76:
38:
699:
580:
463:
360:
820:
On 27 June 2012 the Home
Affairs Committee announced an inquiry into the IPCC including, but not limited to, analysis of the independence of the commission, the powers and responsibilities of the commission and the effectiveness of Commission investigations. The Committee began hearing evidence on 17
800:
It has been noted that "no policeman has ever been convicted of murder or manslaughter for a death following police contact, though there have been more than 400 such deaths in the past ten years alone.". Although a number of these were determined (by inquest juries) to be suicides, other cases such
783:
In
February 2008 over a hundred lawyers who specialise in handling police complaints resigned from its advisory body, citing various criticisms of the IPCC including a pattern of favouritism towards the police, indifference and rudeness towards complainants, and complaints being rejected in spite of
676:
The IPCC's seven operational commissioners and three non-operational commissioners were appointed by the Home
Secretary for a five or three-year period. The chair was appointed by the Crown on the recommendation of the Home Secretary. Commissioners by law could not have served with the police at any
557:
Caseworkers handled the majority of complaints that were referred to the organisation. They recorded the details of the complaint and made an assessment of the case and recommend a method of investigation, which would then be passed to a
Commissioner for sign off. They also assessed appeals from the
303:
The IPCC could elect to manage or supervise the police investigation into a particular complaint and independently investigate the most serious cases itself. While some of the IPCC's investigators were former police officers, the commissioners themselves could not have worked for the police by law.
680:
The commission was the governing board of the IPCC, holding collective responsibility for governance of the commission including oversight of the
Executive. As public office holders, commissioners oversaw IPCC investigations and the promotion of public confidence in the complaints system (known as
307:
It had set standards for police forces to improve the way the public's complaints were handled. The IPCC also handled appeals by the public about the way their complaint was dealt with by the local force, or its outcomes. The IPCC was given the task of increasing public confidence in the complaint
416:
There were a number of types of incidents that the police, or other agencies the IPCC oversees complaints for, must mandatorily refer to the commission. These included deaths in police custody, shootings and fatal traffic incidents as well as allegations that an officer or member of police staff
423:
Once a matter was referred, the IPCC would make a 'mode of investigation' decision to determine how it should be dealt with. This was done by caseworkers or investigators who submitted an assessment to a
Commissioner. The assessment involved judging the available information and could mean IPCC
684:
Commissioners in making decisions on individual cases acted under the delegated authority of the commission. All appointments, which were full-time and non-executive were for a five-year term, and were through open competition. The commission met bi-monthly and dates were published on the IPCC
448:
IPCC Investigators were not police officers. However, IPCC investigators designated to undertake an investigation had all the powers and privileges of a police constable in relation to that investigation throughout
England and Wales (Police Reform Act, 2002– Schedule 3, Paragraph 19). However,
437:
Supervised investigations carried out by police PSDs, under their own direction and control. The IPCC would set the terms of reference for a supervised investigation and receive the investigation report when it is complete. Complainants had a right of appeal to the IPCC following a supervised
821:
July 2012. The report was published on 29 January 2013 and was scathing, describing it as "woefully underequipped and hamstrung in achieving its original objectives. It has neither the powers nor the resources that it needs to get to the truth when the integrity of the police is in doubt."
412:
The vast majority of complaints were dealt with by the
Professional Standards department of the police force the complaint was about. The IPCC's independent investigators investigated the most serious complaints, for example where someone died following contact with the police.
546:
The IPCC's last chief executive was Lesley
Longstone, who was responsible for running the organisation which supports the work of the commission. Kelly was also the IPCC's accounting officer and was accountable to the Home Office Principal Accounting Officer and to Parliament.
515:
The IPCC was overseen by a chair, two deputy chairs, seven operational and three non-operational commissioners. The chair is a Crown appointment and commissioners were public appointments. The IPCC's commissioners and staff were based in IPCC regional offices in
561:
The IPCC also took a lead role in developing new policy for the complaints system and for police practices. For example, following research about the circumstances into deaths following police activity on roads a new policy was drafted. This was adopted by
797:, acknowledged some cases could have been handled differently in its infancy, but pointed out that despite repeated requests for the group to provide contemporary examples where expectations had not been met, there had been no further cases identified.
342:
Between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2009 the IPCC used its powers to begin 353 independent and 759 managed investigations into the most serious complaints against the police. These included deaths in police custody, shootings and fatal traffic incidents.
1447:
339:. It was a Non-Departmental Public Body (NDPB), funded by the Home Office, but by law entirely independent of the police, interest groups and political parties and whose decisions on cases are free from government involvement.
