Ieremia Cecan - Knowledge

859: 215: 1426:, he returned to preaching a rapprochement with the Catholics, urging his church bishops to renounce "outdated prejudice". In June, he addressed the Romanian Orthodox Church in an open letter, calling for a renewed work of religious instruction and "pastoral apostolate", which, he argued, would have prevented Romania from going the way of the Soviet Union. The letter also restated that "all the Christian world should form one unbreakable front" around the "invisible citadel" of Rome. Late that month, this polemical stance resulted in Cecan being cited before his Metropolis, to answer for his "propaganda against the Orthodox Church." His multiculturalism still found backers inside the ecclesiastical structures—in July, his associate 666:("Our Association" or "Our Union"). Presumably "the only private-owned church magazine" in early 20th-century Russia, it had a maximum of 800 copies per issue. Although mostly in Russian, this publication was mainly aimed at the Bessarabian–Moldavian priests and other Romanian-speaking intellectuals. Its Romanian-language content was directed at the peasants and the schoolteachers, focusing on ideals of social improvement and education. These were regarded as independent and progressive stances—for such reasons, it came to be indexed by 1189:("Christian Victory"). In 1931, he and Ioan Știucă revived the newspaper. This again irritated the sensibilities of mainstream Romanian nationalists by continuing to advocate in Russian; as Cecan noted in his rebuttal, there was a practical reason framing this decision: "We are proud that we know Russian almost as well as Romanian; we are proud that we will be able to respond in the same language to mistakes, delusions, fabrications and attacks of the minority press". Unpersuaded by such pleading, Metropolitan Gurie obtained that 806:. In August 1915, he contributed therein a piece in favor of agricultural schools for the newly orphaned. He argued that doing so would empower the future peasants economically and ensure that they remained patriotic and proud citizens of the Empire. Sociologist Andrei Dumbrăveanu describes this text as proof that Cecan, "many times defeated, arrived, whether aware or unwitting, at shaping the minds of Bessarabians as required in times of war." The following year, Cecan was designated as editor of the revamped 204: 1319:, drafted a citizens' letter which openly censured Cecan for his "right-wing extremism". The priest was immediately defended by a group of supporters, who noted that Bogos had no mandate to speak for the whole citizenry, and that he had issued no such protest against communists, even as they "carried out violent attacks in the city streets." 1403:. This announcement was closely followed by a government ban on Guard activities. One report of December 10 noted that, as part of this clampdown, Cecan had been taken into Chișinău police custody along with other "principal Guardists", such as Rodion Mantea and Trofim Colev. He was the only one released on December 16. As reported by 655:; this meant advocating for Bessarabian autonomy and language rights in the province, while expressing loyalty toward the Romanovs' "Russian statism". The outlook was shaped by Seraphim, whom historian Andrei Cușco depicts as "the first Moldovanist"; Seraphim himself "articulate the idea of the fundamental difference and even 897:. The activity also absorbed his son Nikolai, who was captured by the Romanians in March 1919 "while transporting his father's letters and anti-Romanian newspapers from Odessa". The same month, Chișinău's Tribunal issued a warrant for "the priest Ieremia Cecan, formerly of Chișinău, current address unknown". 1617:, and by intellectuals from all Romanian-speaking territories. In early 1994, Catholic theologian Eugen Pantea published an article which argued that Cecan had been correct in his activity as a church unionist. According to Pantea, the split between the revived, pro-Romanian, Metropolis of Bessarabia and a 1126:. In the mid 1920s, he had reconciled with the regionalist caucus, and was pushing for increased autonomy of the Metropolis (though he still disliked Gurie, and called his election a sample of "banditry" by the Romanian state officials); he returned to his old ecumenical goals, working closely with the 1608:

By September 1941, responding to praise of Cecan in the Greek-Catholic press, Orthodox scholar Grigorie T. Marcu argued that none of the quotes from Cecan showed that he asked for submission to the pope. According to Marcu, Cecan was spuriously reinvented as a Catholic martyr. In the Soviet Union, he

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In early April, Gurie Grosu ordered an investigation of Cecan's activity, with the latter "accused of having carried out an intense propaganda in favor of uniting the Romanian and Catholic churches. He is likewise suspected of having defended communism." Cecan had retired from priesthood by April 11,

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notes that Cecan was again defrocked, one final time, in 1935. According to Ploscaru, Cecan had by then also alienated his Catholic backers upon revelations about his past: "Our bishops sent one of our priests to Cecan's home, to learn about him. Once there, they discovered that the pro-unionist was

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in 1920. In March 1921, he published a pamphlet against Baltagă and other figures of the Metropolis, claiming that they were using their relative autonomy to embezzle church funds. He eventually returned to his Nișcani parish, and continued to involve himself in political and religious disputes. His

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founded some 29 electoral committees on Eparchy grounds. This led them into open conflict with Archbishop Seraphim, who had ordered his clergy not to interfere with politics. After signing their names to a letter of protest against Seraphim's "absolutism", Cecan and Baltagă were demoted and stripped

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Also then, Cecan explained that he was no longer an active priest, and was collecting his pension, wishing only to become a "free citizen". The PNȚ's relaxation of censorship laws convinced him that he could return to his work as a publicist, with backing from the Union of the Bessarabian Clergy.

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in October 1910, Cecan's paper was described as a "clerical gazette", whose Moldavian-only content was to "facilitate the learning of Russian by the Moldavians." It called Cecan (or "Ciocan") a "Russified Romanian priest". Criticized by Seraphim and by the conservative Russian press (the journals

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newspaper, such clemency "solidified the belief of Iron Guard members, namely that he had betrayed them." His case workers dismissed that claim, "while acknowledging that the defrocked priest had asked for forgiveness in respect to his action, and had given assurances that he would never again

1585:. On March 13, 1941, Kishinev Tribunal sentenced him to death as a "counterrevolutionary", citing Articles 54-11 and 54-13 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code. His execution was postponed while his activity as a Russophile was being reconsidered; some political figures intervened on his behalf with 1386:

In October, Cecan spoke at the PNSR Congress in Chișinău, alleging that Bessarabia was suffering under "the vampiresque exploitation of Judaism". Elected to the party's executive leadership structure on that occasion, Cecan also served as leader of the PNSR cell in Chișinău, alongside Vasile

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in Chișinău, he reportedly told publisher Averbukh that "he had never been an antisemite with all his heart". As noted by Șornikov, the Cecan dossier became unusually large; although agents working his case "were illiterate and negligent", the file offers a minute record of his beliefs and

1215:. During that interval, he lamented the decline of Orthodoxy, concluding that: "Our Church no longer wields any influence upon society, upon the institutions of the State, or upon the life of the nation. It neither enlightens nor warms the souls of the faithful." In rendering his verdict, 826:

monthly, because he "championed ethnic-Russian interests on the periphery of Russia and fought against the separatism of Moldavian elements". According to Șornikov, Cecan's overall activity at that stage shows him as a "defensist", or one who fully supported Russian victory against the

38: 386:, and hoping that Romanian loyalism would save his son from a Romanian prison, he returned to Bessarabia in 1920. During the subsequent two decades, he found himself at odds with the Bessarabian church hierarchs, especially after advocating the preservation of services in Russian and 1290:. According to Merloz: "the press was entirely Jewish and of a marked communist tendency, and so Father Jérémie Cecan's review, then his newspaper, also have roles in social defense and in the workers' and peasants' organization, as well as in the religious unification with Rome." 850:

stopped donating to propaganda outlets, including Cecan's and his newspapers, causing him to issue a note of protest. In April of that year, he attended the Kishinev Priests' Congress, which gave endorsement to the notion of an autonomous Bessarabia—organized in December as the

1601:. Cecan's fate was the subject of confusion in Romania: while some simply noted that he had gone missing, others acknowledged that "somewhere in Bessarabia, under a simple cross", he was "awaiting his resurrection". In August 1941, news of his killing were featured in 1098:, to keep a file on Cecan. Informants believed that he was de-legitimizing mainstream autonomists as a ruse, so that his own "subversive" movement of "Bolshevik tendencies" would gain exposure and popularity. Other reports focused on Cecan's interpretation of the " 1278:) and his calls on the Romanian state to afford more representation to, and protection of, the working classes; he claimed of the Romanian regime that it "outrages honest people who say despairingly: the Bolsheviks should get here sooner and put things in order." 1470:

as a seed of "union with Russia". He had by then moved with his family to a small house in Chișinău, where he reportedly lived in poverty and relative isolation, his son-in-law having died in early March 1935. He and Sergiu Florescu were irregularly publishing

