471:
however, not evident (see Figure). The smallest interstellar dust particles are filtered out of the solar system by electromagnetic forces, while the largest ones are too sparse to obtain good statistics from in situ spacecraft detectors. Discrimination between interstellar and interplanetary populations can be a challenge for intermediate (0.1â1 micrometer) sizes. These can vary widely in velocity and directionality. The identification of interstellar meteoroids, observed in the Earth's atmosphere as meteors, is highly challenging and requires high accuracy measurements and appropriate error examinations. Otherwise, measurement errors can transfer near-parabolic orbits over the parabolic limit and create an artificial population of hyperbolic particles, often interpreted as of interstellar origin. Large interstellar visitors like asteroids and comets were detected the first time in the solar system in 2017 (1I/'Oumuamua) and 2019 (2I/Borisov) and are expected to be detected more frequently with new telescopes, e.g. the Vera Rubin
Observatory. Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb have predicted that the
462:
27:
4135:
502:
382:
6710:
4129:
8070:
603:
8094:
8046:
8082:
518:
was initially named C/2017 U1 because it was assumed to be a comet, and was renamed to A/2017 U1 after no cometary activity was found on
October 25. After its interstellar nature was confirmed, it was renamed to 1I/Ê»Oumuamua â "1" because it is the first such object to be discovered, "I" for interstellar, and "'Oumuamua" is a Hawaiian word meaning "a messenger from afar arriving first".
719:(aka Interstellar meteor 2; IM2), a meteor with a mass of roughly 6.3 tons, burned up in the Earth's atmosphere on March 9, 2017. Similar to IM1, it has a high mechanical strength. In September 2022, astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb reported the discovery of a candidate interstellar meteor, CNEOS 2017-03-09, that impacted Earth in 2017 and is considered, based in part on the high
8058:
6830:
2735:
de LeĂłn, J.; Licandro, J.; de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R.; Lara, L. M.; Moreno, F.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Serra-Ricart, M.; De PrĂĄ, M.; Tozzi, G. P.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Popescu, M.; Scarpa, R.; Font Serra, J.; Geier, S.; Lorenzi, V.; Harutyunyan, A.; Cabrera-Lavers, A. (30 April
357:
formation predict that more comets are ejected into interstellar space than are retained in the Oort cloud, with estimates varying from 3 to 100 times as many. Other simulations suggest that 90â99% of comets are ejected. There is no reason to believe comets formed in other star systems would not be
517:
telescope, at an apparent magnitude of 20. The observations showed that it follows a strongly hyperbolic trajectory around the Sun at a speed greater than the solar escape velocity, in turn meaning that it is not gravitationally bound to the Solar System and likely to be an interstellar object. It
470:
Interstellar visitors in the Solar System cover the whole range of sizes â from kilometer large objects down to submicron particles. Also, interstellar dust and meteoroids carry with them valuable information from their parent systems. Detection of these objects along the continuum of sizes is,
465:
Interstellar visitors in the Solar System cover the whole range of sizes â from kilometer large objects down to submicron particles. Also, interstellar dust and meteoroids carry with them valuable information from their parent systems. Detection of these objects along the continuum of sizes is,
366:
demonstrated that the Oort Cloud could have been formed from ejected planetesimals from other stars in the Sun's birth cluster. Both researchers proposed a search for ʻOumuamua-like objects which are trapped in the Solar System as a result of losing orbital energy through a close encounter with
1309:
The âOumuamua ISSI Team; Bannister, Michele T.; Bhandare, Asmita; DybczyĆski, Piotr A.; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, AurĂ©lie; Jedicke, Robert; Knight, Matthew M.; Meech, Karen J.; McNeill, Andrew; Pfalzner, Susanne; Raymond, Sean N.; Snodgrass, Colin; Trilling, David E.; Ye, Quanzhi
1366:
1175:"Spy Satellites Confirmed Our Discovery of the First Meteor from beyond the Solar System - A high-speed fireball that struck Earth in 2014 looked to be interstellar in origin, but verifying this extraordinary claim required extraordinary cooperation from secretive defense programs"
374:, initially gravitationally bound to the Sun, passed near Jupiter and was accelerated sufficiently to reach escape velocity from the Solar System. This changed its orbit from elliptical to hyperbolic and made it the most eccentric known object at the time, with an
702:
on the incoming velocity. The validity of any single data point (especially for smaller meteoroids) remains questionable. In
November 2022, a paper was published, claiming the anomalous properties (including its high strength and strongly hyperbolic trajectory) of
3813:
Hein, Andreas M.; Perakis, Nikolaos; Eubanks, T. Marshall; Hibberd, Adam; Crowl, Adam; Hayward, Kieran; Kennedy, Robert G. III; Osborne, Richard (7 January 2019). "Project Lyra: Sending a spacecraft to 1I/'Oumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the interstellar asteroid".
1990:
Mumma, M. J.; Disanti, M. A.; Russo, N. D.; Fomenkova, M.; Magee-Sauer, K.; Kaminski, C. D.; Xie, D. X. (1996). "Detection of
Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin".
1206:"Military Memo Deepens Possible Interstellar Meteor Mystery â The U.S. Space Command seemed to confirm a claim that a meteor from outside the solar system had entered Earth's atmosphere, but other scientists and NASA are still not convinced. (+ Comment)"
593:
comets. The IAU Working Group for Small Body
Nomenclature kept the name Borisov, giving the comet the interstellar designation of 2I/Borisov. On 12 March 2020, astronomers reported observational evidence of "ongoing nucleus fragmentation" from Borisov.
672:
suggested this meteor had been of interstellar origin. It had a heliocentric speed of 60 km/s (37 mi/s) and an asymptotic speed of 42.1 ± 5.5 km/s (26.2 ± 3.4 mi/s), and it exploded at 17:05:34 UTC near
3773:"We Need to Intercept Our Next Interstellar Visitor to See If It's Artificial, Astronomers Say in New Study - A new study games out a mission to intercept an interstellar object in space and get a close-up look to see just what its made of"
1025:"I had the pleasure of signing a memo with @ussfspoc's Chief Scientist, Dr. Mozer, to confirm that a previously-detected interstellar object was indeed an interstellar object, a confirmation that assisted the broader astronomical community"
3521:"Scientist's Deep Dive for Alien Life Leaves His Peers Dubious - Avi Loeb, a Harvard astrophysicist, says that material recovered from the seafloor could be from an extraterrestrial spacecraft. His peers are skeptical. + comment"
624:
In
November 2018, Harvard astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb reported that there should be hundreds of 'Oumuamua-size interstellar objects in the Solar System, based on calculated orbital characteristics, and presented several
1056:"Secret Government Info Confirms First Known Interstellar Object on Earth, Scientists Say â A small meteor that hit Earth in 2014 was from another star system, and may have left interstellar debris on the seafloor"
707:
are better described as measurement error rather than genuine parameters. Successful retrieval of any meteoroid fragments is highly unlikely. Common micrometeorites would be indistinguishable from one another.
141:
The interstellar objects were once bound to a host star and have become unbound since. Different processes can cause planets and smaller objects (planetesimals) to become unbound from their host star.
803:
to intercept and flyby for study. In case that no suitable comet is identified during its 3-year wait, the spacecraft could be tasked to intercept an interstellar object in short notice, if reachable.
3920:
Hein, A.M.; Perakis, N.; Long, K.F.; Crowl, A.; Eubanks, M.; Kennedy, R.G. III; Osborne, R. (2017). "Project Lyra: Sending a
Spacecraft to 1I/ʻOumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the Interstellar Asteroid".
7823:
7818:
7813:
5501:
370:
It is possible for objects orbiting a star to be ejected due to interaction with a third massive body, thereby becoming interstellar objects. Such a process was initiated in the early 1980s when
2686:
de LeĂłn, Julia; Licandro, Javier; Serra-Ricart, Miquel; Cabrera-Lavers, Antonio; Font Serra, Joan; Scarpa, Riccardo; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (19 September 2019).
643:. These are all orbiting the Sun, but may have been captured in the distant past. Both researchers have proposed methods for increasing the discovery rate of interstellar objects that include
7808:
446:
may be a former interstellar object, captured some 4.5 billion years ago, as evidenced by its co-orbital motion with
Jupiter and its retrograde orbit around the Sun. In addition, comet
1770:
746:. Several options for sending a spacecraft to ʻOumuamua within a time-frame of 5 to 25 years were suggested. One option is using first a Jupiter flyby followed by a close solar flyby at 3
138:
in 2022 based on the object's velocity relative to the Sun. In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.
3472:
Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham; Gallaudet, Tim (5 August 2022). "An Ocean
Expedition by the Galileo Project to Retrieve Fragments of the First Large Interstellar Meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08".
