Human interactions with insects

1214: 1515: 482: 1744: 1665: 380: 2244:. The stucco figure at the temples of Tulum known as "Ah Mucen Kab" – the Diving Bee God – bears resemblance to the insect in the Codex Tro-Cortesianus identified as a bee. Such reliefs might have indicated towns and villages that produce honey. Modern Mayan authorities say the figure also have a connection to modern cosmology. Mayan mythology expert Migel Angel Vergara relates that the Mayans held a belief that bees came from Venus, the "Second Sun." The relief might be indicative of another "insect deity", that of Xux Ex, the Mayan "wasp star." The Mayan embodied Venus in the form of the god Kukulkán (also known as or related to 1614: 604:(1951) drew attention to the scope and potential of entomophagy, but the practice is uncommon and even taboo in other societies. Sometimes insects are considered suitable only for the poor in the third world, but in 1975 Victor Meyer-Rochow suggested that insects could help ease global future food shortages and advocated a change in western attitudes towards cultures in which insects were appreciated as a food item. P. J. Gullan and P. S. Cranston felt that the remedy for this may be marketing of insect dishes as suitably exotic and costly to make them acceptable. They also note that some societies in 946: 1343: 2041: 659: 1841:"visible darkness" and "souls of stone" have much in common. They bring together the two terms of a conceptual contradiction, thereby facilitating the mixing of what should be discrete and mutually exclusive categories ... In positing such questions, butterfly science, an inexhaustible, complex, and finely nuanced field, becomes not unlike the human imagination, or the field of literature itself. In the natural history of the animal, we begin to sense its literary and artistic possibilities. 1045: 2218: 217: 1544: 6872: 1138: 19: 357:

anthropology is usually restricted to the study of "advanced", industrialised, and literate societies, whereas ethnoentomology studies "the entomological concerns of 'primitive' or 'noncivilized' societies". Posey states at once that the division is artificial, complete with an unjustified us/them bias. Brian Morris similarly criticises the way that anthropologists treat non-Western attitudes to nature as monadic and spiritualist, and contrast this "in

2266: 2291:. The show looks at the world of insects and its biodiversity where they go about their daily lives until a mysterious egg appears in their midst, as the insects become awestruck about this iconic object that represents the enigma and cycles of their lives. The costuming was a fusion of arthropod body types blended with superhero armour. Liz Vandal, the lead costume designer, has a special affinity for the world of the insect: 6525: 575: 6896: 1875: 6884: 286: 2182: 1866:, "Stirring the Swarm". Reviews of the exhibit offered a compelling narrative for cultural entomology: "the unexpected use of materials, dark overtones, and the straightforward impact of thousands of tiny multiples within the space. The exhibition was at once both exquisitely beautiful and deeply repulsive, and this strange duality was fascinating." 349:) in literature, language, music, the arts, interpretive history, religion, and recreation has only become recognized as a distinct field" through Schimitschek's work. Hogue set out the boundaries of the field by saying: "The narrative history of the science of entomology is not part of cultural entomology, while the influence of insects on general 1594:) has the most poisonous bite in the spider world, but that the fangs are too small to penetrate human skin. This is untrue on several counts. None of the known species of harvestmen have venom glands; their chelicerae are not hollowed fangs but grasping claws that are typically very small and definitely not strong enough to break human skin. 332:

served as a forum on the field. Hogue argued that "Humans spend their intellectual energies in three basic areas of activity: surviving, using practical learning (the application of technology); seeking pure knowledge through inductive mental processes (science); and pursuing enlightenment to taste a

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means "feathered serpent". The cult was the first Mesoamerican religion to transcend the old Classic Period linguistic and ethnic divisions. This cult facilitated communication and peaceful trade among peoples of many different social and ethnic backgrounds. Although the cult was originally centered

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the animal is at once awkward, flimsy, strange, bouncy in flight, yet beautiful and immensely sympathetic; it is painfully transient, albeit capable of extreme migrations and transformations. Images and phrases such as "kaleidoscopic instabilities," "oxymoron of similarities," "rebellious rainbows,"

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inject multiple bioactive compounds into their prey. These insects have long been used by practitioners of Eastern Medicine to prevent blood clot formation or thrombosis, suggesting possible applications in scientific medicine. Over 1280 protein families have been associated with the saliva of blood

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across Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Americas, despite the fact that the honey bee was not introduced to the Americas until the colonization by Spain and Portugal. They are by far the most common medical insect product both historically and currently, and the most frequently referenced of

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to beef, while Chakravorty et al. (2011) point out that food insects (highly appreciated in North-East India) are more expensive than meat. The economics, i.e., the costs involved collecting food insects and the money earned through the sale of such insects, have been studied in a Laotian setting by

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framed the relationship with insects in an urban context: "We humans like to think that we run the world. But even in the heart of our great cities, a rival superpower thrives ... These tiny creatures live all around us in vast numbers, though we hardly even notice them. But in many ways, it is

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Both the symbolic form and the actual body of insects have been used to adorn humans in ancient and modern times. A recurrent theme for ancient cultures in Europe and the Near East regarded the sacred image of a bee or human with insect features. Often referred to as the bee "goddess", these images

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as pets. These living jewels were worn on festive occasions, probably with a small chain attached to one leg anchored to the clothing to prevent escape. Afterwards, the insects were bathed, fed, and housed in decorative cages. Living jewelled beetles have also been worn and kept as pets in Mexico.

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When I was just a kid I put rocks down around the yard near the fruit trees and I lifted them regularly to watch the insects who had taken up residence underneath them. I petted caterpillars and let butterflies into the house. So when I learned that OVO was inspired by insects, I immediately knew

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has been widely used by natives of Southern California and Northern Mexico for hundreds of years in ceremonies conducted to help tribe members acquire spirit helpers through hallucination. During the ritual, young men are sent away from the tribe and consume large quantities of live, unmasticated

520:, and less than 10,000 (about 1%) are even occasional pests. Yet not one species of insect has been permanently eradicated through the use of pesticides. Instead, at least 1,000 species have developed field resistance to pesticides, and extensive harm has been done to beneficial insects including 1269:. In the traditional process, the gum is removed by soaking in hot water, and the silk is then unwound from the cocoon and reeled. Filaments are spun together to make silk thread. Commerce in silk between China and countries to its west began in ancient times, with silk known from an Egyptian 356:

Darrell Addison Posey, noting that the boundary between cultural entomology and ethnoentomology is difficult to draw, cites Hogue as limiting cultural entomology to the influence of insects on "the essence of humanity as expressed in the arts and humanities". Posey notes further that cultural

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leaf miner's larvae are used boiled to induce lactation, reduce fever, and soothe the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, the traditional insect medicine of Africa is local and unformalised. The indigenous peoples of Central America used a wide variety of insects medicinally. Mayans used

