27:
243:
12-step program, HA has 14 steps which are used by about 50 chapters of HA throughout North
America. Nine of the steps were based on the experiences of founder Cook, while the other five are adaptations of AA steps. One analysis of the 14 steps commented on the "alleged generosity" of the HA approach, noting that while both approaches emphasize avoidance of undesired behaviors, "AA groups accept the person along with their problems, Homosexuals Anonymous stresses that the person is guilty of the
178:, began an investigation by interviewing Cook's former clients and writing a letter to church officials outlining his indiscretions. Lawson interviewed 14 individuals counselled by Cook as part of the HA program; none reported any change in sexual orientation as a consequence of HA, and all but two reported having sex with Cook. Cook resigned from HA and shut down Quest; the Adventists withdrew their funding support. With Cook's departure, McIntyre took over as executive director of HA.
313:
controversial even within the GLBT community. Besen has accused HA of re-writing history, omitting details of Cook's past from its web site. While "reading the group's Web page, one would think that Cook was a smashing success and paragon of heterosexuality," he writes. Haldeman has described the response of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church to the 1986 Cook revelations as a
294:, who states that "the message that homosexuality can be 'repaired' doesn't just ruin lives – it ends them". She describes the expansion of ex-gay organizations around the world as "rearing ugly heads," specifically citing HA's expansion into El Salvador, New Zealand, and Germany, and criticising HA executive director McIntyre's Kenyan conference.
278:
group who had been going to HA for four, five, six, seven years and they seemed to be at the exact same spot I was. I didn't see any graduates. I saw people that were still there, that hadn't changed. They were still struggling. ... I don't know anybody from my ex-gay group ... who claims to be ex-gay now."
277:
Wayne Besen states that former HA clients have reported that the program is ineffective. Besen quotes one former client "One thing that really clued me in was with my sponsor every week and hearing him talk about his struggles and talking to other people in the group, and there were people in that
242:
The HA program relies on belief in Jesus Christ to effect sexual orientation change. Similar to
Alcoholics Anonymous, the change takes place over a lifetime, according to HA. Local chapters conduct meetings at regular intervals where members provide fellowship and support to one another. Unlike AA's
312:
community needs to challenge the propaganda presented at ex-gay events including those run by HA. He also advocates covert operations against HA and other ex-gay ministries in an attempt to "catch ex-gay leaders engaging in not so ex-gay behavior", though such attempts to discredit the industry are
166:
program and basing the other nine on his personal experience. HA was supported by $ 47,000 in annual support from the
Adventist Church, plus fees paid for treatment. McIntyre (who, when growing up, identified as gay) said he founded HA based on his belief that "homosexuality is not something you're
273:
reported that counselees' reactions to the Cook revelations followed a common pattern: "a loss of faith, loss of trust in other human beings, and a lack of motivation to get on with their lives". In addition, many of the counselees stayed in
Reading, "unwilling or unable to go home to families who
181:
Counseling sessions with Cook included giving his clients nude massages, ostensibly to desensitize them to maleβmale contact and homosexual desires; however, this was counter-productive since counselees began having sexual encounters with each other. Cook admitted in a 1987 interview that he "fell
201:
reported Cook was engaging in phone sex and asking "patients to bring homosexual pornography to sessions so that he could help desensitize them against it". As recently as 2007, Cook has still been promoting the ability to "heal homosexuals". Under McIntyre, HA has also taken on more political
190:
describes practitioners of sexual orientation conversion through religion as often being "individuals deeply troubled about their own sexual orientation, or whose own sexual conversion is incomplete". Blair reports a host of problems with such counselors, including the sexual abuse of clients;
158:, as a ministry of the Seventh-day Adventist Church to "help people find freedom from homosexuality." HA was one of seven programs offered by Quest, and people came from around the US seeking assistance from Cook. Cook developed the 14-step program used by HA, modifying five of the standard
333:, HA, Exodus International and NARTH are described as organizations that "particularly target teenagers' burgeoning sexuality, and feed into a wider fundamentalist view that all forms of 'sexual immorality' are destroying the moral fabric of the nation".