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for propaganda work to contain the spread of communism in Bessarabia. However, he would not honor his agreement with Gurie Grosu, refusing to leave Chișinău for a countryside posting; described in official records as a "provocateur", he was swiftly

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over some money, and that all of Bessarabia detested him. As soon as this report came out, we put a stop on all propaganda." By 1936, he had sued the Union of the Bessarabian Clergy for 40 thousand lei, which he claimed as back pay for his work at

858: 855:. During its proceedings, he supported land reform and allotment for the clergy, arguing that such measures could result in material advancement for his class; the Congress endorsed his position, allowing priests to partake in agararian reforms. 1130:

and Monsignor Anton Gabor to set up a Christian institute in Bessarabia. He was also in touch with Nicolae Brînzeu, the Greek-Catholic priest, who regarded Cecan as a "most courageous" intellectual. His ideas on reunification were circulated by

1539:, he had to be evicted by police after "proving a scandal" during Halippa's address. At around the same time, his daughter Zinaida (or Zenaida) Vasu was engaged in a legal dispute with the Church over her late husband's house in 1562:, and had become an avid agriculturist. However, he had also been drawn into the Confraternity of Saint Benedict, an international ecumenist body founded by Serge Bolshakoff. By 1939, upon the resignation of Tikhon Lyashchenko, 2796:

Anton Rus, "Atitudinea anticomunistă a Bisericii Greco‐Catolice din România (1918–1948). De ce a fost desființată Biserica Greco‐Catolică din România la 1 decembrie 1948", in Cristian Barta, Anton Rus, Zaharie Pintea (eds.),

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and his advocacy of social improvement led to a public scandal and then to is demotion by church officials, and pushed Cecan into independent journalism. However, his sympathies remained with the conservative-antisemitic

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again attempted to raise the issue of multilingual publishing by the Union of the Bessarabian Clergy. The Greek-Catholic press also stood by Cecan when it came to his anti-Soviet politics: the official church magazine,

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by uniting Romanians "around the national Christian flag", "uproot the old, Jewified, rot of politicking". In September 1933, Cecan was also elected honorary president of the PNSR's Bessarabian branch. The same month,

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was chiefly remembered for his Nazism: in 1988, philosopher Alexandru Babii described Cecan as a "vivid example of the link between clerical anti-communism and German fascism". His fate was only revisited after the

1150:(PNȚ), Cecan attended the Bessarabian Agronomists' Congress, where he spoke about the need to increase productivity among the smallholders. At the Eparchy Assembly of October 1930, he voiced his distrust toward 944:, where Yaponchik was killed. One hostile report suggests that Cecan fled the battle; according to Șornikov, this cannot be accurate, as all deserters, including Yaponchik, had been massacred on the spot by the 1065:. At some point between 1920 and 1923, he adhered to the League of Bessarabian Christians, a political party created by Nicolae Negru, where the focus was on far-right antisemitism and Bessarabian regionalism. 1410:

repeat it." A month later, Cecan's son Alexander was himself arrested, charged with having embezzled Basarabia Bank, where he worked as a clerk. He was sentenced two a three-month jail term in January 1936.

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and Romania's other Russian-language newspapers, seen by him as enemies of the church. He had become publicly opposed to the PNȚ and all other mainstream groups, growing supportive of the anti-establishment

1479:, but in Romanian, as this was the only form allowed by the Romanian censors. The two men sought to evade censorship and, in June 1934, put out an issue entirely in Russian, immediately confiscated by the 1558:

in October of that year; it ruled that the labor court was in fact competent in the matter. The Catholic convert Teodosie Bonteanu, who visited Cecan in 1938, noted that he had stopped putting out

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As noted by Șornikov, Cecan became unusually "laconic" about his Ukrainian exile, and did not mention his service under Yaponchik. During his later life in Romania, he simply noted his activity at

561:. His activity doubled as a schoolteacher and catechist, allowing him to open the Nișcani parish school, after running a successful fundraiser in 1912; he then did the same for the communities of 787:. He was moderating his stances: although still representing the "right-wing section of the Eparchy", he opened up to former adversaries on the right and the left, together with whom he put out 1597:. On June 27, five days after the start of war, Cecan was secretly shot by the NKVD. Though some works suggest that this took place in Kishinev prison, NKVD files record his place of death as 1255:, and with contributions from the public, he intended to set up a daily newspaper. Reportedly, some 300 priests, or a third of the Bessarabian clergy, had signed up his pro-Catholic platform. 635:. Cecan "was co-opted into the union's leadership in 1907 and served as the official Bessarabian representative within the union's Main Board." Later, he put up some opposition to Archbishop 1391:

newspaper. Over the following years, the party broke apart; most Bessarabian Nazis joined up with the Iron Guard, the more successful fascist movement. In November 1933, shortly before the

1208: 920:(he was "urging the Russian soldiers to chase the Gypsies out of Bessarabia"). Though he was largely successful in organizing a detachment, he was placed under surveillance by the city's 889:(UNR) and bringing back with him works of anti-Romanian propaganda. Sensing himself threatened by the new regime, Cecan finally left Bessarabia for the UNR in November 1918. Settling in 893:(which remained his main residence to May 1920), he was first co-opted by the Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia, formed there by two Russian nationalist leaders, Krupensky and 771:Șornikov notes that, although in conflict with Seraphim and threatened to lose his income, Cecan was honored by the Russian authorities. Awards he received included medals marking the 3205: 1239:, where he responded to the attacks of an unnamed Orthodox journalist. In this piece, he announced that he and other supporters of the "world united church" met and prayed weekly at 1193:

be shut down after its first issue. That October, Cecan still addressed a meeting of the Bessarabian clergy in Russian, causing most of those present to leave the hall in protest.

1354:(PNSR). The merger of platforms began in August 1933, when Cecan and an associate, Major Rotaru, wrote a piece favoring a "Singular Nationalist Front" comprising the PNSR, the 643:. On the archbishop's orders, the Eparchy began putting out journals with increasingly Russified content, and also with shows of support for the monarchy. As seen by historian 3225: 3505: 1535:

of Chișinău both declined competence, since the complaint did not involve a regular salary. On June 11, 1937, Cecan attended the Eparchy Assembly meeting. As reported by

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without incident. The latter newspaper had become explicitly moderate in its political outlook. It hosted cartoons which mocked Hitler and the local fascists, including

3460: 656: 584:. He recommended himself as an early champion of the lower classes: "To the end of his days, he remained proud of the fact that he had achieved the dismissal of a 558: 3515: 3450: 1563: 3470: 983:(in exchange for Cecan's promise that he would stay out of Chișinău), but still returned to Bessarabia "essentially illegally", by rowing his boat across the 449:. Increasingly isolated during the final stages of his life, he focused on his work as an agricultural inventor. Cecan was captured by the Soviets during the 394:. Much of his work focused on attempts at dialogue and reunification between the Orthodox and the Catholics, sparking controversy among his colleagues in the 3510: 3405: 1574: 450: 1690: 691: 598:, as well as a speaker for the reunification of Orthodoxy and Catholicism. In his later articles on the subject, Cecan favored leniency toward the use of 3325: 3210: 3148: 1490:

was still partly in Russian, and, as Șornikov notes, took active measures which resulted in Cecan going out of the publishing business. He soon revived

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Simpozionul 'Centenarul unirii'. Educația in spiritul valorilor naționale din perspectiva dialogului pedagogic, Chișinău, Moldova, 28–30 noiembrie 2018

1084:. However, Cecan had lost confidence in autonomist projects, noting that they could only bring failure in the long run. He instead defended worship in 1006:

captors were merciful, "although they knew I was a monarchist." During or after the Bessarabian union, Cecan had married off his daughter Zinaida to a

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of Austria-Hungary. Noted for his excellent command of Russian, he was taken prisoner in Bessarabia during the world war, when he helped set up the

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and Russian Orthodoxy. He investigated ways of emancipating Romanian Orthodoxy from its Slavic counterparts, looking into the precedent set by the

