Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

1889: 399: 1251:, who had wept when she heard of General Gordon's death, now wept for the man who had vanquished Gordon, asking whether it had been really necessary for Kitchener to desecrate the Mahdi's tomb.The body of the Mahdi was disinterred and beheaded. This symbolic decapitation echoed General Gordon's death at the hands of the Mahdist forces in 1885. The headless body of the Mahdi was thrown into the Nile. Kitchener is sometimes claimed to have kept the Mahdī's skull and rumoured that he intended to use it as a drinking cup or ink well. Other historians state that he had the head buried unmarked in a Muslim cemetery. In a letter to his mother, Churchill wrote that the victory at Omdurman had been "disgraced by the inhuman slaughter of the wounded and ... Kitchener is responsible for this". There is no evidence that Kitchener ordered his men to shoot the wounded 1069: 2204:, Kitchener thought the transfer of German troops west and a possible invasion of Britain increasingly likely and told the War Council (14 May) that he was not willing to send the New Armies overseas. He wired French (16 May 1915) that he would send no more reinforcements to France until he was clear the German line could be broken but sent two divisions at the end of May to please Joffre, not because he thought a breakthrough possible. He had wanted to conserve his New Armies to strike a knockout blow in 1916–17, but by the summer of 1915 realised that high casualties and a major commitment to France were inescapable. "Unfortunately we have to make war as we must, and not as we should like" as he told the Dardanelles Committee on 20 August 1915. 8941: 1386: 2468: 2442: 1733: 1698: 1218:, serving as an army officer, wrote of what he saw: "A ragged line of men were coming on desperately, struggling forward in the face of the pitiless fire – black banners tossing and collapsing; white figures subsiding in dozens to the ground ... valiant men were struggling on through a hell of whistling metal, exploding shells, and spurting dust – suffering, despairing, dying". By about 8:30 am, much of the Dervish army was dead; Kitchener ordered his men to advance, fearing that the Khalifa might escape with what was left of his army to the fort of Omdurman, forcing Kitchener to lay siege to it. 9133: 3325: 3403: 2837: 3073:, discusses Kitchener's sexuality in a 2016 biography. While acknowledging Kitchener's "vestigial femininity" in collecting porcelain and organising dinner parties, plus emotional repression typical of his class and time, Faught concludes that the absolute absence of evidence either way leaves "an issue about which historians can say almost nothing useful". Biographer George H. Cassar argues that Kitchener's letters to his sister include evidence of heterosexual attraction and that if there were any credible evidence that Kitchener was homosexual, it would have been used by his many opponents during his lifetime. 2364:

and wanted to see a strong General Staff in London, but nonetheless valued Kitchener as a military voice against the "folly" of civilians such as Churchill. However, he thought Kitchener "pinched, tired, and much aged", and thought it sad that his mind was "losing its comprehension" as the time for decisive victory on the Western Front (as Haig and Robertson saw it) approached. Kitchener was somewhat doubtful of Haig's plan to win decisive victory in 1916, and would have preferred smaller and purely attritional attacks, but sided with Robertson in telling the Cabinet that the planned

1690:, who had originally lobbied for Kitchener's appointment, the two men eventually came into conflict. Curzon wrote to Kitchener advising him that signing himself "Kitchener of Khartoum" took up too much time and space – Kitchener commented on the pettiness of this (Curzon simply signed himself "Curzon" as a hereditary peer, although he later took to signing himself "Curzon of Kedleston"). They also clashed over the question of military administration, as Kitchener objected to the system whereby transport and logistics were controlled by a "Military Member" of the 87: 3395: 1446:, which had been conceived by Roberts as a form of control of the families whose farms he had destroyed, began to degenerate rapidly as the large influx of Boers outstripped the ability of the minuscule British force to cope. The camps lacked space, food, sanitation, medicine, and medical care, leading to rampant disease and a very high death rate for those Boers who entered. Eventually 26,370 women and children (81% were children) died in the concentration camps. The biggest critic of the camps was the English humanitarian and welfare worker 3331: 2302: 2107: 2826: 3316: 1811:. Kitchener assumed the role of Captain of the Escort, responsible for the personal protection of the royals during the coronation. In this capacity, Kitchener was also the Field Marshal, In Command of the Troops, and assumed command of the 55,000 British and imperial soldiers present in London. During the Coronation ceremony itself, Kitchener acted as Third Sword, one of the four swords tasked with guarding the monarch. Later, in November 1911, Kitchener hosted the King and Queen in 1210:, to write: "It was not alone the reverberation of the tread of horses and men's feet I heard and seemed to feel as well as hear, but a voiced continuous shouting and chanting-the Dervish invocation and battle challenge "Allah e Allah Rasool Allah el Mahdi!" they reiterated in vociferous rising measure, as they swept over the intervening ground". Kitchener had the ground carefully studied so that his officers would know the best angle of fire, and had his army open fire on the 9139: 8385: 675: 1706:

directly. In order to deal with the Military Member, a request had to be made through the Army Secretary, who reported to the Indian Government and had right of access to the Viceroy. There were even instances when the two separate bureaucracies produced different answers to a problem, with the Commander-in-Chief disagreeing with himself as Military Member. This became known as "the canonisation of duality". Kitchener's successor, General Sir Garrett

1901: 2946:, is on the cliff edge at Marwick Head (HY2325), near the spot where Kitchener died at sea. It is a square, crenellated stone tower with the inscription: "This tower was raised by the people of Orkney in memory of Field Marshal Earl Kitchener of Khartoum on that corner of his country which he had served so faithfully nearest to the place where he died on duty. He and his staff perished along with the officers and nearly all the men of HMS 1933: 8404: 2681: 1454: 1641: 2082:'s advice Kitchener dropped his intention of inspecting the BEF. French and Kitchener moved to a separate room, and no independent account of the meeting exists. After the meeting Kitchener telegraphed the Cabinet that the BEF would remain in the line, although taking care not to be outflanked, and told French to consider this "an instruction". French had a friendly exchange of letters with Joffre. 2321:

truth" and claimed that it was not until he left on a tour of inspection of Gallipoli and the Near East that Murray was able to inform the Cabinet that volunteering had fallen far below the level needed to maintain a BEF of 70 divisions, requiring the introduction of conscription. The Cabinet insisted on proper General Staff papers being presented in Kitchener's absence.

1498:-speaking people (the Boers) by force, and both Milner and the British government wanted to assert victory by forcing the Boers to sign a humiliating peace treaty; Kitchener wanted a more generous compromise peace treaty that would recognize certain rights for the Afrikaners and promise them future self-government. He even entertained a peace treaty proposed by 2123:

before the New Army divisions were deployed, as Germany had recently redeployed some divisions to the east and took the step of appealing to the Prime Minister, Asquith, over Kitchener's head, but Asquith refused to overrule Kitchener. This further damaged relations between French and Kitchener, who had travelled to France in September 1914 during the

1243:. Burleigh summed the general mood of the British troops: "At Last! Gordon has been avenged and justified. The dervishes have been overwhelming routed, Mahdism has been "smashed", while the Khalifa's capital of Omdurman has been stripped of its barbaric halo of sanctity and invulnerability. Kitchener promptly had 1694:. After what Curzon's most recent biographer described as "prolonged intrigue" and "deceitful methods", including correspondence which Kitchener asked the recipients to destroy after reading, the Commander-in-Chief won the crucial support of the government in London, and the Viceroy had no option but to resign. 1230:: "The collision was prodigious and for perhaps ten wonderful seconds, no man heeded his enemy. Terrified horses wedged in the crowd, bruised and shaken men, sprawling in heaps, struggle dazed and stupid, to their feet, panted and looked about them". The Lancers' onslaught carried them through the 12-men-deep 1784:, Kitchener obtained permission to refuse the Malta job. However, Morley could not be moved. This was perhaps in part because Kitchener was thought to be a Tory (the Liberals were in office at the time); perhaps due to a Curzon-inspired whispering campaign; but most importantly because Morley, who was a 2042:

Sir John French's orders from Kitchener were to cooperate with the French but not to take orders from them. Given that the tiny BEF (about 100,000 men, half of them serving regulars and half reservists) was Britain's only field army, Kitchener also instructed French to avoid undue losses and exposure

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of Khartoum rebuilt, instituted reforms which recognised Friday – the Muslim holy day – as the official day of rest, and guaranteed freedom of religion to all citizens of the Sudan. He attempted to prevent evangelical Christian missionaries from trying to convert Muslims

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The news of Kitchener's death was received with shock all over the British Empire. A man in Yorkshire committed suicide at the news; a sergeant on the Western Front was heard to exclaim "Now we've lost the war. Now we've lost the war"; and a nurse wrote home to her family that she knew Britain would

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Early in 1916 Kitchener visited Douglas Haig, newly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the BEF in France. Kitchener had been a key figure in the removal of Haig's predecessor Sir John French, with whom he had a poor relationship. Haig differed with Kitchener over the importance of Mediterranean efforts

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Fluent in Arabic, Kitchener preferred the company of the Egyptians over the British, and the company of no-one over the Egyptians, writing in 1884 that: "I have become such a solitary bird that I often think I were happier alone". Kitchener spoke Arabic so well that he was able to effortlessly adopt

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Gules, between three bustards close proper a chevron azure, cotised argent; (for augmentations) a pile or, thereon the British and Turkish flags in saltire proper, the staffs encircled by a mural crown gules inscribed “Khartoum” in letters of gold ; a chief argent, thereon a pale gules charged

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The great outstanding fact is that within eighteen months of the outbreak of the war, when he had found a people reliant on sea-power, and essentially non-military in their outlook, he had conceived and brought into being, completely equipped in every way, a national army capable of holding its own

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on 25 September 1896. Kitchener's cold personality and his tendency to drive his men hard made him widely disliked by his fellow officers. One officer wrote about Kitchener in September 1896: "He was always inclined to bully his own entourage, as some men are rude to their wives. He was inclined to

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was intimidated by Kitchener) to study the feasibility of any of these campaigns. These operations were certainly feasible but assumed a level of competence that the British armed forces proved unable to achieve at that time. Tactical incompetence in the Gallipoli campaign meant that even a fairly

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Later events proved Curzon was right in opposing Kitchener's attempts to concentrate all military decision-making power in his own office. Although the offices of Commander-in-Chief and Military Member were now held by a single individual, senior officers could approach only the Commander-in-Chief

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called a "mixed message", saying that mercy should be given, while at the same time saying "Remember Gordon" and that the enemy were all "murderers" of Gordon. The victory at Omdurman made Kitchener into a popular war hero, and gave him a reputation for efficiency and as a man who got things done.

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Dexter, a camel proper, bridle trappings and line pendent reflexed over the back gules, gorged with a collar or suspended therefrom an escutcheon paly bendy azure and ermine, a canton of the last charged with a portcullis gold; sinister, a gnu proper gorged with a collar or suspended therefrom an

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Kitchener and Asquith were agreed that Robertson should become CIGS, but Robertson refused to do this if Kitchener "continued to be his own CIGS", although given Kitchener's great prestige he did not want him to resign; he wanted the Secretary of State to be sidelined to an advisory role like the

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In January 1915, Field Marshal French, with the concurrence of other senior commanders (e.g. General Sir Douglas Haig), wanted the New Armies incorporated into existing divisions as battalions rather than sent out as entire divisions. French felt (wrongly) that the war would be over by the summer

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thought Kitchener's uniform tactless, but it had probably not occurred to him to change), but French felt that Kitchener was implying that he was his military superior and not simply a cabinet member. By the end of the year French thought that Kitchener had "gone mad" and his hostility had become

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who spoke fluent French, and despite his reputation for brusque rudeness was very diplomatic and tactful in his talks with Marchand; for example, congratulating him on his achievement in crossing the Sahara in an epic trek from Dakar to the Nile. In November 1898, the crisis ended when the French

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Kitchener was worried that, although his moustache was bleached white by the sun, his blond hair refused to turn grey, making it harder for Egyptians to take him seriously. His appearance added to his mystique: his long legs made him appear taller, whilst a cast in his eye made people feel he was

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in Paris. Kitchener agreed that Robertson alone should present strategic advice to the Cabinet, with Kitchener responsible for recruiting and supplying the Army, although he refused to agree that military orders should go out over Robertson's signature alone – it was agreed that the Secretary of

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line with the Lancers losing 71 dead and wounded while killing hundreds of the enemy. Following the annihilation of his army, the Khalifa ordered a retreat and early in the afternoon, Kitchener rode in triumph into Omdurman and immediately ordered that the thousands of Christians enslaved by the

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confirmed that Duquesne was "a German intelligence officer ... involved in a series of acts of sabotage against British shipping in South American waters during the war"; he was wanted for: "murder on the high seas, the sinking and burning of British ships, the burning of military stores,

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On 2 June 1916, Kitchener personally answered questions asked by politicians about his running of the war effort; at the start of hostilities Kitchener had ordered two million rifles from various US arms manufacturers. Only 480 of these rifles had arrived in the UK by 4 June 1916. The number of

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as a body, but instead gave them orders separately, and was usually exhausted by Friday. Kitchener was also keen to break up Territorial units whenever possible whilst ensuring that "No 'K' Division left the country incomplete". Murray wrote that "He seldom told the absolute truth and the whole

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After Omdurman, Kitchener opened a special sealed letter from Salisbury that told him that Salisbury's real reason for ordering the conquest of the Sudan was to prevent France from moving into the Sudan, and that the talk of "avenging Gordon" had been just a pretext. Salisbury's letter ordered

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to honour his memory. It was used to aid casualties of the war, both practically and financially; following the war's end, the fund was used to enable university educations for soldiers, ex-soldiers, their sons and their daughters, a function it continues to perform today. A Memorial Book of

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Viewing the battlefield from horseback on the hill at Jebel Surgham, Kitchener commented: "Well, we have given them a damn good dusting". As the British and Egyptians advanced in columns, the Khalifa attempted to outflank and encircle the columns; this led to desperate hand-to-hand fighting.

