Indian art - Knowledge

2232: 4061: 1924:, control of India was returned to the older custom of regional dynasties, one of the most significant of which was the Shunga Dynasty (c. 185 BCE – 72 BCE) of central India. During this period, as well as during the Satavahana Dynasty which occurred concurrently with the Shunga Dynasty in south India, some of the most significant early Buddhist architecture was created. Arguably, the most significant architecture of this dynasty is the stupa, a religious monument which usually holds a sacred relic of Buddhism. These relics were often, but not always, in some way directly connected to the Buddha. Due to the fact that these stupas contained remains of the Buddha himself, each stupa was venerated as being an extension of the Buddha's body, his enlightenment, and of his achievement of nirvana. The way in which Buddhists venerate the stupa is by walking around it in a clockwise manner. 2779: 1982: 3505: 4280: 3493: 3704: 2571: 3237: 1276: 3271: 3457: 1596: 2586: 2969: 2377: 3469: 4364: 2609: 2194: 2850: 1264: 3294: 4635: 3481: 2443: 2427: 3103: 4146: 3148: 3657: 3442: 3688: 4621: 3735: 850: 1692: 2804: 2647: 3080: 1500: 4502: 1800: 2827: 2256: 3164: 2953: 2404: 4611: 3672: 1378: 3315: 2744:, Akbar was hands-on in his interest of the arts, inspecting his painters regularly and rewarding the best. It is during this time that Persian artists were attracted to bringing their unique style to the empire. Indian elements were present in their works from the beginning, with the incorporation of local Indian flora and fauna that were otherwise absent from the traditional Persian style. The paintings of this time reflected the vibrancy and inclusion of Akbar's kingdom, with production of 2212: 4498:—to their proper place as the originators of an indigenously achieved yet transcultural modernism in the 1930s, well before the Progressives composed their manifesto in the late 1940s. Of the Santiniketan artists, Siva Kumar observed that they “reviewed traditional antecedents in relation to the new avenues opened up by cross-cultural contacts. They also saw it as a historical imperative. Cultural insularity, they realized, had to give way to eclecticism and cultural impurity.” 3121: 4689: 2985: 8917: 1928: 2628: 8927: 4955: 2271: 40: 3925: 1913: 2102:. The naturalistic features found in Gandharan sculptures include the three-dimensional treatment of the drapery, with unregularized folds that are in realistic patterns of random shape and thickness. The physical form of the Buddha and his bodhisattvas are well-defined, solid, and muscular, with swelling chests, arms, and abdomens. Buddhism and Buddhism art spread to Central Asia and the far East across Bactria and 5270: 4563:"The Santiniketan artists were one of the first who consciously challenged this idea of modernism by opting out of both internationalist modernism and historicist indigenousness and tried to create a context sensitive modernism." He had been studying the work of the Santiniketan masters and thinking about their approach to art since the early 80s. The practice of subsuming 4436:

by various NGOs and the Government of India to preserve and protect these arts and to promote them. Several scholars in India and across the world have studied these arts and some valuable scholarship is available on them. The folk spirit has a tremendous role to play in the development of art and in the overall consciousness of indigenous cultures.

4703: 4008:, and are the first Chola specimens discovered. Researchers have discovered the technique used in these frescoes. A smooth batter of limestone mixture is applied over the stones, which took two to three days to set. Within that short span, such large paintings were painted with natural organic pigments. During the 1542:(2nd millennium BCE), some of them suggesting anthropomorphological characteristics. Interpretations vary as to the exact signification of these artifacts, or even the culture and the periodization to which they belonged. Some examples of artistic expression also appear in abstract pottery designs during the 4405:

Folk art also includes the visual expressions of the wandering nomads. This is the art of people who are exposed to changing landscapes as they travel over the valleys and highlands of India. They carry with them the experiences and memories of different spaces and their art consists of the transient

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There is no time line that divides the creation of rock-cut temples and free-standing temples built with cut stone as they developed in parallel. The building of free-standing structures began in the 5th century, while rock-cut temples continued to be excavated until the 12th century. An example of a

1729:. The Yakshas are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness, and were the object of popular worship. Many of them were later incorporated into Buddhism, Jainism or Hinduism. 4555:

does not accommodate the refusal of many in colonized situations to internalize inferiority. Santiniketan's artist teachers' refusal of subordination incorporated a counter vision of modernity, which sought to correct the racial and cultural essentialism that drove and characterized imperial Western

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Gond Painting: The Gond region of Madhya Pradesh had the tribal art form known as "Gond painting" first appear. The elaborate patterns and designs of the art form are frequently influenced by nature and the spiritual practices of the Gond people. The paintings are typically done in bright colors and

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Warli Painting - The Warli region of Maharashtra had the tribal art form known as "Warli painting" first appear. The art genre uses straightforward geometric patterns and shapes to produce images of everyday life, the natural world, and religious themes. The paintings are often created in white on a

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Although few Indian miniatures survive from before about 1000 CE, and some from the next few centuries, there was probably a considerable tradition. Those that survive are initially illustrations for Buddhist texts, later followed by Jain and Hindu equivalents, and the decline of Buddhist as well as

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saw India divided into many states, and since much of the grandest building was commissioned by rulers and their court, this helped the development of regional differences. Painting, both on a large scale on walls, and in miniature forms, was no doubt very widely practiced, but survivals are rare.

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While most tribes and traditional folk artist communities are assimilated into the familiar kind of civilized life, they still continue to practice their art. Unfortunately though, market and economic forces have ensured that the numbers of these artists are dwindling. A lot of effort is being made

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Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied media such as pottery, painting, metalwork, paper-art, weaving and designing of objects such as jewellery and toys. These are not just aesthetic objects but in fact have an important significance in people's lives and are

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or ornamental gateways facing the cardinal directions. These are in stone, though clearly adopting forms developed in wood. They and the walls of the stupa itself can be heavily decorated with reliefs, mostly illustrating the lives of the Buddha. Gradually life-size figures were sculpted, initially

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mace, and in the left hand the figure of a small standing devotee or child joining hands in prayer. It is often suggested that the style of the colossal Yaksha statuary had an important influence on the creation of later divine images and human figures in India. The female equivalent of the Yakshas

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In the 2nd century BCE, Yakshas became the focus of the creation of colossal cultic images, typically around 2 meters or more in height, which are considered as probably the first Indian anthropomorphic productions in stone. Although few ancient Yaksha statues remain in good condition, the vigor of

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from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE reflected both native Indian traditions and the Western influences received through the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, and effectively established the basis for subsequent Indian religious sculpture. The style was developed and diffused through most of India under

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In addition to architecture, another significant art form of the Shunga Dynasty is the elaborately moulded terracotta plaques. As seen in previous examples from the Mauryan Empire, a style in which surface detail, nudity, and sensuality is continued in the terracotta plaques of the Shunga Dynasty.

1346:; the earliest paintings are some 10,000 years old. The paintings in these sites commonly depicted scenes of human life alongside animals, and hunts with stone implements. Their style varied with region and age, but the most common characteristic was a red wash made using a powdered mineral called 3829:, sculptures became more explicit, representing episodes of the Buddha's life and teachings. Although India had a long sculptural tradition and a mastery of rich iconography, the Buddha was never represented in human form before this time, but only through some of his symbols. This may be because 1943:

from the Shunga Dynasty is The Great Stupa at Sanchi, which was thought to be founded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka c. 273 BCE – 232 BCE during the Maurya Empire. The Great Stupa was enlarged to its present diameter of 120 feet, covered with a stone casing, topped with a balcony and umbrella, and

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with Cave 10 having some from the 1st century CE, though the larger and more famous groups are from the 5th century. Despite climatic conditions that tend to work against the survival of older paintings, in total there are known more than 20 locations in India with paintings and traces of former

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As painting declined in the imperial court, artists and the general influence of Mughal painting spread to the princely courts and cities of north India, where both portraiture, the illustration of the Indian epics, and Hindu religious painting developed in many local schools and styles. Notable

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In historic art, sculpture in stone and metal, mainly religious, has survived the Indian climate better than other media and provides most of the best remains. Many of the most important ancient finds that are not in carved stone come from the surrounding, drier regions rather than India itself.

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In antiquity, Bengal was a pioneer of painting in Asia under the Pala Empire. Miniature and scroll painting flourished during the Mughal Empire. Kalighat painting or Kalighat Pat originated in the 19th century Bengal, in the vicinity of Kalighat Kali Temple of Kolkata, and from being items of

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and stone are rare and greatly outnumbered by pottery figurines and stone seals, often of animals or deities very finely depicted. After the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization there is little record of sculpture until the Buddhist era, apart from a hoard of copper figures of (somewhat

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in the year 1952, to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. Though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are

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written in Brahmi characters are often found in divine places specific to Buddhism. To celebrate the divine, Satavahana people also made stone images as the decoration in Buddhist architectures. Based on the knowledge of geometry and geology, they created ideal images using a set of complex

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After a gap of about a thousand years, most of the early finds correspond to what is called the "second period of urbanization" in the middle of the 1st millennium BCE. The anthropomorphic depiction of various deities apparently started in the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, possibly as a

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The animal depicted on a majority of seals at sites of the mature period has not been clearly identified. Part bull, part zebra, with a majestic horn, it has been a source of speculation. As yet, there is insufficient evidence to substantiate claims that the image had religious or cultist

1755:, the hem of the dress in the monumental early Yaksha statues is derived from Greek art. Describing the drapery of one of these statues, John Boardman writes: "It has no local antecedents and looks most like a Greek Late Archaic mannerism", and suggests it is possibly derived from the 3236: 3185:

British colonial rule had a great impact on Indian art, especially from the mid-19th century onwards. Many old patrons of art became less wealthy and influential, and Western art more ubiquitous as the British Empire established schools of art in major cities. The oldest, the

3631:, Bharati Kher, Chittravanu Muzumdar, they often found radical new directions. Bharti Dayal has chosen to handle the traditional Mithila painting in most contemporary way and created her own style through the exercises of her own imagination, they appear fresh and unusual. 2778: 3374: 2564:

souvenir taken by the visitors to the Kali temple, the paintings over a period of time developed as a distinct school of Indian painting. From the depiction of Hindu gods other mythological characters, the Kalighat paintings developed to reflect a variety of themes.

3354:, primarily Kolkata and Shantiniketan, and flourished throughout the Indian subcontinent, during the British Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism (swadeshi) and led by 1996:

Stupas are religious monuments built on burial mounds, which contain relics beneath a solid dome. Stupas in different areas of India may vary in structure, size, and design; however, their representational meanings are quite similar. They are designed based on a

4470:—and which had left its mark on history in the form of the 1981 exhibition “Place for People”—was definitively historicized in 1997 with the publication of Contemporary Art in Baroda, an anthology of essays edited by Sheikh. On the other hand, the art historian 3054:. They used vedic techniques of metal casting, stone carving, and painting, as well as a distinctive architectural style with the addition of citadels and tombs from Mughal architecture. For instance, the Baridi dynasty (1504–1619) of Bidar saw the invention of 1660:, which showed a confident and boldly mature style and craft and first of its kind iron casting without rust until date, which was in use by vedic people in rural areas of the country, though we have very few remains showing its development. The famous detached 3973:

paintings of ancient and early medieval times (up to the 8th to 10th centuries CE), although these are just a tiny fraction of what would have once existed. The most significant frescoes of the ancient and early medieval period are found in the Ajanta,

3015:, often heavily decorated with sculpture. These developed the Chola tradition. After the Mughal conquest, the temple tradition continued to develop, mainly in the expansion of existing temples, which added new outer walls with increasingly large 3358:(1871–1951), but was also promoted and supported by British arts administrators like E. B. Havell, the principal of the Government College of Art and Craft, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development of the modern Indian painting. 3865:

are probably slightly later. Later large scale sculpture remains almost exclusively religious, and generally rather conservative, often reverting to simple frontal standing poses for deities, though the attendant spirits such as apsaras and

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After the end of the Indus Valley Civilization, there is a surprising absence of art of any great degree of sophistication until the Buddhist era. It is thought that this partly reflects the use of perishable organic materials such as wood.

