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Homosexual clergy in the Catholic Church

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48: 1490: 1469: 2101:, has suggested that this was because, "Gay priests and heterosexual priests didn't know how to handle their sexuality, their sexual drive. And so they would handle it in ways that were not healthy." Additionally, the report suggested that some priests and behavioral experts believed the Church had "scared priests into silence by treating homosexual acts as an abomination and the breaking of celibacy vows as shameful". Gumbleton has gone on to argue that the Church should openly ordain gay men. 23: 5006: 2038:
community; however, he also strongly criticized the institution of the Catholic Church for being "frequently violently homophobic" and "insensitive, unfair and brutal" towards people that are gay, noting the irony that he felt there were significant numbers of gay men active at all levels within the Church (including the cardinalate). He called for all statements from the Holy See that are offensive and violent against gay people to be withdrawn, citing Pope
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of homosexuality began in Europe. This condemnation moderated considerably in the final decade of the twentieth century with the distinction now made by Catholic church authorities between homosexual orientation and homosexual activity—forbidding the latter while regarding the former as intrinsically disordered but not sinful in and of itself.
1909:, troubled by the sex scandals in the US, Austria, and Ireland, had written to the Congregation for Catholic Education: "Right from the moment young men enter a Seminary their ability to live a life of celibacy should be monitored so that before their ordination one should be morally certain of their sexual and emotional maturity." 2302:, O.F.M. (aka Michael Fallon Judge, May 11, 1933 – September 11, 2001), was a Franciscan friar and Catholic priest who served as a chaplain to the New York City Fire Department. It was while serving in that capacity that he was killed, becoming the first certified fatality of the September 11, 2001 attacks. 1999:
demanded that the punishment for homosexuality should be moderate because "this sin has been so public that hardly anyone has blushed for it, and many therefore have plunged into it without realising its gravity". It is argued that probably only in the 12th and 13th centuries that a mass condemnation
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In the light of such teaching, this Dicastery, in accord with the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, believes it necessary to state clearly that the Church, while profoundly respecting the persons in question, cannot admit to the seminary or to holy orders those who
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This series of meetings were conducted from July 17th to August 8th in 1995 in Caleruega, Spain. Radcliffe indicated that it really did not matter what sexual orientation a person has, but warned against potential division that could arise if sub-groups based on sexual orientation threaten unity and
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In February 2006, the president of the Religious Conference of Spain, Alejandro Fernández Barrajón declared that " maturity is what must be insisted on, when selecting candidates for priesthood or religious life. Conditioning persons on their sexual orientation is not evangelical. Jesus would not do
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newspaper that he was gay and had a long-term partner. By doing so he had intended to draw attention to the Church's current attitude towards gay Catholics which he felt was regressive and damaging. In his resignation letter he thanked Pope Francis for some of his words and gestures towards the gay
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The Catechism distinguishes between homosexual acts and homosexual tendencies. Regarding acts, it teaches that Sacred Scripture presents them as grave sins. The Tradition has constantly considered them as intrinsically immoral and contrary to the natural law. Consequently, under no circumstance can
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As stated in the Acts of the General Chapter of Diffinitors of the Order of Friars Preachers meeting, the text read "as a radical demand, the vow of chastity is equally binding on homosexuals and heterosexuals. Hence, no sexual orientation is a priori incompatible with the call to chastity and the
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In 2005, the Church clarified that men with "deeply rooted homosexual tendencies" could not be ordained; the Vatican followed up in 2008 with a directive to implement psychological screening for candidates for the priesthood. Conditions listed for exclusion from the priesthood include "uncertain
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became the first Catholic priest in the world to undertake a civil partnership in 2006 in the Republic of Ireland (he had previously had his relationship blessed in a ceremony in 1998 by an American Cistercian monk). He was subsequently expelled from his religious order in 2011, and went on to
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found the AIDS-related death rate among priests was "more than six times" the rate among the general population in the 14 states studied. The report gained widespread coverage in the media, but the study was criticized as being unrepresentative and having "little, if any, real value". Bishop
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Over recent years Catholics on the religious right have tried to connect the incidence of homosexuality within the priesthood to the sexual abuse scandal facing the Church arguing, according to gay social critic Andrew Sullivan, that the direct root "was not abuse of power, or pedophilia, or
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or with sexual abuse more generally. There have been some questions on how distinctions between deep-seated and transient homosexuality, as proposed by the document, would be applied in practice: the actual distinction that is made might be between those who abuse and those who do not.