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Kitchener, believing Britain should husband her resources for a long war, decided at Cabinet (6 August) that the initial BEF would consist of only 4 infantry divisions (and 1 cavalry), not the 5 or 6 promised. His decision to hold back two of the six divisions of the BEF, although based on

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His mysterious death was the work neither of a German mine nor a German torpedo, but of the power which would not permit the Russian Army to recover with the help of Lord Kitchener because the destruction of Czarist Russia had been determined upon. Lord Kitchener's death was caused by his

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Kitchener was a lifelong bachelor. From his time in Egypt in 1892, he gathered around him a cadre of eager young and unmarried officers nicknamed "Kitchener's band of boys", who included his friend Captain Oswald Fitzgerald, his "constant and inseparable companion", whom he appointed his

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opinion, Kitchener correctly predicted a long war that would last at least three years, require huge new armies to defeat Germany, and cause huge casualties before the end would come. Kitchener stated that the conflict would plumb the depths of manpower "to the last million". A massive

2786:, for instance, notes that Kitchener consistently rose in ability as he was promoted. Some historians now praise his strategic vision in the First World War, especially his laying the groundwork for the expansion of munitions production and his central role in the raising of the 2526:

s route on the basis of a mis-reading of the weather forecast and ignoring (or not being aware of) recent intelligence and sightings of German U-boat activity in the vicinity of the amended route. Shortly before 7:30 pm that same day, while steaming for the Russian port of

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let off his spleen on those around him. He was often morose and silent for hours together ... he was even morbidly afraid of showing any feeling or enthusiasm, and he preferred to be misunderstood rather than be suspected of human feeling." Kitchener had served on the

2433:. Both Kitchener and the Russians were in favour of face to face talks, and a formal invitation from the Tsar was received on 14 May. Kitchener left London by train for Scotland on the evening of 4 June with a party of officials, military aides and personal servants. 2333: – recommended that Kitchener be appointed Viceroy of India ("where trouble was brewing") but not to the Middle East, where his strong personality would have led to that sideshow receiving too much attention and resources. Kitchener visited Rome and Athens, but 2212:(7 July, including Russian, Belgian, Serb and Italian delegates) agreed on coordinated offensives. However, Kitchener now came to support the upcoming Loos offensive. He travelled to France for talks with Joffre and Millerand (16 August). The French leaders believed 2134:

was a siege line that could not be breached, in the context of Cabinet discussions about amphibious landings on the Baltic or North Sea Coast, or against Turkey. In an effort to find a way to relieve pressure on the Western front, Kitchener proposed an invasion of

1450:. She published a prominent report that highlighted atrocities committed by Kitchener's soldiers and administration, creating considerable debate in London about the war. Kitchener blocked Hobhouse from returning to South Africa by invoking martial law provisions. 1104:

as it flowed into Egypt, and forcing the British out of Egypt; thus restoring Egypt to the place within the French sphere of influence that it had had prior to 1882. Salisbury feared that if the British did not conquer the Sudan, the French would. He had supported

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At an Anglo-French conference at Calais (6 July) Joffre and Kitchener, who was opposed to "too vigorous" offensives, reached a compromise on "local offensives on a vigorous scale", and Kitchener agreed to deploy New Army divisions to France. An inter-Allied

2063:(relayed via Bertie, the British Ambassador) and Kitchener had sent him messages urging him not to do so. Kitchener, authorised by a midnight meeting of whichever Cabinet Ministers could be found, left for France for a meeting with Sir John on 1 September. 1667:. Kitchener's plan "The Reorganisation and Redistribution of the Army in India" recommended preparing the Indian Army for any potential war by reducing the size of fixed garrisons and reorganising it into two armies, to be commanded by Generals Sir 2920:, were built with funds from public subscription following Kitchener's death. A small terrace of cottages, they are used to provide affordable rented accommodation for servicemen and women who have seen active service or their widows and widowers. 1155:

at Khartoum, and was convinced that the expedition failed because Wolseley had used boats coming up the Nile to bring his supplies. Kitchener wanted to build a railroad to supply the Anglo-Egyptian army, and assigned the task of constructing the

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in September 1898. After marching to the walls of Khartoum, he placed his army into a crescent shape with the Nile to the rear, together with the gunboats in support. This enabled him to bring overwhelming firepower against any attack of the

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Half-a-dozen local communities inscribed Kitchener's name on to the memorials they were already building to their own dead, alongside the names of ordinary soldiers and sailors who had answered his 1914 appeal for volunteers and would never

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It is hard to disagree with Ibbetson's explanation to Curzon that he had been sacrificed by a tottering Government frightened of 'the personal popularity of an unscrupulous intriguer; and you are going because you are honest, and he is

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earlier in 1914. Kitchener was in Britain on his annual summer leave, between 23 June and 3 August 1914, and had boarded a cross-Channel steamer to commence his return trip to Cairo when he was recalled to London to meet with Asquith.

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evaluation of Kitchener concluded: "A good brigadier, very ambitious, not popular, but has of late greatly improved in tact and manner ... a fine gallant soldier and good linguist and very successful in dealing with Orientals" .

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1st (of augmentation), issuant from a mural crown or an elephant’s head proper holding in the trunk a sword erect of the first ; 2nd, a stag’s head erased, the neck transfixed by an arrow proper between the attires a horseshoe

1290:) and informed Marchand that he and his men had to leave the Sudan at once, a request Merchand refused, leading to a tense stand-off as French and British soldiers aimed their weapons at each other. During what became known as the 1888: 2354:

in January 1916. Robertson was suspicious of efforts in the Balkans and Near East and was instead committed to major British offensives against Germany on the Western Front – the first of these was to be the Somme in 1916.

1953:, taken from a magazine front cover. It may have encouraged large numbers of volunteers, and has proven to be one of the most enduring images of the war, having been copied and parodied many times since. Kitchener built up the " 2293:

be seized for the sake of prestige then abandoned as logistically untenable. His advice was no longer accepted without question, but the British forces fell short of their objective and were eventually besieged and captured at

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Kitchener continued to lose favour with politicians and professional soldiers. He found it "repugnant and unnatural to have to discuss military secrets with a large number of gentlemen with whom he was but barely acquainted".

2173:.) As late as mid-October 1915, however, Kitchener told a parliamentary committee that withdrawal from the peninsula would be "the most disastrous event in the history of the empire". The eventual failure, combined with the 1327:

that the Franco-Russian alliance applied only to Europe, and that Russia would not go to war against Britain for the sake of an obscure fort in the Sudan in which no Russian interests were involved; and the possibility that

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win as long as Kitchener lived, and now that he was gone: "How awful it is – a far worse blow than many German victories. So long as he was with us we knew even if things were gloomy that his guiding hand was at the helm."

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Asquith, who told Robertson that Kitchener was "an impossible colleague" and "his veracity left much to be desired", hoped that he could be persuaded to remain in the region as Commander-in-Chief and acted in charge of the

7216: 1278:, the Sudan Machine". The shooting of the wounded at Omdurman, along with the desecration of the Mahdi's tomb, gave Kitchener a reputation for brutality that was to dog him for the rest of his life, and posthumously. 1961:

from what he had seen with the French Army in 1870. This may have been a mistaken judgement, as the British reservists of 1914 tended to be much younger and fitter than their French equivalents a generation earlier.

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in November 2023. An appeal by the hotel owner was rejected in February 2024. Kitchener had the house built in 1902. In 1925 the original house was demolished and in 2001 replaced by a hotel owned by the Oberoi

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agreed to withdraw from the Sudan. Several factors persuaded the French to back down. These included British naval superiority; the prospect of an Anglo-French war leading to the British gobbling up the entire

2889:, London, not normally open to visitors, was rededicated the Kitchener Memorial in 1925. The memorial is however clearly visible from the main entrance lobby. The recumbent white marble figure was designed by 2091: 1049:

in 1883 in the Italian-speaking La Concordia Lodge No. 1226, which met in Cairo. In November 1899 he was appointed the first District Grand Master of the District Grand Lodge of Egypt and the Sudan, under the

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Kitchener to head south as soon as possible to evict Marchand before he got a chance to become well-established on the Nile. On 18 September 1898, Kitchener arrived at the French fort at Fashoda (present day

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while requiring them to sign a perpetual treaty of alliance with the UK and grant major concessions to the British, such as equal language rights for English with Dutch in their countries, voting rights for

6392: 2177: – amidst press publicity engineered by Sir John French – dealt Kitchener's political reputation a heavy blow; Kitchener was popular with the public, so Asquith retained him in office in the new 398: 873:

The results of the survey were published in an eight-volume series, with Kitchener's contribution in the first three tomes (Conder and Kitchener 1881–1885). This survey has had a lasting effect on the

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would be unable to hold its ground against the Germans; Kitchener was proved right but given the belief in fortresses common at the time, it is not surprising that the War Council disagreed with him.

3385:(A chief argent, thereon a pale gules charged with a lion passant guardant or, between on the dexter side an eagle displayed sable, and on the sinister on a mount vert an orange tree fructed proper) 10260: 2423:

suggested that Kitchener head a special and confidential mission to Russia to discuss munition shortages, military strategy and financial difficulties with the Imperial Russian Government and the

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from Roberts several times during the early part of the war; in a despatch from March 1900 Roberts wrote how he was "greatly indebted to him for his counsel and cordial support on all occasions".

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movement, and his decorating his rose garden with four pairs of sculptured bronze boys. According to Hyam, "there is no evidence that he ever loved a woman"), Denis Judd and Frank Richardson.

7571:. Budge, Brian; Callister, Jude; Heath, Kevin; Hollinrake, Andrew; Grieve, Issy; Johnson, Keith; Kermode, Neil; Lowrey, Michael; Muir, Tom; Turton, Emily; Wade, Ben. Orkney Heritage Society. 10245: 10250: 10240: 3199: 721:

descent. His father had only recently sold his commission and bought land in Ireland, under the Encumbered Estates Act of 1849 designed to encourage investment into Ireland after the

636:, a Cabinet Minister. One of the few to foresee a long war, lasting for at least three years, and having the authority to act effectively on that perception, he organised the largest 1534:

Kitchener, who had been promoted to the substantive rank of general on 1 June 1902, was given a farewell reception at Cape Town on 23 June, and left for the United Kingdom in the SS

6084: 2316:(Chief of the Imperial General Staff) later recorded that Kitchener was "quite unfit for the position of secretary of state" and "impossible", claiming that he never assembled the 915:

In 1878, having completed the survey of western Palestine, Kitchener was sent to Cyprus to undertake a survey of that newly acquired British protectorate. He became vice-consul in

10375: 8356:". Wearne was not an impartial commentator, and his personal contempt for Kitchener is mentioned in the same quote. Later writers who made the case for his homosexuality include 1776:, even to the point of announcing the appointment in the newspapers. Kitchener pushed hard for the Viceroyalty, returning to London to lobby Cabinet ministers and the dying King 988:

boundary commission in July 1885. He became Governor of the Egyptian Provinces of Eastern Sudan and Red Sea Littoral (which in practice consisted of little more than the Port of

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from any direction, though with the disadvantage of having his men spread out thinly, with hardly any forces in reserve. Such an arrangement could have proven disastrous if the

1804:, was sympathetic to Kitchener but was unwilling to overrule Morley, who threatened resignation, so Kitchener was finally turned down for the post of Viceroy of India in 1911. 1365:. Later, as his legend had grown, he was able to be rude to the press, on one occasion in the Second Boer War bellowing: "Get out of my way, you drunken swabs". He was created 10355: 2752: – part of the former Prisoner of War camp from which Duquesne had escaped – after the First World War as the location of his home and business. 2329:, but Kitchener took his seals of office with him so he could not be sacked in his absence. Douglas Haig – at that time involved in intrigues to have Robertson appointed 3086:

Kitchener received numerous campaign and commemorative decorations from the British government, as well as several medals from allied nations. His other decorations included:

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along with massive British reinforcements in December 1899. Officially holding the title of chief of staff, he was in practice a second-in-command and was present at the

10265: 8929: 8843: 6419: 3324: 3125: 68: 8940: 10295: 6466: 10290: 6326: 2927:) in Chatham, Kent. The statue was erected in Khartoum in 1920. It was moved to the UK in 1959 after the independence of Sudan. It was unveiled at this site by the 2383:

shells supplied was no less paltry. Kitchener explained the efforts he had made to secure alternative supplies. He received a resounding vote of thanks from the 200

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Duquesne's unverified story was that he returned to Europe, posed as the Russian Duke Boris Zakrevsky in 1916, and joined Kitchener in Scotland. While on board HMS

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who was much influenced by the French), might have been tempted to advance further into the teeth of the advancing German forces, had his own force been stronger.

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and stated that he was looking forward to his three-week diplomatic mission to Russia as a break from domestic pressures. He then set out for Russia on board the

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in the spring of 1915 – one of the events leading to the formation of a coalition government – and stripped of his control over munitions and strategy.

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wrote in his diary: "It is indeed a heavy blow to me and a great loss to the nation and the allies." He ordered army officers to wear black armbands for a week.

1550:, drove in a procession through streets lined by military personnel from 70 different units and watched by thousands of people, and received a formal welcome at 10280: 8836: 5436: 10230: 2575:

remarked on first receiving the news of Kitchener's death via a German radio signal intercepted by the British Army, "How shall we get on without him". King

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to "forward movements where large numbers of French troops are not engaged" until Kitchener himself had had a chance to discuss the matter with the Cabinet.

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Kitchener's wish to concentrate further back at Amiens may also have been influenced by a largely accurate map of German dispositions which was published by

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with Kitchener, Duquesne claimed to have signalled a German submarine that then sank the cruiser, and was rescued by the submarine, later being awarded the

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Kitchener's great fame, the suddenness of his death, and its apparently convenient timing for a number of parties gave almost immediate rise to a number of

8689: 8120: 5550: 3576: 2078:). Huguet recorded that Kitchener was "calm, balanced, reflective" whilst Sir John was "sour, impetuous, with congested face, sullen and ill-tempered". On 2035:, Wilson and the French liaison officer Victor Huguet, before being overruled by the Prime Minister, who eventually agreed that the BEF should assemble at 1479:

policy", as his forces razed homesteads, poisoned wells and implemented concentration camps, as well as turned women and children into targets in the war.

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as its centrepiece – and not simply for the children of the local elites, for children from anywhere could apply to study. He ordered the

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with a lion passant guardant or, between on the dexter side an eagle displayed sable, and on the sinister on a mount vert an orange tree fructed proper.