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Gupta, S. P., & Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute. (2011). The roots of Indian art: A detailed study of the formative period of Indian art and architecture, third and second centuries B.C., Mauryan and late Mauryan. Delhi: B.R. Publishing

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Madhubani Painting: Folk art, known as "Madhubani painting", has its roots in the Mithila area of Bihar. The paintings incorporate sophisticated geometric patterns frequently and depict images of deities, nature, and everyday life in vivid

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he erected around India, carrying his edicts and topped by famous sculptures of animals, mostly lions, of which six survive. Large amounts of figurative sculpture, mostly in relief, survive from Early Buddhist pilgrimage stupas, above all

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inches square. In most cases they have a pierced boss at the back to accommodate a cord for handling or for use as personal adornment. Seals have been found at Mohenjo-Daro depicting a figure standing on its head, and another, on the

7012:"The folk art typifies an older plastic tradition in clay and wood which was now put in stone, as seen in the massive Yaksha statuary which are also of exceptional value as models of subsequent divine images and human figures." in 2608: 7041:"With respect to large-scale iconic statuary carved in the round (...) the region of Mathura not only rivaled other areas but surpassed them in overall quality and quantity throughout the second and early first century BCE." in 1537:

focused exclusively on the worship of purely "elementary forces of nature by means of elaborate sacrifices", which did not lend themselves easily to anthropomorphological representations. Various artefacts may belong to the

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The tradition and methods of Indian cliff painting gradually evolved throughout many thousands of years – there are multiple locations found with prehistoric art. The early caves included overhanging rock decorated with

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flourished, and the depictions of Buddha as a human form first appeared in art. Wearing a monk's robe and a long length of cloth draped over the left shoulder and around the body, the Buddha was depicted with 32 major

3270: 2918:(1658–1707), who held increasingly orthodox Sunni beliefs, forcibly took the throne from his father Shah Jahan. With a ban of music and painting in 1680, his reign saw the decline of Mughal patronage of the arts. 4228:. Though there may have been earlier structures in wood that have been transformed into stone structures, there are no physical evidences for these except textual references. Soon after the Buddhists initiated 4109:. The style gradually spread in the next two centuries to influence painting on paper in both Muslim and Hindu princely courts, developing into a number of regional styles often called "sub-Mughal", including 1733:

the style has been applauded, and expresses essentially Indian qualities. They are often pot-bellied, two-armed and fierce-looking. The Yakshas are often depicted with weapons or attributes, such as the Yaksha

2874:(1605–1627) took the throne. He preferred each painter work on a single piece rather than the collaboration fostered during Akbar's time. This period marks the emergence of distinct individual styles, notably 4556:

modernity and modernism. Those European modernities, projected through a triumphant British colonial power, provoked nationalist responses, equally problematic when they incorporated similar essentialisms.”

2521:. The kingdoms of South India continued to rule their lands until the Muslim invasions that established sultanates there and destroyed much of the temples and marvel examples of architectures and sculptures 4375:

tied to their beliefs and rituals. The objects can range from sculpture, masks (used in rituals and ceremonies), paintings, textiles, baskets, kitchen objects, arms and weapons, and the human body itself (

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remains more common in India than in most modern societies, and gold appears always to have been strongly preferred for the metal. India and the surrounding areas were important sources of high-quality

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matured into a number of regional styles, and a large proportion of the art historical record for this period consists of temple sculpture, much of which remains in place. The political history of the

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Buddhism developed an increasing emphasis on statues of the Buddha, which was greatly influenced by Hindu and Jain religious figurative art, The figures of this period which were also influenced by the

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gaining momentum by 1905, Indian artists attempted to resuscitate the cultural identities suppressed by the British, rejecting the Romanticized style of the Company paintings and the mannered work of

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have been used to describe the kind of alternative modernity that emerged in non-European contexts. Professor Gall argues that 'Contextual Modernism' is a more suited term because “the colonial in

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The increase in discourse about Indian art, in English as well as vernacular Indian languages, changed the way art was perceived in the art schools. Critical approach became rigorous; critics like

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artistic influence. Artistically, the Gandharan school of sculpture is said to have contributed wavy hair, drapery covering both shoulders, shoes and sandals, acanthus leaf decorations, etc.

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periods that comprise the Golden Age of India, even as rulers became mostly Hindu. Buddhist art largely disappeared by the end of the first millennium, after which Hindu dynasties like the

8177:... globalization has triggered the emergence of a synthetic macro-culture...is gaining popularity day by day and silently engineering the gradual attrition of tribal/folk art and culture. 1948:

The most common figural representations seen on these plaques are women, some of which are thought to be goddesses, who are mostly shown as bare-chested and wearing elaborate headdresses.

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gods and legends are transformed into contemporary forms and familiar images. Fairs, festivals, local heroes (mostly warriors) and local deities play a vital role in these arts (Example:

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Gupta, S. P., & Asthana, S. P. (2007). Elements of Indian art: Including temple architecture, iconography & iconometry. New Delhi: Indraprastha Museum of Art and Archaeology.

8806: 2579:. Built by King Bir Hambir, the temple has an unusual elongated pyramidical tower, surrounded by hut-shaped turrets, which were very typical of Bengali roof structures of the time. 2376: 2366:. The medieval period witnessed the rise and fall of these kingdoms, in conjunction with other kingdoms in the area. It is during the decline and resurgence of these kingdoms that 3061:, which was adopted from Vedic and Maurya period ashoka pillars of zinc mixed with copper, tin, and lead and inlaid with silver or brass, then covered with a mud paste containing 1683:

figurines are recovered in archaeology, in a range of often vigorous if somewhat crude styles. Both animals and human figures, usually females presumed to be deities, are found.

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The Gupta period is generally regarded as a classic peak of north Indian art for all the major religious groups. Although painting was evidently widespread, and survives in the

4272:. It appears to be a constant in Indian art that the different religions shared a very similar artistic style at any particular period and place, though naturally adapting the 1477:

significance, but the prevalence of the image raises the question of whether or not the animals in images of the IVC are religious symbols. The most famous piece is the bronze

7726: 3147: 2585: 9296: 2826: 2255: 1206:. In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the prevailing artistic style at any time and place has been shared by the major religious groups. 4090:'s court. New ingredients in the style were much greater realism, especially in portraits, and an interest in animals, plants and other aspects of the physical world. 3102: 2968: 1104: 3163: 8887: 8223: 5889: 642: 8271: 3687: 1649:, although very little decoration from the Mauryan period survives, and there may not have been much in the first place. There is more from various early sites of 8846: 3616: 4082:

in miniatures on paper developed very quickly in the late 16th century from the combined influence of the existing miniature tradition and artists trained in the

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and his followers. Thus was created what is known today as the Bengal School of Art, led by the reworked Asian styles (with an emphasis on Indian nationalism) of

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pioneered experiments in modernist painting. Partha Mitter describes him as "the only Indian painter before the 1940s who made use of the language and syntax of

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often have sensuously curving poses. Carving is often highly detailed, with an intricate backing behind the main figure in high relief. The celebrated

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This happened because early writers were guided by genealogies of apprenticeship rather than their styles, worldviews, and perspectives on art practice

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to match the religion commissioning them. Probably the same groups of artists worked for the different religions regardless of their own affiliations.

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of the 7th-10th centuries. Although many show evidence of being by artists mainly used to decorating palaces, no early secular wall-paintings survive.

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and decorative rock paintings that reflect the ancient tradition of human interaction with their landscape, an interaction that continues to this day.

2024:. Later on, silver came into use when producing coins. The coins usually have detailed portraits of rulers and inscriptions written in the language of 3365:

model of art. Through the paintings of 'Bharat Mata', Abanindranath established the pattern of patriotism. Painters and artists of Bengal school were

2803: 2001:, a graph of cosmos specific to Buddhism. A traditional stupa has a railing that provides a sacred path for Buddhist followers to practice devotional 1622:

flourished from 322 BCE to 185 BCE, and at its maximum extent controlled all of the sub-continent except the extreme south as well as influences from

8841: 2592: 8161: 4383:). There is a deep symbolic meaning that is attached to not only the objects themselves but also the materials and techniques used to produce them. 3703: 3468: 3198:. The style mainly used watercolour, to convey soft textures and tones, in a style combining influences from Western prints and Mughal painting. By 2952: 2020:

In addition, delicate Satavahana coins show the capacity of creating art in that period. The Satavahanas issued coins primarily in copper, lead and

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statues of deities and other religious figures, which need have their brightly coloured paint kept renewed at intervals so they do not erode away.

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was the most important centre in this development, which applied to Hindu and Jain art as well as Buddhist. The facades and interiors of rock-cut

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settlements in the 3rd millennium BCE. On its way to modern times, Indian art has had cultural influences, as well as religious influences such as

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The major survivals of Buddhist art begin in the period after the Mauryans, from which good quantities of sculpture survives. Some key sites are

3314: 9306: 8902: 5146: 3480: 4170:, and the jewellery of the ruling class is typified by using them lavishly. One of the first to start jewellery-making were the people of the 9211: 9206: 7640: 4682: 3079: 2646: 2403: 9246: 9226: 9186: 9111: 8328: 8210:

In the wave of electronic media, our ... ancient culture and tribal art have been declining, ..., said folklore researcher J Srinivasaiah.

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the style remained vital and continued to develop into the early decades of the 19th century. From the mid-19th century Western-style

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to include northern India in the early centuries CE, and briefly commissioned large statues that were portraits of the royal dynasty.

7526: 4833: 4821: 2914:. Paintings under his rule were more formal, featuring court scenes, in contrast to the personal styles from his predecessor's time. 7905: 7722: 3607:

Painting and sculpture remained important in the later half of the twentieth century, though in the work of leading artists such as

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In the production of colossal Yaksha statues carved in the round, which can be found in several locations in northern India, the

1555: 7851: 7430:... Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi's domain, and among the people beyond the borders, the Cholas, the Pandyas, ... 7190: 6406: 4827: 3369:, M.A.R Chughtai, Sunayani Devi (sister of Abanindranath Tagore), Manishi Dey, Mukul Dey, Kalipada Ghoshal, Asit Kumar Haldar, 2984: 2005:

in ritual settings. Also, ancient Indians considered caves as sacred places since they were inhabited by holy men and monks. A

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influence, such as the geometrical folds of the drapery or the walking stance of the statues, has been suggested. According to

8447: 7413: 3596:. Present-day Indian art is varied as it had been never before. Among the best-known artists of the newer generation include 1827:, with others in museums in India or around the world. Stupas were surrounded by ceremonial fences with four profusely carved 8963: 8521: 8509: 8483: 8459: 8045: 8012: 7612: 7559: 7385: 7359: 7169: 6913: 6860: 6824: 6690: 6645: 6479: 6441: 6243: 5211: 1744:

were the Yakshinis, often associated with trees and children, and whose voluptuous figures became omnipresent in Indian art.

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Wood was undoubtedly extremely important, but rarely survives long in the Indian climate. Organic animal materials such as

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seem to have been the object of an important cult in the early periods of Indian history, many of them being known such as

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dynasty. The Chola period is also remarkable for its sculptures and bronzes. Among the existing specimens in the various

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Paul, Pran Gopal; Paul, Debjani (1989). "Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations".

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Paul, Pran Gopal; Paul, Debjani (1989). "Brahmanical Imagery in the Kuṣāṇa Art of Mathurā: Tradition and Innovations".

4869: 4749: 4508:. It boasts an extremely well-known faculty and student body. It is most famous for the spread of Bengal School of Art. 1850:

have survived better than similar free-standing structures elsewhere, which were for long mostly in wood. The caves at

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Other Hindu states are now mainly known through their surviving temples and their attached sculpture. These include

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is expressed in them. They probably synchronised with the completion of the temple by Rajaraja Cholan the Great.

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and elsewhere contain early sculpture, often outnumbered by later works such as iconic figures of the Buddha and

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has the longest continuous legacy of jewellery-making, with a history of over 5,000 years. Using jewellery as a

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The great tradition of Indian monumental sculpture in stone appears to begin relatively late, with the reign of

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The Great Stupa at Sanchi, c. 273 BCE – 232 BCE (Mauryan Empire), enlarged c. 150 BCE – 50 BCE (Shunga Dynasty)

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seems to have taken no interest in public large-scale art, unlike many other early civilizations. A number of

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of this period are known for their maturity, grandeur and attention to detail, and have been recognized as a

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The period saw the emergence of the iconic carved stone deity in Hindu art, as well as the Buddha-figure and

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period the Chola paintings were painted over. The Chola frescoes lying underneath have an ardent spirit of

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commonly referred as Bengal School, was an art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in

2621:, India. The wooden owl is an integral part of an ancient and indigenous tradition and art form in Bengal. 8150: 5239: 5234: 5102: 4728: 4450:

The year 1997 bore witness to two parallel gestures of canon formation. On the one hand, the influential

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in the visual arts of the erstwhile colonies like India, specifically that of the Santiniketan artists.

7551:

In the Image of Man: The Indian Perception of the Universe Through 2000 Years of Painting and Sculpture

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of the world and in the temples of South India may be seen many fine figures of Siva in various forms,

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Tagore later attempted to develop links with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a

2627: 2310:

Medieval bronzes have most commonly survived from either the Tamil south, or the Himalayan foothills.

1432:

seals have been recovered, and their physical character is fairly consistent. In size they range from

8956: 8160:. Socio-Economic Research (SER) Division, Planning Commission, Govt. of India New Delhi. p. 53. 6165: 5839: 5525: 5389: 5286: 4934: 4754: 4224:, and in the historical period, the earliest Indian religion to inspire major artistic monuments was 4217: 4171: 3758: 3435:

founded the Progressive Painters' Association (PPA) thus giving rise to the "madras movement" in art.