182:
into the delusion" that such actions were a legitimate part of his HA counseling activities, stating: "I allowed myself to hug and hold my counselees thinking I was helping them... But I needed it more than they did." Psychiatrist
133:
denomination. HA uses a 14-step program developed by Cook, based on his own experiences. Cook resigned in 1986 following a scandal involving him allegedly having sex with 12 out of the 14 male clients interviewed from 1980 to 1986.
194:
Despite his 1974 defrocking and the 1986 revelations of his client abuse, Cook remains dedicated to the belief that homosexuality can be changed. In 1993 he moved to
Colorado and returned to counseling, which ended in 1995 when
830:
202:
advocacy. In 2009 he led a conference held in Kenya promoting the ex-gay movement, controversial to homosexuals as an example of ex-gay advocacy events held in Africa which are followed by incidents of
102:
and describes itself as "a fellowship of men and women, who through their common emotional experience, have chosen to help each other live in freedom from homosexuality." HA regards
234:(PATH) group. HA is affiliated with JASON Ministries, headquartered in Germany. It publishes a newsletter and web site and organizes a "Homosexuals Anonymous Annual Conference".
406:
840:
323:
Scandal in the
Adventist-funded program to 'heal' homosexuals: Failure, sexual exploitation, official silence, and attempts to rehabilitate the exploiter and his methods.
1522:
831:"Both Sides Now; One Of The Christian Activists Debating Orlando's Gay-Rights Law Brings A Unique Perspective To The Fight. 'I'm Not Gay Anymore,' Says Alan Chambers"
129:
Christopher Melilo, Colin Cook and
Douglas McIntyre, who all claimed to have struggled with same-sex attractions, founded HA in 1980 with financial support from the
1532:
1184:
191:
Haldeman describes Cook as "the most notable of such ministers". Cook himself also admitted to "occasional falls" before (and throughout) his marriage.
884:
1527:
171:." He attributes abuse at the ages of three and four, and molestation at the age of five, as having contributed to his homosexual attraction.
638:
1054:
551:
1005:
267:
The organization cites several cases where it claims people have changed their sexual orientation. Reporting on Lawson's 1986 findings, the
1542:
648:
1255:
372:
1512:
1113:
1030:
639:""The Surgeon General's call to Action to Promote Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual Behavior", A Letter from the Surgeon General"
414:
1285:
256:
231:
247:, must admit it, renounce it, and then accept heterosexuality as a necessary condition to becoming a Christian." According to
1537:
1491:
1457:
1420:
1386:
1318:
1081:
977:
813:
767:
728:
531:
462:
1151:
643:
214:
The headquarters of
Homosexuals Anonymous is in Houston, Texas. As of June 2009, the organization has chapters in the
174:
Rumours of sexual misconduct by Cook came to light in 1986 when Ron Lawson, a gay
Adventist and Professor of Sociology at
942:
Culver, V. (October 27, 1995). "Sessions with gays criticized: Former minister's counseling methods brought reprimands".