1612:
431:
Independent investigations carried out by the IPCC's own investigators and overseen by an IPCC Commissioner. In an independent investigation, the IPCC investigators had all the powers of the police themselves.
1442:
449:
despite being established in April 2004, the first known use of these arrest powers was in 2007 when a former police officer was arrested in relation to allegations of sexual assault.
441:
Local investigations carried out entirely by police PSDs, or by other officers on their behalf. Complainants had a right of appeal to the IPCC following a local investigation.
812:
There have been a number of police officers convicted of causing death by dangerous driving, including those responsible for the deaths of Hayley
Adamson and Sandra Simpson.
1008:
775:(PIRC) reviews the way the police handle complaints from the public and also conducts independent investigation into the most serious incidents involving the police.
1437:
720:
597:
480:
377:
677:
time, been the chair or a member of SOCA at any time or been a commissioner or officer of Customs at any time. They were the public, independent face of the IPCC.
1020:
1377:
1465:
681:
Guardianship). Each commissioner also had responsibility for a particular portfolio such as firearms, deaths in custody, road policing and youth engagement.
420:
Forces could also refer matters voluntarily to the IPCC and the commission could 'call in' any matter where there might have been serious public concern.
554:
As well as employing its own independent investigators to investigate the most serious cases, the IPCC had staff performing a number of other functions.
644:
616:
1632:
1607:
1427:
1209:
445:
Should new information emerge after a mode of investigation has been decided the IPCC could change the classification both up and down the scale.
1566:
623:
1617:
830:
772:
945:"Nick Hardwick: The criticisms of the IPCC's investigations stem from the caseload we inherited | Comment is free | The Guardian"
336:
284:
94:
630:
1097:
1370:
612:
539:, appointed in December 2002 and taking office in February 2003; the IPCC existed in shadow form from 1 April 2003, and replaced the
434:
Managed investigations carried out by police Professional Standards Departments (PSDs), under the direction and control of the IPCC.
1046:
1627:
1622:
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764:
272:
104:
24:
20:
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1501:
346:
In the 2016/2017 period the IPCC received 3,846 appeals whilst managing to finalise 4,026 appeal cases in the same period.
914:
993:
809:. However, the jury in criminal proceedings acquitted the police officer accused of manslaughter in the Tomlinson case.
852:
1315:"Home Affairs Committee – Eleventh Report: Independent Police Complaints Commission (conclusions and recommendations)"
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637:
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663:
502:
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in England and Wales. In April 2008, it additionally took on responsibility for serious complaints against
257:
144:
1602:
1571:
1073:"Independent Police Complaints Commission Home Department written statement – made on 12th December 2002"
540:
759:
The IPCC self-regulation scheme covered England and Wales; oversight of the police complaints system in
536:
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794:
709:
525:
75:
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713:
590:
473:
370:
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in England and Wales responsible for overseeing the system for handling complaints made against
1191:
944:
847:
332:
312:
295:. It was independent of pressure groups, political parties and, in principle, of government.
292:
1448:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safeguarding and Violence Against Women and Girls
833:- similar agency, but with a focus on integrity of investigations and preventing malfeasance
1637:
1072:
954:
842:
8:
311:
From April 2006, the IPCC took on responsibility for similar, serious complaints against
51:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1486:
1050:
857:
1118:
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958:
265:
178:
1264:"Home Affairs Committee – Eleventh Report: Independent Police Complaints Commission"
1047:"IPCC arrests and charges former Northumbria Police officer following investigation"
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1414:
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806:
760:
320:
1125:
997:
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The statutory powers and responsibilities of the commission were set out by the
1401:
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990:
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802:
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19:
This article is about the British agency. For the agency in Hong Kong, see
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222:
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public concerning the outcome of police decisions regarding complaints.
1613:
Defunct non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
604: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
487: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
384: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
200:
529:
291:, the IPCC operated under statutory powers and duties defined in the
1443:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Migration and Citizenship
698:
579:
462:
359:
839:(IPCC investigation into shooting at Stockwell Underground Station)
768:
551:
was appointed to be the first chief executive of the IPCC in 2003.
517:
521:
1355:
1350:
1165:
897:"G20 assault: How Metropolitan police tried to manage a death"
1049:. IPCC Website (press release). 7 August 2007. Archived from
16:
Defunct public body for police oversight in England and Wales
335:, and it came into existence on 1 April 2004, replacing the
778:
563:
1351:
Police Complaints Commissioner for Scotland (PCCS) website
566:
and the government is making it law for police to follow.
