635:
either under the ICSID Convention, Regulations and Rules or the ICSID Additional
Facility Rules. To be processed in accordance with the ICSID Convention, a legal dispute has to exist between one of the centre's contracting member states and a national of another contracting member state. It must also be of a legal nature and relate directly to an investment. A case can be processed under the ICSID Additional Facility Rules if one of the parties to the dispute is either not a contracting member state or a national of a contracting member state. However, most cases are arbitrated under the ICSID Convention. Recourse to ICSID conciliation and arbitration is entirely voluntary. However, once the parties have consented to arbitration under the ICSID Convention, neither party can unilaterally withdraw its consent.
101:
460:, although the president may not vote. ICSID's normal operations are carried out by its secretariat, which comprises 40 employees and is led by the secretary-general of ICSID. The secretariat provides support to the Administrative Council in conducting the centre's proceedings. It also manages the centre's Panel of Conciliators and Panel of Arbitrators. Each contracting member state may appoint four persons to each panel. In addition to serving as the centre's principal, the secretary-general is responsible for legally representing ICSID and serving as the registrar of its proceedings. As of 2012, Meg Kinnear serves as the centre's secretary-general.
546:
568:
469:
3064:
2213:
2203:
2194:
557:
601:
2275:
579:
535:
27:
3075:
590:
287:
on a process for resolving individual investment disputes on a case-by-case basis as opposed to imposing outcomes based on standards. Broches held conferences to consult legal experts from all parts of the world, including Europe, Africa, and Asia, to discuss and compose a preliminary agreement. The
682:
Although ICSID's proceedings generally take place in
Washington, D.C., parties may agree that proceedings be held at one of a number of possible alternative locations, including the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the Regional Arbitration Centres of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee in
634:
ICSID does not conduct arbitration or conciliation proceedings itself, but offers institutional and procedural support to conciliation commissions, tribunals, and other committees which conduct such matters. The centre has two sets of rules that determine how cases will be initiated and conducted,
358:
for alleged breaches to the
Uruguay-Swiss BIT for requiring cigarette packs to display graphic health warnings and sued Australia under the Australia-Hong Kong BITS for requiring plain packaging for its cigarettes. The company claimed that the packaging requirements in both countries violate its
387:
As of 30 June 2012, ICSID has registered 390 disputes. ICSID's caseload consisted of 88% convention arbitration cases, 2% convention conciliation cases, as well as 9% additional facility arbitration cases, and 1% additional facility conciliation cases. ICSID's registered cases were distributed
435:
As of 27 July 2012, 246 of 390 registered arbitration cases were concluded, as of 30 June 2012, ICSID tribunals had resolved nearly two thirds (62%) of disputes while the remainder (38%) were settled or discontinued. As of 14 May 2016, 362 of 574 (62%) registered
335:
and half of the costs of the tribunal, making its total penalty around $ 2.4 billion. The South
American country annulled a contract with the oil firm on the grounds that it violated a clause that the company would not sell its rights to another firm without permission. The tribunal agreed the
455:
ICSID is governed by its
Administrative Council which meets annually and elects the centre's secretary-general and deputy secretary-general, approves rules and regulations, conducts the centre's case proceedings, and approves the centre's budget and annual report. The council consists of one
443:
As of 2012 only two governments, Gabon and
Romania, had ever filed an ICSID case against an investor. States appearing most often as a respondent were in descending order: Argentina 49, Venezuela 36, Egypt 17, Ecuador 12, Congo 12, Peru 11 and Ukraine 10 times. Between 2009 and 2012, legal
1457:
439:
Conciliation commission reports were issued for 67% of the conciliation proceedings, while 33% of proceedings were discontinued. In 75% of the conciliation reports, parties failed to reach an agreement, and only 25% recorded agreement among parties.
295:, and the Bank president disseminated the convention to its member states for signature on 18 March 1965. Twenty states immediately ratified the convention. The convention established the ICSID would become officially active on 14 October 1966.
