1143:
means and procurement divers Canons and
Constitutions Ecclesiastical, contrary to the Laws of this Realm, the Rights and Privileges of Parliament, the Liberty and Property of the Subject, tending also to Sedition, and of dangerous Consequence: And amongst other things the said Archbishop caused a most dangerous and illegal Oath to be therein made and contrived, the Tenour whereof followeth in these Words: That I A. B. do swear, that I do approve the Doctrine and Discipline or Government establish'd in the Church of England, as containing all things necessary to Salvation; and that I will not endeavour by myself, or any other, directly or indirectly, to bring in any Popish Doctrine, contrary to that which is so established: Nor will I ever give my consent to alter the Government of this Church by Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, and Arch-Deacons, &c. as it stands now established, and as by right it ought to stand; nor yet ever to subject it to the Usurpations and Superstitions of the See of Rome. And all these things do I plainly and sincerely acknowledge and swear according to the plain and common Sense and Understanding of the same Words, without any Equivocation or mental Evasion, or secret Reservation whatsoever; and this I do heartily, willingly and truly, upon the Faith of a Christian: So help me God in Jesus Christ. Which Oath the said Archbishop himself did take, and caused divers other Ministers of the Church to take the same, upon pain of Suspension, and Deprivation of their Livings, and other severe Penalties; and did also cause Godfrey, then Bishop of Gloucester, to be committed to Prison, for refusing to subscribe to the said Canons, and to take the said Oath; and afterwards, the said Bishop submitting himself to take the said Oath, he was set at liberty.
1040:
he continued
Prisoner for the space of half a Year or more, for no other cause but for calling for the Petition of Right, and causing it to be read at the Sessions of the Peace for that County, upon a just and necessary occasion; and during the time of his said Imprisonment, the said Archbishop, without any colour of Right, by a Writing under the Seal of his Archbishoprick, granted away parcel of the Glebe-Land of the Church of Adderly in the said County, whereof the said Sir John Corbet was then Patron, unto Robert Viscount Kilmurry, without the consent of the said Sir John, or the then Incumbent of the said Church: which said Viscount Kilmurry built a Chappel upon the said parcel of Glebe-Land, to the great prejudice of the said Sir John Corbet, which hath caused great Suits and Dissensions between them. And whereas the said Sir John Corbet had a Judgment against Sir James Stonehouse Knight, in an Action of Waste, in his Majesty's Court of Common-Pleas at Westminster, which was afterwards affirmed in a Writ of Error in the King's-Bench, and Execution thereupon awarded; yet the said Sir John, by means of the said Archbishop, could not have the effect thereof, but was committed to the Prison by the said Archbishop, and others at the Council-Table, until he had submitted himself unto the Order of the said Table; whereby he lost the benefit of the said Judgment and Execution.
1793:
them tending to Popery and
Superstition, to the great Grievance and Discontent of his Majesty's Subjects of that Nation; and for their refusing to submit to such Innovations, he did traiterously advise his Majesty to subdue them by force of Arms, and by his own Authority and Power, contrary to Law, did procure sundry of his Majesty's Subjects, and enforced the Clergy of this Kingdom to contribute towards the maintenance of that War: And when his Majesty, with much Wisdom and Justice, had made a Pacification betwixt the two Kingdoms, the said Archbishop did presumptuously censure that Pacification, as dishonourable to his Majesty, and by his Counsels and Endeavours so incensed his Majesty against his said Subjects of Scotland, that he did thereupon (by Advice of the said Archbishop) enter into an offensive War against them, to the great hazard of his Majesty's Person, and his Subjects of both Kingdoms.
1773:
to the
Property and Liberty of the Subject, and matters tending to Sedition, and of dangerous Consequence, and to the establishment of a vast unlawful, and presumptuous Power in himself, and his Successors; many of which Canons, by the practice of the said Archbishop, were surreptitiously passed in the late Convocation, without due Consideration and Debate; others by Fear and Compulsion were subscribed by the Prelates and Clerks there assembled, which had never been voted and passed in the Convocation as they ought to have been. And the said Archbishop hath contrived and endeavoured to assure and confirm the unlawful and exorbitant Power which he hath usurped and exercised over his Majesty's Subjects by a wicked and ungodly Oath in one of the said pretended Canons, enjoined to be taken by all the Clergy; and many of the Laity of this Kingdom.
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Laws and
Statutes of the Realm; and for manifestation thereof, about six Years last past, being then a Privy Counsellor to his Majesty, and sitting at the Council-Table, he said, 'That as long as he sat there, they should know that an Order of that Board should be of equal force with a Law or Act of Parliament.'And at another time used these words, 'That he hoped e're long that the Canons of the Church, and the King's Prerogative, should be of as great Power as an Act of Parliament.'And at another time said, 'That those that would not yield to the King's Power, he would crush them to pieces.'
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received, harboured, and relieved divers Popish
Priests and Jesuits, namely one called Sancta Clara, alias Damport, a dangerous Person, and Franciscan Friar; who having written a popish and feditious Book, intitled, Deus natura gratia, wherein the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England, establish'd by Act of Parliament, were much traduced and scandaliz'd, the said Archbishop had divers Conferences with him while he was in writing the said Book; and did also provide Maintenance and Entertainment for one Monsieur St. Gyles, a Popish Priest at Oxford, knowing him to be a Popish Priest.
971:
Parliament to be dissolved, to the great
Grievance of his Majesty's Subjects, and Prejudice of this Common-Wealth: And soon after the dissolution thereof, gave divers Propositions under his hand to George then Duke of Bucks, casting therein many false Aspersions upon the said Parliament, calling it a Factious Parliament, and falsely affirming, that it had cast many Scandals upon his Majesty, and had used him like a Child in his Minority, stiling them Puritans, and commending the Papists for harmless and peaceable Subjects.