907:
674:
154:
in 1974 for having sex with a man in his church) and ex-gay Douglas McIntyre. Cook founded the Quest Learning Center in
603:
1194:
611:
318:
1517:
1216:
342:
248:
1341:
1189:
652:
568:
118:-norm". This approach has been criticized for stressing that a person must renounce homosexuality to be a
874:
111:
367:
143:
454:
489:
377:
326:
291:
175:
523:
244:
1372:
1308:
753:
446:
1247:
1048:
799:
597:
517:
352:
301:
155:
147:
130:
997:
1102:"Homosexuals Anonymous Had Kenya Event In 2009; Anti-Gay Persecution Campaign Now Underway"
252:
163:
1101:
8:
1073:
559:
159:
1277:
805:
759:
382:
123:
99:
1487:
1453:
1416:
1382:
1314:
1077:
1022:
973:
879:
809:
763:
724:
607:
527:
458:
269:
1014:
915:
835:
795:
749:
680:. Homosexuals Anonymous Fellowship Services. August 2009. p. 5. Archived from
168:
801:
Ex-gays? A Longitudinal Study of Religiously Mediated Change in Sexual Orientation
1477:
1443:
1406:
1139:
963:
714:
675:"Treasures: The Official Newsletter of Homosexuals Anonymous Fellowship Services"
197:
875:"It's Called Change Counseling: Troubled Pioneer Maintains His Faith in Program"
1378:
1348:. Homosexuals Anonymous Fellowship Services. September 12, 2009. Archived from
1147:
1109:
1018:
305:
56:
26:
599:
In the Name of the Father: the Rhetoric of the New Southern Baptist Convention
1506:
1479:
Anything but Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth
1445:
Anything but Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth
1408:
Anything but Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth
1223:. Homosexuals Anonymous Fellowship Services. October 16, 2009. Archived from
965:
Anything but Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth
716:
Anything but Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth
681:
634:
215:
103:
317:
whilst Lawson titled his 1987 presentation to the annual convention of the
107:
1224:
1026:
755:
Homosexuality: the Use of Scientific Research in the Church's Moral Debate
1473:
1439:
1402:
1135:
1097:
959:
944:
297:
227:
223:
183:
115:
1180:
362:
287:
203:
151:
119:
1483:
1449:
1412:
969:
720:
347:
1349:
451:
Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences
314:
998:"The Practice and Ethics of Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy"
794:
488:. Homosexuals Anonymous Fellowship Services. September 12, 2009.
219:
519:
Being the Chosen: Exploring a Christian Fundamentalist Worldview
251:
Kathleen Ritter and Anthony Terndrup, ex-gay organizations like
1374:
Handbook of Affirmative Psychotherapy with Lesbians and Gay Men
95:
357:
413:. Talk Radio News Service. February 26, 2009. Archived from
106:
as "sexual brokeness" that may be "healed" through faith in
309:
1140:"Globetrotting Anti-Gay Characters With Character Issues"
1070:
Ex-Gay No Way: Survival and Recovery from Religious Abuse
122:, and because there is no valid scientific evidence that
481:
79:
995:
114:
groups, HA regards heterosexuality as "the universal
444:
407:"From CPAC: Gay converter says "Change is possible""
1523:Christian organizations based in the United States
595:
1504:
1278:"Homosexuals Anonymous – JASON Ministries"
1472:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1401:
1371:Ritter, Kathleen; Terndrup, Anthony I. (2002).
958:
908:"Programs claim to convert homosexual feelings"
790:
788:
786:
712:
515:
447:"The Practice of Ethics and Conversion Therapy"
1370:
1310:Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics
633:
627:
257:Parents and Friends of Ex-Gays and Gays (PFOX)
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1006:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
748:
1429:
1134:
1128:
1096:
1053:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
872:
783:
713:Besen, Wayne R. (2003). "Founding Follies".
649:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
1533:Christian organizations established in 1980
1067:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
708:
706:
704:
702:
449:. In Garnets, L. D.; Kimmel, D. C. (eds.).
1306:
1166:
401:
399:
397:
373:Persecution of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany
25:
1466:
1313:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 206β207.
937:
935:
933:
828:
511:
509:
507:
1528:1980 establishments in the United States
1307:Djupe, Paul A.; Olson, Laura R. (2003).
1245:
855:
744:
742:
740:
699:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
259:use this adapted model developed by HA.
16:Anti-LGBT Christian fundamentalist group
1442:(2003). "Future Follies and Failures".
991:
989:
394:
1505:
941:
930:
906:Schupp, Kimberly (November 20, 2010).
905:
829:Imperiale, Nancy (November 24, 2002).