3444:
668:(also known as Interstellar meteor 1; IM1), a meteor with a mass of 0.46 tons and width of 0.45 m (1.5 ft), burned up in the Earth's atmosphere on January 8, 2014. A 2019
3772:
3530:
314:'s escape velocity had been observed was used to place upper limits to their density in interstellar space. A paper by Torbett indicated that the density was no more than 10 (10
6639:
5831:
1087:""It Opens A New Frontier Where You're Using The Earth As A Fishing Net For These Objects." â Harvard Astronomer Believes An Interstellar Meteor (or Craft) Hit Earth In 2014"
774:. Different mission durations and their velocity requirements were explored with respect to the launch date, assuming direct impulsive transfer to the intercept trajectory.
689:
completed an expedition to retrieve small fragments of the apparently peculiar meteor. Claims about their findings have been doubted by their peers according to a report in
2665:
6661:
5789:
3388:"An interstellar object exploded over Earth in 2014, declassified government data reveal â Classified data prevented scientists from verifying their discovery for 3 years"
458:âcan be exchanged across vast distances. The detection of Ê»Oumuamua crossing the inner Solar System confirms the possibility of a material link with exoplanetary systems.
194:
7803:
3687:
3557:
1794:
1174:
7965:
7830:
150:
With the first discovery of an interstellar object in the Solar System, the IAU has proposed a new series of small-body designations for interstellar objects, the
1055:
3418:
3582:; et al. (29 August 2023). "Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide".
158:
will assign the numbers. Provisional designations for interstellar objects will be handled using the C/ or A/ prefix (comet or asteroid), as appropriate.
7857:
2127:
824:
73:
to a star. This term can also be applied to an object that is on an interstellar trajectory but is temporarily passing close to a star, such as certain
6597:
5934:
2847:
Afanasiev, V. L.; Kalenichenko, V. V.; Karachentsev, I. D. (1 December 2007). "Detection of an intergalactic meteor particle with the 6-m telescope".
7642:
7637:
2742:
2445:
2071:
835:
2531:
1143:
127:
7798:
7261:
1884:"When a Harvard Professor Talks About Aliens â News about extraterrestrial life sounds better coming from an expert at a high-prestige institution"
4276:
3332:"Did a Meteor from Another Star Strike Earth in 2014? â Questionable data cloud the potential discovery of the first known interstellar fireball"
3191:
7565:
548:
of 1.199, which was the highest eccentricity ever observed for any object in the Solar System by a wide margin prior to the discovery of comet
3970:
2470:
1883:
525:
from ʻOumuamua suggests an origin from the inner regions of whatever stellar system it came from, losing all surface volatiles within the
7536:
7119:
6395:
4772:
3867:
Hibberd, Adam; Hein, Andreas M.; Eubanks, T. Marshall (2020). "Project Lyra: Catching 1I/'Oumuamua â Mission
Opportunities After 2024".
3207:"Confirmed! A 2014 meteor is Earth's 1st known interstellar visitor - Interstellar space rocks might be falling to Earth every 10 years"
4455:
7852:
7396:
6804:
1474:
7572:
3360:"The First Known Interstellar Meteor May Have Hit Earth in 2014 â The 3-foot-wide rock rock visited us three years before 'Oumuamua"
2549:
1933:"Where the Solar system meets the solar neighbourhood: patterns in the distribution of radiants of observed hyperbolic minor bodies"
613:
In 2007, Afanasiev et al. reported the likely detection of a multi-centimeter intergalactic meteor hitting the atmosphere above the
408:
of more than a few km/s, proving that it is not gravitationally bound to the Sun. In contrast, gravitationally bound objects follow
7835:
7672:
7401:
6617:
3625:
3553:
3520:
3331:
731:
With current space technology, close visits and orbital missions are challenging due to their high speeds, though not impossible.
537:
we know from the Solar System. This is only a suggestion, as ʻOumuamua might very well have lost all surface volatiles to eons of
450:
has a significant probability (72.6%) of having an extrasolar provenance although an origin in the Oort cloud cannot be excluded.
4208:
7519:
2666:"The Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) obtains the visible spectrum of C/2019 Q4 (Borisov), the first confirmed interstellar comet"
431:
is the only planet massive enough to capture one, and that this can be expected to occur once every sixty million years. Comets
8005:
7548:
1236:
482:
In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.
475:
will be capable of detecting an anisotropy in the distribution of interstellar objects due to the Sun's motion relative to the
4752:
3941:
1205:
7980:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7553:
2638:
447:
1802:
346:, predicts that "The steady-state population of similar, ~100 m scale interstellar objects inside the orbit of Neptune is ~1
7662:
7652:
6368:
5340:
4832:
4319:
865:
Valtonen, Mauri J.; Zheng, Jia-Qing; Mikkola, Seppo (March 1992). "Origin of oort cloud comets in the interstellar space".
7386:
2738:"Visible and near-infrared observations of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov with the 10.4-m GTC and the 3.6-m TNG telescopes"
1505:
7698:
7632:
6746:
6254:
5764:
5400:
1545:
735:
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3992:
Engelhardt, Toni; Jedicke, Robert; VereĆĄ, Peter; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Beshore, Ed; Meinke, Bonnie (2017).
396:
Due to present observational difficulties, an interstellar object can usually only be detected if it passes through the
134:, also known as the Manus Island fireball, as an interstellar object that impacted the Earth. This was confirmed by the
7990:
7840:
7647:
7524:
4266:
8023:
7657:
6656:
5848:
4927:
4350:
1618:
Jewitt, David; Luu, Jane; Rajagopal, Jayadev; Kotulla, Ralf; Ridgway, Susan; Liu, Wilson; Augusteijn, Thomas (2017).
614:
7718:
7708:
7196:
4066:
130:, indicating they did not originate in the Solar System. The discovery of ʻOumuamua inspired the identification of
315:
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7744:
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7506:
6809:
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6306:
5868:
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4602:
4261:
647:, optical signatures from impacts with the moon or the Earth's atmosphere, and radio flares from collisions with
461:
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6587:
6187:
5873:
5754:
5330:
5280:
4817:
4271:
2688:"Interstellar Visitors: A Physical Characterization of Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) with OSIRIS at the 10.4 m GTC"
2067:"Comet C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto): dislodged from the Oort Cloud or coming from interstellar space?"
1268:"Close Encounters of the Interstellar Kind: Exploring the Capture of Interstellar Objects in Near Earth Orbit"
8114:
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7622:
7577:
7456:
7446:
7441:
7426:
7421:
6666:
5794:
5574:
5559:
4882:
4198:
1579:"Capture of 20 km/s approach velocity interstellar comets by three-body interactions in the planetary system"
541:
exposure in interstellar space, developing a thick crust layer after it was expelled from its parent system.
283:
Astronomers estimate that several interstellar objects of extrasolar origin (like ʻOumuamua) pass inside the
7960:
7306:
7612:
7391:
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6476:
5883:
5729:
4912:
4702:
4692:
3359:
2825:
2274:
7266:
439:
are possible examples of such comets. They have atypical chemical makeups for comets in the Solar System.
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1020:
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135:
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5015:
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3445:"Harvard Professor Believes Alien Tech Could Have Crashed Into Pacific Ocean â And He Wants to Find It"
1678:
405:
26:
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that revealed that this object has a surface composition not too different from that found in typical
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7221:
7105:
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472:
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4782:
4677:
4652:
4520:
4365:
1771:"Was Our Sun A Twin? If So Then 'Planet 9' Could Be One Of Many Hidden Planets In Our Solar System"
812:
698:
Other astronomers doubt the interstellar origin because the meteoroid catalog used does not report
582:
299:
7491:
33:
comet, the second confirmed interstellar object, photographed in late-2019 beside a distant galaxy
8119:
8000:
7703:
7627:
7201:
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4942:
4852:
4837:
4762:
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at an altitude of 18.7 km (61,000 ft). After declassifying the data in April 2022, the
172:
2625:
1825:"Identifying Interstellar Objects Trapped in the Solar System through Their Orbital Paramteters"
479:
and identify the characteristic ejection speed of interstellar objects from their parent stars.
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7594:
7206:
7156:
6607:
6565:
6503:
6192:
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6084:
5904:
5806:
5779:
5355:
5025:
4947:
4737:
3688:"Alien-Hunting Astronomer Says There May Be a Second Interstellar Object on Earth in New Study"
2910:"Identifying Interstellar Objects Trapped in the Solar System through Their Orbital Parameters"
626:
476:
7181:
2379:"Observable Signatures of the Ejection Speed of Interstellar Objects from Their Birth Systems"
1931:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl; Aarseth, Sverre J. (6 February 2018).
7682:
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7226:
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6099:
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1024:
401:
104:
70:
7251:
3495:"Astronomers plan to fish an interstellar meteorite out of the ocean using a massive magnet"
2339:
2290:
2231:
2169:
2042:
Clery, Daniel (2018). "This asteroid came from another solar systemâand it's here to stay".
416:
whose orbits are so close to parabolic that their gravitationally bound status is unclear.)
7995:
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7231:
7146:
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545:
375:
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Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (4 June 2019). "Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin".
