Solar System - Knowledge

3492: 1715: 1994: 2899: 1175: 3106: 23060: 20033: 21060: 2599: 2405: 1431: 10085: 2657: 958: 946: 3359: 1049: 3072: 2977: 2611:. Most scattered disc objects have perihelia within the Kuiper belt but aphelia far beyond it (some more than 150 AU from the Sun). SDOs' orbits can be inclined up to 46.8° from the ecliptic plane. Some astronomers consider the scattered disc to be merely another region of the Kuiper belt and describe scattered-disc objects as "scattered Kuiper belt objects". Some astronomers classify centaurs as inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects along with the outward-scattered residents of the scattered disc. 1224: 1810: 2417: 6150: 18370: 36: 2833: 10082: 22800: 20900: 2752: 3255: 6096: 2440:. The latter have orbits whose periods are in a simple ratio to that of Neptune: for example, going around the Sun twice for every three times that Neptune does, or once for every two. The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 to 47.7 AU. Members of the classical Kuiper belt are sometimes called "cubewanos", after the first of their kind to be discovered, originally designated 18268: 18336: 18353: 18319: 18148: 18387: 23084: 18302: 834: 3032:. Their closest approaches to the Sun are mostly clustered around one sector and their orbits are similarly tilted, suggesting that a large planet might be influencing their orbit over millions of years. However, some astronomers said that this observation might be credited to observational biases or just sheer coincidence. An alternative hypothesis has a close flyby of another star disrupting the outer Solar System. 23036: 20009: 3618: 22914: 20912: 18285: 23048: 20021: 3646: 3632: 689: 9804: 9720: 1024:. With the exception of Mercury, the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. Kepler's laws only account for the influence of the Sun's gravity upon an orbiting body, not the gravitational pulls of different bodies upon each other. On a human time scale, these perturbations can be accounted for using 23072: 22811: 3013:) from the Sun and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (~1.8 ly). The Oort cloud is thought to be composed of comets that were ejected from the inner Solar System by gravitational interactions with the outer planets. Oort cloud objects move very slowly, and can be perturbed by infrequent events, such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the 2429:

planets. There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km (30 mi), but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth. Many Kuiper belt objects have satellites, and most have orbits that are substantially inclined (~10°) to the plane of the ecliptic.

830:. There is a small chance that another star will pass through the Solar System in the next few billion years. Although this could destabilize the system and eventually lead millions of years later to expulsion of planets, collisions of planets, or planets hitting the Sun, it would most likely leave the Solar System much as it is today. 2390:. It appears to consist overwhelmingly of many thousands of small worlds—the largest having a diameter only a fifth that of Earth and a mass far smaller than that of the Moon—composed mainly of rock and ice. This region is sometimes described as the "third zone of the Solar System", enclosing the inner and the outer Solar System. 4362: 4173:

and the asteroid belt (estimated to be 0.0005 Earth mass) for a total, rounded upwards, of ~37 Earth masses, or 8.1% of the mass in orbit around the Sun. With the combined masses of Uranus and Neptune (~31 Earth masses) subtracted, the remaining ~6 Earth masses of material comprise 1.3% of the total orbiting mass.

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stars than Mercury is to the Sun, a hypothesis has arisen that all planetary systems start with many close-in planets, and that typically a sequence of their collisions causes consolidation of mass into few larger planets, but in case of the Solar System the collisions caused their destruction and ejection.

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K. E.; Magnes, W.; McNutt, R. L.; Miller, J.; Moebius, E.; Mostafavi, P.; Opher, M.; Paxton, L.; Plaschke, F.; Poppe, A. R.; Roelof, E. C.; Runyon, K.; Redfield, S.; Schwadron, N.; Sterken, V.; Swaczyna, P.; Szalay, J.; Turner, D.; Vannier, H.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.; Wurz, P.; Zirnstein, E. J. (2023).

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possessed by all its moving components. Although the Sun dominates the system by mass, it accounts for only about 2% of the angular momentum. The planets, dominated by Jupiter, account for most of the rest of the angular momentum due to the combination of their mass, orbit, and distance from the Sun,

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Brandt, P. C.; Provornikova, E.; Bale, S. D.; Cocoros, A.; DeMajistre, R.; Dialynas, K.; Elliott, H. A.; Eriksson, S.; Fields, B.; Galli, A.; Hill, M. E.; Horanyi, M.; Horbury, T.; Hunziker, S.; Kollmann, P.; Kinnison, J.; Fountain, G.; Krimigis, S. M.; Kurth, W. S.; Linsky, J.; Lisse, C. M.; Mandt,

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The mass of the Solar System excluding the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn can be determined by adding together all the calculated masses for its largest objects and using rough calculations for the masses of the Oort cloud (estimated at roughly 3 Earth masses), the Kuiper belt (estimated at 0.1 Earth mass)

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The four outer planets, called giant planets or Jovian planets, collectively make up 99% of the mass known to orbit the Sun. All four giant planets have multiple moons and a ring system, although only Saturn's rings are easily observed from Earth. Jupiter and Saturn are composed mainly of gases with

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from the Sun, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It is thought to be remnants from the Solar System's formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitational interference of Jupiter. The asteroid belt contains tens of thousands, possibly millions, of objects over one kilometer

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Uncommonly, it has only small terrestrial and large gas giants; elsewhere planets of intermediate size are typical—both rocky and gas—so there is no "gap" as seen between the size of Earth and of Neptune (with a radius 3.8 times as large). As many of these super-Earths are closer to their respective

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that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four

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The composition of Mercury's exosphere, with its abundant H and He, clearly indicates a strong solar wind source. Once solar wind plasma and particles gain access to the magnetosphere, they predominantly precipitate to the surface, where solar wind species are neutralized, thermalized, and released

2779:, this boundary is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind. Here the solar wind collides with the interstellar medium and dramatically slows, condenses and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the 1068:

With a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object to the Sun. For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 AU farther out from the Sun than Mercury, whereas Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter,

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life combined. The Solar System will remain roughly as it is known today until the hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been entirely converted to helium, which will occur roughly 5 billion years from now. This will mark the end of the Sun's main-sequence life. At that time, the core of the Sun

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The expanding Sun is expected to vaporize Mercury as well as Venus, and render Earth and Mars uninhabitable (possibly destroying Earth as well). Eventually, the core will be hot enough for helium fusion; the Sun will burn helium for a fraction of the time it burned hydrogen in the core. The Sun is

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icy compounds to remain solid. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful than the metals and silicates that formed the terrestrial inner planets, allowing them to grow massive enough to capture large atmospheres of hydrogen and helium, the lightest and most abundant elements. Leftover

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Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar

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Much of the Solar System is still unknown. Areas beyond thousands of AU away are still virtually unmapped and learning about this region of space is difficult. Study in this region depends upon inferences from those few objects whose orbits happen to be perturbed such that they fall closer to the

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The Kuiper belt is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but consisting mainly of objects composed primarily of ice. It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun. It is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies, although the largest few are probably large enough to be dwarf

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from the early Sun; those objects closer to the Sun, which are more affected by heat and light pressure, are composed of elements with high melting points. Objects farther from the Sun are composed largely of materials with lower melting points. The boundary in the Solar System beyond which those

2922:. When passing through the Solar System, comets produce a trail of meteoroids; it is hypothesized that this is caused either by vaporization of the comet's material or by simple breakup of dormant comets. When crossing an atmosphere, these meteoroids will produce bright streaks in the sky due to 11851: 9529:

Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, Georgij A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, Jürgen; Stooke, Philip J.; Tedesco, Edward F.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Williams, Iwan P.

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One of the most striking features of Phobos, aside from its irregular shape, is its giant crater Stickney. Because Phobos is only 28 by 20 kilometers (17 by 12 mi), it must have been nearly shattered from the force of the impact that caused the giant crater. Grooves that extend across the

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orbit in this region. Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles, such as water, ammonia, and methane than those of the inner Solar System because the lower temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid,

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The radius of the Sun is 0.0047 AU (700,000 km; 400,000 mi). Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is

1375:. Coronal mass ejections and similar events blow a magnetic field and huge quantities of material from the surface of the Sun. The interaction of this magnetic field and material with Earth's magnetic field funnels charged particles into Earth's upper atmosphere, where its interactions create 3336:, gravitational instabilities, and radiation that could disrupt the Solar System, but since Earth stays in the Local Spur and therefore does not pass frequently through spiral arms, this has given Earth long periods of stability for life to evolve. However, according to the controversial 1142:

Besides solar energy, the primary characteristic of the Solar System enabling the presence of life is the heliosphere and planetary magnetic fields (for those planets that have them). These magnetic fields partially shield the Solar System from high-energy interstellar particles called

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from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitationally attracted each other, coalescing to form ever larger bodies. Hundreds of protoplanets may have existed in the early Solar System, but they either merged or were destroyed or ejected, leaving the planets, dwarf planets, and leftover

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again into the exosphere. Moreover, bombardment of the surface by solar wind particles, especially energetic ions, contributes to ejection of neutral species from the surface into the exosphere (via "sputtering") as well as other chemical and physical surface modification processes.

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Kuiper belt (that is, a Kuiper belt object not in a confirmed resonance with Neptune). Makemake is the brightest object in the Kuiper belt after Pluto. Discovered in 2005, it was officially named in 2009. Its orbit is far more inclined than Pluto's, at 29°. It has one known moon,

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is a theorized spherical shell of up to a trillion icy objects that is thought to be the source for all long-period comets. No direct observation of the Oort cloud is possible with present imaging technology. It is theorized to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU

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in dark, unpolluted skies. It may be generated by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by gravitational interactions with the planets; a more recent proposed origin is materials from planet Mars. The outer Solar System hosts a cosmic dust cloud. It extends from about

4350: 2310:(29.9–30.5 AU) is the furthest planet known in the Solar System. Its outer atmosphere has a slightly muted cyan color, with occasional storms on the surface that look like dark spots. Like Uranus, many atmospheric phenomena of Neptune are still unexplained, such as the 973:. Smaller icy objects such as comets frequently orbit at significantly greater angles to this plane. Most of the planets in the Solar System have secondary systems of their own, being orbited by natural satellites called moons. All of the largest natural satellites are in 2627:(38.3–97.5 AU) is the largest known scattered disc object and the most massive known dwarf planet. Eris's discovery contributed to a debate about the definition of a planet because it is 25% more massive than Pluto and about the same diameter. It has one known moon, 3951: 2808:

prevailing to the south, e.g. it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere. The heliopause is considered the beginning of the interstellar medium. Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the

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Marchi, S.; Raponi, A.; Prettyman, T. H.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Raymond, C. A.; Ammannito, E.; Bowling, T.; Ciarniello, M.; Kaplan, H.; Palomba, E.; Russell, C. T.; Vinogradoff, V.; Yamashita, N. (2018). "An aqueously altered carbon-rich Ceres".

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If the Sun–Neptune distance is scaled to 100 metres (330 ft), then the Sun would be about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter (roughly two-thirds the diameter of a golf ball), the giant planets would be all smaller than about 3 mm (0.12 in), and

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is Mars's outer moon. Like Phobos, it is irregularly shaped, with a mean radius of 6 km (4 mi) and its surface reflects little light. However, the surface of Deimos is noticeably smoother than Phobos because the regolith partially covers the impact

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Solid objects smaller than one meter are usually called meteoroids and micrometeoroids (grain-sized), with the exact division between the two categories being debated over the years. By 2017, the IAU designated any solid object having a diameter between

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Some objects in the Solar System have a very large orbit, and therefore are much less affected by the known giant planets than other minor planet populations. These bodies are called extreme trans-Neptunian objects, or ETNOs for short. Generally, ETNOs'

2524:(30.3–48.1 AU), is in the same 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune as Pluto, and is the largest such object after Pluto itself. Its eccentricity and inclination are similar to Pluto's, but its perihelion lies about 120° from that of Pluto. Thus, the 11859: 8726:

Margot, Jean-Luc; Peale, Stanton J.; Solomon, Sean C.; Hauck, Steven A.; Ghigo, Frank D.; Jurgens, Raymond F.; Yseboodt, Marie; Giorgini, Jon D.; Padovan, Sebastiano; Campbell, Donald B. (2012). "Mercury's moment of inertia from spin and gravity data".

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The scattered disc, which overlaps the Kuiper belt but extends out to near 500 AU, is thought to be the source of short-period comets. Scattered-disc objects are believed to have been perturbed into erratic orbits by the gravitational influence of

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will contract with hydrogen fusion occurring along a shell surrounding the inert helium, and the energy output will be greater than at present. The outer layers of the Sun will expand to roughly 260 times its current diameter, and the Sun will become a

2813:: a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way. Large objects outside the heliopause remain gravitationally bound to the sun, but the flow of matter in the interstellar medium homogenizes the distribution of micro-scale objects. 3515:

had theorized this about comets in the 1st century. Careful observations of the 1769 transit of Venus allowed astronomers to calculate the average Earth–Sun distance as 93,726,900 miles (150,838,800 km), only 0.8% greater than the modern value.

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and send many comets into the inner Solar System, producing collisions with potentially catastrophic implications for life on Earth. In this scenario, the intense radiation of the Galactic Center could interfere with the development of complex life.

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The heliosheath has been theorized to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind to possibly several thousands of AU. Evidence from the

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Alves, João; Zucker, Catherine; Goodman, Alyssa A.; Speagle, Joshua S.; Meingast, Stefan; Robitaille, Thomas; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Green, Gregory M. (23 January 2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood".

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Buie, M. W.; Millis, R. L.; Wasserman, L. H.; Elliot, J. L.; Kern, S. D.; Clancy, K. B.; Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Meech, K. J.; Wagner, R. M.; Trilling, D. E. (2005). "Procedures, Resources and Selected Results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey".

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closer to the Sun by the outer planets, and are expected to become comets or get ejected out of the Solar System. While most centaurs are inactive and asteroid-like, some exhibit clear cometary activity, such as the first centaur discovered,

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Swaczyna, Paweł; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Möbius, Eberhard; Bzowski, Maciej; Frisch, Priscilla C.; Linsky, Jeffrey L.; McComas, David J.; Rahmanifard, Fatemeh; Redfield, Seth; Winslow, Réka M.; Wood, Brian E.; Zank, Gary P. (1 October 2022).

12861:; Van Dam, M.A.; Bouchez, A.H.; Le Mignant, D.; Campbell, R.D.; Chin, J.C.Y.; Conrad, A.; Hartman, S.K.; Johansson, E.M.; Lafon, R.E.; Rabinowitz, D.L. Rabinowitz; Stomski, P.J. Jr.; Summers, D.M.; Trujillo, C.A.; Wizinowich, P.L. (2006). 2579:(41.9–45.5 AU) is the second-largest known object in the classical Kuiper belt, after Makemake. Its orbit is significantly less eccentric and inclined than those of Makemake or Haumea. It possesses a ring system and one known moon, 14496:

Reisenfeld, Daniel B.; Bzowski, Maciej; Funsten, Herbert O.; Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Janzen, Paul H.; Kubiak, Marzena A.; McComas, David J.; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Sokół, Justyna M.; Zimorino, Alex; Zirnstein, Eric J. (1 June 2021).

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Short-period comets have orbits lasting less than two hundred years. Long-period comets have orbits lasting thousands of years. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper belt, whereas long-period comets, such as

704:. This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. As is typical of molecular clouds, this one consisted mostly of hydrogen, with some helium, and small amounts of heavier elements 1685:

is Mars's inner moon. It is a small, irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of 11 km (7 mi). Its surface is very unreflective and dominated by impact craters. In particular, Phobos's surface has a very large

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Snodgrass, Colin; Agarwal, Jessica; Combi, Michael; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie; Hsieh, Henry H.; Hui, Man-To; Jehin, Emmanuel; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Knight, Matthew M.; Opitom, Cyrielle (November 2017).

1344:. This stream spreads outwards at speeds from 900,000 kilometres per hour (560,000 mph) to 2,880,000 kilometres per hour (1,790,000 mph), filling the vacuum between the bodies of the Solar System. The result is a 9358:; Grundy, Will; Sykes, Mark; Stern, Alan; Bell, James; Detelich, Charlene; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2021), "Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science", 12619:

Stansberry, John; Grundy, Will; Brown, Mike; Cruikshank, Dale; Spencer, John; Trilling, David; Margot, Jean-Luc (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope".

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in diameter. Despite this, the total mass of the asteroid belt is unlikely to be more than a thousandth of that of Earth. The asteroid belt is very sparsely populated; spacecraft routinely pass through without incident.

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Sun, and even then, detecting these objects has often been possible only when they happened to become bright enough to register as comets. Many objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions.

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resides) at a distance of 26,660 light-years, orbiting at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms. If it orbited close to the center, gravitational tugs from nearby stars could perturb bodies in the

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and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This region is within the

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Watters, Thomas R.; Solomon, Sean C.; Robinson, Mark S.; Head, James W.; André, Sarah L.; Hauck, Steven A.; Murchie, Scott L. (August 2009). "The tectonics of Mercury: The view after MESSENGER's first flyby".

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Mejías, Andrea; Minniti, Dante; Alonso-García, Javier; Beamín, Juan Carlos; Saito, Roberto K.; Solano, Enrique (2022). "VVVX near-IR photometry for 99 low-mass stars in the Gaia EDR3 Catalog of Nearby Stars".

2631:. Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, with a perihelion of 38.2 AU (roughly Pluto's distance from the Sun) and an aphelion of 97.6 AU, and steeply inclined to the ecliptic plane at an angle of 44°. 5332:. Washington D.C.: Space Studies Board, Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Academies Press. 1990. pp. 21–33. 3063:

with respect to the galactic nucleus, the effective range of its gravitational influence, is thought to extend up to a thousand times farther and encompasses the hypothetical Oort cloud. It was calculated by

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Mamajek, Eric E.; Barenfeld, Scott A.; Ivanov, Valentin D.; Kniazev, Alexei Y.; Väisänen, Petri; Beletsky, Yuri; Boffin, Henri M. J. (February 2015). "The Closest Known Flyby of a Star to the Solar System".

2165:, which orbit inside or close to Saturn's rings. A moonlet can only partially clear out dust in their orbit, while the ring shepherds are able to completely clear out dust, forming visible gaps in the rings. 2875:

orbits may originate outside the Solar System, but determining their precise orbits is difficult. Old comets whose volatiles have mostly been driven out by solar warming are often categorized as asteroids.

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is the largest to orbit in the opposite, retrograde manner. Most larger objects rotate around their own axes in the prograde direction relative to their orbit, though the rotation of Venus is retrograde.

1663:. Mars has an atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, with surface pressure 0.6% of that of Earth, which is sufficient to support some weather phenomena. Its surface is peppered with volcanoes and 801:

into different orbits. This led to dynamical instability of the entire system, which scattered the planetisimals and ultimately placed the gas giants in their current positions. During this period, the

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of Orcus's orbit is opposite to Pluto's: Orcus is at aphelion (most recently in 2019) around when Pluto is at perihelion (most recently in 1989) and vice versa. For this reason, it has been called the

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do not have a definite surface, as they are mainly composed of gases and liquids. Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and nearly 90% of the remaining mass is in Jupiter and Saturn.

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Some meteoroids formed via disintegration of comets and asteroids, while a few formed via impact debris ejected from planetary bodies. Most meteoroids are made of silicates and heavier metals like

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could be enriched with these atoms. The oldest stars contain few metals, whereas stars born later have more. This higher metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun's development of a

984:, planets and most other objects orbit the Sun in the same direction that the Sun is rotating. That is, counter-clockwise, as viewed from above Earth's north pole. There are exceptions, such as 17890: 18136: 3801: 841:

The Sun's main-sequence phase, from beginning to end, will last about 10 billion years for the Sun compared to around two billion years for all other subsequent phases of the Sun's pre-

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caused it to rotate faster. The center, where most of the mass collected, became increasingly hotter than the surroundings. As the contracting nebula spun faster, it began to flatten into a

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are in a 3:2 resonance with Jupiter; that is, they go around the Sun three times for every two Jovian orbits. They lie in three linked clusters between Jupiter and the main asteroid belt.

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orbiting around its equator, which is composed of small ice and rock particles. Like Jupiter, it is mostly made of hydrogen and helium. At its north and south poles, Saturn has peculiar

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in the interstellar medium roughly 300 light-years across. The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma, suggesting that it may be the product of several recent supernovae.

1852:(2.55–2.98 AU) is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt. It is the largest object in the belt, with a diameter of 940 km (580 mi). Its surface contains a mixture of 10192:

Bolin, Bryce T.; Ahumada, T.; van Dokkum, P.; Fremling, C.; Granvik, M.; Hardegree-Ullmann, K. K.; Harikane, Y.; Purdum, J. N.; Serabyn, E.; Southworth, J.; Zhai, C. (November 2022).

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The giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed further out, beyond the frost line, the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for

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in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, nor the asteroid belts have been discovered yet. Orbits of planets are drawn to scale, but the orbits of moons and the size of bodies are not.

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Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years. This revolution is known as the Solar System's

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Torres, S.; Cai, M. X.; Brown, A. G. A.; Portegies Zwart, S. (September 2019). "Galactic tide and local stellar perturbations on the Oort cloud: creation of interstellar comets".

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not massive enough to commence the fusion of heavier elements, and nuclear reactions in the core will dwindle. Its outer layers will be ejected into space, leaving behind a dense

22651: 4160:, abbreviated AU, is equal to 150,000,000 km; 93,000,000 mi. This is what the distance from the Earth to the Sun would be if the planet's orbit were perfectly circular. 2734:(76.2–937 AU) was the first extreme trans-Neptunian object to be discovered. It is a large, reddish object, and it takes ~11,400 years for Sedna to complete one orbit. 17837: 14427:

Kornbleuth, M.; Opher, M.; Baliukin, I.; Gkioulidou, M.; Richardson, J. D.; Zank, G. P.; Michael, A. T.; Tóth, G.; Tenishev, V.; Izmodenov, V.; Alexashov, D. (1 December 2021).

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Vorobyov, Eduard I. (March 2011). "Embedded Protostellar Disks Around (Sub-)Solar Stars. II. Disk Masses, Sizes, Densities, Temperatures, and the Planet Formation Perspective".

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Elements of Natural Philosophy ... To which are added. Some Thoughts concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman. By the same author. With prefatory remarks by P. Des Maizeaux

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Durda, D .D.; Stern, S. A.; Colwell, W. B.; Parker, J. W.; Levison, H. F.; Hassler, D. M. (2004). "A New Observational Search for Vulcanoids in SOHO/LASCO Coronagraph Images".

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Hussmann, Hauke; Sohl, Frank; Spohn, Tilman (November 2006). "Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and large trans-neptunian objects".

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and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field change on very long timescales, so the level of cosmic-ray penetration in the Solar System varies, though by how much is unknown.

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were of the same object, returning regularly once every 75–76 years. This was the first evidence that anything other than the planets repeatedly orbited the Sun, though

19936: 19510: 16664: 9138: 15988:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60 Fe Accretion*" 11726: 7861: 7310: 20949: 6810: 2716:

ETNOs, with perihelia approximately between 40–45 and 50–60 AU, are less affected by Neptune than the scattered ETNOs, but are still relatively close to Neptune. The

15857:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60Fe Accretion" 4061: 4007: 2057:(4.95–5.46 AU) is the biggest and most massive planet in the Solar System. On the surface, there are orange-brown and white cloud bands moving via the principles of 19906: 14405: 9308: 7455:

Langner, U. W.; Potgieter, M. S. (2005). "Effects of the position of the solar wind termination shock and the heliopause on the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays".

4034: 3980: 3669: 4375:—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".) 17749: 9239: 2930:. If a stream of meteoroids enter the atmosphere on parallel trajectories, the meteors will seemingly 'radiate' from a point in the sky, hence the phenomenon's name: 19707: 15491: 10198: 4767:

Mumma, M. J.; Disanti, M. A.; Dello Russo, N.; et al. (2003). "Remote infrared observations of parent volatiles in comets: A window on the early solar system".

4705: 8124:

Lineweaver, Charles H. (9 March 2001). "An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect".

4199:

Lurie, John C.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; et al. (2014). "The Solar neighborhood. XXXIV. A search for planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs using astrometry".

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since the 1960s. By 1989, all eight planets have been visited by space probes. Probes have returned samples from comets and asteroids, as well as flown through the

2797:

spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field, but the actual shape remains unknown.

1550:

by the solar wind, which suggests that its atmosphere is sustained by volcanic activity. Its surface displays extensive evidence of volcanic activity with stagnant

766:. As helium accumulates at its core, the Sun is growing brighter; early in its main-sequence life its brightness was 70% that of what it is today. The temperature, 1762:, asteroids between the orbit of Mercury and the Sun, have been discovered. As of 2024, one asteroid has been discovered to orbit completely within Venus's orbit, 17011: 11598: 3217: 23119: 13953:

Kiss, Csaba; Marton, Gábor; Farkas-Takács, Anikó; Stansberry, John; Müller, Thomas; Vinkó, József; Balog, Zoltán; Ortiz, Jose-Luis; Pál, András (16 March 2017).