1848:. According to the new policy, men with "transitory" homosexual leanings may be ordained deacons following three years of prayer and chastity. However, men with "deeply rooted homosexual tendencies" or who are sexually active cannot be ordained. No new 1921:. The Vatican followed up in 2008 with a directive to implement psychological screening for candidates for the priesthood. Conditions listed for exclusion from the priesthood include "uncertain sexual identity" and "deep-seated homosexual tendencies". 4411: 2069:
Studies by James Wolf and by Richard Sipe from the early 1990s suggest that the percentage of priests in the Catholic Church who admitted to being gay or were in homosexual relationships was well above the national average for the country.
2169:, Archbishop of Naples, submitted a 1,200-page dossier to the Vatican that sought to identify 40 actively gay Catholic priests and seminarians across the country, after the list was compiled by a male escort called Francesco Mangiacapra. 2088:-related illnesses at a rate four times higher than that of the general population, with most of the cases contracted through gay sex, and the cause often concealed on their death certificates. A follow-up study the next year by the 1973:
there is an anecdotal story about two priests with a strong attachment to one another "in a carnal way". One was Findchan, described as the founder of the monastery of "Scotic Artchain" in Tiree. The other priest was
2074:, a former convener of the Catholic Caucus of the Lesbian and Gay Christian movement claimed, "It has been estimated that at least 33 percent of all priests in the RC Church in the United States are homosexual." 3081: 2311:(September 2, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was ordained as a Jesuit priest in 1959 and subsequently worked as a psychotherapist and an academic theologian, with a particular reputation within the field of 3564: 4573: 2399:(2009) is a prison drama from Darren Flaxstone and Christian Martin, recounting the tribulations of a gay priest who has been incarcerated for "what we are primed to believe is pedophilia." 2925: 2119:
Asked if a "homosexual subculture" (defined as a "definite group of persons that has its own friendships, social gatherings and vocabulary") existed in their diocese or religious order:
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of Wisconsin has suggested a "homosexual subculture" was wreaking devastation and the Church therefore needed to show "more hatred of homosexual sexual behavior". Michael Hichborn of the
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Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with Regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in View of Their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders
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Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders
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men from seminaries, and from the priesthood. As the title of the document indicates, it concerned exclusively candidates with homosexual tendencies, and not other candidates.
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While the preparation for this document had started 10 years before its publication, this instruction has been seen as an official answer by the Catholic Church to several
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Usually, but not exclusively, this meant homosexual behavior." Steps were subsequently taken to deal with the issue, including correcting a "laxity of discipline".
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priests who have a homosexual orientation (either openly gay or closeted) in the United States. Nevertheless, several studies suggest that the incidence of
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in 1995 "affirmed that the same demands of chastity apply to all brethren of whatever sexual orientation, and so no one can be excluded on this ground."
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is an American theologian, author, and a former Catholic priest. He is a professor in the Department of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology at the
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itself, and investigative journalists have caught several high-ranking Vatican clerics engaging in homosexual sexual activity or relationships.
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The Belgian college of bishops elaborated that the sexual restrictions for seminary and priesthood candidates apply equally to men of all
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teaching was contained in the instruction: the instruction proposed by the document was rather towards enhancing vigilance in barring
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published in 2004 suggested that "homosexual men entered the seminaries in noticeable numbers from the late 1970s through the 1980s".
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in October 2015. In response, he was immediately removed from his Vatican post within the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
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survey of US priests find that 15% say they are completely or mostly homosexual, estimates of homosexual priests run as high as 50%.
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53% of the priests who were ordained in the years 1982–2002 affirmed such a subculture existed in the seminary when they attended.
