1100:
1088:
230:
from stylish Old
English style double brick to simple unadorned prefabricated weatherboard. The compulsory purchase and demolition of blocks of 'slums' in the inner and middle ring suburbs also gathered pace, usually replaced by apartment buildings of various designs, from long two storey blocks of prefabricated construction placed diagonally on the blocks in a garden setting to concentrated blocks of concrete and brick four storey walk-ups. Despite the offer of attractive accommodation many residents in 1953 resisted compulsory acquisition, objecting to the affordability of proposed new units. The new housing was too expensive for low income earners and aiming it at middle income earners was regarded by some as dooming the project to fail.
206:
planning authority capacity had also drawn up plans for the future development of
Melbourne but by 1944, it was lacking resources to deal with backlogs of council plans. The commission recruited Frank Heath from its advisory Architects Panel to deal with these problems but it was stripped of its town planning powers later in the same year. The commission's 1944 report found that housing was required in 'large numbers as quickly as possible to house those recently returned to civilian life and catch up on the lag of construction over the war years'. The end of the slum abolitionism was in part due to the ambiguity surrounding what constituted a slum. Slum abolitionists were left disappointed because the
144:
commission's work. On the passing of the legislation, Premier
Dunstan declared the beginning of the commission's activities as a 'war on slums', but also recognised the magnitude of the task before it. The legislation not only gave the Commission powers for housing construction and improvement, but also made it 'a planning authority in its own right'. The Commission's chief concerns, however, were the 'slum pockets' which required 'excision' for the 'common good'. It developed a plan of action in March 1938, concentrating its attention on 1,240 houses in lanes, rights-of-way and slum pockets, referred to in HISAB's earlier report. Slums were to be reclaimed and people rehoused.
106:
202:, there was tension between tenants of the commission's estate and those who had bought homes under an earlier housing program; vandalism was also a problem, both at Fishermans Bend and in the West Brunswick estate. Frances Penington, who was also a social worker, advocated for community facilities to be built at the estates to alleviate some of these problems, these were built after protracted debate by others on the commission. Transportation costs from the new estates to places of employment were also an issue. Despite these issues, residents 'adjusted to their new homes and locations' and appreciated the 'better home environment'.
135:, creating a 'housing crisis'. During the Depression, little new housing was built, which also led to rental housing being a 'seller's market'. Barnett's campaigning against slums led to the establishment the Housing Investigation and Slum Abolition Board (HISAB) in July 1936. The Group proposed to use unemployment relief funds for the rehousing of slum occupants to rentals based on social rather than economic conditions. Its 1937 report found 3,000 houses 'unfit for habitation' and recommended the establishment of a housing commission. Famously, at the same time, Barnett invited Premier
887:
22:
234:
Tank factory building in suburban
Holmesglen, transforming it into a 'Housing Factory' for the production of prefabricated concrete houses and flats. The entire operation became a production line process and by 1948, 1,000 houses had been produced. In the middle 1950s, the factory was producing two to four storey walk up flats, and by 1964 the Concrete House Project was turning out pre-cast walls for villas as well as walk-ups and would soon be producing the components for high rise towers.
406:
679:
1194:
a "hard lockdown" due to more than 11% of residents were found to be positive. The harsh detention sparked an investigation into treatment of the residents, following the arrival of police residents there were not able to source food or essential medicines for 14 days. The result of a $ 5 million class action involving 3,000 residents. The government refused to apologise for its actions despite the ombudsman ruling that it was a human rights violation.
1076:
557:
478:
265:
516:
304:. The towers vary between 20 and 30 storeys in height and come in a variety of plan forms; S, T, Y, I, L and C-shape, the most common being the S-shape. The high-rises have become somewhat iconic, the instantly recognisable image of the Melbourne 'Housing Commission Tower Block' has been used in artworks, film and TV, and as a graphics on T-shirts, bags and the like.
