1856:Contemporary Period
1786:. Akbar's grandson
1540:miniature paintings
1335:Madonna of the Book
1204:classical antiquity
1015:Bible, for example)
969:Demetrius Phalereus
655:Institutio Oratoria
301:with the advent of
102:academic discipline
39:textual scholarship
5695:World Book Capital
4927:Script & Print
4757:Palgrave Macmillan
4712:Publishers' series
4688:. De Gruyter Saur.
4138:silksoundbooks.com
2944:on June 29, 2017.
2938:The New York Times
1987:
1865:Desktop publishing
1709:In ancient times,
1702:
1685:
1657:Kingdom of Bavaria
1642:Muhammad Ali Pasha
1638:
1522:
1457:
1423:Johannes Gutenberg
1407:
1345:Manuscript culture
1340:
1252:
1180:
1160:Manuscript culture
987:A catalog of books
833:
717:Isidore of Seville
639:
565:other cultures in
551:
507:Johannes Gutenberg
488:woodblock printing
467:woodblock printing
434:
426:
351:
247:
229:Oriental Institute
31:
5764:Textual criticism
5741:
5740:
5573:Coffee table book
5404:Bookworm (insect)
4677:978-0-7456-4161-4
4580:978-0-226-40122-5
4561:978-0-8020-9438-4
4460:. London: Verso.
4454:Henri-Jean Martin
4389:Dane, J. (2012).
4277:
4276:
4269:
4211:978-1-60606-083-4
3927:Visual Capitalist
3866:(10): 2379–2394.
3840:978-0-09-955245-1
3813:978-0-520-20451-5
3788:978-1-58648-826-0
2796:. PublicAffairs.
2545:978-962-209-782-7
2476:978-0-300-08955-4
2246:978-0-19-860653-6
2115:978-0-7123-5832-3
1705:Early manuscripts
1644:sent artisans to
1623:Paganino Paganini
1283:chained libraries
1011:Translation (the
825:
824:
817:
723:(VI.13) as this:
364:Neferirkare Kakai
307:cuneiform writing
241:by the priestess
114:Henri-Jean Martin
106:William Ivins Jr.
71:religious beliefs
5786:
5779:History by topic
5754:History of books
5731:
5721:
5720:
5711:
5710:
5641:History of books
5160:
5153:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5050:, archived from
5040:
5039:
5032:
4853:
4852:
4707:
4681:
4630:
4603:
4584:
4565:
4553:
4542:
4519:
4496:
4471:
4445:
4433:
4419:
4407:
4386:
4374:
4349:
4330:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4247:Please read the
4243:may need cleanup
4232:
4231:
4224:
4215:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4164:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4140:. Archived from
4132:Silksoundbooks.
4129:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4071:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4035:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3961:. 21 April 2022.
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3883:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3797:
3791:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3634:
3633:
3625:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3532:
3531:
3523:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3150:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3111:
3105:
3086:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3058:
3049:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2940:. Archived from
2929:
2923:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2755:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2723:historyguide.org
2715:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2639:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2509:. Archived from
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2462:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2401:. Archived from
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2229:The Ancient Book
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2101:
2049:Outline of books
2024:
2012:
2000:
1694:Shah Jahan Album
1272:Vatican Archives
1099:, old rags, and
1075:History of paper
820:
813:
809:
806:
800:
769:
761:
705:
604:Florentine Codex
402:Book of the Dead
338:Book of the Dead
316:
300:
273:of the kings of
264:
174:, and sheets of
130:Marshall McLuhan
67:cultural history
35:history of books
5794:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5699:
5684:The Philobiblon
5577:
5511:
5450:
5298:
5245:limited edition
5169:
5164:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5044:
5034:
5021:
4937:, formerly the
4847:
4796:
4714:
4704:
4678:
4627:
4600:
4581:
4562:
4539:
4503:The Book Market
4493:
4468:
4442:
4416:
4398:Diringer, David
4383:
4346:
4327:
4291:, an Anthology.