3008: 2809: 2741: 2301: 2170: 1547: 1534: 1402: 1396: 949: 899: 592: 278: 142: 6532:

Marshall, Sir John. Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilisation, 3 vols, London: Arthur Probsthain, 1931

9337: 8641: 8573: 8549: 5476: 5424: 5249: 5201: 4991: 2306: 1479: 1382: 229: 177: 7650: 9332: 5969: 5672: 5630: 5563: 5124: 4805: 4576: 4491: 4399: 4261: 3919: 2614: 2284: 2169:

The Gupta period marked the "golden age" of classical Hinduism, and saw the earliest constructed

1339: 1309: 1289: 1015: 972: 722: 425: 383: 316: 4145: 3194:

of small paintings became common, created by Indian artists working for European patrons of the

1263: 9327: 8751: 8324: 5762: 5399: 4739: 4654: 4624: 4459: 3849: 3447: 3019:, often dwarfing the older buildings in the centre. These became usually thickly covered with 2474: 1760: 1661: 515: 152: 48: 7602: 6976: 6814: 6765: 6734: 6680: 6507: 6431: 6360: 6322: 7082: 7044: 6635: 6469: 6125: 6017: 5854: 5196: 5019: 4019: 3408: 3381: 2359: 1302: 987: 770: 607: 7375: 6233: 1962:

The Satavahana dynasty ruled in central India, and sponsored many large Buddhist monuments,

1521:

The millennium following the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation, coinciding with the

8949: 8424: 7518: 6160: 5916: 5617: 5592: 5550: 5520: 5505: 5136: 4634: 4580: 4513: 4475: 4073: 3857:(c. 320–550) which remains a "classical" period for Indian sculpture, covering the earlier 3601: 3552: 3400: 3355: 3347: 3324: 3154: 3043: 2576: 2557: 2533: 2490: 2270: 2261: 1539: 1522: 1504: 1199: 669: 370: 345: 303: 273: 258: 2481:

and sculptures of Hindu deities. They were succeeded by Chola rulers who were prolific in

8: 9342: 8871: 8766: 8542: 7897: 6096: 5954: 5112: 4763: 4568: 4483: 4158: 4106: 3997: 3597: 3404: 3047: 3026:

In South-Central India, during the late fifteenth century after the Middle kingdoms, the

2514: 2383: 2182: 1875: 1627: 1600: 1499: 1343: 1148: 1097: 707: 8498: 7017:

Indian Art: A history of Indian art from the earliest times up to the third century A. D

4593:

in the recent past has found its usage in other related fields of studies, specially in

4501: 3734: 8691: 8686: 8581: 7872: 7485: 6616: 6581: 6292: 6170: 5500: 5429: 5345: 5166: 5039: 4986: 4887: 4852: 3814: 3569: 3388:

in his painting". From 1925 onwards, the artist developed a complex post-cubist style.

3257: 3195: 3039: 2596: 2223: 2218: 2163: 2071: 1957: 1871: 1799: 1790: 1669: 1313: 1083: 1025: 919: 253: 182: 98: 1691: 9171: 8926: 8811: 8786: 8701: 8681: 8631: 8601: 8591: 8517: 8479: 8455: 8399: 8372: 8356: 8041: 8018: 8008: 7975: 7847: 7608: 7555: 7381: 7355: 7296: 7271: 7243: 7186: 7165: 7088: 7050: 6982: 6954: 6909: 6856: 6820: 6771: 6686: 6641: 6608: 6475: 6437: 6397: 6366: 6328: 6296: 6239: 5926: 5810: 5732: 5722: 5542: 5206: 5173: 5049: 4996: 4976: 4897: 4692: 4666: 4187: 4095: 4083: 3982: 3794: 3577: 3392: 3035: 3031: 3027: 2745: 2637: 2433: 2363: 2340: 2151:

figures, these last often on a very large scale. The main centres of sculpture were

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in northern India. From 127 to 151 CE, Gandharan reached its peak under the reign of

1657: 1487:, which shows remarkably advanced modelling of the human figure for this early date. 1183: 914: 679: 563: 485: 475: 295: 4620: 3996:

fresco paintings were discovered in 1931 within the circumambulatory passage of the

3214:. The fusion of Indian traditions with European style at this time is evident from 9101: 9096: 8897: 8776: 8771: 8651: 8494: 8474:

The flame and the lotus: Indian and Southeast Asian art from the Kronos collections

8382: 7477: 7417: 7351: 7347: 6284: 6155: 5844: 5815: 5456: 5254: 5244: 5161: 5141: 5074: 4981: 4942: 4874: 4858: 4284: 4118: 3871: 3778: 3242: 3012: 2734:(1556–1605), the number of painters grew from around 30 during the creation of the 2506: 2494: 2387: 2047: 2002: 1530: 1413:

and stone figurines of girls in dancing poses reveal the presence of some forms of

1317: 597: 568: 209: 3968:

The oldest surviving frescoes of the historical period have been preserved in the

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period (6000 BCE). Their use has continued in some areas into historic times. The

2672: 1951: 9256: 9176: 9006: 8996: 8791: 8746: 8726: 8716: 8616: 8434: 8394: 8367: 8092: 7549: 7015: 6903: 6741: 6205: 6108: 6086: 5747: 5727: 5660: 5419: 5404: 5362: 5330: 5156: 5151: 5064: 5024: 4572: 4308: 4288: 4257: 4137:

became increasingly painted by Indian artists trained in Government art schools.

4130: 4114: 4110: 4091: 4079: 4055: 4051: 4009: 3862: 3663: 3581: 3428: 3412: 3396: 3370: 3305: 3276: 3215: 3202:, the British government took over the task of administration of India under the 3051: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2840: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2712: 2694: 2498: 2417: 2356: 2099: 2029: 1967: 1820: 1756: 1665: 1608: 1230: 1222: 1128: 997: 500: 480: 413: 172: 157: 115: 83: 8300:"Humanities underground » All the Shared Experiences of the Lived World II" 7697: 3650:, amongst others, contributed to re-thinking contemporary art practice in India. 9221: 9181: 9156: 9061: 8816: 8731: 8711: 8596: 8586: 8428: 7547: 6135: 6130: 6044: 6024: 5911: 5832: 5645: 5635: 5625: 5466: 5461: 5350: 5316: 5119: 5107: 5097: 5092: 5059: 5034: 4791: 4786: 4495: 4463: 4455: 4367: 4296: 4191: 4162: 4150: 4134: 4087: 3950: 3834: 3647: 3620: 3585: 3565: 3432: 3207: 3172:

hawking, an 18th-century Deccan painting, gouache heightened with gold on paper

2991: 2740:

in the mid-1560s, to around 130 by the mid-1590s. According to court historian

2716: 2700: 2203: 2025: 2017:

techniques and tools such as chisels, hammers, and compasses with iron points.

1770:

is considered as the most advanced in quality and quantity during this period.

1767: 1708: 1704: 1673: 1623: 1508: 1454: 1377: 1327: 1211: 1136: 1073: 1068: 1020: 909: 797: 777: 664: 585: 398: 388: 378: 219: 214: 103: 69: 52: 6288: 2703:

were made as early as the first half of the 10th century, it wasn't until the

2370:

was renewed. It fostered the construction of numerous temples and sculptures.

2058:

was a syncretic empire in central and southern Asia, including the regions of

1944:

encircled with a stone railing during the Shunga Dynasty c. 150 BCE – 50 BCE.

9321: 9301: 9266: 9151: 9136: 9126: 9086: 9026: 9011: 8920: 8861: 8796: 8761: 8696: 8676: 8666: 8626: 8611: 8606: 8325:""Contextual modernism" – is it possible? Steps to improved housing strategy" 8022: 6612: 6039: 5879: 5867: 5742: 5684: 5655: 5650: 5605: 5568: 5444: 5414: 5384: 5191: 5054: 5029: 4971: 4906: 4883: 4660: 4638: 4564: 4560: 4517: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4348: 4344: 4125:

style influenced by European art and largely patronized by the people of the

4031: 3891: 3710: 3694: 3639: 3624: 3608: 3511: 3366: 3191: 2761: 2704: 2560:

was the broad temple style, with local variants, before the Muslim conquest.

2352: 2348: 2055: 1921: 1907: 1891: 1619: 1466: 1425: 1335: 1331: 1040: 792: 632: 620: 495: 437: 408: 403: 358: 321: 197: 167: 137: 8061: 3531:

In 1947, India became independent of British rule. A group of six artists –

2313: 9141: 9121: 9081: 9051: 9046: 9016: 9001: 8991: 8821: 8781: 8756: 8736: 8671: 8646: 8636: 8621: 8438: 6029: 6012: 6002: 5979: 5884: 5874: 5849: 5752: 5717: 5702: 5697: 5677: 5575: 5340: 5274: 4772: 4610: 4594: 4525: 4505: 4479: 4451: 4340: 4332: 4265: 3969: 3929: 3858: 3854: 3762: 3738: 3612: 3362: 3062: 2959: 2794: 2720: 2466: 2462: 2413: 2409: 2136: 1975: 1895: 1851: 1656:

The most famous survivals are the large animals surmounting several of the

1612: 1526: 1516: 1484: 1388: 1238: 1191: 1140: 1045: 881: 782: 765: 755: 732: 637: 627: 602: 505: 470: 455: 450: 430: 328: 93: 8085: 7468:

Seyller, John (1987). "Scribal Notes on Mughal Manuscript Illustrations".

6876: 6034: 4098:

courts to the south, in some ways more vital, if less poised and elegant.

1550:(1200-600 BCE), with finds in a wide area, including the area of Mathura. 787: 9201: 9166: 9116: 9106: 9076: 9066: 9036: 9031: 9021: 8930: 8741: 8706: 8661: 8656: 8565: 6145: 6007: 5984: 5974: 5964: 5901: 5769: 5585: 5558: 5535: 5530: 5515: 5510: 5434: 5394: 5335: 4767: 4544: 4536: 4391: 4316: 4273: 4195: 4126: 4122: 3882:, many designed to be carried in processions, include the iconic form of 3879: 3822: 3635: 3593: 3561: 3544: 3536: 3416: 3203: 2898: 2879: 2855: 2836: 2618: 2553: 2478: 2344: 2264:

known for its rust-resistant composition of metals, c. 3rd–4th century CE

2147: 2107: 1971: 1932: 1883: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1804: 1794: 1748: 1604: 1590: 1324:, although his work only came to light much later via J Cockburn (1899). 1298: 1215: 1176: 904: 760: 737: 727: 717: 654: 522: 338: 311: 288: 283: 268: 263: 187: 147: 88: 6620: 6585: 4311:

periods around the 1st century BCE. It continued to flourish during the

1361: 1301:

carvings, engravings and paintings, some (but by no means all) from the

9161: 9091: 8986: 7489: 6150: 6113: 5921: 5820: 5781: 5757: 5712: 5707: 5692: 5580: 5409: 5355: 4809: 4347:

World Heritage Site, with its slender tower, built on the shore of the

4035: 4005: 3974: 3942: 3938: 3750: 3678: 3628: 3573: 3540: 3420: 3169: 3127: 2975: 2907: 2652: 2502: 2098:

One of the hallmarks of Gandharan art is its relation to naturalism of

2041: 1726: 1722: 1696: 1680: 1641:

about half-way through his 40-year reign, and patronized several large

1418: 1410: 1351: 1306: 1160: 954: 924: 674: 573: 534: 510: 465: 460: 445: 333: 162: 108: 2764:

watercolor paintings created during the British rule many years later.

1927: 1237:. Indian art has itself received influences at times, especially from 9146: 9071: 8972: 8002: 7672: 7645: 7442: 6140: 5949: 5931: 5896: 5825: 5786: 5737: 5610: 5367: 4919: 4781: 4758: 4696: 4529: 4418:

constitute the matrix of folk expression. Examples of folk arts are:

4395: 4380: 4312: 4174:. Early remains are few, as they were not buried with their owners. 4001: 3954: 3548: 3532: 3424: 3411:(1867–1938) as well as new artists of the early 20th century such as 3190:, was established in 1850. In major cities with many Europeans, the 3138: 3130: 3108: 3093: 3086: 3055: 2915: 2911: 2875: 2813: 2789: 2736: 2724: 2660: 2537: 2482: 2178: 2130: 2091:(wheel) on the palms of his hands and the soles of his feet, and the 2013: 1989: 1985: 1672:. Mauryan sculpture and architecture is characterized by a very fine 1187: 1164: 1078: 929: 866: 702: 684: 649: 578: 539: 490: 363: 120: 8004:

The strides of Vishnu : Hindu culture in historical perspective

7898:"Ancient and medieval Indian cave paintings – Internet encyclopedia" 7481: 6272: 1878:. This fusion developed in the far north-west of India, especially 1424:

By far the most common form of figurative art found is small carved

9196: 6277:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland

5906: 5796: 5791: 5776: 5640: 4688: 4304: 4253: 4225: 4167: 3924: 3887: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3783: 3774: 3770: 3746: 3280: 2892: 2871: 2656: 2470: 2453: 2367: 2159: 2084: 2080: 2067: 2059: 1887: 1879: 1638: 1563: 1429: 1355: 1294: 1195: 1156: 876: 871: 659: 549: 544: 529: 393: 56: 3007:

The last empire in southern India has left spectacular remains of

2910:(1628–1658), whose most notable architectural contribution is the 1912: 39: 7084:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

7046:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

6978:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

6767:

History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE – 100 CE

6273:"Art. V.—Cave Drawings in the Kaimūr Range, North-West Provinces" 5959: 5667: 5471: 5439: 5374: 4800: 4710: 4642: 4387: 4352: 4328: 4320: 4292: 4269: 4102: 4039: 4013: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3766: 3757:

The first known sculpture in the Indian subcontinent is from the

3134: 3020: 3016: 2832: 2708: 2600: 2510: 2238: 2155: 2152: 2063: 2006: 1998: 1840: 1835: 1816: 1714: 1567: 1225:

out of the subcontinent, having an especially large influence in

1035: 712: 420: 224: 192: 127: 45: 6508:"Indian Rock Art – Prehistoric Paintings of the Pachmarhi Hills" 4283:

Indian art also found its way into Italy, within the context of

3693:

Pseudorealistic Indian painting. Couple, Kids and Confusion. by

2493:. The Chola period is also known for its bronze sculptures, the 1952:

Satavahana dynasty (c. 1st/3rd century BCE – c. 3rd century CE)

1554:

consequence of the influx of foreign stimuli initiated with the

8355:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, 5449: 5379: 4910: 4878: 4702: 4628: 4411: 4376: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4221: 4023: 3978: 3958: 3903: 3867: 3838: 3803: 3799: 3790: 3385: 3351: 3089: 2707:

that one observes emperors with a patronage for the fine arts.

