Hugh Trevor-Roper - Knowledge

1162:. For the next two years, Trevor-Roper went on an odyssey that took him all over Britain, France, Switzerland, the United States, Canada and China as he sought to unravel the mystery of just who the elusive Backhouse was. Backhouse had between 1898 and his death in 1944 worked as a sinologist, the business agent for several British and American companies in China, a British spy, gun-runner and translator before finally ending his days in World War II China as a fascist and a Japanese collaborator who wished fervently for an Axis victory which would destroy Great Britain. Trevor-Roper noted that despite Backhouse's homosexuality and Nazi Germany's policy of persecuting homosexuals, Backhouse's intense hatred of his own country together with his sadistic-masochistic sexual needs meant that Backhouse longed to be "ravished and possessed by the brutal, but still perverted masculinity of the fascist 921:

tins and vermin, ashes and eggshells and ordure, the intellectual detritus of centuries". Cesarani wrote that Trevor-Roper regarded Hitler, in marked contrast to Bullock, as a man who was serious about what he said but at the same time, Trevor-Roper's picture of Hitler as a somewhat insane leader, fanatically pursuing lunatic policies, meant paradoxically that it was hard to take Hitler seriously, at least on the basis of Trevor-Roper's writings. Cesarani stated that Trevor-Roper was sincere in his hatred and contempt for the Nazis and everything they stood for but he had considerable difficulty when it came to writing about the complicity and involvement of traditional German elites in National Socialism, because the traditional elites in Germany were so similar in many ways to the British establishment, which Trevor-Roper identified with so strongly.

1403: 1183:, Backhouse spoke of his efforts to raise money to pay the defence lawyers for Wilde while he was an undergraduate at Oxford. Trevor-Roper established that while Backhouse did indeed raise money for the Wilde defence fund, he spent it all on buying expensive jewellery, especially pearl necklaces, which were a special passion of Backhouse's. It was this embezzlement of the money Backhouse had raised for the Wilde defence fund that led to him fleeing Britain in 1895. The discrediting of Backhouse as a source led to much of China's history being re-written in the West. Backhouse had portrayed Prince 45: 3981: 4216: 1044:. Trevor-Roper wrote that in his opinion far too many British historians had allowed themselves to be persuaded of the theory that the outbreak of war in 1914 had been the fault of all the great powers. He claimed that this theory had been promoted by the German government's policy of selective publication of documents, aided and abetted by most German historians in a policy of "self-censorship". He praised Röhl for finding and publishing two previously secret documents that showed German responsibility for the war. 249: 229: 973:; were all manifestations of the same problems. The most important causes of the "general crisis" in Trevor-Roper's opinion were conflicts between "Court" and "Country"; that is, between the increasingly powerful centralizing, bureaucratic, sovereign princely states, represented by the Court, and the traditional, regional, land-based aristocracy and gentry, representing the country. In addition, he said that the religious and intellectual changes introduced by the 817:, argued that the causes of the Civil War had nothing to do with the gentry. In 1948, a paper put forward by Stone in support of Tawney's thesis was vigorously attacked by Trevor-Roper, who showed that Stone had exaggerated the debt problems of the Tudor nobility. He also rejected Tawney's theories about the rising gentry and declining nobility, arguing that he was guilty of selective use of evidence and that he misunderstood the statistics. 2070: 1439:

Jewish guests at high table. For the next seven years, Trevor-Roper battled to suppress the insurgency of the Cowling clique ("a strong mind trapped in its own glutinous frustrations"), and to bring the college back to a condition in which students might actually want to go there. Neither side won this struggle, which soon became a campaign to drive Trevor-Roper out of the college by grotesque rudeness and insubordination.

2094: 1594:, "as titular head of the Brand family", inform Trevor-Roper that the Dacre title belonged to the Brand family "and no-one else should breach their monopoly", on the grounds of the title's antiquity of over six centuries. This high-handed treatment strengthened Trevor-Roper's resolve in the face of his initial ambivalence; he observed "why should the Brands be so 'proud', or so jealous, of a mere title 937:

that "to maintain the illusion of virtuous British liberalism, Hitler had to be depicted as either a statesman like any other or a monster without equal, and those who did business with him as, respectively, pragmatists or dupes. Every current of Nazi society that made it distinctive could be charted, while the anti-Jewish racism that it shared with Britain was discreetly avoided".

1202:, lived most of his life in Beijing and after moving to China had declined to wear western clothes, preferring instead the gown of a Chinese mandarin, which led most Westerners to assume that Backhouse "knew" China. Trevor-Roper noted that despite his superficial appearance of affection for the Chinese, much of what Backhouse wrote about on China worked subtly to confirm Western " 2082: 932:, who Trevor-Roper noted "had been a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, but he had acquired none of its values". Cesarani wrote "Thus, to Trevor-Roper the values of Oxford University stood at the opposite pole to those of Hitler's Reich, and one reason for the ghastly character of Nazism was that it did not share them". Cesarani noted that while Trevor-Roper supported the 1194:, it has Prince Ronglu saying in French about the government's support of the Boxers: "It was worse than a crime; it was a blunder." Trevor-Roper argued that it was extremely unlikely that Prince Ronglu – who only knew Manchu and Mandarin – would be quoting a well-known French expression, but noted that Backhouse was fluent in French. Backhouse was fluent in 1602:, of whom nothing whatever is known, had married into the Trevor-Ropers (who had themselves acquired it by marrying into the Lennards). Now they behave as if they had owned it for six centuries and had a monopoly of it for ever. A fig for their stuffiness!" Notwithstanding objections, Trevor-Roper duly took the title of Baron Dacre of Glanton. 606:, in which he described the last ten days of Hitler's life and the fates of some of the higher-ranking members of the inner circle, as well as those of key lesser figures. Trevor-Roper transformed the evidence into a literary work, with sardonic humour and drama, and was much influenced by the prose styles of two of his favourite historians, 1430:. The fellows chose him because Cowling's reactionary clique thought he would be an arch-conservative who would oppose the admission of women. In the event, Trevor-Roper feuded constantly with Cowling and his allies, while launching a series of administrative reforms. Women were admitted in 1983 at his urging. The British journalist 1271:. Trevor-Roper said "there is only the history of Europeans in Africa. The rest is darkness", its past "the unedifying gyrations of barbarous tribes in picturesque but irrelevant corners of the globe". These comments, recapitulated in a later article which called Africa "unhistoric", spurred intense debate between historians, 988:, who agreed with him that there was a "general crisis", but saw the problems of 17th century Europe as more economic in origin than Trevor-Roper would allow. A third faction denied that there was any "general crisis", for example the Dutch historian Ivo Schöffer, the Danish historian Niels Steensgaard, and the 1287:

about the definition of "history". Historians have argued, in response, that historical myths of the kind perpetrated by Trevor-Roper need to be actively countered: "Only a process of counter-selection can correct this, and African historians have to concentrate on those aspects which were ignored by

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Derek Sandhaus, however, notes that Trevor-Roper did not consult specialists in Chinese affairs, and seems to have read only enough of the text to have been disgusted by its homosexuality. While conceding that Backhouse fabricated or imagined many of these assignations, Sandhaus finds that others are

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between those who argued that Hitler aimed to conquer the world and those who argued that he sought only the conquest of Europe, Trevor-Roper was one of the leading continentalists. He argued that the globalist case sought to turn a scattering of Hitler's remarks made over decades into a plan. In his