4282:
4273:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4246:
4239:Further reading
4233:
4229:
4222:
4220:Further reading
4212:
4196:
4191:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4156:
4147:
4145:
4130:
4121:
4112:
4110:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4083:
4081:
4073:
4072:
4061:
4052:
4050:
4037:
4036:
4025:
4016:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3907:
3905:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3798:
3794:
3774:
3770:
3751:
3747:
3739:
3735:
3726:
3724:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3679:
3675:
3664:
3657:
3646:
3637:
3626:
3603:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3573:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3535:
3524:
3515:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3482:
3473:
3471:
3436:
3429:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3359:
3348:
3339:
3337:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3281:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3245:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3215:
3204:
3195:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3151:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3112:
3108:
3087:
3083:
3072:
3068:
3059:
3052:
3031:
3027:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2930:
2926:
2917:
2913:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2756:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2640:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2532:
2525:
2516:
2514:
2507:ipst.gatech.edu
2501:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2463:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2247:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2199:"Early Writing"
2197:
2196:
2192:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2013:
2004:
2001:
1992:
1981:A 15th-century
1974:
1952:
1939:Charles Barbier
1927:
1911:
1881:
1858:
1850:sound recording
1818:
1813:
1744:
1707:
1691:Folio from the
1673:
1608:
1527:
1520:(Book of Kings)
1477:
1475:Medieval period
1445:
1440:
1388:
1386:Editio princeps
1382:
1374:Main articles:
1372:
1322:
1302:
1236:
1196:
1166:
1158:Main articles:
1156:
1077:
1071:
1022:
948:The Library at
925:The Library at
902:The Library at
891:The Library at
870:
835:The authors of
821:
810:
804:
801:
786:
770:
759:
746:
712:
710:Greece and Rome
706:
703:
670:
664:
637:, before 79 CE.
623:
606:
540:
515:
439:
418:
386:was developed.
329:
323:
291:
265:; this was the
238:Inanna and Ebih
214:
208:
148:
98:
79:Gutenberg Bible
12:
11:
5:
5792:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5725:
5715:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5690:World Book Day
5687:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:Book packaging
5613:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5591:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5502:United Kingdom
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5081:
5075:
5042:
5020:
5019:External links
5017:
5016:
5015:
5003:
4991:
4979:
4967:
4954:
4941:
4924:
4911:
4896:
4883:
4870:
4842:
4823:
4810:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4763:
4750:
4748:Material Texts
4744:Material Texts
4741:
4728:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4689:
4682:
4676:
4663:
4660:978-0691114170
4645:
4638:
4631:
4625:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4585:
4579:
4566:
4560:
4543:
4537:
4520:
4497:
4491:
4478:
4466:
4450:Febvre, Lucien
4446:
4440:
4420:
4414:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4364:
4350:
4344:
4331:
4325:
4312:
4309:978-0300165395
4294:
4289:Book Collector
4281:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4236:
4234:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4154:
4119:
4105:. 2010-10-04.
4090:
4059:
4023:
4009:. 2010-05-05.
3994:
3964:
3944:
3914:
3846:
3839:
3819:
3812:
3792:
3776:Robert Darnton
3768:
3745:
3743:, p. 116.
3733:
3703:
3673:
3655:
3635:
3601:
3571:
3533:
3513:
3480:
3427:
3383:
3346:
3316:
3279:
3243:
3213:
3193:
3175:
3140:
3131:
3106:
3081:
3066:
3050:
3025:
2996:
2984:
2975:
2950:
2924:
2911:
2902:|journal=
2858:"Project MUSE"
2849:
2818:
2809:
2802:
2784:
2775:
2769:978-0520254176
2768:
2739:
2710:
2663:
2629:
2580:
2566:. 2017-09-25.