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are manufactured and sold each year for use in American homes and gardens. Annual revenues from insecticide sales to homeowners exceeded $ 450 million in 2004. Out of the roughly a million species of insects described so far, not more than 1,000 can be regarded as serious

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as benefits people obtain from ecosystems, and distinguishes four categories, namely provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural. A fundamental tenet is that a few species of arthropod are well understood for their influence on humans (such as honeybees,

1913:, a maiden associated with the moon, watched constantly by the eyes of the herdsman Argus, associated with all the stars: "Io: Ah! Hah! Again the prick, the stab of gadfly-sting! O earth, earth, hide, the hollow shape—Argus—that evil thing—the hundred-eyed." 1100:, a brush-on colourant and wood finish. Additional uses of this traditional product include the waxing of citrus fruits to extend their shelf-life, and the coating of pills to moisture-proof them, provide slow-release or mask the taste of bitter ingredients. 1736:. Beetlewing pieces are used as an adornment to paintings, textiles and jewelry. Different species of metallic wood-boring beetle wings were used depending on the region, but traditionally the most valued were those from beetles belonging to the genus 2059: 2308:

envisioned into the paper and paste costumes which directly contribute to the series' unique visual style. The film series was driven by the creation of costumes to translate scientific research into "something visual and how to make it comical."

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include both a wide variety of uses, whether practical such as for food, textiles, and dyestuffs, or symbolic, as in art, music, and literature, and negative interactions including damage to crops and extensive efforts to control insect pests.

1740:. The practice comes from across Asia and Southeast Asia, especially Thailand, Myanmar, Japan, India and China. In Thailand beetlewings were preferred to decorate clothing (shawls and Sabai cloth) and jewellery in former court circles. 2236:

constellation. It is perfectly bipolar, and until recently, the central star was unobservable, clouded by gas, but estimated to be one of the hottest in the galaxy – 200,000 degrees Fahrenheit, perhaps 35 times hotter than the Sun.

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fashion" with a simplistic treatment of Western, often 17th-century, mechanistic attitude. Morris considers this "quite unhelpful, if not misleading", and offers instead his own research into the multiple ways that the people of

1540:, when temperature shifts and monsoon rains bring insects out of hibernation. Most "awakening" customs are related to eating snacks like pancakes, parched beans, pears, and fried corn, symbolizing harmful insects in the field. 6761: 774:. It can be applied to skin to treat excessive scar tissue, rashes, and burns, and as an eye poultice to treat infection. Honey is taken for digestive problems and as a general health restorative. It is taken hot to treat 1656:

ants under the supervision of an elderly member of the tribe. Ingestion of ants should lead to a prolonged state of unconsciousness, where dream helpers appear and serve as allies to the dreamer for the rest of his life.

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observed: "If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos." A

6766: 1438:. Zeus granted her request, but, because Eos forgot to ask him to also make Tithonus ageless, Tithonus never died, but he did grow old. Eventually, he became so tiny and shriveled that he turned into the first cicada. 2888:

Chakravorty, J., Ghosh, S., and V. B. Meyer-Rochow. (2011). Practices of entomophagy and entomotherapy by members of the Nyishi and Galo tribes, two ethnic groups of the state of Arunachal Pradesh (North-East India).

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More generally, people make a wide range of uses of insects, both practical and symbolic. On the other hand, attitudes to insects are often negative, and extensive efforts are made to kill them. The widespread use of

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that I was in a perfect position to pay tribute to this majestic world with my costumes. All insects are beautiful and perfect; it is what they evoke for each of us that changes our perception of them."

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Yang, X., Hu, K., Yan, G., et al., 2000. Fibrinogenolytic components in Tabanid, an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine and their properties. J. Southwest Agric. Univ. 22, 173e176 (Chinese).

1565:(commonly known as the isabella tiger moth), with their 13 distinct segments of black and reddish brown, have the reputation in common folklore of being able to forecast the coming winter weather. 2905:

Meyer-Rochow V. B., Nonaka K., Boulidam S. (2008) More feared than revered: Insects and their impacts on human societies (with specific data on the importance of entomophagy in a Laotian setting.

3078: 1702:(ancient Crete) dating to approximately 1500 BC illustrates a Bee goddess with bull horns above her head. In this instance, the figure is surrounded by dogs with wings, most likely representing 465:

stated: "We are flying blind in many aspects of preserving the environment, and that's why we are so surprised when a species like the honeybee starts to crash, or an insect we don't want, the

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Meyer-Rochow, V. B.; et al. (2008). "More feared than revered: Insects and their impact on human societies (with specific data on the importance of entomophagy in a Laotian setting)".

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may have been attempted in the Middle Ages or earlier, but was first systematically researched by several nations during the 20th century. It was put into practice by the Japanese army's

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while travelling on his annual butterfly-collection trips in the western United States. He eventually became a leading lepidopterist. This is reflected in his fiction, where for example

685:. Thus, the femurs of grasshoppers, which were said to resemble the human liver, were used to treat liver ailments by the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The doctrine was applied in both 6823: 3836: 6735: 6751: 51:, dealing mostly with "primitive" societies, though the distinction is weak and not based on theory. Both academic disciplines explore the parallels, connections and influence of 4014: 3594: 353:

would be considered cultural entomology." He added: "Because the term "cultural" is narrowly defined, some aspects normally included in studies of human societies are excluded."

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Pearnchob, N.; Siepmann, J.; Bodmeier, R. (2003). "Pharmaceutical applications of shellac: moisture-protective and taste-masking coatings and extended-release matrix tablets".

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Francischetti, I.M.B., Mather, T.N., Ribeiro, J.M.C., 2005. Tick saliva is a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Thromb. Haemost. 94, 167e174.

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by gastronomes. In Guangdong, water beetles fetch a high enough price for these insects to be farmed. Especially high prices are fetched in Thailand for the giant water bug

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in Scotland, there is a belief that if a fly falls into a glass from which a person has been drinking, or is about to drink, it is a sure omen of good luck to the drinker.

5121: 1963:, both prose and poetry. He notes that these often allude to Chinese tales, such as of the young woman that the butterflies took to be a flower. He translates 22 Japanese 2232:

is one of the brightest and most popular stars in the universe – popular in that its features draw the attention of a lot of researchers. It happens to be located in the

5634: 2844: 5319: 341:) and scientific study (academic entomology), but the branch of investigation that addresses the influence of insects (and other terrestrial Arthropoda, including 5423: 2724: 2146:

in the story is a prince who has been transformed into an insect so that he can fly off to visit his father. The play upon which the opera was based – written by

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Maritz-Olivier, C., Stutzer, C., Jongejan, F., et al., 2007. Tick anti-hemostatics: targets for future vaccines and therapeutics. Trends Parasitol. 23, 397e407.