1538:
519:
withdrew from the ICSID Convention in 2009 but rejoined in 2021. All ICSID contracting member states, whether or not they are parties to a given dispute, are required by the ICSID Convention to recognize and enforce ICSID arbitral awards.
897:
319:
after the local government revoked the concession rights held by a local company in which the firm had invested. The government is countering the
Churchill case, claiming that Churchill did not have the correct type of mining licences.
351:(VAT) was placed on goods and services the firm purchased for its operations in the country. The Ugandan government responded that the company had no right to claim tax on such goods prior to commencement of drilling.
699:, the Australian Commercial Disputes Centre in Sydney, the Singapore International Arbitration Centre, the Gulf Cooperation Council Commercial Arbitration Centre in Bahrain, the German Institution of Arbitration, the
1461:
1403:
1376:
303:
Since its founding, more than 1,000 cases have been brought to ICSID, all but 14 of which were arbitration cases. The remainder were conciliation cases. As of 2024, more than 700 cases have been concluded.
1857:
1852:
1484:
638:
The ICSID Secretariat may also administer dispute resolution proceedings under other treaties and regularly assists tribunals or disputing parties in arbitrations among investors and states under the
1276:
Frauke
Nitschke, 'The ICSID Conciliation Rules in Practice', in Catharine Titi and Katia Fach GĂłmez (eds) Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes (Oxford University Press 2019)
642:(UNCITRAL)'s arbitration regulations. The centre provides administrative and technical support for a number of international dispute resolution proceedings through alternative facilities such as the
1043:
1542:
901:
867:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
384:(BITs) proliferated during the first decade of the 21st century, reaching more than 2,500 by 2007. Many such treaties contain text that refers present and future investment disputes to ICSID.
1024:
1511:
1228:
3125:
1316:
1277:
288:
IBRD staff wrote an official draft of the agreement and consulted with legal representatives of the IBRD's board of directors to finalize the draft and have it approved.
259:) had made several attempts to create a framework to protect international investments, but its efforts revealed conflicting views on how to provide compensation for the
1170:
236:. It is an autonomous, multilateral specialized institution to encourage international flow of investment and mitigate non-commercial risks by a treaty drafted by the
828:
1407:
1380:
1949:
1565:
1488:
256:
1667:
1590:
280:
237:
1051:
639:
954:
60:
1125:
871:
1202:
174:
373:
In July 2024, the
International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes ordered Morocco to pay $ 150 million to Corral Petroleum Holdings.
1343:
1429:
Goldman, Michael (2007). "How "Water for All!" policy became hegemonic: The power of the World Bank and its transnational policy networks".
1099:
1515:
1278:
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/mediation-in-international-commercial-and-investment-disputes-9780198827955?cc=fr&lang=en&
1847:
3120:
1994:
1073:
704:
1232:
3115:
655:
52:
1682:
1320:
240:'s executive directors and signed by member countries. As of May 2016, 153 contracting member states agreed to enforce and uphold
2248:
729:
in relation to rights presumed by
Tethyan Copper Company amounted to a "flawed and corrupt investment arbitration process". The
2268:
1672:
932:
1177:
2611:
1642:
797:
749:. Nevertheless, others have suggested this amount is a fair reflection of the fact that a potentially extraordinary asset (
507:. Of these member states, 154 are "contracting member states", that is they have ratified the contract. Former members are
2616:
2217:
37:
3110:
3105:
2957:
2857:
2089:
825:
2710:
2601:
2462:
1697:
1677:
792:
659:
78:
716:
1615:
100:
2703:
2119:
46:
2124:
1884:
643:
425:
961:
528:
The following member states have signed the ICSID convention (date in parentheses), but have not ratified it.