2664: 2549: 2103: 2088: 2051: 1846: 1828: 1812: 1739: 1734: 1718: 1700: 1646: 1634: 1559: 1172: 1030: 202: 132: 8534: 4655:

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (CSMVS), Mumbai

3157:, the last Sultan of Golconda, c. late 17th—early 18th century 4946: 4901: 4415: 4407: 4324: 4233: 4183: 4101:

Miniatures either illustrated books or were single works for

4064: 4027: 3993: 3883: 3875: 3810: 3742: 2817: 2731: 2518: 2449: 2242: 2021: 1963: 1940: 1686: 1642: 1470: 1414: 1321: 1234: 1226: 1218:, which is the main source of ancient art in other cultures. 1168: 1152: 8941: 8294: 8292: 7548:

George Michell; Catherine Lampert; Tristram Holland (1982).

6816:

The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths

2083:(distinguishing marks), including a golden-colored body, an 1676:

given to the stone, which is rarely found in later periods.

6541:

Keay, John, India, a History. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

4237: 3986: 3962: 3845: 3219: 3210:

were now wholly or partly in Western styles, or the hybrid

2633: 2143: 2092: 1461:-like pose. This figure has been variously identified. Sir 1458: 1406: 1242: 8196:. Gudibanda, Karnataka, India. 3 July 2008. Archived from 2769:

Mughal art of Northern India (pre-1600) and its influences

2513:

flourished alongside Islam evidenced by the fourth of the

2139:, the surviving works are almost all religious sculpture. 1603:, an early example of Mauryan stone sculpture, displaying 8289: 7675:. National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi. 2012-11-09. 2906:, were created under his rule. Jahangir was succeeded by 7270:. New Delhi : Sundeep Prakashan. pp. 283–290. 4216:

Obscurity shrouds the period between the decline of the

3519: 3419:

western styles into Indian Art. Many other artists like

1773: 1573: 7507:. Translated by H Blochmann. Asiatic Society of Bengal. 7184: 6433:

After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000 – 5000 BC

4506:

The Kala Bhavana (Institute of Fine Arts), Santiniketan

4355:

rocks cut like bricks and dating from the 8th century.

2035: 1901: 1558:, and the rise of alternative local faiths challenging 7164:. United States: Pearson Education. pp. 306–310. 6471:

World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India

3806:

throughout all historic periods until recent decades.

2797:, ca. 1562–1577. Opaque watercolor and gold on cotton. 2343:

mention coexistence of the northern kingdoms with the

4528:

critical tool in the understanding of an alternative

1281:

Prehistoric petroglyphs in the Edakkal Caves, Wayanad

8423: 8040:. Singapore: Periplus Editions. pp. 36–37, 51. 7342:

Chakravarti, Ranabir (2016-01-11), "Kushan Empire",

4893:

National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, New Delhi

4067:

riding the elephant Hawa'I pursuing another elephant

2113: 2070:

the Great. In this period, Kushan art inherited the

1269:

Rock painting at one of the Bhimbetka rock shelters.

8389:(New Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1977), p. 8 8353:

The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent

7145:

Harle, 68-70 (but see p. 253 for another exception)

4474:'s benchmark exhibition and related publication, A 4220:and the definite historic period starting with the 3773:. These include the famous small bronze male dancer 3264:

of Rosemount, surgeon and mayor of Calcutta in 1757

1503:Symbolic, possibly anthropomorphological artifact. 1421:figurines included cows, bears, monkeys, and dogs. 8507: 7964: 7541: 7414:"The Edicts of King Ashoka (an English rendering)" 7187:"Shunga Dynasty (ca. Second – First Century B.C.)" 6468:Javid, Ali; Jāvīd, ʻAlī; Javeed, Tabassum (2008). 6231: 4657:(formerly Prince of Wales Museum of Western India) 4522:Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism 4446:Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism 3833:Buddhist sculpture in modern Afghanistan displays 3809:During the 2nd to 1st century BCE in far northern 1866:, which are not found before 100 CE at the least. 8387:Classical Indian Dance in Literature and the Arts 8149:GVSS, Gramin Vikas Seva Sanshtha (12 June 2011). 4129:. In "pahari" ("mountain") centres like that of 3498:Gaganendranath Tagore – Meeting at the Staircase. 3002: 1931:A monumental rock-cut cave, the Great Chaitya at 1664:, with four animals, was adopted as the official 9319: 6633: 6467: 4190:, although Buddhist examples exist, such as the 2536:(11th to 14th centuries), all centred on modern 1988:with his royal cortege issuing from the city of 1401:Despite its wide spread and sophistication, the 8233:. New York: New York University. Archived from 7763: 7761: 7293:Art, archaeology, and cultural history of India 6634:Krishan, Yuvraj; Tadikonda, Kalpana K. (1996). 6535: 4076:probably explain the rarity of early examples. 2994:scene with the newly crowned Emperor Aurangzeb. 2902:) and an illustrated memoir of Jahangir, named 2285:Middle kingdoms and the Early Medieval period ( 8469: 8445: 8221: 7600: 7586:Kala, S. C. (25 June 1972). "Art of Singhal". 6580:(1/4): 111–143, especially 112–114, 115, 125. 6203: 4454:, a coalition whose original members included 1127:consists of a variety of art forms, including 8957: 8550: 7290: 7242:. New Delhi : Kaveri Books. p. 73. 6855:. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 430. 6853:A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India 6066: 5294: 4683:Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh 3718: 3514:in Dinantika – Ashram Complex – Santiniketan. 3474:Two cats holding a large prawn by Jamini Roy. 3415:(1913–1941) were responsible for introducing 3180: 2785:Arghan Div Brings the Chest of Armor to Hamza 1803:Crossbar medallion with elephant and riders, 1624:Indian ancient traditions, and Ancient Persia 1105: 819: 8516:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8478:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8454:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8433:. Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta. 7758: 7346:, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–6, 7319:New York: Oxford University Press, 2010, 42. 6637:The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development 2843:region. Opaque watercolor and gold on paper. 2760:of Northern India. They also influenced the 1330:discovered several painted rock shelters in 8268:Hawaii University International Conferences 7698:"National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi" 7341: 7080: 7042: 6974: 6953:. Princeton University Press. p. 112. 6951:The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity 6763: 6678: 6264: 4202:. In Muslim settings they are more common. 4194:, many of Indian manufacture, but found in 1966:, temples, and prayer-halls, including the 1533:depictions. It has been suggested that the 1338:. Of these, the c. 750 sites making up the 1221:Indian artist styles historically followed 8964: 8950: 8557: 8543: 8190:"Decline of tribal and folk arts lamented" 7405: 7380:. Princeton University Press. p. 40. 6073: 6059: 5301: 5287: 4583:was, according to Siva Kumar, misleading. 3486:Pratima Visarjan by Gaganendranath Tagore. 2050:, the first Kushan emperor who united the 2012:Relief sculptures of Buddhist figures and 1687:Colossal Yaksha statuary (2nd century BCE) 1182:The origin of Indian art can be traced to 1112: 1098: 826: 812: 8500:A History Of Fine Art In India And Ceylon 8450:Indian court painting, 16th-19th century. 8062:"Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent" 8000: 7594: 7435: 7416:. DharmaNet International. Archived from 6819:. Penguin Books India. pp. 397–398. 6225: 4834:National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore 4822:National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi 4716: 8398:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, 8222:Hapgood, Susan; Hoskote, Ranjit (2015). 7411: 7373: 7159: 7013: 6948: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6640:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. ix-x. 6598: 6571: 6270: 6197: 6092:Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai 4916:Srimanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum 4701: 4687: 4633: 4619: 4609: 4500: 4362: 4303:Buddhist art first developed during the 4278: 4149:Pair of gold earrings, 1st century BCE, 4144: 4059: 3941:and the use of natural caves during the 3923: 3733: 3188:Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai 2943:Mughal art of Northern India (post-1600) 1980: 1939:One of the most notable examples of the 1926: 1911: 1874:of the centuries after the conquests of 1832:in deep relief, but then free-standing. 1798: 1690: 1594: 1498: 1376: 8133: 7785:Harle, 87; his Part 2 covers the period 7723:"Rabindranath Tagore: The Last Harvest" 7467: 6905:The Splendour of Mathurā Art and Museum 6567: 6565: 6362:Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings 6320: 6235:Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings 6120:Other Indian Art and Architecture forms 4600: 4439: 4339:free-standing structural temple is the 4072:the vulnerable support material of the 3890:, with the massive granite carvings of 3342: 2896:(Persian translation of the Hindu epic 2673:late Medieval Period and Colonial Era ( 2432:Youth in lotus pond, ceiling fresco at 1556:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 14: 9320: 8118: 8035: 7828: 7511: 7237: 7193:from the original on November 27, 2018 6901: 6756: 6685:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 248. 6592: 6429: 6358: 6210:. North Central Zone Cultural Centre. 4828:National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai 4358: 4094:developed around the same time in the 3462:Journey's End by Abanindranath Tagore. 1147:. Geographically, it spans the entire 8945: 8538: 8493: 8430:Some Notes on Indian Artistic Anatomy 8029: 7529:from the original on 14 November 2014 7265: 7261: 7259: 7155: 7153: 7151: 6933: 6883:from the original on 3 September 2019 6850: 6812: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6665: 6499: 6390: 6327:. Abhinav Publications. p. 220. 6252:from the original on 22 December 2016 6232:Shiv Kumar Tiwari (1 January 2000s). 4815: 4045: 2173:, though survivals are not numerous. 8148: 7604:Indiapedia: The All-India Factfinder 7585: 7502: 6562: 4335:Empires developed their own styles. 3730:Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent 2711:, during his reestablishment of the 2036:Kushan Empire (c. 30 CE – c. 375 CE) 1902:Shunga Dynasty (c. 185 BCE – 72 BCE) 8371:(Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2000, 8038:Introduction to Indian Architecture 7840: 7649:. February 12, 2009. Archived from 7449:from the original on 5 January 2013 7014:Agrawala, Vasudeva Sharana (1965). 6679:Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (2008). 6627: 6514:from the original on 13 August 2019 4870:Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery 4778:Pazhassi Raja Archaeological Museum 4034:in temple walls in Pundarikapuram, 1248: 1214:and philosophic traditions exclude 24: 8410: 7601:Hachette India (25 October 2013). 7256: 7148: 7020:. Prithivi Prakashan. p. 84. 6869: 6795: 6505: 6352: 4953: 4750:Government Museum, Tiruchirappalli 4177: 3782:controversially) c. 1500 BCE from 3761:(3300–1700 BC), found in sites at 3377:, Sughra Rababi, Sukhvir Sanghal. 3111:water-pipe base, c. 18th century. 2723:, two of the finest painters from 2106:, where the Kushan Empire met the 1645:at key sites from the life of the 848: 25: 9354: 8512:India: art and culture, 1300–1900 8277:from the original on 3 March 2021 8167:from the original on 4 March 2016 7607:. Hachette India. pp. 130–. 7136:Harle, 105-117, 71-84 on Gandhara 6474:. Algora Publishing. p. 19. 6461: 6423: 6365:. Sarup & Sons. p. 189. 6324:Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka 6314: 6238:. Sarup & Sons. pp. 8–. 4406:and dynamic pattern of life. The 3953:where deep erosion has left huge 3560:well-known today are Bal Chabda, 3557:Bombay Progressive Artists' Group 3222:-clad women in a graceful manner. 3070:Deccan art of South-Central India 2870:With the death of Akbar, his son 8925: 8916: 8915: 8258: 8224:"Abby Grey And Indian Modernism" 8103: 7673:"Showcase – Artists Collectives" 7621:from the original on 7 June 2016 7185:Department of Asian Art (2000). 7081:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007). 7043:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007). 6981:. BRILL. p. Fig.85, p.365. 6975:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007). 6764:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007). 5268: 4846: 4186:or bone were discouraged by the 3913: 3702: 3686: 3670: 3655: 3503: 3491: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3440: 3313: 3292: 3269: 3235: 3162: 3146: 3119: 3113:Los Angeles County Museum of Art 3101: 3078: 2983: 2967: 2951: 2922:among these were the schools of 2848: 2825: 2802: 2777: 2645: 2626: 2607: 2584: 2569: 2543: 2441: 2425: 2402: 2375: 2269: 2254: 2230: 2210: 2192: 1465:identified a resemblance to the 1274: 1262: 38: 8564: 8466:(see index: pages 148-152) 8331:from the original on 2014-11-29 8317: 8306:from the original on 2014-11-20 8252: 8215: 8182: 8142: 8127: 8112: 8097: 8079: 8068:from the original on 2006-12-11 8054: 7994: 7985: 7955: 7946: 7937: 7928: 7919: 7908:from the original on 2018-06-24 7890: 7879:from the original on 2007-03-08 7865: 7854:from the original on 2020-04-03 7815: 7806: 7797: 7788: 7779: 7770: 7749: 7740: 7729:from the original on 2012-12-04 7715: 7704:from the original on 2013-05-09 7690: 7679:from the original on 2018-12-25 7665: 7633: 7579: 7568:from the original on 2016-06-24 7554:. Alpine Fine Arts Collection. 7496: 7461: 7394:from the original on 2020-06-20 7367: 7335: 7322: 7317:The Silk Road in World History, 7309: 7295:. Delhi : B.R. Pub. Corp. 7284: 7231: 7205: 7178: 7139: 7130: 7121: 7112: 7101:from the original on 2021-06-24 7074: 7063:from the original on 2020-06-13 7035: 7024:from the original on 2020-06-09 7006: 6995:from the original on 2020-06-09 6967: 6922:from the original on 2020-06-09 6908:. D.K. Printworld. p. 76. 6902:Sharma, Ramesh Chandra (1994). 6895: 6844: 6833:from the original on 2020-06-09 6784:from the original on 2020-06-09 6770:. BRILL. p. 368, Fig. 88. 6747: 6728: 6719: 6710: 6699:from the original on 2019-12-23 6654:from the original on 2020-02-26 6553: 6544: 6526: 6488:from the original on 2017-10-11 6450:from the original on 2020-02-17 6412:from the original on 2017-12-04 6379:from the original on 2020-02-17 6341:from the original on 2020-04-03 6303:from the original on 2021-06-13 6214:from the original on 2020-02-17 4735:Archaeological Museum, Thrissur 4605: 3256:) depicting an official of the 2095:(a mark between his eyebrows). 1637:, who died in 232 BCE, adopted 1494: 9287:British Indian Ocean Territory 8883:British Indian Ocean Territory 8503:. The Clarendon Press, Oxford. 7352:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe147 7330:Origins of the Gandharan Style 6102:Indian vernacular architecture 4723:Archaeological Survey of India 3961:found there contain primitive 3003:Other medieval Indian kingdoms 2978:, enthroned. ca. 17th century. 2835:playing flute, ca. 1790–1800, 1737:who in the right hand holds a 13: 1: 8971: 8345: 8136:Gond Art: Tribal Art of India 7291:Nārāyaṇa Rāya, Udaya (2006). 6506:Pathak, Dr. Meenakshi Dubey. 4673:Government Museum (Bangalore) 4295:(destroyed in an eruption of 4205: 4198:, and some relatively modern 3957:outcrops. The many caves and 3910:, Siva saints and many more. 3793:from 270 to 232 BCE, and the 3521: 3328: 3246: 2958:Jahangir in Darbar, from the 2688: 2674: 2532:(11th to 12th centuries) and 2530:Western Chalukya architecture 2391: 2315: 2286: 2115: 2009:was constructed from a cave. 1974:, and the first phase of the 1775: 1611:influences. 3rd century BCE, 1575: 1363: 7972:Traditional Jewelry of India 7873:"Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka" 7443:"Great Living Chola Temples" 6405:. UNESCO. 2003. p. 16. 6207:Pre-historic Indian Painting 6186:Badami Chalukya architecture 6181:Pallava art and architecture 4864:Asutosh Museum of Indian Art 4840:Kolkata Museum of Modern Art 4797:State Archaeological Gallery 4541:counter culture of modernity 4431:feature bold, graphic lines. 4212:Indian rock-cut architecture 4140: 3723: 2962:, c. 1620. Gouache on paper. 2526:Badami Chalukya architecture 2331:Pallava art and architecture 1763:where this design is known. 1651:Indian rock-cut architecture 1457:, sitting cross-legged in a 7: 8508:Welch, Stuart Cary (1985). 8007:. Oxford University Press. 7850:. art-and-archaeology.com. 6879:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 6762:Dated 100 BCE in Fig.88 in 6682:A Dictionary of Archaeology 6359:Tiwari, Shiv Kumar (2000). 6321:Mathpal, Yashodhar (1984). 4925: 4729:AP State Archaeology Museum 4423:background of red or ochre. 4240:started to imitate them at 3878:dynasty (c. 850–1250) from 3848:and Buddhist sculptures of 3283:with its keyboard visible. 3227:Pre-independence Indian art 3212:Indo-Saracenic architecture 1362:Indus Valley civilisation ( 1253: 10: 9359: 7412:Dhammika, Ven. S. (1994). 7377:Hinduism: Past and Present 7344:The Encyclopedia of Empire 7160:Stokstad, Marilyn (2018). 6399:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka 6176:Chola art and architecture 4842:– foundation laid in 2013. 4745:Government Museum, Mathura 4720: 4678:Government Museum, Chennai 4650:National Museum, New Delhi 4615:National Museum, New Delhi 4443: 4291:was found in the ruins of 4209: 4105:or albums of painting and 4086:tradition imported by the 4049: 3947:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka 3917: 3844:The pink sandstone Hindu, 3821:from what is now southern 3777:. However such figures in 3727: 3719:By materials and art forms 3285:Victoria and Albert Museum 3181:British period (1857–1947) 2715:in 1555, brought with him 2701:Islamic conquests in India 2692: 2487:Great Living Chola Temples 2448:Chola bronze sculpture of 2335:Chola art and architecture 2328: 2314:Dynasties of South India ( 2248:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2128: 2046:Officially established by 2039: 1955: 1905: 1844:prayer halls and monastic 1788: 1588: 1544:Black and red ware culture 1514: 1394: 1344:UNESCO World Heritage Site 1316:, twelve years before the 1287: 9275: 9235: 8979: 8911: 8870: 8830: 8572: 8001:Glucklich, Ariel (2008). 7974:. New York: Abrams, 1997 7087:. BRILL. pp. 23–25. 6744:, Know India india.gov.in 6289:10.1017/S0035869X00026113 6166:Vijayanagara architecture 4755:Hill Palace, Tripunithura 4172:Indus Valley civilization 3894:dating from the previous 3759:Indus Valley civilisation 3009:Vijayanagara architecture 2483:their pursuit of the arts 2302:Hindu temple architecture 2171:Hindu temple architecture 2162:, the last the centre of 1570:and local popular cults. 