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Ribeiro, J.M.C., Arca, B., 2009. From sialomes to the sialoverse: an insight into salivary potion of blood-feeding insects. Adv. Insect Physiol. 37, 59e118.

2827: 5501: 1927:, "Whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame, through ford and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire", driven mad by the constant pursuit. In 1825:

I discovered in nature the nonutilitarian delights that I sought in art. Both were a form of magic, both were games of intricate enchantment and deception.

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was created to showcase the reproductive habits of insects. Jody Shapiro and Rick Gilbert were responsible for translating the research and concepts that

6849: 3297: 3070: 2333: 2050: 165:. Over a thousand protein families have been identified in the saliva of blood-feeding insects; these may provide useful drugs such as anticoagulants, 3938: 511:

in the media. This has produced a society that attempts to eliminate insects from daily life. For example, nearly 75 million pounds of broad-spectrum

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Adams, MD; Celniker, SE; Holt, RA; Evans, CA; Gocayne, JD; Amanatides, PG; Scherer, SE; Li, PW; et al. (24 March 2000). "The genome sequence of

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are serious vectors of disease, but while they can carry bacteria they do not travel far, and have no bite or sting. Their shells contain a protein,

4892: 3298:"Wu Gong, Centipede, Acupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture. Chinese Herb Picture, weblog, discussion board, bulletin board, forums" 2381: 6644: 3138: 704:, is used as a cure all, especially by the elderly, and extracts have been examined as a possible anti-cancer agent. Ayurveda uses insects such as 4195: 4344: 4037: 2574: 4673: 1514: 1033:

in 2000, reflecting the fruit fly's important role in biological research. 70% of the fly genome is similar to the human genome, supporting the

6802: 5455: 2961: 842:, or bee pollen, is eaten as a generally health restorative, and is said to help treat both internal and external infections. One of the major 5526: 5060: 4564:"Japanese Interest in "Hotaru" (Fireflies) and "Kabuto-Mushi" (Japanese Rhinoceros Beetles) Corresponds with Seasonality in Visible Abundance" 1213: 3994: 3889: 2608: 1947: 3832: 5969: 1573: 5235: 2781: 4514: 3862: 427:

calculates the economic impact of four ecological services rendered by insects: pollination, recreation (i.e. "the importance of bugs to

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Ramos-Elorduy de Concini, J. and J.M. Pino Moreno. (1988). The utilization of insects in the empirical medicine of ancient Mexicans.

2367:"Topics And Issues In Ethnoentomology With Some Suggestions For The Development Of Hypothesis-Generation And Testing In Ethnobiology" 1169:, which uses passive cooling, storing heat in the morning and releasing it in the warm parts of the day. The target of this piece of 605: 3010: 2988: 2693: 2630: 4411: 2154:

explained in his diary that he was attempting to depict the desperate attempts to escape of a fly caught in a cobweb in his piece

5117: 1218: 2210:, the fly, also known as Apis, the bee, in the deep southern sky. Musca, the only recognised insect constellation, was named by 6253: 490: 6797: 5917: 5883: 5765: 5727: 5628: 5618: 5299: 5208: 5181: 5154: 5035: 4996: 4952: 4925: 4265: 4170: 4008: 3771: 3746: 3243: 3056: 2936: 2469:

Schimitschek, E. (1961). "Die Bedeutung der Insekten für Kultur und Wirtschaft des Menschen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart".

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Insects feature in folklore around the world. In China, farmers traditionally regulated their crop planting according to the

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Schimitschek, E. (1968). "Insekten als Nahrung, Brauchtum, Kult und Kultur". In Helmcke J.G.; Stark D.; Wermuth H. (eds.).

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Insects have appeared in mythology around the world from ancient times. Among the insect groups featuring in myths are the

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on the ancient city of Chichén Itzá in the modern Mexican state of Yucatán, it spread as far as the Guatemalan highlands.

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Dossey, A. T., 2010. Insects and their chemical weaponry: new potential for drug discovery. Nat. Prod. Rep 27, 1737e1757.

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relate to insects and other animals: "pragmatic, intellectual, realist, practical, aesthetic, symbolic and sacramental."

5846: 5351: 2716: 2519: 2417: 2150:– originally had two more insect themes: the Flight of the Mosquito and the Flight of the Fly. The Hungarian composer 1743: 1002: 4839: 4647: 6787: 6782: 5858: 5701: 5670: 5485: 5270: 5100: 4804: 4308: 4233: 3816: 3715: 3690: 3497: 3113: 3048: 2669: 2568: 1971:, said to suggest happiness in springtime: "Wake up! Wake up!—I will make thee my comrade, thou sleeping butterfly." 4366: 4255: 3996:

Prehistoric textiles: the development of cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with special reference to the Aegean

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Feng, Y., Zhao, M., He, Z., Chen, Z., and L. Sun. (2009). Research and utilization of medicinal insects in China.

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Neff, Lyle (1999). "The Tale of Tsar Saltan: A Centenary Appreciation of Rimski-Korsakov's Second Puškin Opera".

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Srivastava, S.K., Babu, N., and H. Pandey. (2009). Traditional insect bioprospecting—As human food and medicine.

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Insects play an important role in biological research. Because of its small size, short generation time and high

806:, a resinous, waxy mixture collected by honeybees and used as a hive insulator and sealant, is often consumed by 399: 5548:

Matsuura, M.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Molster, F. J.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Nomura, H.; Sahai, R.; Hoare, M. G. (2005).

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Kevin Groark. Taxonomic Identity of "Hallucinogenic" Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex californicus) Confirmed. 2001.

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Bee and other insect costumes are worn in a variety of countries for parties, carnivals and other celebrations.

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leaves. The cocoon, produced after the fourth moult, is covered with a continuous filament of the silk protein,

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Kung, Michelle. ""Green Porno" Creator Isabella Rossellini on Animal Sex, Crazed Fans and Web Entertainment".

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Meyer-Rochow et al. (2008). In Mexico, ant larvae and corixid water boatman eggs are sought out as a form of

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was the son of a professional lepidopterist, and was interested in butterflies himself. He wrote his novel

1130:. They were used as a red dye by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The kermes dye is a rich red, and has good 1013:. Because genetic systems are well conserved among eukaryotes, understanding basic cellular processes like 686: 3206: 3161: 2366: 1277:

leading west from China was opened in the 2nd century AD, helping to drive trade in silk and other goods.