2551:
2544:
2523:
2494:
2482:
2475:
2442:
2430:
2415:
2385:
2351:
2318:
2288:
2252:
2245:
2219:
2190:
2172:
2166:978-0791460993
2165:
2147:
2121:
2114:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1951:
1948:
1926:
1923:
1910:
1907:
1880:
1877:
1857:
1854:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1777:Fatehpur Sikri
1758:Safavid Empire
1743:
1740:
1706:
1703:
1672:
1669:
1627:Constantinople
1607:
1604:
1590:Timurid Period
1571:Constantinople
1567:Topkapi Palace
1559:Ottoman Empire
1526:
1523:
1476:
1473:
1451:Page from the
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1419:Peter Schoffer
1411:printing press
1376:Printing press
1371:
1370:Printing press
1368:
1321:
1318:
1301:
1295:
1264:Constantinople
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1219:
1195:
1192:
1185:silent reading
1155:
1152:
1125:paper currency
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1006:
991:
988:
981:
980:
967:and set up by
957:
946:
923:
900:
869:
866:
823:
822:
773:
771:
764:
758:
755:
745:
742:
711:
708:
701:
676:, the king of
666:Main article:
663:
660:
622:
619:
605:
602:
539:
536:
519:Honchō shokkan
514:
511:
438:
435:
417:
414:
347:British Museum
325:Main article:
322:
319:
311:Archaeologists
290:
287:
283:classification
207:
204:
147:
144:
140:Robert Darnton
97:
94:
63:social history
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5791:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5724:
5716:
5714:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5621:Book swapping
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5507:United States
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5429:Print culture
5427:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Bibliotherapy
5345:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5064:
5054:on 2017-12-01
5053:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5030:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:Formerly the
4865:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:(Penn Press)
4745:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4703:0-674-52785-2
4699:
4695:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4626:0-521-82690-X
4622:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4601:
4599:0-8108-3290-9
4595:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4540:
4538:0-585-14207-6
4534:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4494:
4492:0-415-31442-9
4488:
4484:
4479:
4476:
4469:
4467:1-85984-108-2
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4441:0-521-84543-2
4437:
4432:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4415:0-486-24243-9
4411:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4382:0-8020-8775-2
4378:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4363:
4362:1-58288-104-9
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4345:0-8047-3368-6
4341:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4326:9781405124126
4322:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4268:
4260:
4250:
4249:editing guide
4244:
4240:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4144:on 2018-07-26
4143:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4048:
4044:
4043:Braille Works
4040:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4012:
4008:
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3254:
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3200:
3198:
3189:
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3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3135:
3128:
3127:3-7861-1748-9
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:Lindgren, Uta
3110:
3103:
3102:3-7861-1748-9
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:Lindgren, Uta
3085:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3047:
3046:3-7861-1748-9
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:Lindgren, Uta
3029:
3021:
3015:
3007:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2979:
2964:
2960:
2959:"Papermaking"
2954:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2907:
2894:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2838:
2835:. 1200–1250.
2834:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2813:
2805:
2803:9781586489021
2799:
2795:
2788:
2779:
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2748:
2746:
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2724:
2720:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2685:
2681:
2680:silk-road.com
2677:
2670:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2625:
2613:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2569:
2565:
2564:Ancient Pages
2561:
2555:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2513:on 2013-09-15
2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2492:, p. 18.
2491:
2486:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2440:, p. 21.
2439:
2434:
2426:
2419:
2405:on 2017-12-22
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2374:
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2259:
2257:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2209:on 2018-01-06
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2179:
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2136:
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2107:
2100:
2096:
2087:
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2074:
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2050:
2047:
2045:
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2040:
2037:
2036:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1944:
1943:Valentin Haüy
1940:
1936:
1935:night writing
1932:
1931:Louis Braille
1922:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1898:Amazon Kindle
1893:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:Enlightenment
1830:
1826:
1822:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1774:
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1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:Arabic script
1612:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:frontispieces
1541:
1537:
1533:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:calligraphers
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1396:
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1387:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1328:The scene in
1326:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:Constantine I
1257:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1175:Codex Manesse
1170:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:Julius Caesar
1056:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
989:
986:
985:
984:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:Ptolemy Soter
962:
958:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
932:
929:, founded by
928:
924:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
894:
890:
889:
888:
886:
882:
877:
875:
865:
863:
859:
854:
851:
846:
841:
838:
829:
819:
816:
808:
805:November 2023
798:
794:
790:
784:
783:
779:
774:This section
772:
768:
763:
762:
754:
752:
740:
738:
734:
730:
724:
722:
718:
700:
697:
693:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
669:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
632:
627:
618:
615:
610:
601:
599:
598:Aztec codices
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
579:Dresden Codex
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
548:
547:Dresden Codex
544:
535:
532:
526:
522:
520:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
484:Diamond Sutra
481:
480:
479:Diamond Sutra
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
430:
422:
413:
411:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Fifth Dynasty
365:
361:
360:First Dynasty
357:
356:Ancient Egypt
348:
344:
340:
339:
333:
328:
318:
312:
308:
304:
296:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
260:
256:
252:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
223:
218:
213:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:press-printed
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:book printing
161:
157:
153:
143:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:Lucien Febvre
115:
111:
107:
103:
93:
91:
86:
82:
80:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
25:
24:Walk of Ideas
20:
16:
5682:
5678:Preservation
5640:
5594:Book burning
5589:Banned books
5342:Bibliophilia
5327:Bibliography
5257:advance copy
5240:instant book
5208:Illustration
5191:dust jackets
5061:– via
5056:, retrieved
5052:the original
5046:
5027:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4956:
4943:
4938:
4926:
4913:
4898:
4885:
4872:
4867:
4844:
4827:Book History
4825:
4812:
4799:
4783:
4777:(Routledge)
4774:
4765:
4752:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4693:
4685:
4667:
4651:
4641:
4634:
4616:
4608:
4589:
4570:
4549:
4524:
4502:
4482:
4474:
4457:
4429:
4403:
4390:
4370:
4353:
4335:
4316:
4300:
4286:
4263:
4254:
4242:
4201:
4181:. Retrieved
4173:PBS NewsHour
4172:
4146:. Retrieved
4142:the original
4137:
4111:. Retrieved
4102:
4093:
4082:. Retrieved
4078:
4051:. Retrieved
4042:
4015:. Retrieved
4006:
3997:
3985:. Retrieved
3967:
3956:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3926:
3917:
3906:. Retrieved
3881:2318/1768949
3863:
3859:
3849:
3829:
3822:
3802:
3795:
3779:
3771:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3736:
3725:. Retrieved
3719:. New York.
