3601:
the entry to the paradise. Nasr states that as equilibrium, both outward and inward, is the prerequisite for the spiritual flight, all
Muslims should carry out Jihad against any outward and inward forces to maintain equilibrium. The outward Jihad is related to the defense of the Muslim world against non-Islamic forces. It also includes the defense of one's honor, family and rights and establishing justice in the whole environment. But this lesser jihad should be completed by a greater Jihad which is war against all forces that are against the nobility of the human. He adds that from the spiritual point of view all the pillars of Islam like Shahadah, prayer ... are the weapons for the practice of this inner Jihad. So inner Jihad is the path for the realization of the One who is the ultimate message of the Islam. This inner Jihad continues until every breath of man echoes that reality who is the origin of every thing and all things return to him. Nasr adds that every religious deed is Jihad because it is a striving between one's passionate soul(nafs) and the demands of the immortal spirit. Islam sees Jihad as a care against every thing which distracts one from God. Shia believe that Jihad as defense is legitimate not as aggression. The Jihad can not be done against the innocent and the enemy should be treated with Justice and kindness and Jihad should be carried out on the basis of truth not on the basis of anger. The killing of women, children, even animals and the destruction is forbidden in Jihad.
4290:) should come in. This rational effort to find the solutions for the temporary issues is called Ijtihad (making of an effort). It is derived form the word jihad which means the struggle for the attainment of God's Will on earth. The participle of ijtihad is mujtahid (the person who makes effort). They should master the Arabic language and be familiar with the foundations of Quran and hadith. They also should know the principles of Jurisprudence and logic. The remaining other believers, who are not expert, exercise taqlid which means authorization; that is common believers authorize the experts to make decisions for them. If the mujtahid make a mistake, the believer is not responsible for his error. Though ijtihad makes the Shia theology flexible. The traces of Ijtihad refers back to the time of Imams when they trained scholars to answer to the judicial problems of the people. As al-Baqir said to Aban ibn Taghlib: "Sit down at the door of the mosque and pronounce fatwa (judgement) to the people ..." According to
3251:
cradle to the grave in order to get happiness in the
Hereafter. He adds to get into Haqiqah, a Muslim should follow the Shari'ah which resides within the formal law. This interior part of the Shariah is Tariqah. The Shari'ah consists of Ibadat (worship) which is all the conjunctions that apply to the Islamic rites and muamalat which includes every kind of social, political and economic transactions. The Shari'ah divides all acts into five categories: obligatory(wajib), recommended(mandub), reprehensible or abominable(makruh), forbidden(haram) and acts toward which the Divine Law is indifferent(mubah). The evaluation of the act is on the base of the Shari'ah. God is the ultimate legislator (the Shari') and the roots of the Shari'ah is in the Quran. The Hadith and Sunnah are the second sources of the Shari'ah and the complements of the Quran. The Shari'ah has immutable principles but is applicable to new situations.
3470:(Fasting) means to abstain oneself from something, which later in the development of the religion was applied to abstaining from some particular things, from break of dawn up to sunset, with intention (niyyah,النّيّة). Fasting results in piety i.e., to abstain oneself from gratifying worldly matters, results in the perfection of the spirit. He adds, one should care about matters which take him away from his Lord: this is called piety. This abstinence from common lawful things causes him to abstain from unlawful things and to come nearer to God. The end of Ramadan comes with the prayer of the Eid after which a sum of money equal to the cost of all the meals not eaten by oneself and one's family during this month is usually given to the poor.
2783:
miracle has an inseparable connection with the claim of the prophethood and it is beyond the intellect and thinking. By miracle, al-Hilli means "the bringing into existence of something which is abnormal or the removal of something which normally exists, in a way which breaks through normality and which conforms to the claim (of prophethood which is made). " Sobhani regards some differences between miracles and extraordinary acts. He notes that miracles are not teachable and they are done without any prior training. As they are derived from the infinite power of God, the miracles are indisputable. The miracles are of unlimited types. The miracles are often concerned with spiritual matters rather worldly matters.
4238:
Islam would whither and decline. God's absolute authority is the foundation of
Twelvers political thought, though every one who wishes to have authority must be assigned by Him. As evidence for this theory he quoted Hakim (Wali) Ja'far as-Sadiq who Hadith relate as saying: "I have appointed him a hakim over you. If such a person orders (judges) according to our ruling and the person concerned does not accept it, then he has shown contempt for the ruling of God and rejects us; and he who rejects us, actually rejects Allah and such a person is close to association with Allah. " Regarding the priority of the guardianship over all other religious law, Khomeini states that:
4251:, forbids referring to tyrannical government for all the times. " In fact, the idea of jurist authority is based on the belief that establishing an ideal society without any aid from God's revelation, is not possible. According to Usuli Twelvers, Juristic authority emphasizes on the role of Shari'a in society. According to Al-Murtaza, on certain conditions holding office on behalf of the true Leaders is obligatory: to enable the office to order what is right and forbid what is wrong, to protect the Shi'ites, the Shi'ites are threatened to death, otherwise. Khomeini and his followers taught that traditionally Twelver Shia consider
3419:
in the afternoon; at sunset; and at night before midnight. The call to prayer (adhan) and ritual ablution (wudu) are preceded before the prayer and it can be performed on any ritually clean ground whether outdoors or indoors as long as one has the permission of the owner. The units (rak'ah) of prayer are two in the morning, four at noon, four in the afternoon, three in the evening, and four at night. Shia perform prayers on especial occasions like fear, joy, thanksgiving and at the pilgrimages and at the end of
Ramadan. There are minor differences between Sunnis and Twelvers in how the prayer ritual is performed. During the
1907:. Ja'far al-Sadiq and al-Baqir are the founders of the Imami Shiite school of religious law. Al-Sadiq acquired a noteworthy group of scholars around himself, comprising some of the most eminent jurists, traditionists, and theologians of the time. During his time, Shia developed in the theological and legal issues. Both Muhammad al-Baqir and Ja'far al-Sadiq improved the position of the Shia and elaborated the intellectual basis of the interpretation and practice of Shiite Islam. Their teachings were the basis for the development of Shiite spirituality and religious rituals.
5883:
4186:"crafted a new theory of government" which held that while "not truly legitimate", the Safavid monarchy would be "blessed as the most desirable form of government during the period of awaiting" for Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth imam. In general, the Shi'a adhered to one of three approaches towards the state: either full participation in government, i.e., attempting to influence policies by becoming active in politics, or passive cooperation with it, i.e. minimal participation, or else most commonly, mere toleration of it, i.e. remaining aloof from it.
2130:
metaphysical synthesis known as Divine Wisdom or theosophy(Persian:hikmat-i ilahi). The most important representative of the School of
Isfahan was Mulla Sadra. Mulla Sadra produced his own synthesis of Muslim thought, including theology, peripatetic philosophy, philosophical mysticism, and Sufi studies, particularly the Sufism of Ibn al-'Arabi. Mulla Sadra trained eminent students, such as Mulla Muhsin Kashani and 'Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji who passed down the traditions of the School of Isfahan in later centuries in both Iran and India.
2983:
846:
4123:
4308:
2802:
3893:", but it "failed" because Khamenei "had modest religious credentials (he was only elevated to the rank of ayatollah after Khomeini's death, so he could assume the post of supreme leader). Faced with Baathist persecution and an Iranian power grab, Sistani was able to retain his position." Gleave does not mention al-Sistani but states that Khamenei's "position as the Marja˓ al-taqlid" has "remained a matter of dispute".
1875:. As most of his supporters were in Iraq, Ali moved the capital of Islam to Kufa and there began to fight against Mu'awiyah, who rejected giving allegiance to Ali. The death of Husayn played an important role in the spread of Shi'ism in the regions of Iraq, Yemen and Persia. At the end of the first century, the influential leaders in the government established the city of Qom for the settlement of the Shia.
1377:
781:
2109:. While most of the larger cities of Iran were Sunni, he declared Twelverism as the official religion of his empire. Many Shia scholars were brought to set up the Shia seminaries in Iran. One of those was Karaki who stated that, for the interest of Umma, it is necessary for a Shia scholar to be a legitimate leader to carry out the tasks of the Imam who is hidden. Under Safavids, religious authorities (
3083:. Accordingly, they have the power to commit sin but are able to avoid doing so by their nature The Infallibles are believed to follow only God's desire in their actions, because of their supreme righteousness, consciousness, and love for God. They are also regarded as being immune to error: in practical matters, in calling people to religion, and in the perception of divine knowledge.
4242:"The government, or the absolute guardianship (alwilayat al-mutlaqa) that is delegated to the noblest messenger of Allah, is the most important divine law and has priority over all other ordinances of the law. If the powers of the government be restricted to the framework of ordinances of the law then the delegation of the authority to Muhammad would be a senseless phenomenon. "
1916:
rule of al-Ma'mun, Shia was free from the political pressures and was somehow at liberty. In the fourth/tenth century, the weaknesses in the
Abbasid government and coming up the Buyid rulers caused the spread, strength and open propagation of the Shi'ism. From the fifth/eleventh to the ninth century many Shia kings appeared in the Islamic world who propagated the Shi'ism.
2770:
further adds that with passing of the time and gradual development of the society, the gradual development in the revealed law is apparent. By three ways the speech of God reaches to man, by revelation or divine inspiration; behind a veil, man can hear God's speech but can not hear him; or by a messenger, an angel conveys the inspiration to the man. By the verses
3172:, God, whose actions are the absolute truth, does not create a man without any purpose. While the quality of this world makes the recompense impossible, the Justice of God necessitates that every one be recompensed according to his own actions. Tabataba'i describes the death as a transfer from one stage of life to another eternal stage. The verse
4204:, based on the idea that Islamic jurists are "legatees" of Muhammad and the Imams, that in the absence of an infallible Imam, a capable jurist (faqih) takes the responsibility of leadership of the community. Khomeini believed himself to be just such a person and with the enormous support he had as the revolution's leader he became the
3503:), meaning one fifth, is an annual tax of one-fifth which is levied on net income (after paying all expenses). This tax is to be spent on Muhammad, his family, orphans, the needy and the travelers. Half of the Khums is the share of the Imam which is his inheritance from Muhammad and at the absence of Imam, it is paid to
2072:, Shi'a were more free to develop and al-Hilla became the new learning center for Shia. Continuing the rationalistic tradition of the Baghdad School, defining reason as an important principle of Jurisprudence, al-Hillah school laid the theoretical foundation upon which the authority of Jurisprudents is based today.
7593:
3600:
According to Nasr, Jihad literally means effort but in the path of God in the whole of life. Shia associates the doctrine of Jihad directly to the
Walayah or allegiance to the Imamah, i.e., it is Imam who can distinguish the situation which necessitates the Jihad and just this kind of Jihad may cause
3461:
Nasr describes that
Fasting is abstaining oneself from food, drink and sexual intercourse from the dawn to the sunset during the month of Ramadan. The Fast also requires the abstaining one's mind and tongue away from evil thoughts and words. It is obligatory from the age of adolescence until the time
3427:, arms, feet, etc. and saying of some prayers), the Shīʻa view wiping the feet with wet hands as sufficient. Also, Shīʻa do not use their fingers to clean inside the ears during the ablution ritual. A prerequisite for purification is that one has to be clean before performing the purification ritual.
3916:
implies. It is as a weapon for the weak before the tyrants. If
Dissimulation cause the disappearance of the religion or the fundamentals of the religion, it is forbidden and Muslims are to give up their lives but if there is no advantage in their being killed, it is to dissimulate. There is no place
3383:
While sharing the Unity of God and the divine guidance through his messenger
Muhammad, Shia maintain that for the spiritual and moral guidance of the community, God instructed Muhammad to designate Ali as the leader of the community which was made public at Ghadir Khumm. Twelvers, along with Sunnis,
2764:
Tabataba'i expresses that according to the thesis of general guidance, as the human reason cannot perceive the perfect law of happiness (Sa'adah) and he could not get it through the process of creation, there should be a general awareness of this law and it could be within the reach of every one. He
2706:
states that God has perfected the guidance of people through sending the prophets; When the doctrines and practices of the revealed law gets to its perfection, the prophecy comes to an end, too. That is why the Quran points out that Islam is the last and the most perfect religion and Muhammad is the
2460:
God guides each human through sending messengers and He does not impose upon them obligations that are beyond their capacity. In the Message of The Quran by Mohammad Asad, the interpretation of v 20:50 is as follows; He(Moses) replied (to Pharaoh); Our Sustainer is He who gives unto every thing its
1866:
In 610, when Muhammad received the first revelation, Ali was 10 years old. At the time of Muhammad, some of the supporters of Ali, particularly Miqdad ibn al-Aswad, Salman the Persian, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, and Ammar ibn Yasir were called the Shiites of Ali. The division of Islam into Shia and Sunni
4246:
Shaykh al-Saduq and Shaykh al-Tusi transmit the hadith that Muhammad al-Mahdi, in response to Ishaq ibn Yaqub, through Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Umari expresses that: "As for the events that may occur (al-hawadith al-waqi'a) refer to the transmitters (ruwat) of our teachings who are my hujjah (proof)
3492:
is related to the purity in Arabic. It is the annual taxation of one's excess wealth at certain rates for different valuables. It is a form of social welfare program, by which wealth is redistributed and the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a small elite prevented. It is also seen as a ritual
3418:
The canonical prayers are the most central rite of Islam which is incumbent on all Muslims, both male and female, from the age of adolescence until death. The prayers must be performed in the direction of the Ka'bah in Mecca five times a day: in the early morning, between dawn and sunrise; at noon;
3005:
Ziyarah (literally: visit) is a religious practice that means to attend before religious leaders or their graves in order to express and indicate reverence/love and acquire spiritual blessings. The visitation of the imams is recommended even by Imams themselves and Shia scholars and jurists from an
2469:
Tabataba'i states that the Justice of God necessitates that the virtuous and evil people become separated; the virtuous have a good life and the evil have a wretched life. He will judge the beliefs and the deeds of all the people according to the truth and he will give every one his right due. Then
2015:
Shaykh Tusi, founder of Shia Ijtihad, was the first to establish the bases of reasoning in Shia Jurisprudence. His book al-Mabsut is the first book of Ijtihad which derives the subordinates from the principles. Tusi bought the Shia religious law to a new period. The main point is that he recognized
1915:
At the beginning of the third/ninth century once again Shia flourished and it was due to the translation of scientific and philosophical books from other languages to Arabic, Al-Ma'mun giving freedom to the propagation of different religious views and his interest in intellectual debates. Under the
3585:
Hajj is the supreme pilgrimage of the Muslim to the Ka'bah in Mecca. This rite involves circumambulation around the Ka'bah, certain movements, prayers, and the sacrifice of an animal in Mecca and adjoining holy areas according to Sunnah. Muslims believe that if the Hajj was performed by sincerity,
3446:
In the Jaʻfarī view, the hands are to be left hanging straight down the side during the standing position of the prayer. The Jaʻfarī consider the five daily prayers to be compulsory, though the Jaʻfarī consider it acceptable to pray the second and third prayer, and the fourth and fifth prayer, one
3231:
and Sunna. Muhammad, the angels, Imams and martyrs are among the intercessors by God's will. Muhammad has expressed that one of God's gifts to him is the right of intercession of those who have committed major sins. As Quran represents the sons of Jacob asked their father to intercede for them and
2353:
Tawhid of the attributes means God's attributes have no other reality than His essence. Ali argues that "Every attribute testifies to its being other than the object to which it is attributed, and every such object in turn testifies to its being other than the attribute. " Tawhid of the attributes
4093:
On the other hand, Usulis depicted themselves as "a living continuous leadership of the believers" with "flexibility regarding legal and especially political questions", which they regard as necessary because the knowledge provided by hadith is non-systematic and purely doctrinal lacking rational
3992:
Mutah is claimed to have existed during the time of Muhammad, and during a portion of his time, it was not prohibited. On this basis, Shias believe that anything that was allowed during the time of Muhammad should remain allowed after. Mut'ah was allegedly practiced from the time of revelation to
3206:
God will resurrect all human beings and they will stand before God to be questioned about their lives on the world. On this day people are two groups, people who receive their book by their right hand who are the people of paradise and their face is bright and the people who receive their book by
3197:
implies that the person who is raised up at the Resurrection is the one who was alive on the earth. The purpose of the Resurrection of the body and rejoining the soul is that it experience the rewards and punishments which are sensible and they can not be experienced with the lack of the body.The
3184:
Twelvers believe in the return; the term refers to the revival of a group of Muslims back to this world after the appearance of Mahdi. The base of this belief derives from the revival of the dead in the past communities as mentioned in the Quran and the revival at the Day of Resurrection. Sobhani
2782:
Tabataba'i defines the miracle as a supernatural event which is shown by the prophet and the friends of God as a challenge to prove the claim of the prophethood and it is by God's permission. He states that the miracle should be according to the demands of the people of his own time. He adds that
2357:
Traditional Twelvers believe that God's names are created by Him and are not His attributes. A name is a combination of created letters while attributes are what is implied by that name. It is stated in Al-Kafi that whoever worships God's names has committed disbelief in God, as they are not Him.
4237:
According to Khomeini, the basis of this juristic authority is derived from the Imamate as the expansion of the prophecy and knowledge (ilm) which is also the basis for the religious and political authority of the Imam. He taught that without Islamic government ruled by the leading jurist/faqih,
2856:
According to Twelvers, there is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Ali was the first Imam of this line, and in the Twelvers' view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad
2715:
Belief in the existence of the angels is one of the articles of Iman. Unseen beings of a luminous and spiritual substance, angels act as intermediaries between God and the visible world. Although superior in substance, angels are inferior to mankind, because man can reflect the image of God. The
2482:
According to Twelvers' narrations, God does not create Humans' actions and instead they are fully created by humans. According to a narration by Musa Al-Khadhim, if God created humans' actions then He should not punish humans for it. Jaafar Al-Subhani argues that the justice of God requires that
2129:
is the founder of it. Mir Damad combined the teachings of Ibn Arabi, Suhrawardi, Ibn Sina and Nair al-Din and founded a new intellectual dimension in the texture of Shi'ism. The scholars of the School of Isfahan integrated the philosophical, theological, and mystical traditions of Shi'ism into a
3250:
According to Nasr, the root of the Shari'ah is Shr' which means road that all the men and women should follow. The Shari'ah or Divine Law of Islam is ritual, legal, ethical, and social aspects of Islam which is the concrete embodiment of the will of God. It governs the life of a Muslim from the
2701:
narrates from his fathers that Muhammad, in one of his sermons expressed that " sent to people messengers so they might be His conclusive argument against His creatures and so His messengers to them might be witnesses against them. He sent among them prophets bearing good tidings and warning. "
2486:
However, some philosophers believe that all the existence is His creation including a human being and his actions. But actions have two dimensions. The first is committing the action by free will, the second is the creation of that action by God's will with which he gave the people the power to
4102:
concerns with establishing the legal standards on the basis of the four foundations of Quran, hadith, Ijma' and Aql. (Ijma' is the unanimous consensus.) Aql, in Shia Jurisprudence, is applied to four practical principles namely bara'at (immunity), ihtiyat (precaution), takhyir (selection), and
2769:
points to this perception namely revelation. Tabataba'i describes that the reception of revelation, its preservation and its propagation are three principles of ontological guidance. What the prophets got through the revelation was religion which consists of doctrine and practice or method. He
4294:, the mujtahids acted as the guard against tyrannical government and they had religious and social functions. Al-Karaki narrates a hadith from his teachers that the scholar is the guardian of the religion, successor of the Imam and he should draw conclusions from the sources by the reasoning.
2278:
The first step of religion is to accept, understand and realize him as the Lord ... The correct form of belief in his unity is to realize that he is so absolutely pure and above nature that nothing can be added to or subtracted from his being. That is, one should realize that there is no
1689:
branches believe in a different number of Imams and, for the most part, a different path of succession regarding the Imamate. They also differ in the role and overall definition of an Imam. Twelvers are also distinguished from Ismāʿīlīs by their belief in Muhammad's status as the "Seal of the
3920:
Henry Corbin, states that "the practice was instituted by the Imams themselves, not only for reasons of personal safety, but as an attitude called for by the absolute respect for high doctrines: nobody has strictly the right to listen to them except those who are capable of listening to, and
2075:
The second wave of the Usulies was shaped in the Mongol period when al-Hilli used the term Mujtahid, the one who deduces the ordinance on the basis of the authentic arguments of the religion. By Ijtihad, al-Hilli meant the disciplined reasoning on the basis of the shari'ah. By developing the
4475:(Arabic word for forty) commemorates 40th day of Imam Husain's martydom (40th day is an auspicious day for any deceased as per Islam), remembering the suffering of Imam Husayn and his household, the women and children. After Husayn was killed, his household was marched over the desert, from
2439:
Ali insists that God is Just and he is the Justice Itself and the virtue of Justice flows from him to the souls of men. Since he is Justice, every thing he does is Just. Shiism considers Justice as innate to Divine nature, i.e. God can not act unjustly, because it is his nature to be just.
2853:, but has close relationship with God, through which God guides him, and the imam in turn guides the people. The Imamat, or belief in the divine guide is a fundamental belief in Shi'i Islam and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance.
3019:
For Shi'is: to take advantage of factors to attain the goals is natural but these factors should not be taken as independent from God and should have been established in the Quran and hadith. This means can be anything which causes drawing proximity to God such as prayer, almsgiving.