270:(1951) drew attention to the scope and potential of entomophagy, and showed a positive aspect of insects. 6947: 6942: 6888: 6501: 5955: 4888: 4615:(2000), "Antiquity of Traditional Ethnobiological Knowledge in Amazonia: a Tupí–Guaraní Family and Time" 1021:

in fruit flies helps scientists to understand those processes in other eukaryotes, including humans. The

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claimed cultural entomology as a branch of insect studies, in a review of the roles insects played in

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Sun, Xinjuan; Jiang, Kechun; Chen, Jingan; Wu, Liang; Lu, Hui; Wang, Aiping; Wang, Jianming (2014).

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was also a renowned butterfly expert. He published and illustrated many butterfly species, stating:

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Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (1975). "Can insects help to ease the problem of world food shortage?".

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his colleague for "the enormous contribution" Larson has made to their field through his cartoons.

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Keep Watching the Skies!: American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties, The 21st Century Edition

3885: 2600: 1951:, making use of the newly discovered growth hormones to lend plausibility to his science fiction. 1613: 889:, the blister-causing oil found in several families of beetles described by the vague common name 262:

described insect life and communicated their meaning to people "with imagination and brilliance".

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MacRae, Ian. "Butterfly Chronicles: Imagination and Desire in Natural & Literary Histories".

3202: 2133: 2129: 1166: 1086: 969: 951: 440: 114: 5225: 2985:"Sensasi Rasa Unik Botok Lebah yang Menyengat (Unique taste sensation botok with stinging bees)" 1990:

devotes two whole chapters (of five) to the tale of a father and son on a butterfly expedition.

6580: 6413: 4969: 3489: 3483: 2777: 2284: 2013:, a newspaper cartoon, has been used by professor of Michael Burgett as a teaching tool in his 1993:

Horror films involving insects, sometimes called "big bug movies", include the pioneering 1954

1855: 823: 682: 540: 494: 251: 246: 5907: 5518: 5198: 5144: 4942: 4915: 4510: 3858: 3407:"A systematic review of maggot debridement therapy for chronically infected wounds and ulcers" 1257:

period onwards, c. 5000 BC. Production spread to India by 140 AD. The caterpillars are fed on

650:. In Thailand, there are 20,000 farmers rearing crickets, producing some 7,500 tons per year. 6927: 6506: 6398: 6188: 6183: 6034: 5795: 5755: 5171: 4986: 4298: 2318: 1888: 1783: 1771: 1635: 1292: 1286: 1089:. Up to 100,000 scale insects are needed to make a kilogram (2.2 lbs) of cochineal dye. 869:

infections has sparked pharmaceutical research for new resources, including into arthropods.

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Some popular and influential pieces of music have had insects as their subjects. The French

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which holds much cultural significance including creation and zen-like patience in waiting.

933:, sodium channel blockers, complement inhibitors, pore formers, inhibitors of angiogenesis, 6353: 6147: 6134: 5693: 5687: 5662: 5656: 5563: 3764:

The Anti-Red Shift – To the Dark Side: Colour Changes in Flemish Luxury Woollens, 1300–1500

3526: 2328: 2228:"The Bug Nebula", also called "The Butterfly Nebula", is a more recent discovery. Known as 1929: 1806: 1759: 1716:

art is an ancient craft technique using iridescent beetle wings practiced traditionally in

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is used to treat tetanus, seizures, and convulsions, while the Chinese Black Mountain Ant,

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have long inspired humans with their life cycle, color, and ornate patterns. The novelist

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content, and it is said to have antibiotic, anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Christian, David (2000). "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History".

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Insects have been used medicinally in cultures around the world, often according to the

6029: 5424:"From the Diary of a Fly, for piano (Mikrokosmos Vol. 6/142), Sz.107/6/142, BB 105/142" 5342:""Eric Speed, Violinist, Flight of the Bumblebee, Nikon S9100, Montreal, 22 July 2011"" 4590: 4563: 4462: 4415: 4107: 3781: 3663: 2852: 1892: 1767: 1373: 1342: 1077: 945: 937:, AMPs and microbial pattern recognition molecules, and parasite enhancers/activators. 859: 627: 619: 403: 237: 193: 5480:

Mark R. Chartrand III (1983) Skyguide: A Field Guide for Amateur Astronomers, p. 184 (

2759: 1201:(water-shedding) sides, have been mimicked in a film coating designed for the British 6233: 6203: 6152: 6142: 6117: 6051: 5913: 5879: 5854: 5761: 5723: 5697: 5666: 5624: 5576: 5549: 5481: 5295: 5266: 5204: 5177: 5150: 5096: 5031: 4992: 4948: 4921: 4800: 4595: 4492: 4454: 4450: 4304: 4261: 4229: 4166: 4004: 3973: 3812: 3767: 3742: 3711: 3686: 3655: 3542: 3493: 3428: 3109: 3052: 3044: 2932: 2665: 2564: 2343: 2338: 2147: 2095: 2001: 1880: 1863: 1830: 1668: 1617: 1480: 1476: 890: 722: 663: 391: 87:, but has caused resistance to commonly-used chemicals in a thousand insect species. 24: 4466: 4437:

Arruda, L. K; Chapman, M. D. (Jan 2001). "What are the cockroach asthma antigens?".

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is an insect-themed production by the world renowned Canadian entertainment company

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In 2011, the artist Anna Collette created over 10,000 individual ceramic insects at

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Ethnoentomology developed from the 19th century with early works by authors such as

6403: 6285: 6178: 6173: 6039: 5799: 5571: 4729: 4585: 4575: 4446: 4337:"South Village welcomes spring with snacks — and an eye on environmental awareness" 4099: 3647: 3534: 3418: 3228: 2755: 2658: 2497: 2288: 2170: 2151: 2108: 2099: 2089: 1975: 1934: 1818: 1499:, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems. In the case of the 1300: 926: 914: 259: 185: 130: 5947: 4612: 3738: 3732: 3538: 3232: 250:(1935) showed that insects were an important force in human history. Writers like 6659: 6629: 5873: 5717: 5505: 5291: 4793: 4223: 4129: 3911: 2848: 2211: 2142:. The piece is one of the most recognizable pieces in classical composition. The 2026: 1918: 1492: 1442: 1365: 1316: 1235: 1131: 1118: 1112: 1014: 990: 794:(honey bee venom) is applied via direct stings to relieve arthritis, rheumatism, 718: 668: 658: 582: 565: 60: 43:

Academically, the interaction of insects and society has been treated in part as

4761: 4733: 3560: 3423: 3406: 3322: 2447: 1968: 1181:

which effectively cool the nests of these social insects. The properties of the

6654: 6604: 6529: 6420: 6393: 6319: 6193: 6077: 6010: 5591: 5316:"Rimsky-Korsakov – The Flight of the Bumblebee (Homeschool Music Appreciation)" 5023: 4707: 1952: 1910: 1755: 1692: 1508: 1385: 1308: 1038: 1034: 1030: 974: 956: 872: 639: 593: 578: 508: 424: 181: 158: 118: 5372: 5341: 4536: 4496: 2252:

in other parts of Mexico), Quetzalcoatl is a Mesoamerican deity whose name in

1044: 157:; its larvae too are eaten in some societies. Medical uses of insects include 6916: 6624: 6476: 6021: 5869: 5499:

http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/

5092: 4944:

Shakespeare and the Classical Tradition: An Annotated Bibliography, 1961–1991

4392:

Roth, L. M.; Willis, E. R. (1960). "The biotic associations of cockroaches".