8:
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3994:"An Observational Upper Limit on the Interstellar Number Density of Asteroids and Comets"
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Sterken, V. J.; Altobelli, N.; Kempf, S.; Schwehm, G.; Srama, R.; GrĂŒn, E. (2012-02-01).
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1594:
1144:"U.S. Space Force Releases Decades of Bolide Data to NASA for Planetary Defense Studies"
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66:
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2612:
2550:"Aloha, 'Oumuamua! Scientists confirm that interstellar asteroid is a cosmic oddball"
2430:
2418:
2363:
2351:
2324:"The influence of meteor measurement errors on the heliocentric orbits of meteoroids"
2304:
2255:
2193:
2112:
2016:
1976:
1868:
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894:
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20:
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and approach with random velocities, mostly from the direction of the constellation
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3841:
3743:
3419:"The First Interstellar Meteor Had a Larger Material Strength Than Iron Meteorites"
3271:
3130:
3065:
2998:
2939:
2874:
2769:
2707:
2598:
2408:
2343:
2294:
2245:
2235:
2183:
2173:
2098:
2047:
2008:
1962:
1854:
1733:
1649:
1620:"Interstellar Interloper 1I/2017 U1: Observations from the NOT and WIYN Telescopes"
1598:
1453:
Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019). "Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin".
1362:
1323:
1289:
989:
942:
882:
840:
792:
716:
704:
674:
665:
660:
578:
538:
288:
264:
131:
2299:
2012:
1910:
1308:
7431:
7271:
7171:
7095:
7085:
6864:
6713:
6683:
6279:
6164:
5919:
4857:
4847:
4516:
4355:
4186:
4098:
4052:
3777:
2820:
1060:
606:
522:
436:
339:
108:
62:
5020:
3651:
Vaubaillon, J. (2022), "Hyperbolic meteors: is CNEOS 2014-01-08 interstellar?",
2532:"We May Just Have Found An Object That Originated From Outside Our Solar System"
2152:
Hajdukova, Maria; Sterken, Veerle; Wiegert, Paul; KornoĆĄ, Leonard (2020-11-01).
7336:
7331:
7136:
7045:
6528:
6454:
6444:
6331:
5999:
5984:
5853:
5547:
5390:
5275:
5255:
5233:
5185:
5175:
5140:
5095:
4802:
4667:
4577:
4497:
4028:
3993:
3748:
3714:"The Feasibility and Benefits of in situ Exploration of ʻOumuamua-like Objects"
3713:
3276:
3241:
3135:
3100:
3003:
2968:
2944:
2909:
2712:
2687:
2603:
2568:
2413:
2378:
2250:
2188:
1859:
1824:
1738:
1703:
1654:
1619:
1241:
685:
sensors, confirmed the velocity of the potential interstellar meteor. In 2023,
530:
409:
284:
2878:
2626:'Oumuamua Isn't from Our Solar System. Now We May Know Which Star It Came From
2446:"Vera Rubin Should be Able to Detect a Couple of Interstellar Objects a Month"
2347:
2240:
2215:
2178:
2153:
1327:
994:
969:
609:(C/1996 B2) might be a former interstellar object captured by the Solar System
8108:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7141:
7080:
7035:
6974:
6969:
6944:
6879:
6869:
6859:
6550:
6493:
6412:
6274:
6207:
5843:
5816:
5801:
5639:
5410:
5370:
5325:
5260:
5239:
5135:
5040:
4682:
4385:
4230:
4118:
4093:
3144:
3077:
3012:
2886:
2774:
2569:"Plausible home stars of the interstellar object 'Oumuamua found in Gaia DR2"
2422:
2355:
2308:
2259:
2197:
1930:
1747:
1509:
1335:
1294:
1267:
1003:
771:
501:
2471:"Project launched to look for extraterrestrial visitors to our Solar System"
2103:
2066:
2051:
1967:
1932:
8062:
7617:
7602:
7481:
7378:
7301:
7070:
7050:
7040:
6938:
6874:
6400:
5959:
5689:
5553:
5529:
5477:
5462:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5320:
5250:
5085:
5045:
5030:
5010:
5000:
4932:
4922:
4777:
4767:
4697:
4647:
4642:
4632:
3392:
3101:"Radio Flares from Collisions of Neutron Stars with Interstellar Asteroids"
1888:
1409:
747:
739:
648:
424:
420:
397:
381:
343:
307:
295:
115:
96:
54:
6508:
6124:
2065:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (11 October 2019).
2020:
743:
506:
496:
419:
An interstellar comet can probably, on rare occasions, be captured into a
240:
119:
7543:
7321:
7316:
7286:
7256:
7211:
7166:
7161:
7090:
7075:
7010:
6954:
6949:
6915:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6560:
6439:
6284:
6247:
6014:
5487:
5482:
5467:
5270:
5228:
5218:
5200:
5195:
5165:
5160:
5120:
5115:
5100:
4995:
4972:
4962:
4957:
4937:
4887:
4877:
4787:
4757:
4727:
4687:
4672:
4557:
4215:
3168:"A Telescope Orbiting the Moon Could Spy 1 Interstellar Visitor Per Year"
2685:
1523:
929:
915:
Francis, Paul J. (2005-12-20). "The Demographics of Long-Period Comets".
556:
269:
114:
The first interstellar object which was discovered traveling through the
82:
2128:"Harvard study suggests asteroids might play key role in spreading life"
7514:
7281:
7055:
6979:
6905:
6884:
6651:
6513:
6311:
6217:
6134:
6069:
5858:
5452:
5345:
5315:
5295:
5265:
4990:
4967:
4897:
4892:
4742:
4732:
4712:
4627:
4622:
4612:
4597:
4572:
4405:
4288:
4161:
4113:
4103:
2535:
1432:
886:
590:
586:
581:
using his custom-built 0.65-meter telescope. On 13 September 2019, the
568:
549:
534:
514:
432:
385:
359:
354:
303:
252:
210:
123:
30:
2064:
6964:
6959:
6925:
6910:
6799:
6543:
6523:
6518:
6427:
6405:
6388:
6259:
6232:
6202:
6079:
6064:
6044:
6009:
5969:
5774:
5749:
5744:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5684:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5634:
5623:
5598:
5245:
5223:
5150:
5145:
5125:
5110:
5105:
5080:
5035:
4902:
4797:
4657:
4587:
4425:
3554:"Material Found in Ocean Is Not From This Solar System, Study Claims"
3364:
3258:
3211:
2756:
699:
371:
226:
111:, planet-mass objects that formed in interstellar space as stars do.
1266:
Mukherjee, Diptajyoti; Siraj, Amir; Trac, Hy; Loeb, Abraham (2023).
7354:
5541:
5535:
5472:
4952:
4872:
4862:
4717:
4617:
4592:
4298:
4235:
4108:
4010:
3926:
3881:
3828:
3730:
3665:
3588:
3579:
3478:
3414:
3117:
3052:
2985:
2926:
2585:
2395:
2085:
1949:
1841:
1720:
1636:
1603:
1578:
1459:
1284:
1124:
946:
669:
363:
85:
74:
46:
2861:
2214:
Hajdukova, M.; Sterken, V.; Wiegert, P.; KornoĆĄ, L. (2020-11-01).
602:
7366:
4567:
3991:
2846:
1029:
428:
302:
because the Solar System is moving in that direction, called the
2821:"ATel#1349: Multiple Outbursts of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov"
1350:"MPEC 2017-V17: NEW DESIGNATION SCHEME FOR INTERSTELLAR OBJECTS"
573:
The object was discovered on 30 August 2019 at MARGO, Nauchnyy,
7677:
7005:
6829:
6764:
5629:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
3971:"European Comet Interceptor Could Visit an Interstellar Object"
574:
555:
In September 2018, astronomers described several possible home
389:
335:
323:
319:
100:
559:
from which ʻOumuamua may have begun its interstellar journey.
6724:
4075:
2969:"Detecting Interstellar Objects through Stellar Occultations"
2213:
2151:
1369:
and would have an inbound v_infinite of 0.2 km/s at 50000 au:
695:. Further related studies were reported on 1 September 2023.
509:, the first confirmed interstellar object, discovered in 2017
455:
78:
50:
2518:"Minor Planet Electronic Circular MPEC 2017-U183: A/2017 U1"
2272:
99:, planets ejected from their original stellar system (e.g.,
5645:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
1478:
1148:
1019:
788:
58:
8057:
1989:
1142:
Handal, Josh; Fox, Karen; Talbert, Tricia (8 April 2022).
7966:
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
4044:
3946:
3812:
3036:"A real-time search for interstellar impacts on the moon"
1937:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
1617:
784:
311:
3242:"Interstellar Meteors are Outliers in Material Strength"
2058:
1924:
1237:"A Few Interstellar Objects Have Probably Been Captured"
513:
A dim object was discovered on October 19, 2017, by the
454:
astronomers suggest that matterâand potentially dormant
294:
Interstellar comets occasionally pass through the inner
791:, planned to launch in 2029, will be positioned at the
310:, the fact that no comet with a speed greater than the
16:
Astronomical object not gravitationally bound to a star
2668:. Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias. 14 September 2019
1265:
8034:
3712:
Seligman, Darryl; Laughlin, Gregory (12 April 2018).
