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someone wiser than himself among politicians, poets, and craftsmen. It appeared that politicians claimed wisdom without knowledge; poets could touch people with their words, but did not know their meaning; and craftsmen could claim knowledge only in specific and narrow fields. The interpretation of the Oracle's answer might be
Socrates' awareness of his own ignorance.
531:
I am wiser than this man, for neither of us appears to know anything great and good; but he fancies he knows something, although he knows nothing; whereas I, as I do not know anything, do not fancy I do. In this trifling particular, then, I appear to be wiser than he, because I do not fancy I know
415:
21d). The paraphrased saying, though widely attributed to Plato's
Socrates in both ancient and modern times, actually occurs nowhere in Plato's works in precisely the form "I know I know nothing." Two prominent Plato scholars have recently argued that the claim should not be attributed to Plato's
458:
Regardless, the context in which this passage occurs is the same, independently of any specific translation. That is, Socrates having gone to a "wise" man, and having discussed with him, withdraws and thinks the above to himself. Socrates, since he denied any kind of knowledge, then tried to find
526:τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι· κινδυνεύει μὲν γὰρ ἡμῶν οὐδέτερος οὐδὲν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν εἰδέναι, ἀλλ᾽ οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι· ἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε σμικρῷ τινι αὐτῷ τούτῳ σοφώτερος εἶναι, ὅτι ἃ μὴ οἶδα οὐδὲ οἴομαι εἰδέναι.
494:" Western philosophy. Socrates begins all wisdom with wondering, thus one must begin with admitting one's ignorance. After all, Socrates' dialectic method of teaching was based on that he as a teacher knew nothing, so he would derive knowledge from his students by dialogue.
454:
Although I do not suppose that either of us knows anything really beautiful and good, I am better off than he is – for he knows nothing, and thinks he knows. I neither know nor think I know. .
543:
I know virtually nothing, except a certain small subject – love (τῶν ἐρωτικῶν), although on this subject, I'm thought to be amazing (δεινός), better than anyone else, past or present.
680:
Plato. Plato in Twelve
Volumes, Vol. 1 translated by Harold North Fowler; Introduction by W.R.M. Lamb. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1966.
2012:
536:
It is also a curiosity that there is more than one passage in the narratives in which
Socrates claims to have knowledge on some topic, for instance on love:
487:
Here, Socrates aims at the change of Meno's opinion, who was a firm believer in his own opinion and whose claim to knowledge
Socrates had disproved.
436:, Plato relates that Socrates accounts for his seeming wiser than any other person because he does not imagine that he knows what he does not know.
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306:, although this name is often instead used to refer to other seemingly paradoxical claims made by Socrates in Plato's dialogues (most notably,
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446:... I seem, then, in just this little thing to be wiser than this man at any rate, that what I do not know I do not think I know either.
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So now I do not know what virtue is; perhaps you knew before you contacted me, but now you are certainly like one who does not know. (
1715:
552:"Socratic paradox" may also refer to statements of Socrates that seem contrary to common sense, such as that "no one desires evil".
474:καὶ νῦν περὶ ἀρετῆς ὃ ἔστιν ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, σὺ μέντοι ἴσως πρότερον μὲν ᾔδησθα πρὶν ἐμοῦ ἅψασθαι, νῦν μέντοι ὅμοιος εἶ οὐκ εἰδότι.
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Socrates indicates that he is so confident in his claim to knowledge at 29b-c that he is willing to die for it.
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knew anything, and that he was only wiser than others because he was the only person who recognized his own ignorance.
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vol. 35 (2008), p. 51). C. C. W. Taylor has argued that the "paradoxical formulation is a clear misreading of Plato" (
341:." Socrates, believing the oracle but also completely convinced that he knew nothing, was said to have concluded that
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786:"All I know is that I know nothing -> Ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα, Εν οίδα ότι ουδέν οίδα, ΕΝ ΟΙΔΑ ΟΤΙ ΟΥΔΕΝ ΟΙΔΑ"
411:
This is technically a shorter paraphrasing of
Socrates' statement, "I neither know nor think I know" (in Plato,
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Fine argues that "it is better not to attribute it to him" ("Does
Socrates Claim to Know He Knows Nothing?",
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written hundreds of years after Plato, where he lists, among the things that
Socrates used to say: "
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How could I vote 'No,' when the only thing I say I understand is the art of love? (τὰ ἐρωτικά)
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Evidence that
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Gail Fine, "Does Socrates Claim to Know that He Knows Nothing?",
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Classical Athens and the Delphic Oracle: Divination and Democracy
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901:. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation. Duquesne University. 2014.
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On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates
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All of a Sudden: The Role of Ἐξαίφνης in Plato's Dialogues
516:
Again, closer to the quote, there is a passage in Plato's
769:
462:
Socrates also deals with this phrase in Plato's dialogue
423:
29b-c, where he claims twice to know something. See also
300:"For I was conscious that I knew practically nothing..."
