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the younger generations impatient with the slow pacing of
Huaihai opera. In response, the opera began to see reform starting in the 1990s, whereas these reforms have been hampered by a lack of funding that makes the performance of new plays difficult. It is common for other traditional Chinese operas. Now, Huaihai opera is listed on Chinese National Intangible Cultural Heritage.
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The four decades from the 1950s to 1980s were another golden age for the opera. However, the diversified means of cultural consumption and the impacts from TV programs, pop music, and internet have almost driven the opera into a blind alley. Furthermore, the influence of
Western culture has also left
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The
Huaihai opera is fairly close to people's lives and it can be played at anywhere. After the 1880s, some opera stages were built according to the stage of Peking opera. The stages have traditionally been square platforms. The action on stage is usually visible from at least three sides.
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Huaihai opera began in the years around the 1830s and originally as a folk ditty in
Shuyang. Fifty years later, several famous troupes were found and spread to the other regions near Shuyang rapidly. In 1900, female artists first appeared on the stage. In the
107:. Performers are first trained in acrobatics, followed by singing and gestures. Since the teacher fully provided for the pupil during this period, the student accrued a debt to his master that was later repaid through performance earnings.
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The most common tunes of
Huaihai opera are "Eastern" as well as "Good Sights". The song lyrics generally includes emotive, condemnatory, narrative, descriptive, disputive, and "shared space separate sensations" lyrics.
79:), almost all the artists jointed the resistance. The artists wrote and played hundreds of new operas in order to energize the people. This also was the fully developed and recognised time for the Huaihai opera.
224:, a two-stringed bowed musical instrument. Since the instruments of Peking opera are introduced, the percussion instruments like the daluo, xiaoluo, and naobo have played more important role in the performance.
134:, these characters sing in a high, shrill voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence. The xiaosheng performer are often involved in the love stories with beautiful women.
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The repertoire of
Huaihai opera involves of over 100 works. Most of the works are focused on the lives of ordinary people. The plays taken from historical novels or traditional stories are also very popular.
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Like most of traditional
Chinese theatres, a Huaihai opera performer requires a long and arduous apprenticeship beginning from an early age. Before the 1940s, pupils were often
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handpicked at a young age by a tutor and trained for at least 5 years on contract from the child's parents. In larger troupes, the pupils would be trained for
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The accompaniment for a
Huaihai opera performance includes an ensemble of melodic and percussion instruments. The lead melodic instrument is the
38:) is a form of local traditional Chinese theatre which combines musics, vocal performance, and dance. Some plays contain mime, acrobatics, and
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The laosheng is a dignified older role. These characters are generally gentlemen, senior officers, generals, and noblemen.
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156:(旦) refers to any female role in Huaihai opera. Dan roles were originally divided into five subtypes.
119:(生) is the main male role in Huaihai opera. This role were originally divided into five subtypes.
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Xiaosheng is a young handsome male character. Similar to
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Huaihai opera is performed using both
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137:Wentongsheng: Wentongsheng refers to a bit role.
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299:沭阳县地方志编纂委员会，《沭阳县志》，江苏科技出版社，1997年.
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483:Ping opera
364:zghhxw.com
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237:References
228:Repertoire
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863:Xiaosheng
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658:Nuo opera
633:Yue opera
568:Min opera
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177:Staging
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66:History
48:Shuyang
40:Kung fu
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920:Lingzi
143:Goujue
52:Suqian
34::
26::
877:Wudan
857:Sheng
813:Nanxi
774:Tanci
713:Baiju
552:Kunqu
212:Music
199:now.
128:Kunqu
117:Sheng
111:Sheng
892:Chou
885:Jing
820:Zaju
732:Guci
702:Quyi
371:2017
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321:2017
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262:2017
222:erhu
203:Song
152:The
130:and
115:The
58:and
871:Dan
154:Dan
148:Dan
36:淮海戲
28:淮海戏
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