3716:
3706:
3695:. Retrieved
3689:. New York.
3686:
3676:
3667:
3649:
3629:
3593:. Retrieved
3587:. New York.
3584:
3574:
3551:
3528:Islamic Arts
3527:
3505:. Retrieved
3499:. New York.
3496:
3472:. Retrieved
3447:
3443:
3407:
3375:. Retrieved
3369:. New York.
3366:
3338:. Retrieved
3332:. New York.
3329:
3319:
3308:. Retrieved
3302:. New York.
3299:
3259:
3235:. Retrieved
3229:. New York.
3226:
3216:
3208:Islamic Arts
3207:
3188:Islamic Arts
3187:
3167:. Retrieved
3161:. New York.
3158:
3134:
3118:
3109:
3093:
3084:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3037:
3028:
3005:
2999:
2978:
2967:. Retrieved
2953:
2945:
2942:the original
2937:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2893:cite journal
2882:. Retrieved
2852:
2841:. Retrieved
2830:
2821:
2812:
2793:
2787:
2778:
2759:
2731:. Retrieved
2722:
2713:
2688:. Retrieved
2679:
2655:. Retrieved
2646:
2601:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2572:. Retrieved
2563:
2554:
2535:
2515:. Retrieved
2511:the original
2506:
2497:
2485:
2466:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2407:. Retrieved
2403:the original
2398:
2388:
2377:. Retrieved
2371:(3): 26–33.
2368:
2364:
2354:
2343:. Retrieved
2334:
2310:. Retrieved
2304:. Elsevier.
2301:
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2271:
2228:
2222:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:the original
2202:
2193:
2184:
2156:
2150:
2139:. Retrieved
2134:
2124:
2105:
2099:
1973:
1953:
1950:Spoken books
1928:
1919:domino piece
1912:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1869:
1859:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1805:
1781:
1766:
1751:
1745:
1726:. The first
1721:
1708:
1693:
1692:
1665:
1651:
1639:
1611:Movable type
1609:
1594:
1585:
1580:The Persian
1579:
1556:
1528:
1525:Later period
1515:
1505:illuminators
1482:
1478:
1458:
1452:
1443:Early period
1408:
1398:
1394:
1361:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1280:
1253:
1247:
1212:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1141:
1129:
1121:Song dynasty
1113:Tang dynasty
1109:toilet paper
1105:
1078:
1063:
1053:
1041:Roman Empire
1030:
1023:
1000:
994:
982:
976:
972:
922:, in 132 CE.
907:
878:
871:
855:
842:
834:
811:
802:
787:Please help
775:
757:Book culture
747:
736:
732:
728:
726:
720:
713:
698:
694:
691:
671:
654:
642:
640:
613:
611:
607:
590:Mesoamerican
583:
556:
552:
527:
523:
518:
516:
499:Movable type
492:
483:
477:
475:
454:
450:
440:
406:
388:
380:hieroglyphic
352:
336:
292:
248:
236:
206:Clay tablets
149:
133:
125:
121:
109:
99:
87:
83:
75:
55:palaeography
47:bibliography
34:
32:
15:
5611:Book curses
5487:Netherlands
5357:Bookselling
5332:Bibliomania
5315:Bestsellers
5303:Consumption
5294:Book series
5279:Typesetting
4794:Periodicals
4770:Search grid
4648:Price, Leah
4527:. Amherst:
4257:August 2023
4194:Works cited
4007:teenink.com
3833:. Vintage.
3450:: 104–121.