7397: 3228:

of the Sun some ~70 thousands years ago, likely passing through the outer Oort cloud. There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within

4588: 2478:

with Neptune, meaning that Pluto orbits twice around the Sun for every three Neptunian orbits. Kuiper belt objects whose orbits share this resonance are called

18062:"Quiz - Is Pluto A Planet? - Who doesn't love Pluto? It shares a name with the Roman god of the underworld and a Disney dog. But is it a planet? - Interactive" 12736: 10318: 15738: 12487: 7433: 7113:

Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012). "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits".

850:. Because of its increased surface area, the surface of the Sun will be cooler (2,600 K (4,220 °F) at its coolest) than it is on the main sequence. 17867: 9710: 3100: 2608: 977:, with one face permanently turned toward their parent. The four giant planets have planetary rings, thin discs of tiny particles that orbit them in unison. 17244: 16796: 11146:

Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; Brož, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).

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Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; Brož, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).

4644:

Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Millis, R. L.; et al. (2003). "Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances".

2542:(34.6–51.6 AU) was discovered in 2005. It is in a temporary 7:12 orbital resonance with Neptune. Haumea possesses a ring system, two known moons named 1313:. Elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were formed in the cores of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the 17422: 8366: 10557: 5365:

Boss, A. P.; Durisen, R. H. (2005). "Chondrule-forming Shock Fronts in the Solar Nebula: A Possible Unified Scenario for Planet and Chondrite Formation".

4813: 928:

The Sun is composed of roughly 98% hydrogen and helium, as are Jupiter and Saturn. A composition gradient exists in the Solar System, created by heat and

13395: 10765:

Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Park, R. S.; Preusker, F.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T. (November 2017).

3534:

was identified as a planet some years later, in 1846, thanks to its gravitational pull causing a slight but detectable variation in the orbit of Uranus.

3530:, an apparent shift in the position of a star created by Earth's motion around the Sun, providing the first direct, experimental proof of heliocentrism. 10928: 20962: 14604: 8913: 8700: 8465:(2020). "The Inner Solar System's Habitability Through Time". In Meadows, Victoria S.; Arney, Giada N.; Schmidt, Britney; Des Marais, David J. (eds.). 1524:

plains similar to the Moon. It is likely that Mercury has a silicate crust and a large iron core. Mercury has a very tenuous atmosphere, consisting of

17142:

Athreya, A.; Gingerich, O. (December 1996). "An Analysis of Kepler's Rudolphine Tables and Implications for the Reception of His Physical Astronomy".

9832: 5260:

estimates of disk radii in the Taurus and Ophiuchus star forming regions lie in a wide range between 50 AU and 1000 AU, with a median value of 200 AU.

1158:

of the Solar System is conventionally located in the inner Solar System, where planetary surface or atmospheric temperatures admit the possibility of

20830: 16382: 15426: 11575: 6026: 5951: 5881: 5343: 4948: 4903: 2971: 2249:

is >90°. This gives the planet extreme seasonal variation as each pole points toward and then away from the Sun. Uranus's outer layer has a muted

12563: 9781: 7493: 743:

Due to their higher boiling points, only metals and silicates could exist in solid form in the warm inner Solar System close to the Sun (within the

20942: 19943: 13210: 9699: 8281: 5918: 3664: 3522:, having occasionally been observed since 1690 and possibly from antiquity, was recognized to be a planet orbiting beyond Saturn by 1783. In 1838, 2100:. They orbit substantially closer to Jupiter than other satellites. Materials from these natural satellites are the source of Jupiter's faint ring. 1186:

Compared to many extrasolar systems, the Solar System stands out in lacking planets interior to the orbit of Mercury. The known Solar System lacks

911: 14782: 12938:

Chiang, E.I.; Jordan, A.B.; Millis, R.L.; Buie, M.W.; Wasserman, L.H.; Elliot, J.L.; Kern, S.D.; Trilling, D.E.; Meech, K.J.; et al. (2003).

10608: 8439: 5176: 20837: 17530: 15601:

Pfalzner, Susanne; Govind, Amith; Zwart, Simon Portegies (September 2024). "Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer Solar System".

15344: 14375: 10864: 4742: 2637:(33.8–101.2 AU) is a dwarf planet in a comparable orbit to Eris, except that it is in a 3:10 resonance with Neptune. It has one known moon, 2366:, which has been classified as a comet (95P) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun. The largest known centaur, 1116:, 912 km (567 mi) away.. At that scale, the distance to Proxima Centauri would be roughly 8 times further than the Moon is from Earth. 14840: 12286: 11161: 10965: 1919:. Not much is known about Pallas because it has never been visited by a spacecraft, though its surface is predicted to be composed of silicates. 15528: 15463: 14964: 13276: 11950:

Sremčević, Miodrag; Schmidt, Jürgen; Salo, Heikki; Seiß, Martin; Spahn, Frank; Albers, Nicole (2007). "A belt of moonlets in Saturn's A ring".

10707: 9412: 8250: 4087:, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Solar System" and "solar system" structures in their 2911:

and 1 meter as meteoroids, and depreciated the micrometeoroid categorization, instead terms smaller particles simply as 'dust particles'.

2382:", with the doughnut-shaped Kuiper belt, home of Pluto and several other dwarf planets, and an overlapping disc of scattered objects, which is 9854: 7371: 6464: 6006: 3476: 22848: 19495: 12798: 8974: 7177: 3353: 2558:

of Kuiper belt objects that share similar orbits, which suggests a giant impact on Haumea ejected fragments into space billions of years ago.

1069:

and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus. Attempts have been made to determine a relationship between these orbital distances, like the

16832: 15259: 15038: 10434: 9949: 9664: 6651: 6576:

Levison, Harold F.; Duncan, Martin J. (1997). "From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets".

6426: 11882: 10635: 9173: 8005: 7655: 6290: 2229:

Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than the objects listed above.

1788:

are those with perhihelia above 1.3 AU which cross the orbit of Mars. As of 2024, NASA lists 26,182 confirmed Mars-crossing asteroids,

16198:

McKee, Christopher F.; Parravano, Antonio; Hollenbach, David J. (November 2015). "Stars, Gas, and Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood".

9269: 8548: 6073: 20959: 20935: 19640: 17370: 14702: 14503: 8939: 7558: 3155:, although it is not clear if it is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud or if it lies just outside the cloud's edge. Multiple other 1088:

attempt to convey the relative scales involved in the Solar System in human terms. Some are small in scale (and may be mechanical—called

981: 678: 453: 18222: 17270:. Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy, Proceedings of IAU Colloquium #196, held 7–11 June 2004 in Preston, U.K. 14250: 10898: 10290:

Morbidelli, A.; Bottke, W.F.; Froeschlé, Ch.; Michel, P. (January 2002). W.F. Bottke Jr.; A. Cellino; P. Paolicchi; R.P. Binzel (eds.).

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Gatling, David C.; Leovy, Conway (2007). "Mars Atmosphere: History and Surface Interactions". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).

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and that of the coolest stars. Stars brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare, whereas substantially dimmer and cooler stars, known as

1012:, which causes the body's distance from the Sun to vary over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its 20171: 17214: 13608: 10235: 9476: 6523:; Morbidelli, A. (27 November 2003). "The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune's migration". 2602:

The orbital eccentricities and inclinations of the scattered disc population compared to the classical and resonant Kuiper belt objects

2470:(29.7–49.3 AU) is the largest known object in the Kuiper belt. Pluto has a relatively eccentric orbit, inclined 17 degrees to the 1137: 18455: 17829: 13832: 13336: 11491: 9975: 6198: 3405:. Using a heliocentric model that improved upon Copernicus by allowing orbits to be elliptical, and the precise observational data of 2126:

Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than objects listed above.

1758:

within the orbit of Mercury. At least 362 are known to date, and include the closest objects to the Sun known in the Solar System. No

762:

Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the center of the protostar became great enough for it to begin

19406: 17798: 14804: 3491: 1052:

To-scale diagram of distance between planets, with the white bar showing orbital variations. The size of the planets is not to scale.

11259: 10139:

Steffl, A. J.; Cunningham, N. J.; Shinn, A. B.; Stern, S. A. (2013). "A Search for Vulcanoids with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager".

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If the Moon were only 1 Pixel: A Tediously Accurate Map of the Solar System (web based scroll map scaled to the Moon being 1 pixel)

16901: 16617: 13578: 13365: 12256: 9149: 3485: 16972: 12990: 12913: 12389:

Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".

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Inner satellites, which orbit inside Uranus's ring system. They are very close to each other, which suggest that their orbits are

20549: 17976: 13912:

Dumas, C.; Merlin, F.; Barucci, M. A.; de Bergh, C.; Hainault, O.; Guilbert, A.; Vernazza, P.; Doressoundiram, A. (August 2007).

7865: 4875: 2046:. Icy substances comprise the majority of the satellites of the giant planets and small objects that lie beyond Neptune's orbit. 894:. Since the discovery of the Kuiper belt, the outermost parts of the Solar System are considered a distinct region consisting of 18033: 5604:

Shaviv, Nir J. (2003). "Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind".

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from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is

19561: 19206: 19191: 19171: 18477: 18424: 17680: 13469: 11002: 5499:

Yi, Sukyoung; Demarque, Pierre; Kim, Yong-Cheol; et al. (2001). "Toward Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The

4268: 3092: 1751: 18473: 18458: 14397: 14190: 13802: 13768: 11389:

Christou, Apostolos A.; Wiegert, Paul (January 2012). "A population of main belt asteroids co-orbiting with Ceres and Vesta".

10347: 10268: 1954:

population is roughly equal to that of the asteroid belt. After Jupiter, Neptune possesses the most confirmed trojans, at 28.

23008: 22683: 19505: 19238: 19201: 19196: 18467: 18016: 17775: 17462: 17106: 17079: 16650: 15777: 13499: 13428: 13322: 12088: 11685: 9451: 9118: 9109: 8322: 8200: 7951: 7536: 6857: 6626: 6501: 6377: 5438: 4409: 4358: 2370:, has a diameter of about 250 km (160 mi) and is one of the only few minor planets known to possess a ring system. 1833:

Below are the descriptions of the three largest bodies in the asteroid belt. They are all considered to be relatively intact

17468: 14899:

Jorgensen, J. L.; Benn, M.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Denver, T.; Jorgensen, P. S.; Andersen, A. C.; Bolton, S. J. (March 2021).

14162: 13103: 12589: 12114: 12051: 11236:

Barucci, M. A.; Kruikshank, D. P.; Mottola, S.; Lazzarin, M. (2002). "Physical Properties of Trojan and Centaur Asteroids".

9890: 9231: 9059: 8843: 7542: 4555: 4525: 1270:. Hotter main-sequence stars are more luminous but shorter lived. The Sun's temperature is intermediate between that of the 19931: 19868: 19522: 19243: 19181: 19176: 18466: 17741: 14429:"The Development of a Split-tail Heliosphere and the Role of Non-ideal Processes: A Comparison of the BU and Moscow Models" 13748:

Gomes, R. S.; Fernández, J. A.; Gallardo, T.; Brunini, A. (2008). "The Scattered Disk: Origins, Dynamics, and End States".

12509:

Soderblom, L. A.; Kieffer, S. W.; Becker, T. L.; Brown, R. H.; Cook, A. F. II; Hansen, C. J.; Johnson, T. V.; Kirk, R. L.;

3679: 3117:

and surrounding stars. As of 2022, the precise location of the Solar System in the clouds is an open question in astronomy.

2387: 1001: 22958: 18464: 18461: 18457: 18453: 9596: 6403: 4110: 23013: 20085: 19186: 18256: 8617: 7975: 6763: 3946:{\displaystyle \cos \psi =\cos(\beta _{g})\cos(\beta _{e})\cos(\alpha _{g}-\alpha _{e})+\sin(\beta _{g})\sin(\beta _{e})} 3378:

of the universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the

3036: 2989: 1730:, refractory rocky and metallic minerals, with some ice. They range from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in size. 1025: 700:

The Solar System formed at least 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large

20975: 18471: 18463: 22658: 21977: 18460: 17609: 17416: 17005: 16443: 14340:"Model of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium: Numerical solution of self-consistent problem" 13762: 12778: 11720: 9823:"Why the 'Super Weird' Moons of Mars Fascinate Scientists - What's the big deal about little Phobos and tinier Deimos?" 9626: 9302: 8492: 6994: 5337: 4327: 3274:

containing more than 100 billion stars. The Sun is part of one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the

1504:(0.31–0.59 AU from the Sun) is the smallest planet in the Solar System. Its surface is grayish, with an expansive 18478: 18474: 14876:

Meteors in the Earth's Atmosphere: Meteoroids and Cosmic Dust and Their Interactions with the Earth's Upper Atmosphere

12162: 11032: 7401: 6686: 4091: 19334: 19307: 18469: 16323: 15800: 15069: 14883: 13963: 11897: 11609: 10736: 10370: 7753: 7042: 6906: 6796: 5792: 4596: 2344: 12728: 10291: 10194:"The discovery and characterization of (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim, a kilometre sized asteroid inside the orbit of Venus" 1380: 20668: 19722: 18479: 18153: 17316: 15728: 12479: 10767:"Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft" 10579:

McCord, Thomas B.; McFadden, Lucy A.; Russell, Christopher T.; Sotin, Christophe; Thomas, Peter C. (7 March 2006).

7425: 5505: 4495: 4439: 4127: 4080: 3756:

million years, and is thought to be the date of the formation of the first solid material in the collapsing nebula.

3535: 3202: 716: 18274: 17859: 17236: 15281:

Batygin, Konstantin; Adams, Fred C.; Brown, Michael E.; Becker, Juliette C. (2019). "The Planet Nine Hypothesis".

13521:

Noviello, Jessica L.; Desch, Stephen J.; Neveu, Marc; Proudfoot, Benjamin C. N.; Sonnett, Sarah (September 2022).

10061: 9707: 8788:

Domingue, Deborah L.; Koehn, Patrick L.; et al. (2009). "Mercury's Atmosphere: A Surface-Bounded Exosphere".

3401:

Heliocentrism did not triumph immediately over geocentrism, but the work of Copernicus had its champions, notably

3362:

The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.

2709: 2353:

are greater than Jupiter's and less than Neptune's (between 5.5 and 30 AU). These are former Kuiper belt and

2207:(trojans of Dione). These small moons share their orbits with Tethys and Dione, leading or trailing behind either. 751:

materials only comprised a small fraction of the solar nebula, the terrestrial planets could not grow very large.

22370: 20486: 18342: 18180: 17035: 16925:"The Alvarez Impact Theory of Mass Extinction; Limits to its Applicability and the "Great Expectations Syndrome"" 16563:

Kaib, Nathan A.; Quinn, Thomas (September 2008). "The formation of the Oort cloud in open cluster environments".

11748:

Anderson, J.D.; Johnson, T.V.; Shubert, G.; et al. (2005). "Amalthea's Density Is Less Than That of Water".

11183: 8394: 6896: 5606: 5014: 4156:

The scale of the Solar System is sufficiently large that astronomers use a custom unit to express distances. The

4130:'s Minor Planet Center has yet to officially list Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna as dwarf planets as of 2024. 2437: 822:

orbits around the Sun. Although the Solar System has been fairly stable for billions of years, it is technically

19250: 14901:"Distribution of Interplanetary Dust Detected by the Juno Spacecraft and Its Contribution to the Zodiacal Light" 8358: 8336: 1763: 1174: 759:

debris that never became planets congregated in regions such as the asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, and Oort cloud.

22663: 22300: 22284: 21319: 20164: 19901: 19317: 19151: 14626:

Sekanina, Zdeněk (2001). "Kreutz sungrazers: the ultimate case of cometary fragmentation and disintegration?".

11799:

Burns, J. A.; Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton, D. P.; et al. (1999). "The Formation of Jupiter's Faint Rings".

10549: 4465: 3121:

Within 10 light-years of the Sun there are relatively few stars, the closest being the triple star system

3105: 3029: 2794: 2651: 2350: 1976: 1872:. Ceres has a very thin water vapor atmosphere, but practically speaking it is indistinguishable from a vacuum. 1462: 989: 748: 257: 15229: 15166:

Stern SA, Weissman PR (2001). "Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud".

13391: 12761:

Tegler, Stephen C. (2007). "Kuiper Belt Objects: Physical Studies". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).

11545: 4821: 3193:, before dissolving into co-moving associations. A prominent grouping that is visible to the naked eye is the 2898: 1623:

is Earth's only natural satellite. Its diameter is one-quarter the size of Earth's. Its surface is covered in

969:

The planets and other large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, known as the

22928: 22710: 22577: 20772: 19426: 19322: 12514: 10920: 5330:

Strategy for the Detection and Study of Other Planetary Systems and Extrasolar Planetary Materials: 1990–2000

5168: 3674: 1950:, 60° behind in its orbit. Every planet except Mercury and Saturn is known to possess at least 1 trojan. The 1838: 827: 20: 19839: 18376: 14596: 8866: 8704: 6930:

Lecar, Myron; Franklin, Fred A.; Holman, Matthew J.; Murray, Norman J. (2001). "Chaos in the Solar System".

3340:, the changing position of the Solar System relative to other parts of the Milky Way could explain periodic 3216:

Stellar flybys that pass within 0.8 light-years of the Sun occur roughly once every 100,000 years. The

23003: 22834: 22693: 22644: 22619: 21912: 20438: 19926: 19481: 19461: 19356: 14570: 9822: 7025:

Marochnik, L.; Mukhin, L. (1995). "Is Solar System Evolution Cometary Dominated?". In Shostak, G.S. (ed.).

3539: 3480:

of 1687, demonstrated that celestial bodies are not quintessentially different from Earthly ones: the same

3329: 2433: 1779: 1209:

and partly with long interactions of a quite high number of planets, the exact causes remain undetermined.

1155: 907: 19844: 18476: 18061: 15487:"Twisted extreme trans-Neptunian orbital parameter space: statistically significant asymmetries confirmed" 13211:"Autoresonant (nonstationary) excitation of pendulums, Plutinos, plasmas, and other nonlinear oscillators" 11567: 1387:, a spiral form created by the actions of the Sun's rotating magnetic field on the interplanetary medium. 1235:), which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, produces temperatures and densities in its 1201:

The orbits of Solar System planets are nearly circular. Compared to many other systems, they have smaller

774:

was achieved: the thermal pressure counterbalancing the force of gravity. At this point, the Sun became a

22634: 22614: 20001: 19527: 19456: 19421: 18454: 18448: 18230: 17311: 15642: 14663: 14198: 13218: 12653:

Braga-Ribas, F.; et al. (April 2014). "A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo".

9789: 4405: 4140: 3684: 3553:

In the 20th century, humans began their space exploration around the Solar System, starting with placing

2295:. Most of them have a roughly equal amounts rock and ice, except Miranda, which is made primarily of ice. 1569: 46: 21997: 19441: 18089: 13243: 9937:

It thus appears smoother than Phobos because its craters lie partially buried under this loose material.

9693: 8273: 7503: 5876: 2724:

objects, with perihelia beyond 50–60 AU, are too far from Neptune to be strongly influenced by it.

2614:

Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that two of the bodies in the scattered disc are

23109: 23026: 22698: 22629: 22599: 20915: 20823: 20605: 20397: 19916: 19717: 19600: 19583: 19549: 18475: 18417: 14746: 11677: 11209:

Feierberg, M. A.; Larson, H. P.; Lebofsky, L. A. (1982). "The 3 Micron Spectrum of Asteroid 2 Pallas".

10580: 8431: 7939: 7457: 3659: 3481: 3258:

Diagram of the Milky Way, with galactic features and the relative position of the Solar System labeled.

3206: 3096: 2188:. They are all composed mostly of water ice and are believed to have differentiated internal structure. 1384: 18204: 16741:

Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; et al. (May 2019).

15394: 14275:"Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe" 10853: 4700: 4294: 3507:

used it to refer to the Sun, planets, and comets. In 1705, Halley realized that repeated sightings of

2314:'s abnormally high temperature or the strong tilt (47°) of its magnetosphere. As of 2024, Neptune has 1004:

describe the orbits of objects around the Sun. These laws stipulate that each object travels along an

806:

suggests that a final inward migration of Jupiter dispersed much of the asteroid belt, leading to the

22705: 22582: 22559: 22141: 21590: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21565: 21045: 21019: 20844: 20661: 20626: 20619: 20466: 20157: 19759: 19734: 19544: 18172: 17491: 17339: 16688: 16473: 16200: 15992: 15861: 14433: 14094: 13636: 12870: 12797:

Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Buie, M. W.; Benecchi, S. D.; Ragozzine, D.; Roe, H. G. (December 2018).

12282: 11147: 11095:

Schenk, P.; et al. (2012). "The Geologically Recent Giant Impact Basins at Vesta's South Pole".

10951: 10375: 9416: 8982:

Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM

8087: 7893: 7808: 7585: 7115: 7060: 6493: 6487: 6226: 5367: 4551: 4521: 4491: 4100: 4084: 2938: 2889: 2844: 2509: 1723: 1672: 1409: 1271: 1263: 1252: 1182:

for different stellar temperatures, with a sample of known exoplanets plus the Earth, Mars, and Venus

1105: 934: 917: 744: 607: 485: 320: 313: 18472: 17268:

Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree, and the Lancashire observations of the transit of Venus of 1639

16856:"The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: a review" 16378:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au" 15486: 15421: 14956: 14848: 13268: 10658: 10494:"The Statistical Asteroid Model. I. The Main-Belt Population for Diameters Greater than 1 Kilometer" 9864: 8749: 8645: 8158: 7751:

Volk, Kathryn; Gladman, Brett (2015). "Consolidating and Crushing Exoplanets: Did it happen here?".

5877:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au" 4789: 2708:

of more than 0.85. As with the regular scattered disc objects, they were likely formed as result of

1882:(2.13–3.41 AU) is the second-largest object in the asteroid belt. Its fragments survive as the 858:, half the original mass of the Sun but only the size of Earth. The ejected outer layers may form a 22934: 22896: 21848: 21722: 21357: 20867: 20633: 20050: 19655: 14995: 14987: 13018: 12947: 12770: 11056:"Mineralogical records of early planetary processes on the HED parent body with reference to Vesta" 8242: 7375: 7169: 6456: 5119:(2010). "The age of the Solar System redefined by the oldest Pb–Pb age of a meteoritic inclusion". 4646: 3395: 3294: 3182:), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. All these structures are part of the 3152: 3110: 2690: 2669: 2358: 2066: 1635:, are formed from past volcanic activity. The Moon's atmosphere is extremely thin, consisting of a 1262:

Because the Sun fuses hydrogen at its core, it is a main-sequence star. More specifically, it is a

1239:

high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This releases an enormous amount of

1074: 732: 73: 18194: 16824: 12354:

Duncan, Martin J.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1997). "Orbital Stability of the Uranian Satellite System".

11637:

Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".

8985: 2386:

of the Solar System and reaches much further out than the Kuiper belt. The entire region is still

2226:. In particular, Titan is the only satellite in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere. 1231:

The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900

747:). They would eventually form the rocky planets of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Because these 22624: 22375: 22174: 22084: 22044: 22026: 21952: 21523: 21449: 20728: 20514: 20373: 20352: 20311: 20275: 20243: 19739: 19566: 19213: 19117: 19024: 18724: 18574: 18465: 18456: 17344: 15063:

Bernardinelli, Pedro H.; Bernstein, Gary M.; Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (1 November 2021).

13858: 13303: 11483: 10467: 10406:

C. A. Angeli - D. Lazzaro (2002). "Spectral properties of Mars-crossers and near-Earth objects".

9953: 9672: 9443: 6847: 6430: 4039: 3985: 3313: 3194: 2848: 2634: 2450:, (and has since been named Albion); they are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits. 2404: 2147: 2058: 2031: 1929: 1865: 1785: 1769: 771: 755: 737: 618:(just outside Neptune's orbit). Six planets, seven dwarf planets, and other bodies have orbiting 587: 575: 465: 241: 17951: 15251: 11903: 10631: 9177: 8304: 7997: 7943: 7639: 6617:; Schneider, Nicholas; Voit, Mark (2020). "4.5 Orbits, Tides, and the Acceleration of Gravity". 6301: 6263:

Morbidelli, Alessandro (2005). "Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs".

4012: 3958: 2598: 2453:

Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that five members of the Kuiper belt are

782:

and swept away the remaining gas and dust from the protoplanetary disc into interstellar space.

23114: 22785: 22765: 22537: 22532: 22430: 22325: 22274: 22079: 22069: 21742: 21540: 21508: 21399: 21382: 20979: 20781: 20654: 20647: 20570: 20364: 19744: 19682: 19630: 19620: 19605: 19556: 19416: 19346: 18762: 18450: 12510: 9532:"Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006" 9261: 8867:"The deep atmosphere of Venus and the possible role of density-driven separation of CO2 and N2" 8744: 8640: 8512: 8153: 6065: 4784: 3603: 3366:

Humanity's knowledge of the Solar System has grown incrementally over the centuries. Up to the

3210: 3043:). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 2981: 2963: 2776: 2693:

orbits the Sun once every ~32,000 years, with a distance of 65–2000 AU from the Sun.