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French had been particularly angry that Kitchener had arrived wearing his field marshal's uniform. This was how Kitchener normally dressed at the time (

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and the other Boer leaders, although he knew the British government would reject the offer; their proposal would have maintained the sovereignty of the

10275: 10205: 1946: 726: 9052: 6030: 5522: 1711: 903:

The survey itself effectively delineated and defined the political borders of the southern Levant. For example, the modern border between Israel and

5779: 5745: 9308: 5657: 1081: 163: 10325: 2591:, is said to have remarked that "as for the old man, he could not have done better than to have gone down, as he was a great impediment lately". 1687: 1298:; however, at Fashoda itself, despite the stand-off with the French, Kitchener established cordial relations with Marchand. They agreed that the 614: 9112: 8886: 2379:. The French refused to bring troops home from Salonika, which Kitchener thought a play for the increase of French power in the Mediterranean. 10400: 10380: 10285: 10190: 6512: 6278: 3203: 6080: 4195: 2723:

for his efforts. Duquesne was later apprehended and tried by the authorities in the U.S. for insurance fraud, but managed to escape again.

10395: 3219: 2646:) of Germany's war effort stated in the 1920s that Russian anti-Tsarists had betrayed the plan to visit the Russians to the German command: 2556:

at 737. Only twelve men survived. Among the dead were all ten members of Kitchener's entourage. Kitchener himself was seen standing on the

2079: 2408:

In the midst of his other political and military concerns, Kitchener had devoted personal attention to the deteriorating situation on the

2228:

speculated that this was why he allowed himself to be persuaded by Joffre. New Army divisions first saw action at Loos in September 1915.

1998:, where it could deliver a vigorous counterattack once the route of German advance was known. Kitchener argued that the deployment of the 942:

Egypt had recently become a British puppet state, its army led by British officers, although still nominally under the sovereignty of the

9017: 8592: 3106: 3094: 2095: 1336: 769: 257: 56: 8437: 4441: 10270: 10195: 9170: 6713: 3062:(1888–1896). They remained close until they died together on their voyage to Russia. Rumour occasionally circulated that Kitchener was 1486:

ending the war was signed in May 1902 following a tense six months. During this period Kitchener struggled against the Governor of the

1294:, Britain and France almost went to war with each other. The Fashoda Incident caused much jingoism and chauvinism on both sides of the 666:, Scotland, and sank. Kitchener was among 737 who died; he was the highest-ranking British officer to die in action in the entire war. 8530: 10200: 9062: 6004: 3383:

was awarded after having received the title of Baron Kitchener after his efforts in the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan; the second

1999: 1109:'s ambitions to conquer Ethiopia in the hope that the Italians would keep the French out of Ethiopia. The Italian attempt to conquer 17: 8118:

Hodson, Yolande (1997). "Kitchener, Horatio Herbert In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East Ed. Eric M. Meyers".

1339:

in September 1898, and began a programme of restoring good governance. The programme had a strong foundation, based on education at

8899: 8518: 5956: 2278: 928: 746: 8352:

representative in Peking, remarked in 1909 that Kitchener had the "failing acquired by most of the Egyptian officers, a taste for

1721:

in 1905 to honour the Prince and Princess of Wales's visit to India. That same year Kitchener founded the Indian Staff College at

10360: 10340: 8975: 2249:(18 August 1915) that he thought Kitchener a "slippery fish". By autumn 1915, with Asquith's Coalition close to breaking up over 10235: 9200: 9165: 2677:. The box was found to contain only tar for weight. There was widespread public outrage at Power, but he was never prosecuted. 1148: 729:; he astonished the estate's owners by recalling the Irish names of many of the fields. Although sometimes labeled by military 6184: 2673:. At this point, however, the authorities intervened, and the coffin was opened in the presence of police and a distinguished 8752: 8463: 8423: 6639: 6133: 5069: 4737: 4510: 4286: 2384: 2258: 2140: 1524: 947: 7706:

Canadians on the Nile, 1882–1898: Being the Adventures of the Voyageurs on the Khartoum Relief Expedition and Other Exploits

7328: 10365: 10315: 9301: 9230: 9072: 9067: 9037: 8552: 8456: 8169: 6360:"A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 5 Part 1 – Arundel Rape (south-western part including Arundel). Eastergate" 3995: 3463: 2155:'s railway network – its capture would have cut the empire in two. Yet he was instead eventually persuaded to support 1917: 1612:

believed to be a Boer sympathiser, all allegedly under orders approved by Kitchener. The celebrated horseman and bush poet

1438:

on 12 December 1900. He subsequently inherited and expanded the successful strategies devised by Roberts to force the Boer

1077: 6336: 9880: 9245: 9190: 9185: 9117: 9082: 8793: 8713: 8682: 8076: 7485: 5710: 3066:, and after his death a number of biographers suggested or hinted that he might have been a latent or active homosexual. 2848:

As a British soldier who was lost at sea in the First World War and has no known grave, Kitchener is commemorated on the

2330: 1461: 1431: 1402: 1142:

in June 1896 and the Battle of Hafir in September 1896, earning him national fame in the United Kingdom and promotion to

587: 250: 950:. Kitchener became second-in-command of an Egyptian cavalry regiment in February 1883, and then took part in the failed 896:

The data compiled by Conder and Kitchener are still consulted by archaeologists and geographers working in the southern

10385: 10370: 10109: 8968: 8309: 8267: 8248: 8156: 8033: 8010: 7946: 7927: 7860: 7799: 7778: 7756: 7734: 7715: 7673: 7595: 7576: 7557: 7535: 7516: 7456: 7416: 7397: 7376: 7357: 7317: 7243: 6584: 5873: 5215: 5190: 2849: 2250: 2238: 1847: 1788:

and thus suspicious of imperialism, felt it inappropriate, after the recent grant of limited self-government under the

1729:), where his portrait still hangs. His term of office as Commander-in-Chief, India, was extended by two years in 1907. 1726: 1491: 1068: 4886: 1827:

In June 1911 Kitchener then returned to Egypt as British Agent and Consul-General in Egypt during the formal reign of

1027:

looking right through them. Kitchener, at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), towered over most of his contemporaries.

10310: 9270: 9260: 9087: 7074: 6677: 3289: 3175: 3100: 3014: 2977: 1958: 1793: 1030: 52: 48: 1982:

later wrote of Kitchener "he hated organisations; he smashed organisations ... he was a Master of Expedients".

557:

officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his involvement in the

10185: 9160: 3678: 3419: 2491: 2345:. Asquith asked them to negotiate an agreement, which they did over the exchange of several draft documents at the 1966: 1063: 792: 761: 1385: 1239:

were now all free people. Kitchener lost fewer than 500 men while killing about 11,000 and wounding 17,000 of the

10390: 10180: 9294: 9180: 9155: 9122: 8623: 5753: 3431: 2782:

Since 1970, the opening of new records has led historians to rehabilitate Kitchener's reputation to some extent.

2776: 2388: 2241:

complained that he would either lapse into "obstinacy and silence" or else mull aloud over various difficulties.

1808: 1628:

on 27 February 1902. Their death warrants were personally signed by Kitchener. He reprieved a third soldier, Lt.

1591: 5560: 2619:, and a Jewish conspiracy. Churchill successfully sued Douglas in what proved to be the last successful case of 2163:

in 1915–1916. (Churchill's responsibility for the failure of this campaign is debated; for more information see

1019:

1888–92 before moving to the position of Adjutant-General of the Egyptian Army in December of the same year and

10345: 10220: 10215: 9225: 9097: 9047: 9032: 9022: 9012: 8802: 8286: 8191: 8129: 7982: 7908: 7882: 7839: 7820: 7692: 7497: 7475: 7338: 7294: 5896: 5848: 5823: 5633: 3233: 3165: 3040: 3003: 2011: 1979: 1745: 1691: 1270:

that "He is more like a machine than a man. You feel that he ought to be patented and shown with pride at the

698:, son of army officer Henry Horatio Kitchener (1805–1894) and Frances Anne Chevallier (1826–1864); daughter of 515: 448: 76: 36: 8482: 2387:(MPs) who had arrived to question him, both for his candour and for his efforts to keep the troops armed; Sir 1037:

British ruler of Egypt, thought Kitchener "the most able (soldier) I have come across in my time". In 1890, a

8770: 8762: 6253: 5711:"'Paralytic' Flees from Prison Ward; Captain Fritz Duquesne, Who Feigned Helplessness, Escapes from Bellevue" 3295: 3226: 2867: 1941: 1843: 1271: 1051: 725:. In later life Kitchener only once revisited his childhood home, in the summer of 1910 at the invitation of 5483: 2441: 10300: 9730: 8904: 7653: 6210: 5780:"Personals: Marriage of Captain H.H. Kitchener, RE, and Esther Bluck of Bermuda. £20,000 legacy from uncle" 2744:. Coincidentally, Kitchener's brother was to die in office in Bermuda in 1912, and his nephew, Major H.H. 2266: 2253:, he was blamed for his opposition to that measure (which would eventually be introduced for single men in 1761: 1732: 205: 60: 5757: 2022: 1701:

A portrait of Field Marshal Kitchener in full dress uniform taken shortly after being promoted to the rank

870:. The survey collected data on the topography and toponymy of the area, as well as local flora and fauna. 10330: 10305: 9526: 8452: 8415: 7875:

Digging for God and Country: Exploration, Archaeology and the Secret Struggle for the Holy Land 1799–1917

7766: 2749: 2572: 2467: 2417: 2409: 2221: 2131: 2002:

in Belgium would result in having to retreat and abandon much of its supplies almost immediately, as the

1991: 1659:, and arrived there to take up the position in November, in time to be in charge during the January 1903 1443: 863: 641: 599: 5789: 5661: 5582: 1850:"that if they imagined that he was going to command the Army in France he would see them damned first". 8657: 3070: 2928: 2692: 2190: 2178: 2151:

troops. Alexandretta was an area with a large Christian population and was the strategic centre of the

2055:, was considering withdrawing his forces from the Allied line. By 31 August, French commander-in-chief 1913: 1697: 1600:

In the Breaker Morant case, five Australian officers and one English officer of an irregular unit, the

1494:), and against the British government. Milner was a hard-line conservative and wanted to Anglicise the 1247:

blown up to prevent it from becoming a rallying point for his supporters, and had his bones scattered.

828: 699: 633: 101: 3495: 2224:). The Official History later admitted that Kitchener hoped to be appointed Supreme Allied Commander. 1125:, Salisbury ordered Kitchener to invade northern Sudan, ostensibly for the purpose of distracting the 10335: 10320: 8991: 8730: 8720: 7282: 7196: 2560:

during the approximately twenty minutes that it took the ship to sink. His body was never recovered.

2342: 2254: 2124: 1656: 1621: 1389:

Duffus Bros, platinum print/NPG P403. Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, 1901

611: 603: 458: 4728:

Gilmour, David (2002). "Ch 20 "Kitchener's Conspiracy", & Ch 21 "The Breaking of the Viceroy"".

4653: 2699:

soldier and spy, claimed that he had assassinated Kitchener after an earlier attempt to kill him in

2337:

warned that he would likely demand the diversion of British troops to fight the Turks in the Sinai.

1792:, for a serving soldier to be Viceroy (in the event, no serving soldier was appointed Viceroy until 1562:, but wanted to meet the general on his arrival and to personally bestow on him the insignia of the 1538:

on the same day. He received an enthusiastic welcome on his arrival the following month. Landing in

1113:, however, was going very badly by early 1896, and ended with the Italians being annihilated at the 10210: 8061:

Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of Topography, Orography, Hydrography and Archaeology (3 vols)

7634: 4178: 3456: 3007: 2794: 2392: 2375:(29 March 1916) for the British to attack on the Western Front to help relieve the pressure of the 2169: 2075: 2010:

exaggerated concerns about German invasion of Britain, arguably saved the BEF from disaster as Sir

1950: 1893: 1789: 1435: 1430:

forces, Kitchener succeeded Roberts as overall commander in November 1900. He was also promoted to

1016: 1004: 745:), Kitchener did not regard himself as such and was known to quote the saying misattributed to the 598:

forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer and African civilians in

8046: 6811: 6695: 6359: 6282: 2031:

on the morning of 12 August. Kitchener had a three-hour meeting (12 August) with Sir John French,

640:

that Britain had seen, and oversaw a significant expansion of materiel production to fight on the

8360:, Ronald Hyam (who commented on his avoidance of interviews with women, his keen interest in the 8096: 7200: 6364: 3422:– a reconquest of territory lost by the Khedives of Egypt in 1884 and 1885 during the Mahdist War 3402: 2587: 2213: 1785: 1420: 1340: 1157: 795:, the commander-in-chief, as his service in France had violated British neutrality. He served in 742: 583: 9132: 8828: 644:. Despite having warned of the difficulty of provisioning for a long war, he was blamed for the 10225: 8584: 8365: 8345: 6883: 6370: 5811: 2970: 2886: 2761: 2685: 2670: 2639: 2350:

State should continue to sign orders jointly with the CIGS. The agreement was formalised in an

2220:

to proceed, despite the attack being on ground not favoured by French or Haig (then commanding

1718: 1710:, was nicknamed "no More K", and concentrated on establishing good relations with the Viceroy, 1543: 1503: 1316: 1193: 1093: 1008: 836: 714: 280: 4179:"Viewing Violence in the British Empire: Images of Atrocity from the Battle of Omdurman, 1898" 9195: 9077: 8999: 8372:

said that Magnus later said "I know I've got the man wrong, too many people have told me so."

8369: 7389:

Aaronsohn's Maps: The Untold Story of the Man Who Might Have Created Peace in the Middle East

6257: 6166: 4445: 3154: 2836: 2430: 2413: 2270: 2209: 1773: 1769: 1483: 1324: 1152: 1085: 955: 659: 7047: 6973: 6955: 6937: 6919: 6901: 6865: 6829: 6793: 6775: 6757: 6739: 6717: 4602: 4549: 4423: 4405: 4366: 4348: 4056: 3889: 3871: 3830: 3812: 3794: 3722: 3192:

Honorary Colonel, Scottish Command Telegraph Companies (Army Troops, Royal Engineers) – 1898

2923:

A statue of Kitchener mounted on his favourite charger, Democrat, is on Khartoum Road (near

10175: 10170: 9107: 9102: 8860: 8616: 8606: 8596: 8570: 8053: 8021: 7870: 7253: 6847: 5784: 4667: 4527: 4384: 4212: 3025: 2905: 2748:

Kitchener, who had married a Bermudian, purchased (with a legacy left to him by his uncle)

2513: 2499: 2446: 2246: 2174: 1601: 1551: 1416: 1200:, marching under their black banners inscribed with Koranic quotations in Arabic; this led 959: 652: 645: 355: 304: 39: 6008: 3740: 3656: 3344: 2623:

in British legal history, and the latter spent six months in prison. Another claimed that

1846:

that he expected the Germans to walk through the French "like partridges" and he informed

1214:

first with artillery, then machine guns and finally rifles as the enemy advanced. A young

1023:(Commander-in-Chief) of the Egyptian Army with the local rank of brigadier in April 1892. 8: 9205: 8494: 8443: 7605: 6331: 6111: 3437: 2853: 2787: 2712:

warehouses, coaling stations, conspiracy, and the falsification of Admiralty documents".