2765:
adds there must be people who apprehend the real duties of life and bring them within the reach of human being. Tabataba'i refers to this power of perception, which is other than the reason and the sense, as the prophetic consciousness or the consciousness of revelation as the verse
2836:
verifies according to Shia fundamental belief. According to Shia, Imamah is the continuation of the prophetic mission. Shia believe in the Twelve Imams who are divinely inspired descendants of Muhammad. They must meet these attributes: nass (designation by the previous Imam),
2240:
Mystics, philosophers, and traditional scholars all have diverse opinions about the unity of God, free will, and Judgement Day, as stated by Jafaar Seedaan. Care has been taken to mention the traditional view first and then mention other views as objectively as possible.
2146:(traditionalist) trend whose founder was Mulla Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi. Astarabadi attacked the idea of Ijtihad and called the Usulies as the enemies of religion. He recognized the hadith as the only source for the Islamic law and the understanding of the Quran.
6648:
3970:
Shia schools of Shari'a (Islamic law), is a marriage with a preset duration, after which the marriage is automatically dissolved. It has many conditions that can be considered as pre-requisite, similar to that of permanent marriage. However, it is regarded as
2056:
and al-Hilli gave a definite shape to Shia jurisprudence and they separated the weak hadith from the sound. According to John Cooper, after al-Hilli, Imami theology and legal methodology became thoroughly infused with the terminology and style of philosophy.
3586:
their sins will be forgiven by God. It is performed in the month of Dhu'l-hijjah and is obligatory for all the Muslims who possess physical and financial ability. There is also lesser Hajj or hajj al-'umrah which is performed on the remaining of the year.
2470:
the reality of every thing as it is will be revealed for the man. Through his faith and good deeds, he can get to friendship with God. The form of man's deeds are joined to his soul and accompany him which are the capital of his future life. The verse
1772:
refers to a group of Muslims who believe that the succession to Muhammad must remain in his family for specific members who are designated by a divine appointment. Tabatabai states that the word referred to the partisans of Ali at the time of Muhammad
2156:
came in last half of the 18th century when Behbahani led Usulis to dominance and "completely routed the Akhbaris at Karbala and Najaf," so that "only a handful of Shi'i ulama have remained Akhbari to the present day." The reestablishment of the
1898:
and other religious sciences which based the foundations for the Shia instructions. With change in political situations and a suitable conditions for the development of religious activities and the time of elaborating the religious sciences,
3566:
Also, in a famous supplication, the supplication after the noon prayer, the person asks God to bestow on him His favors, one of those favors which the person asks is the benefit or gain from every act of righteousness, the word used here is
2849:, a divine wisdom, was the source of the souls of the prophets and imams and gave them esoteric knowledge, called Hikmah, and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. Although the Imam was not the recipient of a
4465:, the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate (and the first one by heredity). One group of Sunni Scholars have deemed Yazeed to be a kaafir (e.g. Sunni Scholar Ibn Jauzi in Wafa al-Wafa). Sunnis also commemorate Imam Husayn ibn Ali's
3114:. Donaldson in his argument believed that the development of the Shi'ite theology in the period between the death of Muhammad and the disappearance of the Twelfth Imam originates the concept of Ismah which adds to its importance.
2003:
as well as Baghdadi Mu'tazila ideas to form his theology while trying to adapt theological ideas with Twelve Imams' Hadith. While the Mu'tazila was dominant in Baghdad, he tries to distinguish Shia and Mu'tazila ideas and assert
2039:
The beginner of this school, Ibn Idris al-Hilli (d. 1202), with his rationalistic tendency, detailed Shi'ite jurisprudence in his al-Sara'ir. Ibn Idris, with rejecting the validity of the isolate hadith, states rational faculty
3917:
for Dissimulation regarding the teaching of the doctrines of the religion. As Shia has been a minority under the rule of regimes who were in hostility to their beliefs, they choose to be cautious to prevent their extinction.
3042:'s preservation of the infallible, first by endowing them with pure constitution then, following in order, by blessing them with great excellences, giving them firm will against opponents, sending tranquility down upon them (
2423:)). Every supernatural action of the prophets is by God's permission as Quran points to it. Shirk in practice is to assume something as an end in itself, independent from God, but to assume it as a path to God (to Him-ness (
3696:
Starting in the 19th century, with the Usooli movement (who now make up the overwhelming majority of Twelver Shia clergy) Shia considered it obligatory for Muslims without expertise in Islamic jurisprudence to turn to a
3038:. " When Ismah is attributed to human beings, the concept means "the ability of avoiding acts of disobedience, in spite of having the power to commit them, " As in Prophets and Imams, Ismah is a Divine grace realized by
4281:
explains that while the religious material is limited, what procedure should be taken if a problem arises. Here human reason comes in; God gave reason to human to discover His Will. If no answer was given by tradition
3396:(علي ولي الله "Ali is the vicegerent of God") at the end of the Shahādah. This testifies that ʻAlī is also the Leader of the Believers along with God and Muhammad, proof of which Shi'a theologians find in the Qur'an.
2748:, the angel of death. The cherubim (al-karrūbiyyūn) who just praise God. The angels of seven heavens and the Guardian angels, two of them are concerned with men. The Attendant angels, they bring blessings upon human.
3462:
one possesses the physical strength to undertake it. The fast is not obligatory for the sick, those travelling and breast-feeding mothers, but they must make up the lost days when possible. According to Tabataba'ei,
3539:
In Islamic legal terminology, it means "one-fifth of certain items which a person acquires as wealth, and which must be paid as an Islamic tax". According to Shi'a, the items eligible for khums are referred to as
8723:
3122:. It was apparently first used by the Imamiyyah, perhaps during the beginning of the second century of the Islamic calendar in which they maintained that the Imam must be immune from sin (ma'sum). According to
3430:
During prayer, it is the Jaʻfarī view that it is preferable to prostrate on earth, leaves that are not edible or wood, as these three things are considered purest by Muhammad in hadith specifically mentioning
3049:
According to the theology of Twelvers, the successor of Muhammad is an infallible human individual who not only rules over the community with justice, but also is able to keep and interpret the Sharia and its
2354:
means to deny the existence of any sort of multiplicity and combination in the Essence itself. A differentiation between the essence and the attributes or between the attributes implies a limitation in being.
2900:
Shia believe that with the death of Muhammad, his religious and political authority were inherited to the Imams. Shia consider the Successor as the esoteric interpreter of the revelation and the Divine Law.
3683:'s laws. Twelver Shia Muslims believe that the process of finding God's laws from the available Islamic literature will facilitate in dealing with any circumstance. They believe that they can interpret the
2707:"seal of the prophets", he adds. Al-Hilli states that "the Prophets are greater in merit than the angels, because the prophets have conflicts with rational power and they compel it to submit to reason. "
2274:
Ali is quoted as arguing that "unity of God" means that God has no like; is not subject to numeration; and is indivisible in neither reality nor imagination. On another occasion, he is quoted saying:
8007:
2396:, oneness in worship means rejecting all kinds of counterfeit worship (such as worship of carnal desires, money or prestige), and as Quran says, every act of obedience to an order is worship.
7466:
1824:
also share the concept of Imamate, this term is mostly used for the Twelvers who believe that the leadership of the community after Muhammad belongs to twelve subsequent successors including
3168:
By Shia theological doctrine, since the people have come from God, they will go back to God, and it is related to people's reaction to the prophecy. They argue that according to the Quran,
4090:(d. 1626–27) preached that the ijtihad was unnecessary as the instructions of the Imam were sufficient guidance for Muslims. Akhbaris rely only on the hadith of the prophet and the Imams.
3054:. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; therefore, they must be free from error and sin, and must be chosen by divine decree, or
3619:
Love of Muhammad is incumbent upon all Muslims and is the key for the love of God. To love God needs that God love the one and God does not love the one who does not love his messengers.
2946:, all the caliphs following Muhammad's death were illegitimate and that Muslims had no obligation to follow them. They hold that the only guidance that was left behind, as stated in the
2152:, as the founder of a new stage in Shia Jurisprudence, took a new practical method. He attacked the Akhbaris and their method was abandoned by Shia. The dominance of the Usuli over the
2942:, are believed to have been considered, even before their birth, as the only valid Islamic rulers appointed and decreed by God. Shia Muslims believe that with the exception of Ali and
6588:
3912:
By Shia, acting according to religion is incumbent on every one, but if the expression of a belief endanger one's life, honor and property, he can conceal his belief as the verse
3016:
Tawassul is an Arabic word originated from wa-sa-la- wasilat (Arabic: وسيلة-وسل). The wasilah is a means by which a person, goal or objective is approached, attained or achieved.
2732:, on the base of Quran and hadith, names them as the Bearers of the Throne, the Spirit, he governs all the affairs of the earth and heaven according to the principle of creation;
2728:. Izz al-Din Kashani discusses that the angels are different in degree and station. Some of them cling to the Threshold of Perfection, others manage the affairs of the creation.
3703:(an expert in Islamic jurisprudence) for "advice and guidance and as a model to be imitated" when seeking to determine Islamically correct behavior, during the occultation of
1791:
who is considered by the Twelvers and Nizaris to be their sixth Imam who presented "a legal treatise". Ja'far al-Sadiq is also respected and referenced by the founders of the
1564:) of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the Muslim community to follow; as a result, Muhammad and the Imams must be free from error and sin, a doctrine known as
5858:
4259:. Since the last Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, went into "occultation" in 941 and is not expected back until end times, this left Shi'a without religiously sanctioned governance.
3211:
points out, on the Day of Judgement, the ears, eyes and skin of disbelievers will testify against them saying "Allah has caused us to speak – He causes all things to speak."
2415:, the distinction of theoretical Tawhid from Shirk is recognition of the idea that every reality and being in its essence, attributes and action are from him (from Him-ness (
2330:, i.e., the only one to be. As this Divine Essence is infinite, his qualities are the same as his essence. Essentially, there is one Reality, which is one and indivisible.
2044:) as the fourth source of law in deducing legal norms before Quran and hadith. But the real Usuli doctrinal movement began by al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (d. 1277) who brought up
2774:
two types of guardians protect the integrity of the revelation: an angel who protects the prophet against any kind of error, God who protects the angels and the prophets.
4546:
commemorates the martyrdom Fatima ibn Muhammad, the daughter of Muhammad on 3rd Jamdi ul Akhar. The shia believes that Fatima was killed by group led by second caliph of
2333:
According to Twelver theology, Tawhid consists of several aspects, including Tawhid of the Essence, the attributes, the creatorship, the lordship and oneness in worship.
2026:
Twelver Imams amongst other Shia imam with their early Imams are shown in the chart below. This also indicate twelvers amongst various other sects in the present world.
2023:
of the Jurisprudence under the influence of the Shafe'i and Mu'tazili doctrines. Al- Kulayni and al-Sadduq, in Qom and Ray, were concerned with traditionalist approach.
8713:
4212:
10352:
3138:
in an increasingly stringent form until the doctrine came to exclude their commission of any sin or inadvertent error, either before or after they assumed office.
1950:
12266:
3536:
Khums is mandatory on seven assets: earned profits, net income (after paying all expenses), Zakat or alms is levied on crops, livestock, gold, silver and cash
2381:
Tawhid of Lordship means the governance of the world and that human beings only belong to God. This oneness of lordship has two aspects: creative governance (
2845:(spiritual guidance). The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to Muhammad, based on Twelver's belief. It is believed in Shi'a Islam that
7999:
4255:
and the subsequent eleven Imams not only religious guides but political leaders, based on a hadith where Muhammad passes on his power to command Muslims to
2373:
of the universe are not independent from God, just as the beings which are not independent in essence. There is no power except God, according to Motahari.
8161:
5135:
2487:
commit the action. Sadr al-Din Shirazi states that "God, may He be exalted, is far removed from doing any evil deeds and goes about His Kingdom at will."
1867:
traces back to the crisis of the succession to Muhammad. The followers of Ali fought with some of the Quraysh and some of the companions of Muhammad like
2076:
principles of the Usul, he introduced more legal and logical norms which extended the meaning of the Usul beyond the four principle sources of Shari'ah.
11879:
2125:, consequently, Iran once again became center of Imami jurisprudence. Suhrawardi tried to harmonize rational philosophy and intellectual intuition, but
4997:
3871:
or highest Marja' in the world of Shia Islam. According to Mohamad Bazzi, Al-Sistani's word "on religious matters carries the most weight" among Shia.
3320:(Struggle) – struggling to please God. The greater, internal Jihad is the struggle against the evil within one's soul in every aspect of life, called
6505:
2195:. He was sent into exile in Iraq, where he continued his opposition to the Iranian regime. He further ordered the opposition to the Shah and led the
7470:
8426:
7111:
4277:
The use of Ijtihad and Taqlid associates with a religious and judicial problem that its answer is not in the Quran and hadith. Regarding Ijtihad,
4487:). Many children (some of whom were direct descendants of Muhammad) died of thirst and exposure along the route. Arba'een occurs on the 20th of
1965:(d. 991), react to their theological ideas based on Twelve Imams' Hadiths. He tried to defend Imami ideas against Mu'tazili criticism regarding
3006:
early period of Shia history. The most popular destinations for Shi'a pilgrims include Najaf and Karbala in Iraq, Qum and Mashhad in Iran, and
10535:
4899:
12321:
4256:
1904:
8986:
2964:
and offspring. The latter, due to their infallibility, are considered to be able to lead the Muslim community with justice and equity.
8718:
4567:
4182:
in Iran, propagated the Twelver faith, made Twelver's law the law of the land, and patronized Twelver scholarship. For this, Twelver
2326:, among, next to, or above other unities. For, if there were being other than he (i.e., creatural being), God would no longer be the
7492:
3443:, a small tablet of soil, often taken from the ground of a holy site, or wood during their daily prayers upon which they prostrate.
3189:, in response to those that ask "Who will restore us", answers: "He who brought you forth the first time. " In another place, verse
11256:
11003:
4977:
4216:
3637:
In addition to leading a virtuous life, a Muslim should enjoin all other Muslims to do the same and to avoid all vices prohibited.
3051:
2279:
difference between his person and his attributes, and his attributes should not be differentiated or distinguished from his person.
8935:
11047:
9108:
7539:
5181:
5024:
4201:
3655:
Generally, clergy in Twelver Shi'a have exerted much more authority in their religious community than the Sunni ulema in theirs.
2345:
states: Say, "He is Allah, One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent. "
4372:
10479:
2828:
points to it and the authority of the Imams who are blessed for the leadership of the community through Muhammad as the verses
2483:
humans' actions cannot be created by God, otherwise God would be a doer of evil actions. Predestination is rejected in Shiism.
4344:
10219:
9628:
9118:
9100:
8913:
8894:
8805:
8779:
8757:
8702:
8683:
8664:
8645:
8626:
8588:
8569:
8539:
8500:
8462:
8443:
8410:
8364:
8345:
8305:
8283:
8242:
8217:
8171:
8150:
8068:
7086:
6920:
6902:
6872:
6853:
6623:
6556:
Nakash, Yitzhak (1995). "The Visitation of the Shrines of the Imams and the Shi'i Mujtahids in the Early Twentieth Century".
6537:
6489:
6459:
6432:
6405:
6309:
5925:
5431:
5259:
5166:
5120:
5101:
5070:
4637:
4035:
and Shīʻa Sharia results from a Shīʻa belief that Muhammad assigned ʻAlī to be the first ruler and the leader after him (the
7510:
11590:
10229:
3711:, it is obligatory for Shi'a to train themselves. Usooli Shia believe the 12th Imam, ordered them to follow the scholars (
1547:
1405:
9573:
4351:
4325:
4112:
2225:), as well as in response to intellectual movements in the Muslim world and major events of the Twelver history, such as
250:
30:
This article is about the predominant sect of Shia Islam. For other denominations which believe in the Twelve Imams, see
10890:
8772:
The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shī'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence
3013:
According to Shi'is, the imams are revered because they had received inspiration and a degree of revelation from Allah.
2857:(also known as Hasnain) through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of
7564:
3324:. The lesser, or external, jihad is the struggle against the evil of one's environment in every aspect of life, called
2792:
809:
245:
3555:
The Sunni translate this word exclusively as "war booty" or "spoils of war". The Twelvers hold the view that the word
2213:
Twelver theology, which mainly consists of five principles, has formed over the course of history on the basis of the
8831:
8607:
8481:
8326:
8264:
8198:
7740:
7440:
7121:
6248:
5191:
5145:
5041:
4584:
4391:
4165:
3559:
has two meanings as mentioned above, the second meaning is illustrated by the common use of the Islamic banking term
2820:
Shia believe in the trilateral structure of authority; authority of God which is absolute and universal as the verse
11950:
8948:
4926:
11930:
8029:
6589:"The largest contemporary Muslim pilgrimage isn't the hajj to Mecca, it's the Shiite pilgrimage to Karbala in Iraq"
4358:
3007:
2953:
2596:
2283:
Traditional Twelvers strictly believe that God is different from his creation and that both are separate entities.
1012:
870:
190:
10683:
10428:
8259:. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies.
12256:
12204:
11818:
10866:
10530:
9418:
9298:
6263:
4132:
2019:
By his debates and books, Al-Mufid, Sayyid-al Murtada and Shaykh al-Tusi in Iraq were the first to introduce the
766:
8177:
7271:
2720:
implies the superiority of the mankind. God revealed the Quran to Muhammad by Gabriel who was also his guide on
12583:
12498:
10246:
10224:
9538:
9503:
8979:
6363:
4875:
4632:
4329:
3198:
purpose of spiritual resurrection is to observe those rewards and punishments which are special to the spirit.
2876:
The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible. It is an important aspect of Shia theology that they are not prophets (
4340:
4103:
istishab (continuity in the previous state) which are applied when other religious proofs are not applicable.
10373:
10256:
9513:
9333:
4507:
is the birth date of the 12th and final imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi. It is celebrated by Twelvers on the 15th of
3715:) who: "...guard their soul, protect their religion, and follow the commandments of their master (Allah)..."
2703:
7258:
4077:(including Muhammad and his daughter Fatimah) and accepting the examples and verdicts of this special group.
3743:. Where a difference in opinion exists between the maraji', each of them provides their own opinion and the
727:
12519:
11559:
11040:
10712:
10558:
10508:
9949:
9393:
1206:
505:
12553:
4743:
Takroosta, Ali; Mohajeri, Parisa; Mohammadi, Taymour; Shakeri, Abbas; Ghasemi, AbdoulRasoul (2019-12-01).
4234:
and earlier scholars, (if properly understood), but had been deliberately suppressed by enemies of Islam.
3176:
points to the precision of the scales of justice by which the deeds and intentions of people are weighed.
3087:
believe that the Fourteen Infallibles are superior to the rest of creation, as well as to the other major
1736:, share belief in the Twelve Imams with Twelvers, but their theological doctrines are markedly different.
12187:
11077:
10941:
10289:
9603:
9113:
9090:
9085:
8995:
4522:
4087:
3447:
after the other during the parts of the day where they believe the timings for these prayers to overlap.
1682:
1022:
890:
885:
661:
195:
9651:
3773:. However, there are other smaller hawzas in many other cities around the world, the biggest ones being
671:
11596:
11191:
11177:
10916:
10661:
10435:
9917:
9548:
9508:
9243:
9160:
9014:
8943:
8815:
4647:
2842:
2796:
2192:
1686:
1225:
1027:
696:
4810:
3193:, it is like the revival of the earth in the season of the spring after the winter. He adds the verse
2369:
According to some Twelvers, Tawhid of Creatorship means that there is no creator but God, that is the
12578:
12563:
12509:
11143:
10861:
10512:
10274:
9498:
9403:
9378:
9228:
8972:
6649:"Sayyida Zaynab in the State of Exception: Shiʿi Sainthood as "Qualified Life" in Contemporary Syria"
4536:
celebrates a meeting between the Ahl al-Bayt (household of Muhammad) and a Christian deputation from
1126:
895:
637:
17:
12421:
7396:
12524:
12514:
12504:
11274:
10794:
10408:
10027:
9598:
9528:
4952:
4074:
4016:
4006:
3277:
3245:
2149:
1829:
1678:
1398:
1353:
945:
880:
731:
562:
279:
220:
65:
5740:
Al-Kafi, by Al-Kullainy, the book of God's oneness, 'Who is worshipped' chapter, volume. 01 p. 87.