3616: 3074: 1898: 1846: 1414: 1258: 1082: 930: 876: 734: 443:. The value has been estimated at $ 153 billion worldwide. As the ant expert 436: 333:

pleasure by aesthetic exercises that may be referred to as the 'humanities.'

325: 170: 2523: 2421: 2217: 1642:

ants during female rite-of-passage ceremonies, and prescribing the sting of

216: 6408: 6373: 6297: 6067: 4835: 4599: 4580: 4458: 4340: 3659: 3546: 3432: 2249: 2241: 2186: 2173:

plays duets with singing insects including cicadas, crickets, and beetles.

2069: 2009: 1850: 1804:

inch (38 mm) long, iridescent greenish coppery beetles of the species

1763: 1631: 1468: 1389: 1324: 1315:. Also in the Second World War, the French and Germans explored the use of 1223: 1162: 1107: 1103: 1093: 922: 851: 831: 795: 787: 444: 241: 166: 56: 5030:(Limited (300 copies) ed.). Dublin: Swan River Press. pp. 1–18. 4300:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

4103: 3651: 1748:

A Dragon-fly, Two Moths, a Spider and Some Beetles, With Wild Strawberries

708:

for conditions such as ulcers, rheumatic diseases, anaemia, and pain. The

6649: 6639: 6634: 6609: 6471: 6302: 6273: 6198: 6168: 6122: 6072: 5256: 5082: 4480: 2191: 2022: 1938: 1814: 1676: 1569: 1552: 1543: 1529: 1472: 1435: 1247: 1242: 1231: 1198: 1194: 1186: 934: 894: 886: 880: 827: 815: 775: 756: 739: 699: 635: 609: 589: 569: 532: 517: 512: 383: 294: 174: 162: 146: 91: 84: 80: 29: 4988:

The Pursuit of Perfection: The Promise and Perils of Medical Enhancement

3565:

Major colourants and dyestuffs, mainly produced in horticultural systems

1710:– gods of the underworld, similar to the Egyptian gods Akeu and Anubis. 473:, appears in our midst. In other words: Start thinking about the bugs." 6569: 6248: 6243: 6100: 6015: 4643: 3762:

Munro, John H. (2007). Netherton, Robin; Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (eds.).

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are used in theatrical productions and worn for parties and carnivals.

72: 64: 18: 4260:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 51–53. 2265: 1829:

It was the aesthetic complexity of insects that led Nabokov to reject

1559:

that has been celebrated for over 40 years. The larvae of the species

913:

feeding organisms, including inhibitors of platelet aggregation, ADP,

600:

in some societies around the world, and Frederick Simon Bodenheimer's

6664: 6466: 6082: 5456:"David Rothenberg: "Bug Music: How Insects Gave Us Rhythm and Noise"" 3637: 2143: 1923: 1906: 1902: 1591: 1496: 1460: 1419: 1393: 1381: 1369: 1274: 1251: 1072: 1048: 1010: 994: 982: 964: 839: 762: 752: 730: 694: 346: 342: 134: 1933:, Shakespeare similarly likens Cleopatra's hasty departure from the 6363: 6268: 6110: 6105: 5428: 2245: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2203: 2103: 1717: 1602: 1584: 1504: 1431: 1320: 1296: 1254: 1064: 1006: 978: 918: 909: 905: 847: 803: 791: 744: 714: 709: 690: 631: 597: 528: 470: 412: 321: 317: 275: 154: 150: 122: 106: 5661:(6th ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 2746:

Kellert, S. R. (1993). "Values and perceptions of invertebrates".

551:

posters, and urging children to gather the beetles and kill them.

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Gregersdotter, Katarina; Höglund, Johan; Hållén, Nicklas (2016).

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are native to the Mediterranean region, living on the sap of the

1097: 1068: 1052: 843: 819: 811: 705: 574: 507:

Human attitudes toward insects are often negative, reinforced by

432: 428: 387: 358: 350: 205: 110: 99: 68: 52: 4188:"Bug Bomb. Why our next terrorist attack could come on six legs" 2199:

In astronomy, constellations named after arthropods include the

6292: 5993: 5982: 5685: 5654: 3939:"Beetle's Shell Offers Clues to Harvesting Water in the Desert" 2553: 2200: 1980: 1874: 1703: 1577: 1464: 1446: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1351: 1347: 1190: 1022: 835: 799: 647: 614: 416: 363: 142: 6524: 2185:

The constellation Musca (as Apis) is upper right. Detail from

285: 6538: 6263: 2207: 2181: 1995: 1964: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1455: 1405: 1346:

Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses, perhaps the

1270: 779: 771: 138: 3488:(2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 2240:

The honey bee played a central role in the cosmology of the

1590:

Many people believe the urban myth that the daddy longlegs (

1471:

beads were often worn by many different cultures in ancient

1273:

of 1070 BC, and later to the ancient Greeks and Romans. The

328:

covered the field in English and from 1994 to 1997, Hogue's

75:, do not necessarily lie within these academic disciplines. 6307: 2162: 2156:

From the Diary of a Fly, for piano (Mikrokosmos Vol. 6/142)

1967:

poems about butterflies, including one by the haiku master

1942: 1680: 1427: 1304: 989:

has been an essential part of studies into principles like

901: 271: 102: 47:, dealing mostly with "advanced" societies, and in part as 5142: 3011:"Worms! A look at Zimbabwe's favorite snack: mopane worms" 1999:, featuring giant ants mutated by radiation, and the 1957 1518:

Woolly bear caterpillar larva of the isabella tiger moth,

1392:. Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in 274:

is the most studied topic in ethnoentomology, followed by

211: 5230: 5136: 3809:

Medieval Woollens: Textiles, Technology, and Organisation

3619:. The Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954). 18 Dec 1937 1423: 1377: 693:. TCM uses arthropods for various purposes; for example, 626:

Insects used in food include honey bee larvae and pupae,

544: 408: 55:

on human populations, and vice versa. They are rooted in

4391: 3912:"Namib Desert beetle inspires self-filling water bottle" 3108:: New Holland Publishers (Australia). pp. 190–192. 133:

to spread disease in enemy populations. One insect, the

3242:. Patrick B. Durst. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2405:. Vol. 4. Berliner Akademie Verlag. pp. 1–62. 1106:

is a red dye from the dried bodies of the females of a

4217: 4215: 4213: 4043:. Government of Andhra Pradesh (India). Archived from 3591:"Guidance for Industry: Cochineal Extract and Carmine" 3512: 3378: 3376: 3374: 2488:

Hogue, Charles (January 1987). "Cultural Entomology".

