19:
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In Spain and
Portugal, the 1980s marked the start of efforts to bring back several of the Northern Iberian breeds from extinction, some of which were down to a few dozen individuals. The Cartusian strain of Pure Spanish (Andalusian) horse was also endangered, with a breeding population of about 150
187:
studies revealed that the populations are not closely related until there was some documented admixture between
Exmoors and Celtic horses in the early-to-mid 20th century. If anything, the Iberian breeds are characterized by a "consistent absence of geographical structure".
78:
is found throughout the
Iberian horse population, though it is not as frequently found as other mDNA lineages. Thus current evidence suggests they are not as closely related as once thought. However, the problem is that the Sorraia has endured a major
636:
thought to originate wholly or partly within
Portugal and Spain. Some have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Iberian.
83:
since ancient times, and only two DNA founder lineages remain, so it is not possible to determine if certain haplotypes in various breeds descend from other lines now extinct in the
Sorraia.
191:
When the
Spanish reached the Americas in the late 15th century, they brought various horses of Iberian ancestry with them. Their descendants have been designated as the
50:, while others have origins outside the Iberian peninsula. The remaining FAO-recognized breeds are of well-known foreign blood, or are recently developed breeds.
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in both directions and crossbred. It is not possible to determine which of these strains is the older one, and both trace to the Roman era, far earlier than the
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737:
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757:
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Jansen, Thomas; Peter
Forster; Marsha A. Levine; Hardy Oelke; Matthew Hurles; Colin Renfrew; JĆ¼rgen Weber; Klaus Olek (6 August 2002).
615:
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from outside breeds were crossed on local breeds, such as the Exmoor pony stallions brought to the area, or for example, the heavy
474:
128:
Throughout history, Iberian horses have been influenced by many different peoples and cultures who occupied Spain, including the
298:
Royo, L.J.; I. Ćlvarez; A. Beja-Pereira; A. Molina; I. FernĆ”ndez; J. Jordana; E. GĆ³mez; J. P. GutiĆ©rrez; F. Goyache (2005).
66:. DNA studies indicate certain breeds have ancestry that can be traced to wild horses that lived about 6200BCE, in the
42:, while other horses believed to be native to the peninsula are not. Likewise, some modern breeds are understood from
546:
The
Retuertas horse; the "missing link" in the iberoamerican horse breed origin?, Vega-PlĆ et al 2005, available at
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578:
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Roman writers mention in
Hispania war horses, wild horses, "tieldones" and small "asturcones'" in the north.
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as far back as 20,000 to 25,000 BCE. Iberian horses are thought to be among the oldest types of
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and have contributed significantly to a number of horse breeds in both North and South
America.
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of Iberian horse were identified in early research: so-called "Celtic" ponies, centered in the
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Genetic characterization of the Spanish Trotter horse breed using microsatellite markers
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At one time, the northern Celtic horses were thought to have ancestry related to the
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breeds crossed on foreign stallions to create a bigger animal more useful for the
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468:. "Mitochondrial DNA Insight On The Evolutionary History Of The Iberian Horses."
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may have been an ancestor of several modern breeds, and it is possible as their
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animals. In 2005, a distinctive primitive, feral breed was identified inside
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475:"Mitochondrial DNA Insight On The Evolutionary History Of The Iberian Horses"
424:"Wild Iberian horses contributed to origin of current Iberian domestic stock"
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that is commonly assumed to mark the beginning of such crossbreeding.
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in the north, and the horses of the south, represented today by the
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263:, accessed March 15, 2012, cites 3 Portuguese and 20 spanish breeds
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47:
762:
682:
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300:"The Origins of Iberian Horses Assessed via Mitochondrial DNA"
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38:. At present, some breeds are officially recognized by the
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Poroceedings of the XIV Plant and Animal Genome Conference,
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344:"Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse"
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Cave paintings show that horses have been present on the
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260:
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present convincing evidence that horses crossed the
148:. The Iberian horse was identified as a talented
125:, all of which are considered endangered breeds.