155:, where pre-cast concrete technologies were employed for the first time to build 370 homes. Next was the development of flats at Pigdon Street, Carlton, though the original proposal for three storey flats was reduced to two storeys after local opposition. The commission then began to acquire cheap land in the northern suburbs of
195:
had difficulties dealing with local municipalities, in acquiring properties in the North
Melbourne reclamation area as well as with the labour movement, who believed that the government should subsidise loans to enable workers to buy homes rather than rent them. The rehousing of those from the slums was a difficult task.
1193:
July 4 and July 18 2020 the
Victorian government locked down 9 housing commission towers in the Hotham (North Melbourne) and Debney (Flemington) estates due to an outbreak there which rapidly spread through those communities. The tower at 33 Alfred Street, North Melbourne in particular was subject to
205:
By 1942, building had halted as the commission shifted its focus to post-war planning. It continued to acquire land though, taking advantage of low prices by purchasing land in industrial areas in the western suburbs as well as in the middle class eastern and southern suburbs. The commission, in its
194:
The
Commission's acquisition plans were ambitious and it was bound to come across difficulties. The synchronisation of the 'demolition program' was proving difficult and by June 1940, only 53 families had moved into new houses while only 99 houses had been ordered for demolition. The commission also
233:
The
Commission was keen to produce the largest number of houses at the lowest cost, and in an era when prefabrication was widely regarded as the most efficient construction method, the Commission continued its pre-war development of precast concrete houses. In 1946 it leased the former Commonwealth
1156:
announced that all of the 44 1960s public housing towers will be demolished and rebuilt by 2051 with the first 5 to be pulled down by 2031 are 2 towers in
Flemington (12 Holland Court & 120 Racecourse Road), 1 tower in North Melbourne (33 Alfred Street) and 2 towers in Carlton (20 Elgin Street
1115:
In 1973 due to mounting criticism of its high-rise program, the
Housing Commission announced it would no longer build towers, instead switching to medium density infill (or townhouses) which ironically modelled on the Victorian terraces which were the subject of the original slum clearances of the
229:
After World War II, with greater funding and a severe housing shortage, the Commission's activities greatly expanded through the late 1940s into the 1950s. They began to build larger and larger estates of housing in the suburban fringes, as well as country towns, of both single homes and duplexes,
64:
and many country towns between the late 1940s and the early 70s, providing low rent housing for low income families. The most visible legacy of the commission is the 44 high-rise apartment towers in inner Melbourne, all built using the same pre-cast concrete panel technology as part of a major
143:
The Housing Commission of Victoria was established under the Housing Act 1937 to improve existing housing conditions and to provide adequate housing for persons of limited means; the Slum Reclamation Act 1938 and the Reclamation and Housing (Financial) Act 1938 provided the framework for the
261:. The purchase of the land however was poorly handled, the Commission spending $ 11 million on land, some of which was not suitable for housing, and handing handsome profits to speculators. This 'land scandal' led to a Royal Commission in 1979 which found no evidence of corruption.
253:
In the period of the 1960s-70s large scale redevelopment by the Housing Commission of Victoria caused the displacement of low-income residents. Few former residents residing in the inner-city areas whose houses were demolished by the Commission were resettled in the inner city.
139:
to join him on a personal tour of the slums. Dunstan's government established the Housing Commission of Victoria thereafter: John O’Connor was the commission's first chairman, while Oswald Barnett, Oswald Burt and Frances Pennington were appointed as part-time commissioners.
1139:
The Commission became part of a new Ministry of Housing in 1973, and in 1984 the commission structure was abolished in favour of an Office of Housing within the Ministry of Housing and subsequent similar Ministries. In 2023, Public housing is administered by the
1181:, as well as advocate directly for system wide improvements to policies and procedures, urgent construction of more public housing and on other social justice issues that impact on people who are homeless, insecurely housed or living in public housing.