975:. Though his son was still held by the Romanians in Chișinău prison, Cecan finally decided to emigrate into Romania and pledge himself to the new 3370: 3230: 2922: 1221:

saluted Cecan as an "earnest man and acute thinker". The letter to Bishop Roman also included a critique of atheism, which Cecan associated with

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was being republished under new management, and resorted to recounting his version of events in another newspaper he issued for a period, called

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for "Catholicizing" Bessarabia, but also noting that he had gained many followers. With assistance from his son-in-law Vasu, by then a former

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Andrei Cușco, "Russians, Romanians, or Neither? Mobilization of Ethnicity and 'National Indifference' in Early 20th-Century Bessarabia", in

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Cecan's pro-Catholic outlook, including his stance on papal infallibility, were openly criticized by conservative bishops—in particular, by

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Shortly ahead of the election itself, Cecan Sr signed his name as an "Iron Guard member" to a manifesto asking sympathizers to embrace the

882: 3495: 2216:, Issue 6, January 14/27, 1919, p. 1; Judit Pál, "Főispánok és prefektusok 1918−1919-ben. A közigazgatási átmenet kérdése Erdélyben", in 1618: 2042: 3177:

I. A. Zhdanova, "The 'Propaganda Age'. Information Management in Conditions of War and Revolution in Russia in March–October 1917", in

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was distinctly Russophilic in its non-Romanian content, and that it had called Halippa "Bessarabia's idiot". The discourse promoted by

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During World War I, Cecan enjoyed friendly contacts with the eparchy's officials, who allowed him to publish in the official bulletin,

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was also an openly antisemitic tribune, with editorials in which Cecan himself called for "destroying the Jewish press", referring to

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had begun some two months later, when he proceeded to recruit Bessarabians exiles to fight as partisans behind Romanian lines in the

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Alexandru Guțuleac, "Noi mucenici și mărturisitori pentru Hristos în primul an de ocupație sovietică a Basarabiei (1940–1941)", in

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Colesnic, pp. 370–372; Dumbrăveanu, pp. 11–12; Scutaru, p. 63. See also Danilov, p. 114; Șornikov, p. 144; Stratulat (2001), p. 154

3161:"Воссоединение Бессарабской епархии с Русской Православной Церковью в 1940 г.: духовенство, верующие и советское государство", in 2037:

Viorel Bolduma, "Contribuția bisericii ortodoxe la actul unirii Basarabiei cu România din 27 martie 1918", in Larisa Noroc (ed.),

257: 390:. Cecan founded a series of short-lived newspapers in Russian, most of which bridged the distance between the Romanians and the 3430: 3410: 3400: 3365: 3245: 3235: 2928: 2615:"Marele Congres Național-Socialist creștin al Basarabiei. Zeci de mii de conștiințe aclamă dreapta creștină a Basarabiei", in 1581:

swiftly arrested Cecan. His antisemitic articles and his PNSR membership were brought up against him by the government of the

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resistance, much more powerful in this respect than the Orthodox bishops. He expanded on such topics in the March 3 issue of

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in November 1918. For the following two years, he championed the cause of Russian Bessarabia, and came into contact with the

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were again moving away from Nazism. In his articles for the paper, Cecan decried the victories of fascism—from the rise of

689:] to fight against the increasing influence of Roumanian newspapers." Similarly, in a Bessarabian column published by 3445: 3295: 3290: 3275: 3270: 1622: 1555: 1303:, to ban Cecan's newspaper, noting that Cecan was the only signed owner—alongside a "committee of twelve". It noted that 905: 783:, where he opened a school, Cecan was finally able to resume his journalistic activity, founding, in 1914, the newspaper 219: 214: 590:

chief, who struck a peasant in the face." While active in his parishes, Cecan also furthered his studies in theology at

3415: 3340: 3300: 3285: 3265: 1590: 1351: 1211:. In his polemic with Bishop Roman, made public in early 1933, Cecan insisted that a unified church would naturally be 1015: 754:, to oversee the election and ensure that overt expressions of Romanian nationalism were being marginalized. Cecan and 715:, with Eugenia Cecan for its editor. Published from Nișcani, it drew contributions from Orthodox intellectuals such as 535: 426: 50: 1419: 1346:

correspondent as alluding to the mass murder of Jews. Styled "independent national-Christian" in its original format,

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that was well liked by the imperial authorities. During the latter stages of World War I, Cecan was a chaplain in the

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Biserica Greco-Catolică în perioada regimului comunist din România. Corespondența Episcopului Ioan Ploscaru 1968–1975

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Identitățile Chișinăului: Orașul interbelic. Materialele Conferinței Internaționale, Ediția a 5-a, 1–2 noiembrie 2018

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In early 1934, Cecan was collecting funds for a "truly Russian newspaper", specifically intended as a new edition of

1355: 780: 743: 1127: 971:("Tiraspol's Word"); he was reportedly active there in early 1920, during the brief episode of Bolshevik rule under 818:

was receiving secret funding from the Russian Interior Ministry. Cecan himself acknowledged that the government of

3380: 3375: 874: 363: 1092:. Such activities, and questions about his status during the Revolution, pushed the Romanian intelligence agency, 398:, but earning notoriety in Western circles. He maintained to his death the vision of a "world church" centered on 3335: 3220: 2628:"Conducătorii de organizații județene și Sectoriale din Basarabia ale partidului național socialist-creștin", in 1610: 1165:, he theorized that Romanian "politicking" and "demagoguery" were a threat exponentially greater than communism. 747: 595: 2214:

Gazeta Oficială Publicată de Consiliul Dirigent al Transilvaniei, Banatului și Ținuturilor Românești din Ungaria

719:. Despite being identified as anti-conservative dissenters, the Cecans generally took up the cause of far-right 566: 3330: 1392: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 886: 847: 3130:

Silvia Scutaru, "Aspecte privind presa bisericească în Basarabia la sfârșitul sec. XIX–începutul sec. XX", in

3350: 1396: 909: 852: 569:. He was by then married and had five children of his own: Lyudmila, Zinaida, Alexander, Nikolai, and Boris. 129: 1566:, Cecan became that group's president. In July of that year, Cecan announced his invention of an affordable 3455: 3255: 1467: 956: 555: 1181:, which intervened to have the Union sack Cecan from his editorial position. Cecan was upset to note that 924:, and twice arrested as a "counterrevolutionary". In mid 1919, Cecan was recruited by the Red Army in its 1371:

published his musings on "National and International Socialism". As read by Șornikov, it was primarily a

1147: 628: 348: 245: 147: 1551: 1085: 933: 772: 652: 438: 387: 161: 2394:"O întrunire cetățenească, sau mai ales creștinească, la Chișinău. — Dar leacul răului e aiurea!", in 2379:"Congresul agronomilor din Basarabia. Se cere ajutorarea urgentă a regiunilor bântuite de secetă", in 338:, earning his reputation as a Christian philanthropist and putting out the pioneering church magazine 3168:"Церковная политика Румынии и положение Православной Церкви в Бессарабии. 1918–1940 гг. Часть I", in 1455: 1335: 877:

in early 1918, claiming at the time that his former friend Baltagă had been corrupted into endorsing

631:(SRN, known locally as the "League of True Russians"), serving as a member of its executive board in 2665:"După dizolvarea 'Gărzii de fer'. Descinderi și arestări în Capitală și provincie. La Chișinău", in 1451: 799:(both 1915). The latter functioned as an appendage of the Church of the Nativity and its orphanage. 632: 3475: 1522:

a priest defrocked for his immoral lifestyle, that he was missing an eye, that he had wrestled the

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Cecan remained committed to Russian federalism; he was therefore vexed when the Moldavian Republic

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proved that local Romanians were being targeted by a "Slavic steamroller". On December 21, 2001,

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which purportedly doubled yields, and which he designed especially for "small rural households."