2638:
2164:
2134:
2009:
1939:
1919:
421:
1206:
2339:
2129:
2114:
2064:
1989:
1969:
1894:
1889:
500:
2757:
2329:
2304:
2241:
2174:
2139:
2079:
2049:
2034:
2029:
1979:
1959:
1954:
1934:
1914:
1904:
782:
767:
381:
1255:
336:
violation took place but judged that the annulment was not fair and equitable treatment to the company.
2782:
2631:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2104:
2069:
2059:
2054:
2024:
1999:
1944:
1899:
132:
3100:
2477:
2440:
2207:
2149:
2144:
2109:
2099:
2094:
2074:
2044:
1964:
1909:
444:
representation cost between US$ 1 and 7.6 million. The approximate duration of a case was 3.6 years.
264:
213:
142:
2698:
2376:
2319:
2278:
2014:
2004:
1984:
1974:
1929:
1924:
1705:
1635:
1344:"Ecuador Re-Ratifies The ICSID Convention: Impact Of The Ratification In Ecuador And In The Region"
742:
355:
56:
3002:
2554:
2398:
2346:
2084:
2039:
2019:
401:
363:
42:
733:
had voided a transaction entered into by Balochistan Development Authority finding in favour of
721:
ICSID has sometimes been the target of criticism about grossly inequitable judgements. Notably,
293:
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States
3067:
2942:
2584:
2574:
2457:
2393:
2324:
2309:
2234:
1740:
730:
457:
370:
sought compensation from the German government for the premature shut-down of nuclear plants.
2882:
2720:
2452:
2381:
1141:"Le CIRDI en ligne de mire : la Bolivie, le Venezuela et le Nicaragua claquent la porte"
772:
405:
3007:
2912:
2725:
2693:
2683:
2668:
2569:
2564:
2507:
1765:
1715:
1140:
413:
324:
1401:
1374:
1168:
952:
8:
2544:
2534:
2529:
2512:
2403:
2386:
2299:
2197:
1628:
1205:. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. 14 May 2016. Archived from
832:
456:
representative from each of the centre's contracting member states and is chaired by the
447:
As of 2019, ICSID's caseload included 2% conciliation cases. The rest were arbitrations.
284:
2787:
707:, and the Centre for Arbitration and Conciliation at the Chamber of Commerce of Bogota.
2852:
2678:
2626:
2589:
2334:
1720:
504:
409:
217:
1536:
1509:
1482:
1455:
1126:"PÉTROLE & GAZ MAROC Dans l'affaire Samir, victoire amère de Corral face au Maroc"
895:
865:
3040:
2907:
2792:
2673:
2579:
2445:
2351:
928:
332:
255:
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (now the
2947:
2927:
2842:
2767:
2596:
2467:
2366:
1745:
1730:
1659:
1442:
1438:
700:
429:
316:
229:
225:
186:
1289:
986:
3079:
3030:
2962:
2937:
2902:
2817:
2688:
2606:
2524:
2433:
2361:
2314:
1755:
1725:
1591:"Why Antofagasta might not get all of the $ 5.8bn Pakistan damages windfall cash"
734:
397:
348:
673:. Since April 1986, the centre has published a semi-annual law journal entitled
499:
ICSID's 163 member states which have signed the centre's convention include 162
2932:
2797:
2772:
2643:
2489:
2428:
2283:
1750:
1735:
1710:
1100:"Klage gegen Atomausstieg: EU unterstĂĽtzt Deutschland im Streit mit Vattenfall"
777:
417:
241:
224:
between international investors and States. ICSID is part of and funded by the
3094:
3045:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2967:
2877:
2847:
2807:
2715:
2482:
2356:
2257:
1771:
846:"World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability"
802:
750:
722:
260:
233:
323:
In October 2012, an ICSID tribunal awarded a judgement of $ 1.8 billion for
247:
The centre performs advisory activities and maintains several publications.
3025:
2952:
2922:
2867:
2777:
2549:
1760:
787:
688:
675:
623:
276:
221:
3035:
2917:
2872:
2862:
2812:
2802:
2752:
2559:
762:
651:
389:
291:
The board of directors approved the final draft of the agreement, titled
1449:
2977:
2972:
2837:
2762:
2621:
2539:
2519:
1776:
1651:
626:
are countries with large economies that have never been ICSID members.