767:...et hoc scio solum, quia scio me nescire [
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This saying is also connected or conflated with the
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450:A more commonly used translation puts it,
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510:εἰδέναι μὲν μηδὲν πλὴν αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰδέναι
369:text (see below). It is also quoted as "
1841:The unexamined life is not worth living
823:, Oxford University Press 1998, p. 46).
60:The unexamined life is not worth living
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765:, Walter de Gruyter, 1967, p. 312): "
321:to a question Socrates (according to
817:Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy
804:Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy
719:, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
547:
365:"), is a possible paraphrase from a
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2040:Serenade after Plato's "Symposium"
1919:Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca
1325:What the Tortoise Said to Achilles
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361:ipse se nihil scire id unum sciat
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855:. Kaplan Publishing. p. 9.
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497:There is also a passage by
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284:" is a saying derived from
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1834:I know that I know nothing
806:vol. 35 (2008), pp. 49–88.
653:There are unknown unknowns
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615:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
308:Socratic intellectualism
99:Socratic intellectualism
1922:(3rd-century sculpture)
1244:Paradoxes of set theory
1962:Der geduldige Socrates
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959:73 (1964), pp. 147–64.
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532:what I do not know.
124:Socratic questioning
2008:(1st-century essay)
1741:Cultural depictions
1269:Temperature paradox
1192:Free choice paradox
1056:Fitch's knowability
568:Academic skepticism
373:scio me nihil scire
193:Cultural depictions
178:Academic skepticism
2048:Barefoot in Athens
1645:Prisoner's dilemma
1331:Heat death paradox
1319:Unexpected hanging
1284:Chicken or the egg
742:Book I, section 16
692:"Socratic Paradox"
597:Doxastic attitudes
430:That said, in the
391:Katharevousa Greek
288:'s account of the
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2005:De genio Socratis
1986:Socrates on Trial
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2198:
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2196:Hippias Minor
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2189:Hippias Major
2186:
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2018:
2016:(1841 thesis)
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
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1995:
1988:
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1957:(423 BC play)
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1787:Social gadfly
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1615:Morton's fork
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1555:Buridan's ass
1553:
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1528:Apportionment
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1398:
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1387:Downs–Thomson
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1304:Plato's beard
1302:
1300:
1297:
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1202:Kleene–Rosser
1200:
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1129:
1127:
1126:Theseus' ship
1124:
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1114:
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1109:
1107:
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1102:
1099:
1097:
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1086:Mere addition
1084:
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1079:
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1024:Philosophical
1022:
1018:
1010:
1005:
1003:
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996:
991:
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987:
980:
975:
971:
970:
958:
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949:Terence Irwin
945:
938:
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931:
926:
919:
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805:
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764:
761:, XIII, 146 (
760:
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743:
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712:
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541:
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514:
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505:
500:
495:
493:
492:post-Socratic
488:
484:
483:translation)
482:
477:
469:
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460:
455:
451:
447:
437:
435:
434:
428:
426:
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417:
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392:
388:
384:
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368:
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356:
346:
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328:
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271:
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259:
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245:
237:
236:
231:
230:Virtue ethics
228:
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107:
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37:
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33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2453:
2412:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2301:Rival Lovers
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2024:(2006 novel)
2019:
2011:
2003:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1965:(1721 opera)
1960:
1952:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1858:Sophroniscus
1833:
1811:
1736:Bibliography
1635:Preparedness
1467:Productivity
1447:Mandeville's
1258:
1239:Opposite Day
1167:Burali-Forti
1162:Bhartrhari's
981:at Wikiquote
956:
952:
944:
934:
925:
915:
906:
893:
884:
876:
871:
851:
844:
836:
820:
816:
811:
803:
798:
789:
780:
772:
766:
762:
758:
749:
737:
728:
716:
711:
699:. Retrieved
695:
686:
675:
657:
640:
613:
606:
602:Epistemology
578:Apodicticity
551:
542:
539:
535:
530:
523:
517:
515:
502:
501:in his work
496:
489:
486:
478:
471:
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439:
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429:
424:
420:
418:
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378:
370:
358:
352:
342:
316:
299:
281:
279:
222:
188:Bibliography
113:
50:
2389:Oeconomicus
2382:Memorabilia
2059:(1971 film)
2051:(1966 film)
1989:(2007 play)
1973:(1759 play)
1565:Condorcet's
1417:Giffen good
1377:Competition
1131:White horse
1106:Omnipotence
715:H. Bowden,
701:19 November
642:Sapere aude
293:philosopher
157:Antisthenes
2490:Categories
2343:Theaetetus
2287:Protagoras
2259:Parmenides
2245:On Justice
2182:Hipparchus
2154:Euthydemus
1997:Literature
1954:The Clouds
1876:Lamprocles
1864:Phaenarete
1640:Prevention
1630:Parrondo's
1620:Navigation
1605:Inventor's
1600:Hedgehog's
1560:Chainstore
1543:Population
1538:New states
1472:Prosperity
1452:Mayfield's
1294:Entailment
1274:Barbershop
1187:Epimenides
667:References
648:Skepticism
636:Pyrrhonism
573:Metamemory
563:Acatalepsy
416:Socrates.