1240: 1011: 952: 739: 308: 1274:). The newspaper featured both his disdain toward Soviet policies (including his attacks on the 3124: 3065:

Presa și cenzura în Basarabia. Documentar (Secolul al XIX-lea – începutul secolului al XX-lea)

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Romanian lawyer, Octavian Vasu. In February 1914, Vasu held an executive's position inside the

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Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. V: Catalog alfabetic 1930–1935

1439:("The Secrets and Covert Agenda of Communism"), published at Chișinău during the early 1930s. 1339: 1023: 3250: 3215: 1140: 913: 410: 683:

was ever pro-Romanian in content: " came out with corresponding text in Roumanian [

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Constantin Băjenaru, "Făgărășenii și Primul război mondial. Memorie și istorie (II)", in

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Colesnic, p. 371; Danilov, p. 114; Serjant, pp. 324–325. See also Dumbrăveanu, pp. 11–12

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Cecan's status was improved by these political developments, seeing him ordained as a

490:. Both were located in the northern tip of the Bessarabia Governorate, Russia (now in 3107: 3068: 3047: 2853: 2802: 2732: 2533: 2529: 2086: 2046: 1854:

Colesnic, p. 371; Dumbrăveanu, p. 12; Serjant, p. 324. See also Șornikov, pp. 143–144

1459: 1252: 1019: 624: 491: 433:. When the party fell apart, Cecan attempted to resume his political career with the 391: 330:

priest and political figure. During the first part of his life, he was active in the

252: 1299:, the left-wing central daily, explicitly asked the authorities, including Minister 1286:

in particular as "leeches". The stance was praised by Irénée Merloz of the Romanian

542:, just outside Novoselitsa, before being assigned the central Bessarabian parish of 409:

In the 1920 and early '30s, Cecan became a perennial candidate in elections for the

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Capcanele ideologiei. Opțiuni politice ale etnicilor germani în România interbelică

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A. C., "In Basarabia ațâțările sunt în toi. Propagandă hitleristă și rusofilă", in

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expressed full support for the SRN, and in particular for the antisemitic agitator

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Ileana-Stanca Desa, Elena Ioana Mălușanu, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Iuliana Sulică,

1554:

in 1938. His case against the Union of the Bessarabian Clergy appeared before the

1586: 1423: 1212: 1099: 1089: 878: 728: 511: 487: 453:, then sentenced to death for his anti-communist past. He was ultimately shot in 2508:

Irénée Merloz, "Le mouvement d'union en Bessarabie. 300 prêtres ont adhéré", in

2155:"Litigiul dintre biserica ortodoxă și moștenirea dr. Oct. Vasu din Făgăraș", in 1540: 916:, "cross in hand", and using the racial trope conflating Romanians with nomadic 550:. In 1910 Cecan built a new local church, its inauguration attended by Governor 3039: 2871:"Jurisprudența Curții de Casație adusă in legiuirea muncii dela 1920—1940", in 2410:

Costin G. Sturdza, "Ultima oră. Viața politică. 'Vlad Țepeș' în Basarabia", in

1316: 1287: 1225:, claiming that they acted under a "unified command". Also according to Cecan, 960: 828: 399: 383: 335: 124: 90: 1053:

sold poorly and ended abruptly. By 1925–1926, he was putting out the magazine

3189: 2845: 1582: 1518: 1499: 917: 865:

recruitment poster, calling for the "liberation of Bessarabia". Published in

616: 527: 343: 110: 3032:

Nicolae Brînzeu, "Prot. Ieremia Cecan. Un martir al unirii bisericilor", in

1395:, Cecan and Sergiu Florescu were put up as the two Iron Guard candidates in 1331: 1230: 1226: 1040: 1039:. In October 1920, he asked Romanian authorities to grant him 500 thousand 1007: 941: 605: 475: 446: 442: 403: 114: 82: 20: 2479:"Glasul conștiinței drepte. Protoiereu ortodox pentru unirea cu Roma", in 1780:, "Scrisorĭ din Basarabia III. Liga 'adevăraților rușĭ' în Basarabia", in 1593:. However, his cause became indefensible in June 1941, with a coordinated 1546:

Though still affiliated with the Iron Guard, Cecan eventually defected to

1094: 834:

In 1934, Cecan claimed to have predicted the anti-Christian strife of the

810:, though this revival never actually took place. Pelivan notes that, like 3116: 2908:

Teodosie Bonteanu, "De vorbă cu un susținător al unirei bisericilor", in

1777: 1532: 1372: 1300: 1275: 1077: 1073: 1031: 1018:. During the subsequent creation of Greater Romania, he became the first 980: 676: 648: 240: 2381: 2106: 1782: 1338:". By 1933, he was calling for a Romanian Hitler, as well as a Romanian 1295: 775:(1912) and the 300th anniversary of the Romanovs (1913), as well as the 3006: 2767: 2597:

Colesnic, p. 372; Guțuleac, pp. 55–56. See also Dumbrăveanu, pp. 11, 13

2366: 1567: 1363: 1359: 1217: 1072:

and his propaganda brochures, Cecan took a strongly anti-communist and

1045: 937: 434: 414: 371: 319: 156: 1322:

Though turning to far-right antisemitism, Cecan had initially derided

1247:

complaining to Brînzeu that he was being formally investigated by the

734:

Reportedly, Father Ieremia was also co-opted by his former critics at

562: 547: 2982:

Guțuleac, p. 56; Șornikov, pp. 152–153; Stratulat (2001), pp. 154–155

2886: 2710: 2682: 2667: 2652: 2575: 2157: 1676:Șornikov, pp. 142–143. See also Colesnic, pp. 369–370; Scutaru, p. 66 1523: 1405: 1003: 967:, on the border with Bessarabia, and established there the newspaper 862: 662:

From December 18, 1909, Cecan and his wife Eugenia began putting out

543: 2955:Șornikov, p. 152. See also Guțuleac, p. 56; Stratulat (2001), p. 154 2884:"Adunarea eparhială a mitropoliei Basarabiei. Incepe scandalul", in 2573:"Un consiliu comunal care se sesizează într'o singură direcție", in 1506:. During mid-to-late 1935, Cecan issued pamphlets and an article in 2942: 1598: 1146:

In January 1929, days after executive power had been handed to the

984: 964: 901: 600: 539: 507: 499: 454: 375: 106: 1845:

Colesnic, pp. 371–372; Danilov, p. 114. See also Șornikov, p. 144

1139:. The latter newspaper also gave exposure to Cecan's take on the 668: 586: 495: 323: 134: 928:, and joined the Odessa riflemen commanded by a Jewish mobster, 37: 1323: 1103: 890: 866: 711:

closed down formally in August 1911 and reemerged instantly as

418: 367: 1935:

Colesnic, p. 372. See also Danilov, p. 128; Dumbrăveanu, p. 12

1350:

became identifiable as a tribune of an openly Nazi group, the

1143:, on which topic he did not "foresee insuperable difficulty". 580:, and also assigned him to an unpaid position at the Diocesan 945: 823: 1362:. This alliance, they argued, would follow the model of the 657:

antagonism between Moldovan and Romanian linguistic identity

2801:, p. 241. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2019. 1863:

Colesnic, pp. 369–371; Danilov, pp. 113–114; Scutaru, p. 63

1578: 1177:("Light"), his newspaper drew negative attention from the 738:, which was otherwise noted for its strong expressions of 441:. His final activities in the press evidenced his turn to 3206:

Ethnic Romanian politicians of the Bessarabia Governorate

2084:"Anunțuri judiciare. Tribunalul Chișinău, Secția II", in 1076:

position, describing communism as being intertwined with

685: 506:

remained in Romania, whereas the Moldavian sub-region of

378:, and was himself drafted in 1919, briefly serving under 188:

Priest, theologian, journalist, agriculturalist, inventor

3151:, "Иеремия Чекан, священник и общественный деятель", in 3121:

The Union of Bessarabia with Her Mother-country Roumania

3092:, Issue 5 (116), September–October 2011, pp. 54–64. 2995:, Vol. XXXI, Issues 9–10, September–October 1941, p. 465 2139: 2137: 2852:, p. 156. Bucharest: Editura Galaxia Gutenberg, 2013. 2300:

Stratulat (2001), p. 154 & (2012), pp. 12–13, 18–22

445:, condemnation of antisemitism, and admiration for the 2680:"In chestiunea deținerii membilor Gărzii de fier", in 2650:"Campania electorală. Candidații 'Gărzii de fer'", in 1399:; Cecan was also assigned the second list position in 766: 413:. In 1933, retired from active priesthood and finally 19:"Cecan" redirects here. For the Moldovan swimmer, see 3226:

Politicians of the National Socialist Party (Romania)