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Tedesco, Mark, "That Undeniable Longing: My Journey to and From the Priesthood", Academy Chicago Publishers, Chicago (2010).
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about homosexuality among the clergy in his own time period. He harshly condemned homosexual practice among the clergy.
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Pope Francis has directly faced questions from journalists about whether a "gay lobby" effectively operates within the
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clericalism, or the distortive psychological effects of celibacy and institutional homophobia, but gayness itself."
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began in 2005, and the final report issued in 2008. The report spoke about "difficulties in the area of morality
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Instruction on the Careful Selection And Training Of Candidates For The States Of Perfection And Sacred Orders
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has suggested removing all gay clergy from the church, even though this might cause a shortage of priests.
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practise homosexuality, present deep-seated homosexual tendencies or support the so-called "gay culture".
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of New York has been quoted as saying that the Vatican's directive was not simply a "no-gays" policy.
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as Deacon Mark Dolson, who is struggling with his homosexuality and church authority as a seminarian.
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Another report suggested that from the mid-1980s onwards, Catholic priests in the US were dying from
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The Causes and Context of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests in the United States, 1950-2010
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A number of senior members of the clergy have been alleged to have engaged in homosexual activity:
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The Role of the Church in the Causation, Treatment and Prevention of the Crisis in the Priesthood
3741: 2709: 2191:, who retired in 2002, was alleged to have been in a relationship with a former graduate student; 900: 685: 52: 4860: 4404: 4333: 4040: 2759:"A propos de la recente instruction concernant l'admission de candidats à la prêtrise" – 2331: 2257: 2098: 1897:
The document has attracted criticism based on an interpretation that the document implies that
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Corriera della Sera. Vatican Theologian Confesses: «I'm Happy to Be Gay and I Have a Partner»
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Careful Selection and Training of Candidates for the States of Perfection and Sacred Orders
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Careful Selection and Training of Candidates for the States of Perfection and Sacred Orders
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in Argentina, retired in 2005 after video surfaced showing him engaged in homosexual acts;
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El líder de los 64.000 religiosos españoles critica que los obispos protesten en la calle
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AmericaMagazine: Meet the gay priest who served AIDS patients with Mass, prayers and art
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Regarding the recent instruction concerning the admission of candidates for priesthood
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6% identified themselves as "somewhere in between but more on the homosexual side".
2094: 1271: 1230: 1220: 1210: 998: 885: 845: 722: 630: 542: 427: 250: 166: 104: 3210:. Congregation for Catholic Education of the Roman Catholic Church. Archived from 2354: 4772: 4680: 4468: 4321: 3846: 3627: 3340: 3285: 3012: 2768: 2741: 2695: 2641: 2545: 2433:(1976), was the first bestseller to portray a gay Catholic priest and to explore 2308: 2229: 2166: 2078: 1966: 1780: 1370: 1215: 1147: 1142: 1033: 807: 737: 507: 418: 203: 39: 3982: 3369:"St. Peter Damian's Book of Gomorrah: a Moral Blueprint for Our Times - Part II" 4780: 4740: 4721: 4614: 4609: 4543: 4250: 3565:"John McNeill, Priest Who Pushed Catholic Churches to Welcome Gays, Dies at 90" 2866: 2843:"St. Peter Damian's Book of Gomorrah: a Moral Blueprint for Our Times - Part I" 2659: 2395: 2312: 2215:, resigned in 2009 after it was alleged that he had broken his vow of celibacy. 2208: 2051: 1945: 1944:
has called for the Church to be "purified" of its "homosexual culture". Bishop
1800: 1614: 1246: 1225: 1188: 1178: 1105: 1100: 1013: 941: 764: 712: 597: 572: 502: 316: 171: 5037: 4908: 4836: 4624: 4568: 4285: 4226: 3538:"Spain's first openly gay priest fights to make Catholic church gay-friendly" 3211: 3205:"Final report of the apostolic visitation of seminaries in the United States" 2055: 1925: 1241: 1183: 1173: 946: 930: 786: 781: 650: 645: 3623:"Married gay priest says Catholic Church has got God's message 'very wrong'" 1887: 4634: 4629: 4558: 4548: 3249:"Italian Cardinal Sends List Of Purportedly Gay Catholic Clergy To Vatican" 2468: 2388: 2374: 2370: 2325: 2299: 2292:, near Atlanta. He is most widely known for his international best-seller, 2153:
In 2021 and 2022 several Roman Catholic priests outed themselves in action
2039: 2015: 1981: 1738: 1340: 1157: 1152: 1023: 1018: 840: 818: 717: 661: 255: 76: 22: 4968: 4892: 4238: 2350: 2178: 2059: 1871: 1720: 895: 680: 321: 235: 193: 161: 2407:(2013) film about a closeted gay Catholic priest living in rural Poland. 5010: 2381:
who struggles with his homosexual urges, causing him a crisis of faith.