591:
589:
552:"Church Funds Program For Homosexuals"
545:
543:
504:
476:
474:
232:Positive Alternatives to Homosexuality
737:
429:
167:born with, that it's a spin-off of a
1300:
1179:
986:
549:
1543:Seventh-day Adventist organizations
1185:"Destroying Lives Around the World"
586:
540:
471:
169:trauma that occurs during childhood
71:Douglas McIntyre, National Director
13:
604:Southern Illinois University Press
596:Kell, Carl; Camp, Raymond (1999).
14:
1554:
1248:"An Older, Wiser Ex-Gay Movement"
873:Japenga, Ann (December 6, 1987).
319:American Sociological Association
1513:Conversion therapy organizations
262:
249:gay affirmative psychotherapists
1395:
1364:
1334:
1288:from the original on 2011-08-18
1270:
1258:from the original on 2016-03-03
1239:
1209:
1154:from the original on 2011-07-23
1116:from the original on 2011-07-23
1090:
1061:
1036:from the original on 2017-11-18
952:
899:
887:from the original on 2011-12-25
822:
492:from the original on 2010-08-13
325:In Julie Scott Jones' study of
209:
1246:Stafford, Tim (October 2007).
996:Haldeman, Douglas, C. (1994).
667:
343:Christianity and homosexuality
274:expected them to be changed".
1:
1254:. Vol. 51, no. 10.
445:Haldeman, Douglas C. (2003).
388:
1538:1980 establishments in Texas
1476:(2003). "Founding Follies".
798:; Yarhouse, Mark A. (2007).
752:; Yarhouse, Mark A. (2000).
290:, the executive director of
281:
45:Colin Cook, Douglas McIntyre
7:
962:(2003). "Radical Richard".
336:
300:, former spokesman for the
10:
1559:
1019:10.1037/0022-006x.62.2.221
567:(3): 46β48. Archived from
368:Matthew Shepard Foundation
237:
142:HA was founded in 1980 by
137:
455:Columbia University Press
75:
65:
49:
41:
33:
24:
516:Jones, Julie S. (2010).
378:Recovering from Religion
327:Christian fundamentalism
230:. HA is a member of the
176:Queens College, New York
112:Christian fundamentalist
550:Cook, Colin D. (1982).
524:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd
110:. In common with other
1518:LGBTQ and Christianity
1405:(2003). "Undercover".
308:, has argued that the
186:in his 1982 monograph
104:homosexual orientation
98:group which practices
1284:. Robert Gollwitzer.
1282:jason-online.webs.com
1100:(February 24, 2010).
353:Courage International
302:Human Rights Campaign
156:Reading, Pennsylvania
148:Seventh-day Adventist
131:Seventh-day Adventist
88:Homosexuals Anonymous
20:Homosexuals Anonymous
1452:. pp. 262β265.
1183:(November 6, 2010).
1068:Rix, Jallen (2010).
762:. pp. 135β136.
457:. pp. 681β698.
286:One critic of HA is
253:Exodus International
245:sin of homosexuality
164:Alcoholics Anonymous
1352:on February 5, 2009
1227:on February 5, 2009
1197:on January 16, 2013
918:on January 24, 2013
21:
1486:. pp. 97β98.
1252:Christianity Today
806:InterVarsity Press
760:InterVarsity Press
723:. pp. 93β94.
644:surgeongeneral.gov
383:The Trevor Project
124:sexual orientation
100:conversion therapy
19:
1493:978-1-56023-446-3
1459:978-1-56023-446-3
1422:978-1-56023-446-3
1388:978-1-57230-714-8
1320:978-0-8160-4582-2
1138:(March 3, 2010).
1083:978-1-84409-187-4
979:978-1-56023-446-3
880:Los Angeles Times
815:978-0-8308-2846-3
796:Jones, Stanton L.