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Trevor-Roper wrote that the mind of Hitler was "a terrible phenomenon, imposing indeed in its granite harshness and yet infinitely squalid in its miscellaneous cumber, like some huge barbarian monolith; the expression of giant strength and savage genius; surrounded by a festering heap of refuse, old

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attack", writing that Trevor-Roper in his writings on Nazi Germany was indifferent to Nazi antisemitism, because she believed that he was a snobbish antisemite, who was apathetic about the murder of six million Jews. Cesarani wrote that Dawidowicz was wrong to accuse Trevor-Roper of antisemitism but

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Trevor-Roper explained that he had been given assurances (that turned out to be false) about how the diaries had come into the possession of their "discoverer", and about the age of the paper and ink used in them and of their authenticity. Nonetheless, this incident prompted the satirical magazine

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and ended his days as a Tory life-peer, he was broadly speaking a liberal and believed that Britain was a great nation because of its liberalism. Because of this background, Cesarani wrote that Trevor-Roper naturally saw the liberal democracy Britain as anathema to Nazi Germany. Cesarani concluded

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should be understood as an art, not a science and that the attribute of a successful historian was imagination. He viewed history as full of contingency, with the past neither a story of continuous advance nor of continuous decline but the consequence of choices made by individuals at the time. In

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Trevor-Roper was a very firm "intentionalist" who treated Hitler as a serious, if slightly deranged thinker who, from 1924 until his death in 1945, was obsessed with "the conquest of Russia, the extermination of the Slavs, and the colonization of the English". In his 1962 essay "The Mind of Adolf

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For Trevor-Roper, the major themes of early modern Europe were its intellectual vitality, and the quarrels between Protestant and Catholic states, the latter being outpaced by the former, economically and constitutionally. In Trevor-Roper's view, another theme of early modern Europe was expansion

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Lord Dacre, far from being a romantic Tory ultra, turned out to be an anti-clerical Whig with a preference for free speech over superstition. He did not find it normal that fellows should wear mourning on the anniversary of General Franco’s death, attend parties in SS uniform or insult black and

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Another aspect of Trevor-Roper's outlook on history and on scholarly research that has inspired controversy is his statement about the historical experiences of pre-literate societies. Following Voltaire's remarks on the fall of the Roman Empire at the hands of barbarian tribes, he asserted that

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At times the discussion became quite heated; the Italian Marxist historian Rosario Villari, speaking of the work of Trevor-Roper and Mousnier, claimed that: "The hypothesis of imbalance between bureaucratic expansion and the needs of the state is too vague to be plausible, and rests on inflated

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in 1934 and won the Craven, the Ireland, and the Hertford scholarships in Classics. Initially, both he and his brother intended to make their careers in the Classics, but Hugh became bored with what he regarded as the pedantic technical aspects of the classics course at Oxford and switched to

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For the most part Trevor-Roper relied on investigations and interviews by hundreds of British, American and Canadian intelligence officers. He did not have access to Soviet materials. Working rapidly, Trevor-Roper drafted his report, which served as the basis for his most famous book,

949:". He argued that the middle years of the 17th century in Western Europe saw a widespread break-down in politics, economics and society caused by demographic, social, religious, economic and political problems. In this "general crisis", various events, such as the English Civil War; 1605:

In his last years he had suffered from failing eyesight, which made it difficult for him to read and write. He underwent cataract surgery and obtained a magnifying machine, which allowed him to continue writing. In 2002, at the age of 88, Trevor-Roper submitted a sizable article on

355:'s bunker. From interviews with a range of witnesses and study of surviving documents, he demonstrated that Hitler was dead and had not escaped from Berlin. He also showed that Hitler's dictatorship was not an efficient unified machine but a hodge-podge of overlapping rivalries. 1624:

praised as "the work of a master". Trevor-Roper suffered several other minor ailments related to his advanced age, but according to his stepson, "bore all his difficulties stoically and without complaint". That year, he was diagnosed with cancer and died on 26 January 2003 in a

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either would require him to change his surname to either 'Trevor' or 'Roper.'" On mentioning the family's connection to the Dacre title to his wife, who liked the sound of it, Trevor-Roper was persuaded to opt for the title of "Baron Dacre", despite staunch opposition from the

1598:... a gewgaw, which has been bandied intermittently from family to family for six centuries, without tradition or continuity or distinction (except for murder, litigation and extravagance) or, for the last 250 years, land? They only acquired this pretty toy, in 1829, because a 1447:

wrote that the picture of Peterhouse in the 1980s was "startling", stating the college had become under Cowling's influence a sort of right-wing "lunatic asylum", who were determined to sabotage Trevor-Roper's reforms. In 1987 he retired complaining of "seven wasted years".

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plausible or independently confirmed and he reasons that Backhouse spoke Chinese, Manchu, and Mongolian, the languages of the imperial household, and his account of the atmosphere and customs of the Empress Dowager's court may be more reliable than Trevor-Roper allowed.

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Stone, Tawney and Hill argued that the gentry were rising economically and that this caused the Civil War. Trevor-Roper argued that while office-holders and lawyers were prospering, the lesser gentry were in decline. A third group of history men around

344:... have lastingly transformed their fields." On the other hand, his biographer Adam Sisman also writes that "the mark of a great historian is that he writes great books, on the subject which he has made his own. By this exacting standard Hugh failed." 617:

The book was cleared by British officials in 1946 for publication as soon as the war crimes trials ended. It was published in English in 1947; six English editions and many foreign language editions followed. According to American journalist

1206:" stereotypes, as Backhouse variously depicted the Chinese as pathologically dishonest, sexually perverted, morally corrupt and generally devious and treacherous – in short, Chinese civilization for Backhouse was a deeply sick civilization. 1020:

rhetoric, typical of a certain type of political conservative, rather than on effective analysis." Villari accused Trevor-Roper of downgrading the importance of what Villari called the English Revolution (the usual Marxist term for the

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he said that the commission employed a "smokescreen of often irrelevant material" and "accepted impermissible axioms, constructed invalid arguments, and failed to ask elementary and essential questions". He wrote the introduction to

907:... Hitler was a systematic thinker and his mind is, to the historian, as important as the mind of Bismarck or Lenin". Trevor-Roper maintained that Hitler, on the basis of a wide range of antisemitic literature, from the writings of 714:. In Trevor-Roper's view, the witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries can ultimately be traced back to the conflict between the religious values of the Reformation and the rationalistic approach of what became the Enlightenment. 588:, and to rebut the Soviet propaganda that Hitler was alive and living in the West. Using the alias of "Major Oughton", Trevor-Roper interviewed or prepared questions for several officials, high and low, who had been present in the 1374:

demonstrated that the diaries were forgeries. The ensuing fiasco gave Trevor-Roper's enemies the opportunity to criticise him openly, while Trevor-Roper's initial endorsement of the diaries raised questions about his integrity:

778:. The Puritans desired a more decentralised and egalitarian church, with an emphasis on the laity, while the Arminians wished for an ordered church with a hierarchy, an emphasis on divine right and salvation through free will. 754:. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper wrote that Braudel and other Annalists were doing much innovative historical work but were "totally excluded from Oxford which remains, in historical matters, a retrograde provincial backwater". 1028:, attacked the concept of a conflict between "Court" and "Country" as fiction, arguing there was no "general crisis"; instead she maintained that the so-called "general crisis" was merely the emergence of capitalism. 734:

and religious trends. His preferred medium of expression was the essay rather than the book. In his essays in social history, written during the 1950s and 1960s, Trevor-Roper was influenced by the work of the French

1381:, a newspaper to which he regularly contributed book reviews and of which he was an independent director, had already paid a considerable sum for the right to serialise the diaries if and only if they were genuine. 1307:, Annalist or the traditional historical methods used by Trevor-Roper. Some say approaches which compare Africa with Europe or directly integrate it into European history cannot qualify as accurate descriptions of 1179:. Backhouse had long been regarded as a world's leading expert on China. In his biography, Trevor-Roper exposed the vast majority of Sir Edmund's life-story and virtually all of his scholarship as a fraud. In 1096:(1873–1944) in a mixture of English, French, Latin and Chinese that had been in the custody of Reinhard Hoeppli, a Swiss diplomat who was the Swiss consul in Beijing during World War II. Hoeppli, given 1108:

to the market. However, before doing so they wanted Trevor-Roper, who as a former MI6 officer was an expert on clandestine affairs, to examine some of the more outlandish claims contained in the text.