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Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations
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Der heilige Schein: Als schwuler Theologe in der katholischen Kirche
3595:"Father Bernard Lynch: 'The Vatican has told them to get rid of me'" 3202: 3079: 1832:
Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations
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Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
3308:"Der Standard:Bischof trat nach schweren Vorwürfen zurück (german)" 2989:"Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Opinion" 2832:
Adomnan of Iona, Life of St Columba, Penguin books, 1995, pp138-139
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World Briefing: Europe: Austria: Conviction In Seminary Sex Scandal
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announced he was gay and living with his partner on the eve of the
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is much higher than in the general population as a whole. While a
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Press communication of the Belgian bishops (29 November 2005):
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Jose Mantero (born 1963) was the first out gay priest in Spain
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nationwide poll of 1,854 priests (responding) reported that:
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Studies find it difficult to quantify specific percentages of
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Shortly after the poll was published, the Vatican ordered an
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in the late 20th/early 21st century, including the American
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Cardinal Zenon Grocholewski, Prefect (December 15, 2008).
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Attorney: priests claim 70 percent of U.S. bishops are gay
2901:"Pope Francis 'confirms Vatican gay lobby and corruption'" 1807:
sexual identity" and "deep-seated homosexual tendencies".
3493:"Portrait: Jose Mantero, Spain's first openly gay priest" 1853: 2590:. Congregation for Catholic Education of the Roman Curia 2377:. The plot revolves around a Roman Catholic priest from 4462:
Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People
3467:"Memories Of Sept. 11's First Recorded Casualty Endure" 4018: 3358:, El Pais, 1 February 2006, retrieved 22 December 2012 2564: 2562: 3051:
A Secret World: sexuality and the search for celibacy
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World Briefing: Europe: Austria: Seminary Sex Scandal
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Category:Catholic priests convicted of sexual abuse
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Homosexual orientation among Roman Catholic priests
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Grocholewski, Prefect (June 28, 2008). 2559: 2328:, Roman-Catholic priest in United Kingdom and Spain 2172: 1827:stated that homosexual men should not be ordained. 4428:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors 3152:"Report: Priests hit hard by hidden AIDS epidemic" 3120:Cengage Advantage Books: Introduction to Sociology 2629: 2627: 3725:"Gay Priest Was 9/11's First Recorded Casualty". 2508:Ministry to Persons with a Homosexual Inclination 2025:, a senior Polish priest working in the Vatican, 5035: 3946:, Tan Books & Publishers, Charlotte (1999) 3742:"Film examines life of gay priest lost on 9/11" 2779: 2624: 2112:9% of priests identified themselves as gay, and 1984:, in the 11th century, wrote a book called the 3343:, 25 February 1998, retrieved 22 December 2012 3022: 3020: 2751: 2294:What the Bible Really Says about Homosexuality 4964:Media coverage of Catholic sexual abuse cases 4853:Mea Maxima Culpa: Silence in the House of God 4004: 3080:John Jay College of Criminal Justice (2004). 