5031:
International Crisis Group. The Shiite Question in Saudi Arabia, Middle East Report No. 45, 19 Sep
4575:
are the supreme legal authority for Twelvers. Some of the historical and notable scholars include
12412:
12376:
10401:
10359:
10214:
9829:
9618:
9523:
9353:
9308:
9174:
4318:
4268:
4247:
to you and I am the Proof of God (Hujjatullah) to you all. " Ja'afar al-Sadiq, pointing to verse
4230:
Khomeini and his supporters taught that rather than being new, his theory was supported by Shi'i
3943:
3841:
3801:
3632:
3628:
3385:
3345:
3339:
2938:, his cousin and son-in-law, as his successor. For the Twelvers, Ali and his eleven descendants,
2620:
2065:
1323:
691:
322:
317:
3687:
and the Twelver Shi'a traditions with the same authority as their predecessors. This process of
12573:
12568:
12094:
12048:
11442:
11123:
10618:
10279:
10209:
10169:
10154:
9834:
9588:
9493:
9478:
9469:
9348:
9313:
9238:
8953:
6355:
4580:
4365:
4220:
4136:
3875:
3825:
3821:
3809:
2909:
2895:
2632:
1754:
is based on the belief that twelve male descendants from the family of Muhammad, starting with
1516:
1487:
1288:
902:
875:
802:
357:
8140:
6395:
3981:
topic; Sunnis and Shi'a hold diametrically opposed views on its permissibility. However, some
1953:(d. 923–924), fuzed Mu'tazili theology with Imami system of thought. On the other hand, Imami
1886:
was teacher of law for 20 years and a reporter of hadith. He also introduced the principle of
932:
12588:
12317:
11976:
11148:
11065:
10811:
10781:
10338:
10234:
9781:
9608:
9358:
9268:
8939:
6527:
6449:
6422:
4652:
4252:
3860:
3829:
3817:
3118:
claims that neither the term nor the concept of Ismah is in the Qur'an or in canonical Sunni
3107:
2931:
2724:. The angels record the deeds of men. They follow the commands of God and do not precede him
2680:
1895:
1868:
1842:
1470:
1116:
1017:
1007:
1000:
977:
12017:
8186:
3384:
agree that a single honest recitation of the shahādah in Arabic is all that is required for
1111:
12558:
11763:
11170:
11028:
10953:
10798:
10613:
10461:
10366:
10345:
10204:
10159:
10144:
9693:
9543:
9533:
9518:
9338:
9303:
9293:
9288:
9263:
7728:
4642:
4600:
4446:
3571:(وَالْغَنيمَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ بِر ) this is in accordance with the second meaning of the word.
3378:
3336:"struggle of the pen") and speaking truth in front of an oppressor are also forms of jihād.
3126:, the concept Ismah is encountered as early as the first half of the second century of the
2930:
or election. They claim that before his death, Muhammad had given many indications, in the
2584:
2208:
1846:
1784:
1527:
1303:
1160:
1047:
982:
912:
676:
540:
352:
230:
172:
81:
7246:
4147:
2341:
Tawhid of the essence of God means his essence is one and peerless. Regarding this, Quran
8:
12430:
12197:
11997:
11768:
11499:
11376:
11015:
10315:
10241:
9583:
9233:
9047:
8767:
8234:
7665:
7496:
4291:
4066:(who are considered by Sunnīs to be the first three Caliphs) -- are not accepted by Shia.
3813:
3420:
2882:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2656:
2524:
2287:
1872:
1580:
1474:
1391:
1338:
1318:
1255:
927:
907:
828:
240:
200:
45:
8000:"EID AL-ADHA 2019: WHEN IS IT, HOW IS IT CELEBRATED AND HOW TO WISH SOMEONE A HAPPY EID"
4086:
Akhbari reject the function of the Mujtahid, comparing to the authority of Imam. Mullah
2448:
Twelvers believe that God grants every existent what is appropriate for it as the verse
2294:
in being, name, attributes, actions, and theophanies. The totality of being, therefore,
12361:
11244:
11200:
10758:
10645:
10419:
10380:
10294:
10129:
10092:
9976:
9851:
9623:
9408:
9283:
9258:
9080:
9067:
8420:
8399:
8385:
6711:
6676:
6569:
6340:
5325:
4947:
4904:
4627:
4592:
4588:
4547:
4190:
3874:
However, in 1994, the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) declared it was the
3837:
3291:
2986:
2721:
2698:
2560:
2536:
2392:
At last oneness in worship, i.e., God alone is deserved to be worshipped. According to
2267:
and, among Muslims, his sermons contain the first philosophical proofs of God's unity (
2196:
2178:
1977:
1900:
1788:
1700:
865:
761:
586:
125:
12337:
8092:
7535:
6193:
5021:
12387:
12353:
12297:
11540:
11479:
11386:
11094:
10958:
10807:
10753:
10649:
10284:
10251:
10179:
10174:
10134:
10122:
10107:
10087:
9988:
9964:
9790:
9613:
9453:
9388:
8909:
8890:
8846:
8827:
8801:
8789:
8775:
8753:
8698:
8679:
8660:
8641:
8622:
8603:
8584:
8565:
8535:
8518:
8510:
8496:
8477:
8458:
8439:
8406:
8360:
8341:
8322:
8301:
8279:
8260:
8238:
8213:
8194:
8187:
8167:
8146:
8127:
8064:
7736:
7117:
7082:
6715:
6680:
6668:
6629:
6619:
6533:
6485:
6455:
6428:
6401:
6359:
6244:
5187:
5141:
4764:
4498:
4458:
4197:
4010:
3704:
3088:
2998:
2870:
2866:
2824:
implies, authority of Muhammad which is legitimized by the grace of God as the verse
2412:
2393:
2260:
2234:
2226:
2188:
2053:
1981:
1883:
1759:
1381:
1348:
1313:
1245:
1072:
1042:
795:
785:
442:
155:
140:
120:
76:
11545:
8318:
Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran
11355:
11329:
11032:
10705:
10608:
10449:
10331:
10184:
10164:
10149:
9714:
9373:
9141:
8793:
7727:
6703:
6660:
6561:
6475:
6335:
4756:
4604:
4063:
3845:
3328:. This is not to be mistaken with the common modern misconception that this means "
3263:
3131:
3127:
3095:
2939:
2749:
2668:
2644:
2452:
states: Our Lord is He Who gave unto everything its nature, then guided it aright.
2182:
1966:
1458:
1358:
1333:
1250:
686:
642:
292:
100:
8298:
Authority in Islam: from the rise of Muhammad to the establishment of the Umayyads
4835:
12425:
12312:
11899:
11249:
11234:
11196:
11163:
11138:
11052:
10999:
10900:
10895:
10871:
10785:
10688:
10635:
10630:
10117:
10020:
10015:
9998:
9959:
9899:
9856:
9663:
9593:
9398:
9146:
8376:
8316:
8228:
8058:
7514:
6529:
Understanding Shiite Leadership: The Art of the Middle Ground in Iran and Lebanon
6479:
5749:
Al-Fusool Al-Muhimahh Fi Usool Al-Aimahh, by Al-Hur Al-Amilli, volume. 01 p. 255.
5028:
4715:
4698:
4657:
4179:
3947:
3930:
3463:
3157:
3147:
2753:
2736:, he places the spirits in the bodies and will blow the trumpet on the Last Day.
2608:
2548:
2512:
2424:
2416:
2230:
2110:
2106:
2061:
1691:
1592:
1571:
1551:
1520:
1505:
1478:
1462:
1442:
1422:
1298:
1143:
1052:
681:
571:
150:
12039:
3207:
their left hand who are the people of Hell and their face is dark. As the verse
1705:
1585:'protection') or infallibility, and must be chosen by divine decree, or
1065:
12447:
12366:
12232:
12209:
12192:
12043:
11968:
11892:
11413:
11319:
10928:
10883:
10878:
10729:
10698:
10603:
10486:
10324:
10077:
10010:
10003:
9993:
9841:
9578:
9439:
9368:
9343:
9203:
9136:
9052:
8455:
The Sacred Foundations of Justice in Islam: The Teachings of ʻAlī Ibn Abī Ṭālib
8436:
Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival During the Buyid Age
8054:
7565:"The Sistani Factor How a struggle within Shiism will shape the future of Iraq"
7234:
6694:
Julian, Millie (2008). "Supplicating, Naming, offering:Tawassul in West Java".
5001:
4998:"Ahmadinejad on way, NSA says India to be impacted if Iran 'wronged by others'"
4563:
4514:
3885:
According to Mohamad Bazzi, this was a bid "to displace" Ali Sistani, the true
3864:
3833:
3789:
2858:
2810:
2806:
2490:
The view that God creates humans' actions is rejected by traditional Twelvers.
2222:
1985:
1671:
1363:
1265:
1201:
1133:
666:
627:
525:
185:
110:
12407:
12214:
11406:
8257:
History of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard
6707:
6664:
4863:(Second ed.). Washington D.C.: National Geographic. 2008. pp. 80–81.
4143:
3693:
has provided a means to deal with current issues from an Islamic perspective.
1530:, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the
1457:
refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as
12547:
12371:
12301:
12281:
12243:
11867:
11852:
11616:
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
11423:
11348:
11158:
11119:
11106:
11081:
10987:
10776:
10748:
10625:
10579:
10497:
10196:
10097:
10082:
10072:
9907:
9869:
9846:
9808:
9719:
9449:
9443:
9433:
9421:
8850:
8553:
8522:
8293:
6672:
6633:
6351:
6347:
4768:
4744:
4622:
4526:
4450:
4434:
3982:
3388:
according to most traditional schools. A vast majority of Twelvers often add
3329:
3035:
2943:
2917:
2862:
2405:
2069:
1930:
1821:
1817:
1260:
1121:
1106:
632:
597:
500:
130:
115:
105:
12333:
8493:
An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: the History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism
8131:
7079:
An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism
6267:
4760:
2366:
Al-Hur Al-Amilly states that God created everything except humans' actions.
2161:
School led to the enhancement of the authority of the legal scholars in the
2113:) were appointed for all major cities. Karaki established a great seminary (
12399:
12328:
12116:
Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
12056:
12034:
12025:
11925:
11402:
11218:
11153:
10846:
10743:
10734:
10640:
10394:
10062:
9981:
9912:
9776:
9273:
9213:
9188:
9169:
8823:
8549:
8252:
8119:
6523:
4050:
This means some traditions accepted by Sunni—the "examples", verdicts, and
3986:
3879:
3805:
3424:
3135:
3072:
3068:
3056:
3039:
2256:
2098:
2020:
2000:
1962:
1946:
1938:
1712:
laws, and in considering both esoteric and exoteric aspects of the Qur'an.
1635:
1587:
1308:
1138:
1037:
602:
535:
515:
91:
12066:
11564:
11184:
6613:
5859:"مناظرة الإمام الكاظم(ع) مع أبي حنيفة في أن المعصية من فعل العبد – الشیعة"
3258:(Prayer) – meaning "connection", establish the five daily prayers, called
3194:
3186:
2982:
2342:
1431:
12381:
12103:
12071:
12021:
11887:
11585:
11550:
11532:
11324:
11061:
10991:
10671:
10570:
10139:
10112:
10102:
10039:
9944:
9934:
9929:
9761:
9744:
9568:
9483:
9323:
9198:
4973:
4596:
4576:
4533:
4518:
4508:
4504:
4501:, which coincides with the birth date of the sixth imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq.
4472:
4426:
4408:
3749:(their followers) will follow their own marja's opinion on that subject.
3646:
3355:
3241:
3190:
3123:
3115:
3099:
2961:
2922:
2813:
2572:
1792:
1631:
1238:
1153:
1148:
1099:
1032:
987:
972:
967:
957:
922:
647:
510:
145:
135:
8389:
8210:
The history of Islamic political thought from the prophet to the present
6280:
4441:
The following holidays are observed by Twelvers unless otherwise noted:
2084:
Amili was the first who fully formulated the principles of the Ijtihad.
12030:
11827:
11608:
11554:
11452:
11390:
11341:
11307:
11260:
11181:
11114:
11101:
11019:
10995:
10924:
10829:
10771:
10693:
10596:
9969:
9733:
9729:
9563:
9488:
9464:
9429:
9383:
9318:
9278:
9253:
9208:
9193:
9183:
7679:
6573:
4667:
4278:
3676:
3232:
their father promised to them that he will do it at the promised time.
2816:. Depicts the phrase 'Ali is the vicegerent of God' in both directions.
1639:
1615:
1515:
Twelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political
1293:
836:
49:
9814:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
9673:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
8142:
The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam
7422:
4106:
3622:
2168:
1941:
theologians. Their ideas about attribute and justice of God and human
12285:
12273:
12251:
12182:
12095:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
12086:
11992:
11937:
11862:
11516:
11511:
11437:
11381:
11127:
10982:
10975:
10851:
10762:
10676:
10656:
10501:
10442:
9954:
9922:
9877:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
9765:
9643:
9558:
9553:
9363:
9328:
9223:
9218:
8798:
The Doctrines of Shi'ism: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices
8557:
4672:
4572:
4543:
4525:
before a multitude of Muslims. Eid al-Ghadeer is held on the 18th of
4262:
4194:
4024:
3731:
3684:
3650:
3504:
3111:
3034:
In Shia theology Ismah means "impeccability", "immunity to sin" and "
2905:
2541:
2408:. It is a belief that the world has more than one principle or pole.
2370:
2126:
1992:
1954:
1942:
1328:
1213:
1087:
845:
722:
582:
567:
495:
464:
417:
407:
12276:
6565:
4307:
3544:(الْغَنيمَة) in the Quran. The Arabic word Ghanima has two meanings
2052:(analogy) to jurisprudence. Ijtihad brought dynamism into Shia law.
12470:
12437:
12292:
12177:
12169:
11963:
11368:
11299:
11222:
11205:
11036:
11023:
10856:
10802:
10584:
10032:
9823:
9656:
9248:
8964:
8930:
8090:
7270:
The Keys to Paradise, chapter 1, section 2 title "special prayers"
6739:
6737:
6510:
The Sun at Midnight: The Revealed Mysteries of the Ahlul Bayt Sufis
4617:
4480:
4055:
3963:
3720:
3699:
3517:
the legitimate wealth which is mixed with some illegitimate wealth.
3433:
3153:
3103:
3064:
2977:
2637:
2625:
2601:
2322:). The divine unitude does not have the meaning of an arithmetical
1725:
1667:
1627:
1523:
1218:
1191:
1177:
917:
736:
520:
484:
362:
235:
35:
4745:"An Analysis of Oil Prices Considering the Political Risk of OPEC"
4497:, Muhammad's birth date, is celebrated by the Shia on the 17th of
4200:
and his supporters established a new theory of governance for the
2801:
12475:
12455:
12416:
12261:
12108:
Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
12052:
12009:
11856:
11846:
11571:
11520:
11474:
11312:
11209:
11110:
11089:
10968:
10963:
10838:
10789:
10717:
10666:
10387:
10266:
9939:
9753:
9685:
9075:
8405:(2. printing ed.). Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers.
6292:
4742:
4662:
4476:
4462:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4287:
4283:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3734:
3689:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3614:
3610:
3374:
3361:
3351:
3130:. The Shia scholars of the fourth and the fifth centuries of the
2990:
2973:
2846:
2733:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2613:
2565:
2153:
2143:
2139:
2122:
2045:
2041:
2005:
1970:
1934:
1887:
1780:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1713:
1677:
Twelvers share many tenets with other Shīʿīte sects, such as the
1659:
1619:
1611:
1094:
1082:
1077:
741:
713:
607:
592:
530:
490:
459:
452:
447:
412:
402:
397:
332:
327:
255:
31:
8959:
6734:
6397:
Affect, Emotion, and Subjectivity in Early Modern Muslim Empires
4215:
accept this theory, it is uniquely Twelver and the basis of the
3679:
is a continual process, and is necessary for identifying all of
1538:) with justice, but are also able to preserve and interpret the
12480:
12460:
12341:
12305:
11494:
11397:
11334:
11213:
11056:
11010:
10490:
9799:
Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
9757:
9704:
9128:
9039:
4537:
4494:
4466:
4454:
4231:
4044:
4028:
4020:
3973:
3907:
3770:
3745:
3739:
3726:
3712:
3656:
3439:
3119:
2948:
2745:
2577:
2529:
2268:
2250:
2218:
2118:
1891:
1799:
1795:
1717:
1643:
1602:
Globally, there are about 200 to 300 million Twelvers: most of
1560:
1539:
1343:
1283:
1186:
1167:
962:
952:
860:
387:
260:
180:
9664:
Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
8453:
Lakhani, M. Ali; Shah Kazemi, Reza; Lewisohn, Leonard (2006).
7594:"MARJA˓ AL-TAQLID. Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World"
4094:
judgement. Usuli implies the doctrine of Usul which means the
3882:
who was "the single marja˓ al-taqlid" or "undisputed marja˓".
3185:
describes that Resurrection is both of body and spirit. Quran
2029:
1376:
780:
12465:
11506:
11131:
10932:
10920:
9722:
9697:
9668:
9057:
4929:. Daily News and Analysis, www. dnaindia.com. 5 November 2006
4488:
4484:
4272:
4224:
4183:
4032:
3967:
3939:
3890:
3793:
3766:
3758:
3595:
3494:
3483:
3479:
3409:
3405:
3317:
3311:
3301:
3287:
3255:
3080:
3076:
3029:
2957:
2927:
2869:, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and
2838:
2589:
2553:
2517:
2264:
2214:
2162:
2158:
2114:
2049:
1996:
1729:
1655:
1623:
1566:
1531:
1500:
1196:
1172:
577:
392:
382:
312:
307:
302:
287:
265:
225:
6842:
6764:
3913:
3169:
2142:
era (1736), the Usuli School of thought was attacked by the
12159:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
9708:
9703:
Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
9633:
8640:(New rev. ed.). Chicago, IL: ABC International Group.
8515:
Fundamentals of Islamic thought: God, man, and the universe
8397:
Halm, Heinz; translated from the German by Allison (1997).
8357:
The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak
5137:
Islamic Law: The Sharia from Muhammad's Time to the Present
4550:
4430:
4059:
3994:
3663:
3580:
3456:
3413:
3391:
3364:– dissociating oneself from the enemies of the Ahlu l-Bayt.
3307:
3273:
3267:
3228:
3220:
3208:
3173:
3084:
2994:
2913:
2850:
2825:
2771:
2766:
2725:
2449:
2102:
2009:
1663:
1647:
1607:
1603:
1450:
297:
12119:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
8452:
8374:
Faruki, Kemal (1965). "Tawhid and the doctrine of Ismah".
5938:
Our way in intellectual debates, by Jafaar Seedaan, p. 27.
5629:
Our way in intellectual debates, by Jafaar Seedaan, p. 26.
5617:
5584:
Our way in intellectual debates, by Jafaar Seedaan, p. 10.
4461:. Imam Husayn was grandson of Muhammad, who was killed by
4248:
3224:
2829:
2821:
2717:
2471:
2290:, a prominent Shia mystic and philosopher, defines God as
10067:
4469:, but do not engage in the spectacle displayed by Shi'as.
3851:
3797:
3762:
3680:
2935:
2833:
2685:
2174:
2016:
the needs of the community and preserved the principles.
1958:
1825:
1755:
1651:
422:
9809:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
7680:"I do... for now. UK Muslims revive temporary marriages"
6879:
3707:, (for the past 1000+ years). On "matters of belief" or
1762:, are Imams who have religious and political authority.
1670:. Iran is the only country where Twelver Shi'ism is the
3977:(prohibited) by Sunnis. This is a highly controversial
7558:
7556:
3563:
meaning "gains accompany liability for loss or risk".
9861:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
9824:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
7376:
6722:
5119:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTabataba'ei1975 (
5069:
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTabatabae'i1975 (
4453:(عاشوراء) for Shia commemorate Imam Husayn ibn Ali's
12091:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
9694:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
8532:
Vision of Islam: reflecting on the Hadith of Gabriel
8189:
Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran
7423:"IDJTIHAD AND TAQLID IN 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY ISLAM"
7388:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
4039:
or steward). This difference resulted in the Shīʻa:
3769:
are the preeminent centers for the training of Shia
3730:. The mujtahid they follow or emulate is known as a
2752:
who question the dead in the grave. The journeyers,
2455:
2263:, the first Shia Imam is credited with establishing
1492:
7553:
6241:
Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol. 1
5022:
http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/shiitequestion.pdf
4836:"World Population Clock: 7.9 Billion People (2022)"
4540:. Al-Mubahila is held on the 24th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
4332:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4208:(guardian jurist) of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
4107:
Governance and the Guardianship of the jurisprudent
3623:
Commanding what is just and Forbidding what is evil
3219:Belief to the Intercession derives from the Quran,
3046:), and preserving their hearts and minds from sin.
2169:
Qom school, Iranian Revolution and Islamic Republic
1976:The three prominent figures of Baghdad school were
12135:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
12083:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
9802:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
8398:
8118:
6770:
6743:
6339:
5347:
5345:
4433:or pilgrimage to Mecca, starts on the 10th day of
4404:Twelvers celebrate the following annual holidays:
4263:Ijtihad and Taqlid (accepting a scholar's verdict)
3737:. Those who imitate/emulate/obey him are known as
3510:The items which are eligible for khums are seven:
11628:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
8619:Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present
8300:. New Brunswick, U.S.A.: Transaction Publishers.
6860:
5381:
3529:the land which a dhimmi kafir buys from a Muslim.
3368:
12545:
10557:
9791:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
8949:A Short History of the Lives of The Twelve Imams
8936:A Brief History Of The Lives Of The Twelve Imams
8657:Expectation of the Millennium Shiʻism in History
6615:Iran : from religious dispute to revolution
5924:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNasrLeaman1996 (
5443:
5441:
5134:Kahlmeyer, André; Janin, Hunt (9 January 2015).
3792:living worldwide as of 2023, mostly residing in
3523:the precious stones obtained from sea by diving.
3152:According to Twelvers, the conditions under the
2461:true nature and form, and thereupon guides it .
11955:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
9805:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
8875:
8866:
8857:
8840:
8814:
8654:
8600:The heart of Islam enduring values for humanity
8548:
7985:
7973:
7961:
7755:
7703:
7653:
7641:
7322:
7310:
7175:
7148:
6957:
6758:
6454:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 57.
6163:
6127:
6115:
6103:
6091:
6079:
6043:
6031:
5971:
5959:
5947:
5845:
5833:
5806:
5650:
5638:
5605:
5572:
5507:
5447:
5396:
5375:
5342:
5296:
5229:
5114:
5064:
4511:. Many Shia fast on this day to show gratitude.
4047:from Muħammad and his descendants the 12 Imāms.