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Cesarani, David (2008). "From Bullock to Kershaw: Some Peculiarities of British Historical Writing About the Nazi Persecution and Mass Murder of the Jews". In Bankier, David; Michman, Dan (eds.).

774:. For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments; only later did the dispute become a matter of the structure of the 1119:

on them, which the fascistic Backhouse used as evidence of British "decadence", which in turn explained why he was supporting Germany and Japan in the Second World War. Trevor-Roper regarded

702:, for instance, Trevor-Roper accused Toynbee of regarding himself as a Messiah complete with "the youthful Temptations; the missionary Journeys; the Miracles; the Revelations; the Agony". 1359:, for example, initially decried them as forgeries but subsequently changed his mind and declared that they could be genuine, before finally stating that they were a forgery. Historians 4195: 903:

Hitler", Trevor-Roper again criticized Bullock, writing "Even Mr. Bullock seems content to regard him as a diabolical adventurer animated solely by an unlimited lust for personal power

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with considerable distaste calling the manuscript "pornographic" and "obscene" as Backhouse related in graphic detail sexual encounters he claimed to have had with the French poet

3508:"Lady Alexandra Henrietta Louisa Haig (later Alexandra Trevor-Roper, Lady Dacre) (1907–1997), Wife of Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre; daughter of Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig" 4371: 3507: 1190:

Trevor-Roper noted that in the "diary" of Ching Shan, which Backhouse claimed to have looted from Ching's house just before it was burned down by Indian troops in the

789:, whose materialist (and in some measure "inevitablist") explanations of the English Civil War he attacked. Trevor-Roper was a leading player in the historiographical 692:

Trevor-Roper was famous for his lucid and acerbic writing style. In reviews and essays he could be pitilessly sarcastic, and devastating in his mockery. In attacking

3765: 917:, had constructed a racist ideology that called for making Germany the world's greatest power and the extermination of perceived enemies such as the Jews and Slavs. 4124: 4341: 634:, and that for this he deserved to die. Rosenbaum reports that Trevor-Roper told him this was the most extreme response he had ever received for one of his books. 502:

with seniority in that rank from 1 October 1938, and attached to cavalry unit of the Oxford University Contingent of the OTC. On 15 July 1940, he was promoted to

3420: 1511:. The topics contributed by this group of American, British, French, Russian, Italian, Israeli, Canadian and German historians extended from whether the 1100:

in 1943 by his friend Backhouse, had been unable to publish it owing to its sexually explicit content. But by 1973 looser censorship and the rise of the

1024:), and insisted that the "general crisis" was part of a Europe-wide revolutionary movement. Another Marxist critic of Trevor-Roper, the Soviet historian 2970: 4316: 4376: 4336: 401:... as a boy he was aware that only a dozen lives (several of them those of elderly bachelors) separated him from inheriting the Teynham peerage." 324:. In the view of John Kenyon, "some of short essays have affected the way we think about the past more than other men's books". This is echoed by 4361: 4291: 4286: 2837: 2565: 1828:

The Romantic Movement and the Study of History: the John Coffin memorial lecture delivered before the University of London on 17 February 1969

4201: 2029: 611: 534:. In early 1940, Trevor-Roper and E. W. B. Gill decrypted some of these intercepts, demonstrating the relevance of the material and spurring 1529:

On 4 October 1954, Trevor-Roper married Lady Alexandra Henrietta Louisa Howard-Johnston (9 March 1907 – 15 August 1997), eldest daughter of

2227: 1311:. Most scholars of any mettle now agree that Africa has a "history". Despite controversies over historical accuracy in oral records, as in 853:" instead of the ideologue Trevor-Roper believed him to be. When Taylor offered a picture of Hitler similar to Bullock's, in his 1961 book 378:, England, the son of Kathleen Elizabeth Davidson (died 1964) and Bertie William Edward Trevor-Roper (1885–1978), a doctor, descended from 4386: 4311: 913: 684:, but had reservations about what he regarded as the over-didactic tone of some of its contributors, particularly Koestler and Borkenau. 506: 306: 142: 4326: 4091: 4044: 4356: 4331: 4321: 3652:

Parker, Geoffrey (January 2014). "The Search for Hitler: Hugh Trevor-Roper, Humphrey Serle, and the Last Days of Hitler: Prologue".

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He formed a low opinion of most pre-war professional intelligence officers, but a higher one of some of the post-1939 recruits. In

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Douglas, Sarah K. (January 2014). "The Search for Hitler: Hugh Trevor-Roper, Humphrey Serle and the Last Days of Hitler: Text".

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were, economically, on the way down or up, in the century before the English Civil War and whether this helped cause that war.

351:(1947). It emerged from his assignment as a British intelligence officer in 1945 to discover what happened in the last days of 4045:"Review of 'Letters from Oxford', a new edited collection of Trevor-Roper's correspondence with Bernard Berenson in the 1950s" 1303:". Critics of Trevor-Roper's claim have questioned the validity of systematic interpretations of the African past, whether by 984:

The "general crisis" thesis generated controversy between supporters of this theory, and those, such as the Marxist historian

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Despite the shadow this cast over his later career, he continued to write and publish and his work remained well received.

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The end result was one of Trevor-Roper's most successful later books, his 1976 biography of Backhouse, originally entitled

3574: 4366: 1591: 966: 855: 510: 274: 3681: 1248:, a satirical work on the student revolts and university politics of the late 1960s, originally published as letters in 4110: 3835: 2489: 2477: 2371: 1645:, a collection of letters written by Trevor-Roper between 1947 and 1959 to his close friend the American art collector 849:

had fixed aims. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper was ferocious in his criticism of Bullock for his portrayal of Hitler as a "

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Winter, P. R. (December 2007). "A Higher Form of Intelligence: Hugh Trevor-Roper and Wartime British Secret Service".

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and was thanked in the acknowledgements section for being "kind enough to read the manuscript and make suggestions".