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contrary to the
Articles of Religion establish'd by Law. He hath urged and enjoined divers Popish and Superstitious Ceremonies without any warrant of Law, and hath cruelly persecuted those who have opposed the same, by corporal Punishments and Imprisonments, and most unjustly vexed others, who refused to conform thereunto, by Ecclesiastical Censures of Excommunication, Suspension, Deprivation, and Degradation, contrary to the Laws of this Kingdom.
1777:
Ecelesiastical
Matters; and the said Archbishop claims the King's Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, as incident to his Episcopal Office, and Archiepiscopal in his Kingdom, and doth deny the same to be derived from the Crown of England, which he hath accordingly exercised, to the high Contempt of his Royal Majesty, and to the Destruction of divers of the King's Liege People in their Persons and Estates.
1062:
wilfully and maliciously caused the said Gifts, Feoffments, and
Conveyances made to the Uses aforesaid, to be overthrown in his Majesty's Court of Exchequer, contrary to Law, as things dangerous to the Church and State, under the specious pretence of buying in Impropriations; whereby that pious Work was suppressed and trodden down, to the great Dishonour of God, and Scandal of Religion.
1024:
Solicitations, and other undue Means used to the Judges of that Court, caused Execution upon the said Judgment to be stayed; and being moved therein, and made acquainted with the bad Life and Conversation of the said Parson, he said, That he had spoken to the Judges for him, and that he would never suffer a Judgment to pass against any Clergyman by Nihil dicit.
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Instruments treated with such as have from thence received Authority and Instruction: he hath permitted and countenanced a Popish Hierarchy or Ecclesiastical Government to be established in this Kingdom. By all which traiterous and malicious Practices, this Church and Kingdom hath been exceeding endangered, and like to fall under the Tyranny of the Roman See.
759:; initially they were in vague and general terms. While they are often said to be 14 definite points, the sources differ. The second set of articles from over two years later raise more specific charges. It is unclear whether the original verbal charges can be recovered accurately from the published versions, some of which can be considered
1159:
Majesty; the said Archbishop wickedly and maliciously advised his Majesty to dissolve the said Parliament, and accordingly the same was dissolved: And presently after the said Archbishop told his Majesty, That now he was absolved from all Rules of Government, and left free to use extraordinary ways for his Supply.
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5 He hath traiterously caused a Book of Canons to be composed and published without any lawful Warrant and Authority in that behalf; in which pretended Canons many matters are contained contrary to the King's Prerogative, to the Fundamental Laws and Statutes of this Realm, to the Right of Parliament,
1796:
The said Commons do further aver, that the said William Archbishop of Canterbury, during the times that the Crimes afore mentioned were done and committed, hath been a Bishop, or Archbishop of this Realm of England, one of the King's Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Matters, and one of his Majesty's
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10. He hath traiterously and wickedly endeavoured to reconcile the Church of England with the Church of Rome; and for the effecting thereof, hath consorted and confederated with divers Popish Priests and Jesuits, and hath kept secret Intelligence with the Pope of Rome; and by himself, his Agents and
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9. He hath, for the same traiterous and wicked Intent, chosen and employ'd such Men to be his own domestical Chaplains, whom he knew to be notoriously disaffected to the Reformed Religion, grosly addicted to Popish Superstition, and erroneous and unsound both in Judgment and Practice: and to them or
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2. He hath, for the better accomplishment of that his traiterous Design, advised and procured Sermons, and other Discourses, to be preached, printed and published, in which the Authority of Parliaments, and the Force of the Laws of this Kingdom have been denied, and absolute and unlimited power over
1764:
1. That he hath traiterously endeavoured to subvert the Fundamental Laws and Government of this Kingdom of England, and instead thereof, to introduce an arbitrary and tyrannical Government against Law; and to that end hath wickedly and traiterously advised his Majesty, that he might, at his own Will
1760:
Mr. Pym coming to the Lords Bar to present the Articles, spake as followeth. My Lords, I am commanded by the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, now assembled for the Commons in Parliament, to deliver to your Lordships these Articles in maintenance of their Charge against the Archbishop of Canterbury.