3626:"Did a Meteor from Another Star Strike Earth in 2014"
2275:"The flow of interstellar dust into the solar system"
1911:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1980 E1 (Bowell)"
723:
of the meteor, to be a possible interstellar object.
175:
3919:
2209:
2207:
864:
3467:
3465:
3442:
2692:
Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society
2509:
2216:"The challenge of identifying interstellar meteors"
2154:"The challenge of identifying interstellar meteors"
825:
List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System
88:). In the latter case, the object may be called an
3866:
3617:
3471:
3443:Fuschetti, Ray; Johnson, Malcolm; Strader, Aaron.
1522:
287:each year, and that 10,000 are passing inside the
188:
7643:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
7638:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
2743:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2639:"Is Another Interstellar Visitor Headed Our Way?"
2204:
2072:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1530:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 150.
1365:had an epoch 1600 barycentric semi-major axis of
1272:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
836:List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
107:), though they are difficult to distinguish from
8106:
7262:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
3711:
3462:
2487:
2322:HajdukovĂĄ, MĂĄria; KornoĆĄ, Leonard (2020-10-01).
1539:
1537:
1141:
821: â Astronomical object not orbiting the Sun
400:, where it can be distinguished by its strongly
378:of 1.057. It is heading for interstellar space.
3968:
3306:"The discovery of a second interstellar meteor"
3299:
3297:
3295:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
2798:"MPEC 2019-S72: 2I/Borisov=C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
2321:
1816:
1261:
1259:
1199:
1197:
1137:
1135:
1049:
1047:
832: â Comets that may not be orbiting the Sun
815: â Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
95:The first interstellar objects discovered were
3962:
2818:
2658:
1704:"The Case for an Early Solar Binary Companion"
1342:
1230:
1228:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1080:
1078:
1015:
1013:
585:obtained a low-resolution visible spectrum of
350:10, each with a residence time of ~10 years."
6740:
4060:
2819:Drahus, Michal; et al. (12 March 2020).
2790:
2495:"MPEC 2017-U181: COMET C/2017 U1 (PANSTARRS)"
1795:"Did the Sun have an early binary companion?"
1534:
1168:
1166:
3705:
3572:
3512:
3292:
3240:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Avi (20 September 2022).
3226:
3198:
3166:August 2019, Mike Wall 30 (30 August 2019).
1506:"The Sky at Night: The Mystery of ʻOumuamua"
1256:
1194:
1132:
1044:
970:"Creating the first interstellar interloper"
770: mi) in order to take advantage of the
3860:
3792:
3764:
3379:
3351:
3323:
3190:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3165:
2812:
1875:
1225:
1106:
1075:
1010:
867:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
711:
654:
342:and colleagues, following the detection of
334:, or 10 (1 trillion) comets per cubic
154:similar to the comet numbering system. The
6747:
6733:
4515:
4067:
4053:
3650:
3545:
2901:
2728:
2679:
2524:
1611:
1572:
1570:
1446:
1401:
1163:
860:
858:
856:
742:to assess the feasibility of a mission to
681:, based on information collected from its
505:Path of the hyperbolic, extrasolar object
6805:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters
4027:
4009:
3925:
3880:
3827:
3747:
3729:
3664:
3587:
3578:
3477:
3275:
3257:
3239:
3204:
3134:
3116:
3099:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019-09-19).
3098:
3051:
3034:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-08-01).
3033:
3002:
2984:
2967:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-02-26).
2966:
2943:
2925:
2907:
2860:
2773:
2755:
2711:
2602:
2584:
2566:
2412:
2394:
2377:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-10-29).
2376:
2298:
2249:
2239:
2187:
2177:
2102:
2084:
2035:
1983:
1966:
1948:
1858:
1840:
1822:
1737:
1719:
1702:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-08-18).
1701:
1653:
1635:
1602:
1543:
1526:; Lynds, Beverly; Pillans, Helen (1959).
1458:
1452:
1293:
1283:
1123:
1117:
993:
928:
910:
908:
906:
904:
490:
7673:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
5730:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
5705:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
5640:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
3913:
3806:
3770:
3623:
3385:
3329:
2560:
2542:
2443:
1903:
1467:
1424:
1203:
1053:
726:
601:
500:
460:
380:
25:
5740:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
3942:"Ariel moves from blueprint to reality"
3800:"Project Lyra â A Mission to Ê»Oumuamua"
2630:
1576:
1567:
1390:
1352:. Minor Planet Center. 6 November 2017.
914:
853:
442:Recent research suggests that asteroid
126:in 2019. They both possess significant
8107:
3969:O'Callaghan, Jonathan (24 June 2019).
3802:. Initiative for Interstellar Studies.
3518:
3492:
2567:Feng, Fabo; Jones, Hugh R. A. (2018).
2125:
1516:
1503:
1410:"Pseudo-MPEC for A/2017 U1 (FAQ File)"
1356:
901:
7981:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
6728:
5680:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
4514:
4048:
3560:from the original on 1 September 2023
3551:
3205:Pultarova, Tereza (3 November 2022).
2619:
2515:
2468:
2041:
1881:
1234:
1172:
967:
448:C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)
7663:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
7653:Habitability of neutron star systems
4320:List of comets visited by spacecraft
3413:
3357:
3303:
2636:
1676:
1670:
1407:
1084:
485:
8006:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
7633:Habitability of binary star systems
5765:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
3771:Ferreira, Becky (8 November 2022).
3386:Specktor, Brandon (11 April 2022).
2908:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019).
1823:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019).
1504:Fraser, Wesley (11 February 2018).
736:Initiative for Interstellar Studies
13:
7991:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
7648:Habitability of natural satellites
3358:Choi, Charles Q. (16 April 2019).
1768:
1679:"The Enduring Mysteries of Comets"
1481:. 20 November 2017. Archived from
1312:"The natural history of 'Oumuamua"
181:
14:
8136:
7658:Habitability of red dwarf systems
5905:C/1992 J1 (SpacewatchâRabinowitz)
5685:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
3985:
3533:from the original on 25 July 2023
1882:Koren, Marina (23 January 2019).
615:Special Astrophysical Observatory
529:, much like the rocky asteroids,
427:. Computer simulations show that
8092:
8080:
8068:
8056:
8044:
7755:Stars with proto-planetary discs
7719:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database
7709:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
7197:Extraterrestrial sample curation
6828:
6709:
6708:
5755:C/1927 X1 (SkjellerupâMaristany)
4133:
4127:
3552:McRae, Mike (1 September 2023).
3519:Miller, Katrina (24 July 2023).
1430:
1204:Roulette, Joey (15 April 2022).
1054:Ferreira, Becky (7 April 2022).
968:Veras, Dimitri (13 April 2020).
423:orbit while passing through the
7668:Habitable zone for complex life
7106:Ultra-short period planet (USP)
6810:Methods of detecting exoplanets
5849:C/1970 K1 (WhiteâOrtizâBolelli)
5735:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
5725:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
5700:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
5675:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
5670:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
5665:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
5660:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
5655:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
5650:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
5619:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
5614:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
5609:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
5604:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
5599:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
4262:Observational history of comets
3934:
3899:10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.01.018
3846:10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.12.042
3680:
3644:
3493:Carter, Jamie (9 August 2022).
3486:
3436:
3407:
3330:Billings, Lee (23 April 2019).
3304:Loeb, Avi (23 September 2022).
3159:
3092:
3070:10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.04.006
3027:
2960:
2840:
2637:King, Bob (11 September 2019).
2462:
2437:
2370:
2315:
2266:
2145:
2119:
1787:
1762:
1695:
1677:Choi, Charles Q. (2007-12-24).
1497:
1302:
386:Comet Machholz 1 (96P/Machholz)
322:. Other analyses, of data from
145:
7849:Discovered exoplanets by year
6754:
5884:C/1989 Y1 (SkorichenkoâGeorge)
5874:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
5281:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
1544:MacRobert, Alan (2008-12-02).
1408:Gray, Bill (26 October 2017).
961:
167:Interstellar velocity inbound
1:
7976:Extrasolar planets in fiction
7623:Extraterrestrial liquid water
5869:C/1983 H1 (IRASâArakiâAlcock)
4351:C/2023 A3 (TsuchinshanâATLAS)
2516:Meech, K. (25 October 2017).
2444:Williams, Matt (2020-11-07).
2126:Reuell, Peter (8 July 2019).
2013:10.1126/science.272.5266.1310
1433:"FAQ for C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
1173:Siraj, Amir (12 April 2022).
846:
597:
562:
7996:Planets in globular clusters
7613:Circumstellar habitable zone
5910:C/1993 Y1 (McNaughtâRussell)
5832:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
5432:D/1993 F2 (ShoemakerâLevy 9)
5341:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
4833:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
3624:Billings, Lee (2019-04-23).