2665:

newspaper that Kitchener's body had been found by a Norwegian fisherman. Power brought a

2643: 2604: 2365: 2317: 2186: 2148: 2071: 2052: 2015: 1954: 1664: 1579: 1412: 1407: 1244: 1206: 816: 765: 637: 479: 9042: 7658: 5960: 3151:

first class – 7 December 1896 (second class – 30 April 1894; third class – 11 June 1885)

2707:

in Cape Town and sent to the penal colony of Bermuda, but managed to escape to the U.S.

2060: 1255:

on the field of Omdurman, but he did give before the battle what the British journalist

9027: 8919: 8667: 8633: 8506: 8357: 8180: 8000: 7897: 7647: 7545: 7428: 7306: 6714:"Page 626 | Issue 12366, 23 June 1911 | Edinburgh Gazette | The Gazette" 6106: 5715: 4672: 4641: 3661: 3449: 2939: 2932: 2841: 2772: 2282: 2225: 2182: 2160: 2144: 2051:

The BEF commander in France, Sir John French, concerned at heavy British losses at the

1172: 981: 890: 800: 796: 734: 618: 569: 224: 198: 156: 8100: 6643: 6601: 86: 9680: 9275: 9255: 9215: 9007: 8914: 8305: 8282: 8263: 8244: 8227: 8220: 8206: 8187: 8152: 8125: 8106: 8084: 8064: 8029: 8006: 7978: 7961: 7942: 7923: 7904: 7878: 7856: 7850: 7835: 7816: 7810: 7795: 7789: 7774: 7752: 7730: 7711: 7688: 7669: 7591: 7572: 7553: 7531: 7512: 7493: 7471: 7452: 7435: 7412: 7393: 7387: 7372: 7353: 7334: 7313: 7290: 7270: 7239: 7070: 6580: 6160: 5869: 5844: 5819: 5720: 5639: 5629: 5527: 5211: 5186: 5065: 4733: 4506: 3179: 3144: 2904:

A month after his death, the Lord Kitchener National Memorial Fund was set up by the

2898: 2809: 2740: 2628: 2616: 2612: 2600: 2506: 2156: 1916:; Asquith had been filling the job himself as a stopgap following the resignation of 1707: 1679: 1507: 1442:

to submit, including concentration camps and the burning of farms. Conditions in the

1215: 974: 781: 764:. Pro-French and eager to see action, he joined a French field ambulance unit in the 6081:"Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome" 3394: 2764:

in London, near the main entrance, where a memorial service was held in his honour.

2301: 2281:

were critical of Kitchener's failure to ask the Imperial General Staff (whose chief

9902: 9240: 9175: 8876: 8389: 8361: 8042: 5437:"An Irishman's Diary on the death of Lord Kitchener, the personification of empire" 4769: 3581: 3367:

escutcheon ermine charged with a chevron engrailed vert thereon four horseshoes or.

3021: 2943: 2830: 2727: 2635: 2627:

did not strike a mine at all, but was sunk by explosives secreted in the vessel by

2510: 2420: 2376: 2351: 2346: 2334: 2313: 2306: 2274: 2032: 1921: 1797: 1781: 1757: 1683: 1648: 1608:

for summarily executing twelve Boer prisoners, and also for the murder of a German

1291: 1168: 1139: 1110: 1106: 1015:

in August 1889. At the beginning of 1890 he was appointed Inspector General of the

844: 812: 811:, and prepared detailed topographical maps of the areas. His brother, Lt. Gen. Sir 524: 386: 373: 299: 8420: 8139: 6137: 4290: 3593: 935:(major), and dispatched to Egypt, where he took part in the reconstruction of the 662:

when in bad weather the ship struck a German mine 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of

9946: 8891: 8703: 8448: 8427: 7744: 7704: 7550:

The Other Love: An Historical and Contemporary Survey of Homosexuality in Britain

6444: 5555: 5488: 5441: 4500: 4233: 4228: 3169: 2954: 2783: 2372: 2201: 1909: 1520: 1472: 1465: 1394: 1374: 1351:

At this stage of his career Kitchener was keen to exploit the press, cultivating

1295: 1201: 1122: 1114: 1012: 951: 840: 808: 788: 629: 580: 562: 558: 491: 487: 186: 6495:"In ownership battle for Shimla's Wildflower Hall, Himachal triumphs vs Oberois" 4003: 2067: 9250: 9220: 9092: 8813: 8783: 7108: 5466: 3585: 3425: 3158: 3148: 3113: 3059: 2996: 2966: 2771:, named in respect to a large German immigrant settler population, was renamed 2661: 2620: 2549: 2532: 2484: 2453: 2395:

against Kitchener's running of the War Office, personally seconded the motion.

2217: 2197: 2152: 2106: 2086: 1855: 1828: 1617: 1613: 1595: 1563: 1476: 1457: 1447: 1352: 1299: 1261: 1248: 1161: 1089: 997: 882: 804: 591: 586:. As Chief of Staff (1900–1902) in the Second Boer War he played a key role in 237: 209: 1936:

Postcard of Kitchener from WW1 period. The picture shows him as a younger man.

10164: 8909: 8650: 8059:

Conder, C. R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1881–1885). E. H. Palmer; W. Besant (eds.).

7892: 7630: 6420:"Your country needs you: Kitchener's memorial cross in 1916 ... and now" 6393:"The first coin in a five-year series – a journey from outbreak to armistice" 5724: 5643: 3443: 3275: 3063: 3020:

A memorial tree was dedicated to Kitchener a month after his death along the

2985: 2917: 2910: 2814: 2799: 2704: 2242: 2164: 2056: 1839: 1801: 1629: 1605: 1329: 1307: 1143: 1126: 1118: 936: 285: 144: 8960: 5919:"June 28, 1916: Exactly 346 people voted for Berlin to be renamed Kitchener" 3315: 2416:, which had been under increasing pressure since mid-1915. In May 1916, the 2136: 9265: 9057: 8297: 8068: 7639: 7622: 6304: 6231: 6206: 5183:

Too Important For the Generals: How Britain Nearly Lost The First World War

3240: 3195:

Honorary Colonel, East Anglian Divisional Engineers, Royal Engineers – 1901

3055: 2924: 2863: 2568: 2295: 2003: 1860: 1816: 1668: 1660: 1559: 1398: 1223: 1100:

in March 1896 with the aim of conquering the Sudan, seizing control of the

977: 867: 722: 691: 554: 430: 338: 8332:

Originally quoted from Vera Weizmann Diaries, 13 July 1916 in her memoirs

2825: 2760:

Kitchener is officially remembered in a chapel on the northwest corner of

2429:(military high command), which was now under the personal command of Tsar 2412:. This included the provision of extensive stocks of war material for the 1974:

against the armies of the greatest military Power the world had ever seen.

1542:

on 12 July, he was greeted by the corporation, who presented him with the

749:

that "a man may be born in a stable, but that does not make him a horse".

9286: 9235: 9147: 9138: 8149:

Kitchener's Sword-arm: Life and Campaigns of General Sir Archibald Hunter

3254: 3209: 2981: 2893:. The figure, plus the statues of Saint George and Saint Michael and the 2890: 2875: 2871: 2857: 2797:", remains recognised and parodied in popular culture. In the 1972 movie 2790:, providing a force capable of meeting Britain's continental commitment. 2674: 2611:

fame), positing a connection between Kitchener's death, the recent naval

2608: 2582: 2557: 2528: 2495: 2181:, but responsibility for munitions was moved to a new ministry headed by 1765: 1753: 1672: 1644: 1539: 1516: 1499: 1487: 1320: 1311: 1046: 874: 753: 577: 483: 8124:(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 300–301. 5982: 3128:(GCMG) – 29 November 1900 (KCMG – 12 February 1894; CMG – 6 August 1886) 3010:), perhaps one of the first memorials of the First World War in England. 1900: 1558:, who was confined to his room recovering from his recent operation for 1117:

in March 1896. In March 1896, with the Italians visibly failing and the

27:

Irish officer and colonial administrator in the British Army (1850–1916)

8231: 8210: 8110: 8088: 7965: 7439: 7274: 7258:

Soldier True: The Life and Times of Field-Marshal Sir William Robertson

6065: 3109:(GCB) – 15 November 1898 (KCB – 17 November 1896; CB – 8 November 1889) 2992: 2958: 2879: 2804: 2720: 2480: 2460: 2391:, who, a week before, had introduced the failed vote of censure in the 2326: 1777: 1609: 1575: 1555: 1512: 1357: 1303: 1266: 1256: 1038: 730: 674: 6467:"State's oldest Avenue of Honour sits isolated, a symbol of the times" 6051: 2680: 1523:. During Kitchener's posting in South Africa, Kitchener became acting 606:(1902–1909) of the Army in India saw him quarrel with another eminent 8924: 8881: 3282: 3268: 2700: 2476: 2257:) and for the excessive influence which civilians like Churchill and 2027: 1812: 1749: 1625: 1495: 1439: 996:

the same year, and led his forces in action against the followers of

832: 773: 607: 8394: 7067:

Won by the Spade: How the Royal New Zealand Engineers Built a Nation

3434:– a clothing boutique which achieved fame in 1960s "Swinging London" 737:(a group which provided a disproportionate number of senior British 594:, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief – by which time 8398: 2731: 2576: 2216:(Warsaw had fallen on 4 August). Kitchener (19 August) ordered the 2036: 1990:

At the War Council (5 August) Kitchener and Lieutenant General Sir

1867: 1571: 1547: 1370: 1197: 985: 932: 916: 757: 738: 718: 687: 122: 7610:(42 ed.). Kelly's. 1916. p. 874 – via archive.org. 6513:"Shimla's Historic Wildflower Hall Taken Over By State Government" 3200:

5th (7th Royal Lancashire Militia) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers

3028:

and remains today while the surrounding township no longer exists.

1932: 8858: 8410: 8353: 8349: 6471: 5590: 5236: 3452: – Canadian city renamed from Berlin after Kitchener's death 3379:

The coat of arms displays two Augmentations of honour; the first

3261: 2935:. The statue was designed by the Hull born sculptor Sydney March. 2793:

His commanding image, appearing on recruiting posters demanding "

2768: 2738:

in what became the biggest roundup of spies in U.S. history: the

2544: 2290: 1832: 1287: 1132: 967: 943: 908: 904: 856: 848: 777: 710: 695: 683: 334: 10261:

Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers

7958:

The man who killed Kitchener; the life of Fritz Joubert Duquesne

7588:

Empire: The British Imperial Experience from 1765 to the Present

4567:"Latest intelligence – The Peace, Lord Kitchener at Cape Town". 3069:

Professor C. Brad Faught, chair of the Department of History at

2909:

tributes and remembrances from Kitchener's peers, edited by Sir

1464:

as a result of Kitchener's counterinsurgency tactics during the

8559: 8449:

Newspaper clippings about Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

7626: 6252: 5660:. London, UK: The National Archives. April 2014. Archived from 3693: 3691: 3689: 3036: 2962: 2666: 2656: 2445:

One of the last photographs taken of Kitchener. He is boarding

2425: 1995: 1912:, the prime minister, Asquith, quickly had Kitchener appointed 1904:

Young men besieging the recruiting offices in Whitehall, London

1722: 1453: 1344: 1020: 989: 897: 886: 663: 468: 362: 7727:

Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War

7007:

Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima

5208:

The First Iraq War, 1914–1918: Britain's Mesopotamian Campaign

5162: 5017: 3440:– an all-volunteer army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 2289:

Kitchener advised the Dardanelles Committee (21 October) that

1640: 1332:

might take advantage of an Anglo-French war to strike France.

1072:

Kitchener, Commander of the Egyptian Army (centre right), 1898

847:; between 1874 and 1877 they surveyed Palestine, returning to 702:, a clergyman, of Aspall Hall, and his third wife, Elizabeth ( 545: 10140: 5400: 5398: 3035:

After a Court decision Kitchener's house, Wildflower Hall in

2894: 1283: 1185: 1097: 993: 852: 573: 536: 10246:

Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

5415: 5413: 5296: 5138: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4838:. London: W. H. Allen & Company Limited. pp. 87–88. 3686: 3161:

first class – 18 November 1893 (second class – 18 June 1888)

2999:

in 2014 featuring Kitchener's "Call to Arms" on the reverse.

7607:

Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes

4823:. London: W. H. Allen & Company Limited. pp. 3–59. 4802: 4800: 4798: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4252: 4196:"21 February 1899: Treatment of the Mahdi's body condemned" 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3126:

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

2696: 2535: 1427: 1188:

line. At about 5 a.m. on 2 September 1898, a huge force of

1101: 1000:

at Handub in January 1888, when he was injured in the jaw.

595: 8432: 7618:

Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage

7569:

HMS Hampshire: a Century of Myths and Mysteries Unravelled

6620: 6134:"The History of the Lord Kitchener National Memorial Fund" 5626:

Counterfeit hero : Fritz Duquesne, adventurer and spy

5395: 5126: 5102: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3476: 678:

Kitchener on his mother's lap, with his brother and sister

651:

On 5 June 1916, Kitchener was making his way to Russia on

10251:

Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

10241:

Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India

7030: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 6579:. Sydney, Australia: Angus & Robertson. p. 200. 6528: 6526: 5693: 5691: 5503: 5410: 5368: 5114: 5005: 4981: 4904: 3446:– a type of sweet pastry made and sold in South Australia 2735: 2708: 2552:. Recent research has set the death toll of those aboard 1582:

and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk, on 28 July 1902.