1723:
The speech or declaration of John Pymm, esq. to the Lords of the Upper House, upon the delivery of the articles of the Commons assembled in Parliament, against William Lavd, Archbishop of Canterbury, in maintenance of their accusation, whereby he stands charged of high treason. Together with a true
1142:
That in or about the Month of May 1640, presently after the Dissolution of the last Parliament, the said Archbishop, for the ends and purposes aforesaid, caused a Synod or Convocation of the Clergy to be held for the several Provinces of Canterbury and York; wherein were made and established by his
1061:
That whereas divers Gifts, and dispositions of divers Sums of Money were heretofore made by divers charitable and well-disposed Persons, for the buying in of divers Impropriations for the maintenance of preaching the Word of God in several Churches, the said Archbishop, about eight Years last past,
1039:
That the said Archbishop, about eight Years last past, being then also a Privy-Counsellor to his Majesty, for the end and purpose aforesaid, caused Sir John Corbet of Stoake in the County of Salop Baroner, then a Justice of Peace of the said County, to be committed to the Prison of the Fleet, where
1023:
That for the end and purpose aforesaid, about seven Years last past, a Judgment being given in his Majesty's Court of Kings-Bench against one Burley a Parson, being a Man of bad Life and Conversation, in an Information upon the Statute of 21 Hen. 8. for wilful Non Residency; the said Archbishop, by
1792:
He hath maliciously and traiterously plotted and endeavoured to stir up War and Enmity betwixt his Majesty's two Kingdoms of England and Scotland, and to that purpose hath laboured to introduce into the Kingdom of Scotland divers Innovations both in Religion and Government, all or the most part of
1002:
That the said Archbishop, to advance the Canons of the Church, and Power Ecclesiastical above the Law of the Land, and to pervert and hinder the course of Justice, hath at divers times within the said time, by his Letters, and other undue Means and Solicitations used to Judges, opposed and stopped
986:
That within the space of ten Years last past, the said Archbishop hath treacherously endeavoured to subvert the Fundamental Laws of this Realm; and to that end hath in like manner endeavoured to advance the Power of the Council-Table, the Canons of the Church, and the King's Prerogative, above the
1780:
7. That he hath traiterously endeavoured to alter and subvert God's true Religion, by Law established in this Realm, and instead thereof to set up Popish Superstition and Idolatry. And to that end, hath declared and maintained in Speeches, and printed Books, divers Popish Doctrines and Opinions,
1158:
That a little before the calling of the last Parliament, Anno 1640. a Vote being then passed, and a Resolution taken at the Council-Table, by the Advice of the said Archbishop, for assisting of the King in extraordinary ways, if the said Parliament should prove peevish, and refuse to supply his
1112:
That the said Archbishop, about four Years last past, at Westminster aforesaid, said, That there must be a Blow given to the Church, such as hath not been yet given, before it could be brought to Conformity; declaring thereby his Intention to be, to shake and alter the true Protestant Religion
1082:
That the said Archbishop at several times within these ten Years last past, at Westminster, and elsewhere within this Realm, contrary to the known Laws of this Land, hath endeavoured to advance Popery and Superstition within this Realm: and for that end and purpose hath wittingly and willingly
970:
That the said Archbishop of Canterbury, to introduce an Arbitrary Government within this Realm, and to destroy Parliaments, in the third and fourth Years of his Majesty's Reign that now is, a Parliament being then called, and sitting at Westminster, traiterously and maliciously caused the said
1776:
6. He hath traiterously assumed to himself a papal and tyrannical Power, both in Ecclesiastical and Temporal Matters, over his Majesty's Subjects in this Realm of England, and in other places, to the disherison of the Crown, dishonour of his Majesty, and derogation of his Supreme Authority in
673:
The trial has been called a "travesty of justice", in that Laud was clearly innocent of the major charges, which were not seriously documented even given the run of his private papers. Testimony against him was subject to tampering. On the other hand, Laud's defence of his own actions was not
934:
The second set of impeachment articles was voted by the Commons on 23 October 1643 and sent to the Lords. It was a more serious attempt to set out a legal case that could be brought to trial. These articles were given in extended form in the collections of Rushworth. Summaries were made by
1700:
A Complete Collection of State-Trials And Proceedings for High-Treason and other Crimes and Misdemeanours: Commencing with the Eleventh Year of the Reign of King Richard II. And Ending with the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of King George III.: With Two Alphabetical Tables to the
1133:
That after the dissolution of the last parliament, he had caused a convocation to be held, in which sundry canons were made contrary to the rights and privileges of parliament, and an illegal oath imposed upon the clergy, with certain penalties, commonly known by the
1769:
the Persons and Estates of his Majesty's Subjects maintained and defended, not only in the King, but in himself, and other Bishops, against the Law; and he hath been a great protector, favourer, and promoter of the publishers of such false and pernicious Opinions.
1003:
the granting of his Majesty's Writs of Prohibition, where the same ought to have been granted, for stay of Proceedings in the Ecclesiastical Court, whereby justice hath been delayed and hindered, and the Judges diverted from doing their Duties.
1181:
had a hand in reviving the stalled prosecution, in 1643, having regard to the views of the Scots and his own position. Legal proceedings were started in November 1643, but initial delays occupied some months. On 28 December, as Laud recorded,
854:
That, by divers undue means and practices, he hath gotten into his hands the power and nominating of ministers to spiritual promotions, and hath presented none but slanderous men thereunto; and that he hath presented corrupt chaplains to his
1014:
That judgment having been given in the court of King's bench against Mr. Burley, a clergyman of a bad character, for nonresidence, he had caused the judgment to be stayed, saying he would never suffer judgment to pass upon any clergyman by
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That he had said at Westminster there must be a blow given to the church, such as had not been given, before it could be brought to conformity, declaring thereby his intention to alter the true Protestant religion established in it.
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Their Desire is, That first your Lordships would be pleased to hear the Articles read: and then I shall endeavour to present to you the Sense of the Commons, concerning the nature of the Charge, and the order of their Proceedings.
1785:
some of them hath he committed the Licensing of Books to be printed, by which means divers false and superstitious Books have been published, to the great Scandal of Religion, and to the feducing of many of his Majesty's Subjects.
791:
The first set of charges was from early 1641 (N.S.). Laud was sent to the Tower in late February or March 1641, supposedly on 14 charges. These are variously recorded and documented, in versions that are ample but inconsistent.
888:
endeavoured to set a division between the King and his subjects, and hath gone about to bring in innovations into the church, as by the remonstrances may appear, and hath induced the king to this war with the Scots
2378:
The Lives of the Puritans: Containing a Biographical Account of Those Divines who Distinguished Themselves in the Cause of Religious Liberty, from the Reformation Under Queen Elizabeth, to the Act of Uniformity in
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That large sums of money having been contributed for buying in impropriations, the archbishop had caused the feoffments to be overthrown into his majesty's exchequer, and by that means suppressed the design.