2379: 1967: 1714: 1656: 1651:(1.38–1.67 AU) has a radius about half of that of Earth. Most of the planet is red due to 895: 807: 642: 599: 481: 359: 308: 19665: 18470: 18462: 18459: 17071: 16433: 15769: 12161:

Forget, F.; Bertrand, T.; Vangvichith, M.; Leconte, J.; Millour, E.; Lellouch, E. (May 2017).

11710: 11281:

Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian (27 July 2011). "Earth's Trojan asteroid".

9201:"Seeing Forests for the Trees and the Carbon: Mapping the World's Forests in Three Dimensions" 8948: 7555: 6984: 4063:= 18h 0m 00s are those for the north pole of the ecliptic. (Both pairs of coordinates are for 4009:= 12h 51m 26.282s are the declination and right ascension of the north galactic pole, whereas 3458:

observed a transit of Mercury across the Sun, leading him to realize that observations of the

2525: 818:

The Solar System remains in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated,

23104: 23064: 22871: 22639: 22609: 22604: 22594: 22522: 22310: 21476: 20927: 20751: 20445: 20383: 20236: 20206: 20110: 20037: 19911: 19764: 19727: 19615: 19610: 18410: 18002: 17352: 16995: 15656: 15636: 14871: 9507: 9292: 8192:

Space Physics: An introduction to plasmas and particles in the heliosphere and magnetospheres

5325: 5272:

Greaves, Jane S. (7 January 2005). "Disks Around Stars and the Growth of Planetary Systems".

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in 1639. This provided a strong vindication of heliocentrism and Kepler's elliptical orbits.

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material, has a denser composition than Ceres's. Its surface is marked by two giant craters:

1869: 1613: 1547: 1364: 1349: 1267: 819: 803: 767: 441: 21757: 19779: 18216: 17599: 17396: 17059: 16768: 15761: 15697: 14762: 14676: 14242: 14211: 13929: 13041: 12762: 12236: 11650: 11533: 11071: 10890: 10852:

Raymond, C.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Park, R. S.; Ermakov, A.; et al. (September 2018).

10193: 10083:

List of asteroids with q<0.3075 AU generated by the JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine

10033: 9468: 9148: 8584: 8051: 7906: 7311:"Is it a coincidence that most of the planets fall within the Titius-Bode law's boundaries?" 7058:

Bi, S. L.; Li, T. D.; Li, L. H.; Yang, W. M. (2011). "Solar Models with Revised Abundance".

6953: 6239: 2459:. Many dwarf planet candidates are being considered, pending further data for verification. 1104:

as its substitute Sun, and, following the scale, Jupiter is a 7.5-meter (25-foot) sphere at

22780: 22678: 22668: 22517: 22485: 22279: 22074: 22059: 21372: 20743: 20675: 20493: 20431: 20222: 20199: 20192: 19672: 19625: 19282: 18734: 18699: 18694: 18588: 18539: 18512: 18468: 18447: 18168: 17711: 17648: 17564: 17404: 17275: 17182: 17170: 17151: 17040: 16877: 16764: 16707: 16582: 16545: 16492: 16401: 16342: 16278: 16219: 16156: 16084: 16011: 15941: 15880: 15819: 15693: 15616: 15573: 15510: 15445: 15361: 15302: 15175: 15088: 15014: 14912: 14758: 14711: 14672: 14635: 14628:

Publications of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

14512: 14452: 14351: 14286: 14207: 14191:"A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction" 14113: 14048: 13982: 13925: 13870: 13824: 13706: 13655: 13604: 13534: 13307: 13227: 13183: 13148: 13087: 13037: 12966: 12889: 12820: 12674: 12635: 12531: 12453: 12408: 12363: 12320: 12244: 12232: 12177: 12019: 11961: 11808: 11757: 11646: 11529: 11455: 11408: 11361: 11292: 11218: 11104: 11067: 10778: 10673: 10592: 10505: 10451: 10302: 10217: 10158: 10113: 10029: 9983: 9758: 9746: 9543: 9379: 9023: 8881: 8797: 8736: 8632: 8580: 8480: 8403: 8145: 8096: 8047: 7902: 7827: 7806:

Goldreich, Peter; Lithwick, Yoram; Sari, Re'em (2004). "Final Stages of Planet Formation".

7772: 7707: 7647: 7604: 7466: 7212: 7134: 7079: 7030: 6949: 6723: 6587: 6534: 6347: 6329: 6235: 6194: 6118: 5970: 5900: 5829: 5772: 5717: 5670: 5661: 5625: 5570: 5524: 5466: 5386: 5283: 5243: 5206: 5128: 5079: 4967: 4859: 4776: 4724: 4665: 4218: 3771: 3596: 3566: 3383: 3275: 3267: 3197:, which is around 80 light-years away within the Local Bubble. The nearest star cluster is 2805: 2789: 2731: 2705: 2521: 1847: 1814: 1206: 1202: 1092:)—whereas others extend across cities or regional areas. The largest such scale model, the 974: 583: 555: 551: 469: 251: 216: 211: 84: 21215: 18451: 18449: 17806: 16743:"A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty" 6097:"The mysterious age invariance of the planetary nebula luminosity function bright cut-off" 4619: 3140:, orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light-years. In 2016, a potentially habitable 2412:

and other asteroid populations. J, S, U and N denotes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

1829:. Only Ceres and Vesta have been visited by a spacecraft and thus have a detailed picture. 8: 23040: 22982: 22976: 22946: 22240: 22223: 21894: 21796: 21619: 20874: 20816: 20612: 20563: 20459: 20406: 20229: 20124: 20013: 19851: 19824: 19774: 19578: 19036: 18729: 18581: 16471:

Drimmel, R.; Spergel, D. N. (2001). "Three Dimensional Structure of the Milky Way Disk".

13049: 12940:"Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances" 12844: 12763: 12163:"A post-New Horizons Global climate model of Pluto including the N 2, CH 4 and CO cycles" 11251: 8001: 3734: 3623: 3391: 3186:, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye. 3076: 2864: 2836: 2760: 2624: 2383: 2298:

Irregular satellites, having more distant and eccentric orbits than objects listed above.

2143: 1944: 1937: 1148: 1121: 1093: 1070: 1036: 867: 798: 786: 720: 693: 579: 461: 246: 22380: 18932: 18811: 17715: 17652: 17568: 17408: 17333: 17279: 17186: 17155: 17044: 16881: 16855: 16711: 16586: 16549: 16496: 16405: 16346: 16282: 16223: 16160: 16088: 16015: 15945: 15884: 15823: 15620: 15577: 15514: 15449: 15365: 15306: 15179: 15092: 15018: 14916: 14715: 14639: 14516: 14456: 14355: 14290: 14117: 14052: 13986: 13874: 13710: 13659: 13570: 13538: 13491: 13465: 13361: 13231: 13187: 13152: 13091: 12970: 12893: 12824: 12678: 12639: 12535: 12457: 12412: 12367: 12324: 12207: 12181: 12023: 11965: 11812: 11761: 11459: 11412: 11365: 11296: 11222: 11108: 10782: 10677: 10596: 10509: 10455: 10306: 10221: 10162: 10117: 9750: 9547: 9383: 9027: 8885: 8801: 8740: 8636: 8484: 8407: 8149: 8100: 7831: 7776: 7711: 7651: 7608: 7470: 7216: 7138: 7083: 7034: 6727: 6591: 6538: 6351: 6122: 5974: 5904: 5833: 5776: 5721: 5674: 5629: 5574: 5528: 5470: 5390: 5287: 5247: 5210: 5132: 5083: 4971: 4863: 4780: 4728: 4669: 4222: 4098:. The name is commonly rendered in lower case ('solar system'), as, for example, in the 3721:

are not added because the individual asteroids are too small to be shown on the diagram.

3293:, the direction of the Sun's path through interstellar space, is near the constellation 2656: 2324:

Irregular satellites, which as the name implies, have less regular orbits. One of them,

2185: 23088: 22886: 22857: 22775: 22736: 22688: 22673: 22587: 22527: 22450: 22360: 22330: 22320: 22264: 22186: 21877: 21513: 21312: 21273: 21108: 21104: 21100: 20903: 20802: 20507: 20477: 20424: 20359: 20307: 20282: 20104: 19974: 19921: 19799: 19769: 19677: 19490: 18621: 18452: 18066: 17672: 17638: 17580: 17522: 17514: 17206: 16964: 16924: 16893: 16867: 16788: 16754: 16723: 16697: 16609: 16572: 16535: 16508: 16482: 16391: 16358: 16332: 16302: 16268: 16235: 16209: 16180: 16146: 16116: 16074: 16037: 16001: 15965: 15931: 15898: 15870: 15809: 15709: 15683: 15606: 15563: 15500: 15435: 15385: 15318: 15292: 15199: 15114: 15078: 15030: 15004: 14938: 14774: 14727: 14700:

Whipple, Fred L. (1992). "The activities of comets related to their aging and origin".

14546: 14478: 14442: 14315: 14274: 14131: 14103: 14066: 14038: 14000: 13972: 13894: 13673: 13645: 13552: 13138: 13053: 13027: 12982: 12956: 12905: 12879: 12862: 12836: 12706: 12664: 12625: 12555: 12424: 12398: 12336: 12248: 12222: 12043: 11985: 11920: 11832: 11781: 11424: 11398: 11351: 11316: 11128: 11080: 11055: 10834: 10796: 10699: 10531: 10207: 10174: 10148: 10053: 10019: 9979: 9916: 9827: 9762: 9395: 9369: 9143: 8905: 8813: 8770: 8540: 8470: 8171: 8135: 8063: 8037: 7932: 7843: 7817: 7788: 7762: 7733: 7697: 7620: 7594: 7583:

Martin, Rebecca G.; Livio, Mario (2015). "The Solar System as an Exoplanetary System".

7349: 7291: 7283: 7200: 7150: 7124: 7095: 7069: 6965: 6939: 6888: 6843: 6755: 6558: 6264: 6142: 6108: 6035: 5988: 5960: 5890: 5798: 5762: 5686: 5641: 5615: 5586: 5540: 5514: 5455: 5402: 5376: 5307: 5233: 5144: 5097: 4985: 4957: 4912: 4714: 4681: 4655: 4242: 4208: 3689: 3637: 3581: 3547: 3512: 3443: 3420: 3201:, which lies at the edge of the Local Bubble. The closest star-forming regions are the 3156: 3145: 2555: 2070: 1971: 1425: 1376: 1290: 1190:, planets between one and ten times as massive as the Earth, although the hypothetical 1085: 887: 879: 646: 496: 18905: 18868: 17924: 16354: 12939: 12332: 11541: 7784: 7720: 7685: 7616: 7146: 7091: 5255: 4847: 4798: 1993: 546:

There is a strong consensus among astronomers that the Solar System has at least nine

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Copernicus, Darwin, & Freud: revolutions in the history and philosophy of science

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Gough, D. O. (November 1981). "Solar Interior Structure and Luminosity Variations".

5406: 5311: 5148: 5101: 4685: 4260: 2543: 1538:(0.72–0.73 AU) has a reflective, whitish atmosphere that is mainly composed of 957: 945: 23052: 22876: 22554: 22507: 22457: 22445: 22423: 22418: 22345: 22305: 22252: 22034: 21957: 21932: 21826: 21747: 21471: 21432: 21089: 20714: 20693: 20528: 20521: 20025: 19829: 19819: 19712: 19687: 19097: 19067: 18912: 18786: 18626: 18491: 18308: 17771: 17719: 17656: 17572: 17510: 17506: 17283: 17190: 16946: 16936: 16897: 16885: 16772: 16715: 16590: 16500: 16409: 16350: 16286: 16227: 16164: 16092: 16019: 15969: 15949: 15888: 15827: 15733: 15701: 15624: 15581: 15518: 15453: 15389: 15369: 15352: 15310: 15183: 15096: 15022: 14920: 14766: 14719: 14680: 14520: 14460: 14359: 14310: 14294: 14215: 14121: 14056: 13990: 13933: 13878: 13854: 13794: 13749: 13730: 13714: 13697: 13663: 13542: 13387: 13235: 13191: 13156: 13045: 12974: 12909: 12897: 12858: 12828: 12710: 12682: 12655: 12559: 12539: 12461: 12444: 12416: 12371: 12328: 12240: 12185: 12047: 12027: 11989: 11969: 11952: 11816: 11765: 11654: 11537: 11463: 11416: 11369: 11300: 11283: 11151: 11112: 11075: 10990: 10955: 10826: 10817: 10786: 10689: 10681: 10600: 10513: 10459: 10442: 10415: 10343: 10310: 10260: 10225: 10166: 10121: 10104: 10057: 10037: 9754: 9580: 9551: 9387: 9360: 9031: 9010:

Elkins-Tanton, L. T.; Smrekar, S. E.; Hess, P. C.; Parmentier, E. M. (March 2007).

8889: 8805: 8754: 8658: 8650: 8588: 8524: 8411: 8163: 8126: 8104: 8055: 7910: 7835: 7780: 7715: 7612: 7474: 7267: 7220: 7142: 7087: 7029:. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. Vol. 74. p. 83. 6961: 6957: 6835: 6759: 6731: 6714: 6595: 6578: 6562: 6542: 6525: 6373: 6355: 6338: 6333: 6243: 6134: 6126: 6045: 5978: 5908: 5847: 5837: 5780: 5725: 5678: 5633: 5578: 5532: 5394: 5291: 5251: 5136: 5116: 5087: 4975: 4922: 4794: 4732: 4673: 4267:. Research Consortium On Nearby Stars, Georgia State University. 7 September 2007. 4226: 3651: 3527: 3523: 3428: 3375: 3367: 3337: 3249: 3221: 3137: 2868: 2735: 2315: 2245:(18.3–20.1 AU), uniquely among the planets, orbits the Sun on its side as its 2078: 2039: 2013:, compared to the inner planets Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury at the bottom right 1933: 1895: 1546:

in the atmosphere. The planet lacks a protective magnetic field to protect against

1499: 1474: 1435: 1337: 1318: 1163: 1032: 1009: 925:, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. 878:

Astronomers sometimes divide the Solar System structure into separate regions. The

859: 662: 626: 500: 387: 155: 107: 16776: 15705: 15314: 14025:

Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Tholen, David J.; Kaib, Nathan (2019).

12080: 11820: 11785: 9052:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids" 8836:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids" 8059: 6020:

Aungwerojwit, Amornrat; Gänsicke, Boris T; Dhillon, Vikram S; et al. (2024).

4401: 3415:, which enabled accurate computations of the positions of the then-known planets. 3213:; the latter lies just beyond the Local Bubble and is part of the Radcliffe wave. 2800:

The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the

1778:

have orbits that approach relatively close to Earth's orbit, and some of them are

22741: 22544: 22413: 22257: 22228: 22169: 22164: 22039: 21767: 21732: 21666: 21612: 21607: 21552: 21362: 21253: 20860: 20535: 20452: 20390: 20345: 20289: 19896: 19794: 19702: 19593: 19571: 19368: 19312: 19302: 19092: 19072: 19041: 19029: 18983: 18971: 18875: 18858: 18818: 18796: 18791: 18199: 17452: 17364: 17067: 16594: 15283: 14685: 14654: 14150: 13938: 13913: 13195: 13160: 13072: 12832: 12597: 12543: 12465: 12189: 12110: 12005:"Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Rings and Small Satellites" 12004: 11420: 10419: 10170: 10089: 9886: 9714: 9703: 9391: 9051: 8835: 7562: 7526: 7524: 6884: 6710:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter" 6172: 4547: 4517: 4114: 4095: 3592: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3543: 3451: 3435: 3416: 3402: 3309: 2856: 2772: 2713: 2686: 2638: 2628: 2495: 2262: 2219: 2151: 2139: 2112: 2108: 2093: 2089: 1738: 1652: 1605: 1470: 1301:

galaxy. It has a higher abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium ("

1048: 842: 701: 457: 380: 332: 18359: 18325: 13690: 13174:

Tancredi, G.; Favre, S. A. (2008). "Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?".

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in 2006, hence the demotion of Pluto to a dwarf planet, and further interest in

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Orbit classification of Kuiper belt objects. Some clusters that is subjected to

1453:

The four terrestrial or inner planets have dense, rocky compositions, few or no

22964: 22940: 22803: 22569: 22408: 22235: 22206: 22181: 22114: 21803: 21671: 21557: 21459: 21349: 21339: 21073: 20707: 20640: 20542: 19880: 19660: 19650: 19588: 19451: 19378: 19339: 19260: 19233: 19087: 19061: 18951: 18922: 18900: 18890: 18880: 18833: 17576: 16096: 16024: 15987: 15893: 15856: 15832: 15795: 15628: 15101: 15064: 14525: 14498: 14465: 14428: 14298: 14126: 14085: 14061: 14026: 13995: 13954: 13718: 11852:"Geology of the Icy Galilean Satellites: A Framework for Compositional Studies" 11148:

VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis

10952:

VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis

9294:

Radioecology: Sources and Consequences of Ionising Radiation in the Environment

9012:"Volcanism and volatile recycling on a one-plate planet: Applications to Venus" 8592: 6839: 6393: 5784: 4105: 4076: 3718: 3588: 3570: 3459: 3379: 3316: 3302: 3171: 3122: 2942: 2801: 2593: 2483: 2471: 2367: 2354: 2321:

Regular satellites, which have circular orbits that lie near Neptune's equator.

2292: 2284: 2276: 2269: 2223: 2196: 2192: 2104: 2062: 2043: 1951: 1923: 1734: 1660: 1636: 1589: 1543: 1539: 1478: 1458: 1306: 1244: 1179: 1078: 929: 823: 794: 763: 705: 391: 119: 17723: 17288: 16889: 16290: 16168: 15917: 15659:; Bibring, J. P.; Blanc, M.; Barucci, M. A.; Roques, F.; Zarka, P. H. (2004). 13955:"Discovery of a Satellite of the Large Trans-Neptunian Object (225088) 2007 OR 13332: 12799:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ( 10830: 10685: 10041: 9572: 9556: 9531: 8809: 8674: 7967: 7478: 6709: 6636: 6130: 6007:"Giant red stars may heat frozen worlds into habitable planets - NASA Science" 5092: 5067: 3442:

independently discovered that Jupiter had four satellites in orbit around it.

2976: 23098: 22755: 22549: 22512: 22480: 22355: 22064: 21887: 21858: 21836: 21454: 21427: 21404: 21305: 21153: 21008: 20765: 19979: 19959: 19539: 19272: 19255: 19076: 18993: 18956: 18927: 18917: 18885: 18863: 18843: 18806: 18779: 18774: 18769: 17998: 17902: 17728: 17668: 17202: 17194: 17116: 16960: 16784: 16414: 16377: 16257:; et al. (2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the solar neighborhood". 16104: 16033: 15918:"A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri" 15841: 15523: 15458: 15336: 15134:"Our solar system may have a hidden planet beyond Neptune – no, not that one" 15110: 15065:"C/2014 UN 271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein): The Nearly Spherical Cow of Comets" 14934: 14534: 14474: 14371: 14306: 13726: 13438: 13099: 12694: 11695: 10527: 10230: 10049: 9808: 9724: 9592: 8901: 8766: 8609: 8536: 8332: 7729: 7681: 7279: 7232: 6892: 6867: 6743: 6614: 5913: 4927: 4898: 4871: 4737: 4238: 3793: 3789: 3710: 3496: 3455: 3286: 3245: 3014: 2931: 2867:, are thought to originate in the Oort cloud. Many comet groups, such as the 2580: 2550:, and rotates so quickly (once every 3.9 hours) that it is stretched into an 2547: 2505: 2325: 2280: 2258: 2230: 2200: 2177: 2162: 2120: 1913: 1887: 1809: 1798: 1693: 1682: 1676: 1628: 1609: 1551: 1430: 1368: 1325: 1310: 1256: 993: 965:

orbiting. This animation is 100 times faster than the inner planet animation.

883: 775: 611: 540: 16951: 16660: 15916:

Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016).

14084:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (12 September 2018).

13914:"Surface composition of the largest dwarf planet 136199 Eris (2003 UB{313})" 13882: 13734: 12031: 11892:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 263–280. 11769: 11208: 11116: 10314: 9618: 8662: 8210: 6050: 6021: 5295: 4319: 4144: 3125:, which is about 4.4 light-years away and may be in the Local Bubble's 23076: 22815: 22440: 22435: 22335: 22218: 22201: 22159: 22129: 22119: 22054: 21937: 21882: 21863: 21843: 21821: 21813: 21656: 21649: 21488: 21409: 21392: 21258: 20721: 20700: 20057: 19834: 19789: 19446: 19329: 19223: 19163: 19146: 18966: 18944: 18895: 18853: 18838: 18823: 18689: 18648: 18613: 18008: 16686:

Reid, M. J.; Brunthaler, A. (2004). "The Proper Motion of Sagittarius A*".

16298: 16176: 16112: 15961: 15552:"No Evidence for Orbital Clustering in the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects" 15420:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (1 September 2021).

15381: 15195: 14565: 14324: 14027:"A New High Perihelion Trans-Plutonian Inner Oort Cloud Object: 2015 TG387" 13890: 13693:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit" 13600: 12702: 12551: 12375: 12039: 11981: 11828: 11798: 11777: 11374: 11335: 11312: 11124: 11024: 10732: 10463: 10125: 9976:"Are Kuiper Belt Objects asteroids? Are large Kuiper Belt Objects planets?" 8670: 8613: 8167: 6806: 6751: 6682: 6599: 6554: 6359: 5861: 5842: 5739: 5303: 4980: 4943: 4088: 3471: 3463: 3447: 3439: 3387: 3190: 3160: 3130: 2533: 2499: 2441: 2416: 2311: 2288: 2215: 2181: 2097: 2085: 1988: 1963: 1916: 1883: 1509: 1159: 1097: 962: 950: 862:, returning some of the material that formed the Sun—but now enriched with 712: 547: 473: 428: 349: 282: 202: 79: 18235: 18034:"NASA planning to spend up to $ 1 billion on space station deorbit module" 17625:

Bhatnagar, Siddharth; Vyasanakere, Jayanth P.; Murthy, Jayant (May 2021).

17096: 16941: 14957:"ESA scientist discovers a way to shortlist stars that might have planets" 13418: 10384: 9904:

surface from Stickney appear to be surface fractures caused by the impact.

8308: 6916: 5201:

Irvine, W. M. (1983). "The chemical composition of the pre-solar nebula".

5029: 4899:"On the local and global properties of gravitational spheres of influence" 4701:"Past the outer rim, into the unknown: structures beyond the Kuiper Cliff" 3170:

The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider

1028:, but the planetary system can change chaotically over billions of years. 35: 22731: 22403: 22395: 22385: 22365: 22340: 22269: 22191: 21947: 21922: 21917: 21831: 21791: 21752: 21717: 21700: 21695: 21367: 21206: 21096: 20788: 20098: 20092: 19875: 19863: 19858: 19809: 19784: 19754: 19749: 19697: 19692: 19517: 19431: 19390: 19351: 19228: 19053: 18976: 18939: 18828: 17889:

Corum, Jonathan; Gröndahl, Mika; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya (13 July 2015).

16702: 16640: 16487: 15986:

Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (20 November 2019).

15586: 15551: 15009: 14925: 14900: 14339: 13547: 13522: 13032: 12961: 12884: 12630: 12403: 12227: 11156: 10960: 10791: 10766: 10604: 9584: 9134: 9036: 9011: 8758: 8528: 8416: 8389: 8303:

Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolff, Sidney C.; et al. (2022) .

8190: 8140: 7822: 6944: 6269: 5637: 5519: 5381: 4660: 3714: 3591:

in the 1960s and 1970s and will return to the Moon in the 2020s with the

3406: 3371: 3164: 3159:

exist in the region within 300 light-years of the Sun, known as the

3060: 3025: 3018: 2993: 2967: 2893: 2832: 2780: 2764: 2721: 2677: 2676:(red, brown and cyan) along with the predicted orbit of the hypothetical 2661: 2516:

of gravity above their surfaces (i.e. they appear to "orbit each other").

2487: 2409: 2399: 2363: 2211: 2123:. They are the largest moons of Jupiter and exhibit planetary properties. 1861: 1834: 1675:

internal structure, and lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago.

1664: 1597: 1490: 1360: 1329: 1302: 1248: 1223: 1191: 1187: 1124:

along with that of the other terrestrial planets would be smaller than a

1109: 891: 863: 855: 779: 634: 615: 477: 369: 17306: 17274:. Vol. 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–26. 16061:"Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble" 15953: 15373: 13630:

Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (25 April 2016).