1123:
Production moved to low rise walk-up and single dwelling units, with about 10,000 homes using locally engineered design and erection methods constructed using the technology. Public housing was also built in regional Victorian cities, such as
276:
that contain around 44 high rises in total (some already demolished and all to be demolished and replaced by 2051). The largest sites contain four towers each as well as a numerous walk-up flats (many replaced in the 2010s); Elizabeth Street,
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was first formed in 2000 as a peak body for Tenant Groups. The organisation now represents people who live in public housing individually, as well as those who have applications on the joint public and community housing waitlist, the
1157:
and 141 Nicholson Street). As of September 2024, the second phase of the high rise redevelopment was Announced with 1 tower in Richmond (139 Highett Street) and 1 tower in South Yarra (259 Malvern Road) will be demolished by 2032.
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model. This has stimulated significant public debate over their heritage significance and possible protection and also their role in alleviating Melbourne's housing crisis and possible refurbishment.
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1950s. This mode had undergone a revival and was thought more favourable in the long term than the high-rise model. Properties built in this style between 1981 and 1983 in Carlton were awarded the
2541:
1087:
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20 to 30 storey height buildings were constructed around Melbourne in the 1960s, until the type of development fell into disrepute. By 1970 nearly 4000 privately owned dwellings had been
1232:
198:
As a landlord, the commission also experienced problems. Tenants were initially reluctant to move, while rents on the estates were more expensive than in their former accommodation. At
69:. Many of the larger estates such as: Atherton Gardens (Fitzroy), Debney Estate (Flemington), Horace Petty Estate (South Yarra), Collingwood and Richmond Estates were modelled on the
25:
Part of the Wellington Street, Collingwood Housing Commission building built 1971. 47 of these template designed steel framed concrete towers consisting of pre-cast slabs covered in
257:
In the early 1970s with the towers out of favour, the Commission turned back to building large suburban estates, including the creation of satellite towns in Pakenham, Sunbury and
2565:
187:
comprised modestly scaled suburban style housing, in simple brick construction, mostly as duplexes, such as the Racecourse Estate in Richmond, and the Railton Grove Precinct in
312:
The height of the towers is proportional to the number of storeys with each storey at 2.6 metres of height resulting in a typical height for a 20 storey tower being 52 metres.
88:
In 2023, the Government of Victoria announced it intended to demolish all the remaining high rise towers which house more than 5,800 families and redevelop the sites under a
77:
were maximised for height in already built up areas. Archive footage exists of construction and life within Melbourne's Housing Commission towers of the 1960s such as this
567:
120 Racecourse Road, 1 building (S-Shaped), 126 Racecourse Road, 1 building (S-Shaped), 130 Racecourse Road, 1 building (S-Shaped), 12 Holland Court, 1 building (S-Shaped)
2553:
113:
Through the 1920s and early 1930s, a campaign highlighting the dreadful conditions and moral dangers of the 'slums' of inner city Melbourne was led by social reformer
1552:. Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Pub. in association with the Dept. of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, and the Australian Heritage Council. p. 217.
2617:
2627:
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33 Alfred Street, 3 buildings (1 Y-Shaped); 12 Sutton Street (1 S-Shaped, 1 T-Shaped); 76 Canning Street (Corner of Boundary Road), 1 building (I-Shaped)
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2050:
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To house the people moved from the slum areas, the commission needed to provide new homes. The commission's first estate was an extension to the
2390:
2479:
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and consolidated his status as the leading anti-slum campaigner in Melbourne. Run-down housing in the inner city areas deteriorated during the
929:
200 Dorcas Street (Emerald Hill Court - 1 building 2 conjoined rectangular towers); Moray Coventry & Dorcas Street: 4 x 5 storey (linear)
2647:
1141:
217:, reviewing the slum reclamation, but also putting forward their plans for a national housing policy. Barnett, Burt and Heath published
2305:
2642:
1165:
Victoria is the only State which has a peak body to represent people who live in public housing, and people on the waiting list. The
2261:
Howe, Renate (September 2009). "New Residents—New City. The Role of Urban Activists in the Transformation of Inner City Melbourne".