3058:

Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History

2134: 951:

A clampdown on Bolshevik activities began during the

313: 3506:

Eastern Orthodox people executed by the Soviet Union

3083:

Integrare prin Cercetare și Inovare. Științe Sociale

3077:

Andrei Dumbrăveanu, "O campanie socială pe paginile

1908:

Colesnic, p. 370; Dumbrăveanu, p. 12; Scutaru, p. 66

1379:, and reviewing Nazism as a political expression of 2875:, Vol. XXI, Issue III, August–December 1941, p. 616 963:. Fearing for his life, Cecan moved to the city of 576:appointed Cecan as its "spiritual investigator" in 518:("hammer"), which was approximated into Russian as 3466:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War 1311:became the topic of a larger controversy when the 3461:Russian Provisional Government military personnel 1262:Cecan published in Chișinău the Russian-language 1159:. In a letter he sent to the League's newspaper, 1102:": in September 1930, shortly after an attempted 152:Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia (1919) 3187: 1082:Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic 594:. He became a passionate reader and follower of 510:, just west of Novoselitsa, was administered by 3132:Studia Universitatis (Seria Științe Umanistice) 3060:, Vol. 20, Issue 1, Winter 2019, pp. 7–38. 2370:, Vol. 161, Issue 4850, April 22, 1933, pp. 1–2 538:(in 1889). He began his mission as a priest in 498:). His native area had been split from ancient 406:, which, in Cecan's opinion, were intertwined. 3516:People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm 3451:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class 429:, and put out its Russian-language newspaper, 2817:Colesnic, p. 372. See also Dumbrăveanu, p. 13 2799:România 100. Biserica, Statul și Binele Comun 2186:"Pacea româno–maghiară — s'a zădărnicit", in 1667:Colesnic, p. 369. See also Dumbrăveanu, p. 11 1625:overturned the Soviet verdict against Cecan. 1437:Tainele și scopurile ascunse ale comunismului 425:. He served for as regional president of the 3511:Moldovan people executed by the Soviet Union 3406:Agriculturalists from Bessarabia Governorate 3141:— mediu purtător de reclamă (1867—1917), in 2991:Grigorie T. Marcu, "Note și informații", in 2931:, February 9, 2013; retrieved March 31, 2016 2867: 2865: 2771:, Vol. 163, Issue 4909, June 9, 1934, p. 740 2750:"Rome Reunion Urged by Orthodox Priest", in 2560:"În jurul 'Frontului Naționalist Unic'", in 2504: 2502: 2011: 2009: 1413: 883:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia 881:. As reported by Șornikov, Cecan defied the 366:from a conservative position, Cecan fled to 16:Romanian journalist and priest (1867 – 1941) 2406: 2404: 2151: 2149: 1575:Bessarabia was occupied by the Soviet Union 1510:, calling antisemites "sick" and defending 763:put out its last issue on August 23, 1912. 154:League of Bessarabian Christians (ca. 1922) 3326:Newspaper founders from the Russian Empire 3211:Members of the Union of the Russian People 3019:Guțuleac, p. 56. See also Șornikov, p. 153 3004:V.M.N., "Tăvălugul slav in Basarabia", in 2964:Șornikov, p. 152; Stratulat (2001), p. 154 2940:"O folositoare invenție a unui preot", in 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2746: 2744: 2520: 2518: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2127: 2125: 2071: 2069: 2067: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1595:German–Romanian attack on the Soviet Union 3471:Soviet people of the Ukrainian–Soviet War 3321:Newspaper editors from the Russian Empire 3316:Magazine founders from the Russian Empire 3181:, Vol. 57, Issue 1, 2018, pp. 54–84. 3046:. Chișinău: B. P. Hașdeu Library, 2014. 2862: 2556: 2554: 2499: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2452:Șornikov, p. 152; Stratulat (2012), p. 20 2443:Șornikov, p. 151; Stratulat (2012), p. 20 2434:Șornikov, p. 151; Stratulat (2012), p. 19 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2006: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1684: 1682: 979:. He obtained approval from Metropolitan 421:, which he considered a manifestation of 3356:Eastern Orthodoxy and far-right politics 3311:Magazine editors from the Russian Empire 2731:, p. 238. Chișinău: Editura ARC, 2020. 2401: 2398:, Vol. IX, Issue 44, November 1930, p. 1 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2146: 2043:Ion Creangă State Pedagogical University 1640:Full name as rendered in Guțuleac, p. 55 1135:papers in the West, including, in 1924, 857: 514:. Ieremia Teodor's original surname was 469: 3386:Philanthropists from the Russian Empire 3165:, Issue 3 (28), 2001, pp. 144–159. 2924:Serge N. Bolshakoff – Russian Ecumenist 2774: 2756:, Vol. XXXVII, Issue 4, June 1934, p. 9 2741: 2515: 2344: 2342: 2330: 2312: 2253: 2239: 2164: 2122: 2064: 1992: 1825: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1734: 1517:A 1968 letter by Greek-Catholic bishop 1483:; in October, agents reported that the 1002:; the priest always mentioned that his 3371:Schoolteachers from the Russian Empire 3231:National Renaissance Front politicians 3188: 3134:, Issue 10 (30), 2009, pp. 61–67. 2551: 2455: 2396:Lumina Satelor Contopită cu Libertatea 2351: 2093: 1720: 1706: 1679: 1375:piece, calling for an overhaul toward 1196: 955:, with the area now controlled by the 912:. A late report notes his presence in 744:legislative election of September 1912 474:Cecan was born among the Romanians of 318:; May 31, 1867 – June 27, 1941) was a 3095:Iosif E. Naghiu, "Ieremia Cecan", in 2223: 990: 959:—and, as such, by the anti-communist 846:as a chaplain. In the aftermath, the 522:, then mutated back into Romanian as 382:. Threatened with retaliation by the 3106:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, 2015. 2973:Colesnic, p. 372; Dumbrăveanu, p. 13 2695:"Ultima oră. Fraude la o bancă", in 2339: 1748: 808:Kishinyovskie Eparhial'nye Vedomosti 804:Kishinyovskie Eparhial'nye Vedomosti 752:Russian Minister of Internal Affairs 3441:Romanian people of Moldovan descent 3361:Catholic–Eastern Orthodox ecumenism 3172:, Issue 4 (1), 2012, pp. 4–24. 3170:Trudy. Nauchno-bogoslovskiy Zhurnal 2015:"Rozhled náboženský. Rumunsko", in 1112:parliamentary elections of May 1926 906:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 773:annexation of Bessarabia centennial 767:World War I and revolutionary exile 220:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 13: 3496:Prisoners and detainees of Romania 3139:Kišinevskie Eparhial'nye Vedomosti 2220:, Vol. 152, Issue 6, 2018, p. 1191 1944:Colesnic, p. 372; Șornikov, p. 145 1623:Moldova's Supreme Court of Justice 1494:, and, in 1935, managed to reopen 1393:parliamentary election of December 1276:Romanian–Soviet friendship society 1016:Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia 900:Cecan Sr's collaboration with the 885:by making frequent trips into the 619:and displayed his support for the 63:September – December 1933 14: 3532: 3155:, Issue 1/2010, pp. 142–153. 3145:, Issue 2/2014, pp. 323–337. 1688:Ion Muscalu, "Din Basarabia", in 1658:Guțuleac, p. 55; Șornikov, p. 142 1356:National-Christian Defense League 1352:Romanian National Socialist Party 427:Romanian National Socialist Party 51:Romanian National Socialist Party 3346:Russian Eastern Orthodox priests 3085:, November 2017, pp. 10–13. 