401:oudèn oîda
396:οὐδὲν οἶδα
327:Chaerephon
224:The Clouds
162:Aristippus
2511:Ignorance
2455:Peritrope
2396:Symposium
2336:Symposium
2329:Statesman
2252:On Virtue
2224:Menexenus
2161:Euthyphro
2133:Demodocus
2105:Clitophon
2098:Charmides
2068:Dialogues
1882:Menexenus
1870:Xanthippe
1655:Willpower
1650:Tolerance
1625:Newcomb's
1590:Fredkin's
1477:Scitovsky
1397:Edgeworth
1392:Easterlin
1357:Antitrust
1254:Russell's
1249:Richard's
1222:Pinocchio
1177:Crocodile
1096:Newcomb's
1066:Goodman's
1061:Free will
1046:Epicurean
1017:paradoxes
916:Symposium
738:Academica
626:Maieutics
349:Etymology
213:Platonism
208:Megarians
203:Cyrenaics
152:Aeschines
2501:Socrates
2477:Category
2367:Xenophon
2315:Sisyphus
2294:Republic
2280:Philebus
2273:Phaedrus
2140:Epinomis
2112:Cratylus
2091:Axiochus
2056:Socrates
1970:Socrates
1935:Socrates
1904:Socrates
1866:(mother)
1860:(father)
1780:Concepts
1725:Socrates
1683:Category
1580:Ellsberg
1432:Leontief
1412:Gibson's
1407:European
1402:Ellsberg
1372:Braess's
1367:Bertrand
1345:Economic
1279:Catch-22
1259:Socratic
1101:Nihilism
1071:Hedonism
1031:Analysis
1015:Notable
979:Socrates
918:, 177d-e
821:Socrates
773:]...
755:von Kues
556:See also
407:In Plato
323:Xenophon
310:and the
296:Socrates
244:Category
218:Stoicism
198:Cynicism
147:Xenophon
32:Socrates
24:a series
22:Part of
2437:Related
2414:Halcyon
2375:Apology
2357:Timaeus
2350:Theages
2322:Sophist
2175:Gorgias
2147:Eryxias
2119:Critias
2084:Apology
1978:Socrate
1902:include
1826:Phrases
1585:Fenno's
1550:Arrow's
1533:Alabama
1523:Abilene
1502:Tullock
1457:Metzler
1299:Lottery
1289:Drinker
1232:Yablo's
1227:Quine's
1182:Curry's
1145:Logical
1121:Sorites
1111:Preface
1091:Moore's
1076:Liberal
1051:Fiction
935:Theages
879:80d1–3.
875:Plato,
837:Apology
835:Plato,
518:Apology
433:Apology
425:Apology
421:Apology
413:Apology
2266:Phaedo
2210:Laches
1890:(wife)
1872:(wife)
1851:Family
1492:Thrift
1462:Plenty
1437:Lerner
1427:Jevons
1422:Icarus
1352:Allais
1314:Ross's
1152:Barber
1136:Zeno's
1081:Meno's
937:, 128b
859:
734:Cicero
583:Cogito
377:" or "
343:nobody
339:Athens
333:, the
331:Pythia
319:answer
133:Pupils
68:Gadfly
2406:Other
2238:Minos
2217:Lysis
2126:Crito
2076:Plato
2032:Other
1946:Stage
1898:Works
1888:Myrto
1884:(son)
1878:(son)
1595:Green
1575:Downs
1507:Value
1442:Lucas
1309:Raven
1217:No-no
1172:Court
1157:Berry
930:Plato
911:Plato
763:Werke
721:p. 82
367:Greek
355:Latin
325:) or
290:Greek
286:Plato
142:Plato
2231:Meno
1900:that
1750:Life
1673:List
1497:Toil
1212:Card
1207:Liar
877:Meno
857:ISBN
839:21d.
703:2021
465:Meno
399:",
393:as "
2203:Ion
1911:Art
770:sic
403:).
389:to
314:).
2492::
951:,
932:.
913:.
828:^
788:.
775:."
757:,
740:,
736:,
694:.
595:,
357:("
298::
26:on
1843:"
1839:"
1836:"
1832:"
1717:e
1710:t
1703:v
1327:"
1323:"
1008:e
1001:t
994:v
939:.
920:.
865:.
792:.
744:.
723:.
705:.
280:"
269:e
262:t
255:v
62:"
58:"
53:"
49:"
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