2469:Clery, Daniel (2021-07-26).
2279:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1801:. 2020-08-20. Archived from
1577:Torbett, M. V. (July 1986).
1508:(Interview). Interviewed by
1475:"Interstellar Asteroid FAQs"
1085:Wenz, John (11 April 2022).
338:. A more recent estimate by
326:, set the upper limit at 4.5
7:
7956:Exoplanet naming convention
7066:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
5401:226P/PigottâLINEARâKowalski
4773:45P/HondaâMrkosâPajduĆĄĂĄkovĂĄ
4753:41P/TuttleâGiacobiniâKresĂĄk
4284:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
2328:Planetary and Space Science
2300:10.1051/0004-6361/201117119
2220:Planetary and Space Science
2158:Planetary and Space Science
1235:Gough, Evan (18 May 2023).
1021:United States Space Command
806:
619:Russian Academy of Sciences
412:around the Sun. (There are
189:{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}
161:
10:
8141:
7192:Extraterrestrial materials
6826:
5790:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
5770:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
5710:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
5695:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
4315:List of missions to comets
4074:
658:
566:
494:
406:hyperbolic excess velocity
128:hyperbolic excess velocity
18:
8019:Discoveries of exoplanets
8014:
7943:
7732:
7691:
7593:
7505:
7412:
7345:
7222:Interplanetary dust cloud
7118:
6998:
6924:
6850:
6837:
6792:
6760:
6704:
6178:
6075:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
6020:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
5892:
5720:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
5635:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
5594:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
5586:
5573:
5560:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
5500:
5440:
5419:
5303:
5294:
5184:
4981:
4928:76P/WestâKohoutekâIkemura
4883:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
4543:
4532:
4528:
4510:
4478:
4460:(BernardinelliâBernstein)
4328:
4307:
4249:
4142:
4125:
4086:
4082:
3246:The Astrophysical Journal
3105:Research Notes of the AAS
2973:The Astrophysical Journal
2914:The Astrophysical Journal
2879:10.1134/S1990341307040013
2826:The Astronomer's Telegram
2383:The Astrophysical Journal
2348:10.1016/j.pss.2020.104965
2241:10.1016/j.pss.2020.105060
2179:10.1016/j.pss.2020.105060
1829:The Astrophysical Journal
1708:The Astrophysical Journal
1624:The Astrophysical Journal
1328:10.1038/s41550-019-0816-x
995:10.1038/s41550-020-1064-9
917:The Astrophysical Journal
830:List of hyperbolic comets
473:Vera C. Rubin Observatory
306:. Until the discovery of
7724:Open Exoplanet Catalogue
7699:Nearby Habitable Systems
7585:Transit-timing variation
5780:C/1956 R1 (ArendâRoland)
5715:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
5690:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
4913:73P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4703:31P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4693:29P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4366:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
4029:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5c8a
3998:The Astronomical Journal
3749:10.3847/1538-3881/aabd37
3718:The Astronomical Journal
3277:10.3847/2041-8213/aca8a0
3136:10.3847/2515-5172/ab43de
3004:10.3847/2041-8213/ab74d9
2945:10.3847/2041-8213/ab042a
2713:10.3847/2515-5172/ab449c
2604:10.3847/1538-3881/aae3eb
2573:The Astronomical Journal
2414:10.3847/2041-8213/abc170
1860:10.3847/2041-8213/ab042a
1739:10.3847/2041-8213/abac66
1655:10.3847/2041-8213/aa9b2f
813:Global catastrophic risk
738:(i4is) launched in 2017
712:2017 interstellar meteor
655:2014 interstellar meteor
583:Gran Telescopio Canarias
122:in 2017. The second was
19:Not to be confused with
8001:Small planet radius gap
7704:Exoplanet Data Explorer
7628:Galactic habitable zone
7202:Giant-impact hypothesis
6255:de KockâParaskevopoulos
6110:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
5311:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
4603:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
4451:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
4294:Small Solar System body
2340:2020P&SS..19004965H
2291:2012A&A...538A.102S
2232:2020P&SS..19205060H
2170:2020P&SS..19205060H
2052:10.1126/science.aau2420
799:to wait for a suitable
90:interstellar interloper
7961:Exoplanet phase curves
7799:Terrestrial candidates
7750:Multiplanetary systems
7714:NASA Exoplanet Archive
7397:Mean-motion resonances
7207:Gravitational collapse
7157:Circumstellar envelope
6090:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
6085:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
5930:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
5827:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
5807:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
5406:271P/van HoutenâLemmon
5366:107P/WilsonâHarrington
5361:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
5331:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
5207:4015 WilsonâHarrington
5051:147P/KushidaâMuramatsu
5016:107P/WilsonâHarrington
5006:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
4818:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
3605:Cite journal requires
2849:Astrophysical Bulletin
2775:10.1093/mnras/staa1190
2520:. Minor Planet Center.
1546:"A Very Oddball Comet"
1295:10.1093/mnras/stad2317
610:
510:
491:1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)
477:Local Standard of Rest
467:
444:514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela
393:
241:1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)
190:
34:
7836:Potentially habitable
7741:Exoplanetary systems
7683:Superhabitable planet
7442:F/Yellow-white dwarfs
7327:Sample-return mission
7227:Interplanetary medium
6608:SpacewatchâRabinowitz
6170:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
6120:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
6100:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
6065:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
6045:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
5990:C/2006 A1 (PojmaĆski)
5980:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
5960:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
5925:C/1997 L1 (ZhuâBalam)
5920:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
5915:C/1995 O1 (HaleâBopp)
5750:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
5396:206P/BarnardâBoattini
4918:74P/SmirnovaâChernykh
4828:56P/SlaughterâBurnham
4723:35P/HerschelâRigollet
4470:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
4431:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
4361:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
4336:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
2800:. Minor Planet Center
2497:. Minor Planet Center
2104:10.1093/mnras/stz2229
1968:10.1093/mnrasl/sly019
1913:(1986-12-02 last obs)
727:Hypothetical missions
605:
504:
466:however, not evident.
464:
402:hyperbolic trajectory
384:
358:similarly scattered.
191:
71:gravitationally bound
29:
8115:Interstellar objects
7971:Extragalactic planet
7951:Carl Sagan Institute
7232:Interplanetary space
7147:Circumplanetary disk
6820:Planet-hosting stars
6588:SkjellerupâMaristany
6125:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
6035:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
6025:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
6000:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
5985:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
5940:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
5854:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
5524:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
5512:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
5351:72P/DenningâFujikawa
4908:72P/DenningâFujikawa
4808:52P/HarringtonâAbell
4783:47P/AshbrookâJackson
4678:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
4653:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
1583:Astronomical Journal
1528:Elementary Astronomy
645:stellar occultations
173:
7312:Protoplanetary disk
7292:Planetary migration
7247:Interstellar medium
7026:Circumtriple planet
7021:Circumbinary planet
6657:WhiteâOrtizâBolelli
6160:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
6150:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
6130:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
6115:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
6105:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
6095:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
6080:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
6050:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
6030:C/2009 F6 (YiâSWAN)
6005:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
5950:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
5844:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
5817:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
5802:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
5775:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
5286:(300163) 2006 VW139
5156:332P/IkeyaâMurakami
5061:156P/RussellâLINEAR
4943:79P/du ToitâHartley
4853:61P/ShajnâSchaldach
4838:58P/JacksonâNeujmin
4763:43P/WolfâHarrington
4663:23P/BrorsenâMetcalf
4465:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
4441:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
4436:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
4416:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
4386:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
4371:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
4020:2017AJ....153..133E
3975:Scientific American
3891:2020AcAau.170..136H
3838:2017arXiv171103155H
3740:2018AJ....155..217S
3675:2022JIMO...50..140V
3631:Scientific American
3337:Scientific American
3268:2022ApJ...941L..28S
3127:2019RNAAS...3..130S
3062:2020AcAau.173...53S
2995:2020ApJ...891L...3S
2936:2019ApJ...872L..10S
2871:2007AstBu..62..301A
2766:2020MNRAS.495.2053D
2704:2019RNAAS...3..131D
2644:Sky & Telescope
2595:2018AJ....156..205B
2556:. 20 November 2017.
2538:. October 26, 2017.
2405:2020ApJ...903L..20S
2251:20.500.11850/432235
2189:20.500.11850/432235
2095:2019MNRAS.489..951D
2005:1996Sci...272.1310M
1999:(5266): 1310â1314.