2785:"Archbishop Timothy Dolan headed to New York" 2260:was one of the first gay priests to publicly 2248:make it more difficult to practice chastity. 2030: 1756: 1531: 4959:Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse 4600:Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests 4516:Parish transfers of abusive Catholic priests 3649:Eurekastreet: Conversation with a gay priest 3420:"Synod sows confusion among Pope's faithful" 2802: 2800: 1817:Careful Selection and Training of Candidates 3766:Catsoulis, Jeannette (September 30, 2010). 3028:15% Identify as Gay or 'on Homosexual Side' 3017: 1985: 1931: 1899:homosexuality is associated with pedophilia 1838:In November 2005, the Vatican completed an 4159:Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God 4011: 3997: 3535: 3305: 2962: 2960: 2885:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2710:"The Guardian November 30, 2005 Editorial" 2520:On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons 1763: 1749: 1538: 1524: 46: 3792:Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 29, 2013). 3791: 3765: 3171: 2797: 2698:November 29, 2005. Accessed June 18, 2007 2123:17% of the priests said "definitely", and 1961:Historical incidence of homosexual clergy 1593:History of Christianity and homosexuality 4974:Homosexual clergy in the Catholic Church 3740:Bajko, Matthew S. (September 14, 2006). 3490: 3116: 2861: 2859: 2806: 2334:, Roman-Catholic priest in New York City 1550:For broader coverage of this topic, see 553:Outside the Church there is no salvation 3930:Gay Catholic Priests Tell Their Stories 3697: 3458: 3286:"Queer:Bischof zurückgetreten (german)" 3026:Stammer, Larry B. (October 20, 2002). " 2957: 2701: 2023:second round of the Synod on the Family 2021:In October 2015, on the day before the 1620:LGBTQ-affirming Christian denominations 5036: 3844: 3700:"Good Friday row over gay priest film" 3671: 3536:Socolovsky, Jerome (9 February 2002). 3391: 3385: 3261: 2969:"The Church and the Homosexual Priest" 2966: 2707: 2251: 386:Realms beyond the States of the Church 3992: 3944:The Catholic Church and Homosexuality 3739: 3417: 3117:Tischler, Henry L. (1 January 2010). 2937: 2865: 2856: 2807:Sullivan, Andrew (January 21, 2019). 2609:Congregation for Catholic Education. 2205:Francisco Domingo Barbosa Da Silveira 2003: 1955: 1905:Two months before his death in 2005, 3563:Fox, Margalit (September 25, 2015). 3491:Tremlett, Giles (22 February 2002). 3394:"Trailblazing Gay Priest Dies at 82" 2773: 2137:to examine American seminaries. The 1810: 1458: 5044:Major orders in the Catholic Church 3672:Maslin, Janet (December 17, 1984). 3562: 3464: 3418:Wyatt, Caroline (27 October 2015). 2938:Wyatt, Caroline (28 October 2015). 2526:Ordination of LGBT Christian clergy 2270:National Gay and Lesbian Task Force 2219: 1846:Congregation for Catholic Education 1844:. Publication was made through the 1588:Christianity and transgender people 1578:Christianity and sexual orientation 1478: 13: 4020:Catholic Church sexual abuse cases 3932:, Geoffrey Chapman, London (1993) 2967:Martin, James (November 4, 2000). 2387:(2006) a documentary about Father 14: 5070: 4310:Gonzalo Duarte García de Cortázar 3967: 3870:Roman Catholics and Homosexuality 3698:Usborne, David (March 25, 1995). 3392:Melloy, Killan (March 15, 2010). 