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That upon the abrupt dissolving of the short parliament 1640, he had told the king, he was now absolved from all rules of government, and at liberty to make use of extraordinary methods for supply.
851:
That, by false erroneous doctrines, and other sinister ways and means, he went about to subvert religion, established in this kingdom, and to set up popery and superstition in the church .
898:
designs, from the first year of his now Majesty's reign, until now, he hath laboured to subvert the rights of parliamentary proceedings, and to incense his Majesty against parliaments .
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1797:
most Honourable Privy-Council, and hath taken an Oath for his faithful discharge of the said Office of Counsellor, and hath likewise taken an Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance.
870:
That to suppress preaching, he hath suspended divers good and honest ministers, and hath used unlawful means, by letters, and otherwise, to set all bishops to suppress them.
914:'s collections is not apparently as complete; or Prynne's version may contain interpolations. A summary of the whole case out of other volumes of state trials (edited by
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or subject to editorial additions. Besides the English parliamentary situation, pressure from Scottish presbyterians played a part in the outcome: their views were in
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1236:. The first 20 days of the trial fell into a pattern of the prosecution presenting their case in the morning, a two-hour break, and Laud answering in the afternoon.
982:
That for ten years before the present parliament, he had endeavoured to advance the council-table, the canons of the church, and the king's prerogative, above law.
845:
endeavoured the incroachment of jurisdiction, institution of canons, and they are not only against law, but prejudicial, and against the liberties of the subjects .
867:
y endeavoured to reconcile us to the church of Rome; and to that end hath employed a Jesuit, a papist, and hath wrought with the pope's agents in several points.
879:
endeavoured to suppress the French religion here with us, being the same religion we are of, and also the Dutch church, and to set division between them and us.
739:. In mid-1641 the judicial effort against King Charles's "evil consellors" was bogged down: on 12 July an effort was made to expedite the trials of Laud and
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That his own ministers, as Heywood, Layfield, and others, are notoriously disaffected to religion; and he hath given power of licensing of books to them.
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The trial proper began on 12 March 1644. The impeachment trial ran on to 29 July. It was in front of the House of Lords, which at this stage of the
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That he had caused sir John Corbet to be committed to the Fleet for six months, only for causing the petition of right to be read at the sessions.
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and Pleasure, levy and take Money of his Subjects, without their Consent in Parliament: and this he affirmed was warrantable by the Law of God.
689:, whose fate he would eventually share. While the impeachment of Strafford proceeded shortly, Laud's case was neglected until a point in 1643.
17:
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went about to interrupt the judges, by his threatenings, and other means, to constrain them to give false judgment in the case of ship-money .
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testified that Laud had factional Catholic support in Rome and had eased the Church of England's relations with the Roman Catholic Church.
743:, Strafford's supporter, but it failed. Thirteen bishops had been made subject to impeachment proceedings in 1640, in connection with the
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That he had stopped writs of prohibition to stay proceedings in the ecclesiastical courts, when the same ought to have been granted.
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That he hath traitorously assumed to himself a capital power over his Majesty's subjects, denying his power of prelacy from the King.
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The Harleian miscellany:: a collection of scarce, curious, and entertaining pamphlets and tracts, as well in manuscript as in print
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conducted with full candour; and lesser charges sometimes stuck, despite his astute use of denial of personal responsibility.
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787:. Burton's ears have been cut off as punishment for criticizing Laud. Their dialogue references Laud's impending beheading.
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and the English parliament. When charges were actually brought, their main thrust was that Laud had run an ecclesiastical
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643:, took place in stages in the first half of the 1640s, and resulted in his execution on treason charges. At first an
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The History of the Puritans: or, Protestant nonconformists: from the Reformation in 1517, to the Revolution in 1688
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That the archbishop had endeavoured to destroy the use of parliaments, and to introduce an arbitrary government.
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was also placed in evidence. An example brought up relating to lay property rights was the abbacy of Arbroath.
747:. In October 1641 Denzil Holles requested that the House of Lords should move forward with this impeachment.
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1742:. Printed for John White, and John Murray, Fleet-Street; and John Harding, St. James's-Street. p. 468
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In the end the impeachment proceedings were halted. On 30 October 1644 Parliament heard a sermon from
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moved his impeachment in the Lords. This was not a close confinement, and he was allowed a visit to
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That, to save and preserve himself from being questioned and sentenced from these and other his
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Arrested in late 1640, Laud was held initially for tactical reasons in the struggle between
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Governed By Opinion: Politics, Religion and the Dynamics of Communication in Stuart London
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The Charge of the Scottish Commissioners against Canterburie and the Lieutenant of Ireland
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to confront Laud in his room, asking "in a boisterous manner" whether Laud repented.
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That he had harboured and relieved divers Popish priests, contrary to law.
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Treason and the State: Law, Politics and Ideology in the English Civil War
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Treason and the State: Law, Politics and Ideology in the English Civil War
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That he hath taken bribes, and sold justice in the high commission court .
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The life and times of William Laud, D. D., Lord Archbishop of Canterbury
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https://archive.org/stream/theworksofthemos04lauduoft#page/n43/mode/2up
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Historical Collections of Private Passages of State: Volume 3: 1639-40
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His countenancing of books for the maintenance of his unlimited power
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The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, William Laud, D. D. ...
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1415:. Prominent among the advocates of attainder was Sir Samuel Browne.
1295:, testified that Laud had tried to enforce bowing towards the altar.
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of the king. The prosecution case was argued from the standpoint of
2881:"The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century – Online Library of Liberty"
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The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, William Laud, D.D.