3976: 3823: 3775: 3751: 3383: 2781: 2745: 2657: 2602: 2529: 2265: 2155: 2022: 1980: 1967: 1953: 1939: 1093: 514: 2008: 1053: 996:. Trevor-Roper's "general crisis" thesis provoked much discussion, and led experts in 17th century history such as 3598: 3521: 1574:. He did not base his title on his surname, because "double-barrelled titles are an invention, and a monopoly, of 3994: 3424: 2334: 4173:"A Cheat Dog-Collared The Professor & the Parson: A Story of Desire, Deceit & Defrocking By Adam Sisman" 4148: 4132: 340:... Some of his essays are of Victorian length. All of them reduce large subjects to their essence. Many of them 4076: 3732: 1530: 1264: 1115:

that the wives and daughters of British diplomats in Beijing had trained their dogs and tamed foxes to perform

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As a historian of early modern Britain, Trevor-Roper was known for his disputes with fellow historians such as

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was a part of an oral tradition that was later written down, to the question of the responsibility for the

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history, where he obtained first-class honours in 1936. Whilst at Oxford, he was a member of the exclusive

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Selling Hitler: The Extraordinary Story of the Con Job of the Century – The Faking of the Hitler "Diaries"

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and essayist on a range of historical topics, but particularly England in the 16th and 17th centuries and

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P. R. J. Winter, "A Higher Form of Intelligence: Hugh Trevor-Roper and Wartime British Secret Service,"

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History and Imagination: A Valedictory Lecture Delivered before the University of Oxford on 20 May 1980

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The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation, and Social Change, and Other Essays

1762:, Volume 8, 1960 pp. 121–133, translated into English as "Hitler's War Aims" pages 235–250 from 4061: 2995:"On the Aisle: Preview of Mark Lane's 'Rush to Judgment,' In Inquiry into the Evidence's Other Side" 2400: 4197:

The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation and Social Change and Other Essays

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analysis, the only consistent objective Hitler sought was the domination of Europe, as laid out in

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Discussion of H. R. Trevor-Roper: "The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century" pages 8–42 from

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are from the journals that Trevor-Roper kept during his years in the Secret Intelligence Service.

4351: 4030: 1689: 1419: 1322: 933: 585: 454: 325: 160: 3987: 2234: 3624: 2476:(2011). "Chapter 17: How Dilly Knox and His Girls Broke the Abwehr Enigma". In Erskine, Ralph; 2034: 1852:

Queen Elizabeth's First Historian: William Camden and the Beginning of English "Civil History",

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to nickname him "Hugh Very-Ropey", "Lord Lucre of Claptout", or more concisely, "Lord Facre".

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Many historians now argue, against Trevor-Roper, that historical evidence should also include

4243: 3541: 2303: 1677: 1599: 1496: 1001: 790: 441: 425: 113: 4101: 4052: 2417: 4276: 4271: 3154: 3143:"What's New About African History?" John Edward Philips, History News Network, 6 April 2006 1669:. The latter work was largely completed by 1979, but for unknown reasons was not finished. 1666: 1537: 1227: 1148: 958: 954: 727: 711: 675: 417: 405: 310: 206: 25: 8: 3351:

Fugelstad, Finn (1992). "The Trevor-Roper Trap or the Imperialism of History. An Essay".

2677: 1654: 1611: 1422:. His election, which surprised his friends, was engineered by a group of fellows led by 1132: 1101: 543: 421: 3980: 2281: 1085:

In 1973, Trevor-Roper was invited to visit Switzerland to examine a manuscript entitled

4156: 3949: 3941: 3852: 3704: 3546: 3271: 3263: 2975: 2442: 2422: 2388: 2196: 1784: 1662: 1658: 1544:, by whom she had had three children. There were no children by his marriage with her. 1472: 1199: 1070: 946: 698: 2971:"BRITON QUESTIONS WARREN FINDINGS; Historian Calls the Kennedy Death Report 'Suspect'" 1680:. It was published in 2008. The fourth book collecting together some of his essays on 1536:

by his wife, the former Hon. Dorothy Maud Vivian. Lady Alexandra was a goddaughter of

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Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer

2485: 2367: 2261: 2208: 2151: 2018: 1976: 1963: 1949: 1935: 1712: 1555: 1541: 1492: 1308: 1195: 1061: 1057: 1025: 1021: 993: 826: 775: 771: 723: 693: 528:, and then on the interception of messages from the German intelligence service, the 499: 4172: 1676:, a critique written in the mid-1970s of what Trevor-Roper regarded as the myths of 4220: 4096: 3933: 3844: 3716: 3696: 3255: 2086: 1646: 1504: 1411: 1377: 1360: 1284: 1231: 1074: 1065: 863:, who was angered by Trevor-Roper's repeated harsh attacks on the Catholic Church. 521: 358:

Trevor-Roper's reputation was "severely damaged" in 1983 when he authenticated the

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of China whom the openly gay Backhouse had maintained had forced herself on him.

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In this respect, Cesarani argued that it was very revealing that Trevor-Roper in

879: 834: 743: 659: 651: 565: 503: 465: 859:, the debate continued. Another feud was with the novelist and Catholic convert 722:

his studies of early modern Europe, Trevor-Roper did not focus exclusively upon

622:, Trevor-Roper received a letter from Lisbon written in Hebrew stating that the 590: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3619: 3415: 2561: 2098: 2074: 1552: 1468: 1431: 1352: 1292: 1272: 1218:

In 1960, Trevor-Roper waged a successful campaign against the candidacy of Sir

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as a friend of the West and an enemy of the Boxers when the opposite was true.

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overseas in the form of colonies and intellectual expansion in the form of the

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Davis, R. Hunt (1973). "Interpreting the Colonial Period in African History".

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Princes and Artists: Patronage and Ideology at Four Habsburg Courts, 1517–1633

475:, in which he challenged many of the prevailing perceptions surrounding Laud. 4265: 4236: 3874: 3761: 2212: 1607: 1575: 1488: 1476: 1250: 1241: 1223: 1219: 1124: 1009: 985: 619: 607: 488: 391: 4017: 3746:. Vol. 2 M–Z. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 1204–1205. 3400:

Telling Lies About Hitler: The Holocaust, History and the David Irving Trial

928:

was especially damning in his picture of the German Finance Minister, Count

4115: 4081: 3890: 3668: 3246:

Mazrui, Ali A. (1969). "European Exploration and Africa's Self-Discovery".

3118: 1626: 1518: 1500: 1480: 1371: 1356: 1203: 1013: 989: 860: 846: 842: 838: 810: 798: 663: 495: 472: 321: 284: 254: 132: 44: 3937: 3787:

Trevor-Roper's Critique of Arnold Toynbee: A Symptom of Intellectual Chaos

3575:"H. R. Trevor-Roper, R.I.P. – Michael Knox Beran – National Review Online" 3170:

Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1969). "The Past and Present: History and Sociology".

2717:

H. R. Trevor-Roper, "The Elizabethan Aristocracy: An Anatomy Anatomized,"

2304:"Dacre of Glanton, Baron, (Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper) (1914–26 Jan. 2003)" 1934:. Edited by Richard Davenport-Hines. L.: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006, 568:, to overthrow the Nazi regime and negotiate with the British government. 3446: 2473: 2308: 1879: 1457: 1387: 1348: 1276: 1236: 1155: 1128: 1116: 978: 767: 647: 409: 395: 329: 101: 3945: 542:

traffic later played an important part in many operations including the

2722: 1999:

My Dear Hugh: Letters from Richard Cobb to Hugh Trevor-Roper and Others

1794:

edited by H.R. Trevor-Roper; with a foreword by Lord David Cecil (1964)

1724: 1415: 1312: 1300: 1154:

Backhouse also claimed to have been the friend of the Russian novelist

950: 873: 830: 623: 577: 554: 469: 413: 3742:

Robinson, Kristen (1999). "Trevor-Roper, Hugh". In Boyd, Kelly (ed.).