3177:"Yes, Gay Men Should Be Ordained" 3064:Roman Catholics and Homosexuality 1912: 1552:Catholic Church and homosexuality 5016: 5004: 4984:Criticism of the Catholic Church 4837:Brendan Smyth: Betrayal of Trust 4154:English Benedictine Congregation 3511:"A priest, gay, and not ashamed" 3123:. Cengage Learning. p. 37. 2461: 2447: 2322:legally wed his husband in 2016. 2173:Homosexuality and the episcopacy 2045: 1732: 1507: 1488: 1477: 1468: 1467: 1457: 1448: 1447: 851:Catechism of the Catholic Church 21: 3914:Saunders, K. and Stanford, P., 3891: 3838: 3816: 3785: 3759: 3733: 3718: 3691: 3665: 3653: 3642: 3615: 3587: 3556: 3529: 3503: 3484: 3437: 3411: 3361: 3346: 3321: 3299: 3278: 3255: 3241: 3229: 3196: 3165: 3144: 3110: 3073: 3056: 3039: 2999: 2981: 2931: 2919: 2893: 2835: 2826: 2546:"Code of Canon Law - IntraText" 2502:LGBT-affirming religious groups 1803:should not be ordained at all. 4574:Pennsylvania Grand Jury Report 3887:(ISSN 1068-8579), January 2006 3845:Warren, Patricia Nell (1996). 3768:"Tribulations of a Gay Priest" 3674:"Jack Lemmon in 'Mass Appeal'" 3544:. Associated Press. p. A7 3036:. Retrieved December 21, 2013. 2748:(ISSN 1068-8579), January 2006 2727: 2682: 2651: 2648:(ISSN 1068-8579), January 2006 2602: 2538: 1880:Roman Catholic sex abuse cases 1583:Christianity and homosexuality 179:History of the Catholic Church 1: 4896:(2017 documentary miniseries) 4519: 3445:"Daniel Helminiak's Web site" 3066:, quoted by Kate Saunders in 2872:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality 2532: 2421: 2029:, stated publicly in Italy's 1673:Metropolitan Community Church 1565:Christianity and LGBTQ topics 4487:Settlements and bankruptcies 3974:English version of the 2005 2708:Leader (November 30, 2005). 2489:In the Closet of the Vatican 1882:and a 2004 sex scandal in a 7: 5059:LGBTQ Roman Catholic clergy 4434:Vatican sexual abuse summit 3918:, Heinemann, London (1992) 3262:Dreher, Rod (24 May 2002). 3049:, New York, 1989; R. Sipe, 2440: 2010:LGBT rights in Vatican City 1823:The 1961 document entitled 1716:LGBTQ Roman Catholic clergy 1625:Blessing of same-sex unions 1598:The Bible and homosexuality 636:Infallibility of the Church 10: 5075: 4805:Sex Crimes and the Vatican 3542:Spartanburg Herald-Journal 3465:Hagerty, Barbara Bradley. 2790:National Catholic Reporter 2290:University of West Georgia 2264:as gay. He co-founded the 2176: 2148: 2007: 1785:homosexuals to be ordained 1549: 1514:Catholic Church portal 4999: 4951: 4670: 4647: 4587: 4536: 4508: 4479: 4452: 4391: 4380: 4373: 4349: 4260: 4201: 4192: 4142: 4049: 4033: 4026: 3154:. 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4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4233:Keith O'Brien 4231: 4228: 4227:Angelo Sodano 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4129:United States 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4041:In confession 4039: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3972: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3953: 3952:0-89555-651-0 3949: 3945: 3941: 3939: 3938:0-225-66682-0 3935: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3924:0-434-67246-7 3921: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3860: 3858:9780964109971 3854: 3850: 3849: 3841: 3826:. 