2128:). It is among the most frequently sung of his works. 737:

via the immune reaction produced by its sting. Boiled

5757:

Young Me, Now Me: Identical Photos, Different Decades

5223: 4367:"Predicting Winter Weather: Woolly Bear Caterpillars" 4035: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 6762:

Indian Society for the Advancement of Insect Science

4221: 4163:

Six-Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War

4127: 2807:(6th ed.). Thompson Learning. pp. 211–216. 1853:

using the wing patterns of butterflies and moths as

1849:

spent 25 years documenting all 26 characters of the

6850:

International Union for the Study of Social Insects

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ECW Press. p. 200. 5116:Boyd, Brian (April 2000). 4791:Nabokov, Vladimir (1990). 4702:Cultural Entomology Digest 4511:"Just Plain Weird Stories" 4001:Princeton University Press 2907:Entomologie Heute 20: 3–25 2177:In astronomy and cosmology 2087: 1886: 1782:The Canadian entomologist 1690: 1623: 1445:, a fly helps the goddess 1422:retells the legend of how 1357: 1284: 1229: 995:interactions between genes 810:women because of its high 759:, and frequent urination. 743:pupae were taken to treat 674: 596:are considered a culinary 563: 559: 500: 419:). However, insects offer 402:(MEA) report 2005 defines 6866: 6837: 6816: 6775: 6744: 6713: 6692: 6688: 6677: 6600: 6589: 6576: 6520: 6492: 6434: 6386: 6337: 6222: 6161: 6133: 6091: 6060: 6003: 5989: 5617:Hunter, C. Bruce (1975). 5176:. McFarland. p. 32. 5149:. Springer. p. 147. 4799:. Vintage International. 4489:J.B. Lippincott & Co. 4394:Smithsonian Misc. Collect 4071:"Silk Production Process" 3993:Barber, E. J. W. (1992). 3964:Vainker, Shelagh (2004). 3914:. BBC. 23 November 2012. 3681:Barber, E. J. W. (1991). 3100:Isaacs, Jennifer (2002). 1878:Poster for the 1957 film 1659: 1652:Pogonomyrmex californicus 1415:Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 1338:In mythology and folklore 941:In science and technology 375:Insect ecosystem services 71:uses of insects, such as 6683:Entomology Organisations 6447:Colony collapse disorder 6442:Bees and toxic chemicals 5845:Hogue, James N. (2003). 5197:Crouse, Richard (2008). 4670:"A Beetle-Wing Tea-Cosy" 4491:Notes and Queries, xii. 4091:Journal of World History 4038:"History of Sericulture" 3970:Rutgers University Press 2867:ANZAAS Journal: "Search" 1764:migrant hawker dragonfly 1538:Awakening of the Insects 1311:and flies infected with 1193:) which have bumps with 454:segment on the American 113:, in science, where the 6923:Subfields of entomology 6349:Insect bites and stings 6326:Drosophila melanogaster 6239:Biological pest control 5906:Morris, Brian (2006) . 5878:. Chatto & Windus. 5851:Encyclopedia of Insects 5831:. Retrieved 2009-11-06. 5458:. The Diana Rehm Show. 5286:Macey, Patrick (1998). 4630:Journal of Ethnobiology 4412:"What are Cockroaches?" 3731:Schoeser, Mary (2007). 3561:"Cochineal and Carmine" 3515:Drosophila melanogaster 3382:Ratcliffe, N.A. et al. 3203:Smithsonian Institution 3187:Fromme, Alison (2005). 2723:. The Washington Post. 2374:Journal of Ethnobiology 2139:The Tale of Tsar Saltan 2134:Flight of the Bumblebee 2130:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 2066:Flight of the Bumblebee 2051:Flight of the Bumblebee 1683:on paper, with applied 1265:, gummed together with 1179:Macrotermes michaelseni 1167:Eastgate Centre, Harare 970:Drosophila melanogaster 967:, the common fruit fly 959:in biological research. 952:Drosophila melanogaster 921:, PAF, anticoagulants, 824:gastrointestinal ulcers 90:Practical uses include 32:, and other properties. 6595:Branches of Entomology 6414:Rats, Lice and History 5909:Insects and Human Life 5265:. Andrews and McMeel. 5053:"Father's Butterflies" 4581:10.3390/insects3020424 4562:Takada, Kenta (2012). 3706:Goodwin, Jill (1982). 3233:"Six-legged livestock" 2298: 2278: 2225: 2221:The Butterfly Nebula, 2196: 2044: 1884: 1870:In literature and film 1856:The Butterfly Alphabet 1843: 1827: 1779: 1688: 1649:The red harvester ant 1640:Pachycondyla commutata 1621: 1548: 1533: 1484:contains allusions to 1355: 1248:reared to produce silk 1227: 1154: 1060: 960: 683:Doctrine of Signatures 672: 586: 498: 395: 386:, here by a bee on an 320:and culture including 302: 299:western corn rootworms 252:William Morton Wheeler 247:Rats, Lice and History 229: 33: 6399:Alfred Russel Wallace 6184:Entomological warfare 6035:Insects in literature 5847:"Cultural Entomology" 4968:Wells, H. G. (1904). 4697:"Beetles in Textiles" 4254:DuBois, Page (2010). 4130:"Six-legged soldiers" 4104:10.1353/jwh.2000.0004 3652:10.1081/ddc-120024188 2656:Wilson, E.O. (2006). 2520:"Cultural Entomology" 2471:Istanbul Universitesi 2418:"Cultural Entomology" 2403:Handbuch der Zoologie 2319:Arthropods in culture 2293: 2268: 2220: 2184: 2043: 1889:Insects in literature 1877: 1838: 1823: 1784:Charles Howard Curran 1746: 1667: 1616: 1546: 1517: 1345: 1287:Entomological warfare 1216: 1140: 1047: 948: 790:, and lung diseases. 782:, throat infections, 661: 602:Insects as Human Food 577: 501:Further information: 484: 439:"), dung burial, and 382: 291:agricultural aircraft 289:Fighting insects: an 288: 268:Insects as Human Food 234:Alfred Russel Wallace 226:Alfred Russel Wallace 219: 21: 6354:Insect sting allergy 6148:Cicadas in mythology 4889:"Stirring the Swarm" 4863:"Stirring the Swarm" 4537:"Daddy Longleg myth" 3683:Prehistoric Textiles 3325:. 10 February 2002. 3209:on November 11, 2005 2805:Sustaining the Earth 2803:Miller G.T. (2004). 2776:Meyer, John (2006). 2748:Conservation Biology 2329:Human uses of plants 2206:, the scorpion, and 1930:Antony and Cleopatra 1807:Chrysochroa ocellata 1562:Pyrrharctia isabella 1521:Pyrrharctia isabella 1463:seals as symbols of 1360:Insects in mythology 1151:Stenocara gracilipes 1075:). The scale insect 949:The common fruitfly 893:has been used as an 867:antibiotic resistant 856:rheumatoid arthritis 826:, arteriosclerosis, 543:from America on the 477:Pests and propaganda 467:Asian tiger mosquito 6938:Biology and culture 6457:Habitat destruction 6209:Insects in religion 5828:Wall Street Journal 5568:2005MNRAS.359..383M 5095:. pp. 115–18. 5057:The Atlantic Online 3945:on November 5, 2001 3531:2000Sci...287.2185. 3525:(5461): 2185–2195. 3482:Pierce, BA (2006). 3386:, 41 (2011) 747e769 3194:Smithsonian Zoogoer 3017:. 25 January 2013. 