1548:Painted Grey Ware culture 1403:Indus Valley civilisation 1397:Indus Valley civilisation 9042:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 8632:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 8119:Thakur, Upendra (1991). 6191: 4535:Several terms including 3662:Group of Three Girls by 3450:by Abanindranath Tagore. 3348:The Bengal School of Art 2974:Portrait of the emperor 2615:Wooden Owls of Natungram 2528:(5th to 6th centuries), 2362:, situated south of the 2307:middle kingdoms of India 2241:killing the horse-demon 1342:have been enrolled as a 1151:, including what is now 9297:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8893:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8470:Lerner, Martin (1984). 8446:Kossak, Steven (1997). 8123:. Abhinav Publications. 7803:Harle, 301-310, 325-327 7523:Encyclopædia Britannica 7374:Michaels, Axel (2004). 6949:Boardman, John (1993). 6851:Singh, Upinder (2008). 6510:. Bradshaw Foundation. 6430:Mithen, Steven (2011). 6271:Cockburn, John (1899). 6204:Jagadish Gupta (1996). 4806:Victoria Jubilee Museum 4577:Benode Behari Mukherjee 4492:Benode Behari Mukherjee 4400:Cherial Scroll Painting 3949:are on the edge of the 3920:Cave paintings in India 3753:, 10th or 11th century. 3380:Between 1920 and 1925, 3375:Kshitindranath Majumdar 3206:. Many commissions by 3030:disintegrated into the 2787:, from Volume 7 of the 1823:, some of which remain 1721:, king of the Yakshas, 1546:(1450-1200 BCE) or the 1340:Bhimbetka rock shelters 1290:Cave paintings in India 1175:, and at times eastern 8134:Upadhya, Hema (2008). 8036:Thapar, Binda (2004). 7848:"Prehistoric Rock Art" 6813:Dalal, Roshen (2010). 6436:. Orion. p. 524. 5495:Art of the Middle East 4958: 4740:City Museum, Hyderabad 4717:Archaeological museums 4713: 4699: 4645: 4631: 4625:Prince of Wales Museum 4617: 4509: 4460:Ghulam Mohammed Sheikh 4371: 4300: 4154: 4068: 3985:caves, the last being 3933: 3754: 3617:Narayanan Ramachandran 3427:took inspiration from 3308:(1870). Oil on canvas. 2638:Kalighat School of Art 2517:being Jain instead of 2477:, with its monolithic 2294: 1206 CE/1526 CE 1993: 1936: 1917: 1808: 1711: 1662:Lion Capital of Ashoka 1615: 1512: 1507:(2nd millennium BCE). 1392: 1336:Vindhya mountain range 1334:, situated around the 853: 248:Art of the Middle East 49:Lion Capital of Ashoka 7268:Sri Subrahmanya Smrti 7213:"Indian subcontinent" 7118:Harle, 105-117, 26-47 7049:. BRILL. p. 24. 6740:May 11, 2012, at the 6126:Architecture of India 5618:Art of Southeast Asia 5325:Periods and movements 4957: 4705: 4691: 4637: 4623: 4613: 4516:emerged in 1997 from 4504: 4366: 4282: 4148: 4063: 4020:Kerala mural painting 3927: 3918:Further information: 3737: 3409:Gaganendranath Tagore 2727:'s renowned atelier. 2395: 6th century CE 2329:Further information: 2319: 3rd century CE 2246:, c. 5th century CE. 1984: 1930: 1920:With the fall of the 1915: 1802: 1694: 1598: 1502: 1380: 1350:, which is a form of 1303:South Asian Stone Age 978:Rock-cut architecture 852: 371:Art of Southeast Asia 78:Periods and movements 9212:United Arab Emirates 8807:United Arab Emirates 8425:Abanindranath Tagore 8138:. Rupa Publications. 7503:Fazl, Abu'l (1927). 6161:Hoysala architecture 5212:World Heritage Sites 4601:Art museums of India 4591:Contextual Modernism 4581:Bengal School of Art 4514:Contextual Modernism 4476:Contextual Modernism 4440:Contextual Modernism 4074:palm-leaf manuscript 3602:Bikash Bhattacharjee 3553:Francis Newton Souza 3401:Abanindranath Tagore 3356:Abanindranath Tagore 3343:Bengal School of Art 3325:Abanindranath Tagore 3218:'s oil paintings of 2730:During the reign of 2725:Persian Shah Tahmasp 2577:Rasmancha, Bishnupur 2558:Kalinga architecture 2534:Hoysala architecture 2491:UNESCO Heritage Site 2339:Inscriptions on the 2262:Iron Pillar of Delhi 1935:, built circa 120 CE 1540:Copper Hoard culture 1535:early Vedic religion 1523:Indo-Aryan migration 1505:Copper Hoard culture 1417:. Additionally, the 983:Ancient architecture 9237:States with limited 8834:limited recognition 8365:Harsha V. Dehejia, 8158:Planning Commission 7266:Sarma, I.K (2001). 6097:Indian architecture 5804:Art of the Americas 5543:Art of Central Asia 5240:Ministry of Tourism 5235:Ministry of Culture 5009:Arts and literature 4836:– inaugurated 2009. 4830:– established 1996. 4824:– established 1954. 4764:Odisha State Museum 4569:Rabindranath Tagore 4484:Rabindranath Tagore 4359:Folk and tribal art 4351:with finely carved 4159:Indian subcontinent 4107:Islamic calligraphy 4022:has well-preserved 3998:Brihadisvara Temple 3749:("Lord of Dance"), 3644:Shivaji K. Panikkar 3598:Bose Krishnamachari 3405:Rabindranath Tagore 3334:). Chromoxylograph. 3141:. Completed in 1656 3096:. Completed in 1591 2862:, 1852. Watercolor. 2820:. Mughal miniature. 2591:Terracotta work on 2515:Badami cave temples 2469:constructed by the 2456:, the Lord of Dance 2384:Badami cave temples 2276:Ajanta Caves Fresco 2183:Golden Age of India 1992:to visit the Buddha 1876:Alexander the Great 1679:Many small popular 1670:Indian independence 1628:Pataliputra capital 1601:Pataliputra capital 1314:Archibald Carlleyle 1312:were discovered by 1149:Indian subcontinent 557:Art of the Americas 296:Art of Central Asia 8368:The Advaita of Art 8121:Madhubani Painting 8091:2010-12-29 at the 7588:The Economic Times 6171:Greco-Buddhist art 5430:Post-Impressionism 4959: 4888:Thiruvananthapuram 4853:Albert Hall Museum 4816:Modern art museums 4714: 4700: 4646: 4632: 4618: 4553:colonial modernity 4549:Colonial modernity 4510: 4372: 4301: 4155: 4069: 4046:Miniature painting 3934: 3815:Greco-Buddhist art 3755: 3592:, Himmat Shah and 3588:, Akbar Padamsee, 3564:, V. S. Gaitonde, 3520:Contemporary art ( 3279:, an 18th-century 3258:East India Company 3196:East India Company 2746:Persian miniatures 2475:Hindu architecture 2224:Dashavatara Temple 2219:Mahishasuramardini 2202:, 5th century CE, 2164:Greco-Buddhist art 2072:Greco-Buddhist art 1994: 1958:Satavahana dynasty 1937: 1918: 1872:Greco-Buddhist art 1809: 1791:Greco-Buddhist art 1712: 1626:, as shown by the 1616: 1513: 1393: 1328:Dr. V. S. Wakankar 1297:of India includes 1084:Visual arts portal 854: 842:Art forms of India 183:Post-Impressionism 9315: 9314: 9279:other territories 8939: 8938: 8876:other territories 8523:978-0-944142-13-4 8495:Smith, Vincent A. 8485:978-0-87099-374-9 8461:978-0-87099-783-9 8240:on 3 January 2016 8106:Folk art of India 8104:Bose, Aurobindo. 8047:978-0-7946-0011-2 8014:978-0-19-531405-2 7614:978-93-5009-766-3 7561:978-0-933516-52-6 7420:on March 28, 2014 7387:978-0-691-08953-9 7361:978-1-118-45507-4 7217:Oxford Art Online 7171:978-0-13-447588-2 6915:978-81-246-0015-3 6862:978-81-317-1120-0 6826:978-0-14-341517-6 6692:978-0-470-75196-1 6647:978-81-215-0565-9 6481:978-0-87586-484-6 6443:978-1-78022-259-2 6245:978-81-7625-086-3 6083: 6082: 5593:Art of South Asia 5311: 5310: 4898:Sanskriti Museums 4707:Government Museum 4693:Salar Jung Museum 4667:Salar Jung Museum 4188:Dharmic religions 4096:Deccan sultanates 4084:Persian miniature 3795:Pillars of Ashoka 3578:K. G. Subramanyan 3393:Swadeshi Movement 3262:William Fullerton 3032:Deccan sultanates 3028:Bahmani sultanate 2904:Tuzuk-i Jahangiri 2473:symbolizes early 2364:Vindhya mountains 2341:Pillars of Ashoka 2300:Over this period 2076:Mahayana Buddhism 1703:, circa 100 BCE. 1658:Pillars of Ashoka 1618:The north Indian 1531:anthropomorphical 1249:Early Indian art 1122: 1121: 836: 835: 346:Art of South Asia 51:, circa 250 BCE. 16:(Redirected from 9350: 9292:Christmas Island 9277:Dependencies and 8980:Sovereign states 8966: 8959: 8952: 8943: 8942: 8929: 8919: 8918: 8888:Christmas Island 8574:Sovereign states 8559: 8552: 8545: 8536: 8535: 8527: 8504: 8489: 8465: 8442: 8392:Mitter, Partha. 8383:Kapila Vatsyayan 8340: 8339: 8337: 8336: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8296: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8276: 8265: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8239: 8231:Grey Art Gallery 8228: 8219: 8213: 8212: 8207: 8205: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8172: 8166: 8155: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8101: 8095: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8033: 8027: 8026: 7998: 7992: 7989: 7983: 7970:Untracht, Oppi. 7968: 7962: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7944: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7926: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7844: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7819: 7813: 7810: 7804: 7801: 7795: 7792: 7786: 7783: 7777: 7774: 7768: 7765: 7756: 7753: 7747: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7694: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7641:"For art's sake" 7637: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7476:(3/4): 247–277. 7465: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7445:. UNESCO. 1987. 7439: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7425: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7339: 7333: 7326: 7320: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7263: 7254: 7253: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7157: 7146: 7143: 7137: 7134: 7128: 7125: 7119: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6946: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6899: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6810: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6760: 6754: 6751: 6745: 6732: 6726: 6723: 6717: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6676: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6607:(1/4): 111–143. 6596: 6590: 6589: 6569: 6560: 6557: 6551: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6533: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6411: 6404: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6201: 6156:Sundari painting 6075: 6068: 6061: 5551:Art of East Asia 5313: 5312: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5275:India portal 5273: 5272: 5271: 5255:Incredible India 5125:Physical culture 4956: 4930: 4929: 4875:Goa State Museum 4859:Allahabad Museum 4414:and arts of the 4343:, a part of the 4285:Indo-Roman trade 4163:store of capital 4119:Company painting 3928:Fresco from the 3706: 3690: 3674: 3659: 3526: 3523: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3444: 3407:(1861–1941) and 3333: 3330: 3317: 3296: 3273: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3243:Company painting 3239: 3166: 3150: 3123: 3105: 3082: 3013:Hampi, Karnataka 3011:, especially at 2987: 2971: 2955: 2860:Willam Carpenter 2852: 2829: 2806: 2793:, supervised by 2781: 2750:Rajput paintings 2683: 2679: 2676: 2649: 2630: 2611: 2588: 2573: 2507:Chalukya dynasty 2501:. Thanks to the 2499:fresco paintings 2495:lost-wax casting 2445: 2429: 2406: 2396: 2393: 2388:Chalukya dynasty 2379: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2273: 2258: 2234: 2214: 2196: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2048:Kujula Kadphises 2003:circumambulation 1807:, circa 150 BCE. 1784: 1780: 1777: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1428:. Thousands of 1372: 1368: 1365: 1318:Cave of Altamira 1278: 1266: 1223:Indian religions 1114: 1107: 1100: 851: 838: 837: 828: 821: 814: 304:Art of East Asia 66: 65: 42: 21: 9358: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9338:Arts by culture 9318: 9317: 9316: 9311: 9280: 9278: 9271: 9252:Northern Cyprus 9240: 9238: 9231: 9022:Burma (Myanmar) 8975: 8970: 8940: 8935: 8907: 8875: 8866: 8847:Northern Cyprus 8833: 8826: 8568: 8563: 8532: 8524: 8486: 8462: 8413: 8411:Further reading 8348: 8343: 8334: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8309: 8307: 8298: 8297: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8274: 8263: 8257: 8253: 8243: 8241: 8237: 8226: 8220: 8216: 8203: 8201: 8200:on 2 March 2015 8188: 8187: 8183: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8153: 8147: 8143: 8132: 8128: 8117: 8113: 8102: 8098: 8093:Wayback Machine 8084: 8080: 8071: 8069: 8060: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8034: 8030: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7990: 7986: 7969: 7965: 7960: 7956: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7920: 7911: 7909: 7896: 7895: 7891: 7882: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7857: 7855: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7820: 7816: 7811: 7807: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7780: 7775: 7771: 7766: 7759: 7754: 7750: 7745: 7741: 7732: 7730: 7721: 7720: 7716: 7707: 7705: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7682: 7680: 7671: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7653:on May 25, 2011 7639: 7638: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7615: 7599: 7595: 7584: 7580: 7571: 7569: 7562: 7546: 7542: 7532: 7530: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7501: 7497: 7482:10.2307/3249873 7466: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7441: 7440: 7436: 7423: 7421: 7410: 7406: 7397: 7395: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7362: 7340: 7336: 7327: 7323: 7314: 7310: 7303: 7289: 7285: 7278: 7264: 7257: 7250: 7238:Sarkar (2006). 7236: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7158: 7149: 7144: 7140: 7135: 7131: 7126: 7122: 7117: 7113: 7104: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7066: 7064: 7057: 7040: 7036: 7027: 7025: 7011: 7007: 6998: 6996: 6989: 6972: 6968: 6961: 6947: 6934: 6925: 6923: 6916: 6900: 6896: 6886: 6884: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6863: 6849: 6845: 6836: 6834: 6827: 6811: 6796: 6787: 6785: 6778: 6761: 6757: 6752: 6748: 6742:Wayback Machine 6733: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6715: 6711: 6702: 6700: 6693: 6677: 6666: 6657: 6655: 6648: 6632: 6628: 6597: 6593: 6570: 6563: 6558: 6554: 6549: 6545: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6517: 6515: 6504: 6500: 6491: 6489: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6453: 6451: 6444: 6428: 6424: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6382: 6380: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6344: 6342: 6335: 6319: 6315: 6306: 6304: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6217: 6215: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6109:Crafts of India 6087:Indian painting 6079: 6050: 6049: 5998: 5990: 5989: 5945: 5937: 5936: 5870: 5860: 5859: 5688: 5621: 5596: 5554: 5546: 5497: 5492: 5484: 5483: 5405:Pre-Raphaelites 5326: 5307: 5269: 5267: 5260: 5259: 5230: 5222: 5221: 5187: 5179: 5178: 5088: 5080: 5079: 5010: 5002: 5001: 4967: 4954: 4928: 4849: 4818: 4725: 4719: 4608: 4603: 4573:Ram Kinker Baij 4478:, restored the 4448: 4442: 4370:from Maharastra 4361: 4289:Pompeii Lakshmi 4214: 4208: 4180: 4178:Other materials 4143: 4135:easel paintings 4131:Kangra painting 4115:Pahari painting 4111:Rajput painting 4092:Deccan painting 4080:Mughal painting 4058: 4056:Mughal painting 4052:Indian painting 4050:Main articles: 4048: 4042:and elsewhere. 