1959:2018MNRAS.476L...1D
1851:2019ApJ...872L..10S
1730:2020ApJ...899L..24S
1646:2017ApJ...850L..36J
1595:1986AJ.....92..171T
1550:Sky & Telescope
1485:on 18 December 2019
1180:Scientific American
986:2020NatAs...4..835V
939:2005ApJ...635.1348F
879:1992CeMDA..54...37V
819:Hyperbolic asteroid
687:The Galileo Project
629:candidates such as
437:Hyakutake C/1996 B2
318:) comets per cubic
198:
156:Minor Planet Center
43:astronomical object
39:interstellar object
7277:Nebular hypothesis
7252:Interstellar space
7237:Interstellar cloud
7217:Internal structure
7152:Circumstellar disc
6593:SkorichenkoâGeorge
6188:Aarseth-Brewington
6140:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
6060:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
6040:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
6010:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
5970:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
5955:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
5945:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
5879:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
5864:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
5745:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
5448:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
5356:80P/PetersâHartley
5071:162P/Siding Spring
4948:80P/PetersâHartley
4813:53P/Van Biesbroeck
4738:38P/StephanâOterma
4446:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
4421:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
4411:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
4401:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
4381:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
4341:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
3950:. 12 November 2020
3526:The New York Times
1397:Voyager Fast Facts
1211:The New York Times
887:10.1007/BF00049542
692:The New York Times
679:U.S. Space Command
621:on July 28, 2006.
611:
511:
468:
394:
353:Current models of
291:on any given day.
214:(weakly hyperbolic
186:
166:
136:U.S. Space Command
67:interstellar space
35:
8125:Stellar astronomy
8032:
8031:
7608:Astrooceanography
7242:Interstellar dust
7114:
7113:
6990:Ultra-hot Neptune
6985:Ultra-hot Jupiter
6934:Eccentric Jupiter
6784:Planetary science
6722:
6721:
6700:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6307:IRASâArakiâAlcock
6145:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
6015:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
5822:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
5812:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
5785:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
5760:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
5569:
5568:
5496:
5495:
5458:18D/PerrineâMrkos
5336:55P/TempelâTuttle
5213:7968 ElstâPizarro
5131:273P/PonsâGambart
5076:168P/Hergenrother
5066:161P/HartleyâIRAS
5026:109P/SwiftâTuttle
4868:64P/SwiftâGehrels
4823:55P/TempelâTuttle
4638:18D/PerrineâMrkos
4506:
4505:
4493:Comets in fiction
4396:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
4391:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
4346:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
4272:Comet discoverers
3869:Acta Astronautica
3816:Acta Astronautica
3417:(18 April 2022).
3040:Acta Astronautica
801:long-period comet
780:Comet Interceptor
721:material strength
683:planetary defense
544:ʻOumuamua has an
523:cometary activity
486:Confirmed objects
281:
280:
216:Oort Cloud comet)
105:Cha 110913â773444
21:Extrasolar object
8132:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8073:
8072:
8071:
8061:
8060:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8040:
7986:Neptunian desert
7372:Tidally detached
7307:Planet formation
7297:Planetary system
7187:Exozodiacal dust
7177:Disrupted planet
7101:Ultra-cool dwarf
7031:Disrupted planet
7016:Chthonian planet
6848:
6847:
6832:
6815:Planetary system
6749:
6742:
6735:
6726:
6725:
6712:
6711:
6670:
6648:
6640:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
6467:McNaughtâRussell
6155:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
6070:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
6055:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
5995:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
5975:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
5965:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
5935:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
5900:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
5859:C/1975 V1 (West)
5840:
5798:
5584:
5583:
5301:
5300:
5056:153P/IkeyaâZhang
4793:49P/ArendâRigaux
4583:7P/PonsâWinnecke
4541:
4540:
4530:
4529:
4512:
4511:
4488:Antimatter comet
4376:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
4257:Naming of comets
4137:
4131:
4084:
4083:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4013:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3884:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3831:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3733:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3301:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3261:
3237:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3138:
3120:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3055:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3006:
2988:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2929:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2864:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2759:
2750:(2): 2053â2062.
2732:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2588:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2416:
2398:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2088:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2032:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1952:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1844:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1741:
1723:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1639:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1541:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1363:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1316:Nature Astronomy
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1023:(6 April 2022).
1017:
1008:
1007:
997:
974:Nature Astronomy
965:
959:
958:
932:
930:astro-ph/0509074
923:(2): 1348â1361.
912:
899:
898:
862:
841:Rogue black hole
766:
765:
756:
755:
717:CNEOS 2017-03-09
705:CNEOS 2014-01-08
675:Papua New Guinea
666:CNEOS 2014-01-08
661:CNEOS 2014-01-08
642:
635:
579:Gennadiy Borisov
552:in August 2019.
539:cosmic radiation
349:
329:
289:orbit of Neptune
277:9.24 au/yr
265:2014Jan08 bolide
259:6.77 au/yr
247:5.55 au/yr
235:3.57 au/yr
230:(For comparison)
221:0.04 au/yr
211:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
199:
197:
195:
193:
192:
187:
185:
184:
165:
132:CNEOS 2014-01-08
109:sub-brown dwarfs
8140:
8139:
8135:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8081:
8079:
8069:
8067:
8055:
8045:
8043:
8035:
8033:
8028:
8024:Search projects
8010:
7939:
7728:
7687:
7589:
7561:Radial velocity
7501:
7457:K/Orange dwarfs
7447:G/Yellow dwarfs
7408:
7402:TitiusâBode law
7341:
7272:Molecular cloud
7172:Detached object
7123:
7121:
7110:
7096:Toroidal planet
7086:Sub-brown dwarf
6994:
6920:
6892:(Super-Mercury)
6865:Coreless planet
6841:
6839:
6833:
6824:
6788:
6756:
6753:
6723:
6718:
6688:
6664:
6642:
6180:
6174:
6165:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
5888:
5834:
5792:
5578:
5576:
5565:
5503:
5492:
5436:
5415:
5290:
5187:
5180:
4983:
4977:
4858:62P/Tsuchinshan
4848:60P/Tsuchinshan
4843:59P/KearnsâKwee
4608:12P/PonsâBrooks
4545:
4535:
4524:
4517:Lists of comets
4502:
4480:
4474:
4459:
4356:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
4324:
4303:
4245:
4138:
4132:
4123:
4078:
4073:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3918:
3914:
3865:
3861:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3769:
3765:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3634:
3622:
3618:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3499:livescience.com
3491:
3487:
3470:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3302:
3293:
3238:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3203:
3199:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3164:
3160:
3097:
3093:
3032:
3028:
2965:
2961:
2906:
2902:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2733:
2729:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2565:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2475:www.science.org
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2442:
2438:
2375:
2371:
2320:
2316:
2271:
2267:
2212:
2205:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2132:Harvard Gazette
2124:
2120:
2063:
2059:
2040:
2036:
1988:
1984:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1880:
1876:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1799:Cosmos Magazine
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1769:Carter, Jamie.
1767:
1763:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1675:
1671:
1616:
1612:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1542:
1535:
1521:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1435:. Project Pluto
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1412:. Project Pluto
1406:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1307:
1303:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1233:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1202:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1171:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1140:
1133:
1116:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1052:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1018:
1011:
966:
962:
913:
902:
863:
854:
849:
809:
796:
763:
761:
753:
751:
729:
714:
663:
657:
641:
637:
634:
630:
607:Comet Hyakutake
600:
571:
565:
499:
493:
488:
410:elliptic orbits
347:
340:David C. Jewitt
327:
276:
267:
258:
246:
245:26.33 km/s
234:
229:
220:
215:
213:
180:
176:
174:
171:
170:
168:
164:
148:
63:stellar remnant
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8138:
8128:
8127:
8122:
8120:Exoplanetology
8117:
8102:
8101:
8089:
8077:
8065:
8053:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8026:
8021:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7827:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7738:
7736:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7695:
7693:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7599:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7573:Transit method
7570:
7569:
7568:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7546:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7529:
7528:
7527:
7520:Direct imaging
7517:
7511:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7418:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7381:
7376:
7375:
7374:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7351:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7337:Star formation
7334:
7332:Scattered disc
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7182:Excretion disk
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7137:Accretion disk
7134:
7128:
7126:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7046:Eyeball planet
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6856:
6854:
6845:
6835:
6834:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6729:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6662:WilsonâHubbard
6659:
6654:
6649:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6529:311P/PanSTARRS
6526:
6521:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5581:
5575:Near-Parabolic
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5557:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5527:
5521:
5515:
5508:
5506:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5391:205P/Giacobini
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5276:358P/PANSTARRS
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5256:311P/PanSTARRS
5253:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5234:60558 Echeclus
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5176:460P/PanSTARRS
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5141:311P/PanSTARRS
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:205P/Giacobini
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4803:51P/Harrington
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4708:32P/Comas SolĂ
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4668:24P/Schaumasse
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4538:
4526:
4525:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4498:Comet vintages
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4199:Near-parabolic
4191:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:Jupiter-family
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4042:
3987:
3986:External links
3984:
3981:
3980:
3961:
3933:
3912:
3859:
3805:
3791:
3763:
3704:
3679:
3643:
3616:
3607:|journal=
3571:
3544:
3511:
3485:
3461:
3435:
3406:
3378:
3350:
3322:
3310:TheDebrief.org
3291:
3225:
3197:
3158:
3091:
3026:
2959:
2900:
2855:(4): 301â310.