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Mary Oakes on behalf of her late husband John Oakes, a printer.
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George Huntley of Kent, clergyman imprisoned for nonconformity.
807:'s speech to the Lords was published. A version of a pamphlet
910:(1641), for the date 26 February 1640 (O.S.) The version in
662:. This was supposed to have happened under the cover of the
1928:
https://books.google.com/books?id=2iNDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA267
1920:
https://books.google.com/books?id=oJwrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PT179
2277:
1666:
The Experience of Revolution in Stuart Britain and Ireland
2715:
Eales, Jacqueline. "White, John, called Century White".
1173:
The trial was precipitated by Laud's refusal to present
1117:
At the trial Laud claimed credit for the appointment as
647:, the parliamentary legal proceedings became an act of
1220:
acting as solicitor. Laud's legal team was made up of
1301:. He testified to changes Laud had made to ritual as
727:
Political situation in the English Parliament in 1641
1736:
Thomas Park; Edward Harley Oxford (Earl of) (1809).
1418:
Laud was beheaded on Tower Hill on 10 January 1645.
1373:. He testified on the legal proceedings against the
1335:
had been obstructed by Laud in his right to appoint
1812:"Historical Collections: The trial of William Laud"
1663:Michael J. Braddick; David L. Smith (9 June 2011).
1535:
2091:
1669:. Cambridge University Press. p. 24 note 54.
902:There is a different version attributed to Pym in
2281:Remarkable Passages in the Life of William Kiffin
1186:whose father was Lieutenant of the Tower brought
2933:
1696:
1411:, and the following day moved to the process of
1046:Sir John Corbet, 1st Baronet, of Stoke upon Tern
817:. The points in this version, abbreviated, are:
1856:
1095:. The trial heard of the release of the Jesuit
2419:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
2371:
1852:
1850:
1385:'s works by Laudians before their publication.
755:The articles against Laud were brought to the
2515:
1305:, and prejudice to the lecturer John Workman.
779:This 1645 satirical print depicts Archbishop
704:and his papers. He was later confined to the
613:
2908:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2853:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2820:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2787:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2754:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2721:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2688:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2655:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2622:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2589:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2556:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2469:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2436:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2345:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2312:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2251:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2218:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2185:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2050:
2015:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1982:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1949:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1805:
1803:
1651:The Noble Revolt: the overthrow of Charles I
1610:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1577:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1566:
1564:
1509:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2873:
2151:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 218.
2144:
1863:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 217.
1847:
1653:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2007), p. 417.
1475:. Cambridge University Press. p. 102.
1468:
1441:. Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
1434:
1254:testified to ritual innovations imposed at
735:, in particular from committee work around
2682:Baron, S. A. "Weckherlin, Georg Rudolph".
2085:
1809:
620:
606:
51:
2076:History of the Great Civil War, 1642–1649
1943:Cambers, A. P. "Davenport, Christopher".
1800:
1561:
1239:
1099:, over which Laud denied responsibility.
27:1640s treason trial in the House of Lords
2550:Wroughton, John. "Oldisworth, Michael".
2119:
774:
750:
713:
692:Laud was first placed in the custody of
2905:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2850:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2817:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2814:Larminie, Vivienne. "Culmer, Richard".
2784:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2751:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2748:Larminie, Vivienne. "Clerke, Richard".
2718:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2685:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2652:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2619:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2586:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2553:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2466:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2433:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2342:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2309:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2248:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2215:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2182:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2138:
2012:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1979:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1946:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1607:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1574:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1506:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
687:Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford
14:
2934:
2113:
1529:
1428:
1091:. Laud denied licensing his 1634 book
731:The indictment of Laud arose from the
711:Laud was eventually executed in 1645.
2902:Hart Jr., James S. "Browne, Samuel".
2781:Eales, Jacqueline. "Wilson, Thomas".
2549:
2463:Gaunt, Peter. "Mackworth, Humphrey".
2306:Larminie, Vivienne. "Hoyle, Joshua".
2278:William Kiffin; William Orme (1823).
2212:Bell, Mark Robert. "Corbet, Edward".
2178:
1726:. Published 1641 by R. Mabb in London
1638:The Outbreak of the English Civil War
1545:. J. G. & F. Rivington. pp.
1113:establish'd in the Church of England.
929:
696:, on the day (18 December 1640) when
149:17th-century denominations in England
2901:
2813:
2747:
2649:Appleby, John C. "Vassall, Samuel".
2429:
2305:
1930:, cited from Prynne in Laud's Works
1571:Palmer, William. "St John, Oliver".
119:Arminianism in the Church of England
2648:
2403:
2008:
1942:
1603:
1168:
795:One version is in the 18th-century
24:
2847:Kelsey, Sean. "Whitford, Walter".
2846:
2583:Allen, Elizabeth. "Smart, Peter".
2009:Hegarty, A. J. "Potter, Barnaby".
1975:
1838:A Treatise on Federal Impeachments
1818:. Institute of Historical Research
1570:
1503:Milton, Anthony. "Laud, William".
1502:
1277:testified to religious changes at
1200:The prosecution team consisted of
1197:consisted of about a dozen peers.
811:(1641) was later published in the
677:
25:
2978:
2967:Impeachment in the United Kingdom
2780:
2714:
2681:
2615:
2582:
2462:
2430:Knighton, C. S. "Langley, John".
2338:
2245:Hunt, Arnold. "Featley, Daniel".
926:) was made by Alexander Simpson.
908:Antipathie of the Lordly Prelacie
685:was arrested at the same time as
2942:History of the Church of England
2616:Baron, S. A. "Sparke, Michael".