3267: 1641:

Five books by Trevor-Roper were published posthumously. The first was

895:

argued that there was an element of truth to her critique in that the

630:, which, they believed, portrayed Hitler as a "demoniacal" figure but 4066: 2652:. Vol. 2. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 1024–5. 2648:

Robinson, Kristen (1999). "Trevor-Roper, Hugh". In Kelly Boyd (ed.).

1548: 1343: 850: 450: 305:(15 January 1914 – 26 January 2003) was an English historian. He was 1367:

had also expressed doubt regarding the authenticity of the diaries.

594:

with Hitler, and who had been able to escape to the West, including

3563:, ed. Richard Davenport-Hines, Adam Sisman, Oxford University Press 2869:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, pages 20–21 & 25–26. 1834:

The European Witch-Craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

1090: 763: 491: 429: 3289:

Wylie, Kenneth C. (1973). "The Uses and Misuses of Ethnohistory".

3081:"C'est pire qu'un crime, c'est une faute." Commonly attributed to 2258:

Oxford Freemasons: A Social History of the Apollo University Lodge

1562:

on 27 September 1979, and was introduced to the House of Lords as

3208:

Deveneaux, Gus (1978). "The Frontier in Recent African History".

1567: 1513: 1443:

In a review of Adam Sisman's 2010 biography of Trevor-Roper, the

718: 562: 557:

was never in a position to undermine efforts by the chief of the

371: 317: 74: 2147:

Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations

1620:

in part with notes he had written decades earlier, which editor

3033: 3031: 1946:

Europe’s Physician: The Various Life of Sir Theodore De Mayerne

1630: 1184: 1040:

endorsed the view that Germany was largely responsible for the

802: 581: 530: 524:, he served as an officer in the Radio Security Service of the 352: 97: 3673:

History and Imagination: Essays in Honor of H. R. Trevor-Roper

3100: 3098: 3096: 1870:

1914: Delusion or Design The Testimony of Two German Diplomats

1397: 825:

Trevor-Roper attacked the philosophies of history advanced by

642:

In June 1950, Trevor-Roper attended a conference in Berlin of

2983: 1908:

Catholics, Anglicans and Puritans: Seventeenth Century Essays

1884:

The Hermit of Peking: The Hidden Life of Sir Edmund Backhouse

1351:

of Glanton) made statements that authenticated the so-called

1338: 1326: 726:

but sought to examine the interaction between the political,

580:, then head of counter-intelligence in the British sector of 3028: 478: 347:

Trevor-Roper's most commercially successful book was titled

3924:

Watson, George (Fall 2010). "The Trope Hugh Trevor-Roper".

3159:. Harcourt, Brace & World – via Internet Archive. 3093: 1434:

summarised the quarrel between Cowling and Trevor-Roper as:

680:. In the 1950s and 1960s, he was a frequent contributor to 2007:

edited by Richard Davenport-Hines, and Adam Sisman (2013)

1993:

Letters from Oxford: Hugh Trevor-Roper to Bernard Berenson

1932:

Letters from Oxford: Hugh Trevor-Roper to Bernard Berenson

1914:

The Golden Age of Europe: From Elizabeth I to the Sun King

1716:, 1947 (revised editions followed, until the last in 1995) 3767:

Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil

2737:

Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil

1928:, vol. 1 introduction (London: Everyman's Library, 1993). 1822:

The Philby Affair: Espionage, Treason and Secret Services

1465: 1052:

Trevor-Roper was critical of the official account of the

981:

were important secondary causes of the "general crisis".

3227:

Krech, Shepard III (1991). "The State of Ethnohistory".

2455: 2453: 1973:

History and the Enlightenment: Eighteenth Century Essays

1926:

Edward Gibbon – The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

1792:

Essays in British history presented to Sir Keith Feiling

1785:

Blitzkrieg to Defeat: Hitler's War Directives, 1939–1945

1682:

History and the Enlightenment: Eighteenth Century Essays

1329:, or oral memoirists, provide a historical oral record. 1016:

to become advocates of the pros and cons of the theory.

483:

Trevor-Roper was a member of the University of Oxford's

4039:(there are several discrepancies between these sources) 4005:

Barnard, T. (Faculty of History, University of Oxford)

3815:

An Honourable Englishman: The Life of Hugh Trevor-Roper

3336:

Mount, Ferdinand (2006). "The Voltaire of St Aldates".

2895:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, pages 22–23. 2594:

An Honourable Englishman: The Life of Hugh Trevor-Roper

687: 1719:"The Elizabethan Aristocracy: An Anatomy Anatomized," 1234:

to be elected instead. In 1964, Trevor-Roper edited a

3907:

The Secret War: Spies, Codes and Guerrillas 1939–1945

3744:

The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing

2706:

The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing

2650:

The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing

2450: 2058: 1816:

The Age of Expansion, Europe and the World, 1559–1600

945:

A notable thesis propagated by Trevor-Roper was the "

940: 670:

that resulted in the founding of the CIA front group

632:

let ordinary Germans who followed Hitler off the hook

1222:

who was backed by the heads of houses marshalled by

4372:

Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)