805:
348:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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70:period. There is a past hypothesis that the
523:"Basque Country horses ā Innovations Report"
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113:phenotype. The northern breeds include the
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472:2006. Web page accessed June 17, 2007 at
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109:and related breeds, many of which have a
22:1743 engraving depicting an Iberian horse
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565:(A. Rodero et al, 2008) needs full cite
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30:is a designation given to a number of
625:Horse breeds of the Iberian peninsula
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183:of the British Isles, but subsequent
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156:studies of the modern horses of the
503:. International Museum of the Horse
404:. International Museum of the Horse
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13:
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14:
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579:Report on DNA of Spanish horses
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515:
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453:Genetics and Molecular Biology
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46:to be descended from historic
1:
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455:, accessed November 5, 2009.
275:, accessed March 13, 2012,
237:List of Iberian horse breeds
227:(Caballo de las retuertas).
7:
230:
10:
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527:www.innovations-report.com
152:as early as 450 BCE.
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781:
641:
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99:Andalusian and Carthusian
174:Muslim conquest of Spain
68:Early Iberian Neolithic
369:10.1073/pnas.152330099
193:Colonial Spanish Horse
23:
668:Basque Mountain Horse
317:10.1093/jhered/esi116
21:
787:List of horse breeds
584:Info on Jaca Navarra
481:on 27 September 2007
221:DoƱana National Park
768:Spanish Sport Horse
360:2002PNAS...9910905J
354:(16): 10905ā10910.
304:Journal of Heredity
170:Strait of Gibraltar
64:domesticated horses
588:Google translation
553:2014-04-07 at the
242:Sable Island horse
81:genetic bottleneck
24:
819:Iberian Peninsula
801:
800:
743:PĆ³nei da Terceira
430:. 12 January 2010
199:In modern times,
185:Mitochondrial DNA
158:Iberian peninsula
154:Mitochondrial DNA
60:Iberian Peninsula
44:mitochondrial DNA
36:Iberian Peninsula
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477:. Archived from
464:Lopez, MarĆa S.
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273:'R.D. 2129/2008'
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261:'FAO breed list'
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95:Cantabrian Range
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773:Spanish Trotter
738:Pirinenc CatalĆ”
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555:Wayback Machine
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573:External links
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310:(6): 663ā669.
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34:native to the
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28:Iberian horse
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698:Jaca Navarra
634:Horse breeds
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530:. Retrieved
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505:. Retrieved
501:"Andalusian"
495:
483:. Retrieved
479:the original
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432:. Retrieved
428:ScienceDaily
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406:. Retrieved
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209:Jaca Navarra
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166:North Africa
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32:horse breeds
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25:
15:
586:(Spanish) (
532:25 November
434:25 November
408:13 November
181:Exmoor pony
808:Categories
713:MallorquĆn
656:Carthusian
651:Andalusian
646:Alter Real
402:"Lusitano"
248:References
215:industry.
140:, various
91:phenotypes
753:Retuertas
723:MenorquĆn
718:MarismeƱo
213:horsemeat
201:stallions
164:horse of
150:war horse
107:MarismeƱo
76:haplotype
48:landraces
733:Monchino
708:Lusitano
673:Burguete
663:AsturcĆ³n
551:Archived
548:eeap.org
388:12130666
326:16251517
231:See also
205:Burguete
144:and the
123:Asturcon
103:Lusitano
763:Sorraia
758:Serrano
683:Garrano
678:Gallego
507:1 April
485:17 June
356:Bibcode
115:Garrano
72:Sorraia
54:History
748:Pottok
728:MĆ©rens
703:Losino
466:et al.
386:
379:125071
376:
324:
223:, the
138:Romans
136:, the
132:, the
121:, and
119:Pottok
146:Arabs
130:Celts
534:2021
509:2012
487:2007
436:2021
410:2009
384:PMID
322:PMID
207:and
162:Barb
160:and
26:The
374:PMC
364:doi
312:doi
40:FAO
810::
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451:,
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352:99
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334:^
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328:.
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