2477:
2221:from Muhammad and the Twelve Imams (especially
2191:called for the abolition of the western-backed
8659:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
8529:
7142:
7081:. 1987. pp. 176 – 181. Yale University Press.
6933:
6871:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMadelung1998 (
6693:
6522:
5884:"في أنّ أفعال العباد، ليست مخلوقة للّه سبحانه"
5258:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPakatchi1988 (
5133:
4219:, the largest Shi'a Muslim country, where the
3134:defined the infallibility of Muḥammad and the
2133:
1453:, comprising about 90% of all Shīas. The term
10536:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
9886:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
8980:
8579:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Leaman, Oliver (2001).
8534:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Paragon House.
8163:Ahl Al-Bayt The Celestial Beings on the Earth
7678:Mahmood, Shabnam; Nye, Catrin (13 May 2013).
7493:"تکليف،تقليد و انتخاب مرجع تقليد براي بانوان"
7294:
7292:
6481:Religious Schools and Sects in Medieval Islam
6188:
6186:
6184:
5438:
5421:
5419:
5417:
4873:
3993:Muhammad until the time of Umar as the verse
3924:
3757:Several senior Grand Ayatollahs preside over
3423:in preparation for prayer (which consists of
3276:(Fasting) – fasting during the holy month of
2889:
2886:), but instead carry out Muhammad's message.
1856:
1399:
803:
8956:An article by Encyclopædia Britannica online
8876:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1986).
8867:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1982).
8858:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1984).
8841:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1983).
8562:Shiʻism doctrines, thought, and spirituality
8425:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
6653:International Journal of Middle East Studies
6308:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMartin2003 (
6268:THE Sunni Ulema's Condemnation of Abu Hanifa
5430:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMartin2003 (
4804:
4802:
4081:
3310:(Pilgrimage) – performing the pilgrimage to
1816:is a reference to the Twelver belief in the
1765:The Twelvers are also known by other names:
11634:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
8530:Murata, Sachiko; Chittick, William (1994).
8138:
6919:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJasim1982 (
6901:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAlgar1990 (
6852:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAlgar1990 (
6754:
6752:
6420:
6328:
5408:
5165:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMomen2015 (
2348:
2030:Jurisprudencial and theological development
1919:
11655:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
9007:
8987:
8973:
8578:
7677:
7587:
7585:
7414:
7289:
7113:Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World
6618:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
6532:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
6234:
6232:
6181:
5919:
5459:
5414:
4974:"Imperialism and Divide & Rule Policy"
4146:. Please do not remove this message until
3901:
3163:
3063:According to Twelvers the Islamic prophet
1406:
1392:
810:
796:
8766:
8719:Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia
8676:Islam religion, history, and civilization
8354:
8212:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
8159:
8091:Muslim Information Service of Australia.
8030:"The Significance of Hari Raya Aidiladha"
7159:
7157:
6885:
6836:
6824:
5179:
4799:
4392:Learn how and when to remove this message
4166:Learn how and when to remove this message
3235:
2841:(infallibility), ilm (divine knowledge),
11257:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
9796:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
8711:
8509:
8401:Shi'a Islam: from religion to revolution
8184:
7805:
6866:
6749:
6474:
6334:
5729:
5618:Lakhani, Shah Kazemi & Lewisohn 2006
5542:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5253:
4749:Journal of Research in Economic Modeling
4142:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3859:In the early 1990s, the leading marja',
3514:the profit or the surplus of the income.
3160:to hide the birth of his son, al-Mahdi.
2981:
2800:
2464:
2411:According to the mystic and philosopher
2361:
2336:
2079:
1469:), and their belief that the last Imam,
11480:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
8788:
8695:Islamic spirituality : foundations
8433:
8335:
8314:
8292:
8278:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers.
8273:
7731:(translated by Aftab Shahryar) (2004).
7715:
7629:
7617:
7582:
7459:
7098:
7053:
7041:
6993:
6981:
6945:
6800:
6728:
6687:
6611:
6378:
6229:
6151:
6139:
6067:
6055:
5821:
5782:
5770:
5758:
5710:
5674:
5662:
5560:
5536:
5351:
5319:
5317:
5308:
5284:
5272:
5241:
5206:
4809:Sawe, Benjamin Elisha (25 April 2017).
4073:"infallibility" to the Twelve Imāms or
4000:
3958:literally, "marriage of pleasure"), or
3201:
2967:
2740:, who took the revelation to Muhammad.
2202:
1787:. The term is derived from the name of
14:
12546:
10837:
10480:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
8678:. Pymble, NSW: HarperCollins e-books.
8471:
8373:
8251:
8047:
7467:"The Importance of Ijtihad and Taqlid"
7199:
7154:
7029:
7017:
7005:
6969:
6812:
6646:
6586:
6555:
6551:
6549:
6504:
6447:
6303:
6238:
5910:, by Sayyid Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi, p. 14.
5686:
5425:
5100:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNasr (
4927:"Talaq rights proposed for Shia women"
4568:List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam
3761:(religious seminaries). The hawzas of
3604:
2443:
10556:
9629:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
9006:
8968:
8903:
8889:. London: Islamic Centre of England.
8884:
8747:
8738:
8490:
8226:
8207:
8093:"Eid al – Adha Festival of Sacrifice"
8053:
7937:
7925:
7913:
7901:
7889:
7877:
7865:
7853:
7841:
7829:
7817:
7793:
7562:
7511:"List of Maraji (Updated) as of 2017"
7382:
7370:
7223:
7211:
6915:
6897:
6848:
6393:
6342:Atlas of the Islamic World Since 1500
6175:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5698:
5548:
5525:
5495:
5363:
5160:
5127:
5083:
4900:"Shia women too can initiate divorce"
4793:
4781:
4638:List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam
3179:
2786:
2376:
1903:had an important role in forming the
8994:
8931:A brief introduction of Twelve Imams
8750:Islam: Faith, Practice & History
8692:
8673:
8635:
8616:
8597:
8495:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
8396:
7949:
7358:
7346:
7334:
7298:
7283:
7187:
7163:
7136:
7065:
6322:
6019:
6007:
5995:
5983:
5817:
5815:
5794:
5593:
5519:
5483:
5471:
5323:
5314:
5217:
4876:"Six Charts that Explain Shia Islam"
4808:
4411:(عيد الفطر), which marks the end of
4330:adding citations to reliable sources
4301:
4116:
3800:. The most prominent among them are
3640:
2092:
11268:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
8878:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān
8869:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān
8860:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān
8843:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān
8816:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn
8010:from the original on 11 August 2019
7666:Mut'ah from Encyclopædia Britannica
7433:
6546:
6291:S. V. Mir Ali/Ayatollah Mahdi Puya
5186:. Infobase Publishing. p. 64.
4719:
4702:
4557:
4113:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
3951:
3718:Obedience to, or "imitation" of, a
3467:
2920:and sinless and must come from the
2428:
2420:
2314:next to or above other beings; God
2231:the occultation of the twelfth Imam
2034:
1991:Al-Mufid was a Twelver theologian,
1704:), in rejecting the possibility of
1695:
1596:
1575:
1555:
1509:
1482:
1466:
1446:
1426:
24:
8139:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1994).
7591:
7485:
6696:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
6587:Szanto, Edith (9 September 2020).
6484:. Variorum Reprints. p. 414.
6239:Gleave, Robert (2004). "Imamate".
5716:
3473:
3141:
2934:in particular, that he considered
2912:, a principle by which rulers are
2693:
2318:Being; the absolute act of Being (
2087:
2066:the invasion of Mongols to Baghdad
1783:which is followed by Twelvers and
25:
12600:
11640:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
8924:
8768:Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein
7563:Bazzi, Mohamad (12 August 2014).
7420:
7259:Challenges Facing Islamic Banking
7247:Glossary of Islamic Banking Terms
6293:Commentary of Quran Verse 2: 124.
5812:
5046:United States Department of State
3304:("Fifth" of one's savings) – tax.
3079:under the theological concept of
2499:Holiest sites in Twelver Shi'ism
2456:Justice in Religious Dispensation
2434:
1924:
11658:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
9880:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
9752:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
9430:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
8726:from the original on 5 July 2022
8084:
8022:
7997:
7991:
7979:
7967:
7955:
7943:
7931:
7919:
7907:
7895:
7883:
7871:
7859:
7847:
7835:
7823:
7811:
7799:
7787:
7774:
7761:
7749:
7721:
7709:
7697:
7671:
7659:
7647:
7635:
7623:
7611:
7528:
7503:
7364:
7352:
7340:
7328:
7316:
7304:
7277:
7264:
7252:
7240:
7228:
7217:
7205:
7193:
7181:
7169:
7130:
7104:
7092:
7071:
7059:
7047:
7035:
7023:
7011:
6999:
6987:
6975:
6963:
6951:
6939:
6927:
6909:
6891:
6830:
6818:
6806:
6794:
6785:
6776:
6640:
6605:
6580:
6516:
6498:
6468:
6441:
6414:
6387:
6381:Leadership by Divine Appointment
6372:
6316:
6297:
6285:
6273:
6257:
6220:
6211:
5180:Wynbrandt, James (14 May 2014).
5095:
4306:
4121:
3752:
3098:claims that the purification of
2926:regardless of majority opinion,
2865:. The twelfth and final Imam is
1375:
844:
779:
12205:United Submitters International
11489:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
10867:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
10220:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
8908:. University of Georgia Press.
8748:Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad (2004).
8739:Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad (1992).
8126:. Fyzee (3rd ed.). WOFIS.
7542:from the original on 2018-08-19
7536:"Another list of Maraji (2017)"
7469:. Shah e Mardan. Archived from
6612:Fischer, Michael M. J. (2003).
6427:. Nova Publishers. p. 17.
6169:
6157:
6145:
6133:
6121:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6073:
6061:
6049:
6037:
6025:
6013:
6001:
5989:
5977:
5965:
5953:
5941:
5932:
5913:
5901:
5876:
5851:
5839:
5827:
5800:
5788:
5776:
5764:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5644:
5632:
5623:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5578:
5566:
5554:
5513:
5501:
5489:
5477:
5465:
5453:
5402:
5369:
5357:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5266:
5247:
5235:
5223:
5211:
5200:
5183:A Brief History of Saudi Arabia
5173:
5154:
5108:
5089:
5077:
5058:
5034:
5015:
4990:
4966:
4940:
4708:
4691:
4449:or Remembrance of Muharram and
4317:needs additional citations for
4069:Attributing the concept of the
3507:as the representative of Imam.
3214:
2793:Imamah (Shi'a Twelver doctrine)
2474:refers to getting back to God.
2244:
12499:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
11517:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
10230:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
10225:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
9883:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
9504:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
8774:. Oxford University Press US.
8472:Leaman, Oliver (2006). "Aya".
7782:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
6421:Malbouisson, Cofie D. (2007).
6198:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
4919:
4892:
4867:
4853:
4828:
4787:
4775:
4736:
4633:List of Shia Islamic dynasties
4585:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
4419:and falls on the first day of
3896:
3548:"spoils of war" or "war booty"
3493:purification of one's wealth.
3369:Shahada (declaration of faith)
1878:
1851:
1739:
1548:esoteric meaning of the Qur'an
478:Other related sects and groups
13:
1:
11931:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
10257:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
8693:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008).
8674:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007).
8638:Ideals and realities of Islam
8636:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2000).
8617:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2006).
8602:. Pymble, NSW: PerfectBound.
8598:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2002).
8581:History of Islamic Philosophy
8355:Donaldson, Dwight M. (1933).
7986:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
7974:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
7962:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
7756:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
7704:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
7654:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
7642:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
7441:"Taqlid: Meaning and Reality"
7323:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
7311:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
7235:Surah 8. Spoils Of War, Booty
7149:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
6958:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
6759:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
6451:Islamic Beliefs and Practices
6281:Shi'ism: Imamate and Wilayat.
6164:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
6128:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
6104:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
6044:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
6032:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5972:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5960:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5948:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5846:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5834:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5651:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5639:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5606:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5573:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5508:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
5448:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5397:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
5376:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988
5297:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
5230:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989
4679:
4521:, the occasion when Muhammad
4429:, which marks the end of the
2759:
2493:
2385:), and religious governance (
1910:
11619:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
11560:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
11541:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
10559:Islamic schools and branches
9394:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
9299:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
8655:Nasr; Dabashi; Nasr (1989).
8274:Cornell, Vincent J. (2007).
8185:Arjomand, Said Amir (1988).
7771:Norton, (2006), pp. 74 – 75.
7116:. Marshall Cavendish. 2011.
4811:"Shia Islam's Holiest Sites"
4729:
4178:The first Shi'a regime, the
3921:comprehending, the truth. "
2478:Predestination and Free Will
1861:
1449:), is the largest branch of
1207:Bektashism and folk religion
767:Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism
506:Bektashism and folk religion
7:
11551:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
10247:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
9604:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
9539:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
8714:"Ja'far al-Sadiq (a), Imam"
8476:. New York, NY: Routledge.
8474:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia
8193:. Oxford University Press.
8160:Ansariyan, Hussein (2007).
6226:Corbin (1993), pp. 45 – 51.
4658:Persecution of Shia Muslims
4610:
4297:
4189:This changed with the 1979
4148:conditions to do so are met
4088:Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi
3386:a person to become a Muslim
3094:From historical viewpoint,
2134:Akhbari-Usuli controversies
1945:affected Shia theologians.
1890:. Al-Baqir narrated many a
1820:of the Imāms. Although the
1493:
1467:ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر
1432:
10:
12605:
12302:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
11747:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
11500:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
11178:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
10662:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
9918:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
9549:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
9509:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
9334:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
8944:Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei
8904:Weiss, Bernard G. (2006).
8826:(translator). SUNY press.
8752:. Ansariyan Publications.
8321:. Transaction Publishers.
8166:. Ansariyan Publications.
8111:
6934:Murata & Chittick 1994
6647:Szanto, Edith (May 2012).
6379:Sheriff, Ahmed H. (1991).
6264:Shirazi, Sultanu'l-Wa'izin
4648:List of Shia Muslims flags
4561:
4266:
4110:
4098:of the Jurisprudence, and
4004:
3928:
3925:Mut'ah: Temporary marriage
3905:
3672:believe that the study of
3644:
3626:
3608:
3593:
3578:
3477:
3454:
3450:
3403:
3372:
3239:
3145:
3027:
2971:
2908:, Shi'ites believe in the
2893:
2890:The Succession to Muhammad
2797:Walayah (Twelver doctrine)
2790:
2777:
2248:
2206:
2172:
1857:Twelver imams amongst Shia
1840:
1836:
1779:refers exclusively to the
1743:
762:List of Twelver Shia books
29:
12493:
12446:
12398:
12352:
12242:
12229:
12168:
12065:
12008:
11991:
11878:
11826:
11817:
11756:
11673:
11607:
11584:
11531:
11451:
11436:
11366:
11233:
11076:
10940:
10915:
10891:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
10828:
10728:
10578:
10569:
10565:
10552:
10526:
10471:
10418:
10314:
10307:
10265:
10235:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
10195:
10053:
9950:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
9898:
9868:
9775:
9743:
9684:
9642:
9463:
9417:
9404:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
9379:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
9229:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
9168:
9159:
9127:
9099:
9066:
9038:
9031:
9027:
9002:
8906:The Spirit of Islamic Law
8434:Kraemer, Joel L. (1992).
8063:. Routledge. p. 75.
6708:10.1017/S0022463408000052
6665:10.1017/S0020743812000050
5330:دائره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی
5140:. McFarland. p. 25.
4880:American Security Project
4479:(central Iraq) to Shaam (
4082:Akhbari and Usuli schools
4031:. The difference between
3887:Marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq
3854:Marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq
3437:. Hence many Shīʻa use a
3399:
2916:who are divinely chosen,
2861:, who was the brother of
1929:During tenth century and
1802:schools of jurisprudence.
1622:; a sizeable minority in
658:Other hadith collections
638:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
11920:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
10795:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
10409:The Moderation in Belief
10290:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
10028:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
9599:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
9529:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
8712:Pakatchi, Ahmad (2019).
8338:A history of Shi'i Islam
8336:Daftary, Farhad (2013).
7735:. Islamic Book Service.
7397:"Ask a Question. Marja'"
6526:; Goldberg, Ori (2014).
4861:Atlas of the Middle East
4684:
4491:, 40 days after Ashurah.
4202:Islamic Republic of Iran
4075:The Fourteen Infallibles
3966:which, according to the
3589:
3246:Ancillaries of the Faith
3023:
2710:
2399:
2349:Tawhid of the attributes
2150:Muhammad Baqir Behbahani
1920:Crisis and consolidation
1830:the Fourteen Infallibles
1354:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
66:The Fourteen Infallibles
12377:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
11773:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
11691:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
11463:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
10402:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
10360:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
10215:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
9619:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
9524:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
9514:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
9354:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
9309:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
9244:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
8315:Dabashi, Hamid (2006).
8227:Campo, Juan E. (2009).
6771:al-Shaykh al-Saduq 1982
6744:al-Shaykh al-Saduq 1982
6424:Focus on Islamic Issues
6394:Rizvi, Kishwar (2017).
4761:10.29252/jemr.10.37.105
4523:announced Ali's imamate
3902:Dissimulation (Taqiyya)
3842:Muhammad Saeed al-Hakim
3802:Hossein Vahid Khorasani
3633:Forbidding what is evil
3629:Commanding what is just
3574:
3346:Forbidding what is evil
3340:Commanding what is just
3164:The day of resurrection
2621:Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque
1828:that together comprise
1550:. The words and deeds (
1497:) and will reappear as
692:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
662:Book of Sulaym ibn Qays
12049:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
11631:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
11124:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
10619:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
10280:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
10275:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
10210:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
10170:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
10155:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
9835:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
9830:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
9589:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
9499:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
9494:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
9479:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
9349:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
9314:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
9239:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
8887:Shia political thought
8845:. Vol. 1. WOFIS.
8491:Momen, Moojan (1985).
8208:Black, Antony (2011).
6560:(81). Brill: 153–164.
6400:. BRILL. p. 101.
5920:Nasr & Leaman 1996
5460:Nasr & Leaman 2001
4874:John Bugnacki (2014).
4581:Muhammad Baqir Majlisi
4244:
3876:Supreme Leader of Iran
3826:Hossein Noori Hamedani
3822:Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi
3810:Mousa Shubairi Zanjani
3332:". Writing the truth (
3236:Shari'ah (Furu al-Din)
3106:—is guaranteed by the
3008:Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque
3002:
2904:With the exception of
2896:Succession to Muhammad
2817:
2633:Bab al-Saghir Cemetery
2597:Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque
2404:Contrary to Tawhid is
2281:
1618:; half the Muslims in
1289:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
876:Succession to Muhammad
12584:Shia Islamic branches
12318:Wallace Fard Muhammad
11275:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
10782:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
10531:Early Muslim scholars
10339:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
9609:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
9359:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
9269:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
8885:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004).
8880:. Vol. 6. WOFIS.
8871:. Vol. 3. WOFIS.
8862:. Vol. 2. WOFIS.
8741:Khums, An Islamic Tax
8697:. London: Routledge.
8583:. London: Routledge.
8457:. World Wisdom, Inc.
8230:Encyclopedia of Islam
7733:Sahih Muslim Abridged
6791:Momen (1985), p. 174.
6448:Stefon, Matt (2009).
4653:List of Shia converts
4240:
4017:Ja'fari jurisprudence
4007:Ja'fari jurisprudence
3889:, "and his allies in
3861:Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei
3830:Abdollah Javadi-Amoli
3818:Naser Makarem Shirazi
3645:Further information:
3108:verse of purification
3075:are considered to be
2985:
2932:event of Ghadir Khumm
2804:
2756:are also among them.
2681:Fatima Masumeh Shrine
2465:Justice in Recompense
2362:Tawhid of Creatorship
2337:Tawhid of the Essence
2276:
2227:the Battle of Karbala
2173:Further information:
2080:School of Jabal 'Amil
1951:Abu Sahl Al-Nawbakhti
1843:History of Shia Islam
1679:belief in the Imamate
1599:), through Muhammad.
1382:Shia Islam portal
1008:Verse of purification
855:Beliefs and practices
786:Shia Islam portal
221:Imamate of the Family
11969:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
11764:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
10954:Theology of Twelvers
10799:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
10346:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
10145:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
9544:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
9534:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
9519:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
9339:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
9304:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
9294:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
9289:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
9264:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
8960:Twelver Media Source
7729:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
5713:, pp. 21 and 22
5311:, pp. 73 and 74
4643:List of Shia Muslims
4601:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
4447:Mourning of Muharram
4415:during the month of
4326:improve this article
4269:Marja' (Islamic law)
4217:constitution of Iran
4023:is derived from the
4001:Jurisprudence (Fiqh)
3379:Declaration of faith
3358:and their followers.
3202:The day of judgement
3060:, through Muhammad.
2968:Ziyarat and Tawassul
2209:Theology of Twelvers
2203:Theological doctrine
1847:Origin of Shia Islam
1528:theology of Twelvers
1304:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
983:Mourning of Muharram
913:Mourning of Muharram
677:Reality of Certainty
353:Mourning of Muharram
231:Mourning of Muharram
27:Branch of Shia Islam
12198:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
11945:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
11917:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
11715:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
11377:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
10684:Other Salafi trends
10513:Musta'li Isma'ilism
10429:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
9820:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
9584:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
9234:Zakariyya al-Ansari
8235:Infobase Publishing
8180:on October 6, 2014.