2416:Dictionary of National Biography
2410:"Jackson, Thomas (d.1646)"
2244:
2211:
1604:Lindley, Keith. "Glynne, John".
770:
344:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
2895:
2840:
2807:
2774:
2741:
2708:
2675:
2642:
2609:
2576:
2543:
2522:. I. B. Tauris. pp. 102–.
2509:
2489:
2456:
2423:
2397:
2365:
2339:Scott, David. "Hoyle, Thomas".
2332:
2299:
2271:
2238:
2205:
2179:Wroughton, John. "Ashe, John".
2172:
2065:
2044:
2035:
2002:
1976:Holmes, Peter. "Morse, Henry".
1969:
1936:
1908:
1884:
1830:
1754:
1729:
1716:
1690:
259:Westminster Confession of Faith
219:History under Queen Elizabeth I
2516:Dagmar Freist (15 June 1997).
1924:Journals of the House of Lords
1704:. Bathurst. p. 1643 years
1656:
1643:
1640:, Edward Arnold (1985), p. 85.
1630:
1597:
1496:
1462:
18:Impeachment of Archbishop Laud
13:
1:
1268:'s censorship of his sermons.
2922:UK public library membership
2867:UK public library membership
2834:UK public library membership
2801:UK public library membership
2768:UK public library membership
2735:UK public library membership
2702:UK public library membership
2669:UK public library membership
2636:UK public library membership
2603:UK public library membership
2570:UK public library membership
2483:UK public library membership
2450:UK public library membership
2359:UK public library membership
2326:UK public library membership
2265:UK public library membership
2232:UK public library membership
2199:UK public library membership
2029:UK public library membership
1996:UK public library membership
1963:UK public library membership
1624:UK public library membership
1591:UK public library membership
1523:UK public library membership
1469:D. Alan Orr (13 June 2002).
1435:D. Alan Orr (13 June 2002).
1402:
1377:, and actions taken against
229:History under King Charles I
7:
1542:The Life of Archbishop Laud
1375:feoffees for impropriations
1068:Feoffees for Impropriations
952:Article summarised in Neal
10:
2983:
1901:vol. 2 (1837), pp. 286–7;
1724:copie of the said articles
1345:testified to a comment of
1271:Thomas Foxley, imprisoned.
809:Accusation and Impeachment
379:Immigration to New England
224:History under King James I
68:Springfield, Massachusetts
2500:A Life of Archbishop Laud
1697:Francis Hargrave (1776).
1066:On the winding-up of the
954:
951:
948:
364:Providence Island Company
234:Cromwellian era and after
169:Definitions of Puritanism
144:Ecclesiastical separatism
2101:. Rivington. p. 457
2078:vol. 2 (1889) pp. 40–1;
1857:Charles Carlton (1987).
1421:
1365:Georg Rudolph Weckherlin
1327:. He testified that the
641:archbishop of Canterbury
369:Massachusetts Bay Colony
294:Trial of Archbishop Laud
239:History in North America
2148:Archbishop William Laud
1860:Archbishop William Laud
1195:First English Civil War
1087:The article references
941:History of the Puritans
894:
884:
875:
863:
841:
829:
578:Congregational churches
536:The Godly Man's Picture
404:American exceptionalism
139:English Presbyterianism
2859:10.1093/ref:odnb/29309
2793:10.1093/ref:odnb/40533
2727:10.1093/ref:odnb/29254
2694:10.1093/ref:odnb/28949
2661:10.1093/ref:odnb/28120
2628:10.1093/ref:odnb/37997
2595:10.1093/ref:odnb/25745
2562:10.1093/ref:odnb/20693
2475:10.1093/ref:odnb/37716
2442:10.1093/ref:odnb/16025
2351:10.1093/ref:odnb/66724
2318:10.1093/ref:odnb/14014
2191:10.1093/ref:odnb/66499
2072:Samuel Rawson Gardiner
2021:10.1093/ref:odnb/22605
1988:10.1093/ref:odnb/19334
1616:10.1093/ref:odnb/10843
1583:10.1093/ref:odnb/24504
1515:10.1093/ref:odnb/16112
1279:Trinity College Dublin
1256:Merton College, Oxford
1240:Witnesses against Laud
1125:, a strong Calvinist.
788:
723:
718:The trial of Laud, by
557:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
543:The Pilgrim's Progress
384:Culture in New England
334:Act of Uniformity 1662
179:Puritan Sabbatarianism
64:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
2947:Puritanism in England
2914:10.1093/ref:odnb/3697
2883:. oll.libertyfund.org
2826:10.1093/ref:odnb/6881
2760:10.1093/ref:odnb/5630
2257:10.1093/ref:odnb/9242
2224:10.1093/ref:odnb/6286
2057:J.H. Parker. p.
2051:William Laud (1854).
1955:10.1093/ref:odnb/7199
1089:Christopher Davenport
955:Article in Rushworth
778:
751:Articles against Laud
717:
421:Troubles at Frankfurt
389:Christmas prohibition
304:Vestments controversy
62:, an 1887 statue by
2382:. J. Black. p.
2145:Carlton, C. (1987).
2041:Trevor-Roper p. 417.
1093:Deus, natura, gratia
660:state within a state
656:Charles I of England
571:Continuing movements
289:Scrooby Congregation
1840:(1916), pp. 122–4;
1836:Alexander Simpson,
1537:Charles Webb Le Bas
924:Thomas Bayly Howell
814:Harleian Collection
432:Notable individuals
329:English Restoration
99:English Reformation
2496:Thomas Longueville
2284:. Burton. p.