769:978-0-8308-1567-8
730:978-1-56023-446-3
533:978-0-7546-7741-3
464:978-0-231-12413-3
411:TalkRadioNews.com
270:Los Angeles Times
85:
84:
1550:
1498:
1497:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1193:. Archived from
1177:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:truthwinsout.org
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:truthwinsout.org
1094:
1088:
1087:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1002:
993:
984:
983:
956:
950:
949:
939:
928:
927:
925:
923:
914:. Archived from
903:
897:
896:
894:
892:
870:
853:
852:
850:
848:
839:. Archived from
836:Orlando Sentinel
826:
820:
819:
792:
781:
780:
778:
776:
746:
735:
734:
710:
697:
696:
694:
692:
687:on July 26, 2011
686:
679:
671:
665:
664:
662:
660:
655:on June 15, 2012
651:. Archived from
637:(July 9, 2001).
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
593:
584:
583:
581:
579:
573:
556:
547:
538:
537:
513:
502:
501:
499:
497:
478:
469:
468:
453:(2nd ed.).
442:
427:
426:
424:
422:
417:on July 16, 2011
403:
331:Being the Chosen
126:can be changed.
29:
22:
18:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1474:Besen, Wayne R.
1471:
1467:
1460:
1440:Besen, Wayne R.
1437:
1430:
1423:
1403:Besen, Wayne R.
1400:
1396:
1389:
1381:. p. 279.
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1178:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1066:
1062:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1000:
994:
987:
980:
972:. p. 189.
960:Besen, Wayne R.
957:
953:
940:
931:
921:
919:
904:
900:
890:
888:
871:
856:
846:
844:
827:
823:
816:
793:
784:
774:
772:
770:
747:
738:
731:
711:
700:
690:
688:
684:
677:
673:
672:
668:
658:
656:
632:
628:
618:
616:
614:
594:
587:
577:
575:
574:on May 23, 2012
571:
554:
548:
541:
534:
514:
505:
495:
493:
480:
479:
472:
465:
443:
430:
420:
418:
405:
404:
395:
391:
339:
304:and founder of
284:
265:
240:
212:
198:The Denver Post
150:pastor who was
140:
68:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1465:
1458:
1428:
1421:
1415:. p. 37.
1394:
1387:
1379:Guilford Press
1363:
1342:"The 14 Steps"
1333:
1319:
1299:
1269:
1238:
1208:
1165:
1148:Truth Wins Out
1127:
1110:Truth Wins Out
1089:
1082:
1076:. p. 51.
1074:Findhorn Press
1060:
1013:(2): 221β227.
985:
978:
951:
929:
898:
854:
821:
814:
808:. p. 64.
782:
768:
750:Jones, Stanton
736:
729:
698:
666:
635:Satcher, David
626:
612:
606:. p. 99.
585:
539:
532:
526:. p. 72.
503:
470:
463:
428:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
338:
335:
306:Truth Wins Out
283:
280:
264:
261:
239:
236:
211:
208:
139:
136:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
60:
59:
57:Houston, Texas
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1555:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
999:
992:
990:
981:
975:
971:
967:
966:
961:
955:
947:
946:
938:
936:
934:
917:
913:
909:
902:
886:
882:
881:
876:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
843:on 2012-11-05
842:
838:
837:
832:
825:
817:
811:
807:
803:
802:
797:
791:
789:
787:
771:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
745:
743:
741:
732:
726:
722:
718:
717:
709:
707:
705:
703:
683:
676:
670:
654:
650:
646:
645:
640:
636:
630:
615:
613:0-8093-2220-X
609:
605:
601:
600:
592:
590:
570:
566:
562:
561:
553:
546:
544:
535:
529:
525:
521:
520:
512:
510:
508:
491:
487:
483:
477:
475:
466:
460:
456:
452:
448:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
398:
393:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
293:
289:
279:
275:
272:
271:
263:Effectiveness
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:United States