539: 533: 7616: 6658: 6608: 6558: 6556: 5937: 5308: 5284: 5248: 5224: 5078: 5041: 4795: 4704: 4264: 4115: 4103: 3951: 3841: 3132:

Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

3120:

Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India

2371:

Kitchener was under pressure from French Prime Minister

2127:

to order French to resume his place in the Allied line.

866:

because it was largely confined to the area west of the

10376:

Members of the Council of the Governor General of India

8386:

Works by or about Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

7094:. No. 36880. London. 23 September 1902. p. 5. 6543: 6541: 5810: 5658:"Records of the Security Service; 1915–1918; KV 2/1953" 5605: 5272: 5260: 5150: 5029: 4750: 4613: 4281: 4279: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4132: 4130: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 3703: 3637: 3612: 2542:

struck a mine laid by the newly launched German U-boat

2185:. He was a sceptic about the tank, which is why it was 8531:"Field Marshal The 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, KG" 7013: 6523: 6107:"War Memorials Register: Field Marshal Earl Kitchener" 5688: 5385: 5383: 5356: 5344: 5332: 5060:

Gilmour, David (2002). "Ch 27 - In Search of a Rôle".

4933: 4842: 4211:

Nicoll, Fergus and Nusairi, Osman (last updated 2020)

3939: 3927: 3308:

Coat of arms of Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

1870:

and coined the phrase "once a Scout, always a Scout".

1819:

to assume the titles of Emperor and Empress of India.

1815:, Egypt while they were on their way to India for the 1415:

before leading an unsuccessful frontal assault at the

862:

Conder and Kitchener's expedition became known as the

617:, who eventually resigned. Kitchener then returned to 10356:

Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria

8083:. Edinburgh: Blackwood & Sons. pp. 185–250. 7155:. No. 36897. London. 13 October 1902. p. 8. 6642:. The Kitchener Scholars' Association. Archived from 6553: 6136:. The Kitchener Scholars' Association. Archived from 5628:. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. p. 37. 5090: 4993: 4969: 4957: 4921: 4867: 4469:"19 June 1901: The South African concentration camps" 4329: 4317: 4305: 3963: 3917: 3915: 3387:

was awarded after his efforts in the Second Boer War.

984:

on 15 June 1885, he became the British member of the

839:, who had died of malaria. By then an officer in the 542: 530: 8944:

Flag of Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

8690:

Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in South Africa

8058: 7939:

Generals: Ten British Generals Who Changed the World

7185:. No. 36836. London. 2 August 1902. p. 10. 7170:. No. 36893. London. 8 October 1902. p. 4. 7140:. No. 36891. London. 6 October 1902. p. 6. 7125:. No. 36887. London. 1 October 1902. p. 9. 6538: 5320: 4945: 4276: 4240: 4154: 4142: 4127: 4091: 4079: 4037: 4018: 3900: 3775: 3763: 3751: 1807:

From 22 to 24 June 1911, Kitchener took part in the

1663:. He immediately began the task of reorganising the 1546:. In London, he was met at the train station by the 1011:

on 20 July 1889 and led the Egyptian cavalry at the

791:

on 4 January 1871, Kitchener was reprimanded by the

7490:

The Little Field Marshal: A Life of Sir John French

5863: 5380: 4783: 4692: 4680: 4502:

Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire

4067: 3600: 3428:– niece and a New Zealand-born British suffragette. 3186: 2866:have been erected to mark where Kitchener lived in 1780:, from whom, whilst collecting his field marshal's 1620:were found guilty, sentenced to death, and shot by 1475:

characterized Kitchener's conduct of the war as a "

1310:over the disputed fort at Fashoda. Kitchener was a 527: 383:

Henry Kitchener, 2nd Earl Kitchener (older brother)

