91:, various forms of the "house duty" had existed since the 1850s. The tax was legally applicable to all house-owners in the Cape, regardless of race or religion, but was only partially enforced, especially in rural areas. A full and universally applicable house tax was imposed in 1870 (Act 9 of 1870), and was more fully enforced, due to the government's severe financial difficulties at the time. The highly unpopular tax was terminated in 1872 (Act 11 of 1872), but a new and higher duty was applied by the
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the newly introduced cash-based colonial economy, forced South
Africans into laboring for colonial establishments, creating dependency on capitalism. Households which had primarily been rural ranchers or farmers proceeded to send members to work in the cities or on colonial government-sponsored construction projects to earn money to pay the tax. The new colonial economies in Africa were primarily reliant upon the construction of towns and infrastructure (such as
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possessions on a "per hut" (or other forms of household) basis. It was variously payable in money, labour, grain or stock and benefited the colonial authorities in four interconnected ways, by raising money; supporting the economic value of the local currency (and colonially controlled); broadening
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For houses valued under £100, five shillings were levied; for houses valued between £100 and £500, ten shillings were levied; for houses valued between £500 and £1,000, twenty shillings were levied; and for every additional £500 above, an additional ten shillings were added to the tax
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in the
Ronietta district, in which substantial damage was sustained to the establishments of the Home Missionary Society. The damage sustained by the Society led to an international tribunal regarding restitution for the damages suffered, brought by the
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during 1878, when government expenditure was extremely high. The Cape's most controversial "hut tax" was established under Act 37 of 1884, and specified 10
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128:(BSAC), acting on behalf of the British government in the area. Various events such as the introduction of the hut tax, disputes over
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on behalf of the Home
Missionary Society. The society was compensated for damages done to them by Sierra Leonean rioters.
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President Arthur
Barclay (1904–1912): External and internal threats to Americo-Liberian rule
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Beyond the
Personal Income Tax: Direct Taxation without Representation in Colonial Africa
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per hut with exclusions for the elderly and infirm. It was repealed under Act 4 of 1889.
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403:"Home Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society of the United Brethren in Christ"
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210:", Journal of Historical Political Economy: Vol. 3: No. 4, pp 555-575.
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and a series of natural disasters contributed to the decision of the
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against the company in 1896, which became known as the First
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also implemented a hut tax, which in one case led to a
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By 1908 the following hut taxes were introduced in the
291:
Garran, Robert (1908). "XXII - Sources of
Revenue".
263:
Garran, Robert (1908). "XXII - Sources of
Revenue".
485:
238:(1992) . "Chap. 27 Rhodes, Raiders and Rebels".
297:. Cape Town: Central News Agency. pp. n159
269:. Cape Town: Central News Agency. pp. n157
116:, a hut tax was introduced at the rate of ten
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120:per hut in 1894. Although authorized by the
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445:. Personal.denison.edu. Archived from
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242:. London: Abacus. pp. 497–498.
353:. Oracle Foundation. Archived from
124:in London, the tax was paid to the
61:In Natal, under Law 13 of 1857, 14
13:
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466:1870 House Duty Act (1870, Act 9)
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65:per hut. Africans that lived in
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317:"The Uganda Agreement of 1900"
294:The government of South Africa
266:The government of South Africa
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432:. liberiapastandpresent.org.
126:British South Africa Company
7:
443:"Liberia from 1930 to 1944"
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158:The tax was also used in
112:, now part of modern-day
73:were exempt from the tax.
428:22 February 2020 at the
240:The Scramble for Africa
55:colony of South Africa
41:the rapidly expanding
93:Sprigg administration
67:European-style houses
49:Union of South Africa
206:Daisy Ward (2024), "
504:History of taxation
185:American government
180:Hut Tax War of 1898
148:Second Matabele War
327:on 25 October 2021
494:History of Africa
321:Buganda Home Page
178:, it sparked the
168:Northern Rhodesia
108:In the colony of
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236:Pakenham, Thomas
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197:revolt in 1915.
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45:operations.
39:South Africa
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110:Mashonaland
104:Mashonaland
89:Cape Colony
488:Categories
381:BBC Online
377:"Tax Wars"
351:ThinkQuest
215:References
143:Chimurenga
37:), and in
301:29 August
273:29 August
118:shillings
97:shillings
82:shillings
63:shillings
28:in their
426:Archived
387:19 March
361:19 March
347:"Zambia"
331:19 March
114:Zimbabwe
84:per hut.
78:Transkei
35:railways
22:taxation
478:amount.
191:Liberia
174:). In
87:In the
76:In the
30:African
26:British
18:hut tax
453:13 May
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172:Zambia
164:Uganda
130:cattle
43:mining
406:(PDF)
383:. BBC
170:(now
160:Kenya
138:rebel
134:Shona
80:, 10
69:with
455:2013
389:2007
363:2007
333:2007
303:2009
275:2009
244:ISBN
166:and
16:The
195:Kru
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