3922: 3916: 3874:bronzes of the 3863:Elephanta Caves 3732: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3698: 3691: 3682: 3675: 3666: 3664:Amrita Sher-Gil 3660: 3582:A. Ramachandran 3529: 3524: 3515: 3508: 3499: 3496: 3487: 3484: 3475: 3472: 3463: 3460: 3451: 3445: 3429:folk traditions 3413:Amrita Sher-Gil 3397:Raja Ravi Varma 3371:Sudhir Khastgir 3345: 3340: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3318: 3309: 3306:Raja Ravi Varma 3297: 3288: 3274: 3265: 3253: 3249: 3240: 3229: 3228: 3216:Raja Ravi Varma 3183: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3158: 3151: 3142: 3124: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3083: 3072: 3071: 3005: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2988: 2979: 2972: 2963: 2956: 2945: 2944: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2853: 2844: 2830: 2821: 2807: 2798: 2782: 2771: 2770: 2752:(including the 2713:Delhi Sultanate 2709:Emperor Humayun 2697: 2695:Mughal painting 2691: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2668: 2650: 2641: 2631: 2622: 2612: 2603: 2593:Shyamrai Temple 2589: 2580: 2574: 2548:In east India, 2546: 2457: 2446: 2437: 2430: 2421: 2418:Pallava dynasty 2407: 2398: 2394: 2380: 2360:Tamil dynasties 2337: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2265: 2259: 2250: 2235: 2226: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2186: 2185: 2133: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2100:Hellenistic art 2044: 2038: 1968:Amaravati Stupa 1960: 1954: 1910: 1904: 1797: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1757:Hellenistic art 1689: 1666:Emblem of India 1593: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1529:, is devoid of 1519: 1497: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1399: 1375: 1371: 1750 BCE 1370: 1367: 3300 BCE 1366: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1256: 1251: 1231:South East Asia 1118: 1089: 1088: 1064: 1056: 1055: 1011: 1003: 1002: 968: 960: 959: 895: 887: 886: 862: 849: 832: 803: 802: 751: 743: 742: 698: 690: 689: 623: 613: 612: 441: 374: 349: 307: 299: 250: 245: 237: 236: 158:Pre-Raphaelites 79: 64: 63: 62: 61: 60: 43: 34: 33: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9356: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9333:Art by country 9330: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9276: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9243: 9241: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8983: 8981: 8977: 8976: 8969: 8968: 8961: 8954: 8946: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8923: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8879: 8877: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8562: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8539: 8530: 8529: 8522: 8505: 8491: 8484: 8467: 8460: 8443: 8421: 8417: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8407: 8390: 8380: 8363: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8316: 8288: 8251: 8214: 8181: 8141: 8126: 8111: 8096: 8078: 8053: 8046: 8028: 8013: 7993: 7984: 7963: 7961:Harle, 407-420 7954: 7952:Harle, 400-406 7945: 7943:Harle, 372-382 7936: 7934:Harle, 361-366 7927: 7918: 7904:. 2010-06-10. 7889: 7864: 7839: 7827: 7814: 7812:Harle, 276–284 7805: 7796: 7787: 7778: 7776:Harle, 342-350 7769: 7757: 7748: 7739: 7714: 7689: 7664: 7632: 7613: 7593: 7578: 7560: 7540: 7510: 7495: 7460: 7434: 7404: 7386: 7366: 7360: 7334: 7328:Lolita Nehru, 7321: 7308: 7301: 7283: 7276: 7255: 7248: 7230: 7204: 7177: 7170: 7147: 7138: 7129: 7120: 7111: 7093: 7073: 7055: 7034: 7005: 6987: 6966: 6959: 6932: 6914: 6894: 6868: 6861: 6843: 6825: 6794: 6776: 6755: 6746: 6727: 6718: 6709: 6691: 6664: 6646: 6626: 6591: 6561: 6552: 6543: 6534: 6525: 6498: 6480: 6460: 6442: 6422: 6389: 6371: 6351: 6333: 6313: 6279:. New Series. 6263: 6244: 6224: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6136:Art of Mathura 6133: 6131:Indo-Greek art 6128: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6094: 6089: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5877: 5871: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5833:Art of Oceania 5829: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5346:Pre-Romanesque 5338: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5317:History of art 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5277: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4950: 4949: 4939: 4938: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4913: 4904: 4895: 4890: 4881: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4856: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4792:Sarnath Museum 4789: 4787:Sanghol Museum 4784: 4775: 4770: 4761: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4718: 4715: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4496:Ramkinkar Baij 4464:Bhupen Khakhar 4456:Vivan Sundaram 4444:Main article: 4441: 4438: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4368:Warli painting 4360: 4357: 4297:Mount Vesuvius 4287:: in 1938 the 4230:rock-cut caves 4210:Main article: 4207: 4204: 4192:Begram ivories 4179: 4176: 4151:Andhra Pradesh 4142: 4139: 4117:, and finally 4088:Mughal Emperor 4047: 4044: 3951:Deccan Plateau 3915: 3912: 3769:in modern-day 3728:Main article: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3667: 3661: 3654: 3648:Ranjit Hoskote 3621:Vivan Sundaram 3586:Devender Singh 3566:Krishen Khanna 3555:– founded the 3528: 3525: 1900 CE 3518: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3454: 3452: 3446: 3439: 3433:K.C.S. Paniker 3382:Gaganendranath 3344: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3319: 3312: 3310: 3298: 3291: 3289: 3275: 3268: 3266: 3245:by Dip Chand ( 3241: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3208:Indian princes 3182: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3143: 3125: 3118: 3116: 3107: 3100: 3098: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2964: 2957: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2940: 2865: 2864: 2854: 2847: 2845: 2831: 2824: 2822: 2808: 2801: 2799: 2783: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2717:Mir Sayyid Ali 2693:Main article: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 1757 CE 2678: 1526 CE 2671: 2670: 2669: 2651: 2644: 2642: 2632: 2625: 2623: 2613: 2606: 2604: 2590: 2583: 2581: 2575: 2568: 2545: 2542: 2497:technique and 2459: 2458: 2447: 2440: 2438: 2431: 2424: 2422: 2408: 2401: 2399: 2382:Cave 3 at the 2381: 2374: 2326: 2323: 1200 CE 2312: 2297: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2268: 2266: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2216: 2209: 2207: 2204:Sarnath Museum 2198: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2129:Main article: 2126: 2112: 2040:Main article: 2037: 2034: 1956:Main article: 1953: 1950: 1941:Buddhist stupa 1906:Main article: 1903: 1900: 1786: 1779: 150 BCE 1774:Buddhist art ( 1772: 1768:art of Mathura 1709:Mathura Museum 1705:Art of Mathura 1688: 1685: 1674:Mauryan polish 1589:Main article: 1586: 1583: 185 BCE 1579: 322 BCE 1572: 1515:Main article: 1509:Mathura Museum 1496: 1493: 1455:Pashupati Seal 1395:Main article: 1374: 1360: 1288:Main article: 1280: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245:, and Europe. 1212:Indian funeral 1120: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1102: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1074:Indian culture 1071: 1069:Indian history 1065: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 973:Cave paintings 969: 966: 965: 962: 961: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 920:Greco-Buddhist 917: 912: 907: 902: 896: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 879: 874: 869: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 845: 844: 834: 833: 831: 830: 823: 816: 808: 805: 804: 801: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 774: 773: 763: 758: 752: 749: 748: 745: 744: 741: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 699: 696: 695: 692: 691: 688: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 646: 645: 640: 630: 624: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 605: 600: 595: 586:Art of Oceania 582: 581: 576: 571: 566: 553: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 434: 433: 428: 423: 418: 417: 416: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 367: 366: 361: 356: 342: 341: 336: 331: 326: 325: 324: 319: 292: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 246: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 233: 232: 227: 222: 217: 207: 206: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 124: 123: 113: 112: 111: 106: 101: 99:Pre-Romanesque 91: 86: 80: 77: 76: 73: 72: 70:History of art 53:Sarnath Museum 44: 37: 36: 35: 31: 30: 29: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9355: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9328:Arts in India 9326: 9325: 9323: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9262:South Ossetia 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9242: 9234: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8962: 8960: 8955: 8953: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8922: 8914: 8913: 8910: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8857:South Ossetia 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8555: 8553: 8548: 8546: 8541: 8540: 8537: 8533: 8525: 8519: 8515: 8514: 8511: 8506: 8502: 8501: 8496: 8492: 8487: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8449: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8405: 8404:0-19-284221-8 8401: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8379:), p. 97 8378: 8377:81-208-1389-8 8374: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8351:Harle, J.C., 8350: 8349: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8293: 8273: 8269: 8262: 8259:Gall, David. 8255: 8236: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8199: 8195: 8194:Deccan Herald 8191: 8185: 8178: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8145: 8137: 8130: 8122: 8115: 8107: 8100: 8094: 8090: 8087: 8082: 8067: 8063: 8057: 8049: 8043: 8039: 8032: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8010: 8006: 8005: 7997: 7988: 7981: 7980:0-8109-3886-3 7977: 7973: 7967: 7958: 7949: 7940: 7931: 7922: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7893: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7836: 7831: 7824: 7818: 7809: 7800: 7791: 7782: 7773: 7764: 7762: 7752: 7743: 7728: 7724: 7718: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7606: 7605: 7597: 7589: 7582: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7544: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7506: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7470:Artibus Asiae 7464: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7431: 7419: 7415: 7408: 7393: 7389: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7370: 7363: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7325: 7318: 7312: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7287: 7279: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7260: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7234: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7173: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7142: 7133: 7124: 7115: 7100: 7096: 7094:9789004155374 7090: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7062: 7058: 7056:9789004155374 7052: 7048: 7047: 7038: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7009: 6994: 6990: 6988:9789004155374 6984: 6980: 6979: 6970: 6962: 6960:0-691-03680-2 6956: 6952: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6898: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6864: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6818: 6817: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6777:9789004155374 6773: 6769: 6768: 6759: 6750: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6731: 6722: 6713: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6630: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6601:East and West 6595: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6574:East and West 6568: 6566: 6556: 6547: 6538: 6529: 6513: 6509: 6502: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6464: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6426: 6408: 6401: 6400: 6393: 6378: 6374: 6372:9788176250863 6368: 6364: 6363: 6355: 6340: 6336: 6334:9788170171935 6330: 6326: 6325: 6317: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6267: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6228: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6076: 6071: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5864: 5863: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811:Pre-Columbian 5809: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5771: 5770:Art of Africa 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5685:Art of Europe 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5526:South Arabian 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5488: 5487: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5467:Conceptualism 5465: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5445:Expressionism 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5415:Impressionism 5413: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5385:Neoclassicism 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5304: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5290: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5229:Organizations 5226: 5225: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4907:Watson Museum 4905: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4884:Napier Museum 4882: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4847:Other museums 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4661:Indian Museum 4659: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4639:Indian Museum 4636: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4565:Nandalal Bose 4562: 4561:R. Siva Kumar 4559:According to 4557: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4518:R. Siva Kumar 4515: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4488:Nandalal Bose 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4472:R. Siva Kumar 4469: 4468:Nalini Malani 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4369: 4365: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4349:Bay of Bengal 4346: 4345:Mahabalipuram 4342: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4147: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4075: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4032:wall painting 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3914:Wall painting 3911: 3909: 3906:and his wife 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892:Mahabalipuram 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3861:, though the 3860: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3825:and northern 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3712: 3711:Satish Gujral 3705: 3700: 3696: 3695:Devajyoti Ray 3689: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640:R. Siva Kumar 3637: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3625:Jitish Kallat 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609:Nalini Malani 3605: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3513: 3512:Nandalal Bose 3506: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3367:Nandalal Bose 3364: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3326: 3322: 3321:Asoka's Queen 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3244: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3192:Company style 3189: 3171: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 2993: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2960:Jahangir-nama 2954: 2949: 2948: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2762:Company style 2759: 2755: 2754:Kangra school 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705:Mughal Empire 2702: 2696: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2544:Eastern India 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2455: 