367:
340:
922:
468:
2648:
2472:
2371:
1530:
891:
889:
696:
647:
512:
308:
845:
695:, the Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration in
26:
16:
International arbitration institution affiliated with the World Bank
1402:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (2010).
1375:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (2011).
1169:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (2012).
953:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (2006).
726:
669:
ICSID also conducts advisory activities and research and publishes
1566:"How World Bank Arbitrators Mugged Pakistan | by Jeffrey D. Sachs"
1221:
886:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
927:. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. p. 468.
516:
508:
328:
2226:
3074:
746:
615:
393:
344:
312:
196:
1610:
1155:
331:. Additionally, Ecuador had to pay $ 589 million in backdated
1620:
753:) had effectively been seized seemingly without good reason.
738:
692:
684:
663:
619:
1537:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
1510:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
1483:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
1456:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
1296:. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
896:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
866:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
1370:
1368:
1688:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
206:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
1503:
1395:
1365:
1476:
960:(Report). World Bank Group. p. 128. Archived from
948:
946:
944:
671:
Investment Laws of the World and of Investment Treaties
257:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3126:
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
1668:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
821:
819:
817:
725:
suggested that the US$ 5.9 billion judgement against
281:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
238:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
941:
640:
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
923:Reed, Lucy; Paulsson, Jan; Blackaby, Nigel (2010).
861:
859:
814:
1314:
3092:
1428:
476: Contracting States to the ICSID Convention
400:and other energy (13%), other industries (12%),
162:163 countries (signatory and contracting states)
41:, potentially preventing the article from being
916:
856:
1253:
1171:The ICSID Caseload – Statistics (Issue 2012-2)
1138:
835:Web Archives. ICSID. Retrieved on 5 June 2016.
523:
482: Signatory States to the ICSID Convention
2242:
1636:
1512:"ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal"
1132:
1041:
376:
1422:
1025:"The emerging crisis of investment treaties"
717:Bilateral investment treaty § Criticism
676:ICSID Review: Foreign Investment Law Journal
1308:
1074:"Why Vattenfall is taking Germany to court"
1044:"Tullow Sues Government in New Tax Dispute"
1022:
347:government to court in November 2012 after
2249:
2235:
1643:
1629:
1406:(Report). World Bank Group. Archived from
1379:(Report). World Bank Group. Archived from
1317:"Venezuela denounces the ICSID Convention"
1176:(Report). World Bank Group. Archived from
705:Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre
216:institution established in 1966 for legal
61:reliable, independent, third-party sources
656:London Court of International Arbitration
244:in accordance with the ICSID Convention.
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
1683:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
467:
420:, sanitation, and food protection (6%),
55:by replacing them with more appropriate
955:ICSID Convention, Regulations and Rules
925:Guide to ICSID Arbitration, 2nd Edition
164:154 countries (contracting states only)
38:too closely associated with the subject
3093:
1564:Sachs, Jeffrey D. (26 November 2019).
1247:
488: Former members states, withdrawn
311:government was sued in June 2012 by a
2230:
1874:
1673:International Development Association
1624:
1563:
1458:"ICSID Dispute Settlement Facilities"
1341:
2612:New international division of labour
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
798:Multilateral Agreement on Investment
20:
898:"Organizational Structure of ICSID"
366:in Germany, Swedish Energy company
298:
13:
1541:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1514:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1487:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1460:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1315:Eljuri, Elisabeth (January 2012).
1254:Inna Uchkunova (25 October 2012).
1231:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1042:Tabu Butagira (17 December 2012).
900:. World Bank Group. Archived from
870:. World Bank Group. Archived from
436:arbitration cases were concluded.