207:
205:
200:
199:
192:
189:
185:
179:
177:
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
135:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
81:
80:www.ha-fs.org
78:
74:
70:
64:
58:
55:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1478:
1468:
1444:
1407:
1397:
1373:
1366:
1356:November 19,
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1345:
1336:
1326:November 10,
1324:. Retrieved
1309:
1302:
1292:November 21,
1290:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1251:
1241:
1231:November 10,
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1220:
1211:
1201:November 16,
1199:. Retrieved
1195:the original
1190:The Advocate
1188:
1158:November 19,
1156:. Retrieved
1143:
1136:Besen, Wayne
1130:
1120:November 19,
1118:. Retrieved
1105:
1098:Besen, Wayne
1092:
1069:
1063:
1049:cite journal
1038:. Retrieved
1010:
1004:
964:
954:
943:
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
911:
901:
891:November 18,
889:. Retrieved
878:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
834:
824:
800:
775:November 10,
773:. Retrieved
754:
715:
691:November 20,
689:. Retrieved
682:the original
669:
659:November 19,
657:. Retrieved
653:the original
642:
629:
619:November 18,
617:. Retrieved
598:
578:November 10,
576:. Retrieved
569:the original
564:
558:
518:
496:November 10,
494:. Retrieved
485:
450:
421:November 10,
419:. Retrieved
415:the original
410:
330:
322:
296:
285:
276:
268:
266:
241:
213:
210:Organization
196:
193:
187:
180:
173:
160:twelve steps
141:
128:
108:Jesus Christ
91:
87:
86:
1181:Love, Cindi
945:Denver Post
298:Wayne Besen
228:El Salvador
224:New Zealand
184:Ralph Blair
1507:Categories
1262:January 9,
1217:"Chapters"
1040:2018-10-26
922:8 February
847:January 9,
389:References
363:Homophobia
288:Cindi Love
206:violence.
204:homophobic
144:Colin Cook
67:Key people
1484:Routledge
1450:Routledge
1413:Routledge
1346:ha-fs.org
1221:ha-fs.org
970:Routledge
912:Fox19.com
721:Routledge
486:ha-fs.org
348:Ex-Ex-Gay
292:Soulforce
282:Criticism
162:from the
152:defrocked
120:Christian
1286:Archived
1256:Archived
1152:Archived
1114:Archived
1031:Archived
885:Archived
560:Spectrum
490:Archived
337:See also
315:cover-up
116:creation
94:) is an
50:Location
1027:8201058
238:Program
220:Germany
138:History
76:Website
42:Founder
34:Founded
1490:
1456:
1419:
1385:
1317:
1080:
1025:
976:
812:
766:
727:
610:
530:
482:"Home"
461:
188:Ex-Gay
96:ex-gay
1034:(PDF)
1001:(PDF)
685:(PDF)
678:(PDF)
572:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
358:GLAAD
1488:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1358:2010
1328:2010
1315:ISBN
1294:2010
1264:2011
1233:2010
1203:2010
1160:2010
1122:2010
1078:ISBN
1055:link
1023:PMID
974:ISBN
924:2011
893:2010
849:2011
810:ISBN
777:2010
764:ISBN
725:ISBN
693:2010
661:2010
621:2010
608:ISBN
580:2010
528:ISBN
498:2010
459:ISBN
423:2010
310:GLBT
255:and
226:and
37:1980
1015:doi
146:(a
1509::
1482:.
1448:.
1431:^
1411:.
1377:.
1344:.
1280:.
1250:.
1219:.
1187:.
1168:^
1150:.
1146:.
1142:.
1112:.
1108:.
1104:.
1072:.
1051:}}
1047:{{
1029:.
1021:.
1011:62
1009:.
1003:.
988:^
968:.
932:^
910:.
883:.
877:.
857:^
833:.
804:.
785:^
758:.
739:^
719:.
701:^
647:.
641:.
602:.
588:^
565:12
563:.
557:.
542:^
522:.
506:^
484:.
473:^
431:^
409:.
396:^
329:,
321::
222:,
218:,
92:HA
1496:.
1462:.
1425:.
1391:.
1360:.
1330:.
1296:.
1266:.
1235:.
1205:.
1162:.
1124:.
1086:.
1057:)
1043:.
1017::
982:.
948:.
926:.
895:.
851:.
818:.
779:.
733:.
695:.
663:.
623:.
582:.
536:.
500:.
467:.
425:.
90:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.