1117:
210:
carried by the slum problem were communicated to the mainstream community over messages such as social inequity and social reform.
2225:
2446:
125:
exploring the slum problem in Melbourne. Barnett received high praise for his thesis which was later published by the Melbourne
1557:
2632:
672:
72 Derby Street was Demolished in 1999, the first and only public housing tower to be demolished in Melbourne until 2024.
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2432:
1075:
2456:
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1946:
1918:
1863:
1838:
1813:
1785:
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1685:
1660:
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1532:
1477:
1452:
1362:
1312:
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26:
1213:
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calling for a fairer society and centralised planning. By now, housing for growing numbers was the main concern.
89:
900:
74:
29:, some as tall as 20 to 30 storeys, were constructed across inner Melbourne during the 1960s and early 1970s.
1012:
1245:
Greens say Melbourne housing towers should be fixed amid claims that would be ‘putting lipstick on a pig’
1203:
213:
While the commission was planning for the future, so were its commissioners. Barnett and Burt published
105:
2604:, cutten History Committee of the Fitzroy History Society, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1991.
82:
73:
design philosophy popular in large cities around the world such as New York and London. Others such as
114:
2419:
Amendment Documentation for Adoption Amendment C161port Part 2 to the Port Phillip Planning Scheme
60:
The main activity of the commission was the construction tens of thousands of houses and flats in
1120:(Victoria) Enduring Architecture award in 2010 and later recognised with local heritage status.
2418:
2344:
Residents outraged after bureaucrats keep Albert Park housing estate windows locked in 40C heat
2147:
1628:
984:
127:
46:
1429:
2119:
1417:
489:
483:
349:
148:
1171:
492:(Between Perry & Vere Streets); 240 Wellington Street (Between Perry & Vere Streets)
2313:
1380:
886:
649:
592:
562:
293:
1233:
The man behind the housing towers heritage bid grew up in them. To him, they’re no eyesore
8:
2566:
Melbourne public housing Covid lockdown violated human rights, Victoria's ombudsman finds
1208:
714:
621:
378:
168:
160:
54:
2334:
The High Rise At a Glance. Minister of Housing and Construction Victoria. December 1990.
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2002:
1405:
1285:
859:
829:
800:
278:
180:
70:
2089:
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2290:
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2064:
2006:
1994:
1942:
1914:
1859:
1834:
1809:
1781:
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1701:
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1473:
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1397:
1358:
1308:
1289:
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1190:
1041:
521:
445:
411:
289:
282:
188:
176:
164:
1598:
2401:
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1986:
1524:
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654:
56 Derby Street (L-Shaped); 72 Derby Street (L-Shaped); 94 Ormond Street (I-Shaped)
417:
258:
243:
156:
132:
118:
2532:
by Patrick Durkin and Hannah Wootton. Australian Financial Review 17 December 2020
2306:"Australian studies in law, crime and justice The Victorian land scandals 1973-82"
1328:
2198:
924:
892:
684:
297:
199:
172:
21:
1990:
1273:
1153:
959:
Bounded by Malvern Road, Simmons, Surrey. Essex Street and Little Chapel Street
746:
547:
95 Napier (1970); 90 Brunswick (1971); 140 Brunswick (1971); 125 Napier (1971)
247:
207:
152:
136:
50:
2359:
Creating better futures for residents of high-rise public housing in Melbourne
2274:
2142:
1911:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1856:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1831:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1806:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1778:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1753:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1678:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1653:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1623:
1575:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1470:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1445:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
1305:
New houses for old : fifty years of public housing in Victoria, 1938–1988
78:
2611:
2282:
2114:
1998:
1493:
1401:
1281:
526:
Brunswick Street & Napier Street (Between Gertrude & Condell Streets)
405:
66:
42:
2542:
Investigation underway into North Melbourne public housing tower in lockdown
2115:"SLUMS: "Sure I'd like a shiny Commission home-but I coutdn't pay the rent""
917:
Tallest Public Housing Tower in Melbourne. Proposed for heritage protection
451:
286:
184:
121:
Barnett wrote a thesis submitted to the University of Melbourne, entitled
2585:
954:
720:
301:
1409:
2582:
New houses for old: fifty years of public housing in Victoria 1938–1988
2448:
Making a City in the Country: The Albury-Wodonga National Growth Centre
1125:
678:
2554:
Tower tenants win $ 5m in pandemic lockdown settlement, but no apology
2405:
1519:
Hutchings, Alan (1999). Stephen Hamnett & Robert Freestone (ed.).