10266:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 8219: 8182:The Viceroy's Fall: How Kitchener Destroyed Curzon 8179: 7896: 7703: 7666:Missions, States, and European Expansion in Africa 7664:Korieh, Chima J.; Njoku, Raphael Chijioke (2007). 7427: 7305: 4591:. No. 36819. London. 14 July 1902. p. 6. 4571:. No. 36802. London. 24 June 1902. p. 5. 3912: 3580:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 3048: 2973:) was named Kitchener Road in honour of Kitchener. 2603:about his death. One in particular was posited by 1585: 851:only briefly in 1875 after an attack by locals at 727:Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne 568:Kitchener was credited in 1898 for having won the 10296:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich 8416:contributions in Parliament by the Earl Kitchener 7812:Kitchener: Architect of Victory, Artisan of Peace 7181:"Mr Chamberlain and Lord Kitchener in the City". 7105:Earl Kitchener of Khartoum: The Story of His Life 4634:Lord Kitchener and the Morant-Handcock Executions 4525: 2548:(commanded by Kurt Beitzen) and sank west of the 2471:Kitchener's memorial, St Paul's Cathedral, London 2130:Kitchener warned French in January 1915 that the 1744:Kitchener was promoted to the highest Army rank, 1323:; the pointed statement from the Russian Emperor 10291:British military personnel killed in World War I 10162: 8444:Lord Kitchener: Active Soldier, Active Freemason 8336:as told to David Tutaev (New York, 1967), p. 63. 7151:"Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener in Liverpool". 6678:"Earl Kitchener of Khartoum – The Melik Society" 5064:(Revised 2019 ed.). London: Penguin Books. 4732:(Revised 2019 ed.). London: Penguin Books. 3166:Paulownia Flowers of the Order of the Rising Sun 3076: 2734:in the United States until he was caught by the 1768:, was not keen and hoped to send him instead to 1007:on 11 April 1888 and to the substantive rank of 946:(Egyptian viceroy) and his nominal overlord the 827:In 1874, aged 24, Kitchener was assigned by the 713:, and could trace their descent to the reign of 561:, and his central role in the early part of the 10351:Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England 7166:"Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener in the City". 5703: 3247: 3002:A memorial cross for Kitchener was unveiled at 2669:back from Norway and prepared it for burial in 2046: 8395:Works by Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener 7977:. Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger. 6640:"Field Marshal 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum" 2463:, to confer with Admiral Jellicoe, 5 June 1916 1957:" as separate units because he distrusted the 1632:, who served 32 months before being released. 822: 10281:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War 9302: 8990: 8976: 8844: 7252: 5242: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4400: 4398: 3985:, I. B. Tauris, Londra-New-York, 2015, p. 80. 3204:3rd (Reserve) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers 1748:, on 10 September 1909 and went on a tour of 1222:Churchill wrote of his own experience as the 1045:While in Egypt, Kitchener was initiated into 519:Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener 10231:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 8507:"Horatio Herbert Earl Kitchener of Khartoum" 8464:"Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl" 7682: 6083:. Churchmonumentssociety.org. Archived from 5430: 5428: 5144: 3996:"Kitchener of Khartoum: Mason extraordinary" 3208:Honorary Colonel, 4th, later 6th Battalion, 3017:, Dehradun, India was named after Kitchener. 2995:announced their plans to mint commemorative 1866:During this period he became a proponent of 1167:Kitchener achieved further successes at the 927:On 4 January 1883 Kitchener was promoted to 911:where Conder and Kitchener's survey stopped. 756:, where the young Kitchener was educated at 501: 270:2 September 1898 – 22 December 1899 7069:. Dunedin: Exisle Publishing. p. 158. 5887: 5885: 5477: 5475: 4185:, 2019, p. 81. Retrieved December 23, 2020. 3107:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 3095:Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter 2505:; Kitchener was keen to discuss the recent 1515:, and a customs and railway union with the 1092:. A French expedition under the command of 709:Both sides of Kitchener's family were from 91:Kitchener in full dress uniform (July 1910) 10256:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John 9316: 9309: 9295: 8983: 8969: 8851: 8837: 7848: 7749:The Death of Glory: the Western Front 1915 7350:Kitchener as Proconsul of Egypt, 1911–1914 7009:. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 143. 6992:"叙勲裁可書 (英国元帥子爵キッチーナ外四名叙勲ノ件) - 明治42年11月11日" 6890:(Supplement). 31 December 1907. p. 1. 6626: 5957:"Lord Kitchener 'Your country needs you!'" 5839:Pomeroy, Squadron-Leader Colin A. (2000). 4575: 4526:Kestell, J. D.; van Velden, D. E. (1902). 4466: 4395: 3676:"Brother of Kitchener passes in Bermuda". 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3215:Colonel Commandant, Royal Engineers – 1906 2261:had come to exert over strategy, allowing 1994:argued that the BEF should be deployed at 1809:coronation of King George V and Queen Mary 85: 10276:British Army personnel of the Mahdist War 10206:Governors-general of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 8461: 8200: 8165: 8075: 7869: 7743: 7465: 7385: 6818:(Supplement). 25 June 1909. p. 4855. 6351: 6327:"How 1920's Dudley honoured Nurse Cavell" 6099: 5943: 5864:Partridge, Ewan; Singefield, Tom (2014). 5509: 5425: 5419: 5180: 5084: 5047: 4806: 4715: 3858: 3697: 3631: 3574:"Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener". 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3039:, India, came into the possession of the 1883: 1426:Following the defeat of the conventional 9734:brewer, railway developer and politician 8095: 7972: 7891: 7765: 7710:. University of British Columbia Press. 7701: 7528:Empire and Sexuality: British Experience 7446: 7406: 7289:. Los Angeles, California: Haynes Corp. 7236:Khartoum The Ultimate Imperial Adventure 7046: 6972: 6954: 6936: 6918: 6900: 6882: 6864: 6846: 6828: 6810: 6792: 6774: 6756: 6738: 6702:(Supplement). 3 June 1911. p. 5325. 6694: 5882: 5472: 5434: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5230: 5168: 5156: 5108: 5035: 4939: 4915: 4666: 4619: 4601: 4548: 4422: 4404: 4383: 4365: 4347: 4258: 4194:The Guardian Research department (2011) 4055: 3933: 3888: 3870: 3829: 3811: 3793: 3739: 3721: 3655: 3482: 2835: 2824: 2679: 2466: 2440: 2300: 2286:straightforward task ended in disaster. 2105: 1931: 1899: 1887: 1731: 1696: 1639: 1452: 1384: 1286:, on the west bank of the Nile north of 1067: 673: 8257: 8168:Kitchener: The Man; With a foreword by 8121:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 8020: 7917: 7903:. London: Wordsworth Military Library. 7808: 7509:Mount Seir, Sinai and Western Palestine 7281: 6305:"Inscription on the Kitchener Memorial" 6031:"Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener" 5838: 5617: 5611: 5059: 4864:. First edition, Blandford Press. p. 30 4848: 4727: 4631: 3969: 3945: 3577:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1460:, a South African girl imprisoned in a 14: 10326:Rectors of the University of Edinburgh 10163: 8296: 8276: 8217: 8146: 8117: 8063:. London: Palestine Exploration Fund. 7998: 7787: 7724: 7663: 7604: 7566: 7484: 7425: 7366: 7347: 7326: 7303: 7195: 7034: 7004: 6664: 6562: 6417: 6357: 6232:"Plaque for Kitchener Statue, Chatham" 6007:. The Rex, Berkhamsted. Archived from 5623: 5481: 5404: 5389: 5362: 5350: 5338: 5205: 5132: 5120: 5096: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4987: 4975: 4963: 4951: 4927: 4873: 4498: 4335: 4323: 4311: 4085: 3906: 3757: 3606: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3506: 2829:Kitchener Memorial at Marwick Head on 2594: 2519:. At the last minute Jellicoe changed 2231: 1164:, for whom he had specifically asked. 222:1 November 1898 – 5 June 1916 10115: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10093: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10040: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10022: 10016: 10014: 10012: 10010: 10008: 10002: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9954: 9945: 9938: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9912: 9910: 9901: 9899: 9890: 9888: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9841: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9745: 9740: 9729: 9722: 9720: 9715: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9690: 9688: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9655: 9653: 9647: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9567: 9562: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9541: 9536: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9512: 9505: 9503: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9361: 9359: 9354: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9290: 8964: 8832: 8753:Rector of the University of Edinburgh 8238: 8222:Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist 8203:The Mystery of Lord Kitchener's Death 7936: 7449:The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes 7411:. Larkfield, Maidstone: Unwin Hyman. 7233: 7064: 6574: 6475:. Melbourne, Australia. 22 April 2020 6181:"Lord Kitchener Memorial Homes Trust" 5895:. St Paul's Cathedral. Archived from 5484:"The strange death of Lord Kitchener" 5374: 4833: 4818: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4270: 4246: 4165: 4148: 4136: 4121: 4109: 4097: 4073: 4043: 4031: 3957: 3781: 3769: 3643: 2916:The Lord Kitchener Memorial Homes in 2571:commanding the British Armies on the 2141:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps 1655:In late 1902 Kitchener was appointed 1525:High Commissioner for Southern Africa 1057: 907:is established at the point in upper 621:as British Agent and Consul-General ( 176:12 July 1911 – 5 August 1914 10401:War criminals of the Second Boer War 10381:Military personnel from County Kerry 10286:British Army generals of World War I 10191:British Commanders-in-Chief of India 10153:Family tree of the Chevallier family 8483:"Lord Horatio Kitchener (1850–1916)" 8279:Kitchener: The Man Behind the Legend 8177: 7955: 7829: 7614: 7585: 7544: 7525: 7506: 7468:The British Field Marshals 1736–1997 7371:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. 7269:. The University Press of Kentucky. 7264: 6614: 6547: 6532: 6033:. Commonwealth War Graves Commission 5868:. National Museum of Bermuda Press. 5738: 5697: 5650: 5435:McGreevy, Ronan (30 November 2007). 5326: 4836:Great Britain in the Coronation Year 4821:Great Britain in the Coronation Year 4789: 4756: 4698: 4686: 4467:Department, Research (19 May 2011). 3921: 3709: 3556: 3464:Statue of the Earl Kitchener, London 2953:In the early 1920s, a road on a new 1985: 815:, had also entered the army and was 717:; his mother's family was of French 553:; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a 114:5 August 1914 – 5 June 1916 10396:Second Boer War concentration camps 9950:archaeologist, antiquary and priest 7975:Field Marshal Sir William Robertson 7791:Canada In Sudan War Without Borders 7637:from the original on 20 June 2016. 7260:. London: Frederick Muller Limited. 6445:"Rashtriya Indian Military College" 4505:. Knopf Doubleday. pp. 86–89. 4183:Journal of Perpetrator Research 2.2 3562: 2366:Anglo-French offensive on the Somme 2331:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 1774:British forces in the Mediterranean 251:Henry Kitchener, 2nd Earl Kitchener 24: 8939: 7992: 7832:Architect of Victory: Douglas Haig 7470:. Barnsley (UK): Pen & Sword. 6158: 5482:Paxman, Jeremy (7 November 2014). 4812: 4487: 4063:. 29 September 1896. p. 5379. 3314: 2976:The east window of the chancel at 2913:, was printed to benefit the fund. 2850:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2403: 2189:under the auspices of Churchill's 1873: 1842:(summer 1911), Kitchener told the 1822: 1727:Pakistan Command and Staff College 1492:Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner 843:, Kitchener joined fellow officer 25: 10412: 10271:People of the Franco-Prussian War 10196:Secretaries of State for War (UK) 8468:encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net 8379: 7815:. Carroll & Graf Publishers. 6962:. 21 November 1893. p. 6553. 6800:. 2 September 1902. p. 5679. 6764:. 17 November 1896. p. 6271. 6746:. 15 November 1898. p. 6688. 6599: 6281:. Scottish Places. Archived from 6258:"The Kitchener Memorial (LB6182)" 5800:– via FlightGlobal Archive. 4412:. 14 December 1900. p. 8459. 4373:. 22 December 1899. p. 8541. 3983:Freemasonry in the Ottoman Empire 3290:Worshipful Company of Fishmongers 3101:Knight of the Order of St Patrick 3015:Rashtriya Indian Military College 2659:named Frank Power claimed in the 1529:Transvaal and Orange River Colony 1434:on 29 November 1900 and to local 1380: 1196:himself, came out of the fort at 1003:Kitchener was promoted to brevet 658:to attend negotiations with Tsar 10201:British consuls-general in Egypt 9895:1st Earl Kitchener; army officer 9884:2nd Earl Kitchener; army officer 9137: 9131: 8402: 8339: 8326: 7333:. University of Delaware Press. 7209: 7189: 7174: 7159: 7144: 7129: 7114: 7098: 7083: 7058: 7040: 6998: 6984: 6966: 6948: 6930: 6912: 6908:. 8 December 1896. p. 7227. 6894: 6876: 6858: 6854:. 13 February 1894. p. 912. 6840: 6822: 6804: 6786: 6782:. 8 November 1889. p. 5919. 6768: 6750: 6732: 6706: 6688: 6670: 6632: 6593: 6568: 6505: 6487: 6459: 6437: 6411: 6385: 6335:. 6 January 2005. Archived from 6319: 6297: 6271: 6246: 6224: 6199: 6173: 6162:The Lord Kitchener Memorial Book 6152: 6126: 6073: 6059: 6045: 6023: 5997: 5975: 5959:. Sterling Times. Archived from 5949: 5911: 5857: 5832: 5804: 5772: 5676: 5575: 5543: 5515: 5456: 5199: 5174: 4430:. 4 December 1900. p. 8217. 4355:. 1 November 1898. p. 6375. 4237:. Hamish Hamilton, 1971, p. 335. 3837:. 6 November 1885. p. 5080. 3420:Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan 3401: 3393: 3329: 3323: 3281:Honorary Freedom of the City of 3187:Honorary regimental appointments 2490:. He had lunch with Admiral Sir 1419:in February 1900. Kitchener was 1274:. British Empire: Exhibit No. 1 1160:to a Canadian railroad builder, 1135:") from attacking the Italians. 1064:Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan 980:on 8 October 1884 and to brevet 762:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich 523: 397: 8624:British Consul-General in Egypt 8495:"10 Facts about Lord Kitchener" 8368:hints at homosexuality, though 8081:Kitchener in Following the Drum 8052:London: The Field & Queen. 7960:. New York: William Faro, inc. 7552:. London: Mayflower Books Ltd. 7530:. Manchester University Press. 7308:Kitchener: Architect of Victory 7121:"Lord Kitchener at Sheffield". 5754:Federal Bureau of Investigation 5053: 4879: 4854: 4827: 4762: 4721: 4676:. 13 January 1903. p. 237. 4660: 4625: 4595: 4560: 4542: 4519: 4460: 4434: 4416: 4391:. 8 February 1901. p. 844. 4377: 4359: 4341: 4222: 4205: 4188: 4171: 4049: 3988: 3975: 3882: 3864: 3823: 3819:. 25 August 1885. p. 4052. 3805: 3801:. 7 October 1884. p. 4373. 3787: 3733: 3715: 3496:"BBC – History – The Boer Wars" 3049:Debate on Kitchener's sexuality 3013:One of the three houses of the 2897:in the chapel were sculpted by 2767:In Canada, the city of Berlin, 2113:, German propaganda medal, 1915 1951:distinctive poster of Kitchener 1892:The iconic, much-imitated 1914 1647:, Kitchener's country house in 1592:Court-martial of Breaker Morant 1586:Court-martial of Breaker Morant 1375:Aspall in the County of Suffolk 1138:Kitchener won victories at the 970:tribes of Egypt and the Sudan. 881:It serves as the basis for the 10361:Burials at Hollybrook Cemetery 10341:British historical geographers 10141:"Cobbold Family History Trust" 8803:Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum 7430:The Supreme Command: 1914–1918 7330:The Tragedy of Sir John French 6872:. 6 August 1886. p. 3793. 6836:. 19 April 1901. p. 2698. 6307:. Geograph Britain and Ireland 6234:. Geograph Britain and Ireland 6207:"Statue of Kitchener, Chatham" 5788:. 20 July 1916. Archived from 5551:"Foreign News: Lord Kitchener" 4219:. Retrieved December 23, 2020. 4202:. Retrieved December 23, 2020. 3896:. 9 August 1889. p. 4319. 3878:. 10 April 1888. p. 2070. 3669: 3649: 3488: 3234:Corps of New Zealand Engineers 3081: 3041:Government of Himachal Pradesh 3024:in the former town of Eurack, 3004:St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate 2978:St George's Church, Eastergate 2885:The NW chapel of All Souls at 2436: 1272:Paris International Exhibition 966:the dialects of the different 768:. His father took him back to 464:British Forces in South Africa 13: 1: 10236:Members of the Order of Merit 8771:Peerage of the United Kingdom 8519:"Herbert, 1st Earl Kitchener" 8348:reports that A E Wearne, the 7941:. London: Faber & Feber. 7877:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 7849:Richardson, Frank M. (1981). 7492:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 7392:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 7369:Kitchener: Hero and Anti-Hero 7136:"Lord Kitchener at Chatham". 7090:"Lord Kitchener at Ipswich". 7054:. 10 June 1902. p. 3755. 6980:. 19 June 1888. p. 3372. 6944:. 12 June 1885. p. 2681. 6604:– via Internet Archive. 6254:Historic Environment Scotland 5812:Montgomery-Moore, Major Cecil 5559:. 25 May 1925. Archived from 4609:. 29 July 1902. p. 4834. 4556:. 10 June 1902. p. 3750. 3747:. 2 January 1883. p. 31. 3665:. 6 January 1871. p. 38. 