2908:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 26. 2882:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 22. 2856:, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, page 18. 2704:Brown, Kenneth "Tawney, R.H." pages 1172–1173 from 2412: 2410: 1064:was responsible. In a 3500 word essay published in 1036:In 1973, Trevor-Roper in the foreword to a book by 762:In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the 571: 336:(2014): "The bulk of his publications is formidable 4200:. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. 1967. Archived from 3720: 3497:, New York: Holmes & Meier, 1981 pages viii–ix 3371: 1840:The Plunder of the Arts in the Seventeenth Century 1744:, 1957 (published in the United States in 1958 as 1341:of his career came in 1983, when as a director of 1332: 1060:which concluded that a lone gunman by the name of 538:efforts to decrypt the traffic. Intelligence from 494:. On 28 February 1939, he was commissioned in the 3723:The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe 2906:The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe 2893:The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe 2880:The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe 2867:The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe 2854:The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe 2848: 2846: 2813: 2700: 2698: 2207:(7448). Supplementary Material (Longer Version). 1876:A Hidden Life: The Enigma of Sir Edmund Backhouse 1766:edited by H.W. Koch, London: Macmillan Ltd, 1985. 1751:"The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century", 770:was a major, although not the sole, cause of the 297:Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton 4263: 3869:, No. 18, November 1960 with contributions from 3308:Gailey, Alan (1989). "The Nature of Tradition". 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2597:. Random House of Canada. 2011. pp. 278–9. 2407: 1800:(History of European Civilization series), 1965. 1540:and had previously been married to Rear-Admiral 1299:, a former criterion for a society having left " 1244:'s 80th birthday. In 1970, he was the author of 362:shortly before they were shown to be forgeries. 4342:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London 4149:"Hugh Trevor-Roper's The Invention of Scotland" 3909:(Paperback ed.). London: William Collins. 2430: 1920:From Counter-Reformation to Glorious Revolution 1780:, Volume 84, Issue No 104, 1962 pp. 69–77. 553:(1968) Trevor-Roper argues that the Soviet spy 386:. Trevor-Roper "enjoyed (but not too seriously) 2843: 2695: 2580:Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil 2566:Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil 2539: 2537: 2256:Crook, Joe Mordaunt; Daniel, James W. (2019). 1175:but soon republished in Britain and the US as 576:In November 1945, Trevor-Roper was ordered by 3484:, New York: Holmes & Meier, 1981 page vii 3041:, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976 pages 295–296. 2826: 2790: 2733: 2144:Trahair, R. C. S.; Miller, Robert L. (2013). 2143: 1257: 3471:Sisman, pp 483, 487, 490, 493, 506, 558, 562 3210:The International Journal of African Studies 3169: 3152: 2671: 2669: 2643: 2329: 2327: 2260:(First ed.). Oxford: Bodleian Library. 1163: 886:(1981) delivered what the British historian 3666: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2534: 2359: 2255: 2005:One Hundred Letters From Hugh Trevor-Roper, 1960:The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History 1674:The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History 1398:Election as Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge 961:; and revolts against the Spanish Crown in 914:The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion 390:... that he was a collateral descendant of 365: 3979: 3667:Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (1981). Pearl, Valerie; 3572: 3561:One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper 2822:. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem. pp. 339–354. 2312:. Oxford University Press. 1 December 2007 2183:One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper 2017:, Edited by Richard Davenport-Hines, 2011 1684:was published in 2010. The fifth book was 820: 746:and did much to introduce the work of the 334:One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper 131:Studies in 17th-century European history, 43: 4089: 4042: 3760: 3618: 3350: 3207: 3108:, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976, page 203. 3067:, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976, page 268. 3054:, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976, page 295. 2675: 2666: 2446:(Supplement). 7 March 1941. p. 1436. 2324: 1460:was published in honour of Trevor-Roper, 1418:, the oldest and smallest college in the 1104:meant a publisher was willing to release 479:Military service and the Second World War 468:. His first book was a 1940 biography of 4317:Deaths from esophageal cancer in England 3904: 3741: 3540: 2817: 2647: 2620: 2436: 2416: 2194: 1995:edited by Richard Davenport-Hines (2007) 1401: 460:In 1937, he moved from Christ Church to 4377:People educated at Belhaven Hill School 4337:Fellows of the Royal Historical Society 4108: 4090:Silvester, Christopher (16 July 2006). 4043:Silvester, Christopher (16 July 2006). 4028: 3679: 3636: 3573:Knox Beran, Michael (31 January 2003). 3493:Lloyd-Jones, Hugh & Pearl, Valerie 3480:Lloyd-Jones, Hugh & Pearl, Valerie 2989: 2836:was invoked but never defined (see the 2484:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 35–39. 2226:Beran, Michael Knox (30 January 2003). 2015:The Wartime Journals: Hugh Trevor-Roper 1769:"A. J. P. Taylor, Hitler and the War", 1617:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1355:. Others were unsure: holocaust denier 1325:, many historians believe that African 416:activist. Trevor-Roper was educated at 394:, the son-in-law and biographer of Sir 195: 1954; died 1997) 4362:People educated at Charterhouse School 4292:British Army personnel of World War II 4287:Military personnel from Northumberland 4264: 4166:– via Online Library of Liberty. 3990:, nationalreview.com, 31 January 2003. 3923: 3832: 3811: 3793: 3651: 3369: 3307: 3245: 2611: 2049:List of books by or about Adolf Hitler 1773:, Volume 17, July 1961 pp. 86–96. 1657:, the Franco-Swiss court physician to 841:. Another dispute was with Taylor and 584:, to investigate the circumstances of 4170: 4131:. London. 6 June 2008. Archived from 4125:"Review of The invention of Scotland" 4059: 3798:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3784: 3727:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3682:"The Classicism of Hugh Trevor-Roper" 3335: 3288: 3248:The Journal of Modern African Studies 3226: 3188: 2472: 2225: 1760:Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitsgeschichte 1370:Within two weeks, forensic scientist 1318:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 1111:For an example, Backhouse claimed in 801:and Stone, about whether the English 4074: 3715: 3291:Journal of Interdisciplinary History 3024:. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 25. 3019: 2740:. Faber and Faber. pp. 118–19. 2461:Intelligence & National Security 2054:Historiography of the United Kingdom 2025:. Corrected paperback edition, 2015. 1916:, edited by Hugh Trevor-Roper, 1987. 1818:, edited by Hugh Trevor-Roper, 1968. 1578:peers", and "under the rules of the 1410:In 1980 at the age of 67, he became 1213: 1047: 757: 688:Historical debates and controversies 4217:Works by or about Hugh Trevor-Roper 2831: 2820:Holocaust Historiography In Context 2769: 2353: 2296: 1878:(published in the US, and in later 1636: 1080: 899:was a blind-spot for Trevor-Roper. 856:The Origins of the Second World War 13: 4387:Life peers created by Elizabeth II 4312:Conservative Party (UK) life peers 4029:Wordern, Blair (27 January 2003). 3898: 3836:Intelligence and National Security 3601:(Series 3, episode 1, 13 May 1989 2676:Ascherson, Neal (19 August 2010). 2011:Corrected paperback edition, 2015. 