1178:
1093:
Atherton Gardens towers during the Gertrude Street Projection festival
585:
12 Holland Court and 120 Raccourse Road will be demolished in 2025-26
2034:
1393:
1110:
1105:
The Atherton Estate towers over nearby heritage buildings in Fitzroy.
477:
273:
61:
556:
2310:
Wayward Governance: Illegality and Its Control in the Public Sector
1858:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. pp. 50–51.
1833:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. pp. 46–47.
1780:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. pp. 43–44.
1472:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. pp. 34–35.
1447:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. pp. 33–34.
2504:
2123:. No. 33, 183. Victoria, Australia. 9 January 1953. p. 2
1632:. No. 19, 420. Victoria, Australia. 15 August 1939. p. 6
1378:
Correspondent, Victorian (1935). "The Slum Problem in Melbourne".
2596:
2151:. No. 24, 042. Victoria, Australia. 17 June 1954. p. 10
1133:
1129:
772:
1939:
Suburban backlash: the battle for the world's most liveable city
1913:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 55.
1808:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 54.
1755:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 41.
1680:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 40.
1655:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 39.
1577:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 37.
1307:. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction. p. 20.
1961:
1260:
Spearritt, Peter (August 1973). "The Australian Slum Stigma".
264:
2227:
Gentrification, Displacement, and Neighborhood Revitalization
515:
2037:
We must go on: a study in planned reconstruction and housing
1017:
235 Nelson Place (Corner of Nelson Place & Pasco Street)
296:. Other large sites contain three buildings; Boundary Road,
224:
2223:
989:
63 Hamner Street (Corner of Thompson & Hanmer Street)
947:
First public housing high rise to be built in Melbourne
57:. It was established in 1938, and was abolished in 1984.
2588:, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Melbourne. 1988.
1166:
1160:
2435:
by Spencer Fowler Steen. Inner City News. 3 March 2022
2019:
1893:
1878:
1184:
272:
There are 28 sites, spread across 19 suburbs in inner
2391:"Kensington Estate Redevelopment Social Impact Study"
977:
259 Malvern Road is earmarked for demolition by 2032
268:
Park Towers in South Melbourne being built in 1967-68
2433:
Public housing in Carlton gets heritage recognition
1262:
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology
897:
332 Park Street. Corner of Park & Cecil Streets
2568:by Matilda Boseley. The Guardian. 17 December 2020
2171:"What is the history of the Holmesglen TAFE site?"
2143:"Subsidised houses in Victoria are too expensive'"
1111:Post high-rise infill housing period and abolition
1081:View of Atherton Gardens, Fitzroy at night in 2005
2389:Hulse, Kath; Herbert, Tania; Down, Karyn (2004).
1255:
1253:
864:150 Inkerman Street (Corner of Henryville Street)
183:. The few estates built by the Commission before
2609:
2388:
1964:Housing Commission, Victoria: The first 25 years
1932:
1930:
1355:The slum abolition movement in Victoria, 1933–37
1147:
2256:
2254:
1941:. Hawthorn, Vic.: Bloomings Books. p. 46.
1799:
1797:
1247:by Margaret Simons.The Guardian. 2 October 2023
707:33 Alfred Street will be demolished in 2025-26
2618:Former government agencies of Victoria (state)
2400:. Swinburne Institute for Social Research: 1.