3015:New York Daily News 2958:National Geographic 2324:Human uses of birds 2306:Isabella Rossellini 1961:Japanese literature 1915:William Shakespeare 1909:pursue and torment 1760:clouded border moth 1626:Insects in religion 1557:Woollybear Festival 1526:Woollybear Festival 1453:is being chased by 1434:live forever as an 1350:, found at Camiros 1293:insects for warfare 1203:Ministry of Defence 1183:Namib desert beetle 1147:Namib desert beetle 977:for studies of the 897:in some societies. 721:. The venom of the 717:soldiers as living 677:Insects in medicine 462:The Washington Post 339:economic entomology 256:Maurice Maeterlinck 98:, for the valuable 45:cultural entomology 22:The "Spanish fly", 6948:Animals in culture 6943:Insects in culture 6530:Insects portal 6502:Insects and humans 6030:Arthropods in film 5979:Human interactions 5754:Frank, Ze (2011). 5504:2016-06-01 at the 5406:The Pushkin Review 5373:"The Green Hornet" 4710:on 26 October 2015 4695:Rivers, Victoria. 4069:Bezzina, Neville. 3937:Trivedi, Bijal P. 3859:"Termite research" 2853:The New York Times 2847:2017-08-23 at the 2279: 2226: 2197: 2045: 1945:in his 1904 novel 1935:Actium battlefield 1893:Arthropods in film 1885: 1780: 1689: 1675:, c. 1670. Opaque 1622: 1603:rhinoceros beetles 1549: 1534: 1356: 1250:in China from the 1228: 1155: 1134:in silk and wool. 1078:Dactylopius coccus 1061: 973:was selected as a 961: 860:multiple sclerosis 673: 620:Lethocerus indicus 606:sub-Saharan Africa 587: 499: 404:ecosystem services 396: 370:Benefits and costs 307:Erwin Schimitschek 303: 238:Henry Walter Bates 230: 34: 6910: 6909: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6673: 6672: 6536: 6535: 6425:Insect Literature 6382: 6381: 6281:Carmine/Cochineal 6234:Beneficial insect 6204:Insects in ethics 6153:Scarab (artifact) 6143:Bees in mythology 6052:Insects on stamps 5919:978-1-84520-949-0 5895:Entomologie Heute 5885:978-0-7011-8180-2 5767:978-1-61243-006-5 5729:978-0-86442-711-3 5630:978-0-8061-1992-2 5301:978-0-19-816669-6 5210:978-1-55490-330-6 5183:978-1-4766-2505-8 5156:978-1-137-49639-3 5037:978-1-78380-009-4 5028:Insect Literature 4998:978-0-307-76713-4 4954:978-0-8240-6697-0 4927:978-1-4438-2466-8 4730:Nabokov, Vladimir 4267:978-0-674-03558-4 4172:978-0-199-73353-8 4010:978-0-691-00224-8 3888:. Green Prophet. 3773:978-1-84383-291-1 3748:978-0-300-11741-7 3229:Hanboonsong, Yupa 3160:Kenyon, Chelsie. 3057:978-1-74104-558-1 2938:978-1-4051-4457-5 2637:on 7 January 2017 2605:High Country News 2444:"Who? What? Why?" 2344:Insect collecting 2339:Insects in ethics 2148:Alexander Pushkin 2068:performed by the 2060: 2002:The Deadly Mantis 1941:introduced giant 1881:The Deadly Mantis 1864:Nottingham Castle 1845:The photographer 1831:natural selection 1669:Radha and Krishna 1634:, members of the 1630:In the Brazilian 1481:Epic of Gilgamesh 1449:when her husband 1430:to let her lover 818:is used to treat 725:was used to cure 723:Red harvester ant 664:Eciton burchellii 392:ecosystem service 25:Lytta vesicatoria 6955: 6933:Cultural studies 6898: 6897: 6886: 6885: 6874: 6873: 6690: 6689: 6679: 6678: 6591: 6590: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6540: 6539: 6528: 6527: 6404:Jean-Henri Fabre 6179:Cricket fighting 6174:Cockroach racing 6040:Insects in music 6001: 6000: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5949: 5948: 5923: 5902: 5889: 5864: 5833: 5832: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5800:Cirque du Soleil 5796:"About the Show" 5792: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5689:The Ancient Maya 5683: 5677: 5676: 5658:The Ancient Maya 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5514: 5508: 5495: 5489: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5120:. The Atlantic. 5113: 5107: 5106: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4971:Food of the Gods 4965: 4959: 4958: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4861:French, Anneka. 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4798: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4706:. Archived from 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4639: 4633: 4626: 4620: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4593: 4583: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4539:. Myth Busters. 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4487:. Philadelphia: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4414:. Archived from 4408: 4402: 4401: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4294: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4251: 4240: 4239: 4219: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4192:The Boston Globe 4183: 4177: 4176: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4077:on 29 June 2012. 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4049: 4042: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3785: 3777: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3426: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3380: 3369: 3362: 3356: 3349: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3334: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3300:. Archived from 3294: 3288: 3282: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3237: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3205:. Archived from 3189:"Edible Insects" 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3066: 3060: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2960:. Archived from 2949: 2943: 2942: 2922: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2886: 2875: 2874: 2862: 2856: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2663: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2579: 2562: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2518:Hogue, Charles. 2515: 2506: 2505: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2420:. Archived from 2416:Hogue, Charles. 2413: 2407: 2406: 2398: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2371: 2362: 2289:Cirque du Soleil 2171:David Rothenberg 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2100:Josquin des Prez 2090:Insects in music 2062: 2061: 2042: 1976:Vladimir Nabokov 1819:Vladimir Nabokov 1803: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1774:, centre right; 1754:, 17th century. 