7473:on 17 December 2012
7427:Die Welt des Islams
7301:, pp. 91–96–97
6888:, pp. 334, 335
6869:, p. 15 and 51
6782:Nasr (1979), p. 10.
6266:. Peshawar Nights.
6217:Nasr (1979), p. 15.
5163:, p. chapter 2
4948:"Obama's Overtures"
4551:Umar ibn Al Khattab
4135:of this article is
3867:, "emerged" as the
3814:Sayyid Sadeq Rohani
3605:Tawalla and Tabarra
3520:mines and minerals.
3421:purification ritual
2657:Al-Kadhimiya Mosque
2525:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
2500:
2444:Justice in Creation
2288:Sayyid Haydar Amuli
1526:. According to the
1319:Ruqayya bint Husayn
1226:Extinct Shi'a sects
946:Days of remembrance
933:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage
928:The Four Companions
358:Arba'een Pilgrimage
12497:Other scholars of
12388:Islamic modernists
12362:Modernist Salafism
12018:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
11977:Abdullah ibn Saba'
11912:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
11797:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
11785:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
11776:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
11707:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
11029:Astarabadi (Naimi)
10759:Abdullah al-Harari
10713:Muhammad bin Dawud
10646:Syed Nazeer Husain
10381:Tabsirat al-Adilla
10295:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
10130:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
9977:Syed Nazeer Husain
9900:Salafi Theologians
9652:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
9624:Muhammad Abu Zahra
9409:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
9259:Abdul Qadir Gilani
8940:Shi'a Islam (book)
8359:. Burleigh Press.
8120:al-Shaykh al-Saduq
8095:. Missionislam.com
7952:, pp. 102–105
7892:, pp. 104–105
7769:The Shia Revival,
7499:on 9 January 2008.
7349:, pp. 264–267
7325:, pp. 275–278
7214:, pp. 179–180
7044:, pp. 133–134
7020:, pp. 198–705
6996:, pp. 122–124
6984:, pp. 159–164
6746:, pp. 151–152
6731:, pp. 155–156
6325:, pp. 144–145
6178:, pp. 678–679
6154:, pp. 110–112
6046:, pp. 130–131
6034:, pp. 128–129
5998:, pp. 579–581
5922:, pp. 253–258
5888:Research.rafed.net
5863:Arabic.al-shia.org
5486:, pp. 106–108
5474:, pp. 100–101
5399:, pp. 284–285
5378:, pp. 234–235
5299:, pp. 151–152
5275:, pp. 221–222
5232:, pp. 148–149
5098:, pp. 143–144
5027:2008-12-17 at the
4908:. November 6, 2006
4905:The Times of India
4628:List of Shia books
4593:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
4589:Al-Shaykh al-Saduq
4548:Rashidun caliphate
4463:Yazid ibn Muawiyah
4253:'Ali ibn Abi Talib
4193:where the Twelver
4191:Iranian Revolution
3962:, is a fixed-time
3838:Muhammad al-Fayadh
3561:al-ghunm bil-ghurm
3532:the spoils of war.
3298:means "to purify".
3180:The return (Raj'a)
3003:
2987:Imam Husayn Shrine
2954:two weighty things
2880:) nor messengers (
2818:
2787:Imamah and Walayah
2561:Imam Husayn Shrine
2537:Al-Haram al-Sharif
2498:
2377:Tawhid of Lordship
2371:causes and effects
2310:God. God is not a
2187:During the 1960s,
2179:Iranian Revolution
2138:By the end of the
2101:took the power in
1978:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
1937:was the center of
1905:Shia Jurisprudence
1756:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib
1701:Khatam an-Nabiyyin
1139:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
1066:Branches and sects
1013:Two weighty things
621:Hadith collections
12541:
12540:
12537:
12536:
12533:
12532:
12489:
12488:
12298:Muhammad Jaunpuri
12225:
12224:
12151:Sumāma ibn Ashras
11987:
11986:
11838:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
11813:
11812:
11683:Gaylān ibn Marwān
11580:
11579:
11432:
11431:
11095:Abdallah al-Aftah
10911:
10910:
10824:
10823:
10808:Necmettin Erbakan
10650:Siddiq Hasan Khan
10614:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
10548:
10547:
10544:
10543:
10522:
10521:
10462:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
10456:Tashih al-I'tiqad
10367:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
10303:
10302:
10285:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
10252:Idris Imad al-Din
10205:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
10180:Ruhollah Khomeini
10160:Zurarah ibn A'yan
10135:Sharif al-Murtaza
10123:Muhammad al-Mahdi
10108:Muhammad al-Jawad
10088:Muhammad al-Baqir
9989:Siddiq Hasan Khan
9965:Rabee al-Madkhali
9614:Murtada al-Zabidi
9389:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
9155:
9154:
8915:978-0-8203-2827-0
8896:978-1-904934-01-1
8807:978-1-86064-780-2
8794:Shah-Kazemi, Reza
8781:978-0-19-511915-2
8759:978-964-438-620-6
8704:978-0-415-44262-6
8685:978-0-06-155642-5
8666:978-0-585-07849-6
8647:978-1-930637-11-5
8628:978-0-7914-6799-2
8590:978-0-415-25934-7
8571:978-0-887-06689-4
8541:978-1-55778-516-9
8511:Motahari, Morteza
8502:978-0-300-03531-5
8464:978-1-933316-26-0
8445:978-90-04-09736-0
8412:978-1-55876-134-6
8366:978-0-404-18959-4
8347:978-0-85773-524-9
8307:978-0-88738-288-8
8285:978-0-275-98732-9
8244:978-0-8160-5454-1
8219:978-0-7486-3987-8
8173:978-964-438-873-6
8152:978-0-7914-2122-2
8070:978-0-415-21165-9
7784:, (1985), p. 193.
7447:. 20 January 2013
7087:978-0-300-03531-5
6625:978-0-299-18473-5
6539:978-1-107-04638-2
6491:978-0-86078-161-5
6476:Madelung, Wilferd
6461:978-1-61530-017-4
6434:978-1-60021-204-8
6407:978-90-04-35284-1
6336:Robinson, Francis
6279:Rizvi, Muhammad.
5324:Pakatchi, Ahmad.
4459:Battle of Karbala
4402:
4401:
4394:
4376:
4341:"Twelver Shi'ism"
4286:) the intellect (
4198:Ruhollah Khomeini
4176:
4175:
4168:
4011:Sources of sharia
3641:Clergy and taqlid
2999:Battle of Karbala
2962:Muhammad's family
2867:Muhammad al-Mahdi
2851:divine revelation
2691:
2690:
2585:Jannat al-Mu'alla
2413:Morteza Motahhari
2394:Morteza Motahhari
2261:Ali ibn Abi Talib
2235:Muhammad al-Mahdi
2189:Ruhollah Khomeini
2093:School of Isfahan
2070:ruling of Mongols
1982:Sharif al-Murtaza
1884:Muhammad Al-Baqir
1760:Muhammad al-Mahdi
1584:
1491:
1437:), also known as
1433:ʾIthnā ʿAshariyya
1427:ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة
1416:
1415:
1349:Fatimah bint Asad
1314:Fatima bint Hasan
1043:Battle of Karbala
820:
819:
716:and jurisprudence
323:Nahy ani l-Munkar
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
12596:
12579:Islam in Lebanon
12564:Islam in Bahrain
12240:
12239:
12006:
12005:
11824:
11823:
11800:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
11782:Awn ibn Abdullāh
11769:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
11739:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
11605:
11604:
11449:
11448:
11418:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
11387:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
11356:Khashabiyya Shia
11292:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
11250:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
11033:Imadaddin Nasimi
10938:
10937:
10835:
10834:
10706:Salafi Modernism
10609:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
10576:
10575:
10567:
10566:
10554:
10553:
10450:Awail Al Maqalat
10332:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
10312:
10311:
10242:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
10197:Isma'ili Shi'ism
10185:Wilayat al-faqih
10165:Hisham ibn Hakam
10150:Allamah Al-Hilli
9374:Muhammad Mayyara
9166:
9165:
9036:
9035:
9029:
9028:
9004:
9003:
8996:Islamic theology
8989:
8982:
8975:
8966:
8965:
8954:Ithna 'Ashariyah
8919:
8900:
8881:
8872:
8863:
8854:
8837:
8811:
8800:. I. B. Tauris.
8785:
8763:
8744:
8735:
8733:
8731:
8708:
8689:
8670:
8651:
8632:
8613:
8594:
8575:
8564:. Albany: SUNY.
8545:
8526:
8506:
8487:
8468:
8449:
8430:
8424:
8416:
8404:
8393:
8370:
8351:
8332:
8311:
8289:
8270:
8248:
8223:
8204:
8192:
8181:
8176:. Archived from
8156:
8135:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8088:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
7995:
7989:
7983:
7977:
7971:
7965:
7959:
7953:
7947:
7941:
7935:
7929:
7923:
7917:
7911:
7905:
7899:
7893:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7821:
7820:, pp. 10–11
7815:
7809:
7803:
7797:
7791:
7785:
7778:
7772:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7746:
7725:
7719:
7713:
7707:
7701:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7675:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7645:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7598:encyclopedia.com
7592:Gleave, Robert.
7589:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7560:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7538:. 22 July 2017.
7532:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7522:
7513:. Archived from
7507:
7501:
7500:
7495:. Archived from
7489:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7421:Peter, Rudolph.
7418:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7287:
7286:, pp. 94–95
7281:
7275:
7268:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7244:
7238:
7232:
7226:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7176:Tabataba'ei 1982
7173:
7167:
7166:, pp. 93–94
7161:
7152:
7146:
7140:
7139:, pp. 92–93
7134:
7128:
7127:
7108:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7075:
7069:
7068:, pp. 75–80
7063:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7039:
7033:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6943:
6937:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6895:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6846:
6840:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6816:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6792:
6789:
6783:
6780:
6774:
6768:
6762:
6756:
6747:
6741:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6593:The Conversation
6584:
6578:
6577:
6553:
6544:
6543:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6506:Galian, Laurence
6502:
6496:
6495:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6345:
6332:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6283:
6277:
6271:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6236:
6227:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6190:
6179:
6173:
6167:
6161:
6155:
6149:
6143:
6142:, pp. 67–68
6137:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6116:Tabataba'ei 1983
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6092:Tabataba'ei 1986
6089:
6083:
6080:Tabataba'ei 1984
6077:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6023:
6022:, pp. 583–5
6017:
6011:
6005:
5999:
5993:
5987:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5917:
5911:
5908:Need of Religion
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5810:
5807:Tabataba'ei 1979
5804:
5798:
5792:
5786:
5780:
5774:
5768:
5762:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5732:
5727:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5665:, pp. 20–30
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5436:
5435:
5423:
5412:
5409:Amir-Moezzi 1994
5406:
5400:
5394:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5321:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5115:Tabataba'ei 1975
5112:
5106:
5105:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5067:, pp. 74–75
5065:Tabatabae'i 1975
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5038:
5032:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4806:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4740:
4723:
4721:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4695:
4558:Notable scholars
4397:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4334:
4310:
4302:
4213:not all Twelvers
4171:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4151:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4064:Uthman ibn Affan
3953:
3846:Bashir al-Najafi
3469:
3425:washing the face
3132:Islamic calendar
3128:Islamic calendar
3096:Wilferd Madelung
3073:the Twelve Imams
3052:esoteric meaning
2940:the twelve Imams
2750:Munkar and Nakir
2669:Al-Askari Mosque
2645:Imam Reza Shrine
2501:
2497:
2430:
2422:
2265:Islamic theology
2193:monarchy in Iran
2183:Islamic Republic
2035:School of Hillah
1967:Anthropomorphism
1781:Juridical school
1758:and ending with
1697:
1598:
1579:
1577:
1557:
1532:Muslim community
1511:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1468:
1459:the Twelve Imams
1448:
1435:
1428:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1379:
1359:Ruqayya bint Ali
1334:Fatima bint Musa
848:
839:
833:
832:
822:
821:
812:
805:
798:
784:
783:
687:Mafatih al-Jinan
672:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa
643:Tahdhib al-Ahkam
246:Wilayat al-Faqih
71:
70:
41:
40:
21:
12604:
12603:
12599:
12598:
12597:
12595:
12594:
12593:
12554:Twelver Shi'ism
12544:
12543:
12542:
12529:
12485:
12442:
12413:Ahmed Raza Khan
12394:
12348:
12338:Fethullah Gülen
12313:Nation of Islam
12234:
12231:
12221:
12164:
12141:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
12069:
12061:
11999:
11995:
11983:
11904:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
11874:
11809:
11794:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
11752:
11669:
11598:
11595:
11592:
11588:
11576:
11527:
11440:
11428:
11362:
11236:
11229:
11197:Hassan-i Sabbah
11080:
11072:
10944:
10931:
10927:
10923:
10919:
10907:
10872:Hasan al-Utrush
10820:
10786:Ahmed Raza Khan
10732:
10724:
10631:Dawud al-Zahiri
10582:
10561:
10540:
10518:
10467:
10414:
10374:Kitab al-Tawhid
10299:
10261:
10191:
10118:Hasan al-Askari
10093:Ja'far al-Sadiq
10055:Twelver Shi'ism
10049:
10021:Salafi Jihadism
10016:Osama bin Laden
9999:Safar Al-Hawali
9960:Saleh Al-Fawzan
9894:
9864:
9857:Sahib ibn Abbad
9852:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
9817:Ja'far ibn Harb
9782:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
9779:
9771:
9739:
9700:ī (Muqātilīyya)
9680:
9638:
9594:Shah Abdul Aziz
9467:
9459:
9413:
9399:Ahmad al-Dardir
9284:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
9172:
9151:
9123:
9095:
9062:
9023:
9022:
8998:
8993:
8927:
8922:
8916:
8897:
8834:
8808:
8790:Sobhani, Ja'far
8782:
8760:
8729:
8727:
8705:
8686:
8667:
8648:
8629:
8610:
8591:
8572:
8542:
8517:. Mizan Press.
8503:
8484:
8465:
8446:
8418:
8417:
8413:
8377:Islamic Studies
8367:
8348:
8329:
8308:
8286:
8276:Voices of Islam
8267:
8245:
8220:
8201:
8174:
8153:
8114:
8109:
8108:
8098:
8096:
8089:
8085:
8075:
8073:
8071:
8055:Elias, Jamal J.
8052:
8048:
8038:
8036:
8028:
8027:
8023:
8013:
8011:
7998:Barr, Sabrina.
7996:
7992:
7984:
7980:
7972:
7968:
7960:
7956:
7948:
7944:
7936:
7932:
7924:
7920:
7912:
7908:
7900:
7896:
7888:
7884:
7876:
7872:
7864:
7860:
7852:
7848:
7840:
7836:
7828:
7824:
7816:
7812:
7804:
7800:
7792:
7788:
7779:
7775:
7766:
7762:
7754:
7750:
7743:
7726:
7722:
7714:
7710:
7702:
7698:
7688:
7686:
7676:
7672:
7664:
7660:
7652:
7648:
7640:
7636:
7628:
7624:
7616:
7612:
7602:
7600:
7590:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7561:
7554:
7545:
7543:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7520:
7518:
7509:
7508:
7504:
7491:
7490:
7486:
7476:
7474:
7465:
7464:
7460:
7450:
7448:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7419:
7415:
7405:
7403:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7381:
7377:
7369:
7365:
7357:
7353:
7345:
7341:
7333:
7329:
7321:
7317:
7309:
7305:
7297:
7290:
7282:
7278:
7269:
7265:
7257:
7253:
7245:
7241:
7233:
7229:
7222:
7218:
7210:
7206:
7198:
7194:
7186:
7182:
7174:
7170:
7162:
7155:
7147:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7124:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7097:
7093:
7077:Momen, Moojan.
7076:
7072:
7064:
7060:
7052:
7048:
7040:
7036:
7028:
7024:
7016:
7012:
7004:
7000:
6992:
6988:
6980:
6976:
6968:
6964:
6956:
6952:
6944:
6940:
6932:
6928:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6884:
6880:
6870:
6865:
6861:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6835:
6831:
6823:
6819:
6811:
6807:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6786:
6781:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6757:
6750:
6742:
6735:
6727:
6723:
6692:
6688:
6645:
6641:
6626:
6610:
6606:
6597:
6595:
6585:
6581:
6566:10.2307/1596023
6558:Studia Islamica
6554:
6547:
6540:
6521:
6517:
6503:
6499:
6492:
6473:
6469:
6462:
6446:
6442:
6435:
6419:
6415:
6408:
6392:
6388:
6377:
6373:
6366:
6333:
6329:
6321:
6317:
6307:
6302:
6298:
6290:
6286:
6278:
6274:
6262:
6258:
6251:
6237:
6230:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6212:
6203:
6201:
6192:
6191:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6162:
6158:
6150:
6146:
6138:
6134:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6102:
6098:
6090:
6086:
6078:
6074:
6066:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6042:
6038:
6030:
6026:
6018:
6014:
6006:
6002:
5994:
5990:
5982:
5978:
5970:
5966:
5958:
5954:
5946:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5906:
5902:
5892:
5890:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5867:
5865:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5832:
5828:
5820:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5793:
5789:
5781:
5777:
5769:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5728:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5697:
5693:
5685:
5681:
5673:
5669:
5661:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5633:
5628:
5624:
5616:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5583:
5579:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5543:
5535:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5458:
5454:
5446:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5415:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5382:
5374:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5332:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5303:
5295:
5291:
5283:
5279:
5271:
5267:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5240:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5132:
5128:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5050:
5048:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5029:Wayback Machine
5020:
5016:
5007:
5005:
5004:. 21 April 2008
4996:
4995:
4991:
4982:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4958:
4956:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4911:
4909:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4884:
4882:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4755:(37): 105–138.