1250:
438:Distinctive red brick design. Demolished 2024
2530:Victorian housing lockdown illegal: Ombudsman
2354:
2352:
1927:
1521:The Australian metropolis: a planning history
1377:
1357:. Melbourne: Hornet Publications. p. 8.
626:127 Gordon Street (Corner of Shepherd Street)
250:and replaced by nearly 7000 high rise flats.
2444:
2251:
2049:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1966:. Housing Commission of Victoria. p. 3.
1794:
1142:Department of Families, Fairness and Housing
834:139 Highett Street (Corner of Lennox Street)
2428:
2426:
1977:Mayne, Alan (November 1995). "A Just War".
1550:Urban nation: Australia's planning heritage
354:150 Victoria Avenue (Corner of Reed Street)
171:as well as in inner suburban areas such as
2628:Government agencies disestablished in 1982
2349:
2199:"Industrialised Pre-cast Concrete Housing"
2159:– via National Library of Australia.
2131:– via National Library of Australia.
2035:Barnett, F.O., Burt, W.O. & Heath, F.
1640:– via National Library of Australia.
719:1 Holmes Street (Off Heidelberg Road near
383:351 Barkly Street (Corner of McKay Street)
1547:
1518:
1259:
2423:
2303:
1909:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1854:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1804:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1776:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1751:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1676:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1651:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1573:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1468:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1443:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1303:Howe, Renate (1988). Renate Howe (ed.).
1118:Royal Australian Institute of Architects
263:
104:
20:
2623:Government agencies established in 1938
2480:"VA 508 Housing Commission of Victoria"
1962:Housing Commission of Victoria (1963).
1352:
1235:By Royce Millar. The Age. 22 April 2024
225:Addressing the postwar housing shortage
2610:
2556:by David Estcourt. The Age. 9 May 2023
2193:
2191:
805:106, 108, 110 and 112 Elizabeth Street
463:4 (2 S-Shaped, 1 Y-Shaped, 1 T-Shaped)
2544:By Chanel Zagon. 9 News. 17 July 2020
1976:
1936:
1727:"HCV Estate (Railton Grove) Precinct"
726:Frank Wilkes Court (Northcote Estate)
2597:Victorian Government Housing Website
2509:Victorian Public Tenants Association
2260:
2224:J. John Palen; Bruce London (1984).
1908:
1853:
1828:
1803:
1775:
1750:
1675:
1650:
1572:
1467:
1442:
1302:
1167:Victorian Public Tenants Association
1161:Victorian Public Tenants Association
751:Corner Evans, Raglan and Ross Street
2648:1982 disestablishments in Australia
2361:prepared by Ecumenical Housing 2001
2188:
1185:COVID-19 lockdowns and class action
968:3 (2 Y-Shaped, 1 S-Shaped 3 Linear)
965:1963 (walk up flats), 1967 (towers)
570:Debney Meadows (Debney Park) Estate
237:
13:
2398:Swinburne University of Technology
14:
2659:
2602:Fitzroy: Melbourne’s First Suburb
2203:Technology in Australia 1788–1988
2020:Barnett, F.O.; Burt, W.O (1942).
1894:Barnett, F.O.; Burt, W.O (1942).
1879:Barnett, F.O.; Burt, W.O (1942).
852:Earmarked for demolition by 2032
2643:1938 establishments in Australia
2346:by Dana McCauley 4 February 2014
1329:"Housing Commission of Victoria"
1098:
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885:
677:
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514:
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100:
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2013:
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1214:Bendigo street housing campaign
544:824 (200 + 200 + 200 + 200 +24)
2484:Public Records Office Victoria
1599:"EXPERIMENTAL CONCRETE HOUSES"
1461:
1436:
1371:
1346:
1321:
1296:
1238:
1226:
109:Carlton. Slum pocket. ca. 1930
35:Housing Commission of Victoria
1:
2379:Slated for demolition by 2031
2370:Slated for demolition by 2031
2022:Housing the Australian nation
1898:. The Book Depot. p. 22.