3469: 3296:Worshipful Company of Grocers 3227:1st County of London Yeomanry 3077:Honours, decorations and arms 2788:British army in 1914 and 1915 1949:began, which soon featured a 1844:Committee of Imperial Defence 1337:Governor-General of the Sudan 1204:, the Sudan correspondent of 1151:expedition to rescue General 1084:, was concerned with keeping 1052:United Grand Lodge of England 669: 628:In 1914, at the start of the 8662:5 August 1914 – 5 June 1916 8140:UK public library membership 7899:Mons, The Retreat to Victory 7773:. Jonathan Ball Publishers. 7683:Liddell Hart, Basil (1930). 7511:. Richard Bentley and sons. 7434:. George Allen & Unwin. 7386:Goldstone, Patricia (2007). 7202:A Complete Guide to Heraldry 6418:Powell, Jim (8 April 2014). 6395:. Royal Mint. Archived from 6211:Geograph Britain and Ireland 4289:. Silvapages. Archived from 3729:. 8 July 1879. p. 4338. 3594:UK public library membership 3432:I Was Lord Kitchener's Valet 3248:Honorary degrees and offices 2820: 2813:, Kitchener is portrayed by 2803:, Kitchener is portrayed by 2703:failed. He was arrested and 2494:, commander-in-chief of the 2070:(French Prime Minister) and 2047:Meeting with Sir John French 1861:Broome in the County of Kent 1762:Secretary of State for India 1717:Kitchener presided over the 1566:(OM). Kitchener was created 1184:had broken through the thin 1171:in April 1898, and then the 752:In 1864 the family moved to 572:and securing control of the 206:Member of the House of Lords 7: 10366:Peers created by Edward VII 10316:Lancashire Militia officers 8814:Baron Kitchener of Khartoum 8640:as Acting High Commissioner 8453:20th Century Press Archives 8401:(public domain audiobooks) 8334:The Impossible Takes Longer 8293:new edition Cassell (2006). 8170:Field Marshal Lord Birdwood 8077:Fortescue, Sir John William 8028:. London: Faber and Faber. 7999:Arthur, Sir George (1920). 7973:Woodward, David R. (1998). 7451:. Oxford University Press. 6926:. 1 May 1894. p. 2508. 6358:Hudson, T. P., ed. (1997). 6183:. MHS Homes. Archived from 5841:The Flying Boats Of Bermuda 4587:"Lord Kitchener′s return". 4213:Finial of the Mahdī's qubba 3682:. 8 March 1912. p. 29. 3413: 2418:Chancellor of the Exchequer 2117: 1302:would fly equally with the 1192:, under the command of the 885:used in the modern maps of 864:Survey of Western Palestine 831:to a mapping-survey of the 823:Survey of western Palestine 10: 10417: 10110:Francis Chevallier-Boutell 10082:John Barrington Chevallier 8658:Secretary of State for War 8201:McCormick, Donald (1959). 8186:. Sidgwick & Jackson. 7834:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd. 7794:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. 7729:. New York: Random House. 7685:A History of the World War 7348:Cassar, George H. (2016). 7327:Cassar, George H. (1985). 7304:Cassar, George H. (1977). 7283:Burnham, Frederick Russell 7227: 7197:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles 5062:Curzon: imperial statesman 4887:"Factsheet: 4 August 1914" 4834:Milne, J. Hogarth (1914). 4819:Milne, J. Hogarth (1914). 4730:Curzon: imperial statesman 4217:Making African Connections 3071:Tyndale University College 2929:Secretary of State for War 2852:'s Hollybrook Memorial at 2693:Frederick Joubert Duquesne 2214:Russia might sue for peace 1914:Secretary of State for War 1738:The Queenslander Pictorial 1736:Kitchener on horseback in 1614:Lt. Harry "Breaker" Morant 1589: 1226:cut their way through the 1131:(whom the British called " 1061: 992:) in September 1886, also 829:Palestine Exploration Fund 634:Secretary of State for War 102:Secretary of State for War 10386:People from Ballylongford 10371:Peers created by George V 10151: 10132: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10038: 10036: 10020: 10018: 10006: 10004: 9943: 9927: 9916: 9914: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9829: 9827: 9811: 9809: 9801: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9738: 9727: 9713: 9697: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9651: 9649: 9625: 9621: 9615: 9595: 9593: 9560: 9556:Harriet Temple Chevallier 9534: 9510: 9497: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9429: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9352: 9322: 9146: 9129: 8998: 8992:Commander-in-Chief, India 8951: 8937: 8930:Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat 8867: 8859:Governors-general of the 8811: 8800: 8790: 8781: 8776: 8769: 8759: 8750: 8742: 8737: 8727: 8721:Commander-in-Chief, India 8718: 8710: 8687: 8679: 8674: 8664: 8655: 8647: 8630: 8621: 8613: 8603: 8590: 8577: 8567: 8557: 8549: 8544: 8438:National Portrait Gallery 8226:. New York: E.P. Dutton. 8151:. Spellmount Publishers. 8105:. John Lane/Bodley Head. 8102:The Truth about Kitchener 7918:Tuchman, Barbara (1962). 7407:De Groot, Gerard (1988). 7217:"Lord Kitchener's sister" 7005:Acović, Dragomir (2012). 5814:; Kilduff, Peter (1975). 4530:. Richard Clay & Sons 4499:Elkins, Caroline (2022). 3460:– a book by George Witton 3176:Order of Karađorđe's Star 2755: 2125:First Battle of the Marne 1772:as Commander-in-Chief of 1657:Commander-in-Chief, India 1363:With Kitchener to Khartum 931:, given the Turkish rank 509: 497: 475: 459:Commander-in-Chief, India 454: 444: 436: 426: 418: 413: 405: 393: 379: 369: 345: 321: 316: 312: 293: 274: 263: 256: 244: 230: 215: 204: 192: 180: 169: 162: 150: 138: 128: 118: 107: 100: 96: 84: 34: 18:Horatio Herbert Kitchener 10311:Royal Engineers officers 9930:Ernest St George Cobbold 9716:Isobella Frances Cobbold 8421:Kitchener Scholars' Fund 8319: 8166:Hutchison, G.S. (1943). 8097:Germains, Victor Wallace 7652:: CS1 maint: location ( 7466:Heathcote, Tony (1999). 7367:Faught, C. Brad (2016). 5181:Mallinson, Alan (2016). 5026:, pp. 231, 234–236. 4862:Scouting Round the World 4528:"The Peace Negotiations" 3679:The Atlanta Constitution 3457:Scapegoats of the Empire 3294:Honorary Freeman of the 3288:Honorary Freeman of the 3274:Freedom of the borough, 3260:Freedom of the borough, 3253:Freedom of the borough, 3008:Liverpool Street station 2988:commemorating Kitchener. 2730:, Duquesne ran a German 2498:, on board his flagship 2398: 2265:campaigns to develop in 2170:A Peace to End All Peace 2066:They met, together with 1894:Lord Kitchener Wants You 1790:Indian Councils Act 1909 1688:Lord Curzon of Kedleston 1635: 1319:after the defeat of the 922: 370:Cause of death 10186:Field marshals of Egypt 9700:Frances Anne Chevallier 9691:Henry Horatio Kitchener 9513:Temple Fiske Chevallier 8277:Warner, Philip (1985). 8258:Simkins, Peter (1988). 8218:Magnus, Philip (1958). 8147:Hunter, Archie (1996). 7751:. London: John Murray. 7725:Massie, Robert (2012). 7590:. I B Tauris Academic. 7234:Asher, Michael (2005). 6365:Victoria County History 5746:"The Duquesne spy ring" 5523:"Who killed Kitchener?" 4860:John S. Wilson (1959), 4632:Bridges, Barry (1987). 3302: 3134:(GCIE) – 1 January 1908 2795:Your country needs you! 2588:The Manchester Guardian 2377:German attack at Verdun 2358: 2309:at Anzac, November 1915 2305:Kitchener with General 2277:. Generals such as Sir 2210:conference at Chantilly 2200:being pushed back from 2101: 1878: 1800:). The prime minister, 1554:. He also visited King 1527:, and administrator of 1421:mentioned in despatches 1397:, Kitchener arrived in 1341:Gordon Memorial College 1158:Sudan Military Railroad 1121:threatening to conquer 807:as a surveyor, learned 743:Irish military diaspora 164:Consul-General in Egypt 10391:People who died at sea 10181:British field marshals 9563:John Wilkinson Cobbold 9317:Chevallier family tree 8945: 8585:Abdallahi ibn Muhammad 8239:Royle, Trevor (1985). 8002:Life of Lord Kitchener 7956:Wood, Clement (1932). 7922:. Constable & Co. 7809:Pollock, John (2001). 7788:Pigott, Peter (2009). 7702:MacLaren, Roy (1978). 7615:Kidd, Charles (1903). 7567:Irvine, James (2016). 7447:Hastings, Max (1986). 7409:Douglas Haig 1861–1928 7267:Almanac of World War I 6447:. Defence Destinations 6371:British History Online 6167:Hodder & Stoughton 6159:Le Bas, Hedley (ed.). 5816:That's My Bloody Plane 4287:"The Fashoda Incident" 3586:10.1093/ref:odnb/34341 3319: 3202:– 11 June 1902; later 2991:In December 2013, the 2844: 2840:Kitchener Memorial on 2833: 2689: 2686:Fritz Joubert Duquesne 2653: 2640:Generalquartiermeister 2483:on 5 June 1916 aboard 2475:Kitchener sailed from 2472: 2464: 2310: 2114: 2014:(on the advice of Sir 1976: 1937: 1929:at 11pm the next day. 1905: 1897: 1884:Raising the New Armies 1741: 1702: 1682:were supported by the 1652: 1544:Freedom of the borough 1504:South African Republic 1468: 1390: 1377:, on 31 October 1898. 1317:French colonial empire 1094:Jean-Baptiste Marchand 1078:British Prime Minister 1073: 837:Charles Tyrwhitt-Drake 787:Commissioned into the 682:Kitchener was born in 679: 281:Abdallahi ibn Muhammad 10346:British war criminals 10221:Knights of St Patrick 10216:Knights of the Garter 8943: 8562:of the Egyptian Army 8523:westminster-abbey.org 8426:25 April 2006 at the 8370:Lady Winifred Renshaw 7871:Silberman, Neil Asher 7830:Reid, Walter (2006). 7687:. Faber & Faber. 7526:Hyam, Ronald (1991). 7507:Hull, Edward (1885). 7426:Hankey, Lord (1961). 7254:Bonham-Carter, Victor 6575:Pearl, Cyril (1967). 5756:. 200. Archived from 5206:Barker, A.J. (2009). 5171:, pp. 14, 16–17. 4892:. Imperial War Museum 4442:"Concentration Camps" 3318: 3267:Freedom of the city, 3155:Order of the Medjidie 3122:(GCSI) – 25 June 1909 3006:church in 1916 (near 2839: 2828: 2683: 2648: 2642:and joint head (with 2470: 2444: 2414:Imperial Russian Army 2385:Members of Parliament 2343:Prussian War Minister 2304: 2109: 1971: 1935: 1908:At the outset of the 1903: 1891: 1859:, of Khartoum and of 1735: 1700: 1643: 1484:Treaty of Vereeniging 1456: 1388: 1153:Charles George Gordon 1071: 956:Charles George Gordon 877:for several reasons: 776:while ascending in a 677: 437:Years of service 8861:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 8617:Sir John Eldon Gorst 8607:Sir Reginald Wingate 8571:Sir Reginald Wingate 8241:The Kitchener Enigma 8178:King, Peter (1986). 7937:Urban, Mark (2005). 7586:Judd, Denis (2011). 7265:Burg, David (2010). 7219:. Papers Past. 1925. 6646:on 28 September 2013 6602:"Morrison Of Peking" 6279:"Kitchener memorial" 5818:. The Pequot Press. 5760:on 30 September 2013 5624:Ronnie, Art (1995). 5593:on 15 September 2017 5583:"The sinking of HMS 3271:, 30 September 1902. 3239:Regimental Colonel, 2906:Lord Mayor of London 2807:. In the 2021 movie 2247:Howell Arthur Gwynne 2179:coalition government 2175:Shell Crisis of 1915 2090:common knowledge at 1969:wrote of Kitchener: 1947:recruitment campaign 1796:in 1943, during the 1602:Bushveldt Carbineers 1417:Battle of Paardeberg 305:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 40:The Right Honourable 10301:Mandatory Palestine 9923:Helen Emma Cazenove 8281:. Hamish Hamilton. 8262:. Pen & Sword. 7855:. Imprint unknown. 7238:. London: Penguin. 7205:. pp. 594–595. 6720:on 11 November 2013 6617:, pp. 172–176. 6519:. 20 November 2023. 6501:. 20 February 2024. 6332:Black Country Bugle 6112:Imperial War Museum 6011:on 21 February 2022 5407:, pp. 244–245. 5377:, pp. 347–353. 5305:, pp. 238–239. 5245:, pp. 131–133. 5135:, pp. 299–300. 5123:, pp. 294–295. 5014:, pp. 231–236. 4990:, pp. 199–201. 4770:"Rawalpindi Parade" 4759:, pp. 148–149. 4273:, pp. 193–194. 4261:, pp. 308–310. 4124:, pp. 191–192. 4112:, pp. 190–191. 4006:on 13 December 2007 3960:, pp. 188–189. 3712:, pp. 199–222. 3700:, pp. 121–122. 3646:, pp. 1, 15–6. 3485:, pp. 51, 573. 3309: 3264:, 22 September 1902 3116:(OM) – 12 July 1902 3103:(KP) – 19 June 1911 2887:St Paul's Cathedral 2854:Hollybrook Cemetery 2762:St Paul's Cathedral 2671:St Paul's Cathedral 2644:Paul von Hindenburg 2605:Lord Alfred Douglas 2601:conspiracy theories 2595:Conspiracy theories 2232:Reduction in powers 2072:Alexandre Millerand 2053:Battle of Le Cateau 1863:, on 29 June 1914. 1838:At the time of the 1756:. He aspired to be 1580:Colony of Transvaal 1444:concentration camps 1413:relief of Kimberley 1401:with Field Marshal 1207:The Daily Telegraph 819:from 1908 to 1912. 817:Governor of Bermuda 766:Franco-Prussian War 632:, Kitchener became 600:concentration camps 576:, for which he was 480:Franco-Prussian War 10331:British Freemasons 10306:People lost at sea 10094:Isabel Amy Cobbold 9707:Charles Chevallier 9000:East India Company 8946: 8920:Robert George Howe 8872:The Lord Kitchener 8731:Sir O'Moore Creagh 8668:David Lloyd George 8634:Sir Milne Cheetham 8578:Political offices 8358:H. Montgomery Hyde 7852:Mars Without Venus 7312:. London: Kimber. 7065:Cooke, P. (2019). 7052:The London Gazette 6978:The London Gazette 6960:The London Gazette 6942:The London Gazette 6924:The London Gazette 6906:The London Gazette 6888:The London Gazette 6870:The London Gazette 6852:The London Gazette 6834:The London Gazette 6816:The London Gazette 6798:The London Gazette 6780:The London Gazette 6762:The London Gazette 6744:The London Gazette 6700:The London Gazette 6577:Morrison of Peking 6373:. pp. 148–160 5899:on 15 October 2014 5866:Wings Over Bermuda 5843:. Print Link Ltd. 5716:The New York Times 5243:Bonham-Carter 1963 5111:, pp. 14, 17. 4673:The London Gazette 4607:The London Gazette 4554:The London Gazette 4428:The London Gazette 4410:The London Gazette 4389:The London Gazette 4371:The London Gazette 4353:The London Gazette 4293:on 29 October 2013 4177:Gordon, Michelle, 4061:The London Gazette 3894:The London Gazette 3876:The London Gazette 3835:The London Gazette 3817:The London Gazette 3799:The London Gazette 3745:The London Gazette 3727:The London Gazette 3662:The London Gazette 3450:Kitchener, Ontario 3345:Coronet of an Earl 3320: 3307: 3232:Colonel-in-Chief, 3225:Honorary Colonel, 3218:Honorary Colonel, 3198:Honorary Colonel, 3172:– 11 November 1909 3164:Grand Cordon with 3097:(KG) – 3 June 1915 2940:Kitchener Memorial 2933:Christopher Soames 2845: 2842:Horseguards Parade 2834: 2690: 2473: 2465: 2311: 2283:James Wolfe-Murray 2226:Basil Liddell Hart 2183:David Lloyd George 2161:Gallipoli Campaign 2115: 1965:Cabinet Secretary 1938: 1906: 1898: 1742: 1703: 1678:While many of the 1653: 1568:Viscount Kitchener 1469: 1462:concentration camp 1432:lieutenant-general 1391: 1173:Battle of Omdurman 1074: 1058:Sudan and Khartoum 982:lieutenant-colonel 780:to see the French 747:Duke of Wellington 680: 646:shortage of shells 604:Commander-in-Chief 590:' conquest of the 570:Battle of Omdurman 225:Hereditary peerage 199:Sir Milne Cheetham 157:David Lloyd George 44:The Earl Kitchener 10158: 10157: 10127: 10126: 9892:Herbert Kitchener 9681:Temple Chevallier 9346:Temple Chevallier 9284: 9283: 8958: 8957: 8915:Hubert Huddleston 8827: 8826: 8791:Succeeded by 8760:Succeeded by 8738:Academic offices 8728:Succeeded by 8714:Sir Arthur Palmer 8675:Military offices 8665:Succeeded by 8643: 8631:Succeeded by 8604:Succeeded by 8568:Succeeded by 8545:Military offices 8433:The Melik Society 8138:(Subscription or 8043:Chesterton, G. K. 6667:, pp. 57–58. 6535:, pp. 38–39. 6517:Outlook Traveller 6399:on 24 August 2017 5700:, pp. 1–429. 5528:New Zealand Truth 5145:Liddell Hart 1930 5071:978-0-141-99087-3 4918:, pp. 39–40. 4739:978-0-141-99087-3 4636:. pp. 24–40. 4512:978-0-593-32008-2 4448:on 25 August 2007 3592:(Subscription or 3411: 3410: 3390:Previous versions 3285:, 11 October 1902 3220:7th Gurkha Rifles 3180:Kingdom of Serbia 3145:Order of Osmanieh 2899:William Reid Dick 2741:Duquesne Spy Ring 2629:Irish Republicans 2617:Winston Churchill 2613:Battle of Jutland 2507:Battle of Jutland 2368:should go ahead. 2279:William Robertson 2157:Winston Churchill 2111:Kitchener's Dream 1986:Deploying the BEF 1719:Rawalpindi Parade 1692:Viceroy's Council 1680:Kitchener Reforms 1552:St James's Palace 1508:Orange Free State 1361:who wrote a book 1348:to Christianity. 1335:Kitchener became 1216:Winston Churchill 1031:Sir Evelyn Baring 793:Duke of Cambridge 782:Army of the Loire 513: 512: 389:(younger brother) 308: 289: 258:Governor of Sudan 16:(Redirected from 10408: 10336:Palestinologists 10321:Diplomatic peers 10144: 9903:Walter Kitchener 9741:Caroline Hepburn 9709:priest and canon 9325: 9324: 9311: 9304: 9297: 9288: 9287: 9141: 9135: 8985: 8978: 8971: 8962: 8961: 8895: 8877:Reginald Wingate 8853: 8846: 8839: 8830: 8829: 8743:Preceded by 8711:Preceded by 8680:Preceded by 8648:Preceded by 8637: 8614:Preceded by 8593:Governor-General 8550:Preceded by 8542: 8541: 8538: 8526: 8514: 8502: 8490: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8406: 8405: 8390:Internet Archive 8373: 8343: 8337: 8330: 8315: 8292: 8273: 8260:Kitchener's Army 8254: 8235: 8225: 8214: 8197: 8185: 8174: 8162: 8143: 8135: 8114: 8092: 8072: 8039: 8016: 7988: 7969: 7952: 7933: 7914: 7902: 7888: 7866: 7845: 7826: 7805: 7784: 7767:Pakenham, Thomas 7762: 7745:Neillands, Robin 7740: 7721: 7709: 7698: 7679: 7657: 7651: 7643: 7611: 7601: 7582: 7563: 7546:Hyde, Montgomery 7541: 7522: 7503: 7481: 7462: 7443: 7433: 7422: 7403: 7382: 7363: 7344: 7323: 7311: 7300: 7278: 7261: 7249: 7221: 7220: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7118: 7112: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7011: 7010: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6716:. 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Conder 813:Walter Kitchener 772:after he caught 625:administrator). 