4741:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4713:
4709:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4613:
4570:
4560:
4398:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4335:
4333:
4323:
4311:
4300:
4275:
4265:
4180:Safavid dynasty
4172:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4141:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4109:
4084:
4013:
4005:Main articles:
4003:
3936:Nikāḥ al-Mut'ah
3933:
3927:
3910:
3904:
3899:
3869:marja al-mutlaq
3857:
3755:
3653:
3643:
3635:
3627:Main articles:
3625:
3617:
3609:Main articles:
3607:
3598:
3592:
3583:
3577:
3502:
3486:
3478:Main articles:
3476:
3474:Khums and zakah
3459:
3453:
3416:
3404:Main articles:
3402:
3381:
3373:Main articles:
3371:
3334:jihād bil qalam
3248:
3240:Main articles:
3238:
3217:
3204:
3182:
3166:
3158:Hasan al-Askari
3150:
3148:The occultation
3144:
3142:The occultation
3102:—the family of
3067:, his daughter
3032:
3026:
2980:
2972:Main articles:
2970:
2898:
2892:
2799:
2791:Main articles:
2789:
2780:
2762:
2754:Harut and Marut
2713:
2699:Ja'far al-Sadiq
2696:
2694:The Prophethood
2609:Al Abbas Mosque
2549:Imam Ali Shrine
2513:Masjid al-Haram
2496:
2480:
2467:
2458:
2446:
2437:
2402:
2379:
2364:
2351:
2339:
2253:
2247:
2211:
2205:
2197:1979 revolution
2185:
2171:
2136:
2111:Shaykh al-Islam
2107:Safavid dynasty
2105:and set up the
2095:
2090:
2088:Rising to power
2082:
2064:collapsed with
2062:Abbasid dynasty
2037:
2032:
1961:, particularly
1949:, particularly
1927:
1922:
1913:
1901:Ja'far al-Sadiq
1881:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1789:Ja'far al-Sadiq
1748:
1742:
1521:Islamic prophet
1419:Twelver Shīʿism
1412:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1299:Zaynab bint Ali
1279:
1271:
1270:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1144:Sulaymani Bohra
1068:
1058:
1057:
1028:Fatimah's house
1003:
993:
992:
948:
938:
937:
856:
835:
834:
826:
825:
816:
778:
773:
772:
771:
756:
748:
747:
746:
732:The Infallibles
717:
705:
704:
703:
682:Nahj al-Balagha
654:
622:
614:
613:
612:
557:
549:
548:
547:
479:
471:
470:
469:
437:
429:
428:
427:
377:
369:
368:
367:
347:
346:Other practices
339:
338:
337:
318:Amr bi-l maʿrūf
282:
272:
271:
270:
215:
207:
206:
205:
175:
165:
164:
68:
57:Twelver Shi'ism
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12602:
12592:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12539:
12538:
12535:
12534:
12531:
12530:
12528:
12527:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12494:
12491:
12490:
12487:
12486:
12484:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12452:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12441:
12440:
12435:
12434:
12433:
12428:
12419:
12404:
12402:
12396:
12395:
12393:
12392:
12391:
12390:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12367:Muhammad Abduh
12358:
12356:
12350:
12349:
12347:
12346:
12345:
12344:
12326:
12325:
12324:
12310:
12309:
12308:
12290:
12289:
12288:
12271:
12270:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12248:
12246:
12237:
12227:
12226:
12223:
12222:
12220:
12219:
12218:
12217:
12212:
12210:Rashad Khalifa
12202:
12201:
12200:
12195:
12193:Muhammad Iqbal
12185:
12180:
12174:
12172:
12166:
12165:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12160:
12154:
12153:
12152:
12146:
12145:
12144:
12143:
12142:
12136:
12133:
12127:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12121:
12120:
12111:
12110:
12109:
12101:
12100:
12099:
12098:
12097:
12092:
12084:
12077:
12075:
12063:
12062:
12060:
12059:
12046:
12044:Bektashi Order
12037:
12028:
12014:
12012:
12003:
11989:
11988:
11985:
11984:
11982:
11981:
11980:
11979:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11958:
11957:
11956:
11948:
11947:
11946:
11940:
11935:
11934:
11933:
11923:
11922:
11921:
11915:
11914:
11913:
11907:
11906:
11905:
11897:
11896:
11895:
11893:Abu al-Khattab
11884:
11882:
11876:
11875:
11873:
11872:
11871:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11851:Abū Hulmān al-
11844:
11841:
11840:
11839:
11832:
11830:
11821:
11815:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11808:
11807:
11806:Amr ibn Murrah
11804:
11803:Ahmad ibn Hārb
11801:
11798:
11795:
11792:
11791:Salm ibn Sālem
11789:
11786:
11783:
11780:
11777:
11774:
11771:
11766:
11760:
11758:
11754:
11753:
11751:
11750:
11749:
11748:
11742:
11741:
11740:
11734:
11733:
11732:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11723:Sāleh ibn Umar
11718:
11717:
11716:
11710:
11709:
11708:
11702:
11701:
11700:
11699:Gassān al-Kūfī
11694:
11693:
11692:
11686:
11685:
11684:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11670:
11668:
11667:
11666:
11665:
11662:
11659:
11656:
11653:
11650:
11647:
11644:
11641:
11638:
11635:
11632:
11629:
11626:
11623:
11620:
11613:
11611:
11602:
11582:
11581:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11574:
11569:
11568:
11567:
11557:
11548:
11546:Jābir ibn Zayd
11543:
11537:
11535:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11525:
11524:
11523:
11514:
11504:
11503:
11502:
11492:
11491:
11490:
11484:
11483:
11482:
11472:
11471:
11470:
11467:
11464:
11457:
11455:
11446:
11434:
11433:
11430:
11429:
11427:
11426:
11421:
11420:
11419:
11414:Tawussite Shia
11411:
11410:
11409:
11395:
11394:
11393:
11379:
11373:
11371:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11360:
11359:
11358:
11353:
11352:
11351:
11346:
11345:
11344:
11339:
11338:
11337:
11332:
11317:
11316:
11315:
11297:
11296:
11295:
11294:
11293:
11287:
11286:
11285:
11282:
11281:
11280:
11277:
11269:
11254:
11253:
11252:
11241:
11239:
11231:
11230:
11228:
11227:
11226:
11225:
11216:
11203:
11189:
11188:
11187:
11175:
11174:
11173:
11168:
11167:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11136:
11135:
11134:
11117:
11099:
11098:
11097:
11086:
11084:
11074:
11073:
11071:
11070:
11069:
11068:
11059:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11026:
11008:
11007:
11006:
10980:
10979:
10978:
10973:
10972:
10971:
10966:
10950:
10948:
10935:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10906:
10905:
10904:
10903:
10898:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10884:Imams of Yemen
10881:
10879:Yahya ibn Umar
10876:
10875:
10874:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10843:
10841:
10832:
10826:
10825:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10817:
10816:
10815:
10814:
10805:
10792:
10769:
10768:
10767:
10766:
10765:
10751:
10740:
10738:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10709:
10708:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10681:
10680:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10654:
10653:
10652:
10633:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10601:
10600:
10599:
10590:
10588:
10573:
10563:
10562:
10550:
10549:
10546:
10545:
10542:
10541:
10539:
10538:
10533:
10527:
10524:
10523:
10520:
10519:
10517:
10516:
10505:
10494:
10487:Kitab al-Majmu
10483:
10475:
10473:
10469:
10468:
10466:
10465:
10458:
10453:
10446:
10439:
10432:
10424:
10422:
10416:
10415:
10413:
10412:
10405:
10398:
10391:
10384:
10377:
10370:
10363:
10356:
10349:
10342:
10335:
10328:
10325:Asas al-Taqdis
10320:
10318:
10309:
10305:
10304:
10301:
10300:
10298:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10271:
10269:
10263:
10262:
10260:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10238:
10237:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10201:
10199:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10177:
10175:Ja'far Sobhani
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10126:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10078:Husayn ibn Ali
10075:
10070:
10059:
10057:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10045:
10037:
10036:
10035:
10025:
10024:
10023:
10013:
10011:Salman al-Ouda
10008:
10007:
10006:
10004:Sahwa movement
9996:
9994:Zubair Ali Zai
9991:
9986:
9985:
9984:
9974:
9973:
9972:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9926:
9925:
9915:
9910:
9904:
9902:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9892:
9891:
9890:
9887:
9884:
9881:
9874:
9872:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9862:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9842:Al-Zamakhshari
9839:
9838:
9837:
9827:
9821:
9818:
9815:
9812:
9806:
9803:
9800:
9797:
9794:
9787:
9785:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9769:
9749:
9747:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9737:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9717:
9701:
9690:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9676:
9675:
9674:
9661:
9660:
9659:
9648:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9579:Ahmad Sirhindi
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9475:
9473:
9461:
9460:
9458:
9457:
9447:
9440:Malik ibn Anas
9437:
9426:
9424:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9204:Al-Shahrastani
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9180:
9178:
9163:
9157:
9156:
9153:
9152:
9150:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9133:
9131:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9105:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9072:
9070:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9044:
9042:
9033:
9025:
9024:
9021:
9020:
9017:
9012:
9008:
9000:
8999:
8992:
8991:
8984:
8977:
8969:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8951:
8946:
8933:
8926:
8925:External links
8923:
8921:
8920:
8914:
8901:
8895:
8882:
8873:
8864:
8855:
8838:
8832:
8812:
8806:
8786:
8780:
8764:
8758:
8745:
8736:
8709:
8703:
8690:
8684:
8671:
8665:
8652:
8646:
8633:
8627:
8621:. SUNY Press.
8614:
8608:
8595:
8589:
8576:
8570:
8554:Dabashi, Hamid
8546:
8540:
8527:
8507:
8501:
8488:
8482:
8469:
8463:
8450:
8444:
8431:
8411:
8394:
8371:
8365:
8352:
8346:
8333:
8327:
8312:
8306:
8294:Dabashi, Hamid
8290:
8284:
8271:
8265:
8249:
8243:
8224:
8218:
8205:
8199:
8182:
8172:
8157:
8151:
8145:. SUNY Press.
8136:
8124:A Shiite Creed
8115:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8083:
8069:
8046:
8021:
7990:
7978:
7966:
7954:
7942:
7930:
7918:
7906:
7894:
7882:
7870:
7858:
7846:
7834:
7822:
7810:
7798:
7786:
7773:
7760:
7748:
7741:
7720:
7708:
7696:
7670:
7658:
7646:
7634:
7622:
7610:
7581:
7552:
7527:
7502:
7484:
7458:
7432:
7413:
7387:
7385:, p. 143.
7375:
7363:
7351:
7339:
7327:
7315:
7303:
7288:
7276:
7263:
7251:
7239:
7227:
7216:
7204:
7192:
7180:
7178:, pp. 5–7
7168:
7153:
7141:
7129:
7122:
7103:
7091:
7070:
7058:
7046:
7034:
7022:
7010:
6998:
6986:
6974:
6962:
6950:
6938:
6926:
6908:
6890:
6886:Donaldson 1933
6878:
6859:
6841:
6837:Ansariyan 2007
6829:
6825:Donaldson 1933
6817:
6805:
6793:
6784:
6775:
6763:
6748:
6733:
6721:
6702:(1): 107–122.
6686:
6659:(2): 285–299.
6639:
6624:
6604:
6579:
6545:
6538:
6515:
6512:. p. 230.
6497:
6490:
6467:
6460:
6440:
6433:
6413:
6406:
6386:
6371:
6364:
6327:
6315:
6296:
6284:
6272:
6270:. Al-islam.org
6256:
6249:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6180:
6168:
6156:
6144:
6132:
6120:
6108:
6096:
6084:
6072:
6060:
6048:
6036:
6024:
6012:
6000:
5988:
5976:
5964:
5952:
5940:
5931:
5912:
5900:
5875:
5850:
5838:
5826:
5811:
5799:
5787:
5775:
5763:
5751:
5742:
5733:
5715:
5703:
5691:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5643:
5631:
5622:
5610:
5598:
5586:
5577:
5565:
5553:
5541:
5524:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5462:, p. 1047
5452:
5437:
5413:
5401:
5380:
5368:
5356:
5341:
5313:
5301:
5289:
5277:
5265:
5246:
5234:
5222:
5210:
5199:
5192:
5172:
5153:
5146:
5126:
5107:
5088:
5076:
5057:
5033:
5014:
5002:Indian Express
4989:
4965:
4939:
4918:
4891:
4866:
4852:
4827:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4707:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4564:List of marjas
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4541:
4530:
4515:Eid al-Ghadeer
4512:
4502:
4499:Rabi' al-awwal
4492:
4470:
4439:
4438:
4424:
4400:
4399:
4314:
4312:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4264:
4261:
4225:Islamic jurist
4221:Supreme Leader
4174:
4173:
4129:
4127:
4120:
4111:Main article:
4108:
4105:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4048:
4002:
3999:
3997:points to it.
3929:Main article:
3926:
3923:
3906:Main article:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3865:Ali al-Sistani
3856:
3850:
3834:Ali al-Sistani
3754:
3751:
3642:
3639:
3624:
3621:
3606:
3603:
3594:Main article:
3591:
3588:
3579:Main article:
3576:
3573:
3553:
3552:
3551:gain or profit
3549:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3498:
3475:
3472:
3455:Main article:
3452:
3449:
3401:
3398:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3315:
3305:
3299:
3290:(Poor-rate) –
3285:
3271:
3237:
3234:
3216:
3213:
3203:
3200:
3181:
3178:
3165:
3162:
3146:Main article:
3143:
3140:
3028:Main article:
3025:
3022:
2969:
2966:
2894:Main article:
2891:
2888:
2859:Husayn Ibn Ali
2807:mirror writing
2788:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2761:
2758:
2712:
2709:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2495:
2492:
2479:
2476:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2435:Justice of God
2433:
2431:)) is Tawhid.
2401:
2398:
2387:tadbir tashrii
2383:tadbir takwini
2378:
2375:
2363:
2360:
2350:
2347:
2338:
2335:
2249:Main article:
2246:
2243:
2223:Jafar al-Sadiq
2207:Main article:
2204:
2201:
2170:
2167:
2135:
2132:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2054:Muhaqqiq Hilli
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
1986:Shaykh al-Tusi
1984:(d. 1044) and
1980:(d. 1022 CE),
1926:
1925:Baghdad school
1923:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1880:
1877:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1803:
1774:
1741:
1738:
1672:state religion
1510:المهدي المنتظر
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:Sayyida Nafisa
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Hakimah Khātūn
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1134:Hebtiahs Bohra
1131:
1130:
1129:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
999:
998:
995:
994:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
949:
944:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
899:
898:
893:
888:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
841:
840:
818:
817:
815:
814:
807:
800:
792:
789:
788:
775:
774:
770:
769:
764:
758:
757:
755:Related topics
754:
753:
750:
749:
745:
744:
739:
734:
725:
719:
718:
711:
710:
707:
706:
702:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
667:Bihar al-Anwar
664:
655:
653:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
628:The Four Books
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
580:
575:
565:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
487:
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
468:
467:
462:
457:
456:
455:
450:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
360:
355:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
283:
278:
277:
274:
273:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
177:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
95:
94:
87:
86:
85:
84:
79:
69:
64:
63:
60:
59:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12601:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12574:Islam in Iraq
12572:
12570:
12569:Islam in Iran
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12551:
12549:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12500:
12496:
12495:
12492:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12449:
12448:Other beliefs
12445:
12439:
12436:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12423:
12422:Hilmi Tunahan
12420:
12418:
12414:
12411:
12410:
12409:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12401:
12397:
12389:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12372:Muhammad Asad
12370:
12368:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12360:
12359:
12357:
12355:
12351:
12343:
12339:
12335:
12332:
12331:
12330:
12327:
12323:
12319:
12316:
12315:
12314:
12311:
12307:
12303:
12299:
12296:
12295:
12294:
12291:
12287:
12283:
12282:Sabbatai Zevi
12280:
12279:
12278:
12275:
12272:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12254:
12253:
12250:
12249:
12247:
12245:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12228:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12207:
12206:
12203:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12190:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12175:
12173:
12171:
12167:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12150:
12149:
12147:
12140:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:Ali al-Aswarī
12131:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12118:
12117:
12115:
12114:
12112:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12102:
12096:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12088:
12085:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12068:
12064:
12058:
12054:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12023:
12019:
12016:
12015:
12013:
12011:
12007:
12004:
12001:
11994:
11990:
11978:
11975:
11974:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11959:
11954:
11953:
11952:
11949:
11944:
11943:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11932:
11929:
11928:
11927:
11924:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11911:
11910:
11909:Muʿāmmarīyya
11908:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11898:
11894:
11891:
11890:
11889:
11886:
11885:
11883:
11881:
11877:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11858:
11854:
11850:
11849:
11848:
11845:
11842:
11837:
11836:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11829:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11816:
11805:
11802:
11799:
11796:
11793:
11790:
11787:
11784:
11781:
11778:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11761:
11759:
11755:
11746:
11745:
11743:
11738:
11737:
11735:
11730:
11729:
11727:
11722:
11721:
11719:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11706:
11705:
11703:
11698:
11697:
11695:
11690:
11689:
11687:
11682:
11681:
11679:
11678:
11676:
11672:
11663:
11660:
11657:
11654:
11651:
11648:
11645:
11642:
11639:
11636:
11633:
11630:
11627:
11624:
11621:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11614:
11612:
11610:
11606:
11603:
11600:
11594:
11587:
11583:
11573:
11570:
11566:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11538:
11536:
11534:
11530:
11522:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11509:
11508:
11505:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11496:
11493:
11488:
11487:
11485:
11481:
11478:
11477:
11476:
11473:
11468:
11465:
11462:
11461:
11459:
11458:
11456:
11454:
11450:
11447:
11444:
11439:
11435:
11425:
11424:Waqifite Shia
11422:
11417:
11416:
11415:
11412:
11408:
11404:
11401:
11400:
11399:
11396:
11392:
11388:
11385:
11384:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11370:
11365:
11357:
11354:
11350:
11349:Ishaq al-Turk
11347:
11343:
11340:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11327:
11326:
11323:
11322:
11321:
11318:
11314:
11311:
11310:
11309:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11302:
11301:
11298:
11291:
11290:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11266:
11264:
11263:
11262:
11258:
11255:
11251:
11248:
11247:
11246:
11243:
11242:
11240:
11238:
11232:
11224:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11198:
11195:
11194:
11193:
11190:
11186:
11183:
11179:
11176:
11172:
11169:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11151:
11150:
11147:
11146:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11140:
11137:
11133:
11129:
11125:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11112:
11108:
11107:Hamdan Qarmat
11105:
11104:
11103:
11100:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11091:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11083:
11079:
11075:
11067:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11054:
11051:
11050:
11049:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11034:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11021:
11017:
11014:
11013:
11012:
11009:
11005:
11004:Safavid Islam
11001:
10997:
10993:
10989:
10988:Sheikh Haydar
10986:
10985:
10984:
10981:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10961:
10960:
10957:
10956:
10955:
10952:
10951:
10949:
10947:
10943:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10930:
10926:
10922:
10918:
10914:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10893:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10873:
10870:
10869:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10848:
10845:
10844:
10842:
10840:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10827:
10813:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10787:
10783:
10780:
10779:
10778:
10775:
10774:
10773:
10770:
10764:
10760:
10757:
10756:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10746:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10731:
10727:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10707:
10704:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10685:
10682:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10658:
10655:
10651:
10647:
10644:
10643:
10642:
10639:
10638:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10627:
10624:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10605:
10602:
10598:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10581:
10580:Ahl al-Hadith
10577:
10574:
10572:
10568:
10564:
10560:
10555:
10551:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10528:
10525:
10515:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10499:
10495:
10493:
10492:
10488:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10451:
10447:
10445:
10444:
10440:
10438:
10437:
10433:
10431:
10430:
10426:
10425:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10411:
10410:
10406:
10404:
10403:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10392:
10390:
10389:
10385:
10383:
10382:
10378:
10376:
10375:
10371:
10369:
10368:
10364:
10362:
10361:
10357:
10355:
10354:
10350:
10348:
10347:
10343:
10341:
10340:
10336:
10334:
10333:
10329:
10327:
10326:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10317:
10313:
10310:
10306:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10272:
10270:
10268:
10267:Zaydi Shi'ism
10264:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10236:
10233:
10232:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10202:
10200:
10198:
10194:
10186:
10183:
10182:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10098:Musa al-Kazim
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10083:Ali al-Sajjad
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10073:Hasan ibn Ali
10071:
10069:
10066:
10065:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10052:
10044:Post-Salafism
10043:
10042:
10041:
10038:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10029:
10026:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10005:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9983:
9980:
9979:
9978:
9975:
9971:
9968:
9967:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9908:Ibn Taymiyyah
9906:
9905:
9903:
9901:
9897:
9889:Mustadrakīyya
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9878:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9867:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9847:Amr ibn Ubayd
9845:
9843:
9840:
9836:
9833:
9832:
9831:
9828:
9825:
9822:
9819:
9816:
9813:
9810:
9807:
9804:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9778:
9774:
9767:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9746:
9742:
9735:
9731:
9728:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9710:
9706:
9702:
9699:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9672:
9671:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9665:
9662:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9645:
9641:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9466:
9462:
9455:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9441:
9438:
9435:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9171:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9158:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9126:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9102:
9098:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9069:
9065:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9041:
9037:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8990:
8985:
8983:
8978:
8976:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8961:
8958:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8941:
8938:a chapter of
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8917:
8911:
8907:
8902:
8898:
8892:
8888:
8883:
8879:
8874:
8870:
8865:
8861:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8839:
8835:
8833:0-87395-272-3
8829:
8825:
8821:
8820:Shi'ite Islam
8817:
8813:
8809:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8777:
8773:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8755:
8751:
8746:
8742:
8737:
8725:
8721:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8706:
8700:
8696:
8691:
8687:
8681:
8677:
8672:
8668:
8662:
8658:
8653:
8649:
8643:
8639:
8634:
8630:
8624:
8620:
8615:
8611:
8609:0-06-051665-8
8605:
8601:
8596:
8592:
8586:
8582:
8577:
8573:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8551:
8550:Nasr, Hossein
8547:
8543:
8537:
8533:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8504:
8498:
8494:
8489:
8485:
8483:0-415-32639-7
8479:
8475:
8470:
8466:
8460:
8456:
8451:
8447:
8441:
8437:
8432:
8428:
8422:
8414:
8408:
8403:
8402:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8378:
8372:
8368:
8362:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8343:
8339:
8334:
8330:
8328:1-4128-0516-3
8324:
8320:
8319:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8281:
8277:
8272:
8268:
8266:0-7103-0416-1
8262:
8258:
8254:
8253:Corbin, Henry
8250:
8246:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8225:
8221:
8215:
8211:
8206:
8202:
8200:0-19-504257-3
8196:
8191:
8190:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8169:
8165:
8164:
8158:
8154:
8148:
8144:
8143:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8094:
8087:
8072:
8066:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8050:
8035:
8031:
8025:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7994:
7988:, p. 188
7987:
7982:
7976:, p. 163
7975:
7970:
7964:, p. 229
7963:
7958:
7951:
7946:
7939:
7934:
7928:, p. 135
7927:
7922:
7916:, p. 133
7915:
7910:
7904:, p. 111
7903:
7898:
7891:
7886:
7879:
7874:
7867:
7862:
7855:
7850:
7843:
7838:
7831:
7826:
7819:
7814:
7807:
7806:Arjomand 1988
7802:
7795:
7790:
7783:
7777:
7770:
7764:
7758:, p. 281
7757:
7752:
7744:
7742:81-7231-592-9
7738:
7734:
7730:
7724:
7718:, p. 182
7717:
7712:
7706:, p. 215
7705:
7700:
7685:
7681:
7674:
7667:
7662:
7656:, p. 207
7655:
7650:
7644:, p. 206
7643:
7638:
7632:, p. 153
7631:
7626:
7620:, p. 150
7619:
7614:
7599:
7595:
7588:
7586:
7570:
7569:Boston Review
7566:
7559:
7557:
7541:
7537:
7531:
7517:on 2018-08-19
7516:
7512:
7506:
7498:
7494:
7488:
7472:
7468:
7462:
7446:
7442:
7436:
7428:
7424:
7417:
7402:
7398:
7391:
7384:
7379:
7373:, p. 189
7372:
7367:
7360:
7355:
7348:
7343:
7337:, p. 262
7336:
7331:
7324:
7319:
7312:
7307:
7300:
7295:
7293:
7285:
7280:
7273:
7272:مفاتيح الجنان
7267:
7260:
7255:
7248:
7243:
7236:
7231:
7225:
7220:
7213:
7208:
7202:, p. 316
7201:
7196:
7189:
7184:
7177:
7172:
7165:
7160:
7158:
7151:, p. 245
7150:
7145:
7138:
7133:
7125:
7123:9780761479291
7119:
7115:
7114:
7107:
7101:, p. 217
7100:
7095:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7067:
7062:
7056:, p. 136
7055:
7050:
7043:
7038:
7032:, p. 451
7031:
7026:
7019:
7014:
7008:, p. 705
7007:
7002:
6995:
6990:
6983:
6978:
6972:, p. 228
6971:
6966:
6960:, p. 220
6959:
6954:
6948:, p. 121
6947:
6942:
6935:
6930:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6887:
6882:
6874:
6868:
6867:Madelung 1998
6863:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6838:
6833:
6827:, p. 326
6826:
6821:
6814:
6809:
6803:, p. 463
6802:
6797:
6788:
6779:
6773:, p. 151
6772:
6767:
6760:
6755:
6753:
6745:
6740:
6738:
6730:
6725:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6690:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6643:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6621:
6617:
6616:
6608:
6594:
6590:
6583:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6552:
6550:
6541:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6524:Mishal, Shaul
6519:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6493:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6463:
6457:
6453:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6430:
6426:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6390:
6383:. p. 13.