1896:Housing the Australian nation
1883:. The Book Depot. p. 46.
1881:Housing the Australian nation
1624:"Forests Of Scaffolding Tell"
1219:
1148:Legacy and Demolition program
215:Housing the Australian Nation
2039:. Melbourne: The Book Depot.
16:Government body in Australia
7:
2633:Public housing in Australia
2230:. SUNY Press. p. 249.
2094:Victorian Heritage Database
2090:"HCV EAST RESERVOIR ESTATE"
1731:Victorian Heritage Database
1706:Victorian Heritage Database
1603:Victorian Heritage Database
1204:Public housing in Australia
1197:
1152:In September 2023, premier
820:795 (197 + 198 + 199 + 201)
669:200 (105 Derby + 95 Ormond)
416:20 Elgin Street (Corner of
10:
2664:
2638:Public policy in Australia
2175:Malvern Historical Society
2069:Victorian Heritage Databse
1991:10.1177/009614429502200104
1548:Freestone, Robert (2010).
1274:10.1177/144078337300900209
1179:free telephone advice line
1172:Victorian Housing Register
1067:
663:2 (L-Shaped), 1 (I-Shaped)
95:
90:Public–private partnership
2312:: 197–210. Archived from
2275:10.1080/08111140903159781
2263:Urban Policy and Research
1333:Encyclopedia of Melbourne
2205:. austehc.unimelb.edu.au
1979:Journal of Urban History
307:
2592:Museum Victoria Website
777:25 & 27 King Street
529:Atherton Gardens Estate
2304:Grabosky, P N (1989).
1353:Russell, E.W. (1972).
454:& 140 Neill Street
269:
110:
47:Government of Victoria
30:
2445:Bruce Pennay (2006).
2120:The Argus (Melbourne)
2065:"HCV Newlands Estate"
1937:Lewis, Miles (1999).
1829:Howe, Renate (1988).
1702:"Racecourse Precinct"
731:1 building (S-Shaped)
704:483 (179 + 149 + 155)
582:527 (174 + 173 + 180)
549:100 Napier 24 (1971)
507:560 (180 + 180 + 200)
469:503 (178 + 177 + 148)
292:and Racecourse Road,
267:
123:The Unsuspected Slums
108:
49:body responsible for
24:
1381:Australian Quarterly
837:Lennox Street Estate
386:Barkly Street Estate
336:Max Height (storeys)
281:, Atherton Gardens,
37:(often shortened to
1209:HomeGround Services
962:Horace Petty Estate
932:Emerald Hill Estate
600:Crown Street Estate
248:compulsory acquired
55:Victoria, Australia
1494:"Commission Meets"
1428:has generic name (
1013:Williamstown North
780:King Street Estate
495:Collingwood Estate
300:and Malvern Road,
270:
149:Garden City Estate
111:
71:Towers in the park
39:Housing Commission
31:
2577:1960s High Rises:
2024:. The Book Depot.
1559:978-0-643-09698-1
1525:Allen & Unwin
1191:COVID-19 Pandemic
1065:
1064:
908:1 (E or C-Shaped)
333:Buildings (Shape)
242:Approximately 27
115:F. Oswald Barnett
27:exposed aggregate
2655:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1394:10.2307/20629248
1375:
1369:
1368:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1102:
1090:
1078:
889:
867:Inkerman Heights
681:
559:
518:
480:
418:Nicholson Street
408:
315:
314:
244:precast concrete
238:1960s high rises
133:Great Depression
119:Great Depression
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2608:
2607:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2413:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2316:on 28 July 2008
2302:
2298:
2259:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2018:
2014:
1975:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1523:. St Leonards:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1441:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1301:
1297:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1200:
1187:
1177:They operate a
1163:
1150:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1070:
1046:49 Union Street
925:South Melbourne
893:South Melbourne
808:Richmond Estate
685:North Melbourne
597:29 Crown Street
310:
298:North Melbourne
240:
227:
200:Fishermans Bend
173:North Melbourne
103:
98:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2661:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2606:
2605:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2511:. 26 July 2015
2496:
2471:
2457:
2451:. UNSW Press.