12686: 11973: 11304: 10694: 9330: 8544: 7398:"Luleå är Sedna. I alla fall om vår sol motsvaras av Globen i Stockholm" 6786: 6735: 6546: 5730: 5705: 5620: 4487: 4431: 1580:, which is the result of the presence of life. The planet has a complex 992:

direction, matching the direction of planetary rotation; Neptune's moon

22952: 22315: 22012: 21985: 21962: 21942: 21927: 21779: 21683: 21661: 21639: 21634: 21498: 20758: 20735: 20215: 20117: 20064: 19804: 19383: 18961: 18156:

was created from a revision of this article dated 31 May 2021

17923:

McCartney, Gretchen; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (7 September 2018).

17860:"NASA's Parker Solar Probe becomes first spacecraft to 'touch' the sun" 17660: 17518: 17448: 17444: 17360: 17171:"Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow" 15221: 14723: 13523:"Let It Go: Geophysically Driven Ejection of the Haumea Family Members" 12724: 9859: 9737:

Nimmo, Francis; Tanaka, Ken (2005). "Early Crustal Evolution of Mars".

9176:. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Archived from 6138: 5582: 3504: 3462:

of a planet (more ideally using the transit of Venus) could be used to

3290: 3271: 3179: 3052: 3010: 3005: 2985: 2908: 2751: 2665: 2513: 2491: 2246: 2027: 1899: 1632: 1624: 1593: 1525: 1513: 1482: 1341: 1294: 1236: 1232: 1144: 1014: 937:, and it lies at roughly five times the Earth's distance from the Sun. 790: 665:, is 4.25 light-years (269,000 AU) away. Both stars belong to the 650: 630: 113: 22826: 17742:"50th Anniversary of OAO 2: NASA's 1st Successful Stellar Observatory" 17702:

Clemence, G. M. (1947). "The Relativity Effect in Planetary Motions".

15855:

Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (November 2019).

15484: 15419: 14542: 14363: 14083: 13239: 11334:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (21 May 2017).

11333: 11187: 9528: 7287: 7224: 5006: 4698: 3254: 2992:

of the Solar System, including a depiction of the much further inside

2328:, is Neptune's largest moon. It is geologically active, with erupting 2034:, as in chemical compounds with melting points of up to a few hundred 1305:" in astronomical parlance) than the older population II stars in the 1205:. Although there are attempts to explain it partly with a bias in the 22903: 22881: 22502: 22350: 22134: 22099: 22094: 22089: 22049: 22002: 21992: 21786: 21762: 21737: 21644: 21595: 21528: 21518: 21493: 21466: 21442: 21377: 21223: 21166: 21118: 20853: 20180: 20078: 20071: 19500: 19466: 19297: 19218: 19141: 19136: 19107: 18848: 18801: 18670: 18653: 18038: 16151: 15485:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (1 May 2022).

15187: 10492:

Tedesco, Edward F.; Cellino, Alberto; Zappalá, Vincenzo (June 2005).

8893: 4814:"NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space" 3738: 3542:, a planet interior of Mercury, but these attempts were quashed with 3333: 3279: 3263: 3183: 3141: 3134: 2885: 2810: 2701: 2551: 2173: 2116: 2023: 1826: 1759: 1755: 1601: 1486: 1466: 1298: 1283: 1275: 1108:, 40 km (25 mi) away, whereas the farthest current object, 1101: 847: 728: 666: 603: 528: 516: 89: 19102: 17977:"Parker Solar Probe Changed the Game Before it Even Launched - NASA" 14495: 6095:

Gesicki, K.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Miller Bertolami, M. M. (7 May 2018).

5140: 4461: 2696:

This population is divided into three subgroups by astronomers. The

2508:, the largest of Pluto's moons, is sometimes described as part of a 1772:

are those that cross the orbit of Venus. There are 2,809 as of 2015.

1485:

substantial enough to generate weather; all have impact craters and

1035:

of the Solar System is a measure of the total amount of orbital and

22495: 22196: 21870: 21629: 21602: 21179: 21140: 20131: 19969: 19436: 19292: 19277: 19012: 18719: 18567: 18215: 17643: 16759: 16719: 16504: 16396: 16337: 16273: 16214: 16079: 16006: 15936: 15875: 15814: 15688: 15611: 15568: 15505: 15440: 15297: 15083: 15026: 14447: 14108: 14043: 13977: 13650: 13143: 12978: 12901: 12515:"Triton's Geyser-Like Plumes: Discovery and Basic Characterization" 12420: 11888:. In Fran Bagenal; Timothy E. Dowling; William B. McKinnon (eds.). 11517: 11468: 11443: 11356: 10518: 10493: 10212: 10024: 9374: 8475: 8314: 8109: 8082: 8042: 7839: 7767: 7702: 7599: 7271: 6113: 6040: 5895: 5536: 5398: 4917: 4719: 4677: 3503:

The term "Solar System" entered the English language by 1704, when

2727:

Currently, there is one ETNO that is classified as a dwarf planet:

2561: 1932:

are bodies located in within another body's gravitationally stable

1909: 1822: 1709: 1573: 1404: 1400: 1333: 1314: 1020: 970: 922: 591: 571: 236: 22913: 16872: 16577: 16540: 16127: 15422:"Peculiar orbits and asymmetries in extreme trans-Neptunian space" 12669: 11403: 10153: 9009: 7129: 7074: 5965: 5767: 5238: 5169:"Lecture 13: The Nebular Theory of the origin of the Solar System" 4962: 4897:

Souami, D; Cresson, J; Biernacki, C; Pierret, F (21 August 2020).

4766: 4213: 3580:

accelerating when flyby planets in the outer Solar System and the

2767:, a region of space dominated by the Sun, has its boundary at the 2332:

of nitrogen gas, and possesses a thin, cloudy nitrogen atmosphere.

1113: 22770: 22245: 22007: 21774: 21727: 21710: 21705: 21624: 19373: 19361: 19287: 18680: 18658: 18533: 18518: 17555:

Bourtembourg, René (2013). "Was Uranus Observed by Hipparchos?".

15915: 15062: 14426: 14398:"Cassini's Big Sky: The View from the Center of Our Solar System" 13952: 11240:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 273–287. 10659:"The violent collisional history of aqueously evolved (2) Pallas" 9807:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9723:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9254: 8390:"Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations" 5659:

Chrysostomou, A.; Lucas, P. W. (2005). "The Formation of Stars".

5454:

Nagasawa, M.; Thommes, E. W.; Kenyon, S. J.; et al. (2007).

5203:

Cometary exploration; Proceedings of the International Conference

4699:

de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (January 2024).

3531: 3446:

followed on from these observations by discovering Saturn's moon

3301:. The plane of the ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the 3126: 3114: 2954:, and was probably created by collisions within the Kuiper belt. 2902:

The planets, zodiacal light and meteor shower (top left of image)

2739: 2717: 2479: 2305: 2158: 2052: 2010: 1998: 1877: 1857: 1818: 1668: 1585: 1581: 1520:. In the past, Mercury was volcanically active, producing smooth 1005: 890:

includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and the bodies in the

536: 520: 340: 190: 175: 21252: 18393: 18240: 13692: 12160: 11747: 11235: 10851: 10004: 8026: 6834: 6328: 6019: 5704:

Gomes, R.; Levison, H. F.; Tsiganis, K.; Morbidelli, A. (2005).

3332:

on Earth. Spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of

3328:

The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the

1868:

material such as water are erupted onto the surface, as seen in

1481:. Three of the four inner planets (Venus, Earth, and Mars) have 837:

The current Sun compared to its peak size in the red-giant phase

833: 22891: 22760: 22748: 21967: 21853: 21027: 20883: 19814: 19005: 19000: 18714: 18709: 18675: 18663: 18608: 18560: 18553: 18528: 18523: 18402: 16259: 16137: 16065: 15922: 12618: 11632: 11630: 11518:"Further investigations of random models of Uranus and Neptune" 11511: 11509: 10813: 10289: 6094: 3692: – Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System 3519: 3047:. Most of the mass is orbiting in the region between 3,000 and 2927: 2915: 2871:, formed from the breakup of a single parent. Some comets with 2576: 2539: 2329: 2240: 2133: 2074: 2035: 2006: 2002: 1891: 1853: 1837:, a precursor stage before becoming a fully-formed planet (see 1727: 1577: 1528:

particles and ejected atoms. Mercury has no natural satellites.

1521: 1517: 1345: 1336:, the Sun radiates a continuous stream of charged particles (a 1240: 1089: 567: 563: 539:). All terrestrial planets have solid surfaces. Inversely, all 532: 524: 492: 231: 226: 185: 180: 20957: 18090:"A Wild 'Interstellar Probe' Mission Idea Is Gaining Momentum" 17033:

Rufus, W. C. (1923). "The astronomical system of Copernicus".

15792: 15345:"A Sedna-like Body with a Perihelion of 80 Astronomical Units" 10764: 10191: 7525:

Robert T. Pappalardo; William B. McKinnon; K. Khurana (2009).

6284: 6282: 6280: 5703: 4518:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 225088 Gonggong (2007 OR10)" 4351:"HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)" 2859:: a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye. 19131: 18704: 18636: 18631: 18546: 18501: 18496: 18250: 16319: 15673: 14986:

Landgraf, M.; Liou, J.-C.; Zook, H. A.; Grün, E. (May 2002).

14271: 13747: 13071:

Dotto, E.; Barucci, M. A.; Fulchignoni, M. (1 January 2003).

11881:

Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C.; Porco, Carolyn (2004).

11606:

NASA Ames Research Center; California Institute of Technology

10435:"The Primordial Excitation and Clearing of the Asteroid Belt" 6852:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 6791:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 82. 5326:"3. Present Understanding of the Origin of Planetary Systems" 4896: 4064: 3562: 3467: 2996:(inset); the sizes of objects are over-scaled for visibility. 2827: 2465: 2169: 1559: 1533: 1505: 1443: 1439: 1383:. The largest stable structure within the heliosphere is the 1081:, but ongoing discoveries have invalidated these hypotheses. 688: 595: 559: 508: 504: 449: 293: 221: 165: 160: 20149: 18245: 17888: 14898: 11627: 11516:

Podolak, M.; Podolak, J. I.; Marley, M. S. (February 2000).

11506: 5816:

Malhotra, R.; Holman, Matthew; Ito, Takashi (October 2001).

5453: 3595:. Discoveries in the 20th and 21st century has prompted the 3584:

decelerating closer towards the Sun after flyby with Venus.

3297:

in the direction of the current location of the bright star

2018:

extremely low melting points, such as hydrogen, helium, and

1564:(0.98–1.02 AU) is the only place in the universe where 1018:, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its 882:

includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the bodies in the

649:. The outermost region of the Solar System is the theorized 22109: 21328: 18757: 18641: 18506: 17929: 16610:"Period of the Sun's Orbit around the Galaxy (Cosmic Year)" 15655: 14575: 13520: 13466:"IAUC 8812: Sats OF 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637),, (90482)" 12508: 10380: 8460: 7498: 6612: 6399: 6277: 4290: 3670:

List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System

3298: 2919: 2673: 2250: 2019: 1722:

Asteroids except for the largest, Ceres, are classified as

1646: 1620: 1565: 1447: 1321:

because the planets formed from the accretion of "metals".

1125: 512: 170: 23071: 22810: 17624: 15909: 14024: 13911: 12435: 12003:

Porco, C. C.; Baker, E.; Barbara, J.; et al. (2005).

10656: 10578: 10138: 8947:(PhD thesis). Southwest Research Institute. Archived from 8787: 8569: 4848:"Gravitational Spheres of the Major Planets, Moon and Sun" 3282:

population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane.

3024:

As of the 2020s, a few astronomers have hypothesized that

2712:

by Neptune and still interact with the giant planets. The

2150:

capable of producing weak auroras. As of 2024, Saturn has

916:

The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a

22475: 21053: 20325: 18486: 17101:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 12, 27. 16740: 16252: 16133: 15492:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

13014: 12205: 11145: 10949: 10657:

Marsset, M.; Brož, M.; Vernazza, P.; et al. (2020).

10405: 10199:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

6986:

Introduction to the Maths and Physics of the Solar System

6929: 6652:"Planet found orbiting its star backwards for first time" 6022:"Long-term variability in debris transiting white dwarfs" 5465:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 639–654. 4706:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

4435: 3438:

publicized the use of the telescope in astronomy; he and

2852: 1218: 696:, out of which Earth and other Solar System bodies formed 641:

from the Sun, the solar wind is halted, resulting in the

445: 141: 42: 21297: 17830:"Hayabusa 2 probe begins journey to land on an asteroid" 17799:"This Is What It Sounded Like When We Landed on a Comet" 17098:

Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy

16197: 14747:"Meteorite and meteoroid: new comprehensive definitions" 14090:

as an Outlier among the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects"

11949: 10749:

Ceres is (or now we can say it was) the largest asteroid

9952:. International Astronomical Union. 2006. Archived from 9232:"What Percentage of the Earth's Land Surface is Desert?" 8302: 4595:. Interstellar Probe Project. NASA. 2000. Archived from 4324:

The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center

2804:

of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as

2061:, with giant storms swirling on the surface such as the 1718:

Overview of the inner Solar System up to Jupiter's orbit

797:

between planetisimals and the gas giants caused each to

18226:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 157–158. 16528:

Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Supplementi

16526:

Gerhard, O. (2011). "Pattern speeds in the Milky Way".

16054: 15280: 13070: 10581:"Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas: Protoplanets, Not Asteroids" 10432: 10101: 9354: 8880:(7). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 473–477. 8865:

Lebonnois, Sebastien; Schubert, Gerald (26 June 2017).

8725: 7423: 17403:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 3–16. 17331: 15985: 15854: 14745:

Rubin, Alan E.; Grossman, Jeffrey N. (February 2010).

14499:"A Three-dimensional Map of the Heliosphere from IBEX" 13420:

Dawn of Small Worlds: Dwarf planets, asteroids, comets

13080:

Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Supplementi

13073:"Beyond Neptune, the new frontier of the Solar System" 12937: 12796: 12486:. Carnegie Institution for Science. 23 February 2024. 11636: 11572:

Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System

11515: 9192: 4944:"Two estimates of the distance to the Galactic Centre" 4643: 4139:

For more classifications of Solar System objects, see

3163:. The latter feature is an hourglass-shaped cavity or 3079:, with the different regions and their distances on a 3037:

dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars

1655:

in Martian soil, and the polar regions are covered in

1608:

that formed the continental masses. Earth's planetary

1588:

system, with conditions differing drastically between

1040:

with a possibly significant contribution from comets.

23024: 16375: 13127: 12347: 11280: 11150:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56. 10954:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56. 10491: 10344:"NEO Basics – Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)" 9502:. In Richard D. Johnson & Charles Holbrow (ed.). 9500:"Chapter 5, Appendix J: Impact Upon Lunar Atmosphere" 8975:"Climate Change as a Regulator of Tectonics on Venus" 7805: 6072:. Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 5001: 4999: 4042: 4015: 3988: 3961: 3804: 3774: 3374:, astronomers from Europe to India believed Earth to 3232:

of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System.

3101:

List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups

1477:—and metals such as iron and nickel which form their 1169: 491:

The largest objects that orbit the Sun are the eight

17925:"Legacy of NASA's Dawn, Near the End of its Mission" 17922: 17395:

Festou, M. C.; Keller, H. U.; Weaver, H. A. (2004).

15649: 14985: 13847: 13629: 12857: 12441: 12388: 10985: 10983: 9139:"Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted" 7342:"The Thousand-Yard Model: or, Earth as a Peppercorn" 7317:. Ask Astro. Vol. 30, no. 10. p. 70. 7112: 6883: 6486:

Weissman, Paul Robert; Johnson, Torrence V. (2007).

5944: 3613: 3569:). To save on fuel, some space missions make use of 3129:. Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of 2261:

and erratic cloud formation. As of 2024, Uranus has

1962:

The outer region of the Solar System is home to the

1782:

because they might collide with Earth in the future.

1690:

that is roughly 4.5 km (2.8 mi) in radius.

1572:

are known to exist. Earth's atmosphere contains 78%

1395:

The inner Solar System is the region comprising the

625:

The Solar System is constantly flooded by the Sun's

17272:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

16642:

Classical Mechanics: Point particles and relativity

16369: 15600: 10854:"Dawn Data Reveal Ceres' Complex Crustal Evolution" 10433:Petit, J.-M.; Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J. (2001). 9475:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 9199:Carlowicz, Michael; Simmon, Robert (15 July 2019). 8604: 8602: 8083:"On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters" 6450: 6448: 5456:"The Diverse Origins of Terrestrial-Planet Systems" 5072:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

3308:The Sun follows a nearly circular orbit around the 2755:

Diagram of the Sun's magnetosphere and helioshealth

1592:. The solid surface of Earth is dominated by green 1332:, which spans much of the Solar System. Along with 933:volatile substances could coalesce is known as the 50:(true color, size to scale, distances not to scale) 20973: 17394: 17332: 15764:Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System 15393: 13202: 12472: 11382: 10623: 10008:"The Main Belt Comets and ice in the Solar System" 8461:Del Genio, Anthony D.; Brain, David; Noack, Lena; 7931: 7448: 6708:Agnor, Craig B.; Hamilton, Douglas P. (May 2006). 5945:Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert (May 2008). 4996: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4198: 4055: 4028: 4001: 3974: 3945: 3780: 3144:was found to be orbiting Proxima Centauri, called 2957: 2645: 2378:Beyond the orbit of Neptune lies the area of the " 1747:, that is, asteroids that orbit larger asteroids. 988:. Most of the larger moons orbit their planets in 21007: 20989: 17457:. New York: Random House. pp. 26–27, 37–38. 17266:Chapman, Allan (April 2005). 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Halley's friend 3321: 3030:extreme trans-Neptunian objects 2958:Boundary area and uncertainties 2941:, which is visible as the hazy 2646:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects 2032:'ice' in the astronomical sense 1667:, and has a rich collection of 1604:. Earth's surface is shaped by 1461:. They are composed largely of 1348:, dusty atmosphere, called the 1131: 1000:To a good first approximation, 472:of hydrogen into helium at its 16:The Sun and objects orbiting it 21095:2 (5?) planets: 17511:10.1080/0025570X.2003.11953207 17169:Pasachoff, Jay M. (May 2015). 16823:Mullen, Leslie (18 May 2001). 13362:"MPEC 2004-D15 : 2004 DW" 12480:"New Uranus and Neptune Moons" 12313:Reports on Progress in Physics 11025:"A look into Vesta's interior" 8189:Kallenrode, May-Britt (2004). 7372:"Tours of Model Solar Systems" 6962:10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.581 5066:Standish, E. M. 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Vol. 1. p. 3. 4769:Advances in Space Research 4231:10.1088/0004-6256/148/5/91 4089:naming guidelines document 4029:{\displaystyle \beta _{e}} 3975:{\displaystyle \beta _{g}} 3790:north pole of the ecliptic 3660:Interplanetary spaceflight 3390:reordering of the cosmos, 3351: 3239: 3207:Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex 3097:List of nearest exoplanets 3090: 3021:exerted by the Milky Way. 2961: 2883: 2825: 2649: 2591: 2397: 2342: 2148:Saturn has a magnetosphere 1986: 1752:Mercury-crossing asteroids 1707: 1489:surface features, such as 1423: 1385:heliospheric current sheet 1264:G2-type main-sequence star 1216: 1135: 905: 896:the objects beyond Neptune 676: 608:interplanetary dust clouds 18: 22991: 22921: 22910: 22864: 22794: 22719: 22568: 22466: 22394: 22293: 22150: 22025: 21903: 21812: 21548: 21539: 21418: 21348: 21335: 21327: 21248: 21233:T-type brown dwarf B 21201: 21117: 21044: 21018: 21003: 20988: 20969: 20893: 20685: 20662:Large Binocular Telescope 20627:Extremely Large Telescope 20620:Extremely large telescope 20593: 20476: 20416: 20337: 20299: 20260: 20253: 20187: 20038:Earth sciences portal 19997: 19952: 19889: 19760:Interplanetary dust cloud 19639: 19475: 19405: 19116: 19052: 18745: 18598: 18440: 18200:Resources in your library 17724:10.1103/RevModPhys.19.361 17704:Reviews of Modern Physics 17340:Oxford English Dictionary 17289:10.1017/S1743921305001225 17095:LoLordo, Antonia (2007). 17058:Weinert, Friedel (2009). 16890:10.1017/S147355040999005X 16689:The Astrophysical Journal 16474:The Astrophysical Journal 16432:Lang, Kenneth R. 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Stanford Solar Center. 6131:10.1038/s41550-018-0453-9 5368:The Astrophysical Journal 5226:The Astrophysical Journal 5175:. University of Arizona. 5093:10.1017/S1743921305001365 4593:interstellar.jpl.nasa.gov 4552:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4522:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4492:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4101:Oxford English Dictionary 4085:astronomical nomenclature 3788:is the angle between the 3597:redefinition of the term 3536:Mercury's orbital anomaly 3348:Discovery and exploration 2890:Interplanetary dust cloud 2845:small Solar System bodies 2821: 2817:Miscellaneous populations 2532:. It has one known moon, 2199:(trojans of Tethys), and 2026:. Uranus and Neptune are 1724:small Solar System bodies 1253:electromagnetic radiation 1106:Stockholm Arlanda Airport 940: 918:G-type main-sequence star 588:small Solar System bodies 486:G-type main-sequence star 456:when a dense region of a 423: 413: 401: 386: 378: 368: 358: 348: 331: 319: 307: 302: 291: 280: 269: 200: 147: 137: 132: 99: 64: 56: 33: 22935:Gravity Discovery Centre 22897:Eise Eisinga Planetarium 22664:With multiple exoplanets 20634:Gran Telescopio Canarias 20051:Local Interstellar Cloud 18763:other near-Earth objects 17369:. R. Taylor. p. 8. 17195:10.1177/0021828615585493 16639:Greiner, Walter (2004). 16025:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a 15894:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a 15833:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9120 15102:10.3847/2041-8213/ac32d3 14996:The Astronomical Journal 14653:Królikowska, M. 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The 3696: 3571:gravity assist maneuvers 3526:successfully measured a 3153:Local Interstellar Cloud 3111:Local Interstellar Cloud 3059:from the Sun. The Sun's 2710:gravitational scattering 2152:146 confirmed satellites 1770:Venus-crossing asteroids 795:gravitational encounters 74:Local Interstellar Cloud 60:4.568 billion years 21450:Asymptotic giant branch 21074:α Cen (Rigil Kentaurus) 20729:Astrology and astronomy 20439:Gravitational radiation 20014:Solar System portal 19740:Giant-impact hypothesis 19347:Trans-Neptunian objects 18223:Encyclopædia Britannica 17383:Posthumous publication. 17345:Oxford University Press 16769:2019A&A...625L..10G 15760:Littmann, Mark (2004). 15698:2019A&A...629A.139T 15641:: CS1 maint: bibcode ( 14763:2010M&PS...45..114R 14677:2001A&A...376..316K 14212:2000A&A...357..268F 13930:2007A&A...471..331D 13883:10.1126/science.1139415 13042:2003EM&P...92..113B 12237:2007ARA&A..45..261J 12032:10.1126/science.1108056 11770:10.1126/science.1110422 11651:1995P&SS...43.1517P 11534:2000P&SS...48..143P 11117:10.1126/science.1223272 11072:1997M&PS...32..841T 11029:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 10315:10.2307/j.ctv1v7zdn4.33 10034:2017A&ARv..25....5S 9713:6 November 2015 at the 9573:"How Mars got its rust" 9469:"The Oldest Moon Rocks" 9444:Oxford University Press 9413:"The Smell of Moondust" 8585:2009E&PSL.285..283W 8517:The Mathematics Teacher 8052:2022A&A...660A.131M 7907:2000A&G....41a..12W 6954:2001ARA&A..39..581L 6838:; Olenick, Richard P.; 6240:2000A&G....41a..12W 5296:10.1126/science.1101979 4320:"Latest Published Data" 4113:27 January 2008 at the 3604:trans-Neptunian objects 3419:used them to predict a 3314:supermassive black hole 3224:, which approached to ~ 3195:Ursa Major moving group 3068:to be 230,000 AU. 2747:Edge of the heliosphere 2672:(pink), and other very 2384:tilted toward the plane 2316:16 confirmed satellites 2263:28 confirmed satellites 2079:95 confirmed satellites 2059:atmospheric circulation 1786:Mars-crossing asteroids 1677:Mars has two tiny moons 1293:, having formed in the 1075:Johannes Kepler's model 874:General characteristics 828:eventually be disrupted 772:hydrostatic equilibrium 683: 673:Formation and evolution 272:natural satellites 22786:Tidal disruption event 22275:Circumstellar envelope 21509:Luminous blue variable 20648:Hubble Space Telescope 19902:Possible dwarf planets 19745:Gravitational collapse 19683:Circumstellar envelope 18482: 18142: 18118:Listen to this article 16994:Orrell, David (2012). 16415:10.1093/mnras/stad3604 15550:Napier, K. J. (2021). 15524:10.1093/mnrasl/slac012 15459:10.1093/mnras/stab1756 14149:Jewitt, David (2004). 13793:Jewitt, David (2005). 12376:10.1006/icar.1996.5568 12113:. NASA. January 2024. 10464:10.1006/icar.2001.6702 10231:10.1093/mnrasl/slac089 10126:10.1006/icar.2000.6520 9663:Noever, David (2004). 9506:. NASA. Archived from 9438:Melosh, H. J. (1989). 9205:NASA Earth Observatory 8703:. NASA. Archived from 8467:Planetary Astrobiology 8168:10.1006/icar.2001.6607 7864:. NASA. Archived from 7430:NASA Educator Features 7340:Ottewell, Guy (1989). 6619:The Cosmic Perspective 6600:10.1006/icar.1996.5637 6429:. NASA. Archived from 6360:10.1006/icar.2002.6837 5914:10.1093/mnras/stad3604 5843:10.1073/pnas.231384098 5431:The cosmic perspective 4928:10.1093/mnras/staa1520 4738:10.1093/mnrasl/slad132 4620:"The Milky Way Galaxy" 4291:"Solar System Objects" 4057: 4030: 4003: 3976: 3947: 3782: 3500: 3409:, Kepler produced the 3363: 3259: 3211:Taurus molecular cloud 3118: 3087:Celestial neighborhood 3083: 3055:, have aphelia around 2997: 2964:Planets beyond Neptune 2903: 2840: 2777:local standard of rest 2756: 2681: 2660:The current orbits of 2603: 2425: 2413: 2380:trans-Neptunian region 2374:Trans-Neptunian region 2355:scattered disc objects 2154:, grouped as follows: 2014: 1830: 1719: 1688:Stickney impact crater 1450: 1365:coronal mass ejections 1228: 1212: 1183: 1053: 966: 954: 838: 810:of the inner planets. 808:Late Heavy Bombardment 697: 22872:Antikythera mechanism 22311:Effective temperature 21167:Gliese 65 A (BL Ceti) 20752:Astroparticle physics 20487:Australian Aboriginal 20111:Laniakea Supercluster 19728:Sample-return mission 18481: 18141: 16942:10.4202/app.2011.0058 16829:Astrobiology Magazine 16608:Leong, Stacy (2002). 15337:Trujillo, Chadwick A. 15220:Arnett, Bill (2006). 14279:Space Science Reviews 13498:. 17 September 2008. 12081:"The moons of Saturn" 10999:The Planetary Society 10092:Retrieved 30 May 2012 9498:Globus, Ruth (1977). 8973:Rincon, Paul (1999). 8790:Space Science Reviews 8274:"The Sun Does a Flip" 7887:Woolfson, M. (2000). 7561:15 April 2023 at the 6613:Bennett, Jeffrey O.; 6220:Woolfson, M. (2000). 6051:10.1093/mnras/stae750 4058: 4031: 4004: 3982:= 27° 07′ 42.01″ and 3977: 3948: 3783: 3781:{\displaystyle \psi } 3494: 3477:Principia Mathematica 3474:, in his magisterial 3450:and the shape of the 3434:In the 17th century, 3361: 3257: 3108: 3074: 2979: 2901: 2835: 2806:solar magnetic fields 2771:. Based on the Sun's 2754: 2742:is named after Sedna. 2659: 2601: 2419: 2407: 2144:hexagon-shaped storms 2069:, enough to redirect 1996: 1884:Vesta asteroid family 1812: 1717: 1614:atmospheric stripping 1518:impact event remnants 1433: 1403:. Composed mainly of 1350:interplanetary medium 1268:effective temperature 1226: 1177: 1051: 960: 948: 906:Further information: 836: 820:gravitationally bound 804:grand tack hypothesis 691: 659:2,000–200,000 AU 448:and the objects that 442:gravitationally bound 397:~60°, to the ecliptic 22781:Planet-hosting stars 22659:With resolved images 22630:Historical brightest 22560:Photometric-standard 22486:Solar radio emission 22280:Eddington luminosity 22060:Triple-alpha process 21998:Thorne–Żytkow object 21373:Young stellar object 21092:(4.2465 ± 0.0003 ly) 21090:C (Proxima Centauri) 20744:Astronomers Monument 20676:Very Large Telescope 20223:Astronomical symbols 20026:Astronomy portal 19927:Solar System objects 19673:Circumplanetary disk 18217:"Solar System" 18173:More spoken articles 17866:. 14 December 2021. 17499:Mathematics Magazine 16614:The Physics Factbook 14926:10.1029/2020JE006509 14603:. 19 December 2019. 14404:. 19 November 2009. 14231:See Figures 1 and 2. 14159:University of Hawaii 13799:University of Hawaii 12139:. NASA. January 2024 11862:on 30 September 2007 11375:10.1093/mnras/stx197 11157:10.5194/epsc2022-103 10961:10.5194/epsc2022-103 10792:10.1002/2017JE005302 10605:10.1029/2006EO100002 10088:3 March 2016 at the 9702:20 July 2014 at the 9585:10.1038/news040503-6 9037:10.1029/2006JE002793 8759:10.1029/2012JE004161 8529:10.5951/MT.92.9.0786 8432:"Inner Solar System" 8417:10.1029/2001JA000299 8388:Riley, Pete (2002). 8305:"15.4 Space weather" 7426:"Solar System Scale" 7170:"Neptune Fact Sheet" 6836:Frautschi, Steven C. 6457:"Jupiter Fact Sheet" 6195:"Kuiper Belt: Facts" 5662:Contemporary Physics 5638:10.1029/2003JA009997 5078:(IAUC196): 163–179. 4981:10.1093/mnras/stu631 4094:25 July 2021 at the 4040: 4036:= 66° 33′ 38.6″ and 4013: 3986: 3959: 3802: 3772: 3386:had speculated on a 3384:Aristarchus of Samos 3268:barred spiral galaxy 2484:Pluto has five moons 1870:surface bright spots 1776:Near-Earth asteroids 1764:594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim 1671:. Mars has a highly 1570:surface liquid water 1203:orbital eccentricity 1156:zone of habitability 1044:Distances and scales 1008:with the Sun at one 975:synchronous rotation 764:thermonuclear fusion 466:balanced equilibrium 124: (4.36 ly) 19:For other uses, see 22983:Sweden Solar System 22979:(Somerset, England) 22977:Somerset Space Walk 22947:Monument to the Sun 22943:(Hvidovre, Denmark) 22937:(Gingin, Australia) 22858:Solar System models 22605:Highest temperature 22376:Color–color diagram 22241:Protoplanetary disk 22045:Proton–proton chain 21723:Chemically peculiar 20958: 20817:List of astronomers 20230:Astronomical object 20125:Observable universe 19922:Solar System models 19852:Protoplanetary disk 19775:Interstellar medium 19735:Frost/Ice/Snow line 17809:on 23 November 2014 17716:1947RvMP...19..361C 17653:2021AmJPh..89..454B 17569:2013JHA....44..377B 17409:2004come.book....3F 17343:(Online ed.). 17280:2005tvnv.conf....3C 17187:2015JHA....46..218P 17156:1996AAS...189.2404A 17045:1923PA.....31..510R 16882:2009IJAsB...8..213B 16712:2004ApJ...616..872R 16587:2008Icar..197..221K 16550:2011MSAIS..18..185G 16497:2001ApJ...556..181D 16406:2024MNRAS.527.6126R 16347:2015ApJ...800L..17M 16283:2020Natur.578..237A 16224:2015ApJ...814...13M 16161:2020Natur.578..237A 16089:2022Natur.601..334Z 16055:Zucker, Catherine; 16016:2019ApJ...886...41L 15954:10.1038/nature19106 15946:2016Natur.536..437A 15885:2019ApJ...886...41L 15824:2022ApJ...937L..32S 15621:2024NatAs.tmp..211P 15578:2021PSJ.....2...59N 15515:2022MNRAS.512L...6D 15450:2021MNRAS.506..633D 15401:on 16 December 2014 15374:10.1038/nature13156 15366:2014Natur.507..471T 15307:2019PhR...805....1B 15180:2001Natur.409..589S 15093:2021ApJ...921L..37B 15019:2002AJ....123.2857L 14917:2021JGRE..12606509J 14845:National Geographic 14716:1992CeMDA..54....1W 14640:2001PAICz..89...78S 14517:2021ApJS..254...40R 14457:2021ApJ...923..179K 14356:1993JGR....9815157B 14291:2023SSRv..219...18B 14118:2018RNAAS...2..167D 14053:2019AJ....157..139S 13987:2017ApJ...838L...1K 13875:2007Sci...316.1585B 13711:2023Natur.614..239M 13660:2016ApJ...825L...9P 13539:2022PSJ.....3..225N 13232:2001AmJPh..69.1096F 13188:2008Icar..195..851T 13153:2024Icar..41416017E 13092:2003MSAIS...3...20D 12971:2003AJ....126..430C 12894:2006ApJ...639L..43B 12825:2019Icar..334...30G 12687:10.1038/nature13155 12679:2014Natur.508...72B 12640:2008ssbn.book..161S 12536:1990Sci...250..410S 12513:(19 October 1990). 12458:2006Icar..185..258H 12413:2005AJ....129..518S 12368:1997Icar..125....1D 12325:2002RPPh...65.1741E 12182:2017Icar..287...54F 12024:2005Sci...307.1226P 11974:10.1038/nature06224 11966:2007Natur.449.1019S 11813:1999Sci...284.1146B 11807:(5417): 1146–1150. 11762:2005Sci...308.1291A 11756:(5726): 1291–1293. 11490:. 28 October 2018. 11488:Minor Planet Center 11460:2005AJ....130.2900Y 11413:2012Icar..217...27C 11366:2017MNRAS.467.1561D 11305:10.1038/nature10233 11297:2011Natur.475..481C 11223:1982BAAS...14..719F 11190:on 21 November 2021 11109:2012Sci...336..694S 11054:Takeda, H. (1997). 10995:"What Is A Planet?" 10783:2017JGRE..122.2267E 10678:2020NatAs...4..569M 10597:2006EOSTr..87..105M 10510:2005AJ....129.2869T 10473:on 21 February 2007 10456:2001Icar..153..338P 10307:2002aste.book..409M 10222:2022MNRAS.517L..49B 10163:2013Icar..223...48S 10118:2000Icar..148..312D 9751:2005AREPS..33..133N 9652:. pp. 301–314. 9548:2007CeMDA..98..155S 9384:2022Icar..37414768M 9056:spaceplace.nasa.gov 9028:2007JGRE..112.4S06E 8886:2017NatGe..10..473L 8840:spaceplace.nasa.gov 8802:2007SSRv..131..161D 8741:2012JGRE..117.0L09M 8637:1981Sci...213...62H 8513:"Astronomical Math" 8485:2018arXiv180704776D 8408:2002JGRA..107.1136R 8150:2001Icar..151..307L 8101:1973ApJ...185..477V 7832:2004ApJ...614..497G 7777:2015ApJ...806L..26V 7712:2016AJ....152..221S 7684:(7 December 2016). 7652:2015nova.pres..313K 7644:Aas Nova Highlights 7609:2015ApJ...810..105M 7556:Extract of page 658 7471:2005AdSpR..35.2084L 7217:1972AmJPh..40.1014J 7139:2012ApJ...750..135E 7084:2011ApJ...731L..42B 7035:1995ASPC...74...83M 6889:Leighton, Robert B. 6885:Feynman, Richard P. 6844:Goodstein, David L. 6736:10.1038/nature04792 6728:2006Natur.441..192A 6592:1997Icar..127...13L 6547:10.1038/nature02120 6539:2003Natur.426..419L 6427:"Saturn Fact Sheet" 6352:2002Icar..158...98K 6123:2018NatAs...2..580G 6066:"Planetary Nebulas" 5975:2008MNRAS.386..155S 5905:2024MNRAS.527.6126R 5834:2001PNAS...9812342M 5828:(22): 12342–12343. 5777:2009RvMA...21..215C 5731:10.1038/nature03676 5722:2005Natur.435..466G 5675:2005ConPh..46...29C 5630:2003JGRA..108.1437S 5575:1981SoPh...74...21G 5529:2001ApJS..136..417Y 5471:2007prpl.conf..639N 5391:2005ApJ...621L.137B 5288:2005Sci...307...68G 5248:2011ApJ...729..146V 5211:1983coex....1....3I 5133:2010NatGe...3..637B 5084:2005tvnv.conf..163S 4972:2014MNRAS.441.1105F 4864:1964SvA.....7..618C 4781:2003AdSpR..31.2563M 4729:2024MNRAS.527L.110D 4670:2003AJ....126..430C 4599:on 21 November 2013 4349:Yeomans, Donald K. 4223:2014AJ....148...91L 3624:Solar system portal 3555:telescopes in space 3427:did the same for a 3392:Nicolaus Copernicus 3157:interstellar clouds 3077:interstellar medium 2990:sphere of influence 2982:artist's impression 2939:zodiacal dust cloud 2761:stellar-wind bubble 2691:541132 Leleākūhonua 1972:short-period comets 1856:, frozen water and 1397:terrestrial planets 1149:interstellar medium 1094:Sweden Solar System 1086:Solar System models 1037:rotational momentum 980:As a result of the 868:interstellar medium 866:like carbon—to the 787:protoplanetary disk 721:protoplanetary disc 694:protoplanetary disk 497:terrestrial planets 462:protoplanetary disc 335:of outermost planet 112: (4.2465 30: 22973:(Ithaca, New York) 22887:Astronomical clock 22610:Lowest temperature 22361:Photometric system 22331:Absolute magnitude 22265:Circumstellar dust 21878:Stellar black hole 21514:Stellar population 21400:Herbig–Haro object 21037:white dwarf B 20803:Physical cosmology 20105:Virgo Supercluster 20086:Milky Way subgroup 19917:Natural satellites 19800:Nebular hypothesis 19780:Interstellar space 19770:Interstellar cloud 19678:Circumstellar disc 19268:Near-Earth objects 19152:names and meanings 18483: 18143: 18067:The New York Times 17895:The New York Times 17661:10.1119/10.0003349 17302:See, for example: 16255:Goodman, Alyssa A. 16057:Goodman, Alyssa A. 15587:10.3847/PSJ/abe53e 15341:Sheppard, Scott S. 14724:10.1007/BF00049540 14597:"In Depth: Comets" 13548:10.3847/PSJ/ac8e03 12733:American Scientist 12590:"Chiron biography" 11927:. 18 August 2021. 11921:"In Depth: Saturn" 11252:"Trojan Asteroids" 11031:. 6 January 2011. 10387:on 2 February 2002 10346:. CNEOS NASA/JPL. 9980:Cornell University 9828:The New York Times 9144:The New York Times 9137:(3 October 2013). 8707:on 12 January 2019 8313:. Houston, Texas: 7682:Trujillo, Chadwick 7678:Sheppard, Scott S. 7422:See, for example, 6307:on 29 January 2007 5583:10.1007/BF00151270 4053: 4026: 3999: 3972: 3943: 3778: 3690:Planetary mnemonic 3638:Outer space portal 3582:Parker Solar Probe 3573:, such as the two 3548:general relativity 3501: 3444:Christiaan Huygens 3421:transit of Mercury 3364: 3260: 3146:Proxima Centauri b 3119: 3084: 2998: 2904: 2841: 2757: 2740:sednoid population 2682: 2604: 2556:collisional family 2554:. It is part of a 2426: 2414: 2388:largely unexplored 2071:ionizing radiation 2015: 1997:The outer planets 1958:Outer Solar System 1831: 1720: 1659:made of water and 1625:very fine regolith 1469:—which form their 1451: 1426:Terrestrial planet 1391:Inner Solar System 1373:geomagnetic storms 1229: 1184: 1178:Comparison of the 1054: 967: 955: 888:outer Solar System 880:inner Solar System 839: 814:Present and future 698: 655:long-period comets 647:interstellar space 639:astronomical units 620:natural satellites 364:detected at 120 AU 309:Star spectral type 283:minor planets 259:more candidates... 203:dwarf planets 28: 23110:Planetary science 23022: 23021: 22971:Sagan Planet Walk 22967:(Lofoten, Norway) 22955:(Zagreb, Croatia) 22824: 22823: 22727:Substellar object 22706:Planetary nebulae 22125:Luminous red nova 22035:Deuterium burning 22021: 22020: 21504:Instability strip 21484:Wolf-Rayet nebula 21438:Horizontal branch 21383:Pre-main-sequence 21295: 21294: 21291: 21290: 21287: 21286: 21244: 21243: 21240: 21239: 21197: 21196: 21193: 21192: 20999: 20998: 20995: 20994: 20925: 20924: 20810:Quantum cosmology 20796:Planetary geology 20589: 20588: 20300:Celestial subject 20147: 20146: 19992: 19991: 19988: 19987: 19965:Lagrangian points 19937:by discovery date 19535:Human spaceflight 19506:historical models 19399: 19398: 19018:S/2015 (136472) 1 18181:Library resources 18139: 18018:978-0-553-59337-2 17464:978-0-3078-0105-0 17351:(Subscription or 17241:ESA Space Science 17108:978-0-511-34982-9 17081:978-1-4051-8183-9 17036:Popular Astronomy 16652:978-0-387-21851-9 16267:(7794): 237–239. 16145:(7794): 237–239. 16073:(7893): 334–337. 15930:(7617): 437–440. 15779:978-0-486-43602-9 15360:(7493): 471–474. 15174:(6820): 589–591. 14851:on 7 October 2015 14364:10.1029/93JA01171 13855:Brown, Michael E. 13705:(7947): 239–243. 13430:978-3-319-23003-0 13390:(23 March 2009). 13324:978-0-816-52755-7 13275:. 6 August 2021. 13269:"In Depth: Pluto" 13240:10.1119/1.1389278 13226:(10): 1096–1102. 12727:(February 2015). 12530:(4979): 410–415. 12319:(12): 1741–1783. 11960:(7165): 1019–21. 11909:on 26 March 2009. 11687:978-0-521-80090-7 11645:(12): 1517–1522. 11336:"Asteroid 2014 YX 11291:(7357): 481–483. 11103:(6082): 694–697. 10991:Lakdawalla, Emily 10777:(11): 2267–2293. 10556:. 14 April 2000. 9986:on 3 January 2009 9792:on 18 August 2011 9453:978-0-19-504284-9 9268:. 6 August 2006. 9153:on 3 October 2013 9120:978-1-4987-5428-6 8874:Nature Geoscience 8365:. 22 April 2003. 8324:978-1-947-17224-1 8202:978-3-540-20617-0 7953:978-0-691-05781-1 7868:on 2 January 2008 7538:978-0-8165-2844-8 7465:(12): 2084–2090. 7225:10.1119/1.1986734 6893:Sands, Matthew L. 6859:978-0-521-71590-4 6722:(7090): 192–194. 6628:978-0-134-87436-4 6533:(6965): 419–421. 6503:978-0-12-088589-3 6392:Eddy, J. (1979). 5716:(7041): 466–469. 5440:978-0-134-87436-4 5121:Nature Geoscience 4775:(12): 2563–2575. 4524:. 10 April 2017. 4158:astronomical unit 3737:found to date in 3464:trigonometrically 3425:Jeremiah Horrocks 3412:Rudolphine Tables 3342:extinction events 3242:Location of Earth 3236:Galactic position 3081:logarithmic scale 2924:atmospheric entry 2869:Kreutz sungrazers 2769:termination shock 2571:S/2015 (136472) 1 2422:orbital resonance 1627:and dominated by 1465:minerals such as 1291:population I star 1164:subsurface oceans 727:and a hot, dense 653:, the source for 627:charged particles 434: 433: 23127: 23087: 23086: 23085: 23075: 23074: 23063: 23062: 23061: 23051: 23050: 23049: 23039: 23038: 23037: 23030: 22949:(Zadar, Croatia) 22916: 22877:Armillary sphere 22851: 22844: 22837: 22828: 22827: 22816:Stars portal 22814: 22813: 22802: 22801: 22458:Planetary system 22381:Strömgren sphere 22253:Asteroseismology 21974:Black hole star 21546: 21545: 21472:Planetary nebula 21433:Red-giant branch 21322: 21315: 21308: 21299: 21298: 21279: 21264: 21263: 21254:Sub-brown dwarfs 21250: 21249: 21229: 21212: 21211: 21203: 21202: 21185: 21172: 21159: 21146: 21136: 21123: 21079: 21067: 21062: 21033: 21016: 21015: 21005: 21004: 20986: 20985: 20982: 20977: 20971: 20970: 20952: 20945: 20938: 20929: 20928: 20918: 20914: 20913: 20906: 20902: 20901: 20886: 20877: 20870: 20863: 20856: 20847: 20840: 20833: 20831:Medieval Islamic 20826: 20819: 20812: 20805: 20798: 20791: 20784: 20775: 20768: 20761: 20754: 20747: 20738: 20731: 20724: 20717: 20715:Astroinformatics 20710: 20703: 20696: 20694:Archaeoastronomy 20678: 20671: 20664: 20657: 20655:Keck Observatory 20650: 20643: 20636: 20629: 20622: 20615: 20608: 20582: 20573: 20566: 20559: 20552: 20550:Medieval Islamic 20545: 20538: 20531: 20524: 20517: 20510: 20503: 20496: 20489: 20469: 20462: 20455: 20448: 20441: 20434: 20427: 20409: 20400: 20393: 20386: 20379: 20377: 20369: 20367: 20355: 20348: 20328: 20321: 20314: 20292: 20285: 20278: 20271: 20258: 20257: 20246: 20239: 20232: 20225: 20218: 20209: 20202: 20195: 20174: 20167: 20160: 20151: 20150: 20141: 20139: 20130: 20123: 20116: 20109: 20103: 20097: 20091: 20084: 20077: 20070: 20063: 20056: 20049: 20036: 20035: 20034: 20024: 20023: 20022: 20012: 20011: 20010: 19713:Exozodiacal dust 19403: 19402: 19369:Detached objects 18605: 18604: 18601: 18600: 18445: 18427: 18420: 18413: 18404: 18403: 18398: 18390: 18389: 18388: 18381: 18380:from Wikiversity 18373: 18372: 18371: 18364: 18356: 18355: 18354: 18347: 18339: 18338: 18337: 18330: 18322: 18321: 18320: 18313: 18305: 18304: 18303: 18296: 18288: 18287: 18286: 18279: 18271: 18270: 18269: 18259: 18227: 18219: 18163: 18161: 18150: 18149: 18140: 18130: 18128: 18124: 18119: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18100: 18085: 18079: 18078: 18076: 18074: 18057: 18051: 18050: 18048: 18046: 18029: 18023: 18022: 17995: 17989: 17988: 17986: 17984: 17979:. 4 October 2018 17973: 17967: 17966: 17964: 17962: 17956:science.nasa.gov 17948: 17942: 17941: 17939: 17937: 17920: 17914: 17913: 17911: 17909: 17886: 17880: 17879: 17877: 17875: 17856: 17850: 17849: 17847: 17845: 17825: 17819: 17818: 17816: 17814: 17805:. Archived from 17794: 17788: 17787: 17785: 17783: 17768: 17762: 17761: 17759: 17757: 17737: 17731: 17727: 17699: 17693: 17692: 17690: 17688: 17646: 17622: 17616: 17615: 17595: 17589: 17588: 17552: 17546: 17545: 17543: 17541: 17535: 17496: 17487: 17481: 17480: 17478: 17476: 17441: 17435: 17434: 17432: 17430: 17392: 17386: 17382: 17380: 17378: 17356: 17348: 17336: 17328: 17326: 17324: 17300: 17294: 17293: 17291: 17263: 17257: 17256: 17254: 17252: 17233: 17227: 17226: 17224: 17222: 17166: 17160: 17159: 17139: 17133: 17132: 17130: 17128: 17092: 17086: 17085: 17065: 17055: 17049: 17048: 17030: 17024: 17023: 17021: 17019: 16991: 16985: 16984: 16982: 16980: 16954: 16952:20.500.12128/534 16944: 16920: 16914: 16913: 16911: 16909: 16875: 16851: 16845: 16844: 16842: 16840: 16820: 16809: 16808: 16806: 16804: 16762: 16738: 16732: 16731: 16705: 16703:astro-ph/0408107 16683: 16677: 16676: 16674: 16672: 16636: 16630: 16629: 16627: 16625: 16605: 16599: 16598: 16580: 16560: 16554: 16553: 16543: 16523: 16517: 16516: 16490: 16488:astro-ph/0101259 16468: 16462: 16461: 16459: 16457: 16429: 16420: 16419: 16417: 16399: 16390:(3): 6126–6138. 