422:agriculture, fishing, and forestry
14:
3137:
3121:Organizations established in 1966
2256:
1678:International Finance Corporation
1604:
1035:
1005:
793:Investor-state dispute settlement
660:International Chamber of Commerce
458:President of the World Bank Group
416:and communication industry (6%),
283:(IBRD), developed the idea for a
94:Settlement of Investment Disputes
3116:United Nations Development Group
3073:
3063:
3062:
2273:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2192:
1950:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1023:Martin Khor (21 November 2012).
599:
588:
577:
566:
555:
544:
533:
133:International treaty institution
99:
36:may rely excessively on sources
25:
2274:
1583:
1557:
1335:
1282:
1270:
1195:
1139:Weisbrot, Mark (10 July 2007).
1118:
1092:
1066:
826:Database of ICSID Member States
152:Washington, D.C., United States
1875:
1650:
1443:10.1016/j.geoforum.2005.10.008
979:
838:
644:Permanent Court of Arbitration
610:
279:, then-General Counsel of the
1:
1319:. Norton Rose. Archived from
808:
629:
463:
450:
382:Bilateral investment treaties
1539:"Institutional Arrangements"
1353:. Cleary Gottlieb (law firm)
710:
501:United Nations member states
7:
2330:Environmental globalization
2305:Anti-globalization movement
783:Cochabamba protests of 2000
768:Bilateral investment treaty
756:
524:Non-contracting signatories
270:
10:
3142:
2478:Offshore financial centres
714:
515:, which withdrew in 2012.
377:Performance since creation
356:Philip Morris sued Uruguay
327:against the government of
250:
3111:Foreign direct investment
3106:Arbitration organizations
3058:
3016:
2891:
2826:
2743:
2734:
2661:
2498:
2419:
2412:
2292:
2264:
2190:
1881:
1870:
1866:
1785:
1696:
1658:
1258:. Kluwer Arbitration Blog
1229:"List of Concluded Cases"
551:Dominican Republic (2000)
265:foreign direct investment
214:international arbitration
192:
180:
168:
156:
148:
143:International arbitration
138:
128:
110:
98:
2320:Democratic globalization
1404:ICSID 2010 Annual Report
1377:ICSID 2011 Annual Report
1050:. Uganda. Archived from
743:Barrick Gold Corporation
92:International Centre for
2602:Investor-state disputes
2555:Illicit financial flows
2399:Political globalization
2347:Global financial system
1290:"Member States ¦ ICSID"
494: Non Member States
402:transportation industry
364:Nuclear power phase-out
2943:Christopher Chase-Dunn
2711:Primitive accumulation
2394:Military globalization
2325:Economic globalization
2310:Cultural globalization
1741:Lewis Thompson Preston
1256:"ICSID: Curious Facts"
831:7 January 2015 at the
731:Pakistan Supreme Court
496:
315:-based mining company
285:multilateral agreement
116:; 57 years ago
1078:Vattenfall AB website
987:"ICSID case database"
773:Bolivian gas conflict
471:
406:construction industry
3008:Immanuel Wallerstein
2669:Capital accumulation
2535:Endangered languages
1766:Kristalina Georgieva
1716:Eugene R. Black, Sr.