2437:
2422:
2411:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2348:
2336:
2327:
2296:
2269:(3): 243–251.
2250:
2236:
2216:
2187:
2162:
2134:
2106:
2081:
2056:
2027:
2012:
1969:
1954:
1947:
1926:
1919:
1901:
1886:
1871:
1864:
1846:
1839:
1821:
1814:
1793:
1786:
1768:
1761:
1743:
1718:
1693:
1686:
1668:
1661:
1643:
1615:
1590:
1583:
1565:
1558:
1540:
1533:
1511:
1500:. 2 March 1938
1485:
1478:
1460:
1453:
1435:
1370:
1363:
1345:
1320:
1313:
1295:
1249:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1186:
1183:
1162:
1159:
1154:Daniel Andrews
1149:
1146:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:Nelson Heights
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
993:
990:
987:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
952:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
922:
919:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
898:
895:
890:
882:
881:
879:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
862:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
827:
824:
823:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
798:
795:
794:
792:
789:
786:
783:
781:
778:
775:
770:
767:
766:
764:
762:
759:
756:
754:
752:
749:
747:Port Melbourne
744:
741:
740:
738:
735:
732:
729:
727:
724:
717:
712:
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
682:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
657:Holland Estate
655:
652:
647:
644:
643:
641:
638:
635:
632:
630:
629:Gaskin Gardens
627:
624:
619:
616:
615:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
590:
587:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
560:
552:
551:
545:
542:
539:
533:
530:
527:
524:
519:
511:
510:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
488:229 & 253
486:
481:
473:
472:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
450:480 & 510
448:
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
414:
409:
401:
400:
398:
395:
392:
389:
387:
384:
381:
376:
373:
372:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:Layfield Court
355:
352:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
309:
306:
239:
236:
226:
223:
208:sensationalism
153:Port Melbourne
137:Albert Dunstan
102:
99:
97:
94:
51:public housing
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2660:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2460:
2458:9780868409443
2454:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2239:
2237:0-87395-784-9
2233:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:(1): 75–107.
1984:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1948:1-876473-16-9
1944:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1920:0-7241-4797-7
1916:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1865:0-7241-4797-7
1861:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1840:0-7241-4797-7
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1815:0-7241-4797-7
1811:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1787:0-7241-4797-7
1783:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1762:0-7241-4797-7
1758:
1754:
1747:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1687:0-7241-4797-7
1683:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1662:0-7241-4797-7
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1584:0-7241-4797-7
1580:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1534:1-86508-053-5
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1479:0-7241-4797-7
1475:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1454:0-7241-4797-7
1450:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:(27): 78–80.
1387:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1364:0-85919-191-5
1360:
1356:
1349:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1316:
1314:0-7241-4797-7
1310:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
920:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
888:
884:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
869:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:
765:
763:
760:
757:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
728:
725:
722:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
692:Hotham Estate
691:
688:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
631:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
546:
543:
540:
538:
535:4 (S-Shaped)
534:
531:
528:
525:
523:
520:
517:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:Hoddle Street
487:
485:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
413:
410:
407:
403:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
327:Original Name
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
313:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
284:
280:
275:
266:
262:
260:
255:
251:
249:
245:
235:
231:
222:
220:
219:We Must Go On
216:
211:
209:
203:
201:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:. During the
116:
107:
101:Establishment
93:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:urban renewal
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:, especially
40:
36:
28:
23:
19:
2601:
2584:, edited by
2581:
2576:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2508:
2505:"Who We Are"
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2447:
2440:
2414:
2397:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2339:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2309:
2299:
2266:
2262:
2241:. Retrieved
2226:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2202:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2146:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2118:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:
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