2451: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2423: 2420:, 700–728 CE) 2419: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2400: 2389: 2385: 2378: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2332: 2311: 2308: 2303: 2290: 600 CE 2272: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2213: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2200:Seated Buddha 2195: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2138: 2132: 2123: 550 CE 2119: 320 CE 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056:Kushan empire 2053: 2049: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1922:Maurya Empire 1914: 1909: 1908:Shunga Empire 1899: 1897: 1893: 1892:Kushan Empire 1890:. The Indian 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1783: 500 CE 1771: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753:John Boardman 1750: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Maurya Empire 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1574:Mauryan art ( 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:John Marshall 1460: 1456: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1379: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:Central India 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1307:rock carvings 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1277: 1265: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1041:Barabar caves 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1007: 1006: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 964: 963: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 915:Indo-Scythian 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 891: 890: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 864: 858: 857: 847: 846: 843: 840: 839: 829: 824: 822: 817: 815: 810: 809: 807: 806: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 772: 769: 768: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 747: 746: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 700: 694: 693: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 634: 631: 629: 626: 625: 622: 617: 616: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 589: 588: 587: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 564:Pre-Columbian 562: 561: 560: 559: 558: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 526: 525: 524: 523:Art of Africa 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 443: 442: 440: 439: 438:Art of Europe 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 415: 412: 411: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 375: 373: 372: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 350: 348: 347: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 309: 308: 306: 305: 300: 298: 297: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 279:South Arabian 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 251: 249: 241: 240: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 220:Conceptualism 218: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 204: 201: 199: 198:Expressionism 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 168:Impressionism 166: 165: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 138:Neoclassicism 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 81: 75: 74: 71: 68: 67: 58: 54: 50: 47: 41: 27: 19: 9207:Turkmenistan 9172:Saudi Arabia 9056: 8872:Dependencies 8802:Turkmenistan 8767:Saudi Arabia 8566:Art of Asia 8531: 8528:fully online 8513: 8510: 8499: 8490:fully online 8475: 8472: 8451: 8448: 8429: 8420:Corporation. 8393: 8386: 8366: 8352: 8333:. Retrieved 8319: 8308:. Retrieved 8279:. Retrieved 8267: 8254: 8242:. Retrieved 8235:the original 8230: 8217: 8209: 8202:. Retrieved 8198:the original 8193: 8184: 8176: 8169:. Retrieved 8157: 8144: 8135: 8129: 8120: 8114: 8105: 8099: 8081: 8070:. Retrieved 8056: 8037: 8031: 8003: 7996: 7987: 7971: 7966: 7957: 7948: 7939: 7930: 7921: 7910:. Retrieved 7901: 7892: 7881:. Retrieved 7867: 7856:. Retrieved 7842: 7835: 7830: 7822: 7817: 7808: 7799: 7790: 7781: 7772: 7767:Harle, 26–38 7755:Harle, 22–24 7751: 7746:Harle, 17–20 7742: 7731:. Retrieved 7717: 7706:. Retrieved 7692: 7681:. Retrieved 7667: 7655:. Retrieved 7651:the original 7644: 7635: 7623:. Retrieved 7603: 7596: 7590:. p. 5. 7587: 7581: 7570:. Retrieved 7550: 7543: 7531:. Retrieved 7522: 7513: 7505:Ain-i Akbari 7504: 7498: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7451:. Retrieved 7437: 7429: 7422:. Retrieved 7418:the original 7407: 7396:. Retrieved 7376: 7369: 7343: 7337: 7329: 7324: 7316: 7311: 7292: 7286: 7267: 7239: 7233: 7221:. Retrieved 7216: 7207: 7197:November 26, 7195:. Retrieved 7180: 7161: 7141: 7132: 7127:Harle, 59-70 7123: 7114: 7103:. Retrieved 7083: 7076: 7065:. Retrieved 7045: 7037: 7026:. Retrieved 7016: 7008: 6997:. Retrieved 6977: 6969: 6950: 6924:. Retrieved 6904: 6897: 6885:. Retrieved 6871: 6852: 6846: 6835:. Retrieved 6815: 6786:. Retrieved 6766: 6758: 6753:Harle, 39-42 6749: 6735:State Emblem 6730: 6725:Harle, 22-26 6721: 6716:Harle, 22-28 6712: 6701:. Retrieved 6681: 6656:. Retrieved 6636: 6629: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6577: 6573: 6559:Harle, 19-20 6555: 6550:Harle, 15-19 6546: 6537: 6528: 6516:. Retrieved 6501: 6490:. Retrieved 6470: 6463: 6452:. Retrieved 6432: 6425: 6414:. Retrieved 6398: 6392: 6381:. Retrieved 6361: 6354: 6343:. Retrieved 6323: 6316: 6305:. Retrieved 6283:(1): 89–97. 6280: 6276: 6266: 6254:. Retrieved 6234: 6227: 6216:. Retrieved 6206: 6199: 6013:Art movement 5980:Graphic arts 5970:Architecture 5845:Cook Islands 5831: 5830: 5802: 5801: 5768: 5767: 5683: 5682: 5616: 5615: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5549: 5548: 5541: 5540: 5501:Mesopotamian 5494: 5457:Contemporary 5197:State Emblem 5020:Architecture 5014: 4773:Patna Museum 4606:Major cities 4595:Architecture 4590: 4589: 4584: 4558: 4552: 4548: 4540: 4534: 4526:postcolonial 4512:The idea of 4511: 4480:Santiniketan 4452:Baroda Group 4449: 4434: 4404: 4385: 4373: 4341:Shore Temple 4337: 4333:Vijayanagara 4315:Periods and 4302: 4266:Mamallapuram 4215: 4200:carved tusks 4181: 4156: 4100: 4078: 4070: 4018: 3991: 3983:Sittanavasal 3970:Ajanta Caves 3967: 3939:rock-cut art 3935: 3932:, c. 450-500 3930:Ajanta Caves 3859:Ellora Caves 3855:Gupta Empire 3843: 3808: 3788: 3763:Mohenjo-daro 3756: 3739:Chola bronze 3633: 3613:Subodh Gupta 3606: 3590:John Wilkins 3530: 3390: 3379: 3363:pan-Asianist 3360: 3346: 3320: 3299: 3277:Tipu's Tiger 3184: 3153:Portrait of 3063:sal ammoniac 3056: 3034:centered at 3025: 3006: 2920: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2884:Abu al-Hasan 2869: 2788: 2784: 2758:Pahari style 2735: 2729: 2721:Abd al-Samad 2698: 2599:, depicting 2562: 2547: 2523: 2467:Mamallapuram 2463:Shore Temple 2460: 2414:Mamallapuram 2410:Shore Temple 2338: 2299: 2237: 2217: 2199: 2168: 2146: 2141: 2137:Ajanta Caves 2134: 2097: 2054:tribes, the 2045: 2019: 2011: 1995: 1976:Ajanta Caves 1961: 1946: 1938: 1919: 1896:Central Asia 1894:spread from 1868: 1864:bodhisattvas 1845: 1839: 1834: 1824: 1810: 1765: 1746: 1738: 1731: 1713: 1678: 1655: 1633:The emperor 1632: 1617: 1613:Patna Museum 1552: 1527:Vedic period 1520: 1517:Vedic period 1495:Vedic period 1489: 1485:Mohenjo-Daro 1480:Dancing Girl 1478: 1475: 1423: 1400: 1389:Mohenjo-daro 1384:Dancing Girl 1383: 1347: 1326: 1293: 1239:Central Asia 1220: 1208: 1181: 1141:textile arts 1124: 1123: 988:Architecture 950:Indo-Islamic 900:Indus Valley 841: 766:Art movement 733:Graphic arts 723:Architecture 598:Cook Islands 584: 583: 555: 554: 521: 520: 436: 435: 369: 368: 353: 344: 343: 302: 301: 294: 293: 254:Mesopotamian 247: 210:Contemporary 26: 9239:recognition 9157:Philippines 9102:South Korea 9097:North Korea 8987:Afghanistan 8931:Asia portal 8832:States with 8752:Philippines 8692:South Korea 8687:North Korea 8582:Afghanistan 7902:Wondermondo 7625:13 February 7533:13 November 7453:22 November 7424:22 November 7315:Xinru Liu, 7240:Hari smriti 7223:December 3, 7162:Art History 6973:Fig. 85 in 6256:13 February 6146:Mauryan art 6008:Art history 5985:Digital art 5975:Photography 5965:Calligraphy 5748:Anglo-Saxon 5728:Hellenistic 5673:Singaporean 5435:Art Nouveau 5395:Romanticism 5363:Renaissance 5331:Prehistoric 5137:Video games 5130:Traditional 4768:Bhubaneswar 4731:, Hyderabad 4669:, Hyderabad 4545:Tani Barlow 4537:Paul Gilroy 4392:Nakashi art 4307:period and 4274:iconography 4196:Afghanistan 4127:British raj 4123:watercolour 4121:, a hybrid 3880:south India 3823:Afghanistan 3677:Boating by 3636:Geeta Kapur 3594:Manjit Bawa 3562:Manishi Dey 3545:M.F. Husain 3537:S. K. Bakre 3448:Bharat Mata 3431:. In 1944, 3417:Avant-garde 3332: 1910 3254: 1764 3250: 1760 3204:British Raj 3155:Abu'l Hasan 2899:Mahabharata 2880:Manohar Das 2856:Jama Masjid 2812:presenting 2742:Abu'l-Fazal 2619:West Bengal 2601:Raas-Leela. 2554:West Bengal 2503:Hindu kings 2479:rock relief 2434:Sittanvasal 2345:triumvirate 2181:during the 2148:tirthankara 2114:Gupta art ( 2108:Han Dynasty 1972:Karla Caves 1933:Karla Caves 1884:Afghanistan 1805:Mathura art 1795:Mathura art 1749:Hellenistic 1609:Hellenistic 1591:Mauryan art 1525:during the 1299:rock relief 1216:grave goods 1184:prehistoric 1177:Afghanistan 761:Art history 738:Digital art 728:Photography 718:Calligraphy 501:Anglo-Saxon 481:Hellenistic 426:Singaporean 188:Art Nouveau 148:Romanticism 116:Renaissance 84:Prehistoric 9343:Indian art 9322:Categories 9217:Uzbekistan 9192:Tajikistan 9112:Kyrgyzstan 9092:Kazakhstan 9007:Bangladesh 8997:Azerbaijan 8812:Uzbekistan 8787:Tajikistan 8702:Kyrgyzstan 8682:Kazakhstan 8602:Bangladesh 8592:Azerbaijan 8395:Indian Art 8361:0300062176 8346:References 8335:2014-11-17 8310:2014-11-17 8086:dhokra art 8072:2006-12-21 7925:Harle, 355 7912:2010-06-04 7883:2006-12-20 7858:2006-10-17 7794:Harle, 124 7733:2012-11-24 7708:2012-11-24 7683:2014-11-23 7572:2016-02-13 7398:2016-02-13 7302:8176464929 7277:8175741023 7249:8174790756 7105:2019-11-04 7067:2019-11-29 7028:2019-11-29 6999:2019-11-29 6926:2019-11-29 6837:2019-11-29 6788:2019-11-29 6703:2020-09-06 6658:2020-09-06 6518:7 November 6492:2019-08-25 6454:2019-08-25 6416:2019-08-25 6383:2019-08-25 6345:2019-08-25 6307:2019-09-06 6218:2016-02-13 6151:Kushan art 6114:Rasa (art) 6045:Naturalist 6025:Figurative 5944:Techniques 5912:Manichaean 5890:Protestant 5840:Australian 5636:Vietnamese 5626:Indonesian 5531:Phoenician 5477:Minimalism 5462:Postmodern 5425:Decorative 5390:Revivalism 5351:Romanesque 5207:Miss India 5113:Television 5103:Newspapers 5050:Literature 4810:Vijayawada 4721:See also: 4579:under the 4299:in 79 CE). 4262:Aurangabad 4206:Temple art 4036:Ettumanoor 4006:Tamil Nadu 3943:Mesolithic 3751:Tamil Nadu 3679:Jamini Roy 3574:Tyeb Mehta 3541:H. A. Gade 3510:Fresco by 3423:and later 3421:Jamini Roy 3301:Shakuntala 3260:, perhaps 3252: – c. 3170:Chand Bibi 3128:Gol Gumbaz 3087:Char Minar 3044:Ahmadnagar 2976:Shah Jahan 2938:painting. 2908:Shah Jahan 2876:Bishan Das 2810:Abu'l-Fazl 2756:) and the 2689:Mughal art 2680: – c. 2653:Balabhadra 2321: – c. 2292: – c. 2121: – c. 2110:of China. 2042:Kushan art 1882:in modern 1789:See also: 1781: – c. 1759:of nearby 1735:Mudgarpani 1727:Mudgarpani 1723:Manibhadra 1697:Mudgarpani 1681:terracotta 1581: – c. 1562:, such as 1419:terracotta 1411:terracotta 1369: – c. 1352:iron oxide 1161:Bangladesh 1145:woven silk 1125:Indian art 967:Techniques 910:Indo-Greek 798:Naturalist 778:Figurative 697:Techniques 665:Manichaean 643:Protestant 593:Australian 389:Vietnamese 379:Indonesian 284:Phoenician 230:Minimalism 215:Postmodern 178:Decorative 143:Revivalism 104:Romanesque 32:Indian art 18:Indian Art 9302:Hong Kong 9257:Palestine 9182:Sri Lanka 9177:Singapore 9062:Indonesia 8973:Asian art 8898:Hong Kong 8852:Palestine 8777:Sri Lanka 8772:Singapore 8652:Indonesia 8023:473566974 7991:Harle, 59 7837:. p. 479. 7825:, p. 186. 7646:The Hindu 6613:0012-8376 6297:162764849 6141:Gupta art 6040:Narrative 5950:Sculpture 5880:Christian 5868:Religions 5743:Byzantine 5656:Cambodian 5651:Malaysian 5606:Bhutanese 5564:Hong Kong 5420:Symbolism 5368:Mannerism 5217:Monuments 5147:Mythology 5070:Sculpture 5045:Festivals 5040:Education 4987:Languages 4920:Mangalore 4866:, Kolkata 4782:Kozhikode 4759:Ernakulam 4697:Hyderabad 4663:, Kolkata 4530:modernism 4396:Telangana 4381:piercings 4309:Amaravati 4258:Elephanta 4218:Harappans 4168:gemstones 4141:Jewellery 4002:Thanjavur 3955:sandstone 3831:Gandharan 3813:, in the 3724:Sculpture 3709:Mural by 3629:GR Iranna 3570:Ram Kumar 3549:S.H. 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4103:muraqqas 3888:Nataraja 3872:lost wax 3827:Pakistan 3819:Gandhara 3784:Daimabad 3775:Nataraja 3771:Pakistan 3747:Nataraja 3281:automata 3040:Golconda 3017:gopurams 2893:Razmnama 2872:Jahangir 2657:Subhadra 2471:Pallavas 2454:Nataraja 2436:, 850 CE 2368:Hinduism 2160:Gandhara 2085:ushnisha 2068:Kanishka 2060:Gandhara 1888:Pakistan 1880:Gandhara 1639:Buddhism 1564:Buddhism 1430:steatite 1356:hematite 1310:in India 1295:Rock art 1254:Rock Art 1192:Buddhism 1188:Hinduism 1157:Pakistan 1143:such as 1129:painting 1063:See also 1026:Gandhara 998:Painting 882:Buddhist 783:Funerary 756:Abstract 708:Painting 638:Catholic 628:Buddhist 603:Hawaiian 506:Ottonian 471:Scythian 456:Etruscan 451:Cycladic 431:Bruneian 384:Filipino 329:Japanese 259:Egyptian 94:Medieval 57:Varanasi 9222:Vietnam 9122:Lebanon 9052:Georgia 9002:Bahrain 8992:Armenia 8817:Vietnam 8732:Myanmar 8712:Lebanon 8642:Georgia 8597:Bahrain 8587:Armenia 8204:2 March 8171:2 March 7657:Nov 23, 7490:3249873 6887:15 July 5960:Pottery 5902:Islamic 5733:Iberian 5646:Myanmar 5586:Tibetan 5559:Chinese 5536:Ottoman 5521:Arabian 5516:Persian 5511:Hittite 5491:Regions 5440:Fauvism 5400:Realism 5375:Baroque 5336:Ancient 5250:Museums 5245:Tourism 5186:Symbols 5142:Fashion 5093:Cuisine 5075:Theatre 4982:History 4972:Indians 4966:Society 4943:Culture 4801:Kolkata 4711:Chennai 4643:Kolkata 4427:colors. 4388:puranic 4377:tattoos 4353:granite 4329:Hoysala 4321:Pallava 4293:Pompeii 4270:Mughals 4222:Mauryas 4040:Aymanam 4014:saivism 3959:grottos 3908:Lakshmi 3900:museums 3896:Pallava 3850:Mathura 3839:Persian 3767:Harappa 3135:Bijapur 3036:Bijapur 3021:plaster 2833:Krishna 2511:Jainism 2505:of the 2386:(Early 2239:Krishna 2156:Sarnath 2153:Mathura 2064:Mathura 2007:chaitya 1999:mandala 1847:viharas 1841:chaitya 1836:Mathura 1829:toranas 1825:in situ 1817:Bharhut 1761:Bactria 1715:Yakshas 1605:Persian 1568:Jainism 1447:⁄ 1437:⁄ 1200:Sikhism 1196:Jainism 1137:pottery 1036:Bharhut 1021:Mathura 940:Pallava 935:Pandyan 905:Mauryan 894:Periods 713:Pottery 655:Islamic 486:Iberian 399:Myanmar 339:Tibetan 312:Chinese 289:Ottoman 274:Arabian 269:Persian 264:Hittite 244:Regions 193:Fauvism 153:Realism 128:Baroque 89:Ancient 59:, India 55:, near 46:Sarnath 9267:Taiwan 9202:Turkey 9167:Russia 9107:Kuwait 9087:Jordan 9077:Israel 9037:Cyprus 9017:Brunei 9012:Bhutan 8862:Taiwan 8797:Turkey 8762:Russia 8697:Kuwait 8677:Jordan 8667:Israel 8627:Cyprus 8612:Brunei 8607:Bhutan 8520: 8482: 8458: 8437: 8402: 8375: 8359: 8044: 8021: 8011: 7982:. p15. 7978: 7823:et al. 7611: 7558: 7488: 7384: 7358: 7299: 7274: 7246: 7219:. 2003 7168: 7091: 7053: 6985: 6957: 6912: 6859: 6823: 6774: 6689: 6644: 6619: 6611: 6584: 6478: 6440: 6369: 6331: 6295: 6242: 5922:Taoist 5855:Papuan 5821:Muisca 5782:Yoruba 5758:Viking 5713:Celtic 5708:Dacian 5693:Minoan 5601:Indian 5581:Korean 5569:Taiwan 5450:Cubism 5410:Modern 5380:Rococo 5356:Gothic 5202:Anthem 5162:Meitei 5120:Sports 5087:Others 5055:Poetry 5030:Comics 5025:Cinema 4937:on the 4911:Rajkot 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