16373: 16367: 16366: 16340: 16317: 16311: 16310: 16276: 16250: 16244: 16243: 16217: 16195: 16189: 16188: 16154: 16131: 16125: 16124: 16082: 16052: 16046: 16045: 16027: 16009: 15983: 15974: 15973: 15939: 15913: 15907: 15906: 15896: 15878: 15852: 15846: 15845: 15835: 15817: 15790: 15784: 15783: 15767: 15757: 15751: 15750: 15748: 15746: 15724: 15718: 15717: 15691: 15671: 15665: 15664: 15661:The Solar System 15653: 15647: 15646: 15640: 15632: 15614: 15603:Nature Astronomy 15598: 15592: 15591: 15589: 15571: 15547: 15541: 15540: 15538: 15536: 15526: 15508: 15482: 15476: 15475: 15473: 15471: 15461: 15443: 15417: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15406: 15400: 15397: 15392:. Archived from 15349: 15333: 15327: 15326: 15300: 15278: 15272: 15271: 15269: 15267: 15248: 15242: 15241: 15239: 15237: 15217: 15208: 15207: 15188:10.1038/35054508 15163: 15154: 15153: 15151: 15149: 15129: 15123: 15122: 15104: 15086: 15060: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15049: 15043: 15012: 15010:astro-ph/0201291 15003:(5): 2857–2861. 14992: 14983: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14972: 14953: 14947: 14946: 14928: 14896: 14890: 14889: 14867: 14861: 14860: 14858: 14856: 14847:. Archived from 14837: 14831: 14830: 14828: 14826: 14820: 14809: 14801: 14795: 14794: 14792: 14790: 14742: 14736: 14735: 14697: 14691: 14690: 14688: 14650: 14644: 14643: 14623: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14612: 14593: 14587: 14586: 14584: 14582: 14561: 14555: 14554: 14528: 14493: 14487: 14486: 14468: 14450: 14424: 14418: 14417: 14415: 14413: 14394: 14388: 14387: 14385: 14383: 14335: 14329: 14328: 14318: 14269: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14258: 14243:"The Heliopedia" 14238: 14232: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14221:on 8 August 2017 14220: 14214:. Archived from 14195: 14186: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14170: 14151:"Sedna – 2003 VB 14146: 14140: 14139: 14129: 14111: 14081: 14075: 14074: 14064: 14046: 14022: 14009: 14008: 13998: 13980: 13950: 13944: 13943: 13941: 13909: 13903: 13902: 13851: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13840: 13821: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13790: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13779: 13773: 13756: 13745: 13739: 13738: 13688: 13682: 13681: 13671: 13653: 13627: 13621: 13620: 13618: 13616: 13603:(5 April 2008). 13597: 13591: 13590: 13588: 13586: 13577:. 19 July 2009. 13567: 13561: 13560: 13550: 13518: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13507: 13488: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13477: 13461: 13455: 13454: 13452: 13450: 13414: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13403: 13388:Michael E. Brown 13384: 13378: 13377: 13375: 13373: 13358: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13347: 13341: 13312: 13300: 13289: 13288: 13286: 13284: 13265: 13259: 13258: 13256: 13254: 13248: 13242:. Archived from 13215: 13206: 13200: 13199: 13171: 13165: 13164: 13146: 13125: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13108: 13077: 13068: 13062: 13061: 13035: 13033:astro-ph/0309251 13012: 13006: 13005: 13003: 13001: 12995: 12964: 12962:astro-ph/0301458 12944: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12918: 12887: 12885:astro-ph/0510029 12867: 12855: 12849: 12848: 12847:on 7 April 2019. 12843:. Archived from 12810: 12805: 12801:(229762) 2007 UK 12794: 12785: 12784: 12768: 12758: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12744: 12721: 12715: 12714: 12672: 12650: 12644: 12643: 12633: 12631:astro-ph/0702538 12616: 12610: 12609: 12607: 12605: 12596:. Archived from 12585: 12579: 12578: 12576: 12574: 12568: 12519: 12511:Shoemaker, E. M. 12506: 12500: 12499: 12497: 12495: 12476: 12470: 12469: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12406: 12404:astro-ph/0410059 12386: 12380: 12379: 12351: 12345: 12344: 12305: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12278: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12267: 12261: 12230: 12228:astro-ph/0703059 12212: 12203: 12194: 12193: 12167: 12158: 12149: 12148: 12146: 12144: 12133: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12107: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12076: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12062: 12056: 12009: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11947: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11917: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11902:. Archived from 11887: 11878: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11858:. Archived from 11856:Brown University 11847: 11841: 11840: 11796: 11790: 11789: 11745: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11734: 11706: 11700: 11699: 11676:(9th ed.). 11669: 11663: 11662: 11634: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11620: 11615:on 26 March 2009 11614: 11608:. Archived from 11603: 11594: 11588: 11587: 11585: 11583: 11564: 11558: 11557: 11555: 11553: 11528:(2–3): 143–151. 11513: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11499: 11480: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11439: 11433: 11432: 11406: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11359: 11350:(2): 1561–1568. 11331: 11325: 11324: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11267: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11233: 11227: 11226: 11206: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11186:. Archived from 11180: 11174: 11173: 11171: 11169: 11159: 11143: 11137: 11136: 11092: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11021: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11010: 10987: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10973: 10963: 10947: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10936: 10927:. 6 April 2017. 10917: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10886: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10869: 10863:. Vol. 12. 10858: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10818:Nature Astronomy 10811: 10805: 10804: 10794: 10762: 10756: 10755: 10752: 10746: 10744: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10712: 10697: 10666:Nature Astronomy 10663: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10576: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10565: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10521: 10504:(6): 2869–2886. 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10472: 10466:. Archived from 10439: 10430: 10424: 10423: 10403: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10383:. Archived from 10366: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10340: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10323: 10296: 10287: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10257: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10243: 10233: 10215: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10156: 10136: 10130: 10129: 10099: 10093: 10080: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10027: 10002: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9982:. Archived from 9972: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9946: 9940: 9939: 9934: 9932: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9900: 9898: 9883: 9877: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9867:on 22 April 2009 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9818: 9812: 9806: 9805: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9788:. Archived from 9777: 9771: 9770: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9675:on 14 March 2020 9671:. Archived from 9660: 9654: 9653: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9615: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9579:: news040503–6. 9568: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9526: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9464: 9458: 9457: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9377: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9180:on 8 August 2010 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9152: 9147:. Archived from 9131: 9125: 9124: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9007: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8990: 8984:. Archived from 8979: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8953: 8946: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8918: 8894:10.1038/ngeo2971 8871: 8862: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8796:(1–4): 161–186. 8785: 8779: 8778: 8752: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8696: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8679: 8673:. Archived from 8663:2060/20020090713 8648: 8622: 8614:Solomon, Sean C. 8606: 8597: 8596: 8579:(3–4): 283–296. 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8508: 8499: 8498: 8478: 8458: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8428: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8355: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8238: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8161: 8143: 8141:astro-ph/0012399 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8045: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7937: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7884: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7825: 7823:astro-ph/0404240 7803: 7797: 7796: 7770: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7723: 7705: 7674: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7602: 7580: 7565: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7506:on 10 April 2015 7502:. Archived from 7489: 7483: 7482: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7378:on 12 April 2011 7368: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7348:. Archived from 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7211:(7): 1014–1023. 7196: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7132: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7077: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7022: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7008: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6947: 6945:astro-ph/0111600 6927: 6921: 6920: 6881: 6872: 6871: 6832: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6517: 6508: 6507: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6433:on 4 August 2011 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6330:Krasinsky, G. A. 6326: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6306: 6300:. Archived from 6295: 6286: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270:astro-ph/0512256 6260: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6234:(1): 1.12–1.19. 6217: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6116: 6101:Nature Astronomy 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6043: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5986: 5968: 5942: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5916: 5898: 5889:(3): 6126–6138. 5872: 5866: 5865: 5855: 5845: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5770: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5623: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5558: 5549: 5548: 5522: 5520:astro-ph/0104292 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5460: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5426: 5411: 5410: 5384: 5382:astro-ph/0501592 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5241: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5198: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5167:Zabludoff, Ann. 5164: 5153: 5152: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5095: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5011:science.nasa.gov 5003: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4965: 4956:(2): 1105–1114. 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4920: 4911:(4): 4287–4297. 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4820:. Archived from 4809: 4803: 4802: 4792: 4764: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4740: 4722: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4663: 4661:astro-ph/0301458 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4624:science.nasa.gov 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4585: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4397: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4216: 4196: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4154: 4148: 4137: 4131: 4124: 4118: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3917: 3916: 3892: 3891: 3879: 3878: 3857: 3856: 3835: 3834: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3766: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3731: 3722: 3707: 3654: 3652:Astronomy portal 3649: 3648: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3528:stellar parallax 3524:Friedrich Bessel 3429:transit of Venus 3368:Late Middle Ages 3338:Shiva hypothesis 3276:Orion–Cygnus Arm 3250:Orbit of the Sun 3231: 3227: 3138:Proxima Centauri 3066:G. A. Chebotarev 3058: 3050: 3046: 3042: 2953: 2949: 2775:relative to the 2722:inner Oort cloud 2619: 2618: 2469: 2468: 2458: 2457: 2309: 2308: 2244: 2243: 2137: 2136: 2107:, consisting of 2056: 2055: 2040:hydrogen sulfide 1881: 1880: 1864:activity, where 1851: 1850: 1804: 1742: 1741: 1650: 1649: 1563: 1562: 1544:greenhouse gases 1537: 1536: 1503: 1502: 1415: 1355: 1319:planetary system 1122:Earth's diameter 1064: 1060: 1033:angular momentum 1026:numerical models 864:heavier elements 860:planetary nebula 726: 713:pre-solar nebula 663:Proxima Centauri 660: 408:24,000–28,000 ly 343: 327: 303:Planetary system 108:Proxima Centauri 85:Orion–Cygnus Arm 76: 38: 31: 27: 23135: 23134: 23130: 23129: 23128: 23126: 23125: 23124: 23095: 23094: 23093: 23083: 23081: 23069: 23059: 23057: 23047: 23045: 23035: 23033: 23025: 23023: 23018: 22987: 22931:(Akaa, Finland) 22917: 22908: 22860: 22855: 22825: 22820: 22808: 22790: 22715: 22684:Milky Way novae 22620:Smallest volume 22564: 22545:Radial velocity 22468: 22462: 22414:Common envelope 22390: 22289: 22258:Helioseismology 22229:Bipolar outflow 22170:Microturbulence 22165:Convection zone 22146: 22040:Lithium burning 22027:Nucleosynthesis 22017: 21899: 21808: 21535: 21414: 21363:Molecular cloud 21344: 21331: 21326: 21296: 21283: 21277: 21256: 21236: 21227: 21189: 21183: 21170: 21157: 21144: 21134: 21121: 21120: 21113: 21088:red dwarf 21077: 21070:Alpha Centauri 21059: 21040: 21031: 21010: 20991: 20974: 20965: 20956: 20926: 20921: 20909: 20897: 20889: 20882: 20873: 20866: 20861:X-ray telescope 20859: 20852: 20843: 20836: 20829: 20822: 20815: 20808: 20801: 20794: 20787: 20780: 20771: 20764: 20757: 20750: 20741: 20734: 20727: 20720: 20713: 20706: 20699: 20692: 20681: 20674: 20667: 20660: 20653: 20646: 20639: 20632: 20625: 20618: 20611: 20604: 20596: 20585: 20578: 20569: 20562: 20555: 20548: 20541: 20534: 20527: 20520: 20513: 20506: 20499: 20492: 20485: 20472: 20467:Multi-messenger 20465: 20458: 20451: 20444: 20437: 20430: 20423: 20412: 20405: 20396: 20389: 20382: 20375: 20372: 20363: 20358: 20351: 20344: 20333: 20324: 20317: 20306: 20295: 20290:Space telescope 20288: 20281: 20274: 20267: 20249: 20242: 20235: 20228: 20221: 20214: 20205: 20198: 20191: 20183: 20178: 20148: 20143: 20137: 20135: 20134: 20128: 20121: 20114: 20107: 20101: 20095: 20089: 20082: 20075: 20068: 20061: 20054: 20047: 20032: 20030: 20020: 20018: 20008: 20006: 19993: 19984: 19948: 19885: 19869:vs. Hill sphere 19795:Molecular cloud 19723:Sample curation 19703:Detached object 19642: 19635: 19479: 19471: 19408: 19395: 19340:Neptune trojans 19123: 19121: 19119: 19112: 19048: 18741: 18612: 18594: 18480: 18443: 18436: 18431: 18401: 18391: 18386: 18384: 18374: 18369: 18367: 18357: 18352: 18350: 18346:from Wikisource 18340: 18335: 18333: 18323: 18318: 18316: 18306: 18301: 18299: 18289: 18284: 18282: 18278:from Wiktionary 18272: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18258:sister projects 18255:at Knowledge's 18214: 18211: 18210: 18209: 18189: 18188: 18184: 18177: 18176: 18165: 18159: 18157: 18154:This audio file 18151: 18144: 18135: 18132: 18126: 18122: 18121: 18117: 18114: 18109: 18108: 18098: 18096: 18086: 18082: 18072: 18070: 18058: 18054: 18044: 18042: 18030: 18026: 18019: 17996: 17992: 17982: 17980: 17975: 17974: 17970: 17960: 17958: 17950: 17949: 17945: 17935: 17933: 17921: 17917: 17907: 17905: 17887: 17883: 17873: 17871: 17858: 17857: 17853: 17843: 17841: 17826: 17822: 17812: 17810: 17795: 17791: 17781: 17779: 17770: 17769: 17765: 17755: 17753: 17738: 17734: 17700: 17696: 17686: 17684: 17623: 17619: 17612: 17596: 17592: 17553: 17549: 17539: 17537: 17533: 17494: 17488: 17484: 17474: 17472: 17465: 17442: 17438: 17428: 17426: 17419: 17393: 17389: 17376: 17374: 17350: 17322: 17320: 17305: 17301: 17297: 17264: 17260: 17250: 17248: 17235: 17234: 17230: 17220: 17218: 17167: 17163: 17140: 17136: 17126: 17124: 17109: 17093: 17089: 17082: 17068:Wiley-Blackwell 17056: 17052: 17031: 17027: 17017: 17015: 17008: 16992: 16988: 16978: 16976: 16921: 16917: 16907: 16905: 16852: 16848: 16838: 16836: 16821: 16812: 16802: 16800: 16739: 16735: 16684: 16680: 16670: 16668: 16653: 16637: 16633: 16623: 16621: 16606: 16602: 16561: 16557: 16524: 16520: 16469: 16465: 16455: 16453: 16446: 16430: 16423: 16374: 16370: 16318: 16314: 16251: 16247: 16196: 16192: 16132: 16128: 16053: 16049: 15984: 15977: 15914: 15910: 15853: 15849: 15791: 15787: 15780: 15758: 15754: 15744: 15742: 15725: 15721: 15672: 15668: 15654: 15650: 15634: 15633: 15599: 15595: 15548: 15544: 15534: 15532: 15483: 15479: 15469: 15467: 15418: 15414: 15404: 15402: 15398: 15347: 15334: 15330: 15284:Physics Reports 15279: 15275: 15265: 15263: 15250: 15249: 15245: 15235: 15233: 15218: 15211: 15164: 15157: 15147: 15145: 15130: 15126: 15061: 15057: 15047: 15045: 15041: 14990: 14984: 14980: 14970: 14968: 14955: 14954: 14950: 14897: 14893: 14886: 14868: 14864: 14854: 14852: 14839: 14838: 14834: 14824: 14822: 14818: 14807: 14803: 14802: 14798: 14788: 14786: 14743: 14739: 14698: 14694: 14651: 14647: 14624: 14620: 14610: 14608: 14595: 14594: 14590: 14580: 14578: 14562: 14558: 14494: 14490: 14425: 14421: 14411: 14409: 14396: 14395: 14391: 14381: 14379: 14336: 14332: 14270: 14266: 14256: 14254: 14239: 14235: 14224: 14222: 14218: 14193: 14187: 14178: 14168: 14166: 14154: 14147: 14143: 14089: 14082: 14078: 14023: 14012: 13958: 13951: 13947: 13910: 13906: 13852: 13848: 13838: 13836: 13823: 13822: 13818: 13808: 13806: 13791: 13787: 13777: 13775: 13771: 13765: 13754: 13746: 13742: 13689: 13685: 13628: 13624: 13614: 13612: 13598: 13594: 13584: 13582: 13569: 13568: 13564: 13519: 13515: 13505: 13503: 13490: 13489: 13485: 13475: 13473: 13462: 13458: 13448: 13446: 13431: 13415: 13411: 13401: 13399: 13385: 13381: 13371: 13369: 13360: 13359: 13355: 13345: 13343: 13339: 13325: 13310: 13301: 13292: 13282: 13280: 13267: 13266: 13262: 13252: 13250: 13246: 13213: 13207: 13203: 13172: 13168: 13126: 13122: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13075: 13069: 13065: 13013: 13009: 12999: 12997: 12993: 12942: 12936: 12932: 12922: 12920: 12916: 12865: 12856: 12852: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12795: 12788: 12781: 12759: 12752: 12742: 12740: 12722: 12718: 12663:(7494): 72–75. 12651: 12647: 12624:. p. 161. 12617: 12613: 12603: 12601: 12586: 12582: 12572: 12570: 12566: 12517: 12507: 12503: 12493: 12491: 12478: 12477: 12473: 12440: 12436: 12387: 12383: 12352: 12348: 12309:Esposito, L. W. 12306: 12302: 12292: 12290: 12279: 12275: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12210: 12204: 12197: 12165: 12159: 12152: 12142: 12140: 12135: 12134: 12130: 12120: 12118: 12109: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12077: 12070: 12060: 12058: 12054: 12007: 12001: 11997: 11948: 11944: 11934: 11932: 11919: 11918: 11914: 11906: 11900: 11885: 11879: 11875: 11865: 11863: 11848: 11844: 11797: 11793: 11746: 11742: 11732: 11730: 11723: 11707: 11703: 11688: 11680:. p. 240. 11670: 11666: 11635: 11628: 11618: 11616: 11612: 11601: 11595: 11591: 11581: 11579: 11566: 11565: 11561: 11551: 11549: 11514: 11507: 11497: 11495: 11482: 11481: 11477: 11440: 11436: 11387: 11383: 11339: 11332: 11328: 11279: 11275: 11265: 11263: 11250: 11249: 11245: 11234: 11230: 11207: 11203: 11193: 11191: 11182: 11181: 11177: 11167: 11165: 11144: 11140: 11093: 11089: 11052: 11048: 11038: 11036: 11023: 11022: 11018: 11008: 11006: 10988: 10981: 10971: 10969: 10948: 10944: 10934: 10932: 10919: 10918: 10914: 10904: 10902: 10887: 10883: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10856: 10850: 10846: 10812: 10808: 10763: 10759: 10750: 10742: 10740: 10731: 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10710: 10661: 10655: 10651: 10641: 10639: 10628: 10624: 10614: 10612: 10577: 10573: 10563: 10561: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10490: 10486: 10476: 10474: 10470: 10437: 10431: 10427: 10404: 10400: 10390: 10388: 10367: 10363: 10353: 10351: 10342: 10341: 10337: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10294: 10288: 10284: 10274: 10272: 10259: 10258: 10251: 10241: 10239: 10190: 10186: 10137: 10133: 10100: 10096: 10090:Wayback Machine 10081: 10077: 10067: 10065: 10003: 9999: 9989: 9987: 9974: 9973: 9969: 9959: 9957: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9930: 9928: 9923:. 6 June 2023. 9915: 9914: 9910: 9896: 9894: 9885: 9884: 9880: 9870: 9868: 9853: 9852: 9848: 9838: 9836: 9819: 9815: 9803: 9795: 9793: 9778: 9774: 9735: 9731: 9719: 9715:Wayback Machine 9704:Wayback Machine 9692: 9688: 9678: 9676: 9661: 9657: 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9617: 9616: 9612: 9602: 9600: 9569: 9565: 9527: 9523: 9513: 9511: 9496: 9492: 9482: 9480: 9465: 9461: 9454: 9436: 9432: 9422: 9420: 9419:on 8 March 2010 9411: 9410: 9406: 9356:Metzger, Philip 9353: 9349: 9339: 9337: 9329: 9328: 9324: 9314: 9312: 9305: 9289: 9285: 9275: 9273: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9228: 9224: 9214: 9212: 9197: 9193: 9183: 9181: 9174:"Climate Zones" 9170: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9132: 9128: 9121: 9105: 9101: 9091: 9089: 9088:on 8 April 2010 9080: 9079: 9075: 9065: 9063: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9008: 9004: 8994: 8992: 8991:on 14 June 2007 8988: 8977: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8955: 8954:on 14 June 2007 8951: 8944: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8869: 8863: 8859: 8849: 8847: 8834: 8833: 8829: 8786: 8782: 8750:10.1.1.676.5383 8724: 8720: 8710: 8708: 8697: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8680:on 21 July 2018 8677: 8646:10.1.1.715.4402 8631:(4503): 62–76. 8620: 8607: 8600: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8463:Schaefer, Laura 8459: 8455: 8445: 8443: 8430: 8429: 8425: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8325: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8270: 8266: 8256: 8254: 8239: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8203: 8187: 8183: 8159:10.1.1.254.7940 8122: 8118: 8079: 8075: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8009: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7981: 7979: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7954: 7928: 7924: 7885: 7881: 7871: 7869: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7804: 7800: 7749: 7745: 7675: 7671: 7661: 7659: 7636: 7632: 7581: 7568: 7563:Wayback Machine 7548: 7546: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7509: 7507: 7490: 7486: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7404:on 15 July 2010 7396: 7395: 7391: 7381: 7379: 7370: 7369: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7352:on 10 July 2016 7338: 7334: 7324: 7322: 7307: 7303: 7256: 7252: 7242: 7240: 7197: 7193: 7183: 7181: 7166: 7162: 7111: 7107: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7023: 7016: 7006: 7004: 6997: 6981: 6977: 6928: 6924: 6909: 6882: 6875: 6860: 6840:Apostol, Tom M. 6833: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6679: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6648: 6644: 6629: 6611: 6607: 6574: 6570: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6484: 6480: 6470: 6468: 6453: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6423: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6383: 6381: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6327: 6320: 6310: 6308: 6304: 6293: 6287: 6278: 6261: 6257: 6218: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6093: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6070:cfa.harvard.edu 6064: 6063: 6059: 6018: 6014: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5943: 5934: 5924: 5922: 5873: 5869: 5814: 5810: 5795: 5751: 5747: 5702: 5698: 5657: 5653: 5621:astroph/0306477 5602: 5598: 5559: 5552: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5458: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5427: 5414: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5340: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5282:(5706): 68–71. 5270: 5266: 5222: 5218: 5199: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5165: 5156: 5141:10.1038/NGEO941 5113: 5109: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5005: 5004: 4997: 4940: 4936: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4844: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4824:on 11 June 2020 4810: 4806: 4790:10.1.1.575.5091 4765: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4697: 4693: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4398: 4379: 4368: 4366: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4177: 4171: 4164: 4155: 4151: 4138: 4134: 4125: 4121: 4115:Wayback Machine 4096:Wayback Machine 4075: 4071: 4047: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4020: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 3993: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3934: 3930: 3912: 3908: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3870: 3852: 3848: 3830: 3826: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3751: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3742: 3732: 3725: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3593:Artemis program 3544:Albert Einstein 3452:rings of Saturn 3417:Pierre Gassendi 3403:Johannes Kepler 3356: 3350: 3310:Galactic Center 3252: 3238: 3229: 3225: 3109:Diagram of the 3103: 3091:Main articles: 3089: 3056: 3049:100,000 AU 3048: 3044: 3041:125,000 AU 3040: 2974: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2896: 2884:Main articles: 2882: 2837:Comet Hale–Bopp 2830: 2824: 2819: 2773:peculiar motion 2749: 2687:semi-major axes 2674:distant objects 2654: 2648: 2616: 2615: 2596: 2590: 2464: 2463: 2455: 2454: 2447: 2436:" belt and the 2402: 2396: 2376: 2351:semi-major axes 2347: 2341: 2304: 2303: 2239: 2238: 2186:Saturn's E ring 2132: 2131: 2051: 2050: 1991: 1985: 1960: 1948: 1941: 1934:Lagrange points 1924:Hilda asteroids 1917:asteroid family 1876: 1875: 1846: 1845: 1802: 1795: 1754:are those with 1735:asteroid groups 1732: 1731: 1712: 1706: 1645: 1644: 1606:plate tectonics 1590:climate regions 1558: 1557: 1532: 1531: 1498: 1497: 1493:and volcanoes. 