3079:Buletinului Eparhiei de Chișinău 3013: 2998: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2949: 2934: 2915: 2902: 2893: 2470:, Issues 11–12/1933, pp. 122–124 1649:Colesnic, p. 369; Scutaru, p. 66 1613:, by the authorities of the new 1110:Cecan unsuccessfully ran in the 364:union of Bessarabia with Romania 351:, developing into a critique of 213: 202: 36: 3501:Romanian people of World War II 3481:Moldovan expatriates in Ukraine 3421:20th-century Romanian inventors 2878: 2839: 2820: 2811: 2790: 2759: 2727:, Alexandru Corduneanu (eds.), 2717: 2702: 2689: 2674: 2659: 2644: 2635: 2622: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2567: 2542: 2486: 2473: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2388: 2373: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2276: 2267: 2206: 2193: 2180: 2113: 2078: 2055: 2031: 2022: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1938: 1929: 1920: 1911: 1902: 1893: 1884: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1848: 1839: 1816: 1807: 1798: 1789: 1771: 1762: 1611:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1420:National Liberal Party-Brătianu 1258:Between May and November 1933, 1061:), which was a continuation of 781:Kishinev Church of the Nativity 779:, 3rd class. Reassigned to the 3099:, Issue 19/1944, pp. 2–4. 3081:în primul război mondial", in 3036:, Issue 36/1941, pp. 2–3. 2045:& Garomont Studio, 2018. 1697: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1634: 1475:—with the exact same title as 848:Russian Provisional Government 574:Eparchy of Kishinev and Khotin 1: 3431:People from Chernivtsi Oblast 3411:20th-century Romanian farmers 3401:Romanian temperance activists 3366:People in Christian ecumenism 3246:Romanian Christian socialists 3236:Romanian political candidates 3025: 1619:Russian Metropolis of Moldova 1468:Romanian–Soviet rapprochement 1088:or Russian, against official 853:Moldavian Democratic Republic 838:as early as 1909. During the 608:and accepted the doctrine of 451:1940 occupation of Bessarabia 3521:Deaths by firearm in Moldova 957:Armed Forces of South Russia 932:. He saw action against the 647:, Cecan was an exponent of " 627:—by 1906, he had joined the 464: 7: 3491:Fugitives wanted by Romania 3486:Soviet emigrants to Romania 3436:Executed Iron Guard members 3426:People from Khotinsky Uyezd 3306:Moldovan newspaper founders 3281:Romanian newspaper founders 3067:. Chișinău: Pontos, 2012. 3044:Chișinăul din inima noastră 1462:and the establishment of a 887:Ukrainian People's Republic 675:As a Romanian nationalist, 639:, who opposed all forms of 629:Union of the Russian People 349:Union of the Russian People 314: 148:Union of the Russian People 10: 3537: 3446:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumni 3296:Moldovan newspaper editors 3291:Moldovan magazine founders 3276:Romanian newspaper editors 3271:Romanian magazine founders 3179:Russian Studies in History 2466:"Mișcarea spre Unire", in 1953:Dumbrăveanu, pp. 10–11, 12 1552:National Renaissance Front 1128:Catholic Bishopric of Iași 653:Russian Revolution of 1905 615:Officially, Cecan favored 439:National Renaissance Front 180:Octavian Vasu (son-in-law) 162:National Renaissance Front 18: 3416:Romanian agriculturalists 3341:Romanian Orthodox priests 3301:Romanian male journalists 3286:Moldovan magazine editors 3266:Romanian magazine editors 2714:, January 23, 1936, p. 11 2708:"Chișinăul judiciar", in 2686:, December 19, 1933, p. 3 2671:, December 13, 1933, p. 9 2656:, November 24, 1933, p. 7 2416:, September 5, 1930, p. 4 2201:Acta Terrae Fogorasiensis 1786:, December 31, 1906, p. 1 1694:, Issue 120/1910, p. 1914 1564:Orthodox Bishop of Berlin 1454:and the assassination of 1414:Final years and execution 742:. In preparation for the 526:. He went on to study in 315:Yeremya Fedorovich Chekan 303: 273: 233: 225: 197: 192: 184: 176: 168: 141: 120: 96: 76: 71: 67: 56: 48: 44: 35: 28: 3396:Romanian philanthropists 3391:Moldovan philanthropists 3261:Russian-language writers 3241:Moldovan anti-communists 2848:(editor: Sergiu Soica), 2699:, January 18, 1934, p. 4 2512:, November 4, 1933, p. 1 2483:, Issue 12/1933, pp. 2–3 2385:, January 15, 1929, p. 3 2203:, Vol. III, 2014, p. 172 1628: 1466:; he also applauded the 1435:, welcomed Cecan's book 1422:. In April 1934, during 1387:Leidenius, publisher of 1326:: in a 1930 article for 1148:National Peasants' Party 1037:Romanian Orthodox Church 977:Metropolis of Bessarabia 746:, he was called upon by 396:Romanian Orthodox Church 3381:Romanian schoolteachers 3376:Moldovan schoolteachers 3137:Vera Serjant, "Revista 2753:The Catholic Transcript 2282:Stratulat (2012), p. 17 2161:, August 4, 1935, p. 10 2041:, pp. 34–35. Chișinău: 2019:, Vol. LI, 1934, p. 177 1012:Romanian National Party 934:Ukrainian People's Army 740:anti-Romanian sentiment 374:. He recruited for the 304:Иеремия Федорович Чекан 49:Regional leader of the 3336:Romanian propagandists 3221:Bessarabian Bolsheviks 3163:Khristianskoye Chtenye 3010:, March 14, 1994, p. 6 2890:, June 14, 1937, p. 12 2579:, August 3, 1933, p. 4 2090:, Issue 5/1919, p. 256 1890:Dumbrăveanu, pp. 11–12 1703:Șornikov, pp. 143, 144 1504:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 1456:Alexander Karađorđević 1446:. At the time, he and 870: 559:Alexander N. Krupensky 546:, then transferred to 486:) or Beleuța village, 332:Bessarabia Governorate 87:Bessarabia Governorate 3331:Russian propagandists 2946:, July 21, 1939, p. 7 2912:, Issue 44/1938, p. 2 2836:, Issue 21/1935, p. 2 2606:Șornikov, pp. 149–150 2528:, p. 442. Bucharest: 2496:, April 4, 1933, p. 2 2425:Șornikov, pp. 150–151 2364:"News and Notes", in 2309:Șornikov, pp. 148–149 2190:, Issue 16/1914, p. 2 2143:Șornikov, pp. 147–148 2119:Șornikov, pp. 146–147 2110:, June 29, 1933, p. 3 2061:Șornikov, pp. 145–146 1926:Șornikov, pp. 144–145 1813:Șornikov, pp. 143–144 1492:Khristianskaya Pobeda 1342:—appeals read by the 1328:Khristianskaya Pobeda 1309:Khristianskaya Pobeda 1272:Khristiansky Telegraf 1187:Khristianskaya Pobeda 1141:Immaculate Conception 861: 822:was paying him 1,200 793:Bessarabaskaya Pochta 470:In the Russian Empire 411:Parliament of Romania 226:Years of service 3351:Romanian theologians 2833:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2632:, Issue 9/1933, p. 2 2619:, Issue 9/1933, p. 2 2564:, Issue 7/1933, p. 1 1330:, he had disparaged 1268:Bessarabsky Telegraf 936:, including outside 926:clashes with the UNR 842:, he had joined the 649:Moldavian patriotism 641:Romanian nationalism 582:Temperance Committee 536:Theological Seminary 459:retreat of June 1941 353:Romanian nationalism 342:. His opposition to 328:Bessarabian Orthodox 280:Ieremia Teodor Cecan 263:Soviet–Ukrainian War 30:Ieremia Teodor Cecan 3456:Christian chaplains 3256:Romanian columnists 2828:Gazeta Voluntarilor 2492:"Informațiuni", in 2028:Zhdanova, pp. 57–58 1615:Republic of Moldova 1573:In late June 1940, 1512:Jewish assimilation 1464:Reich Labor Service 1433:Cuvântul Adevărului 1381:Christian socialism 1000:Tiraspol'skoe Slovo 969:Tiraspol'skoe Slovo 910:Ukrainian civil war 895:Alexandr K. Schmidt 875:united with Romania 840:February Revolution 836:Revolutions of 1917 777:Order of Saint Anna 759:of their parishes. 721:Russian nationalism 610:papal infallibility 556:Marshal of Nobility 534:), training at the 423:Christian socialism 417:, he veered toward 2336:Dumbrăveanu, p. 13 1962:Dumbrăveanu, p. 12 1804:Scutaru, pp. 62–63 1556:Court of Cassation 1531:. The regular and 1477:Nashe Obyedineniye 1444:Nashe Obyedineniye 1334:by calling him a " 1253:Senator of Romania 1241:Chișinău City Hall 1229:was the herald of 922:Special Department 871: 709:Nashe Obyedineniye 698:Besarabskaya Zhizn 681:Nashe Obyedineniye 664:Nashe Obyedineniye 637:Seraphim Chichagov 340:Nashe Obyedineniye 3158:N. V. Stratulat, 3125:Cartea Românească 3112:978-606-543-631-2 3073:978-9975-51-143-8 3052:978-9975-120-17-3 2993:Revista Teologică 2858:978-973-141-511-6 2807:978-606-37-0683-7 2737:978-9975-0-0338-4 2641:Panu, pp. 188–189 2538:978-973-27-1828-5 2530:Editura Academiei 2087:Monitorul Oficial 2051:978-9975-134-61-3 1460:German rearmament 1364:German Nazi Party 1313:Mayor of Chișinău 1157:Vlad Țepeș League 869:in or around 1919 756:Alexandru Baltagă 748:Alexander Makarov 625:Tsarist autocracy 596:Vladimir Solovyov 492:Chernivtsi Oblast 312: 294:, last name also 282:(first name also 277: 276: 253:Russian Civil War 3528: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3002: 2996: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2947: 2938: 2932: 2919: 