1485:"ICSID Publications"
573:Guinea-Bissau (1991)
414:information industry
325:Occidental Petroleum
114:14 October 1966
3080:Business portal
2639:Transnational crime
2545:Forced displacement
2530:Economic inequality
2404:Trade globalization
2300:Alter-globalization
2198:Category World Bank
1294:icsid.worldbank.org
1209:on 31 December 2014
1029:Global Policy Forum
991:ICSID.worldbank.org
967:on 4 September 2012
833:Library of Congress
228:, headquartered in
197:icsid.worldbank.org
182:Parent organization
95:
2853:Andre Gunder Frank
2627:Race to the bottom
2617:North–South divide
2335:Global citizenship
1721:George David Woods
1410:on 16 October 2013
1383:on 15 October 2013
1143:(in French). RISAL
1054:on 2 November 2018
993:. World Bank Group
703:in Singapore, the
497:
426:services and trade
410:financial industry
362:In the context of
218:dispute resolution
91:
3088:
3087:
3054:
3053:
2913:K. Anthony Appiah
2908:Daniele Archibugi
2657:
2656:
2446:COVID-19 pandemic
2352:Global governance
2224:
2223:
2218:Country Relations
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
1570:Project Syndicate
1545:on 3 January 2015
1080:. 9 December 2014
934:978-9-04-113401-1
333:compound interest
202:
201:
170:Secretary-General
89:
88:
81:
3133:
3101:World Bank Group
3078:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3019:
2928:Jean Baudrillard
2896:
2843:Giovanni Arrighi
2831:
2788:Branko Milanović
2768:Jagdish Bhagwati
2746:
2741:
2740:
2632:pollution havens
2597:Invasive species
2501:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2367:Global workforce
2277:
2276:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2208:World Bank Group
2205:
2204:
2196:
2195:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1746:James Wolfensohn
1731:Alden W. Clausen
1660:World Bank Group
1645:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1616:ICSID Convention
1611:Official website
1599:
1598:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1518:on 14 March 2012
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1342:MacKinnon, Ari.
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1153:
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430:tourism industry
317:Churchill Mining
299:Disputes settled
230:Washington, D.C.
226:World Bank Group
187:World Bank Group
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84:
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3031:Thomas Friedman
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2963:Anthony Giddens
2938:Manuel Castells
2903:Arjun Appadurai
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2827:
2822:
2818:Joseph Stiglitz
2758:Richard Baldwin
2744:
2736:
2730:
2689:Fiscal localism
2653:
2607:McDonaldization
2525:Development aid
2499:
2494:
2463:Multilingualism
2458:Labor arbitrage
2434:Climate justice
2420:
2408:
2362:Global politics
2315:Deglobalization
2288:
2260:
2255:
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2178:
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1756:Robert Zoellick
1726:Robert McNamara
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1597:. 15 July 2019.
1595:Shares Magazine
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1235:on 11 June 2016
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606:Thailand (1985)
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562:Ethiopia (1965)
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339:Irish oil firm
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1736:Barber Conable
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1711:John J. McCloy
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1605:External links
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1437:(5): 786–800.
1421:
1394:
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1323:on 6 June 2012
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1183:on 30 May 2016
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34:This article
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3041:John R. Saul
3026:Noam Chomsky
3018:Non–academic
2958:Susan George
2953:Nancy Fraser
2923:Walden Bello
2868:David Harvey
2858:Stephen Gill
2778:Jayati Ghosh
2684:Earth system
2550:Human rights
2490:Water crisis
2387:early modern
2200:
2120:South Africa
1761:Jim Yong Kim
1706:Eugene Meyer
1687:
1594:
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788:Conciliation
720:
689:Kuala Lumpur
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624:South Africa
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359:investment.
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277:Aron Broches
274:
254:
246:
222:conciliation
209:
205:
203:
158:Membership
149:Headquarters
75:
69:January 2015
66:
51:Please help
35:
18:
3036:Naomi Klein
2918:Ulrich Beck
2893:Politics /
2883:Robert Wade
2873:Ronen Palan
2863:Peter Gowan
2813:Amartya Sen
2803:Dani Rodrik
2753:David Autor
2679:Development
2560:Imperialism
2508:Brain drain
2125:South Korea
2090:Philippines
1885:Afghanistan
1327:19 February
1104:Der Spiegel
763:Arbitration
652:Netherlands
611:Non members
398:electricity
3095:Categories
2978:Paul Hirst
2973:David Held
2838:Samir Amin
2828:Political
2763:Ravi Batra
2704:history of
2699:ecological
2674:Dependency
2622:Offshoring
2585:scientific
2575:linguistic
2540:Fair trade
2520:Care drain
2473:Tax havens
2468:Population
2377:History of
2165:Uzbekistan
2135:Tajikistan
2010:Kazakhstan
1940:Costa Rica
1920:Cape Verde
1876:by country
1777:Ajay Banga
1698:Presidents
1652:World Bank
1357:25 October
850:World Bank
809:References
715:See also:
666:, France.