2839:
2811:
2789:
2727:
2678:
2657:
2629:
2618:
2559:
2541:
2523:
2508:
2486:
2461:
2450:Universe Today
2436:
2369:
2314:
2265:
2203:
2144:
2118:
2079:(1): 951â961.
2057:
2034:
1982:
1923:
1902:
1874:
1815:
1786:
1761:
1694:
1669:
1610:
1604:10.1086/114148
1566:
1533:
1515:
1496:
1466:
1445:
1423:
1400:
1389:
1355:
1341:
1322:(7): 594â602.
1310:(2019-07-01).
1301:
1255:
1242:Universe Today
1224:
1193:
1162:
1131:
1105:
1074:
1043:
1009:
980:(9): 835â836.
960:
947:10.1086/497684
900:
873:(1â3): 37â48.
851:
850:
848:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
827:
822:
816:
808:
805:
794:
783:spacecraft by
728:
725:
713:
710:
659:Main article:
656:
653:
639:
632:
599:
596:
567:Main article:
564:
561:
531:extinct comets
495:Main article:
492:
489:
487:
484:
285:orbit of Earth
279:
278:
275:43.8 km/s
273:
261:
260:
257:32.1 km/s
255:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
233:16.9 km/s
231:
223:
222:
217:
207:
206:
203:
183:
179:
163:
160:
147:
144:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8137:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8110:
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8090:
8088:
8078:
8076:
8066:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8052:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8013:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
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7962:
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7906:
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7807:
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7780:
7777:
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7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
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7742:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7735:
7731:
7725:
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7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
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7641:
7639:
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7621:
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7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
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7600:
7598:
7596:
7592:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7530:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7497:Yellow giants
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7344:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7267:Merging stars
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7142:Asteroid belt
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7117:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7081:Pulsar planet
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7036:Double planet
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6975:Super-Neptune
6973:
6971:
6970:Super-Jupiter
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6945:Helium planet
6943:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6880:Hycean planet
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6870:Desert planet
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6860:Carbon planet
6858:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6836:
6831:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6750:
6745:
6743:
6738:
6736:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6715:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6646:
6641:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6571:Siding Spring
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5572:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5499:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5411:289P/Blanpain
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:113P/Spitaler
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:27P/Crommelin
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:324P/La Sagra
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5240:118401 LINEAR
5238:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5136:289P/Blanpain
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:178P/HugâBell
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:141P/Machholz
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:27P/Crommelin
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4209:Unknown-orbit
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4120:
4119:Meteor shower
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3795:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3599:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3354:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3326:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3187:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2519:
2512:
2496:
2490:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1805:on 2020-11-16
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1684:
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1673:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1556:on 2008-12-07
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1510:Chris Lintott
1507:
1500:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1434:
1427:
1411:
1404:
1398:
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1373:
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1333:
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1317:
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1296:
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1244:
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1238:
1231:
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1213:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1182:
1181:
1176:
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1167:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
926:
922:
918:
911:
909:
907:
905:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
859:
857:
852:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
828:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
810:
804:
802:
798:
790:
786:
782:
781:
775:
773:
772:Oberth effect
769:
760: km; 1.3
759:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
724:
722:
718:
709:
706:
701:
700:uncertainties
696:
694:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
667:
662:
652:
650:
649:neutron stars
646:
628:
622:
620:
616:
608:
604:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
560:
558:
553:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
516:
508:
503:
498:
483:
480:
478:
474:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
414:a few objects
411:
407:
403:
399:
391:
388:as viewed by
387:
383:
379:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
356:
351:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
274:
271:
266:
263:
262:
256:
254:
251:
250:
244:
242:
239:
238:
232:
228:
225:
224:
219:0.2 km/s
218:
212:
209:
208:
204:
201:
200:
177:
159:
157:
153:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:rogue planets
93:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
22:
8099:Solar System
7841:Proper names
7618:Earth analog
7603:Astrobiology
7595:Habitability
7532:Microlensing
7492:White dwarfs
7462:M/Red dwarfs
7452:Herbig Ae/Be
7437:Brown dwarfs
7379:Rogue planet
7360:Interstellar
7302:Planetesimal
7071:Planetesimal
7051:Giant planet
7041:Ecumenopolis
6939:Mini-Neptune
6875:Dwarf planet
6401:C/2001 OG108
6193:ArendâRoland
5554:103P/Hartley
5544:(2005, 2011)
5530:19P/Borrelly
5478:75D/Kohoutek
5463:20D/Westphal
5386:177P/Barnard
5381:157P/Tritton
5376:122P/de Vico
5251:259P/Garradd
5086:177P/Barnard
5046:144P/Kushida
5031:122P/de Vico
5021:108P/Ciffréo
5011:103P/Hartley
5001:96P/Machholz
4933:77P/Longmore
4923:75D/Kohoutek
4778:46P/Wirtanen
4768:44P/Reinmuth
4698:30P/Reinmuth
4648:20D/Westphal
4643:19P/Borrelly
4241:Interstellar
4240:
4194:Non-periodic
4001:
3997:
3974:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3945:
3936:
3915:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3776:
3766:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3691:
3682:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3635:. Retrieved
3629:
3619:
3598:cite journal
3574:
3562:. Retrieved
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3524:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3498:
3488:
3452:. Retrieved
3448:
3438:
3426:. Retrieved
3422:
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3393:Live Science
3391:
3381:
3369:. Retrieved
3363:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3335:
3325:
3315:24 September
3313:. Retrieved
3309:
3259:2209.09905v1
3249:
3245:
3216:. Retrieved
3210:
3200:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:
3161:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3043:
3039:
3029:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2804:24 September
2802:. Retrieved
2792:
2757:2005.00786v1
2747:
2741:
2730:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:12 September
2648:. Retrieved
2642:
2632:
2621:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2526:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2489:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:
2439:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2223:
2219:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2137:29 September
2135:. Retrieved
2131:
2121:
2076:
2070:
2060:
2043:
2037:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1943:(1): L1âL5.
1940:
1936:
1926:
1915:. Retrieved
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:The Atlantic
1887:
1877:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1798:
1789:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:
1764:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:
1672:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1586:
1582:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1549:
1527:
1524:Struve, Otto
1518:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1469:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1431:Gray, Bill.
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1403:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1358:
1344:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1275:
1271:
1246:. Retrieved
1240:
1215:. Retrieved
1209:
1184:. Retrieved
1178:
1153:. Retrieved
1147:
1096:. Retrieved
1090:
1065:. Retrieved
1059:
1034:. Retrieved
1028:
977:
973:
963:
920:
916:
870:
866:
778:
776:
767:
757:
740:Project Lyra
733:
730:
715:
697:
690:
664:
623:
612:
572:
557:star systems
554:
546:eccentricity
543:
521:The lack of
520:
512:
481:
469:
441:
425:Solar System
421:heliocentric
418:
398:Solar System
395:
392:(April 2007)
376:eccentricity
369:
352:
296:Solar System
293:
282:
151:
149:
146:Nomenclature
140:
120:1I/ʻOumuamua
116:Solar System
113:
94:
89:
83:exoasteroids
69:that is not
57:, but not a
55:rogue planet
45:(such as an
38:
36:
8087:Outer space
8075:Spaceflight
7853:before 2000
7769:Discoveries
7544:Polarimetry
7432:Binary star
7322:Rubble pile
7317:Ring system
7287:Outer space
7257:Kuiper belt
7212:Hills cloud
7167:Debris disk
7162:Cosmic dust
7091:Sub-Neptune
7076:Protoplanet
7011:Brown dwarf
6999:Other types
6955:Hot Neptune
6950:Hot Jupiter
6941:(Gas dwarf)
6916:Super-Earth
6901:Ocean world
6896:Lava planet
6890:Iron planet
6852:Terrestrial
6793:Main topics
6665: [
6643: [
6539:C/2015 ER61
6248:C/2013 US10
5835: [
5793: [
5488:85D/Boethin
5483:83D/Russell
5468:25D/Neujmin
5271:354P/LINEAR
5229:167P/CINEOS
5219:165P/LINEAR
5201:2060 Chiron
5196:596 Scheila
5166:354P/LINEAR
5161:333P/LINEAR
5121:252P/LINEAR
5116:249P/LINEAR
5101:209P/LINEAR
4996:92P/Sanguin
4973:85D/Boethin
4963:83D/Russell
4958:82P/Gehrels
4938:78P/Gehrels
4888:68P/Klemola
4878:66P/du Toit
4788:48P/Johnson
4758:42P/Neujmin
4748:40P/VÀisÀlÀ
4728:36P/Whipple
4688:28P/Neujmin
4673:25D/Neujmin
4578:6P/d'Arrest
4481:speculation
4479:Culture and
4308:Exploration
4216:Great Comet
4172:Halley-type
4167:Long period
3954:12 November
3875:: 136â144.