2913: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2882: 2876: 2873:Buletinul Muncii 2869: 2860: 2843: 2837: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2809: 2794: 2788: 2787:Șornikov, p. 152 2785: 2772: 2763: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2721: 2715: 2706: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2678: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2626: 2620: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2571: 2565: 2558: 2549: 2548:Colesnic, p. 371 2546: 2540: 2522: 2513: 2506: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2477: 2471: 2468:Curierul Creștin 2464: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2392: 2386: 2377: 2371: 2362: 2349: 2346: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327:Șornikov, p. 150 2325: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2264:Șornikov, p. 149 2262: 2251: 2250:Șornikov, p. 148 2248: 2237: 2236:Colesnic, p. 372 2234: 2221: 2212:Introduction to 2210: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2162: 2153: 2144: 2141: 2132: 2131:Șornikov, p. 147 2129: 2120: 2117: 2111: 2102: 2091: 2082: 2076: 2075:Șornikov, p. 146 2073: 2062: 2059: 2053: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2013: 2004: 2003:Șornikov, p. 145 2001: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1945: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1917:Colesnic, p. 370 1915: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1823: 1822:Cușco, pp. 17–18 1820: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1746: 1745:Șornikov, p. 144 1743: 1732: 1731:Șornikov, p. 143 1729: 1718: 1717:Șornikov, p. 142 1715: 1704: 1701: 1695: 1686: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1641: 1638: 1452:Japanese statism 1377:social ownership 1284:Bessarabian Jews 1236:Viața Basarabiei 1213:led by the popes 1206:Roman Ciorogariu 1133:liberal Catholic 973:Grigory Kotovsky 953:Odessa Operation 930:Mishka Yaponchik 723:. In its pages, 701: 621:House of Romanov 504:Western Moldavia 380:Mishka Yaponchik 317: 307: 305: 218: 217: 209:Russian Republic 207: 206: 193:Military service 103: 72:Personal details 61: 40: 26: 25: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3476:Moldovan exiles 3186: 3185: 3184: 3102:Mihai A. Panu, 3063:Maria Danilov, 3028: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3003: 2999: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2939: 2935: 2921:Nicolas Mabin, 2920: 2916: 2907: 2903: 2899:Guțuleac, p. 56 2898: 2894: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2863: 2844: 2840: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2775: 2765:"Roumania", in 2764: 2760: 2749: 2742: 2725:Sergiu Musteață 2722: 2718: 2707: 2703: 2694: 2690: 2679: 2675: 2664: 2660: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2572: 2568: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2523: 2516: 2507: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2478: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2409: 2402: 2393: 2389: 2378: 2374: 2363: 2352: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273:Danilov, p. 114 2272: 2268: 2263: 2254: 2249: 2240: 2235: 2224: 2211: 2207: 2198: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2165: 2154: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2103: 2094: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2007: 2002: 1993: 1989:Zhdanova, p. 58 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1971:Serjant, p. 325 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1836:Serjant, p. 324 1835: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1776: 1772: 1768:Naghiu, pp. 2–4 1767: 1763: 1758: 1749: 1744: 1735: 1730: 1721: 1716: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1691:Neamul Românesc 1687: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1587:Lavrentiy Beria 1424:Orthodox Easter 1416: 1202: 1173:("The Ray") or 1100:Jewish Question 1090:Romanianization 996: 879:Greater Romania 820:Prince Golitsyn 769: 729:Pavel Krushevan 699: 692:Neamul Românesc 512:Austria-Hungary 472: 467: 269: 212: 211: 201: 160: 155: 153: 151: 143: 142:Other political 133: 128: 105: 101: 81: 62: 57: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3534: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3166: 3156: 3149:Piotr Șornikov 3146: 3135: 3128: 3114: 3100: 3093: 3086: 3075: 3061: 3054: 3040:Iurie Colesnic 3037: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3012: 2997: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2933: 2914: 2901: 2892: 2877: 2861: 2838: 2819: 2810: 2789: 2773: 2758: 2740: 2716: 2701: 2688: 2673: 2658: 2643: 2634: 2621: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2566: 2550: 2541: 2514: 2498: 2485: 2472: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2427: 2418: 2400: 2387: 2372: 2350: 2338: 2329: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2284: 2275: 2266: 2252: 2238: 2222: 2205: 2192: 2179: 2163: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2112: 2092: 2077: 2063: 2054: 2030: 2021: 2005: 1991: 1982: 1980:Pelivan, p. 11 1973: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1919: 1910: 1901: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1872:Pelivan, p. 10 1865: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1824: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1788: 1770: 1761: 1747: 1733: 1719: 1705: 1696: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1591:Deputy Premier 1560:Unirea Noastră 1508:Unirea Noastră 1496:Unirea Noastră 1485:Unirea Noastră 1473:Unirea Noastră 1428:Pavel Guciujna 1415: 1412: 1397:Lăpușna County 1336:German painter 1317:Dimitrie Bogos 1293:In June 1933, 1288:Assumptionists 1249:Romanian Synod 1201: 1195: 1107:affiliations. 1024:Făgăraș County 995: 989: 961:White movement 914:Odessa station 829:Central Powers 768: 765: 645:Piotr Șornikov 471: 468: 466: 463: 400:anti-communism 384:White movement 336:Russian Empire 275: 274: 271: 270: 268: 267: 266: 265: 260: 258:Southern Front 250: 249: 248: 237: 235: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 199: 195: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 145: 139: 138: 122: 118: 117: 104:(aged 74) 98: 94: 93: 91:Russian Empire 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 64: 54: 53: 46: 45: 42: 41: 33: 32: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3533: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3123:. Bucharest: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3016: 3009: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2945: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2929:ROCOR Studies 2926: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2905: 2896: 2889: 2888: 2881: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846:Ioan Ploscaru 2842: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2823: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2770: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2754: 2747: 2745: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2723:Facsimile in 2720: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2698: 2692: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2654: 2647: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2618: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2557: 2555: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2511: 2505: 2503: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2405: 2397: 2391: 2384: 2383: 2376: 2369: 2368: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2333: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2306: 2297: 2291:Brînzeu, p. 3 2288: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2202: 2196: 2189: 2183: 2177:Brînzeu, p. 2 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2160: 2159: 2152: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2116: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2088: 2081: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2058: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2025: 