7 July 2016 3825: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3728: 3721: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3645: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3618: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3590: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3516: 3515:The Economist 3512: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3472: 3468: 3461: 3446: 3440: 3425: 3421: 3414: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3309: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3153: 3147: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3084: 3076: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2963: 2961: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2922: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2888: 2882: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2860: 2844: 2838: 2829: 2814: 2813:Intelligencer 2810: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2754: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2665: 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581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 568:Justification 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 534: 533: 530: 527: 526: 521: 518: 516: 513: 509: 506: 505: 504: 501: 497: 494: 493: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 463: 462: 461: 458: 455: 454: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 424: 423: 420: 417: 416: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 391: 390: 387: 384: 383: 378: 377: 373: 371: 370: 366: 364: 363: 359: 358: 357: 356: 353: 350: 349: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 309: 308: 303: 302: 301: 300: 296: 295: 286: 284: 281: 280: 276: 275: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 224: 219: 218: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 136: 133: 132: 125: 124: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 106: 103: 101: 98: 95: 91: 88: 87: 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Retrieved 3818: 3806:. Retrieved 3802:the original 3797: 3787: 3775:. Retrieved 3771: 3761: 3749:. Retrieved 3745: 3735: 3726: 3720: 3708:. Retrieved 3703: 3693: 3681:. Retrieved 3677: 3667: 3655: 3644: 3632:. Retrieved 3626: 3617: 3605:. Retrieved 3598: 3589: 3577:. Retrieved 3573:the original 3568: 3558: 3546:. Retrieved 3541: 3531: 3519:. Retrieved 3514: 3505: 3496: 3486: 3474:. Retrieved 3470: 3460: 3448:. Retrieved 3439: 3427:. Retrieved 3423: 3413: 3401:. Retrieved 3397: 3387: 3376:. Retrieved 3372: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3332: 3323: 3312:. Retrieved 3301: 3290:. Retrieved 3280: 3272:the original 3267: 3257: 3243: 3231: 3219:. Retrieved 3212:the original 3198: 3186:. Retrieved 3180: 3167: 3156:. Retrieved 3146: 3134:. Retrieved 3119: 3112: 3102:December 21, 3100:. Retrieved 3082: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3031: 3001: 2992: 2983: 2972: 2947:. Retrieved 2943: 2933: 2921: 2909:. Retrieved 2904: 2895: 2871: 2867:Dynes, Wayne 2846:. Retrieved 2837: 2828: 2816:. 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Wolf, 2881:cite book 2818:April 27, 2594:April 27, 2379:Liverpool 2234:Caleruega 1995:In 1102, 1940:Cardinal 1791:at their 1777:canon law 1668:Methodist 1473:Templates 1346:Evolution 1316:Orthodoxy 1291:Ecumenism 1277:Criticism 1267:Antipopes 1247:Byzantine 1226:Malankara 1189:Mozarabic 1179:Ambrosian 1163:Zaire Use 1096:Devotions 1075:Matrimony 1060:Eucharist 703:Sexuality 603:Synergism 529:Salvation 520:Mediatrix 496:Dormition 481:Mater Dei 466:Mariology 448:Ascension 400:Purgatory 362:Decalogus 266:Canon law 150:Ascension 83:Hierarchy 4885:The Club 4736:episode) 4732:" (2002 4681:Judgment 4509:See also 4392:Holy See 4382:Catholic 3830:26 April 3706:. London 3634:26 April 3607:26 April 3450:26 April 3429:26 April 3424:BBC News 3337:Archived 3188:July 17, 3009:Archived 2949:26 April 2944:BBC News 2911:26 April 2905:BBC News 2869:(1990). 