658:, and the
630:Activities
464:Membership
451:Governance
428:(4%), and
368:Vattenfall
341:Tullow Oil
309:Indonesian
121:1966-10-14
105:ICSID logo
53:improve it
43:verifiable
3003:John Urry
2895:sociology
2745:Economics
2649:World war
2372:Globality
2340:education
2130:Sri Lanka
2115:Singapore
2065:Nicaragua
1990:Indonesia
1970:Guatemala
1895:Australia
1890:Argentina
1786:Elections
1262:3 January
711:Criticism
697:Melbourne
648:The Hague
513:Venezuela
343:took the
275:In 1961,
232:, in the
111:Formation
57:citations
3068:Category
2737:scholars
2662:Theories
2570:cultural
2565:academic
2269:Journals
2175:Zimbabwe
2140:Tanzania
2080:Paraguay
2050:Mongolia
2035:Maldives
2030:Malaysia
1980:Honduras
1960:Ethiopia
1955:Djibouti
1935:Colombia
1915:Cambodia
1905:Botswana
1768:(acting)
1431:Geoforum
1300:11 March
829:Archived
757:See also
727:Pakistan
691:, or in
390:oil, gas
271:Creation
212:) is an
2830:economy
2735:Notable
2513:reverse
2441:Disease
2382:archaic
2293:Aspects
2284:Studies
2279:Outline
2216:
2170:Vietnam
2160:Uruguay
2155:Ukraine
2105:Senegal
2070:Nigeria
2060:Myanmar
2055:Morocco
2025:Lebanon
2000:Jamaica
1995:Ireland
1945:Croatia
1900:Belarus
1575:14 June
1549:27 July
1522:27 July
1495:27 July
1468:27 July
1414:25 July
1387:25 July
1239:26 July
1203:"Cases"
1187:25 July
1147:27 July
997:5 March
971:25 July
908:25 July
878:25 July
517:Ecuador
509:Bolivia
404:(11%),
396:(25%),
388:across
345:Ugandan
329:Ecuador
251:History
193:Website
139:Purpose
119: (
47:neutral
2590:social
2421:Global
2413:Issues
2206:
2150:Uganda
2145:Turkey
2110:Serbia
2100:Russia
2095:Poland
2075:Panama
2045:Mexico
1965:France
1910:Brazil
1213:14 May
1110:14 May
1106:. 2014
1084:14 May
1058:15 May
931:
747:Canada
654:, the
616:Brazil
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505:Kosovo
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432:(4%).
424:(5%),
412:(7%),
408:(7%),
394:mining
313:London
2580:media
2500:Other
2015:Kenya
2005:Japan
1985:India
1975:Haiti
1930:China
1925:Chile
1347:(PDF)
1181:(PDF)
1174:(PDF)
965:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
739:Chile
693:Lagos
687:, in
685:Cairo
664:Paris
620:India
503:plus
210:ICSID
2085:Peru
2040:Mali
2020:Laos
1858:2019
1853:2017
1848:2012
1843:2007
1838:2005
1833:1995
1828:1991
1823:1986
1818:1981
1813:1968
1808:1963
1803:1949
1798:1947
1793:1946
1577:2023
1551:2012
1524:2012
1497:2012
1470:2012
1416:2012
1389:2012
1359:2021
1329:2012
1302:2024
1264:2015
1241:2012
1215:2016
1189:2012
1149:2012
1112:2016
1086:2016
1060:2016
999:2024
973:2012
929:ISBN
910:2012
880:2012
741:and
622:and
511:and
392:and
307:The
220:and
204:The
129:Type
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745:of
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