2620:|work=
2365:Archaeology
1861:Typewriters
1832:During the
1728:papermaking
1711:stone slabs
1586:kitab-khana
1569:library in
1501:bookbinders
1415:Johann Fust
1353:Saint Louis
1299:scriptorium
1291:J.K Rowling
1256:Cassiodorus
1244:Jean Miélot
1227:scriptorium
1223:Benedictine
1154:Middle Ages
1148:paper mills
1132:bast fibers
1095:along with
1093:bast fibres
1085:Han dynasty
1002:The Odyssey
935:Mark Antony
881:Hellenistic
744:Description
721:Etymologiae
621:Wax tablets
567:Mesoamerica
559:Maya script
374:was called
251:Mesopotamia
225:clay tablet
212:Clay tablet
184:manuscripts
112:(1953) and
59:art history
5748:Categories
5556:audiobooks
5455:By country
5408:Furniture
5399:Digitizing
5394:Collecting
5384:Censorship
5367:book towns
5252:Publishing
5235:incunabula
5174:Production
5058:2017-11-30
4297:Blair, Ann
4241:" section
4183:2018-07-26
4148:2018-07-26
4113:2018-07-26
4084:2018-07-25
4053:2018-07-25
4017:2015-04-21
3908:2015-09-16
3765:: 297–309.
3741:Lyons 2011
3727:2021-05-21
3697:2021-05-21
3668:Indian Art
3595:2021-05-21
3507:2021-05-21
3474:2021-05-21
3377:2021-05-21
3340:2021-05-21
3310:2021-05-21
3237:2021-05-21
3169:2021-05-21
2969:2007-11-11
2884:2018-07-27
2843:2013-08-21
2733:2018-04-11
2690:2018-04-11
2657:2018-04-11
2603:2018-04-11
2574:2018-04-11
2517:2018-04-11
2490:Lyons 2011
2438:Lyons 2011
2409:2018-04-11
2379:2022-03-26
2345:2022-03-26
2312:2022-03-26
2282:2022-03-26
2213:2018-04-11
2141:2023-09-06
2092:References
1964:gramophone
1852:and film.
1811:Modern Era
1788:Shah Jahan
1742:Mughal Era
1699:Shah Jahan
1671:South Asia
1575:engravings
1465:Blue Quran
1453:Blue Quran
1432:vernacular
1428:incunables
1384:See also:
1330:Botticelli
1268:Iconoclasm
1200:Diocletian
1091:and other
1013:Septuagint
908:Ptolemaion
850:Diocletian
845:Protagoras
674:Eumenes II
651:Quintilian
643:pugillares
471:concertina
445:, shells,
398:Ramses III
243:Enheduanna
146:Chronology
43:codicology
5626:Book tour
5599:incidents
5531:miniature
5526:fictional
5412:bookcases
5352:Bookmarks
5267:paperback
5262:hardcover
5013:1525-6790
5001:1920-602X
4989:1447-9567
4977:1661-4577
4965:0024-2160
4952:0081-7600
4935:1834-9013
4922:0037-9212
4909:0014-9527
4900:Quaerendo
4894:0067-6896
4881:0006-128X
4864:1478-0259
4840:1098-7371
4821:0066-6327
4808:0303-5964
4516:692301471
4506:. Mainz:
3987:2 January
3937:19 August
3890:1461-4448
3560:cite book
3456:0091-7338
3416:cite book
3268:cite book
3014:cite book
2874:161843600
2622:ignored (
2612:cite book
1983:Incunable
1968:audiobook
1873:Hypertext
1783:Hamzanama
1753:Baburnama
1732:Samarkand
1683:, c. 1400
1640:In 1815,
1563:Ahmet III
1548:burnished
1485:Ilkhanate
1357:Charles V
1208:Byzantium
1055:Libraries
996:The Iliad
977:Serapeion
945:conquest.
939:Cleopatra
931:Attalus I
885:Aristotle
837:antiquity
776:does not
733:voluminis
668:Parchment
662:Parchment
588:), other
575:destroyed
549:(page 49)
531:heterodox
416:East Asia
384:parchment
303:cuneiform
200:audiobook
51:philology
5723:Category
5636:Dog ears
5552:Formats
5548:Grimoire
5541:textbook
5492:Pakistan
5439:literacy
5417:bookends
5336:tsundoku
5220:Printing
4650:(2012).
4456:(1997).
4426:(2005).
4400:(1982).
4299:(2010).
4177:Archived
4107:Archived
4047:Archived
4011:Archived
3981:Archived
3958:Statista
3931:Archived
3902:Archived
3898:39026072
3721:Archived
3691:Archived
3589:Archived
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