3822:: 552â561.
3564:1 September
3454:2 September
1589:: 171â175.
1489:21 November
1278:: 908â921.
793:Sun-Earth L
748:solar radii
270:peer review
81:(including
8109:Categories
7764:Exoplanets
7745:Host stars
7692:Catalogues
7515:Astrometry
7477:Subdwarf B
7414:Host stars
7387:Retrograde
7282:Oort cloud
7120:Formation
7056:Mesoplanet
6980:Super-puff
6906:Mega-Earth
6885:Ice planet
6770:Definition
6755:Exoplanets
6613:Stonehouse
6566:SekiâLines
6514:Pan-STARRS
6504:Oukaimeden
6379:C/2000 WM1
6302:Ikeya-Seki
6179:After 1910
6135:2I/Borisov
5893:After 1990
5587:Until 1990
5504:spacecraft
5502:Visited by
5453:5D/Brorsen
5346:69P/Taylor
5321:17P/Holmes
5316:15P/Finlay
5266:331P/Gibbs
5186:Comet-like
4991:88P/Howell
4982:After 1985
4968:84P/Giclas
4898:70P/Kojima
4893:69P/Taylor
4743:39P/Oterma
4733:37P/Forbes
4713:33P/Daniel
4633:17P/Holmes
4628:16P/Brooks
4623:15P/Finlay
4613:13P/Olbers
4598:10P/Tempel
4573:5D/Brorsen
4544:Until 1985
4406:2I/Borisov
4289:Oort cloud
4221:Sungrazing
4204:Hyperbolic
4182:Encke-type
4114:Comet dust
4011:1702.02237
4004:(3): 133.
3927:1711.03155
3882:1902.04935
3829:1711.03155
3784:8 November
3731:1803.07022
3724:(5): 217.
3697:3 November
3666:2211.02305
3659:(5): 140,
3637:2019-04-23
3589:2308.15623
3479:2208.00092
3449:NBC Boston
3252:(2): L28.
3218:4 November
3177:2020-11-14
3118:1908.11440
3111:(9): 130.
3053:1908.08543
2986:2001.02681
2927:1811.09632
2920:(1): L10.
2698:(9): 131.
2672:2019-09-14
2586:1809.09009
2579:(5): 205.
2536:IFLScience
2501:25 October
2480:2021-10-22
2455:2020-11-14
2396:2010.02214
2389:(1): L20.
2334:: 104965.
2226:: 105060.
2164:: 105060.
2086:1908.02666
1950:1802.00778
1917:2010-01-08
1895:23 January
1842:1811.09632
1835:(1): L10.
1809:2020-11-14
1780:2020-11-14
1721:2007.10339
1714:(2): L24.
1688:2008-12-30
1637:1711.05687
1630:(2): L36.
1560:2010-03-26
1460:1904.07224
1439:2019-09-24
1416:26 October
1285:2305.08915
1125:1904.07224
847:References
598:Candidates
591:Oort Cloud
587:2I/Borisov
569:2I/Borisov
563:2I/Borisov
550:2I/Borisov
535:damocloids
527:frost line
515:Pan-STARRS
433:Machholz 1
360:Amir Siraj
355:Oort cloud
304:solar apex
253:2I/Borisov
152:I numbers,
124:2I/Borisov
31:2I/Borisov
8051:Astronomy
7858:2000â2009
7824:1501â2000
7819:1001â1500
7507:Detection
7472:Red giant
7132:Accretion
7124:evolution
6965:Ice giant
6960:Gas giant
6911:Sub-Earth
6800:Exoplanet
6679:ZhuâBalam
6633:C/2020 F8
6628:C/2012 E2
6623:C/2006 M4
6581:C/2013 A1
6576:C/2007 Q3
6556:PojmaĆski
6544:C/2017 K2
6534:C/2014 Q1
6524:C/2012 K1
6519:C/2011 L4
6509:ʻOumuamua
6499:Nishimura
6487:C/2002 V1
6482:C/2001 Q4
6460:C/2009 R1
6455:C/2006 P1
6433:C/2014 Q2
6428:C/2013 R1
6423:C/2011 W3
6418:C/2007 E2
6406:C/2007 F1
6389:C/2002 T7
6384:C/2001 A2
6374:C/1999 S4
6352:C/2019 U6
6347:C/2018 C2
6342:C/2012 F6
6295:C/1964 N1
6290:C/1963 A1
6280:Hyakutake
6270:Hale-Bopp
6243:C/1999 F1
6228:Bradfield
6203:Beljawsky
6181:(by name)
5624:C/1652 Y1
5579:(notable)
5548:C/2006 P1
5542:9P/Tempel
5518:1P/Halley
5441:Not found
5420:Destroyed
5304:Recovered
5246:238P/Read
5224:166P/NEAT
5188:asteroids
5151:323P/SOHO
5146:322P/SOHO
5126:255P/Levy
5111:246P/NEAT
5106:238P/Read
5081:169P/NEAT
5036:126P/IRAS
4984:(notable)
4903:71P/Clark
4798:50P/Arend
4658:22P/Kopff
4593:9P/Tempel
4588:8P/Tuttle
4553:1P/Halley
4456:C/2014 UN
4426:C/2017 U7
4187:Main-belt
3907:119078436
3854:119474144
3580:Loeb, Avi
3504:21 August
3428:21 August
3415:Loeb, Avi
3365:Space.com
3286:252407502
3212:Space.com
3172:Space.com
3153:201698501
3145:2515-5172
3086:201645069
3078:0094-5765
3046:: 53â55.
3021:210116475
3013:2041-8213
2979:(1): L3.
2954:119198820
2887:1990-3421
2862:0712.1571
2784:218486809
2722:204193392
2613:119051284
2431:222141714
2423:2041-8213
2364:224927095
2356:0032-0633
2309:0004-6361
2260:0032-0633
2198:0032-0633
2113:199472877
1977:119405023
1869:119198820
1756:220665422
1748:2041-8213
1683:Space.com
1374:=42.1219
1336:2397-3366
1061:Vice News
1004:2397-3366
895:189826529
744:ʻOumuamua
507:ʻOumuamua
497:ʻOumuamua
372:C/1980 E1
367:Jupiter.
344:'Oumuamua
308:'Oumuamua
227:Voyager 1
205:Velocity
182:∞
86:exocomets
75:asteroids
7814:501â1000
7794:Heaviest
7774:Extremes
7482:Subgiant
7355:Exocomet
6714:Category
6603:Southern
6450:McNaught
6445:Machholz
6332:Kohoutek
6238:Catalina
6213:Boattini
5536:81P/Wild
5473:34D/Gale
5427:3D/Biela
4953:81P/Wild
4873:65P/Gunn
4863:63P/Wild
4718:34D/Gale
4618:14P/Wolf
4563:3D/Biela
4558:2P/Encke
4534:Periodic
4299:Asteroid
4236:Exocomet
4157:Numbered
4152:Periodic
4109:Antitail
4087:Features
4038:54893830
3758:73656586
3558:Archived
3531:Archived
3399:12 April
3371:12 April
3343:12 April
3186:cite web
2895:16340731
2832:13 March
2554:GeekWire
2285:: A102.
2029:27362518
1664:32684355
1217:15 April
1186:14 April
1155:11 April
1098:11 April
1036:12 April
955:12767774
807:See also
670:preprint
390:STEREO-A
364:Avi Loeb
316:trillion
300:Hercules
162:Overview
47:asteroid
8037:Portals
7789:Largest
7784:Nearest
7487:T Tauri
7383:Orbits
7367:Exomoon
7347:Systems
7061:Planemo
6926:Gaseous
6674:YiâSWAN
6551:Pereyra
6494:NEOWISE
6413:Lovejoy
6359:Leonard
6327:Johnson
6322:Jacques
6317:Iwamoto
6275:Humason
6260:Eclipse
6218:Borisov
6208:Bennett
4568:4P/Faye
4267:Centaur
4250:Related
4231:Extinct
4094:Nucleus
4016:Bibcode
3887:Bibcode
3834:Bibcode
3736:Bibcode
3671:Bibcode
3537:24 July
3264:Bibcode
3123:Bibcode
3058:Bibcode
2991:Bibcode
2932:Bibcode
2867:Bibcode
2762:Bibcode
2736:2020).
2700:Bibcode
2591:Bibcode
2401:Bibcode
2336:Bibcode
2287:Bibcode
2228:Bibcode
2166:Bibcode
2091:Bibcode
2044:Science
2021:8650540
2001:Bibcode
1993:Science
1955:Bibcode
1847:Bibcode
1726:Bibcode
1642:Bibcode
1591:Bibcode
1384:â145127
1376:√
1367:â145127
1092:Inverse
1067:9 April
1030:Twitter
982:Bibcode
935:Bibcode
875:Bibcode
638:2018 TL
631:2017 SV
627:centaur
617:of the
452:Harvard
429:Jupiter
53:, or a
7804:Kepler
7779:Firsts
7678:Tholin
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