2093:John Parker Lawson
1636:Anthony Fletcher,
1347:Augustine Lindsell
1325:Michael Oldisworth
1309:Humphrey Mackworth
1303:Dean of Gloucester
1119:bishop of Carlisle
930:Additional charges
789:
724:
374:Salem witch trials
319:Grand Remonstrance
314:Millenary Petition
269:Cambridge Platform
194:Puritan work ethic
124:English Dissenters
2920:(Subscription or
2865:(Subscription or
2832:(Subscription or
2799:(Subscription or
2766:(Subscription or
2733:(Subscription or
2700:(Subscription or
2667:(Subscription or
2634:(Subscription or
2601:(Subscription or
2568:(Subscription or
2529:978-1-86064-110-7
2481:(Subscription or
2448:(Subscription or
2357:(Subscription or
2324:(Subscription or
2263:(Subscription or
2230:(Subscription or
2197:(Subscription or
2120:Laud, W. (1854).
2027:(Subscription or
1994:(Subscription or
1961:(Subscription or
1870:978-0-7102-0463-9
1676:978-0-521-86896-9
1622:(Subscription or
1589:(Subscription or
1521:(Subscription or
1482:978-0-521-77102-3
1448:978-0-521-77102-3
1166:
1165:
1160:
1144:
1114:
1084:
1063:
1041:
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988:
972:
630:
629:
591:Reformed churches
585:
399:Half-Way Covenant
324:English Civil War
309:Martin Marprelate
264:Savoy Declaration
16:(Redirected from
2974:
2957:1640s in England
2952:Trials in London
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2502:(1894), p. 438;
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1823:
1810:John Rushworth.
1807:
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1333:lord chamberlain
1329:Earl of Pembroke
1169:The trial begins
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1038:
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832:
801:Francis Hargrave
741:George Ratcliffe
720:Wenceslas Hollar
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581:
475:Jonathan Edwards
450:William Bradford
55:
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1424:
1409:Edmund Staunton
1405:
1337:royal chaplains
1242:
1226:Richard Gerrard
1210:Robert Nicholas
1184:Isaac Penington
1171:
932:
803:. A version of
773:
753:
737:Sir John Glynne
733:Long Parliament
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706:Tower of London
680:
678:Laud in custody
626:
597:
596:
595:
572:
564:
563:
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521:
520:
519:
515:Robert Woodford
490:Increase Mather
480:Anne Hutchinson
465:Oliver Cromwell
455:Anne Bradstreet
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2407:, ed. (1892).
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2373:Benjamin Brook
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1895:Joshua Toulmin
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1379:Edward Bagshaw
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1359:Samuel Vassall
1356:
1353:Michael Sparke
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1293:Thomas Jackson
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1262:Daniel Featley
1259:
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1222:Chaloner Chute
1218:William Prynne
1179:Oliver St John
1170:
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1155:
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1136:et cetera oath
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1123:Barnaby Potter
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912:John Rushworth
904:William Prynne
900:
899:
890:
880:
873:That, he hath
871:
868:
859:
856:
852:
849:
846:
837:
834:
825:
822:
772:
769:
761:pamphleteering
757:House of Lords
752:
749:
745:Laudian canons
728:
725:
702:Lambeth Palace
679:
676:
628:
627:
625:
624:
617:
610:
602:
599:
598:
594:
593:
587:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
561:
560:
553:
546:
539:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
518:
517:
512:
507:
505:Roger Williams
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
435:
430:
429:
426:
425:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
347:
346:
341:
339:Great Ejection
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
272:
271:
266:
261:
255:
254:
251:
250:
247:
246:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
202:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
165:
164:
162:Crucial themes
161:
160:
157:
156:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2979:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2160:
2158:9780710204639
2154:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:Thomas Wilson
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:Henry Mildmay
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:testified to
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:Edward Corbet
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Samuel Browne
1198:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:to a living.
1176:
1175:Edward Corbet
1162:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
990:
984:
981:
978:
977:
974:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
947:
944:
942:
938:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:Thomas Salmon
913:
909:
905:
896:
891:
886:
882:That he hath
881:
877:
872:
869:
865:
861:That he hath
860:
857:
853:
850:
847:
843:
839:That he hath
838:
835:
831:
826:
823:
820:
819:
818:
816:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
786:
782:
777:
771:First charges
768:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
721:
716:
712:
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:Denzil Holles
695:
690:
688:
684:
675:
671:
669:
665:
664:personal rule
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
603:
601:
600:
592:
588:
584:
579:
576:
575:
568:
567:
559:
558:
554:
552:
551:
550:Paradise Lost
547:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:
533:
532:
525:
524:
516:
513:
511:
510:John Winthrop
508:
506:
503:
501:
500:Thomas Parker
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