552: 551: 548: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 414:Military service 401: 387:Walter Kitchener 374:Killed in action 352: 331: 329: 317:Personal details 302: 300:Reginald Wingate 296: 283: 277: 268: 247: 233: 220: 195: 183: 174: 153: 141: 131: 112: 89: 79: 32: 31: 21: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10211:Earls Kitchener 10161: 10160: 10159: 10154: 10147: 10139: 10128: 10112: 10095: 10084: 9951: 9949: 9947:Charles Boutell 9940: 9939:Mary Chevallier 9933: 9931: 9924: 9907: 9905: 9896: 9894: 9885: 9883: 9881:Henry Kitchener 9742: 9735: 9733: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9692: 9685: 9683: 9564: 9557: 9538: 9531: 9529: 9527:John Chevallier 9516: 9514: 9507: 9356: 9355:Mary Syer Fiske 9349: 9347: 9318: 9315: 9285: 9280: 9142: 9136: 9127: 8994: 8989: 8959: 8954: 8947: 8935: 8900:Geoffrey Archer 8889: 8863: 8857: 8817: 8806: 8796: 8794:Henry Kitchener 8787: 8765: 8756: 8748: 8733: 8724: 8716: 8706: 8704:Second Boer War 8700: 8693: 8685: 8670: 8661: 8653: 8636: 8627: 8619: 8609: 8600: 8573: 8564: 8555: 8537:. 24 June 1850. 8529: 8517: 8505: 8493: 8481: 8472: 8470: 8462:Peter Simkins. 8428:Wayback Machine 8403: 8382: 8377: 8376: 8346:George Morrison 8344: 8340: 8331: 8327: 8322: 8312: 8304:. Arrow Books. 8289: 8270: 8251: 8194: 8159: 8137: 8132: 8036: 8013: 7995: 7993:Further reading 7985: 7949: 7930: 7911: 7885: 7863: 7842: 7823: 7802: 7781: 7759: 7737: 7718: 7695: 7676: 7645: 7644: 7633:. p. 528. 7598: 7579: 7560: 7538: 7519: 7500: 7486:Holmes, Richard 7478: 7459: 7419: 7400: 7379: 7360: 7341: 7320: 7297: 7246: 7230: 7225: 7224: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7194: 7190: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7077: 7063: 7059: 7045: 7041: 7033: 7014: 7003: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6971: 6967: 6953: 6949: 6935: 6931: 6917: 6913: 6899: 6895: 6881: 6877: 6863: 6859: 6845: 6841: 6827: 6823: 6809: 6805: 6791: 6787: 6773: 6769: 6755: 6751: 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6693: 6689: 6676: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6649: 6647: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6627:Richardson 1981 6625: 6621: 6613: 6609: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6573: 6569: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6539: 6531: 6524: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6478: 6476: 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118. 5510:Goldstone 2007 5502: 5471: 5467:John Charteris 5455: 5424: 5422:, p. 197. 5420:Heathcote 1999 5409: 5394: 5379: 5367: 5365:, p. 244. 5355: 5353:, p. 240. 5343: 5341:, p. 239. 5331: 5329:, p. 120. 5319: 5317:, p. 237. 5307: 5295: 5293:, p. 228. 5283: 5271: 5259: 5257:, p. 212. 5247: 5235: 5223: 5217:978-1929631865 5216: 5198: 5192:978-0593058183 5191: 5173: 5161: 5149: 5147:, p. 197. 5137: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5099:, p. 293. 5089: 5087:, p. 174. 5085:Neillands 2006 5077: 5070: 5052: 5050:, p. 166. 5048:Neillands 2006 5040: 5038:, p. 178. 5028: 5016: 5004: 5002:, p. 231. 4992: 4980: 4978:, p. 199. 4968: 4966:, p. 198. 4956: 4944: 4932: 4930:, p. 508. 4920: 4903: 4878: 4876:, p. 189. 4866: 4853: 4851:, p. 194. 4841: 4826: 4811: 4809:, p. 195. 4807:Heathcote 1999 4794: 4792:, p. 114. 4782: 4761: 4749: 4738: 4720: 4718:, p. 194. 4716:Heathcote 1999 4703: 4701:, p. 116. 4691: 4689:, p. 108. 4679: 4659: 4624: 4622:, p. 538. 4612: 4594: 4574: 4559: 4541: 4518: 4511: 4486: 4459: 4433: 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1448:Emily Hobhouse 1382: 1381:Anglo-Boer War 1379: 1353:G. W. Steevens 1262:G. W. Steevens 1249:Queen Victoria 1162:Percy Girouard 1090:Horn of Africa 1082:Lord Salisbury 1059: 1056: 962:in late 1884. 948:Ottoman sultan 924: 921: 913: 912: 901: 894: 824: 821: 760:, then at the 671: 668: 638:volunteer army 602:. His term as 592:Boer Republics 511: 510: 507: 506: 499: 495: 494: 477: 473: 472: 456: 452: 451: 446: 442: 441: 438: 434: 433: 428: 427:Branch/service 424: 423: 422:United Kingdom 420: 416: 415: 411: 410: 407: 403: 402: 395: 391: 390: 381: 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 353:(aged 65) 347: 343: 342: 323: 319: 318: 314: 313: 310: 309: 297: 291: 290: 278: 272: 271: 261: 260: 254: 253: 248: 242: 241: 234: 228: 227: 213: 212: 202: 201: 196: 190: 189: 184: 178: 177: 167: 166: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 132: 130:Prime Minister 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 105: 104: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 82: 81: 46: 43: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10413: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10226:Irish knights 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10150: 10142: 10138: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10118: 10111: 10083: 10045: 10043: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9957: 9948: 9904: 9893: 9882: 9868: 9865: 9857: 9855: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9799: 9791: 9789: 9781: 9779: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9748: 9732: 9723:Lucy Patteson 9682: 9672: 9669: 9661: 9659: 9658: 9623: 9619: 9617: 9613: 9611: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9528: 9502: 9499: 9471: 9469: 9457: 9455: 9454: 9427: 9399: 9397: 9385: 9383: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9326: 9321: 9312: 9307: 9305: 9300: 9298: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9148:British India 9145: 9140: 9134: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8986: 8981: 8979: 8974: 8972: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8950: 8942: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8910:Stewart Symes 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8854: 8849: 8847: 8842: 8840: 8835: 8834: 8831: 8823: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8786: 8785: 8779: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8755: 8754: 8747: 8746:Earl of Minto 8741: 8736: 8732: 8723: 8722: 8715: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8696: 8692: 8691: 8684: 8678: 8673: 8669: 8660: 8659: 8652: 8651:H. H. Asquith 8646: 8642: 8641: 8635: 8626: 8625: 8618: 8612: 8608: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8572: 8563: 8561: 8554: 8553:Lord Grenfell 8548: 8543: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8469: 8465: 8460: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440:112 portraits 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8400: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8383: 8371: 8367: 8366:Philip Magnus 8363: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8335: 8329: 8325: 8313: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8298:Wilson, A. N. 8295: 8290: 8284: 8280: 8275: 8271: 8265: 8261: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8243:. M. Joseph. 8242: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8223: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8176: 8173:. No imprint. 8172: 8171: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8150: 8145: 8141: 8133: 8127: 8123: 8122: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8057: 8055: 8051: 8049: 8044: 8041: 8037: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8014: 8008: 8005:. Macmillan. 8004: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7986: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7940: 7935: 7931: 7925: 7921: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7901: 7900: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7833: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7793: 7792: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7719: 7713: 7708: 7707: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7668:. Routledge. 7667: 7662: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7642: 7641: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7574: 7570: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7510: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7450: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7391: 7390: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7332: 7331: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7310: 7309: 7302: 7298: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7231: 7218: 7212: 7204: 7203: 7198: 7192: 7184: 7177: 7169: 7162: 7154: 7147: 7139: 7132: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7106: 7101: 7093: 7086: 7078: 7076:9781775593645 7072: 7068: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7036: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7008: 7001: 6993: 6987: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6666: 6661: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6628: 6623: 6616: 6611: 6603: 6596: 6588: 6582: 6578: 6571: 6565:, p. 13. 6564: 6559: 6557: 6549: 6544: 6542: 6534: 6529: 6527: 6518: 6514: 6508: 6500: 6496: 6490: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6462: 6446: 6440: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6372: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6354: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6322: 6306: 6300: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6233: 6227: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6168: 6164: 6163: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6048: 6032: 6026: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5984: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5946:, p. 28. 5945: 5940: 5924: 5923:Therecord.com 5920: 5914: 5898: 5894: 5893:"The Chapels" 5888: 5886: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5852: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5827: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5775: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5699: 5694: 5692: 5685:, 27 May 1919 5684: 5679: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5608: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5578: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5511: 5506: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5478: 5476: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5431: 5429: 5421: 5416: 5414: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5376: 5371: 5364: 5359: 5352: 5347: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5315:De Groot 1988 5311: 5304: 5303:De Groot 1988 5299: 5292: 5291:De Groot 1988 5287: 5281:, p. 24. 5280: 5279:Woodward 1998 5275: 5269:, p. 20. 5268: 5267:Woodward 1998 5263: 5256: 5255:De Groot 1988 5251: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5231:Woodward 1998 5227: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5202: 5194: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5169:Woodward 1998 5165: 5159:, p. 14. 5158: 5157:Woodward 1998 5153: 5146: 5141: 5134: 5129: 5122: 5117: 5110: 5109:Woodward 1998 5105: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5073: 5067: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5044: 5037: 5036:De Groot 1988 5032: 5025: 5020: 5013: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4977: 4972: 4965: 4960: 4954:, p. 84. 4953: 4948: 4942:, p. 38. 4941: 4940:Terraine 1960 4936: 4929: 4924: 4917: 4916:Terraine 1960 4912: 4910: 4908: 4888: 4882: 4875: 4870: 4863: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4837: 4830: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4791: 4786: 4771: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4700: 4695: 4688: 4683: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4655: 4643: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4620:Pakenham 1979 4616: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4590: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4570: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4529: 4522: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4259:Hastings 1986 4255: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4150: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4099: 4094: 4088:, p. 79. 4087: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3984: 3978: 3972:, p. 54. 3971: 3966: 3959: 3954: 3947: 3942: 3936:, p. 11. 3935: 3934:MacLaren 1978 3930: 3924:, p. 78. 3923: 3918: 3916: 3909:, p. 54. 3908: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3766: 3760:, p. 33. 3759: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3672: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3652: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3609:, p. 17. 3608: 3603: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3558: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3483:Pakenham 1979 3479: 3475: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444:Kitchener bun 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3326: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3297: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3251: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3181: 3178:with swords, 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3140: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3074: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2986:stained glass 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2971:West Midlands 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2918:Chatham, Kent 2915: 2912: 2911:Hedley Le Bas 2907: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856:, located at 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2827: 2818: 2816: 2815:Charles Dance 2812: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2800:Young Winston 2796: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2573:Western Front 2570: 2565: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2497: 2493: 2492:John Jellicoe 2489: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2443: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410:Eastern Front 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2356: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2243:Alfred Milner 2240: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2165:David Fromkin 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2132:Western Front 2128: 2126: 2112: 2108: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2057:Joseph Joffre 2054: 2044: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1918:Colonel Seely 1915: 1911: 1902: 1895: 1890: 1871: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1840:Agadir Crisis 1836: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1802:H. H. Asquith 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1746:Field Marshal 1739: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1712:Lord Hardinge 1709: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1633: 1631: 1630:George Witton 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1308:Egyptian flag 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1276:hors concours 1273: 1269: 1268: 1264:wrote in the 1263: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1144:major-general 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1119:Mahdist State 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1076:In 1896, the 1070: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 976: 971: 969: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 940: 938: 937:Egyptian Army 934: 930: 920: 918: 910: 906: 902: 899: 895: 892: 888: 884: 880: 879: 878: 876: 871: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 676: 667: 665: 661: 657: 656: 649: 647: 643: 642:Western Front 639: 635: 631: 626: 624: 620: 616: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 582: 579: 575: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 550: 520: 517: 516:Field Marshal 508: 505: 504: 503:Complete list 500: 496: 493: 489: 485: 481: 478: 474: 470: 469:Egyptian Army 465: 460: 457: 453: 450: 449:Field marshal 447: 443: 439: 435: 432: 429: 425: 421: 417: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 382: 378: 375: 372: 368: 364: 360: 359: 348: 344: 340: 336: 324: 320: 315: 311: 306: 301: 298: 292: 287: 286:Mahdist State 282: 279: 273: 267: 262: 259: 255: 252: 249: 243: 240: 239: 235: 229: 226: 219: 214: 211: 210:Lord Temporal 207: 203: 200: 197: 191: 188: 185: 179: 173: 168: 165: 161: 158: 155: 149: 146: 145:H. H. Asquith 143: 137: 134:H. H. Asquith 133: 127: 124: 121: 117: 111: 106: 103: 99: 95: 88: 83: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 41: 38: 37:Field Marshal 33: 30: 19: 10134: 9932:army officer 9906:army officer 9891: 9731:John Cobbold 9693:army officer 9210: 8887:Wasey Sterry 8871: 8821: 8812: 8801: 8782: 8778:New creation 8777: 8751: 8719: 8697: 8688: 8683:Lord Roberts 8656: 8639: 8638: 8622: 8591: 8583: 8558: 8534: 8522: 8510: 8498: 8486: 8471:. Retrieved 8467: 8409: 8341: 8333: 8328: 8301: 8278: 8259: 8240: 8221: 8202: 8181: 8167: 8148: 8119: 8101: 8080: 8060: 8047: 8025: 8017:(in 3 vols.) 8001: 7974: 7957: 7938: 7919: 7898: 7874: 7851: 7831: 7811: 7790: 7771:The Boer War 7770: 7748: 7726: 7705: 7684: 7665: 7640:John Debrett 7638: 7623:Fleet street 7617: 7606: 7587: 7568: 7549: 7527: 7508: 7489: 7467: 7448: 7429: 7408: 7388: 7368: 7352:. Springer. 7349: 7329: 7307: 7286: 7266: 7257: 7235: 7211: 7201: 7191: 7182: 7176: 7167: 7161: 7152: 7146: 7137: 7131: 7122: 7116: 7104: 7100: 7091: 7085: 7066: 7060: 7051: 7042: 7006: 7000: 6986: 6977: 6968: 6959: 6950: 6941: 6932: 6923: 6914: 6905: 6896: 6887: 6878: 6869: 6860: 6851: 6842: 6833: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6722:. Retrieved 6718:the original 6708: 6699: 6690: 6681: 6672: 6660: 6648:. Retrieved 6644:the original 6634: 6622: 6610: 6595: 6576: 6570: 6516: 6507: 6498: 6489: 6477:. Retrieved 6470: 6461: 6449:. Retrieved 6439: 6427:. Retrieved 6424:The Guardian 6423: 6413: 6401:. Retrieved 6397:the original 6387: 6375:. Retrieved 6363: 6353: 6341:. Retrieved 6337:the original 6330: 6321: 6309:. Retrieved 6299: 6287:. Retrieved 6283:the original 6273: 6261:. Retrieved 6248: 6236:. Retrieved 6226: 6214:. Retrieved 6201: 6189:. Retrieved 6185:the original 6175: 6161: 6154: 6142:. Retrieved 6138:the original 6128: 6116:. 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Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

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