6382:
6375:
6367:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6352:Facts on File
6349:
6344:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6324:
6319:
6311:
6306:, p. 651
6305:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6276:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6252:
6250:0-02-865604-0
6246:
6243:. MacMillan.
6242:
6235:
6233:
6223:
6214:
6199:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6177:
6172:
6166:, p. 155
6165:
6160:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6130:, p. 142
6129:
6124:
6118:, p. 151
6117:
6112:
6106:, p. 132
6105:
6100:
6093:
6088:
6081:
6076:
6069:
6064:
6057:
6052:
6045:
6040:
6033:
6028:
6021:
6016:
6010:, p. 582
6009:
6004:
5997:
5992:
5986:, p. 601
5985:
5980:
5974:, p. 153
5973:
5968:
5962:, p. 131
5961:
5956:
5950:, p. 119
5949:
5944:
5935:
5927:
5921:
5916:
5909:
5904:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5848:, p. 224
5847:
5842:
5836:, p. 223
5835:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5808:
5803:
5797:, p. 249
5796:
5791:
5784:
5779:
5772:
5767:
5760:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5731:
5730:Motahari 1985
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5701:, p. 678
5700:
5695:
5688:
5683:
5676:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5653:, p. 115
5652:
5647:
5641:, p. 197
5640:
5635:
5626:
5619:
5614:
5608:, p. 114
5607:
5602:
5596:, p. 120
5595:
5590:
5581:
5575:, p. 287
5574:
5569:
5563:, p. 228
5562:
5557:
5551:, p. 127
5550:
5545:
5539:, p. 226
5538:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5522:, p. 152
5521:
5516:
5510:, p. 164
5509:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5450:, p. 230
5449:
5444:
5442:
5433:
5428:, p. 717
5427:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5411:, p. 134
5410:
5405:
5398:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5377:
5372:
5365:
5360:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5318:
5310:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5287:, p. 230
5286:
5281:
5274:
5269:
5261:
5256:, p. 159
5255:
5254:Pakatchi 1988
5250:
5244:, p. 221
5243:
5238:
5231:
5226:
5220:, p. 117
5219:
5214:
5208:
5203:
5195:
5193:9781438108308
5189:
5185:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5162:
5157:
5149:
5147:9781476608815
5143:
5139:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5116:
5111:
5103:
5097:
5092:
5086:, p. 676
5085:
5080:
5072:
5066:
5061:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4928:
4922:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4881:
4877:
4870:
4862:
4856:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4816:
4812:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4790:
4784:, p. 174
4783:
4778:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4739:
4735:
4717:
4711:
4700:
4697:Usul al-Din (
4694:
4690:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4527:Dhu al-Hijjah
4524:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4495:Milad al-Nabi
4493:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4436:
4435:Dhu al-Hijjah
4432:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4396:
4393:
4385:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343: –
4342:
4338:
4337:Find sources:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4315:This article
4313:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4170:
4167:
4159:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4015:According to
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:Sunni Muslims
3980:
3976:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3852:Dispute over
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:There are 56
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3753:Who and where
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3465:
3458:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:– loving the
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3036:infallibility
3031:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:Hasan Ibn Ali
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:18th century
2803:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2475:
2473:
2462:
2453:
2451:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2344:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:According to
2252:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2001:Bani Nawbakht
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:traditionists
1952:
1948:
1947:Bani Nawbakht
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:Jurisprudence
1893:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:infallibility
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1499:the promised
1495:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:Imam al-Mahdi
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1424:
1420:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:Dawoodi Bohra
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
997:
996:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:Eid al-Ghadir
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
947:
942:
941:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
852:
851:
847:
843:
842:
838:
830:
824:
823:
813:
808:
806:
801:
799:
794:
793:
791:
790:
787:
782:
777:
776:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
752:
751:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
715:
709:
708:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
657:
656:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
633:Kitab al-Kafi
631:
630:
629:
626:
625:
618:
617:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Seghatoleslam
596:
594:
591:
588:
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
553:
552:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
492:
488:
486:
483:
482:
475:
474:
466:
463:
461:
458:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
440:
433:
432:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
373:
372:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
343:
342:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
281:
276:
275:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
214:Other beliefs
211:
210:
202:
201:Judgement Day
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
174:
169:
168:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
67:
62:
61:
58:
55:
54:
51:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
12589:Shia Muslims
12431:Other orders
12336: /
12329:Nur movement
12300: /
12257:Mirza Ghulam
12188:Tolu-e-Islam
12057:Galibi Order
12055: /
12040:Balım Sultan
12035:Babai revolt
12026:Qalandariyya
12024: /
11926:Mufaḍḍaliyya
11835:Jawārībīyya
11788:Umar ibn Zar
11757:Other Murjīs
11486:Bayhasīyyah
11403:Nuqta-yi Ula
11219:Pir Sadardin
11212: /
11126: /
11122: /
11039: /
11031: /
11018: /
10998: /
10994: /
10990: /
10945:
10847:Zayd ibn Ali
10797: /
10784: /
10735:Ilm al-Kalam
10648: /
10641:Ahl-i Hadith
10509:Umm al-kitab
10507:
10496:
10485:
10478:
10460:
10455:
10448:
10441:
10434:
10427:
10407:
10400:
10395:Fihi Ma Fihi
10393:
10386:
10379:
10372:
10365:
10358:
10351:
10344:
10337:
10330:
10323:
10063:Twelve Imams
10054:
9982:Ahl-i Hadith
9913:Ibnul Qayyim
9793:(Nazzāmīyya)
9274:Ibn al-Jawzi
9214:Al-Taftazani
9189:Al-Baqillani
8905:
8886:
8877:
8868:
8859:
8842:
8824:Hossein Nasr
8819:
8797:
8771:
8749:
8740:
8728:. Retrieved
8717:
8694:
8675:
8656:
8637:
8618:
8599:
8580:
8561:
8531:
8514:
8492:
8473:
8454:
8435:
8400:
8384:(1): 31–43.
8381:
8375:
8356:
8337:
8317:
8297:
8275:
8256:
8229:
8209:
8188:
8178:the original
8162:
8141:
8123:
8097:. Retrieved
8086:
8074:. Retrieved
8059:
8049:
8037:. Retrieved
8033:
8024:
8012:. Retrieved
8003:
7993:
7981:
7969:
7957:
7945:
7940:, p. 44
7933:
7921:
7909:
7897:
7885:
7880:, p. 97
7873:
7868:, p. 90
7861:
7856:, p. 58
7849:
7844:, p. 35
7837:
7832:, p. 12
7825:
7813:
7801:
7796:, p. 53
7789:
7781:
7776:
7768:
7767:Nasr, Vali,
7763:
7751:
7732:
7723:
7716:Sobhani 2001
7711:
7699:
7687:. Retrieved
7683:
7673:
7661:
7649:
7637:
7630:Sobhani 2001
7625:
7618:Sobhani 2001
7613:
7601:. Retrieved
7597:
7572:. Retrieved
7568:
7544:. Retrieved
7530:
7519:. Retrieved
7515:the original
7505:
7497:the original
7487:
7475:. Retrieved
7471:the original
7461:
7451:29 September
7449:. Retrieved
7445:al-Islam.org
7444:
7435:
7426:
7416:
7404:. Retrieved
7400:
7390:
7378:
7366:
7361:, p. 35
7354:
7342:
7330:
7318:
7313:, p. 58
7306:
7279:
7266:
7254:
7242:
7230:
7219:
7207:
7195:
7190:, p. 95
7183:
7171:
7144:
7132:
7112:
7106:
7099:Cornell 2007
7094:
7078:
7073:
7061:
7054:Sobhani 2001
7049:
7042:Sobhani 2001
7037:
7025:
7013:
7001:
6994:Sobhani 2001
6989:
6982:Sobhani 2001
6977:
6965:
6953:
6946:Sobhani 2001
6941:
6936:, p. 43
6929:
6911:
6893:
6881:
6862:
6844:
6839:, p. 89
6832:
6820:
6815:, p. 48
6808:
6801:Dabashi 2006
6796:
6787:
6778:
6766:
6761:, p. 99
6729:Sobhani 2001
6724:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6656:
6652:
6642:
6614:
6607:
6596:. Retrieved
6592:
6582:
6557:
6528:
6518:
6509:
6500:
6480:
6470:
6450:
6443:
6423:
6416:
6396:
6389:
6380:
6374:
6341:
6330:
6318:
6299:
6287:
6275:
6259:
6240:
6222:
6213:
6202:. Retrieved
6197:
6171:
6159:
6152:Dabashi 1989
6147:
6140:Sobhani 2001
6135:
6123:
6111:
6099:
6094:, p. 22
6087:
6082:, p. 31
6075:
6070:, p. 71
6068:Sobhani 2001
6063:
6058:, p. 39
6056:Sobhani 2001
6051:
6039:
6027:
6015:
6003:
5991:
5979:
5967:
5955:
5943:
5934:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5891:. Retrieved
5887:
5878:
5866:. Retrieved
5862:
5853:
5841:
5829:
5824:, p. 52
5822:Sobhani 2001
5809:, p. 13
5802:
5790:
5785:, p. 30
5783:Sobhani 2001
5778:
5773:, p. 24
5771:Sobhani 2001
5766:
5761:, p. 22
5759:Sobhani 2001
5754:
5745:
5736:
5711:Sobhani 2001
5706:
5694:
5689:, p. 32
5682:
5677:, p. 20
5675:Sobhani 2001
5670:
5663:Sobhani 2001
5658:
5646:
5634:
5625:
5620:, p. 15
5613:
5601:
5589:
5580:
5568:
5561:Cornell 2007
5556:
5544:
5537:Cornell 2007
5515:
5503:
5498:, p. 80
5491:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5404:
5371:
5366:, p. 41
5359:
5354:, p. 74
5352:Kraemer 1992
5333:. Retrieved
5329:
5309:Kraemer 1992
5304:
5292:
5285:Cornell 2007
5280:
5273:Cornell 2007
5268:
5249:
5242:Cornell 2007
5237:
5225:
5213:
5207:Daftary 2013
5202:
5182:
5175:
5156:
5136:
5129:
5117:, p. 34
5110:
5091:
5079:
5060:
5049:. Retrieved
5045:
5036:
5017:
5006:. Retrieved
4992:
4981:. Retrieved
4968:
4957:. Retrieved
4951:
4942:
4931:. Retrieved
4921:
4910:. Retrieved
4903:
4894:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:
4869:
4860:
4855:
4843:. Retrieved
4839:
4830:
4818:. Retrieved
4814:
4796:, p. 14
4789:
4777:
4752:
4748:
4738:
4710:
4693:
4571:
4505:Mid-Sha'aban
4440:
4403:
4388:
4382:October 2020
4379:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4336:
4324:Please help
4319:verification
4316:
4276:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4229:
4210:
4206:vali-e faqih
4205:
4188:
4177:
4162:
4153:
4131:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4085:
4070:
4051:
4036:
4014:
3991:
3987:Nikah Misyar
3978:
3972:
3959:
3956:Nikah Mut'ah
3955:
3935:
3934:
3931:Nikah mut'ah
3919:
3911:
3886:
3884:
3880:Ali Khamenei
3873:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3806:Ali Khamenei
3787:
3756:
3744:
3738:
3725:
3724:is known as
3719:
3717:
3708:
3698:
3695:
3688:
3654:
3636:
3618:
3599:
3584:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3460:
3445:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3417:
3389:
3382:
3333:
3326:jihād asghār
3325:
3321:
3295:
3281:
3259:
3249:
3218:
3215:Intercession
3205:
3183:
3167:
3151:
3136:Twelve Imams
3093:
3069:Fatima Zahra
3062:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3033:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3004:
2997:, where the
2947:
2921:
2903:
2899:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2855:
2819:
2781:
2763:
2714:
2697:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2468:
2459:
2447:
2438:
2410:
2403:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2368:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2320:wujud mutlaq
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2257:Hossein Nasr
2254:
2245:Unity of God
2239:
2212:
2186:
2148:
2137:
2096:
2083:
2074:
2068:. Under the
2060:In 1256 the
2059:
2038:
2025:
2018:
2014:
1990:
1975:
1963:Ibn Babawayh
1928:
1914:
1882:
1865:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1751:
1749:
1709:
1698:
1696:خاتم النبيين
1676:
1636:Saudi Arabia
1601:
1586:
1565:
1558:
1543:
1535:
1514:
1498:
1454:
1438:
1430:
1418:
1417:
1309:Umm al-Banin
1038:Second Fitna
918:Intercession
908:Judgment Day
603:Hojatoleslam
541:Ni'matullāhī
516:Qalandariyya
363:Intercession
251:Usul al-fiqh
236:Intercession
92:Twelve Imams
56:
12559:12 (number)
12382:Rashid Rida
12230:Independent
12215:Edip Yüksel
12178:Ahle Qur'an
12129:Nazzāmīyya
12126:Ikhshīdiyya
12113:Huzaylīyya
12104:Bahshamiyya
12080:Mā’marīyya
12072:Rationalism
12022:Malamatiyya
11942:Mānsūrīyya
11888:Khaṭṭābiyya
11819:Mu'shabbiha
11779:Sābit Kutna
11712:Sawbānīyya
11696:Gassānīyya
11680:Gaylānīyya
11674:Other sects
11469:Sa'labīyyah
11466:Maymunīyyah
11443:Arbitration
11325:Khurramites
11289:Sam‘ānīyya
11062:Bābā Rexheb
10992:Shah Ismail
10812:Millî Görüş
10730:Ahl ar-Ra'y
10672:Al-Uthaymin
10593:Kullabiyya
10571:Sunni Islam
10472:Independent
10316:Sunni books
10140:Shaykh Tusi
10113:Ali al-Hadi
10103:Ali al-Rida
10040:Yasir Qadhi
9945:Al-Uthaymin
9935:Rashid Rida
9930:Al-Shawkani
9826:(Jāhizīyya)
9811:(Jubbāīyya)
9715:Jawālikīyya
9569:Ali al-Qari
9484:Al-Sarakhsi
9470:Al-Maturidi
9344:Al-Sha'rani
9324:Ibn Khaldun
9199:Al-Qushayri
9161:Theologians
9142:Metaphysics
9048:Eschatology
9015:Theologians
8743:. Ansaryan.
8099:28 December
8004:independent
7808:, p. 3
7477:26 February
7406:22 December
7200:Leaman 2006
7030:Leaman 2006
7018:Leaman 2006
7006:Leaman 2006
6970:Leaman 2006
6813:Corbin 1993
6304:Martin 2003
5687:Faruki 1965
5426:Martin 2003
4953:The Tribune
4840:Worldometer
4597:Shaykh Tusi
4577:Mulla Sadra
4534:Al-Mubahila
4519:Ghadir Khum
4517:celebrates
4427:Eid al-Adha
4409:Eid ul-Fitr
4223:must be an
4100:Ilm al-Usul
3952:نكاح المتعة
3897:Differences
3863:, died and
3781:(Iran) and
3647:Shia clergy
3356:Ahl al-Bayt
3322:jihād akbār
3284:in Persian.
3124:Hamid Algar
3116:Ann Lambton
3100:Ahl al-Bayt
2923:Ahl al-Bayt
2814:calligraphy
1988:(d. 1067).
1879:Formulation
1852:Imamate era
1740:Terminology
1690:Prophets" (
1632:Afghanistan
1540:Islamic law
1475:Occultation
1473:, lives in
1451:Shīʿa Islam
1447:إِمَامِيَّة
1239:Ahl al-Kisa
1154:Qutbi Bohra
1149:Alavi Bohra
1127:Progressive
1053:Persecution
1033:First Fitna
988:Omar Koshan
973:Eid al-Adha
968:Eid al-Fitr
871:Prophethood
712:Sources of
648:Al-Istibsar
556:Scholarship
511:Malamatiyya
489:Sufism and
376:Holy cities
241:Occultation
191:Prophethood
12548:Categories
12426:Süleymancı
12334:Said Nursî
12293:Mahdavīyya
12244:Messianism
12148:Sumamīyya
12138:Hābītīyya
12031:Baba Ishak
11973:Saba'īyya
11960:Mukhāmmīsa
11951:Mughīrīyya
11938:Ghurābīyya
11900:Bāzīghiyya
11868:Bārāq Bābā
11847:Hulmānīyya
11744:Ziyādīyya
11736:Ubaydīyya
11728:Shamrīyya
11720:Sālehīyya
11704:Tūmanīyya
11688:Yūnusīyya
11649:Sauwāqīyya
11625:Hakāiqīyya
11609:Karrāmīyya
11599:Hanafiyyah
11453:Kharijites
11391:Nuktawiyya
11342:al-Muqanna
11320:Muḥammirah
11308:Abu Muslim
11304:Rezāmīyya
11279:Hārithīyya
11271:Janāhiyya
11261:Hashimiyya
11235:Kaysanites
11182:Badakhshan
11115:Qarmatians
11102:Batiniyyah
11082:Isma'ilism
11053:Demir Bābā
11048:Baktāshism
11041:Bektashism
11020:ibn Nusayr
11016:al-Khaṣībī
11000:Kul Nesîmî
10996:Pir Sultan
10901:Khalafiyya
10896:Dukayniyya
10830:Shia Islam
10772:Maturidism
10694:Madkhalism
10597:Ibn Kullab
10420:Shia books
9970:Madkhalism
9870:Najjārīyya
9760:al-Qībtī (
9734:Karramiyya
9730:Ibn Karram
9686:Mu'jassimā
9574:Al-Maydani
9564:Ali Qushji
9489:Al-Bazdawi
9465:Maturidism
9450:Al-Shafi'i
9319:Al-Baydawi
9279:Qadi Ayyad
9254:Ibn Tumart
9209:Al-Ghazali
9194:Al-Juwayni
9184:Al-Bayhaqi
9175:al-Ash'ari
9147:Philosophy
9068:Philosophy
8558:Nasr, Vali
8076:24 October
8039:17 October
7938:Black 2011
7926:Vaezi 2004
7914:Vaezi 2004
7902:Vaezi 2004
7890:Vaezi 2004
7878:Vaezi 2004
7866:Vaezi 2004
7854:Vaezi 2004
7842:Vaezi 2004
7830:Vaezi 2004
7818:Vaezi 2004
7794:Vaezi 2004
7603:13 October
7574:13 October
7546:2018-08-19
7521:2018-08-19
7383:Momen 1985
7371:Momen 1985
7224:Rizvi 1992
7212:Momen 1985
6916:Jasim 1982
6898:Algar 1990
6849:Algar 1990
6598:2020-12-10
6365:0871966298
6354:. p.
6204:2007-11-06
6176:Campo 2009
5699:Campo 2009
5549:Momen 1985
5496:Vaezi 2004
5364:Black 2011
5335:2015-05-29
5161:Momen 2015
5084:Campo 2009
5051:2021-09-29
5008:2010-07-21
4983:2010-07-21
4959:2010-07-21
4933:2010-06-21
4912:2010-06-21
4885:2020-10-29
4815:WorldAtlas
4794:Weiss 2006
4782:Momen 1985
4703:اصول الدین
4680:References
4668:Shia Islam
4562:See also:
4352:newspapers
4267:See also:
4133:neutrality
4043:Following
3985:recognize
3848:in Najaf.
3709:usulu 'din
3677:literature
3569:al-ghanima
3526:treasures.
3077:infallible
3044:as-Sakinah
3010:in Syria.
3001:took place
2956:, was the
2918:infallible
2760:Revelation
2730:Al-Qazwini
2704:Tabataba'i
2494:Holy sites
2308:returns to
2304:comes from
2010:revelation
1911:Organizing
1841:See also:
1744:See also:
1706:abrogation
1681:, but the
1640:Bangladesh
1616:Azerbaijan
1546:) and the
1517:successors
1294:Umm Salama
1278:Holy women
866:Holy Books
861:Monotheism
837:Shia Islam
526:Bektashism
181:Monotheism
173:Principles
50:Shia Islam
12354:Modernism
12286:Sabbatean
12274:Kabbalist
12252:Ahmadiyya
12183:Kala Kato
12156:Kā‘bīyya
12087:Bishriyya
12067:Muʿtazila
12000:al-Juhani
11993:Qadariyah
11863:Kalandars
11843:Hāshwīyya
11731:Abū Shamr
11664:Zarībīyya
11661:Wāhidīyya
11652:Sūramīyya
11646:Razīnīyya
11622:Dhīmmīyya
11591:Hasan ibn
11565:Wahbiyyah
11512:Abu Qurra
11438:Muhakkima
11382:Hurufiyya
11369:Mahdiists
11284:Riyāhīyya
11265:Hārbīyya
11206:Aga Khans
11201:Assassins
11164:Sulaymani
11128:ad-Darazi
11066:Hārābātīs
10983:Qizilbash
10976:Shaykhism
10852:Jarudiyya
10763:Al-Ahbash
10744:Ash'arism
10677:Al-Albani
10657:Wahhabism
10502:Ahmadiyya
10443:Al-Khisal
10353:Al-Irshad
10308:Key books
9955:Al-Albani
9923:Wahhabism
9777:Mu'tazila
9766:Qadariyah
9644:Mu'attila
9559:Ibn Kemal
9554:Khidr Bey
9434:Hanafiyah
9369:Al-Bahūtī
9364:Ibn Ashir
9329:Ibn Arafa
9224:Ibn Furak
9219:Al-Maziri
9170:Ash'arism
9137:Cosmology
9114:Cosmology
9109:Astronomy
9081:Education
8851:311256759
8523:909092922
8438:. BRILL.