485:Cotton Mather
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:John Endecott
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Peter Bulkley
438:
437:
433:
428:
427:
422:
414:
413:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
354:
353:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Marian exiles
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
279:
278:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
249:
248:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
209:
208:
200:
199:Merton thesis
197:
195:
192:
190:
189:Puritan choir
187:
185:
184:Millennialism
182:
180:
177:
175:
174:Impropriation
172:
170:
167:
166:
159:
158:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
134:Nonconformism
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
89:Protestantism
87:
85:
82:
81:
74:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2903:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2875:
2848:
2842:
2815:
2809:
2782:
2776:
2749:
2743:
2716:
2710:
2683:
2677:
2650:
2644:
2617:
2611:
2584:
2578:
2551:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2518:
2511:
2499:
2491:
2464:
2458:
2431:
2425:
2414:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2377:
2367:
2340:
2334:
2307:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2280:
2273:
2246:
2240:
2213:
2207:
2180:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2147:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2122:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2097:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2010:
2004:
1977:
1971:
1944:
1938:
1923:
1916:State Trials
1915:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1859:
1837:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1815:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1738:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1699:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1665:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1605:
1599:
1572:
1551:. Retrieved
1541:
1531:
1504:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1471:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1437:
1430:
1417:
1406:
1395:The case of
1394:
1314:Anthony and
1299:John Langley
1285:Thomas Hoyle
1275:Joshua Hoyle
1266:William Bray
1230:Matthew Hale
1206:John Maynard
1199:
1192:
1172:
1092:
1016:
940:
933:
920:Sollom Emlyn
907:
901:
885:traiterously
876:traiterously
842:traiterously
830:traiterously
812:
808:
797:State Trials
796:
794:
790:
785:Henry Burton
783:and Puritan
781:William Laud
764:
754:
730:
710:
691:
683:William Laud
681:
672:
653:
636:William Laud
633:
631:
555:
548:
541:
534:
394:Praying town
129:Independents
84:Christianity
58:
29:
2962:1644 in law
2887:26 November
2504:archive.org
2405:Lee, Sidney
2164:26 November
2130:26 November
2080:archive.org
1903:archive.org
1891:Daniel Neal
1842:archive.org
1343:Peter Smart
1188:Thomas Weld
1097:Henry Morse
1017:nihil dicit
937:Daniel Neal
864:traiterousl
668:Erastianism
645:impeachment
495:James Noyes
460:John Cotton
445:John Bunyan
252:Confessions
114:Arminianism
109:Anglicanism
94:Reformation
59:The Puritan
2936:Categories
2924:required.)
2869:required.)
2836:required.)
2803:required.)
2770:required.)
2737:required.)
2704:required.)
2671:required.)
2638:required.)
2605:required.)
2572:required.)
2535:2 November
2485:required.)
2452:required.)
2389:2 November
2361:required.)
2328:required.)
2291:2 November
2267:required.)
2234:required.)
2201:required.)
2126:p. 35
2031:required.)
1998:required.)
1965:required.)
1897:(editor),
1876:4 November
1822:3 November
1746:4 November
1708:4 November
1682:4 November
1626:required.)
1593:required.)
1553:3 November
1525:required.)
1488:3 November
1454:2 November
1371:John White
1234:John Herne
1214:John Wylde
895:traiterous
77:Background
1413:attainder
1403:Attainder
1246:John Ashe
958:Comments
694:Black Rod
649:attainder
634:trial of
417:Elsewhere
104:Calvinism
2375:(1813).
2095:(1829).
1914:Also in
1539:(1836).
855:Majesty.
827:That he
805:John Pym
767:(1641).
45:Puritans
37:a series
35:Part of
1216:, with
949:Number
939:in his
357:America
282:England
212:History
2918:
2863:
2830:
2797:
2764:
2731:
2698:
2665:
2632:
2599:
2566:
2526:
2479:
2446:
2355:
2322:
2261:
2228:
2195:
2155:
2105:17 May
2025:
1992:
1959:
1867:
1673:
1620:
1587:
1519:
1479:
1445:
1232:, and
1212:, and
589:other
1701:Whole
1422:Notes
528:Works
66:, in
2889:2014
2537:2012
2524:ISBN
2391:2012
2379:1662
2293:2012
2166:2014
2153:ISBN
2132:2014
2107:2012
1878:2012
1865:ISBN
1824:2012
1748:2012
1710:2012
1684:2012
1671:ISBN
1555:2012
1490:2012
1477:ISBN
1456:2012
1443:ISBN
922:and
632:The
583:U.S.
2910:doi
2855:doi
2822:doi
2789:doi
2756:doi
2723:doi
2690:doi
2657:doi
2624:doi
2591:doi
2558:doi
2471:doi
2438:doi
2384:503
2347:doi
2314:doi
2253:doi
2220:doi
2187:doi
2017:doi
1984:doi
1951:doi
1612:doi
1579:doi
1547:280
1511:doi
1331:as
1151:10
1121:of
1044:On
799:of
2938::
2498:,
2413:.
2286:94
2074:,
2059:40
1926:,
1922:,
1918:,
1893:,
1849:^
1814:.
1802:^
1563:^
1228:,
1224:,
1208:,
1204:,
1138:.
1130:9
1104:8
1075:7
1070:.
1053:6
1048:.
1032:5
1019:.
1011:4
995:3
979:2
963:1
943:.
918:,
906:,
708:.
670:.
651:.
639:,
39:on
2916:.
2912::
2891:.
2861:.
2857::
2828:.
2824::
2795:.
2791::
2762:.
2758::
2729:.
2725::
2696:.
2692::
2663:.
2659::
2630:.
2626::
2597:.
2593::
2564:.
2560::
2539:.
2506:.
2477:.
2473::
2444:.
2440::
2393:.
2353:.
2349::
2320:.
2316::
2295:.
2259:.
2255::
2226:.
2222::
2193:.
2189::
2168:.
2134:.
2109:.
2082:.
2061:.
2023:.
2019::
1990:.
1986::
1957:.
1953::
1905:.
1880:.
1844:.
1826:.
1750:.
1712:.
1686:.
1618:.
1614::
1585:.
1581::
1557:.
1549:–
1517:.
1513::
1492:.
1458:.
1391:.
1367:.
1361:.
1355:.
1339:.
1311:.
1281:.
1258:.
1248:.
889:.
722:.
621:e
614:t
607:v
586:)
580:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