1428: 1422: 1413: 1393: 1353: 1221: 1215: 1180:habitable zones 1172: 1140: 1134: 1079:Platonic solids 1071:Titius–Bode law 1062: 1058: 1046: 943: 914: 904: 876: 816: 724: 702:molecular cloud 686: 681: 675: 658: 637:. Around 75–90 458:molecular cloud 419: 409: 404:Galactic Center 403: 381:Galactic Center 339: 333:Semi-major axis 325: 265: 264: 196: 195: 128: 127: 95: 94: 72: 52: 51: 49: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23133: 23123: 23122: 23117: 23112: 23107: 23092: 23091: 23079: 23067: 23065:Earth sciences 23055: 23043: 23020: 23019: 23017: 23016: 23011: 23006: 23001: 22995: 22993: 22989: 22988: 22986: 22985: 22980: 22974: 22968: 22965:Planet Lofoten 22962: 22956: 22950: 22944: 22941:Kystagerparken 22938: 22932: 22925: 22923: 22919: 22918: 22911: 22909: 22907: 22906: 22901: 22900: 22899: 22889: 22884: 22879: 22874: 22868: 22866: 22862: 22861: 22854: 22853: 22846: 22839: 22831: 22822: 22821: 22819: 22818: 22806: 22795: 22792: 22791: 22789: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22752: 22751: 22746: 22745: 22744: 22739: 22723: 22721: 22717: 22716: 22714: 22713: 22708: 22703: 22702: 22701: 22696: 22686: 22681: 22676: 22671: 22666: 22661: 22656: 22655: 22654: 22649: 22648: 22647: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22617: 22615:Largest volume 22612: 22607: 22602: 22592: 22591: 22590: 22585: 22574: 22572: 22566: 22565: 22563: 22562: 22557: 22552: 22547: 22542: 22541: 22540: 22535: 22530: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22505: 22500: 22499: 22498: 22493: 22488: 22483: 22472: 22470: 22464: 22463: 22461: 22460: 22455: 22454: 22453: 22448: 22443: 22433: 22428: 22427: 22426: 22421: 22416: 22411: 22400: 22398: 22392: 22391: 22389: 22388: 22383: 22378: 22373: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22328: 22326:Magnetic field 22323: 22318: 22313: 22308: 22303: 22297: 22295: 22291: 22290: 22288: 22287: 22282: 22277: 22272: 22267: 22262: 22261: 22260: 22250: 22249: 22248: 22243: 22236:Accretion disk 22233: 22232: 22231: 22226: 22216: 22215: 22214: 22212:Alfvén surface 22209: 22207:Stellar corona 22204: 22199: 22194: 22184: 22182:Radiation zone 22179: 22178: 22177: 22172: 22162: 22156: 22154: 22148: 22147: 22145: 22144: 22139: 22138: 22137: 22132: 22127: 22122: 22117: 22107: 22102: 22097: 22092: 22087: 22082: 22077: 22072: 22067: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22047: 22042: 22037: 22031: 22029: 22023: 22022: 22019: 22018: 22016: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21989: 21988: 21983: 21980: 21972: 21971: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21920: 21915: 21909: 21907: 21901: 21900: 21898: 21897: 21892: 21891: 21890: 21880: 21875: 21874: 21873: 21868: 21867: 21866: 21861: 21851: 21841: 21840: 21839: 21829: 21824: 21818: 21816: 21810: 21809: 21807: 21806: 21804:Blue straggler 21801: 21800: 21799: 21789: 21784: 21783: 21782: 21772: 21771: 21770: 21765: 21760: 21755: 21750: 21745: 21740: 21735: 21730: 21720: 21715: 21714: 21713: 21708: 21703: 21693: 21692: 21691: 21681: 21680: 21679: 21674: 21669: 21659: 21654: 21653: 21652: 21647: 21642: 21632: 21627: 21622: 21617: 21616: 21615: 21610: 21600: 21599: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21583: 21578: 21573: 21568: 21562:Main sequence 21560: 21555: 21549: 21543: 21541:Classification 21537: 21536: 21534: 21533: 21532: 21531: 21526: 21516: 21511: 21506: 21501: 21496: 21491: 21486: 21481: 21480: 21479: 21477:Protoplanetary 21469: 21464: 21463: 21462: 21457: 21447: 21446: 21445: 21435: 21430: 21424: 21422: 21416: 21415: 21413: 21412: 21407: 21402: 21397: 21396: 21395: 21390: 21385: 21380: 21370: 21365: 21360: 21354: 21352: 21346: 21345: 21343: 21342: 21336: 21333: 21332: 21325: 21324: 21317: 21310: 21302: 21293: 21292: 21289: 21288: 21285: 21284: 21282: 21281: 21274:WISE 0855−0714 21270: 21268: 21261: 21246: 21245: 21242: 21241: 21238: 21237: 21235: 21234: 21231: 21220: 21218: 21209: 21199: 21198: 21195: 21194: 21191: 21190: 21188: 21187: 21177: 21174: 21164: 21161: 21151: 21148: 21138: 21131:Barnard's Star 21127: 21125: 21115: 21114: 21112: 21111: 21093: 21086: 21083: 21082: 21081: 21068: 21057: 21050: 21048: 21042: 21041: 21039: 21038: 21035: 21024: 21022: 21013: 21001: 21000: 20997: 20996: 20993: 20992: 20983: 20967: 20966: 20955: 20954: 20947: 20940: 20932: 20923: 20922: 20920: 20919: 20907: 20894: 20891: 20890: 20888: 20887: 20880: 20879: 20878: 20871: 20864: 20850: 20849: 20848: 20841: 20834: 20827: 20813: 20806: 20799: 20792: 20785: 20778: 20777: 20776: 20762: 20755: 20748: 20739: 20732: 20725: 20718: 20711: 20708:Astrochemistry 20704: 20697: 20689: 20687: 20683: 20682: 20680: 20679: 20672: 20665: 20658: 20651: 20644: 20641:Hale Telescope 20637: 20630: 20623: 20616: 20609: 20601: 20599: 20591: 20590: 20587: 20586: 20584: 20583: 20576: 20575: 20574: 20560: 20553: 20546: 20539: 20532: 20525: 20518: 20511: 20504: 20497: 20490: 20482: 20480: 20474: 20473: 20471: 20470: 20463: 20456: 20449: 20442: 20435: 20428: 20420: 20418: 20414: 20413: 20411: 20410: 20403: 20402: 20401: 20387: 20380: 20374:Visible-light 20370: 20356: 20349: 20341: 20339: 20335: 20334: 20332: 20331: 20330: 20329: 20315: 20303: 20301: 20297: 20296: 20294: 20293: 20286: 20279: 20272: 20264: 20262: 20255: 20251: 20250: 20248: 20247: 20240: 20233: 20226: 20219: 20212: 20211: 20210: 20196: 20188: 20185: 20184: 20177: 20176: 20169: 20162: 20154: 20145: 20144: 20041: 20040: 20028: 20016: 20004: 19998: 19995: 19994: 19990: 19989: 19986: 19985: 19983: 19982: 19977: 19972: 19967: 19962: 19956: 19954: 19950: 19949: 19947: 19946: 19941: 19940: 19939: 19934: 19924: 19919: 19914: 19909: 19904: 19899: 19893: 19891: 19887: 19886: 19884: 19883: 19881:Scattered disc 19878: 19873: 19872: 19871: 19861: 19856: 19855: 19854: 19849: 19848: 19847: 19837: 19832: 19827: 19822: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19731: 19730: 19725: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19680: 19675: 19670: 19669: 19668: 19666:Excretion disk 19661:Accretion disk 19658: 19653: 19651:Star formation 19647: 19645: 19637: 19636: 19634: 19633: 19628: 19623: 19618: 19613: 19608: 19603: 19598: 19597: 19596: 19586: 19581: 19576: 19575: 19574: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19553: 19552: 19547: 19542: 19540:space stations 19532: 19531: 19530: 19525: 19515: 19514: 19513: 19508: 19503: 19493: 19487: 19485: 19473: 19472: 19470: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19419: 19413: 19411: 19400: 19397: 19396: 19394: 19393: 19388: 19387: 19386: 19381: 19379:Scattered disc 19376: 19371: 19366: 19365: 19364: 19359: 19344: 19343: 19342: 19337: 19327: 19326: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19264: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19247: 19246: 19241: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19211: 19210: 19209: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19166: 19161: 19160: 19159: 19154: 19144: 19139: 19134: 19128: 19126: 19114: 19113: 19111: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19095: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19070: 19065: 19058: 19056: 19050: 19049: 19047: 19046: 19045: 19044: 19034: 19033: 19032: 19022: 19021: 19020: 19010: 19009: 19008: 18998: 18997: 18996: 18991: 18981: 18980: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18949: 18948: 18947: 18937: 18936: 18935: 18930: 18925: 18920: 18910: 18909: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18873: 18872: 18871: 18866: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18816: 18815: 18814: 18809: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18784: 18783: 18782: 18777: 18767: 18766: 18765: 18760: 18751: 18749: 18743: 18742: 18740: 18739: 18738: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18687: 18686: 18685: 18684: 18683: 18678: 18668: 18667: 18666: 18661: 18646: 18645: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18618: 18616: 18599: 18596: 18595: 18593: 18592: 18585: 18578: 18571: 18564: 18557: 18550: 18543: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18521: 18516: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18441: 18438: 18437: 18430: 18429: 18422: 18415: 18407: 18400: 18399: 18382: 18365: 18363:from Wikibooks 18348: 18331: 18329:from Wikiquote 18314: 18297: 18280: 18251: 18249: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18208: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18191: 18190: 18179: 18178: 18166: 18152: 18145: 18133: 18116: 18115: 18113: 18112:External links 18110: 18107: 18106: 18080: 18052: 18024: 18017: 18001:, ed. (2010). 17999:Glenday, Craig 17990: 17968: 17943: 17915: 17881: 17851: 17820: 17789: 17763: 17732: 17710:(4): 361–364. 17694: 17637:(5): 454–458. 17617: 17611:978-1351020138 17610: 17590: 17563:(4): 377–387. 17547: 17505:(5): 335–348. 17482: 17463: 17436: 17418:978-0816524501 17417: 17387: 17385: 17384: 17357: 17334:"solar system" 17329: 17295: 17258: 17228: 17181:(2): 218–234. 17161: 17134: 17107: 17087: 17080: 17050: 17025: 17007:978-0300186611 17006: 16986: 16935:(4): 681–702. 16915: 16866:(3): 213–219. 16846: 16810: 16733: 16720:10.1086/424960 16696:(2): 872–884. 16678: 16651: 16631: 16600: 16571:(1): 221–238. 16555: 16518: 16505:10.1086/321556 16481:(1): 181–202. 16463: 16445:978-1107016385 16444: 16421: 16368: 16312: 16245: 16190: 16126: 16047: 15975: 15908: 15847: 15808:(2): L32:1–2. 15785: 15778: 15752: 15719: 15666: 15648: 15593: 15542: 15477: 15434:(1): 633–649. 15412: 15328: 15273: 15243: 15209: 15155: 15124: 15055: 15027:10.1086/339704 14978: 14948: 14891: 14884: 14862: 14832: 14796: 14737: 14692: 14671:(1): 316–324. 14645: 14618: 14588: 14556: 14488: 14419: 14389: 14330: 14264: 14233: 14176: 14152: 14141: 14087: 14076: 14010: 13956: 13945: 13924:(1): 331–334. 13904: 13869:(5831): 1585. 13846: 13816: 13785: 13764:978-0816527557 13763: 13740: 13683: 13622: 13592: 13562: 13513: 13483: 13456: 13429: 13409: 13379: 13353: 13323: 13290: 13260: 13249:on 7 June 2011 13201: 13182:(2): 851–862. 13166: 13120: 13063: 13026:(1): 113–124. 13007: 12979:10.1086/375207 12955:(1): 430–443. 12930: 12902:10.1086/501524 12878:(1): L43–L46. 12850: 12802: 12786: 12780:978-0120885893 12779: 12750: 12716: 12645: 12611: 12580: 12501: 12471: 12452:(1): 258–273. 12434: 12421:10.1086/426329 12381: 12346: 12300: 12273: 12195: 12150: 12128: 12102: 12068: 12018:(5713): 1234. 11995: 11942: 11912: 11898: 11873: 11842: 11791: 11740: 11722:978-0521410083 11721: 11701: 11686: 11664: 11626: 11589: 11559: 11505: 11475: 11469:10.1086/497571 11454:(6): 2900–11. 11434: 11381: 11337: 11326: 11273: 11243: 11228: 11201: 11175: 11138: 11087: 11066:(6): 841–853. 11046: 11016: 10979: 10942: 10925:Universe Today 10912: 10881: 10844: 10825:(2): 140–145. 10806: 10757: 10724: 10672:(6): 569–576. 10649: 10622: 10571: 10541: 10519:10.1086/429734 10484: 10450:(2): 338–347. 10425: 10414:(2): 757–765. 10398: 10361: 10335: 10282: 10249: 10206:(1): L49–L54. 10184: 10131: 10112:(1): 312–315. 10094: 10075: 9997: 9967: 9956:on 3 June 2009 9941: 9908: 9878: 9846: 9813: 9772: 9745:(1): 133–161. 9729: 9686: 9655: 9640: 9610: 9563: 9542:(3): 155–180. 9521: 9510:on 31 May 2010 9490: 9459: 9452: 9430: 9404: 9347: 9322: 9304:978-1009040334 9303: 9283: 9253: 9236:Universe Today 9222: 9191: 9164: 9126: 9119: 9099: 9073: 9043: 9002: 8965: 8930: 8857: 8827: 8780: 8718: 8691: 8610:Head, James W. 8598: 8562: 8523:(9): 786–792. 8500: 8494:978-0816540655 8493: 8453: 8423: 8380: 8350: 8323: 8295: 8264: 8228: 8201: 8181: 8134:(2): 307–313. 8116: 8110:10.1086/152434 8073: 8019: 8004:Solar Center. 7989: 7959: 7952: 7922: 7879: 7853: 7840:10.1086/423612 7816:(1): 497–507. 7798: 7743: 7669: 7630: 7566: 7537: 7517: 7484: 7447: 7415: 7389: 7363: 7332: 7301: 7272:10.1086/349957 7266:(2): 196–200. 7250: 7191: 7160: 7105: 7050: 7043: 7014: 6996:978-0429682803 6995: 6975: 6938:(1): 581–631. 6922: 6907: 6873: 6858: 6824: 6797: 6777: 6700: 6673: 6642: 6627: 6615:Donahue, Megan 6605: 6568: 6509: 6502: 6478: 6444: 6417: 6365: 6334:Pitjeva, E. V. 6318: 6276: 6255: 6212: 6186: 6164: 6107:(7): 580–584. 6087: 6057: 6034:(1): 117–128. 6012: 5998: 5959:(1): 155–163. 5932: 5867: 5808: 5793: 5745: 5696: 5651: 5596: 5550: 5537:10.1086/321795 5513:(2): 417–437. 5491: 5446: 5439: 5412: 5399:10.1086/429160 5357: 5339:978-0309041935 5338: 5317: 5264: 5232:(2). id. 146. 5216: 5190: 5154: 5127:(9): 637–641. 5107: 5058: 5028: 4995: 4934: 4889: 4835: 4804: 4756: 4691: 4678:10.1086/375207 4654:(1): 430–443. 4636: 4610: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4539: 4509: 4479: 4453: 4423: 4377: 4341: 4308: 4282: 4252: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4162: 4149: 4132: 4119: 4077:Capitalization 4069: 4050: 4046: 4023: 4019: 3996: 3992: 3969: 3965: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3792:and the north 3777: 3758: 3723: 3719:Scattered Disc 3701: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3641: 3627: 3611: 3608: 3589:Apollo program 3482:laws of motion 3460:solar parallax 3352:Main article: 3349: 3346: 3317:Sagittarius A* 3303:galactic plane 3237: 3234: 3226:50,000 AU 3172:Radcliffe Wave 3131:Sun-like stars 3123:Alpha Centauri 3088: 3085: 3057:70,000 AU 3045:50,000 AU 2959: 2956: 2943:zodiacal light 2881: 2878: 2826:Main article: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2802:fluid dynamics 2748: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2650:Main article: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2594:Scattered disc 2592:Main article: 2589: 2588:Scattered disc 2586: 2585: 2584: 2574: 2559: 2537: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2474:. Pluto has a 2472:ecliptic plane 2445: 2398:Main article: 2395: 2392: 2375: 2372: 2368:10199 Chariklo 2343:Main article: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2322: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2273: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2208: 2189: 2166: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2105:Galilean moons 2101: 2063:Great Red Spot 2044:carbon dioxide 1987:Main article: 1984: 1981: 1959: 1956: 1952:Jupiter trojan 1946: 1939: 1921: 1920: 1907: 1888:HED meteorites 1873: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1783: 1773: 1767: 1708:Main article: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1673:differentiated 1661:carbon dioxide 1657:white ice caps 1642: 1641: 1640: 1637:partial vacuum 1629:impact craters 1555: 1540:carbon dioxide 1529: 1424:Main article: 1421: 1418: 1416:from the Sun. 1392: 1389: 1381:magnetic poles 1379:seen near the 1307:galactic bulge 1217:Main article: 1214: 1211: 1171: 1168: 1136:Main article: 1133: 1130: 1065:from the Sun. 1045: 1042: 986:Halley's Comet 942: 939: 930:light pressure 903: 900: 875: 872: 815: 812: 793:proposes that 685: 682: 677:Main article: 674: 671: 633:, forming the 480:. Astronomers 444:system of the 432: 431: 425: 424:Orbital period 421: 420: 417: 415: 411: 410: 407: 405: 399: 398: 395: 392:galactic plane 384: 383: 376: 375: 372: 366: 365: 362: 356: 355: 352: 346: 345: 336: 329: 328: 323: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 300: 299: 296: 289: 288: 285: 278: 277: 274: 267: 266: 263: 262: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 208: 207: 205: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 152: 151: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 120:Alpha Centauri 117: 110: 104: 103: 101: 97: 96: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 69: 68: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23132: 23121: 23118: 23116: 23115:Space science 23113: 23111: 23108: 23106: 23103: 23102: 23100: 23090: 23080: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23066: 23056: 23054: 23044: 23042: 23032: 23031: 23028: 23015: 23012: 23010: 23007: 23005: 23002: 23000: 22997: 22996: 22994: 22990: 22984: 22981: 22978: 22975: 22972: 22969: 22966: 22963: 22960: 22957: 22954: 22951: 22948: 22945: 22942: 22939: 22936: 22933: 22930: 22927: 22926: 22924: 22920: 22915: 22905: 22902: 22898: 22895: 22894: 22893: 22890: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22873: 22870: 22869: 22867: 22863: 22859: 22852: 22847: 22845: 22840: 22838: 22833: 22832: 22829: 22817: 22812: 22807: 22805: 22797: 22796: 22793: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22776:Intergalactic 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22756:Galactic year 22754: 22750: 22747: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22734: 22733: 22730: 22729: 22728: 22725: 22724: 22722: 22718: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22700: 22697: 22695: 22692: 22691: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22680: 22677: 22675: 22672: 22670: 22667: 22665: 22662: 22660: 22657: 22653: 22650: 22646: 22643: 22642: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22635:Most luminous 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22597: 22596: 22593: 22589: 22586: 22584: 22581: 22580: 22579: 22576: 22575: 22573: 22571: 22567: 22561: 22558: 22556: 22553: 22551: 22550:Proper motion 22548: 22546: 22543: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22529: 22526: 22525: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22513:Constellation 22511: 22509: 22506: 22504: 22501: 22497: 22494: 22492: 22489: 22487: 22484: 22482: 22481:Solar eclipse 22479: 22478: 22477: 22474: 22473: 22471: 22467:Earth-centric 22465: 22459: 22456: 22452: 22449: 22447: 22444: 22442: 22439: 22438: 22437: 22434: 22432: 22429: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22410: 22407: 22406: 22405: 22402: 22401: 22399: 22397: 22393: 22387: 22384: 22382: 22379: 22377: 22374: 22372: 22369: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22298: 22296: 22292: 22286: 22283: 22281: 22278: 22276: 22273: 22271: 22268: 22266: 22263: 22259: 22256: 22255: 22254: 22251: 22247: 22244: 22242: 22239: 22238: 22237: 22234: 22230: 22227: 22225: 22222: 22221: 22220: 22217: 22213: 22210: 22208: 22205: 22203: 22200: 22198: 22195: 22193: 22190: 22189: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22176: 22173: 22171: 22168: 22167: 22166: 22163: 22161: 22158: 22157: 22155: 22153: 22149: 22143: 22140: 22136: 22133: 22131: 22128: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22116: 22113: 22112: 22111: 22108: 22106: 22103: 22101: 22098: 22096: 22093: 22091: 22088: 22086: 22083: 22081: 22078: 22076: 22073: 22071: 22068: 22066: 22065:Alpha process 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22032: 22030: 22028: 22024: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21987: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21976: 21975: 21973: 21969: 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21925: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21910: 21908: 21906: 21902: 21896: 21893: 21889: 21886: 21885: 21884: 21881: 21879: 21876: 21872: 21869: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21856: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21846: 21845: 21842: 21838: 21837:Helium planet 21835: 21834: 21833: 21830: 21828: 21827:Parker's star 21825: 21823: 21820: 21819: 21817: 21815: 21811: 21805: 21802: 21798: 21795: 21794: 21793: 21790: 21788: 21785: 21781: 21778: 21777: 21776: 21773: 21769: 21766: 21764: 21761: 21759: 21758:Lambda Boötis 21756: 21754: 21751: 21749: 21746: 21744: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21726: 21725: 21724: 21721: 21719: 21716: 21712: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21702: 21699: 21698: 21697: 21694: 21690: 21687: 21686: 21685: 21682: 21678: 21675: 21673: 21670: 21668: 21665: 21664: 21663: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21641: 21638: 21637: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21621: 21618: 21614: 21611: 21609: 21606: 21605: 21604: 21601: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21587: 21584: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21572: 21569: 21567: 21564: 21563: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21551: 21550: 21547: 21544: 21542: 21538: 21530: 21527: 21525: 21524:Superluminous 21522: 21521: 21520: 21517: 21515: 21512: 21510: 21507: 21505: 21502: 21500: 21497: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21485: 21482: 21478: 21475: 21474: 21473: 21470: 21468: 21465: 21461: 21458: 21456: 21453: 21452: 21451: 21448: 21444: 21441: 21440: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21428:Main sequence 21426: 21425: 21423: 21421: 21417: 21411: 21408: 21406: 21405:Hayashi track 21403: 21401: 21398: 21394: 21391: 21389: 21386: 21384: 21381: 21379: 21376: 21375: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21355: 21353: 21351: 21347: 21341: 21338: 21337: 21334: 21330: 21323: 21318: 21316: 21311: 21309: 21304: 21303: 21300: 21275: 21272: 21271: 21269: 21265: 21262: 21260: 21259:rogue planets 21255: 21251: 21247: 21232: 21225: 21222: 21221: 21219: 21217: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21204: 21200: 21181: 21178: 21175: 21168: 21165: 21162: 21155: 21154:Lalande 21185 21152: 21149: 21142: 21139: 21132: 21129: 21128: 21126: 21124: 21116: 21110: 21106: 21102: 21098: 21094: 21091: 21087: 21084: 21075: 21072: 21071: 21069: 21066: 21058: 21055: 21052: 21051: 21049: 21047: 21043: 21036: 21029: 21026: 21025: 21023: 21021: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21009:Main-sequence 21006: 21002: 20987: 20984: 20981: 20972: 20968: 20964: 20961: 20953: 20948: 20946: 20941: 20939: 20934: 20933: 20930: 20917: 20908: 20905: 20896: 20895: 20892: 20885: 20881: 20876: 20872: 20869: 20865: 20862: 20858: 20857: 20855: 20851: 20846: 20842: 20839: 20835: 20832: 20828: 20825: 20821: 20820: 20818: 20814: 20811: 20807: 20804: 20800: 20797: 20793: 20790: 20786: 20783: 20779: 20774: 20770: 20769: 20767: 20766:Constellation 20763: 20760: 20756: 20753: 20749: 20746: 20745: 20740: 20737: 20733: 20730: 20726: 20723: 20719: 20716: 20712: 20709: 20705: 20702: 20698: 20695: 20691: 20690: 20688: 20684: 20677: 20673: 20670: 20666: 20663: 20659: 20656: 20652: 20649: 20645: 20642: 20638: 20635: 20631: 20628: 20624: 20621: 20617: 20614: 20610: 20607: 20603: 20602: 20600: 20598: 20592: 20581: 20577: 20572: 20568: 20567: 20565: 20561: 20558: 20554: 20551: 20547: 20544: 20540: 20537: 20533: 20530: 20526: 20523: 20519: 20516: 20512: 20509: 20505: 20502: 20498: 20495: 20491: 20488: 20484: 20483: 20481: 20479: 20475: 20468: 20464: 20461: 20457: 20454: 20450: 20447: 20443: 20440: 20436: 20433: 20429: 20426: 20422: 20421: 20419: 20417:Other methods 20415: 20408: 20404: 20399: 20395: 20394: 20392: 20388: 20385: 20381: 20378: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20357: 20354: 20353:Submillimetre 20350: 20347: 20343: 20342: 20340: 20336: 20327: 20323: 20322: 20320: 20316: 20313: 20312:Extragalactic 20309: 20305: 20304: 20302: 20298: 20291: 20287: 20284: 20280: 20277: 20276:Observational 20273: 20270: 20266: 20265: 20263: 20259: 20256: 20252: 20245: 20241: 20238: 20234: 20231: 20227: 20224: 20220: 20217: 20213: 20208: 20204: 20203: 20201: 20197: 20194: 20190: 20189: 20186: 20182: 20175: 20170: 20168: 20163: 20161: 20156: 20155: 20152: 20142: 20133: 20126: 20119: 20112: 20106: 20100: 20094: 20087: 20080: 20073: 20066: 20059: 20052: 20045: 20039: 20029: 20027: 20017: 20015: 20005: 20003: 20000: 19999: 19996: 19981: 19980:Tidal locking 19978: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19960:Double planet 19958: 19957: 19955: 19951: 19945: 19942: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19930: 19929: 19928: 19925: 19923: 19920: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19912:Minor planets 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19894: 19892: 19888: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19870: 19867: 19866: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19853: 19850: 19846: 19845:Merging stars 19843: 19842: 19841: 19838: 19836: 19833: 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19817: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19721: 19720: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19667: 19664: 19663: 19662: 19659: 19657: 19654: 19652: 19649: 19648: 19646: 19644: 19638: 19632: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19617: 19614: 19612: 19609: 19607: 19604: 19602: 19599: 19595: 19592: 19591: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19573: 19570: 19569: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19551: 19548: 19546: 19543: 19541: 19538: 19537: 19536: 19533: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19520: 19519: 19516: 19512: 19509: 19507: 19504: 19502: 19499: 19498: 19497: 19494: 19492: 19489: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19478: 19474: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19447:Subsatellites 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19425: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19414: 19412: 19410: 19407:Hypothetical 19404: 19401: 19392: 19389: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19370: 19367: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19353: 19350: 19349: 19348: 19345: 19341: 19338: 19336: 19333: 19332: 19331: 19328: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19280: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19273:Asteroid belt 19271: 19269: 19266: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19245: 19242: 19240: 19237: 19236: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19216: 19215: 19212: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19169: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19149: 19148: 19147:Minor planets 19145: 19143: 19140: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19129: 19127: 19125: 19115: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19078: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19063: 19060: 19059: 19057: 19055: 19051: 19043: 19040: 19039: 19038: 19035: 19031: 19028: 19027: 19026: 19023: 19019: 19016: 19015: 19014: 19011: 19007: 19004: 19003: 19002: 18999: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18986: 18985: 18982: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18954: 18953: 18950: 18946: 18943: 18942: 18941: 18938: 18934: 18931: 18929: 18926: 18924: 18921: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18914: 18911: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18878: 18877: 18874: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18821: 18820: 18817: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18789: 18788: 18785: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18772: 18771: 18768: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18755: 18753: 18752: 18750: 18748: 18744: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18688: 18682: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18673: 18672: 18669: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18656: 18655: 18652: 18651: 18650: 18647: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18624: 18623: 18620: 18619: 18617: 18615: 18610: 18606: 18603: 18602: 18597: 18591: 18590: 18586: 18584: 18583: 18579: 18577: 18576: 18572: 18570: 18569: 18565: 18563: 18562: 18558: 18556: 18555: 18551: 18549: 18548: 18544: 18542: 18541: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18514: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18484: 18439: 18435: 18428: 18423: 18421: 18416: 18414: 18409: 18408: 18405: 18397:from Wikidata 18396: 18395: 18383: 18379: 18378: 18366: 18362: 18361: 18349: 18345: 18344: 18332: 18328: 18327: 18315: 18312:from Wikinews 18311: 18310: 18298: 18294: 18293: 18281: 18277: 18276: 18264: 18263: 18260: 18254: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18225: 18224: 18218: 18213: 18212: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18174: 18170: 18155: 18095: 18091: 18084: 18069: 18068: 18063: 18056: 18041: 18040: 18035: 18028: 18020: 18014: 18010: 18006: 18005: 18000: 17994: 17978: 17972: 17957: 17953: 17947: 17932: 17931: 17926: 17919: 17904: 17900: 17896: 17892: 17885: 17869: 17865: 17861: 17855: 17839: 17835: 17834:New Scientist 17831: 17824: 17808: 17804: 17800: 17793: 17777: 17773: 17767: 17751: 17747: 17743: 17736: 17730: 17725: 17721: 17717: 17713: 17709: 17705: 17698: 17682: 17678: 17674: 17670: 17666: 17662: 17658: 17654: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17636: 17632: 17628: 17621: 17613: 17607: 17603: 17602: 17594: 17586: 17582: 17578: 17574: 17570: 17566: 17562: 17558: 17551: 17532: 17528: 17524: 17520: 17516: 17512: 17508: 17504: 17500: 17493: 17486: 17470: 17466: 17460: 17456: 17455: 17450: 17446: 17440: 17424: 17420: 17414: 17410: 17406: 17402: 17398: 17391: 17372: 17368: 17367: 17362: 17358: 17354: 17346: 17342: 17341: 17335: 17330: 17318: 17314: 17313: 17308: 17304: 17303: 17299: 17290: 17285: 17281: 17277: 17273: 17269: 17262: 17246: 17242: 17238: 17232: 17216: 17212: 17208: 17204: 17200: 17196: 17192: 17188: 17184: 17180: 17176: 17172: 17165: 17157: 17153: 17149: 17145: 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14952: 14944: 14940: 14936: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14918: 14914: 14910: 14906: 14902: 14895: 14887: 14885:9780521804318 14881: 14877: 14873: 14866: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14836: 14817: 14813: 14806: 14800: 14784: 14780: 14776: 14772: 14768: 14764: 14760: 14756: 14752: 14748: 14741: 14733: 14729: 14725: 14721: 14717: 14713: 14710:(1–3): 1–11. 