1576:, implicated in 1528:of the American 1317:Colorado beetles 1301:Second World War 1007:animal behaviour 927:vasoconstrictors 915:arachidonic acid 854:in sufferers of 495:Colorado beetles 315: 260:Jean Henri Fabre 131:Second World War 117:is an important 6963: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6854: 6833: 6812: 6771: 6740: 6709: 6684: 6669: 6660:Trichopterology 6630:Lepidopterology 6620:Heteropterology 6615:Ethnoentomology 6596: 6585: 6572: 6567: 6537: 6532: 6522: 6516: 6494: 6488: 6430: 6378: 6340: 6333: 6225: 6218: 6157: 6129: 6087: 6056: 5996: 5991: 5985: 5976: 5930: 5920: 5892: 5886: 5875:Bugs Britannica 5868:Marren, Peter; 5867: 5861: 5844: 5841: 5839:Further reading 5836: 5823: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5794: 5793: 5786: 5777: 5775: 5768: 5752: 5748: 5739: 5737: 5730: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5653: 5649: 5640: 5638: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5515: 5511: 5506:Wayback Machine 5496: 5492: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5294:. p. 155. 5292:Clarendon Press 5284: 5280: 5273: 5254: 5250: 5241: 5239: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5024:Hearn, Lafcadio 5021: 5017: 5008: 5006: 4999: 4983: 4979: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4795:Strong Opinions 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4758: 4754: 4745: 4743: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4642:Gough, Andrew. 4640: 4636: 4627: 4623: 4611: 4607: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4478: 4474: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4418:on 14 June 2012 4410: 4409: 4405: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4333: 4329: 4320: 4318: 4311: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4275: 4268: 4252: 4243: 4236: 4220: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4126: 4119: 4086: 4082: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4050:on 21 July 2011 4047: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4011: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3805: 3801: 3789: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3708:A Dyer's Manual 3704: 3700: 3693: 3679: 3675: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3307: 3305: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3235: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3158: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3067: 3063: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2991:on 22 June 2015 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2964:on 16 July 2015 2950: 2946: 2939: 2923: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2887: 2878: 2863: 2859: 2849:Wayback Machine 2840: 2833: 2831: 2816: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2774: 2767: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2597: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2560: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2526:on 17 June 2012 2516: 2509: 2486: 2482: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2450:on 4 March 2016 2442: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2424:on 17 June 2012 2414: 2410: 2399: 2392: 2384: 2369: 2363: 2356: 2352: 2315: 2263: 2212:Petrus Plancius 2179: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2063: 2056: 2053: 2046: 2040: 2035: 2027:Dale H. Clayton 2021:and its author 1895: 1887:Main articles: 1872: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1770:, centre left; 1768:cardinal beetle 1695: 1662: 1628: 1611: 1493:Arrernte people 1362: 1340: 1333: 1289: 1283: 1238: 1236:History of silk 1230:Main articles: 1211: 1132:colour fastness 1119:Kermes vermilio 1087:deter predators 1027:D. melanogaster 1015:DNA replication 991:genetic linkage 987:D. melanogaster 957:model organisms 943: 755:, convulsions, 679: 656: 640:Witchetty grubs 583:Arrernte people 579:Witchetty grubs 572: 566:Insects as food 564:Main articles: 562: 557: 505: 479: 377: 372: 309: 214: 61:natural history 49:ethnoentomology 12: 11: 5: 6961: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6892: 6880: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6728: 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6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6097: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6078:Artificial fly 6075: 6070: 6064: 6062: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6018: 6011:Insects in art 6007: 6005: 5998: 5987: 5986: 5975: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5938: 5929: 5928:External links 5926: 5925: 5924: 5918: 5903: 5890: 5884: 5870:Mabey, Richard 5865: 5859: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5817: 5784: 5766: 5746: 5728: 5709: 5702: 5678: 5671: 5647: 5629: 5609: 5583: 5562:(1): 383–400. 5540: 5517:Ridpath, Ian. 5509: 5490: 5473: 5447: 5415: 5396: 5364: 5333: 5307: 5300: 5278: 5271: 5248: 5216: 5209: 5189: 5182: 5162: 5155: 5135: 5108: 5101: 5074: 5043: 5036: 5015: 4997: 4977: 4960: 4953: 4933: 4926: 4906: 4880: 4853: 4827: 4812: 4805: 4783: 4760:Ahuja, Nitin. 4752: 4721: 4687: 4661: 4634: 4621: 4619:47(2):399–422. 4605: 4574:(4): 423–431. 4554: 4528: 4502: 4472: 4429: 4403: 4384: 4358: 4327: 4309: 4284: 4266: 4241: 4234: 4209: 4178: 4171: 4153: 4117: 4080: 4061: 4028: 4009: 4003:. p. 31. 3985: 3978: 3972:. p. 20. 3956: 3929: 3903: 3876: 3850: 3824: 3817: 3799: 3772: 3754: 3747: 3723: 3716: 3698: 3691: 3673: 3646:(8): 925–938. 3630: 3608: 3582: 3552: 3505: 3498: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3397: 3388: 3370: 3357: 3339: 3314: 3289: 3260: 3220: 3179: 3152: 3121: 3114: 3092: 3069:Tang, Philip. 3061: 3032: 3002: 2975: 2944: 2937: 2910: 2898: 2876: 2857: 2810: 2795: 2765: 2754:(4): 845–855. 2738: 2707: 2677: 2670: 2648: 2622: 2591: 2569: 2546: 2537: 2507: 2480: 2461: 2435: 2408: 2390: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2262: 2259: 2178: 2175: 2088:Main article: 2076: 2064: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2031: 1953:Lafcadio Hearn 1871: 1868: 1851:Latin alphabet 1786:'s 1945 book, 1752:Jan van Kessel 1693:Insects in art 1691:Main article: 1661: 1658: 1624:Main article: 1610: 1607: 1509:praying mantis 1461:Old Babylonian 1441:In an ancient 1418:, the goddess 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4767: 4763: 4756: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4735:Speak, Memory 4731: 4725: 4709: 4705: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4632:21(2):133–144 4631: 4625: 4618: 4614: 4613:William Balée 4609: 4601: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4316: 4312: 4310:0-7141-1705-6 4306: 4302: 4301: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4235:1-4051-1113-5 4231: 4227: 4226: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4135:The Scientist 4131: 4124: 4122: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3989: 3981: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3820: 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