1438:
Minister of State for Policing, Fire and Crime Prevention
1343:
233:
787:
The IPCC responded to these criticisms with a letter to
1228:"Ian Tomlinson unlawfully killed by Pc at G20 protests"
1170:
Police Investigations & Review Commissioner (PIRC)
1466:
Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office
283:
The IPCC was formally founded in 2003, replacing the
154:
Complaints about the English and Welsh police forces
1289:"IPCC: Police watchdog 'woefully under-equipped'"
1584:
1428:Minister of State for Border Security and Asylum
688:
271:On 8 January 2018, the IPCC was replaced by the
1567:Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner
784:apparently powerful evidence in their support.
23:. For other similarly named organisations, see
1371:
1192:"Crisis at police watchdog as lawyers resign"
815:
773:Police Investigations and Review Commissioner
1307:
860:(IPCC investigation into death of Sean Rigg)
894:
727:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1378:
1364:
1021:"Independent Police Complaints Commission"
938:
936:
915:"Independent Police Complaints Commission"
831:His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary
613:"Independent Police Complaints Commission"
747:Learn how and when to remove this message
664:Learn how and when to remove this message
503:Learn how and when to remove this message
400:Learn how and when to remove this message
1102:armedforcescomplaints.independent.gov.uk
942:
779:Police Action Lawyers Group resignations
250:Independent Police Complaints Commission
69:Independent Police Complaints Commission
1633:Government agencies established in 2004
1608:Police misconduct in the United Kingdom
1527:Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs
1256:
1210:"The camera is mightier than the sword"
1139:"Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland"
933:
1585:
1547:Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority
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427:The four modes of investigation were:
417:committed a serious criminal offence.
1557:Independent Office for Police Conduct
1359:
1144:Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland
805:, were found by inquest juries to be
765:Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland
424:investigators are sent to the scene.
273:Independent Office for Police Conduct
105:Independent Office for Police Conduct
25:List of police complaints authorities
21:Independent Police Complaints Council
1618:Law enforcement in England and Wales
1537:Biometrics and Forensic Ethics Group
1128:, IPCC.gov.uk; accessed 1 June 2016.
725:adding citations to reliable sources
692:
602:adding citations to reliable sources
573:
485:adding citations to reliable sources
456:
382:adding citations to reliable sources
353:
31:
1065:
943:Hardwick, Nick (27 February 2008).
13:
1433:Minister of State for Home Affairs
853:Internal affairs (law enforcement)
14:
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1335:
1246:"Ian Tomlinson death: PC cleared"
1190:Davies, Nick (25 February 2008).
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165:London and five regional offices
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589:needs additional citations for
472:needs additional citations for
369:needs additional citations for
1628:2004 establishments in England
1623:Police oversight organizations
1542:Disclosure and Barring Service
1423:Minister of State for Security
1039:
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984:
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888:
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793:in which the then IPCC Chair,
317:Serious Organised Crime Agency
1:
1562:Investigatory Powers Tribunal
1009:Government Publishing Website
864:
763:is the responsibility of the
689:Northern Ireland and Scotland
1593:Home Office (United Kingdom)
1552:Migration Advisory Committee
1532:Animals in Science Committee
895:Sandra Paul (9 April 2009).
452:
258:non-departmental public body
145:Non-departmental public body
7:
1572:Security Industry Authority
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541:Police Complaints Authority
535:The IPCC's first chair was
337:Police Complaints Authority
285:Police Complaints Authority
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95:Police Complaints Authority
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1119:List of IPCC Commissioners
816:Parliamentary Inquiry 2012
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45:This article needs to be
1507:UK Visas and Immigration
129:8 January 2018
1497:Immigration Enforcement
1492:Homeland Security Group
837:Jean Charles de Menezes
298:
1124:6 January 2014 at the
917:. IPCC. Archived from
848:Death of Ian Tomlinson
333:Police Reform Act 2002
313:HM Revenue and Customs
293:Police Reform Act 2002
114:1 April 2004
1502:National DNA Database
1108:on 16 September 2015.
996:29 April 2008 at the
287:(PCA). Funded by the
1598:Ombudsmen in England
1319:Houses of Parliament
1268:Houses of Parliament
1053:on 28 September 2007
843:Death of Mark Duggan
721:improve this section
598:improve this article
481:improve this article
378:improve this article
884:. 16 December 2017.
878:"Becoming the IOPC"
218:Parent organization
70:
1603:Ombudsmen in Wales
1487:HM Passport Office
858:Death of Sean Rigg
68:
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1295:. 1 February 2013
1077:They Work For You
807:unlawful killings
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1216:. 16 April 2009.
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1252:. 19 July 2012.
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