2848:26 April 2765:Archived 2738:Archived 2716:. London 2714:Guardian 2692:Archived 2638:Archived 2441:See also 2415:cybersex 2262:come out 2232:held in 1884:seminary 1789:celibacy 1663:Lutheran 1453:Category 1443:Glossary 1381:Politics 1356:HIV/AIDS 1286:Pandeism 1242:Armenian 1174:Gallican 974:Molinism 962:Occamism 937:Schools 891:Just war 827:Peshitta 696:Lectures 686:Morality 339:Filioque 287:Doctrine 231:Holy See 100:Theology 94:timeline 62:Overview 32:a series 30:Part of 4952:Related 4673:culture 4671:Popular 4436:(2019) 4350:Priests 4261:Bishops 4099:Ireland 4094:Germany 4074:Belgium 4064:Austria 3476:5 March 3182:America 2974:America 2396:Release 2365:(1994) 2228:of the 2226:Chapter 2213:Uruguay 2149:Germany 2104:A 2002 2097:of the 2058:in the 2016:Vatican 1976:Aed Dub 1971:Columba 1892:Austria 1876:priests 1779:of the 1648:Baptist 1438:Outline 1408:Slavery 1398:Science 1311:Judaism 1055:Penance 1050:Baptism 999:Liturgy 992:Worship 957:Scotism 952:Thomism 803:Vulgate 312:Trinity 172:Fathers 105:Liturgy 90:History 77:Francis 4909:Clergy 4901:Romans 4701:(1992) 4501:(2002) 4495:(1998) 4493:Virtus 4472:(2004) 4464:(2002) 4430:(2014) 4424:(2005) 4416:(1971) 4408:(1962) 4384:Church 4342:(2019) 4336:(2018) 4330:(2018) 4324:(2018) 4318:(2018) 4312:(2018) 4306:(2018) 4300:(2018) 4294:(2013) 4288:(2012) 4282:(2009) 4276:(2002) 4270:(1998) 4253:(2019) 4247:(2019) 4241:(2018) 4235:(2015) 4229:(2010) 4223:(2002) 4217:(1998) 4211:(1998) 4114:Mexico 4109:Poland 4079:Canada 3960:  3950:  3936:  3922:  3908:  3855:  3662:, 2019 3238:, 2021 3136:25 May 3127:  3093:  2362:Priest 2143:  1863:  1834:(2005) 1819:(1961) 1683:Quaker 1091:Prayer 743:Saints 503:Titles 395:Heaven 317:Father 34:on the 4829:Doubt 4480:Other 4104:Italy 4084:Chile 4027:Cases 3883:" in 3215:(PDF) 3208:(PDF) 3087:(PDF) 2744:" in 2644:" in 2367:drama 2339:Films 2266:LGBTQ 2240:so." 2209:Minas 2161:Italy 1850:moral 1463:Media 1433:Index 1371:Music 1306:Islam 1282:Deism 1184:Braga 1138:Roman 1120:Rites 1101:Bible 773:Bible 765:Texts 748:Dogma 578:Merit 508:Queen 405:Limbo 162:Peter 135:Jesus 4925:Prey 4195:rank 3958:ISBN 3948:ISBN 3934:ISBN 3920:ISBN 3906:ISBN 3853:ISBN 3832:2017 3810:2021 3779:2012 3753:2012 3712:2012 3685:2021 3636:2017 3609:2017 3581:2021 3550:2021 3523:2021 3478:2019 3452:2017 3431:2017 3405:2012 3223:2021 3190:2012 3138:2020 3125:ISBN 3104:2012 3091:ISBN 2951:2017 2913:2017 2887:link 2850:2017 2820:2021 2596:2021 2353:and 2086:AIDS 2077:The 1894:). 1775:The 1009:Mass 691:Body 410:Hell 167:Paul 117:Mary 73:Pope 3471:NPR 3030:". 2657:In 2211:in 1965:In 1886:at 1854:gay 1341:Art 322:Son 299:God 5040:: 4520:c. 3900:, 3872:- 3796:. 3770:. 3744:. 3702:. 3676:. 3625:. 3597:. 3567:. 3540:. 3513:. 3497:G2 3495:. 3469:. 3422:. 3396:. 3371:. 3266:. 3179:. 3019:^ 2991:. 2971:. 2959:^ 2942:. 2903:. 2883:}} 2879:{{ 2858:^ 2811:. 2799:^ 2787:. 2712:. 2663:: 2626:^ 2578:^ 2561:^ 2437:. 2157:. 1978:. 75:: 4728:" 4525:) 4518:( 4012:e 4005:t 3998:v 3879:" 3861:. 3812:. 3781:. 3755:. 3714:. 3687:. 3638:. 3611:. 3583:. 3552:. 3525:. 3480:. 3454:. 3433:. 3407:. 3381:. 3317:. 3295:. 3225:. 3192:. 3161:. 3140:. 3106:. 3070:. 2995:. 2977:. 2953:. 2928:. 2915:. 2889:) 2852:. 2822:. 2793:. 2723:. 2673:" 2666:" 2633:" 2620:. 2598:. 2555:. 2417:. 2315:. 2296:. 2272:. 1890:( 1764:e 1757:t 1750:v 1554:. 1539:e 1532:t 1525:v 1388:) 1384:( 1284:/ 1203:: 1130:: 96:) 92:(

Index


a series
Catholic Church
St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica
Overview
Pope
Francis
Hierarchy
History
timeline
Theology
Liturgy
Sacraments
Mary
Jesus
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Ascension
Early Christianity
Peter
Paul
Fathers
History of the Catholic Church
History of the papacy
Ecumenical councils
Magisterium
Four Marks of the Church
One true church
Apostolic succession

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