1986: 1323:popular TV mini-series based on it 1056:. He voiced his scepticism of the 1031: 947:general crisis of the 17th century 941:General crisis of the 17th century 307:Regius Professor of Modern History 143:Regius Professor of Modern History 14: 4398: 4327:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford 4062:"Lord Dacre of Glanton: Obituary" 4011:History Faculty Alumni Newsletter 3977:National Portrait Gallery, London 3961: 2956:Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to 2943:Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to 2930:Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to 2917:Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Foreword" to 2496:(Updated and extended version of 2195:Richmond, Caroline (8 May 2004). 1755:, Volume 16, 1959 pp. 31–64. 1590:(née Brand). She had her cousin, 1551:in 1979 on the recommendation of 1542:Clarence Dinsmore Howard-Johnston 797:), a dispute with the historians 637: 440:. He got a first-class degree in 382:and second husband of Anne, 16th 4357:Masters of Peterhouse, Cambridge 4332:Fellows of Peterhouse, Cambridge 4322:Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford 4109:Cumming, Laura (6 August 2006). 4060:Byers, David (27 January 2003). 3810:; published in North America as 3622:(19 August 2010). "Liquidator". 3550:. 2 October 1979. p. 12353. 2832:Cite error: The named reference 2773:European Dictatorships 1918–1945 2363:Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography 2171:Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Biography 2092: 2080: 2068: 1524: 1464:. Some of the contributors were 1226:, for the Chancellorship of the 1054:assassination of John F. Kennedy 572:Investigating Hitler's last days 561:, German Military Intelligence, 247: 227: 4307:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford 4297:20th-century English historians 4244:Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge 4111:"Review of Letters from Oxford" 4092:"Review of Letters from Oxford" 4075:Hunt, Tristram (5 March 2003). 3592: 3566: 3554: 3534: 3514: 3500: 3487: 3474: 3465: 3439: 3405: 3392: 3363: 3344: 3329: 3320: 3301: 3282: 3239: 3220: 3201: 3182: 3163: 3146: 3137: 3111: 3070: 3057: 3044: 3013: 2963: 2950: 2937: 2924: 2911: 2898: 2885: 2872: 2859: 2763: 2760:Sisman, (2010) pp 178, 261, 291 2754: 2727: 2711: 2585: 2572: 2555: 2546: 2515: 2503: 2482:The Bletchley Park Codebreakers 2466: 1730:Secret Conversations, 1941–1944 1723:(1951) 3 No 3 pp. 279–298 1263:Africa had no history prior to 868:globalist–continentalist debate 192: 4382:Fellows of the British Academy 3973:Portraits of Hugh Trevor-Roper 3412:Rowse and Trevor-Roper defined 2426:. 10 March 1939. p. 1640. 2274: 2249: 2219: 2188: 2176: 2164: 2137: 2124: 2111: 1776:"E. H. Carr's Success Story", 1735:Hitler's Table Talk, 1941–1944 1451: 1288:the disparaging mythologies". 380:Henry Roper, 8th Baron Teynham 1: 3611: 3495:History & the Imagination 3482:History & the Imagination 3423:. August 2014. Archived from 3229:Annual Review of Anthropology 3119:"Guest Speaker: Nigel Lawson" 2173:, Adam Sisman, Hachette, p. 1 2150:. Enigma Books. p. 399. 1865:Vol. 44, No. 4, December 1972 1863:The Journal of Modern History 1848:, 1970. (London: John Murray) 1649:. The second book was 2006's 1230:, helping the Prime Minister 1143:, the British Prime Minister 953:in France; the climax of the 845:over the question of whether 837:'s account of the origins of 672:Congress for Cultural Freedom 596:Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven 16:British Historian (1914–2003) 3789:. Baghdad: Al-Ma'eref Press. 3510:. National Portrait Gallery. 3156:The Rise of Christian Europe 2509:MI5 Security Service (2005) 2463:(Dec 2007), 22#6 pp 847–880, 2228:"H. R. Trevor-Roper, R.I.P." 2032:on the television programme 1798:The Rise of Christian Europe 1279:, in the emerging fields of 1240:in honour of his friend Sir 1139:, the Russian ballet dancer 884:The Holocaust and Historians 7: 4282:Intelligence Corps officers 4171:Whyte, William (May 2019). 3689:Cambridge Classical Journal 3654:Journal of Military History 3640:Journal of Military History 3599:List of After Dark editions 3153:Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1965). 2341:(obituary). 27 January 2003 2042: 2001:edited by Tim Heald (2011) 1868:"Foreword" pages 9–16 from 1462:History and the Imagination 959:troubles in the Netherlands 909:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 833:, as well as his colleague 526:Secret Intelligence Service 10: 4403: 4367:People from Northumberland 4001:. London. 26 January 2003. 3818:. Random House of Canada. 3770:. New York: Random House. 3680:Malloch, S. J. V. (2015). 2776:. Routledge. p. 242. 1872:edited by John Röhl, 1973. 1861:, and the Mediterranean," 1764:Aspects of the Third Reich 1758:"Hitlers Kriegsziele", in 1706:Archbishop Laud, 1573–1645 1258:Debates on African history 626:would assassinate him for 4250: 4241: 4233: 4228: 3988:H. R. Trevor-Roper, R.I.P 3849:10.1080/02684520701770642 3701:10.1017/S1750270515000068 3260:10.1017/S0022278X00018887 3080: 2958:1914: Delusion or Design? 2945:1914: Delusion or Design? 2932:1914: Delusion or Design? 2919:1914: Delusion or Design? 2582:, (1999) pp. 63 & 66. 2522:In The Bunker with Hitler 2284:. Bodleian Libraries Shop 1804:Hitler's Place in History 1406:Peterhouse Master's Lodge 930:Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk 717:Trevor-Roper argued that 646:intellectuals along with 370:Trevor-Roper was born at 290: 280: 270: 260: 240: 222: 217: 213: 202: 182:Alexandra Howard-Johnston 176: 166: 156: 148: 138: 127: 119: 109: 86: 60:Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper 54: 42: 30:The Lord Dacre of Glanton 23: 4100:. London. Archived from 4051:. London. Archived from 3085:, more likely spoken by 2770:Lee, Stephen J. (2012). 2105: 1846:The Letters of Mercurius 1699: 1592:the 6th Viscount Hampden 1572:County of Northumberland 1547:Trevor-Roper was made a 1246:The Letters of Mercurius 404:Trevor-Roper's brother, 366:Early life and education 4077:"Back when it mattered" 3995:"Lord Dacre of Glanton" 3370:Harris, Robert (1986). 2721:(1951) 3#3 pp. 279–298 2719:Economic History Review 2335:"Lord Dacre of Glanton" 2201:British Medical Journal 2117:Quoted at Adam Sisman, 1882:editions in the UK, as 1721:Economic History Review 1713:The Last Days of Hitler 1690:Richard Davenport-Hines 1558:. He was raised to the 1420:University of Cambridge 1347:, Trevor-Roper (by now 1295:as well as any type of 1158:and the French actress 1127:, the Irish playwright 926:The Last Days of Hitler 878:The American historian 821:World War II and Hitler 628:The Last Days of Hitler 604:The Last Days of Hitler 509:and transferred to the 487:, reaching the rank of 455:Apollo University Lodge 449:and was initiated as a 349:The Last Days of Hitler 332:in the introduction to 326:Richard Davenport-Hines 161:Vivian Hunter Galbraith 3905:Hastings, Max (2015). 3881:, H. R. Trevor-Roper, 3625:London Review of Books 3522:"Obituary: Lord Dacre" 3402:(London, 2002), p. 25. 3378:. New York: Pantheon. 2734:Ron Rosenbaum (2011). 2682:London Review of Books 2197:"Patrick Trevor-Roper" 2009:except and text search 1857:"Fernand Braudel, the 1564:Baron Dacre of Glanton 1441: 1407: 1164: 752:English-speaking world 485:Officer Training Corps 462:Merton College, Oxford 428:, where he read first 3938:10.1353/sew.2010.0043 3812:Sisman, Adam (2011). 3794:Sisman, Adam (2010). 1692:, published in 2011. 1653:, a biography of Sir 1436: 1405: 1333:"Hitler Diaries" hoax 791:storm over the gentry 442:Classical Moderations 426:Christ Church, Oxford 114:Christ Church, Oxford 4347:Historians of Nazism 4013:, No. 1, April 2003. 3986:Michael Knox Beran: 3785:Saleh, Zaki (1958). 3675:. London: Duckworth. 3421:"The Cornish Banner" 3106:The Hermit of Peking 3104:Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 3065:The Hermit of Peking 3063:Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 3052:The Hermit of Peking 3050:Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 3039:The Hermit of Peking 2360:Adam Sisman (2012). 