8421:cite book
8034:muslim.sg
8014:11 August
7950:Halm 1997
7394:see also
7359:Nasr 2002
7347:Nasr 2002
7335:Nasr 2002
7299:Nasr 2007
7284:Nasr 2007
7188:Nasr 2007
7164:Nasr 2007
7137:Nasr 2007
7066:Nasr 2007
6716:145679335
6681:162260813
6673:1471-6380
6634:294908077
6323:Nasr 2000
6194:"Shi'ite"
6020:Nasr 2008
6008:Nasr 2008
5996:Nasr 2008
5984:Nasr 2008
5795:Nasr 2002
5594:Nasr 2006
5520:Nasr 2000
5484:Halm 1997
5472:Halm 1997
5218:Nasr 2007
4769:2228-6454
4730:Citations
4673:Zaidiyyah
4544:Fatimiyya
4467:martyrdom
4455:martyrdom
4195:Ayatollah
4144:talk page
4096:principle
3771:clergymen
3705:the Mahdi
3488:The term
3280:, called
2871:in hiding
2542:Jerusalem
2507:location
2504:sanctuary
2306:God, and
2286:However,
2165:dynasty.
2127:Mir Damad
2099:Isma'il I
1999:who used
1993:Muhaddith
1943:free will
1939:Mu'tazila
1862:Emergence
1822:Ismā'īlīs
1810:Imamiyyah
1750:The term
1488:romanized
1329:Shahrbanu
1214:Qizilbash
737:Consensus
583:Ayatollah
501:Safaviyya
496:Qizilbash
418:Kadhimiya
408:Jerusalem
280:Practices
151:al-Askari
116:al-Sajjad
18:Imamiyyah
12471:Tawakkul
12438:Tawassul
12400:Taṣawwuf
12322:doctrine
12170:Quranism
11964:Namiriya
11593:Muḥāmmad
11586:Murji'ah
11300:Rawendis
11223:Satpanth
11144:Musta'li
11139:Fatimids
11037:Hurufism
11024:Alawites
10929:Sects in
10921:Mahdiist
10857:Batriyya
10803:Deobandi
10754:Shafi'is
10689:Jihadism
10636:Salafism
10604:Hanbalis
10585:Atharism
10498:Malfūzāt
10436:Al-Amali
10033:Hazimism
9745:Murji'ah
9669:Jahmīyya
9657:Mu'jbira
9249:Ibn Aqil
8818:(1979).
8792:(2001).
8770:(1988).
8730:19 April
8724:Archived
8560:(1988).
8513:(1985).
8390:20832784
8296:(1989).
8255:(1993).
8132:37509593
8122:(1982).
8057:(1999).
8008:Archived
7684:BBC News
7540:Archived
7401:Al-Islam
6508:(2003).
6478:(1985).
6348:New York
6338:(1984).
5326:"امامیه"
5025:Archived
4611:See also
4605:Al-Hilli
4509:Sha'aban
4481:Damascus
4473:Arba'een
4298:Calendar
4156:May 2015
4137:disputed
4056:Abu Bakr
4027:and the
3964:marriage
3832:in Qom;
3785:(Iran).
3777:(Iraq),
3746:muqallid
3740:muqallid
3735:Taqleedi
3721:mujtahid
3700:mujtahid
3434:Tayammum
3390:ʻAlīyun
3330:Holy War
3278:Ramadhan
3242:Shari'ah
3154:Abbasids
3104:Muhammad
3089:prophets
3065:Muhammad
2978:Tawassul
2772:72:26–28
2638:Damascus
2626:Damascus
2602:Damascus
2573:Al-Baqi'
2429:انّاالیه
2097:In 1501
1773:himself.
1726:Alawites
1683:Ismāʿīlī
1668:Tanzania
1628:Pakistan
1524:Muhammad
1439:Imāmiyya
1246:Muhammad
1202:Bektashi
1178:Satpanth
1112:Musta'li
1107:Isma'ili
1018:Mubahala
958:Arba'een
829:a series
827:Part of
697:Al-Amali
521:Hurufism
485:Alawites
156:al-Mahdi
131:al-Kazim
126:al-Sadiq
121:al-Baqir
77:Muhammad
46:a series
44:Part of
36:Alawites
12520:Shafi'i
12510:Hanbali
12476:Tewafuq
12456:Sadaqah
12417:Barelvi
12408:Ṭarīqah
12262:Qadiani
12235:beliefs
12010:Alevism
11857:Dimashq
11643:Nūnīyya
11637:Maʿīyya
11597:ibn al-
11572:Azzabas
11533:Ibadism
11521:Nukkari
11475:Azariqa
11460:Ajardi
11407:Bábīyya
11313:Sunpadh
11245:Mukhtār
11210:Nizaris
11185:Alevism
11159:Dawoodi
11149:Tayyibi
11111:Sevener
11090:Fathite
10964:Akhbari
10959:Ja'fari
10946:Twelver
10925:Shi'ite
10862:Imamate
10839:Zaydism
10790:Barelvi
10777:Hanafis
10749:Malikis
10718:Maqrizi
10667:Ibn Baz
10626:Zahiris
10388:Masnavi
9940:Ibn Baz
9754:Dimashq
9454:Shafi‘i
9384:'Illish
9119:Physics
9101:Science
8796:(ed.).
8112:Sources
7780:Momen,
6574:1596023
5893:1 March
5868:1 March
4845:1 March
4820:1 March
4663:Rafidah
4623:Ismaili
4477:Karbala
4457:in the
4451:Ashurah
4421:Shawwal
4417:Ramadan
4413:fasting
4366:scholar
4052:ahādīth
4037:Khalifa
3954:, also
3914:16: 106
3783:Mashhad
3779:Isfahan
3775:Karbala
3690:ijtihad
3674:Islamic
3670:Muslims
3667:Twelver
3661:Akhbari
3615:Tabarra
3611:Tawalla
3557:Ghanima
3542:Ghanima
3451:Fasting
3375:Shahada
3362:Tabarra
3352:Tawalla
3292:charity
3264:Persian
3191:22: 5–6
3170:23: 115
3156:caused
3110:in the
2991:Karbala
2974:Ziyarat
2952:of the
2910:Imamate
2843:Walayah
2811:Ottoman
2778:Miracle
2742:Michael
2738:Gabriel
2734:Israfil
2674:Samarra
2662:Baghdad
2650:Mashhad
2614:Karbala
2566:Karbala
2421:انّالله
2300:through
2219:hadiths
2154:Akhbari
2144:Akhbari
2140:Safavid
2123:Isfahan
2046:ijtihad
1971:Tashbih
1935:Baghdad
1888:Taqiyya
1837:History
1814:Imamite
1785:Nizaris
1777:Ja'fari
1752:Twelver
1746:Rafidah
1734:Lebanon
1722:Albania
1710:sharīʿa
1660:Nigeria
1620:Lebanon
1612:Bahrain
1583:
1576:عِصْمَة
1544:sharīʿa
1519:to the
1494:ghaybah
1490::
1483:غَيْبَة
1455:Twelver
1117:Tayyibi
1088:Shaykhi
1078:Akhbari
1073:Ja'fari
1001:History
891:Twelver
886:Ismaili
881:Imamate
728:Hadiths
714:ijtihad
608:Ijtihad
593:Allamah
585: (
570: (
491:Alevism
465:Shaykhi
453:Akhbari
443:Ja'fari
413:Samarra
403:Mashhad
398:Karbala
333:Tabarri
328:Tawalli
256:Ijtihad
196:Imamate
186:Justice
146:al-Naqi
141:al-Taqi
136:ar-Rida
82:Fatimah
32:Alevism
12525:Zahiri
12515:Maliki
12505:Hanafi
12481:Thawab
12461:Sunnah
12386:Other
12342:Hizmet
12306:Zikris
12277:Dönmes
12267:Lahori
12233:Muslim
12053:Rifa`i
11998:Ma'bad
11880:Tajsīm
11828:Tamsīl
11555:Ifrani
11495:Najdat
11398:Shayki
11367:Other
11335:Mazyar
11214:Khojas
11192:Nizari
11171:Hafizi
11132:Druzes
11113:
11057:Alians
11011:Ghulat
10491:Alawis
9758:Nabati
9723:Abdals
9705:Juzjan
9444:Maliki
9129:Sufism
9053:Ethics
9040:Aqidah
9032:Fields
9011:Fields
8912:
8893:
8849:
8830:
8804:
8778:
8756:
8701:
8682:
8663:
8644:
8625:
8606:
8587:
8568:
8538:
8521:
8499:
8480:
8461:
8442:
8409:
8388:
8363:
8344:
8325:
8304:
8282:
8263:
8241:
8216:
8197:
8170:
8149:
8130:
8067:
7739:
7689:23 May
7429:: 139.
7120:
7085:
6714:
6679:
6671:
6632:
6622:
6572:
6536:
6488:
6458:
6431:
6404:
6362:
6247:
6200:. 2007
5190:
5144:
5042:"Iran"
4978:Boloji
4767:
4716:Arabic
4699:Arabic
4603:, and
4573:Marja'
4538:Najran
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4232:hadith
4211:While
4045:hadith
4029:Sunnah
4025:Qur'an
4021:Sharia
3995:70: 29
3960:sighah
3948:Arabic
3908:Taqiya
3790:Maraji
3759:hawzas
3732:Marja'
3727:Taqlid
3713:Fuqaha
3685:Qur'an
3657:Usooli
3651:Marja'
3505:Marja'
3464:Arabic
3440:turbah
3412:, and
3400:Prayer
3392:waliyu
3229:53: 26
3221:21: 28
3195:36: 79
3187:17: 51
3120:hadith
3112:Qur'an
3071:; and
2949:hadith
2906:Zaydis
2826:7: 158
2767:4: 163
2746:Azrael
2722:Mi'raj
2716:verse
2578:Medina
2530:Medina
2425:Arabic
2417:Arabic
2328:Unique
2269:Tawhid
2251:Tawhid
2181:, and
2119:Qazvin
2008:needs
2006:reason
1894:about
1892:hadith
1873:Zubayr
1869:Talhah
1800:Maliki
1796:Hanafi
1724:, and
1718:Turkey
1714:Alevis
1692:Arabic
1687:Nizārī
1666:, and
1644:Kuwait
1593:Arabic
1572:Arabic
1561:sunnah
1552:Arabic
1506:Arabic
1479:Arabic
1463:Arabic
1443:Arabic
1423:Arabic
1344:Narjis
1284:Fatima
1266:Husayn
1256:Fatima
1219:Ishiki
1187:Ghulat
1168:Nizari
1161:Hafizi
1100:Houthi
1048:Origin
963:Mawlid
953:Ashura
923:Clergy
903:Angels
742:Reason
723:Qur'an
568:Marja'
536:Galibi
531:Rifa`i
436:Groups
388:Medina
261:Taqlid
226:Angels
111:Husayn
12466:Taqwa
11855:ī ad-
11853:Fāris
11507:Sufri
11330:Babak
11154:Alavi
11120:Hamza
11078:Imami
10969:Usuli
10942:Imami
10933:Islam
10917:Imami
10699:Sahwa
9762:Murjī
9756:ī an-
9707:ī al-
9698:Balkh
9422:Sunni
9419:Early
9091:Peace
9086:Logic
9058:Kalam
9019:Books
8386:JSTOR
8060:Islam
6712:S2CID
6677:S2CID
6570:JSTOR
4714:Adl (
4685:Notes
4618:Bada'
4489:Safar
4485:Syria
4373:JSTOR
4359:books
4273:Usuli
4249:4: 60
4184:ulema
4071:masūm
4033:Sunni
3974:haram
3968:Usuli
3944:Mut'a
3940:Nikah
3891:Najaf
3794:Najaf
3767:Najaf
3596:Jihad
3590:Jihad
3495:Khums
3490:zakah
3484:Zakat
3480:Khums
3468:الصوم
3410:Ghusl
3406:Salah
3394:l-Lāh
3318:Jihād
3312:Mecca
3302:Khums
3296:Zakat
3288:Zakat
3282:rūzeh
3260:namāz
3256:Salat
3225:10: 3
3209:41:21
3174:21:47
3085:Shias
3081:Ismah
3030:Ismah
3024:Ismah
2958:Quran
2944:Hasan
2928:shura
2914:Imams
2883:rasul
2839:Ismah
2830:5: 67
2822:3: 26
2726:21:27
2711:Angel
2590:Mecca
2554:Najaf
2518:Mecca
2472:96: 8
2450:20:50
2406:Shirk
2400:Shirk
2324:unity
2312:being
2302:God,
2298:God,
2292:alone
2215:Quran
2163:Qajar
2159:Usuli
2117:) in
2115:Hawza
2050:qiyas
1997:Fiqih
1933:era,
1931:Buyid
1806:Imami
1793:Sunni
1770:Shi'a
1730:Syria
1656:Qatar
1624:India
1567:Ismah
1536:Ummah
1501:Mahdi
1324:Rubab
1261:Hasan
1197:Alevi
1192:Alawi
1173:Khoja
1095:Zaydi
1083:Usuli
1023:Khumm
896:Zaydi
578:Hawza
460:Alevi
448:Usuli
393:Najaf
383:Mecca
313:Jihad
308:Khums
303:Zakat
288:Salat
266:Irfan
106:Hasan
11237:Shia
9634:Rumi
9076:‘Aql
8910:ISBN
8891:ISBN
8847:OCLC
8828:ISBN
8802:ISBN
8776:ISBN
8754:ISBN
8732:2022
8699:ISBN
8680:ISBN
8661:ISBN
8642:ISBN
8623:ISBN
8604:ISBN
8585:ISBN
8566:ISBN
8536:ISBN
8519:OCLC
8497:ISBN
8478:ISBN
8459:ISBN
8440:ISBN
8427:link
8407:ISBN
8361:ISBN
8342:ISBN
8323:ISBN
8302:ISBN
8280:ISBN
8261:ISBN
8239:ISBN
8214:ISBN
8195:ISBN
8168:ISBN
8147:ISBN
8128:OCLC
8101:2011
8078:2012
8065:ISBN
8041:2019
8016:2019
7737:ISBN
7691:2013
7605:2022
7576:2022
7479:2014
7453:2016
7408:2022
7118:ISBN
7083:ISBN
6921:help
6903:help
6873:help
6854:help
6669:ISSN
6630:OCLC
6620:ISBN
6534:ISBN
6486:ISBN
6456:ISBN
6429:ISBN
6402:ISBN
6360:ISBN
6310:help
6245:ISBN
5926:help
5895:2022
5870:2022
5432:help
5260:help
5188:ISBN
5167:help
5142:ISBN
5121:help
5102:help
5096:Nasr
5071:help
4847:2022
4822:2022
4765:ISSN
4566:and
4532:Eid
4445:The
4431:Hajj
4345:news
4292:Nasr
4284:naql
4279:Halm
4271:and
4130:The
4062:and
4060:Umar
4009:and
3979:fiqh
3844:and
3828:and
3796:and
3765:and
3664:Shia
3659:and
3649:and
3631:and
3613:and
3581:Hajj
3575:Hajj
3482:and
3457:Sawm
3414:Wudu
3377:and
3308:Hajj
3274:Sawm
3268:Urdu
3266:and
3244:and
3057:nass
2995:Iraq
2976:and
2960:and
2878:nabi
2847:'Aql
2834:5: 3
2832:and
2795:and
2718:2:34
2229:and
2121:and
2103:Iran
2048:and
2042:'aql
2021:Usul
1995:and
1871:and
1845:and
1798:and
1732:and
1720:and
1685:and
1664:Chad
1648:Oman
1614:and
1608:Iraq
1604:Iran
1597:نَصّ
1588:nass
1581:lit.
587:list
572:list
298:Hajj
293:Sawm
90:The
34:and
12320:'s
11553:al-
11519:al-
10511:of
10500:of
10489:of
10068:Ali
9720:Rum
9709:Kūf
9696:al-
8942:by
6704:doi
6661:doi
6562:doi
4757:doi
4720:عدل
4328:by
4288:aql
4257:Ali
4054:of
3942:el
3798:Qom
3763:Qom
3681:God
3500:خمس
3262:in
3040:God
2989:in
2936:Ali
2809:in
2686:Qom
2389:).
2343:112
2271:).
2175:Qom
1973:).
1959:Qom
1957:of
1826:Ali
1812:or
1808:or
1728:in
1716:in
1708:of
1652:UAE
1556:سنة
1512:).
1251:Ali
730:of
563:Law
423:Qom
101:Ali
48:on
12550::
12424:–
12415:–
12340:–
12304:–
12284:–
12051:–
12042:–
12033:–
12020:–
11405:–
11389:–
11259:–
11221:–
11208:–
11199:–
11180:–
11130:–
11109:–
11064:–
11055:–
11035:–
11022:–
11002:–
10810:–
10801:–
10788:–
10761:–
9711:ī
8822:.
8722:.
8716:.
8556:;
8552:;
8423:}}
8419:{{
8380:.
8340:.
8237:.
8233:.
8032:.
8006:.
8002:.
7682:.
7596:.
7584:^
7567:.
7555:^
7443:.
7425:.
7399:.
7291:^
7156:^
6751:^
6736:^
6710:.
6700:39
6698:.
6675:.
6667:.
6657:44
6655:.
6651:.
6628:.
6591:.
6568:.
6548:^
6358:.
6356:47
6350::
6346:.
6231:^
6196:.
6183:^
5886:.
5861:.
5814:^
5718:^
5527:^
5440:^
5416:^
5383:^
5344:^
5328:.
5316:^
5044:.
5000:.
4976:.
4950:.
4902:.
4878:.
4838:.
4813:.
4801:^
4763:.
4753:10
4751:.
4747:.
4718::
4701::
4607:.
4599:,
4595:,
4591:,
4587:,
4583:,
4579:,
4483:,
4227:.
4058:,
4019:,
3989:.
3950::
3938:,
3878:,
3840:,
3836:,
3824:,
3820:,
3816:,
3812:,
3808:,
3804:,
3466::
3408:,
3294:.
3227:,
3223:,
3091:.
2993:,
2873:.
2744:,
2427::
2419::
2316:is
2296:is
2259:,
2237:.
2233:,
2217:,
2199:.
2177:,
2012:.
1699:,
1694::
1674:.
1662:,
1658:,
1654:,
1650:,
1646:,
1642:,
1638:,
1634:,
1630:,
1626:,
1610:,
1606:,
1595::
1578:,
1574::
1559:,
1554::
1508::
1485:,
1481::
1465::
1445::
1429:;
1425::
831:on
12501::
12074:)
12070:(
12002:)
11996:(
11859:ī
11601:)
11589:(
11445:)
11441:(
10737:)
10733:(
10587:)
10583:(
9784:)
9780:(
9768:)
9764:-
9736:)
9732:(
9472:)
9468:(
9456:)
9452:(
9446:)
9442:(
9436:)
9432:(
9177:)
9173:(
8988:e
8981:t
8974:v
8918:.
8899:.
8853:.
8836:.
8810:.
8784:.
8762:.
8734:.
8707:.
8688:.
8669:.
8650:.
8631:.
8612:.
8593:.
8574:.
8544:.
8525:.
8505:.
8486:.
8467:.
8448:.
8429:)
8415:.
8392:.
8382:4
8369:.
8350:.
8331:.
8310:.
8288:.
8269:.
8247:.
8222:.
8203:.
8155:.
8134:.
8103:.
8080:.
8043:.
8018:.
7745:.
7693:.
7668:.
7607:.
7578:.
7549:.
7524:.
7481:.
7455:.
7410:.
7274:.
7261:.
7249:.
7237:.
7126:.
7089:.
6923:)
6905:)
6875:)
6856:)
6718:.
6706::
6683:.
6663::
6636:.
6601:.
6576:.
6564::
6542:.
6494:.
6464:.
6437:.
6410:.
6368:.
6312:)
6253:.
6207:.
5928:)
5897:.
5872:.
5434:)
5338:.
5262:)
5196:.
5169:)
5150:.
5123:)
5104:)
5073:)
5054:.
5011:.
4986:.
4962:.
4936:.
4915:.
4888:.
4849:.
4824:.
4771:.
4759::
4722:)
4705:)
4553:.
4529:.
4437:.
4423:.
4395:)
4389:(
4384:)
4380:(
4370:·
4363:·
4356:·
4349:·
4322:.
4282:(
4169:)
4163:(
4158:)
4154:(
4150:.
4140:.
3946:(
3497:(
3348:.
3342:.
3314:.
3270:.
2040:(
1969:(
1832:.
1591:(
1570:(
1542:(
1534:(
1504:(
1477:(
1461:(
1441:(
1421:(
1407:e
1400:t
1393:v
811:e
804:t
797:v
589:)
574:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.