2018: 2012: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1986: 1977: 1968: 1959: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1914: 1905: 1896: 1887: 1878: 1869: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1792: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1700: 1693: 1692: 1685: 1683: 1673: 1664: 1655: 1646: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583:Moldavian SSR 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1519:Ioan Ploscaru 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500:Octavian Goga 1497: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:December 1928 1117: 1113: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008:Transylvanian 1005: 1001: 994:and ecumenism 993: 988: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 868: 864: 860: 856: 854: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 798: 794: 791:(1914), then 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 764: 762: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717:Andrei Murafa 714: 710: 706: 702: 694: 693: 688: 687: 682: 678: 673: 671: 670: 665: 660: 658: 654: 651:" during the 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 617:Russification 613: 611: 607: 603: 602: 597: 593: 589: 588: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 560: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392:White émigrés 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 362:Opposing the 360: 358: 354: 350: 345: 344:Russification 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 310: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 272: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 254: 251: 247: 246:Eastern Front 244: 243: 242: 239: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 216: 210: 205: 200: 196: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 172:Eugenia Cecan 171: 167: 163: 158: 149: 146: 140: 136: 131: 126: 123: 119: 116: 112: 111:Moldavian SSR 108: 100:June 27, 1941 99: 95: 92: 88: 84: 79: 75: 70: 66: 60: 55: 52: 47: 43: 39: 34: 27: 22: 3251:Anti-Masonry 3216:Moldovenists 3178: 3169: 3162: 3153:Russkoe Pole 3152: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3120: 3103: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3078: 3064: 3057: 3043: 3033: 3015: 3005: 3000: 2992: 2987: 2978: 2969: 2960: 2951: 2941: 2936: 2923: 2917: 2909: 2904: 2895: 2885: 2880: 2872: 2849: 2841: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2813: 2798: 2792: 2766: 2761: 2751: 2728: 2719: 2709: 2704: 2696: 2691: 2681: 2676: 2666: 2661: 2651: 2646: 2637: 2629: 2624: 2616: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2588:Panu, p. 189 2584: 2574: 2569: 2561: 2544: 2525: 2509: 2493: 2488: 2480: 2475: 2467: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2411: 2395: 2390: 2380: 2375: 2365: 2348:Naghiu, p. 3 2332: 2305: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2200: 2195: 2187: 2182: 2156: 2115: 2105: 2085: 2080: 2057: 2038: 2033: 2024: 2016: 1985: 1976: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1895: 1886: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1850: 1841: 1818: 1809: 1800: 1795:Cușco, p. 21 1791: 1781: 1773: 1764: 1759:Naghiu, p. 2 1699: 1689: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1645: 1636: 1607: 1602: 1572: 1559: 1545: 1536: 1533:labor courts 1528: 1516: 1507: 1495: 1491: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1417: 1404: 1401:Orhei County 1388: 1385: 1368: 1347: 1343: 1332:Adolf Hitler 1327: 1321: 1308: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1279: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1245: 1234: 1231:anti-Masonry 1227:Pope Pius XI 1216: 1203: 1197: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1160: 1151: 1145: 1136: 1109: 1093: 1069: 1067: 1063:Obyedineniye 1062: 1058: 1054: 1051:Obyedineniye 1050: 1030: 1028: 999: 997: 991: 968: 950: 942:Southern Bug 899: 872: 844:Russian Army 833: 815: 811: 807: 803: 801: 796: 792: 788: 784: 770: 761:Obyedineniye 760: 735: 733: 725:Obyedineniye 724: 713:Obyedineniye 712: 708: 704: 697: 690: 684: 680: 679:doubts that 674: 667: 663: 661: 614: 606:Nicene Creed 599: 592:Kiev Academy 585: 578:Orhei County 571: 552:Ivan Kankrin 531: 523: 519: 515: 488:Hotin County 484:Novoselytsia 483: 479: 473: 447:Soviet Union 443:anti-fascism 430: 408: 404:anti-Masonry 361: 357:Russian Army 339: 326:journalist, 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 278: 234:Battles/wars 144:affiliations 137:(after 1921) 115:Soviet Union 102:(1941-06-27) 85:or Beleuța, 80:May 31, 1867 58: 21:Andrei Cecan 3201:1941 deaths 3196:1867 births 3117:Ion Pelivan 3090:Luminătorul 1778:Alexis Nour 1589:, the then- 1389:Voskresenie 1373:center-left 1301:Pan Halippa 1260:Protoiereus 1078:Pan-Slavism 1074:anti-Soviet 1049:reissue of 1032:Protoiereus 981:Gurie Grosu 785:Bessarabets 677:Ion Pelivan 480:Noua Suliță 476:Novoselitsa 457:during the 320:Bessarabian 241:World War I 150:(1906–1912) 121:Nationality 83:Novoselitsa 3190:Categories 3026:References 3007:Cotidianul 2768:The Tablet 2367:The Tablet 1577:, and the 1568:seed drill 1360:Iron Guard 1358:, and the 1340:Torquemada 1218:The Tablet 1200:and Nazism 1152:Nasha Rech 1059:Yedineniye 938:Voznesensk 816:Bessarabya 789:Bessarabya 435:Iron Guard 372:Bolsheviks 198:Allegiance 185:Profession 164:(ca. 1938) 159:(ca. 1933) 157:Iron Guard 3143:Tyragetia 2887:Universul 2711:Universul 2683:Universul 2668:Universul 2653:Universul 2576:Universul 2532:, 2009. 2158:Universul 1603:Universul 1537:Universul 1524:sacristan 1488:nameplate 1481:Siguranța 1406:Universul 1209:of Oradea 1179:Siguranța 1124:July 1932 1116:June 1927 1095:Siguranța 1046:defrocked 1004:Bolshevik 863:Bolshevik 797:Nash Dolg 672:agents. 465:Biography 415:defrocked 309:romanized 229:1917–1919 177:Relations 130:Moldavian 127:(to 1917) 59:In office 2943:Curentul 2630:Crez Nou 2617:Crez Nou 2562:Crez Nou 2510:La Croix 2382:Adevărul 2218:Századok 2107:Adevărul 1783:Adevărul 1599:Tiraspol 1548:Carol II 1448:Telegraf 1369:Telegraf 1348:Telegraf 1344:Adevărul 1305:Telegraf 1296:Adevărul 1280:Telegraf 1264:Telegraf 1198:Telegraf 1086:Slavonic 1068:In both 985:Dniester 965:Tiraspol 918:Romanies 904:and the 902:Red Army 633:Călărași 601:Filioque 567:Păulești 540:Kotylevo 532:Chișinău 528:Kishinev 508:Bukovina 500:Moldavia 455:Tiraspol 437:and the 431:Telegraf 388:Slavonic 376:Red Army 324:Romanian 135:Romanian 107:Tiraspol 3127:, 1920. 1541:Făgăraș 1223:Masonry 1169:Called 1137:La Paix 1035:of the 1020:Prefect 940:on the 669:Okhrana 604:in the 587:zemstvo 563:Răciula 548:Nișcani 544:Roșcani 496:Ukraine 334:of the 311:: 300:Russian 284:Jeremia 125:Russian 3110: 3097:Unirea 3071: 3050: 3034:Unirea 2910:Unirea 2856: 2830:", in 2805: 2735: 2697:Opinia 2536: 2494:Opinia 2481:Unirea 2188:Unirea 2049: 2017:Hlídka 1324:Nazism 1266:(also 1122:, and 1104:pogrom 1070:Unirea 1055:Unirea 891:Odessa 867:Odessa 824:rubles 750:, the 520:Chekan 516:Ciocan 419:Nazism 368:Odessa 322:-born 296:Ciocan 292:Irimia 288:Eremia 169:Spouse 132:(1918) 2826:"Din 2413:Epoca 1629:Notes 1458:, to 1162:Epoca 946:Cheka 700:' 524:Cecan 3108:ISBN 3069:ISBN 3048:ISBN 2854:ISBN 2803:ISBN 2733:ISBN 2534:ISBN 2047:ISBN 1579:NKVD 1529:Raza 1502:and 1191:Raza 1183:Raza 1175:Svet 1171:Raza 1057:(or 992:Raza 812:Drug 795:and 736:Drug 705:Drug 703:and 623:and 572:The 565:and 554:and 402:and 97:Died 77:Born 1605:. 1550:'s 1270:or 1041:lei 1022:of 707:), 686:sic 659:". 482:or 290:or 3192:: 3119:, 3042:, 2927:, 2864:^ 2776:^ 2743:^ 2553:^ 2517:^ 2501:^ 2457:^ 2403:^ 2353:^ 2341:^ 2314:^ 2255:^ 2241:^ 2225:^ 2166:^ 2148:^ 2136:^ 2124:^ 2095:^ 2066:^ 2008:^ 1994:^ 1827:^ 1750:^ 1736:^ 1722:^ 1708:^ 1681:^ 1543:. 1514:. 1383:. 1315:, 1243:. 1118:, 1114:, 1026:. 987:. 948:. 831:. 814:, 731:. 612:. 502:; 494:, 461:. 359:. 306:, 302:: 298:; 286:, 113:, 109:, 89:, 530:( 478:( 23:.

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