1732:(published later as 1694:The Wartime Journals 1686:The Wartime Journals 1678:Scottish nationalism 1507:, Valerie Pearl and 1428:Peterhouse historian 1265:European exploration 1228:University of Oxford 1177:The Hermit of Peking 1149:Empress Dowager Cixi 1094:Sir Edmund Backhouse 586:Adolf Hitler's death 418:Belhaven Hill School 311:University of Oxford 207:Patrick Trevor-Roper 49:Trevor-Roper in 1975 26:The Right Honourable 4157:"Hugh Trevor-Roper" 4129:The Daily Telegraph 4104:on 2 December 2008. 4055:on 2 December 2008. 3999:The Daily Telegraph 3037:Trevor-Roper, Hugh 3020:Lane, Mark (1992). 2979:. 14 December 1964. 2904:Rabb, Theodore K., 2891:Rabb, Theodore K., 2878:Rabb, Theodore K., 2865:Rabb, Theodore K., 2852:Rabb, Theodore K., 2339:The Daily Telegraph 2282:"Oxford Freemasons" 2030:extended appearance 1672:The third book was 1655:Theodore de Mayerne 1643:Letters from Oxford 1612:Charterhouse School 1588:27th Baroness Dacre 1483:, Robert S. Lopez, 1426:, then the leading 1181:Décadence Mandchoue 1133:Lord Alfred Douglas 1121:Décadence Mandchoue 1113:Décadence Mandchoue 1106:Décadence Mandchoue 1102:gay rights movement 1098:Décadence Mandchoue 1087:Décadence Mandchoue 793:(also known as the 544:Double-Cross System 408:, became a leading 316:Trevor-Roper was a 4024:. 26 January 2003. 3967:About Trevor-Roper 3926:The Sewanee Review 3579:nationalreview.com 3547:The London Gazette 3530:. 27 January 2003. 3427:on 1 November 2014 3398:Richard J. Evans, 2976:The New York Times 2511:Hitler's last days 2500:Bantam Press 2001) 2443:The London Gazette 2423:The London Gazette 2366:. pp. 12–15. 1902:Renaissance Essays 1651:Europe’s Physician 1473:Arnaldo Momigliano 1408: 1135:, the French poet 1008:, E. H. Kossmann, 795:Gentry controversy 699:A Study of History 511:Intelligence Corps 434:Literae Humaniores 275:Intelligence Corps 4302:Academic scandals 4260: 4259: 4251:Succeeded by 4229:Academic offices 4204:on 8 January 2014 4175:. Literary Review 3916:978-0-00-750374-2 3805:978-0-297-85214-8 3796:Hugh Trevor-Roper 3353:History in Africa 3001:. Section 2, p. 5 2132:Hugh Trevor-Roper 2119:Hugh Trevor-Roper 1742:Historical Essays 1610:, the founder of 1556:Margaret Thatcher 1534:The 1st Earl Haig 1493:Dimitri Obolensky 1309:African societies 1214:Oxford activities 1062:Lee Harvey Oswald 1058:Warren Commission 1048:JFK Assassination 1026:A. D. Lublinskaya 1022:English Civil War 994:A. D. Lublinskaya 967:Kingdom of Naples 955:Thirty Years' War 827:Arnold J. Toynbee 776:Church of England 772:English Civil War 758:English Civil War 724:political history 694:Arnold J. Toynbee 674:and its magazine 551:The Philby Affair 500:second lieutenant 294: 293: 4394: 4234:Preceded by 4226: 4225: 4221:Internet Archive 4213: 4211: 4209: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4152: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4120: 4105: 4097:The Sunday Times 4086: 4071: 4056: 4038: 4025: 4002: 3983: 3957: 3920: 3866:Past and Present 3860: 3829: 3809: 3790: 3781: 3757: 3738: 3726: 3712: 3686: 3676: 3661: 3648: 3633: 3606: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3498: 3491: 3485: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3409: 3403: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3377: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3172:Past and Present 3167: 3161: 3160: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3115: 3109: 3102: 3091: 3089: 3074: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3026: 3025: 3022:Rush to Judgment 3017: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2967: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2941: 2935: 2928: 2922: 2915: 2909: 2902: 2896: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2870: 2863: 2857: 2850: 2841: 2835: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2815: 2788: 2787: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2731: 2725: 2715: 2709: 2702: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2678:"The Liquidator" 2673: 2664: 2663: 2645: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2589: 2583: 2576: 2570: 2569:, (1999) page 63 2559: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2532: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2470: 2464: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2398: 2397:|newspaper= 2394: 2392: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2331: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2233:. 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J. P. Taylor 823: 760: 744:Fernand Braudel 690: 660:Arthur Koestler 652:Melvin J. Lasky 640: 574: 566:Wilhelm Canaris 504:war substantive 481: 466:research fellow 398: 387: 368: 341: 337: 300: 248: 246: 228: 226: 218:Military career 198: 190: 186: 183: 110:Alma mater 105: 95: 91: 90:26 January 2003 82: 72: 71:15 January 1914 66: 64: 63: 62: 59: 50: 38: 33: 31: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4400: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4352:House of Roper 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4258: 4257: 4254:Henry Chadwick 4252: 4249: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4214: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4168: 4153: 4145: 4121: 4106: 4087: 4072: 4057: 4040: 4026: 4014: 4003: 3991: 3984: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3962:External links 3960: 3959: 3958: 3932:(4): 608–617. 3921: 3915: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3887:E. J. Hobsbawm 3883:E. H. Kossmann 3879:Lawrence Stone 3861: 3843:(6): 847–880. 3830: 3824: 3804: 3791: 3782: 3776: 3762:Rosenbaum, Ron 3758: 3752: 3739: 3733: 3717:Rabb, Theodore 3713: 3677: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3634: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3591: 3565: 3553: 3533: 3513: 3499: 3486: 3473: 3464: 3453:. 22 July 2010 3447:"Not so ropey" 3438: 3416:Donald Adamson 3404: 3391: 3384: 3362: 3343: 3328: 3326:Deveneaux, 67. 3319: 3300: 3281: 3254:(4): 661–676. 3238: 3219: 3200: 3181: 3162: 3145: 3136: 3110: 3092: 3069: 3056: 3043: 3027: 3012: 2982: 2962: 2949: 2936: 2923: 2910: 2897: 2884: 2871: 2858: 2842: 2825: 2789: 2782: 2762: 2753: 2746: 2726: 2710: 2694: 2665: 2658: 2619: 2610: 2603: 2584: 2571: 2562:Rosenbaum, Ron 2554: 2552:Douglas (2014) 2545: 2533: 2514: 2502: 2491:978-1849540780 2490: 2478:Smith, Michael 2465: 2449: 2429: 2406: 2373:978-0297858560 2372: 2352: 2323: 2295: 2273: 2266: 2248: 2237:on 9 July 2007 2218: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2156: 2136: 2123: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2089: 2077: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2028:Dacre made an 2026: 2012: 2002: 1996: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1970: 1957: 1943: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1873: 1866: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1756: 1749: 1746:Men and Events 1739: 1727: 1717: 1709: 1701: 1698: 1638: 1635: 1622:Brian Harrison 1553:Prime Minister 1526: 1523: 1485:Michael Howard 1471:, John Clive, 1469:Geoffrey Elton 1453: 1450: 1432:Neal Ascherson 1399: 1396: 1353:Hitler Diaries 1334: 1331: 1259: 1256: 1215: 1212: 1137:Arthur Rimbaud 1082: 1079: 1049: 1046: 1033: 1030: 1006:Lawrence Stone 942: 939: 888:David Cesarani 822: 819: 815:Geoffrey Elton 783:Lawrence Stone 759: 756: 750:school to the 689: 686: 668:Franz Borkenau 656:Ignazio Silone 644:anti-Communist 639: 638:Anti-communism 636: 573: 570: 536:Bletchley Park 480: 477: 447:Stubbs Society 438:Modern History 384:Baroness Dacre 376:Northumberland 367: 364: 360:Hitler Diaries 292: 291: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 262: 258: 257: 244: 238: 237: 235:United Kingdom 224: 220: 219: 215: 214: 211: 210: 204: 200: 199: 188: 184: 181: 180: 178: 174: 173: 171:Michael Howard 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 129: 128:Known for 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 96: 94:(aged 89) 88: 84: 83: 79:Northumberland 73: 58: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 32: 29: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4399: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4237:Grahame Clark 4232: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4174: 4169: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875:J. 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