14709: 14705: 14704: 14696: 14687: 14682: 14678: 14674: 14670: 14666: 14665: 14660: 14658: 14649: 14641: 14637: 14633: 14629: 14622: 14606: 14602: 14598: 14592: 14577: 14573: 14572: 14567: 14560: 14552: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14518: 14514: 14510: 14506: 14505: 14500: 14492: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14458: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14440: 14436: 14435: 14430: 14423: 14407: 14403: 14399: 14393: 14377: 14373: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14357: 14353: 14350:(A9): 15157. 14349: 14345: 14341: 14334: 14326: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14308: 14304: 14300: 14296: 14292: 14288: 14284: 14280: 14276: 14268: 14252: 14248: 14244: 14237: 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12662: 12658: 12657: 12649: 12641: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12623: 12615: 12600:on 2 May 2009 12599: 12595: 12591: 12584: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12524: 12516: 12512: 12505: 12489: 12485: 12481: 12475: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12446: 12438: 12430: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12385: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12350: 12342: 12338: 12334: 12330: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12310: 12304: 12288: 12284: 12277: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12221:(1): 261–95. 12220: 12216: 12209: 12202: 12200: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12164: 12157: 12155: 12138: 12132: 12116: 12112: 12106: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12075: 12073: 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12006: 11999: 11991: 11987: 11983: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11959: 11955: 11954: 11946: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11916: 11905: 11901: 11899:0-521-81808-7 11895: 11891: 11884: 11877: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11846: 11838: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11795: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11751: 11744: 11728: 11724: 11718: 11714: 11713: 11705: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11668: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11640: 11633: 11631: 11611: 11607: 11600: 11593: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11563: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11512: 11510: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11479: 11470: 11465: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11438: 11430: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11385: 11376: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11330: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11277: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11247: 11239: 11238:Asteroids III 11232: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11205: 11189: 11185: 11179: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11149: 11142: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11091: 11082: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11050: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11020: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10984: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10953: 10946: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10885: 10866: 10862: 10855: 10848: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10820: 10819: 10810: 10802: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10761: 10754: 10738: 10734: 10728: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10660: 10653: 10637: 10633: 10626: 10610: 10606: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10575: 10559: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10488: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10444: 10436: 10429: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10409: 10402: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10377: 10372: 10369:Baalke, Ron. 10365: 10349: 10345: 10339: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10299:Asteroids III 10293: 10286: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10256: 10254: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10205: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10188: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10135: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10106: 10098: 10091: 10087: 10084: 10079: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10001: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9971: 9955: 9951: 9945: 9938: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9905: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9866: 9862: 9861: 9856: 9850: 9834: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9817: 9810: 9809:public domain 9791: 9787: 9783: 9776: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9733: 9726: 9725:public domain 9716: 9712: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9690: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9659: 9651: 9644: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9567: 9558: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9525: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9494: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9463: 9455: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9434: 9418: 9414: 9408: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 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7505: 7501: 7500: 7495: 7488: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7459: 7451: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7336: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7305: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7254: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7054: 7046: 7044:0-937707-93-7 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7021: 7019: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6908:0-201-02010-6 6904: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6878: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6829: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6798:0-87044-356-9 6794: 6790: 6789: 6781: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6716: 6711: 6704: 6688: 6684: 6677: 6661: 6657: 6656:New Scientist 6653: 6646: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6609: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6572: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6521:Levison, H.F. 6516: 6514: 6505: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6482: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6449: 6432: 6428: 6421: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6396: 6379: 6375: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6346:(1): 98–105. 6345: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6303: 6299: 6292: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6216: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6174: 6173:"The Planets" 6168: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6091: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6061: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6016: 6008: 6002: 5994: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5794:9783527629190 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5614:(A12): 1437. 5613: 5609: 5608: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5563:Solar Physics 5557: 5555: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5495: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5361: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5195: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5115:Bouvier, A.; 5111: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5046: 5042: 5041:astro4edu.org 5038: 5032: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4893: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4840: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4640: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4575:Other sources 4557: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4313: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4270: 4266: 4265:astro.gsu.edu 4262: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4129: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4048: 4044: 4021: 4017: 3994: 3990: 3967: 3963: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3795: 3794:galactic pole 3791: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3711:Asteroid Belt 3706: 3702: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3642: 3639: 3628: 3625: 3614: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3546:'s theory of 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3497:Emanuel Bowen 3493: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3456:Edmond Halley 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3423:in 1631, and 3422: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3360: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3287:galactic year 3283: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3246:Galactic year 3243: 3233: 3223: 3222:Scholz's Star 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191:star clusters 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3067: 3062: 3054: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015:galactic tide 3012: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2932:meteor shower 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2855:, creating a 2854: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2753: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2617:dwarf planets 2612: 2610: 2600: 2595: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2510:binary system 2507: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2476:2:3 resonance 2473: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2456:dwarf planets 2451: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2418: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2259:internal heat 2256: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1983:Outer planets 1980: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:giant planets 1955: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886:and numerous 1885: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1799:asteroid belt 1793:Asteroid belt 1787: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1711: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1610:magnetosphere 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1552:lid tectonics 1549: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:thrust faults 1507: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1420:Inner planets 1417: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:space weather 1366: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340:) called the 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326:magnetosphere 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1289:The Sun is a 1287: 1285: 1282:stars in the 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272:hottest stars 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1257:visible light 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1181: 1176: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1077:based on the 1076: 1072: 1066: 1050: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 976: 972: 964: 963:outer planets 959: 952: 951:inner planets 947: 938: 936: 931: 926: 924: 919: 913: 909: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 884:asteroid belt 881: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 851: 849: 844: 835: 831: 829: 825: 821: 811: 809: 805: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 777: 776:main-sequence 773: 769: 768:reaction rate 765: 760: 757: 752: 750: 746: 741: 739: 734: 730: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 695: 690: 680: 670: 668: 664: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 612:asteroid belt 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548:dwarf planets 544: 542: 541:giant planets 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 430: 429:million years 426: 422: 416: 414:Orbital speed 412: 406: 400: 396: 393: 389: 385: 382: 377: 373: 371: 367: 363: 361: 357: 353: 351: 347: 342: 337: 334: 330: 324: 322: 318: 315: 312: 310: 306: 301: 297: 295: 290: 286: 284: 279: 275: 273: 268: 261: 260: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 209: 206: 204: 199: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 150: 146: 143: 140: 136: 131: 123: 121: 118: 115: 111: 109: 106: 105: 102: 98: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 59: 55: 48: 44: 37: 32: 26: 22: 23105:Solar System 23041:Solar System 22999:Solar System 22998: 22679:White dwarfs 22669:Brown dwarfs 22652:Most distant 22600:Most massive 22578:Proper names 22538:Photographic 22491:Solar System 22490: 22469:observations 22396:Star systems 22219:Stellar wind 22202:Chromosphere 22175:Oscillations 22055:Helium flash 21905:Hypothetical 21883:X-ray binary 21822:Compact star 21657:Bright giant 21410:Henyey track 21388:Herbig Ae/Be 21207:Brown dwarfs 21122:(red dwarfs) 21065:Solar System 21064: 20742: 20722:Astrophysics 20701:Astrobiology 20365:Far-infrared 20319:Local system 20318: 20254:Astronomy by 20244:... in space 20136:Each arrow ( 20058:Local Bubble 20044:Solar System 20043: 20042: 19835:Planetesimal 19790:Kuiper cliff 19518:Space probes 19491:Colonization 19330:Kirkwood gap 19251:Saturn Moons 19164:Planetesimal 18622:Terrestrials 18587: 18580: 18573: 18566: 18559: 18552: 18545: 18538: 18511: 18434:Solar System 18433: 18392: 18375: 18358: 18341: 18324: 18307: 18295:from Commons 18290: 18273: 18253:Solar System 18252: 18221: 18195:Online books 18186:Solar System 18185: 18099:23 September 18097:. Retrieved 18093: 18083: 18071:. Retrieved 18065: 18055: 18043:. Retrieved 18037: 18027: 18009:Bantam Books 18007:. New York: 18003: 17993: 17981:. Retrieved 17971: 17959:. Retrieved 17955: 17946: 17934:. Retrieved 17928: 17918: 17906:. Retrieved 17894: 17884: 17872:. Retrieved 17863: 17854: 17842:. Retrieved 17833: 17823: 17811:. Retrieved 17807:the original 17802: 17792: 17780:. Retrieved 17772:"Fact Sheet" 17766: 17754:. Retrieved 17745: 17735: 17707: 17703: 17697: 17685:. Retrieved 17634: 17630: 17620: 17600: 17593: 17560: 17556: 17550: 17538:. Retrieved 17502: 17498: 17485: 17473:. Retrieved 17453: 17439: 17427:. Retrieved 17400: 17390: 17375:. Retrieved 17365: 17338: 17321:. Retrieved 17310: 17298: 17271: 17267: 17261: 17249:. Retrieved 17240: 17231: 17219:. Retrieved 17178: 17174: 17164: 17147: 17143: 17137: 17125:. Retrieved 17097: 17090: 17061: 17053: 17034: 17028: 17016:. Retrieved 16996: 16989: 16977:. Retrieved 16932: 16928: 16918: 16906:. 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In 1677, 3407:Tycho Brahe 3372:Renaissance 3312:(where the 3272:light-years 3230:100 AU 3165:superbubble 3061:Hill sphere 3026:Planet Nine 3019:tidal force 3009:(~0.9 2994:Kuiper belt 2968:Planet Nine 2909:micrometers 2894:Cosmic dust 2843:Comets are 2781:heliosheath 2765:heliosphere 2700:ETNOs have 2680:(dark blue) 2678:Planet Nine 2424:are marked. 2410:Kuiper belt 2400:Kuiper belt 2394:Kuiper belt 2364:2060 Chiron 2140:ring system 1977:sublimation 1896:metamorphic 1803:3.3 AU 1514:ray systems 1512:and bright 1483:atmospheres 1354:100 AU 1330:heliosphere 1295:spiral arms 1255:peaking in 1192:Planet Nine 1145:cosmic rays 1059:5.2 AU 902:Composition 892:Kuiper belt 856:white dwarf 780:heliosphere 725:200 AU 715:collapsed, 635:heliosphere 616:Kuiper belt 527:); and two 478:photosphere 452:it. It was 402:Distance to 394:inclination 370:Hill sphere 23099:Categories 22953:Nine Views 22694:Candidates 22689:Supernovae 22674:Red dwarfs 22533:Extinction 22321:Kinematics 22316:Luminosity 22294:Properties 22187:Atmosphere 22085:Si burning 22075:Ne burning 22013:White hole 21986:Quasi-star 21913:Blue dwarf 21768:Technetium 21684:Hypergiant 21662:Supergiant 21230:0.0011 ly) 21186:0.0009 ly) 21160:0.0007 ly) 21147:0.0013 ly) 21137:0.0004 ly) 21080:0.0022 ly) 21034:0.0054 ly) 20782:Photometry 20759:Binoculars 20736:Astrometry 20597:telescopes 20494:Babylonian 20338:EM methods 20216:Astronomer 20118:Local Hole 20065:Gould Belt 19805:Oort cloud 19641:Formation, 19631:Deep space 19467:Vulcanoids 19384:Oort cloud 19308:first 1000 19244:Greek camp 19142:Meteoroids 19137:Damocloids 19083:Charikloan 18326:Quotations 18169:Audio help 18160:2021-05-31 18073:18 January 17644:2102.04248 17355:required.) 17251:27 October 17070:. p. 16760:1904.05721 16397:2311.12171 16338:1502.04655 16274:2001.08748 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338:30.07 AU ( 326:~5 AU 321:Frost line 133:Population 23053:Astronomy 22904:Tellurion 22882:Astrarium 22625:Brightest 22523:Magnitude 22503:Pole star 22424:Symbiotic 22419:Eclipsing 22351:Starlight 22152:Structure 22142:Supernova 22135:Micronova 22130:Recurrent 22115:Symbiotic 22100:p-process 22095:r-process 22090:s-process 22080:O burning 22070:C burning 22050:CNO cycle 21993:Gravastar 21529:Hypernova 21519:Supernova 21494:Dredge-up 21467:Blue loop 21460:super-AGB 21443:Red clump 21420:Evolution 21378:Protostar 21358:Accretion 21350:Formation 21280:0.041 ly) 21224:Luhman 16 21173:0.012 ly) 20854:Telescope 20460:Spherical 20407:Gamma-ray 20376:(optical) 20181:Astronomy 20079:Milky Way 20072:Orion Arm 19840:Formation 19825:Migration 19820:Disrupted 19688:Coatlicue 19656:Accretion 19643:evolution 19589:Asteroids 19501:astronomy 19496:Discovery 19357:Cubewanos 19278:Asteroids 19108:Quaoarian 19098:Neptunian 19088:Chironean 19073:Saturnian 18849:Enceladus 18377:Resources 18360:Textbooks 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E04S06. 8923:11 August 8910:133864520 8902:1752-0894 8818:121301247 8767:0148-0227 8745:CiteSeerX 8641:CiteSeerX 8537:0025-5769 8333:961476196 8310:Astronomy 8154:CiteSeerX 8068:246842719 7901:(1): 12. 7793:118052299 7738:119187392 7730:1538-3881 7625:119119390 7315:Astronomy 7296:145268784 7280:0021-1753 7233:0002-9505 7155:119255559 7130:1203.4898 7100:118681206 7075:1104.1032 6895:(1989) . 6868:227002144 6744:1476-4687 6311:3 January 6147:256708667 5966:0801.4031 5803:118414100 5768:0903.3008 5691:120275197 5591:120541081 5545:118940644 5239:1101.3090 4990:119235554 4963:1309.2629 4872:0004-6299 4785:CiteSeerX 4301:14 August 4247:118492541 4239:0004-6256 4214:1407.4820 4207:(5): 91. 4045:α 4018:β 3991:α 3964:β 3932:β 3925:⁡ 3910:β 3903:⁡ 3885:α 3881:− 3872:α 3865:⁡ 3850:β 3843:⁡ 3828:β 3821:⁡ 3812:ψ 3809:⁡ 3776:ψ 3550:in 1915. 3280:thin disk 3264:Milky Way 3184:Orion Arm 3142:exoplanet 3135:red dwarf 2950:to about 2926:, called 2907:~30 2886:Meteoroid 2865:Hale–Bopp 2849:sublimate 2811:bow shock 2702:perihelia 2698:scattered 2566:classical 2552:ellipsoid 2434:classical 2359:perturbed 2174:Enceladus 2163:shepherds 1970:and many 1756:perihelia 1704:Asteroids 1548:stripping 1467:silicates 1457:, and no 1414:5 AU 1405:silicates 1401:asteroids 1299:Milky Way 1284:Milky Way 1243:, mostly 1102:Stockholm 923:asteroids 848:red giant 733:accretion 729:protostar 667:Milky Way 592:asteroids 287:1,368,528 90:Milky Way 22804:Category 22699:Remnants 22595:Extremes 22555:Parallax 22528:Apparent 22518:Asterism 22496:Sunlight 22446:Globular 22431:Multiple 22356:Variable 22346:Rotation 22306:Dynamics 22197:Starspot 21871:Magnetar 21814:Remnants 21630:Subgiant 21603:Subdwarf 21455:post-AGB 21180:Ross 154 21141:Wolf 359 21099:?; Bc?; 20904:Category 20613:Category 20508:Egyptian 20425:Neutrino 20360:Infrared 20308:Galactic 20283:Sidewalk 20237:Glossary 20207:Timeline 20132:Universe 19970:Moonlets 19550:programs 19523:timeline 19511:timeline 19442:Planet X 19437:Planet V 19374:Sednoids 19362:Plutinos 19335:Centaurs 19313:families 19042:Dysnomia 19030:Xiangliu 19025:Gonggong 19013:Makemake 18972:Kerberos 18859:Hyperion 18797:Callisto 18792:Ganymede 18725:Gonggong 18720:Makemake 18575:Gonggong 18568:Makemake 18171: · 18045:13 March 17908:20 April 17868:Archived 17844:20 April 17838:Archived 17813:20 April 17776:Archived 17756:20 April 17750:Archived 17681:Archived 17531:Archived 17527:54867823 17469:Archived 17451:(1997). 17423:Archived 17377:18 March 17371:Archived 17323:17 March 17317:Archived 17245:Archived 17215:Archived 17121:Archived 17012:Archived 16973:Archived 16969:54021858 16902:Archived 16833:Archived 16797:Archived 16728:16568545 16671:29 March 16665:Archived 16661:56727455 16618:Archived 16513:15757160 16450:Archived 16363:40618530 16331:(1): 4. 16299:31910431 16240:54224451 16177:31910431 16113:35022612 15962:27558064 15745:10 April 15739:Archived 15535:20 April 15529:Archived 15470:20 April 15464:Archived 15382:24670765 15343:(2014). 15291:: 1–53. 15260:Archived 15230:Archived 15196:11214311 15142:Archived 15039:Archived 15035:38710056 14965:Archived 14963:. 2003. 14816:Archived 14789:10 April 14783:Archived 14611:31 March 14605:Archived 14406:Archived 14376:Archived 14325:36874191 14257:29 March 14251:Archived 14163:Archived 14005:46766640 13971:(1): 5. 13899:21468196 13891:17569855 13833:Archived 13803:Archived 13769:Archived 13731:Wikidata 13609:Archived 13579:Archived 13500:Archived 13470:Archived 13443:Archived 13402:25 March 13396:Archived 13366:Archived 13337:Archived 13306:(2008). 13283:31 March 13277:Archived 13104:Archived 13058:14820512 12991:Archived 12987:54079935 12914:Archived 12737:Archived 12703:24670644 12573:31 March 12564:Archived 12552:17793016 12488:Archived 12429:18688556 12287:Archived 12266:21 April 12257:Archived 12253:13282788 12115:Archived 12095:21 April 12089:Archived 12085:phys.org 12061:21 April 12052:Archived 12040:15731439 11982:17960236 11935:31 March 11929:Archived 11837:21272762 11829:10325220 11778:15919987 11733:13 April 11727:Archived 11576:Archived 11546:Archived 11492:Archived 11429:59474402 11313:21796207 11260:Archived 11168:22 April 11162:Archived 11125:22582256 11039:22 April 11033:Archived 11003:Archived 10972:22 April 10966:Archived 10935:14 April 10929:Archived 10905:22 April 10899:Archived 10865:Archived 10737:Archived 10708:Archived 10636:Archived 10609:Archived 10558:Archived 10477:22 March 10354:10 March 10348:Archived 10319:Archived 10269:Archived 10236:Archived 10086:Archived 10062:Archived 10018:(1): 5. 9931:21 April 9925:Archived 9917:"Deimos" 9897:21 April 9891:Archived 9855:"Phobos" 9833:Archived 9796:22 April 9767:45843366 9711:Archived 9700:Archived 9627:Archived 9597:Archived 9530:(2007). 9514:17 March 9483:12 April 9477:Archived 9423:15 March 9315:12 April 9309:Archived 9270:Archived 9240:Archived 9209:Archived 9184:24 March 9066:21 April 9060:Archived 8914:Archived 8850:21 April 8844:Archived 8775:22408219 8711:20 April 8671:17741171 8616:(1981). 8555:29 March 8549:Archived 8545:27971203 8440:Archived 8367:Archived 8337:Archived 8315:OpenStax 8282:Archived 8251:Archived 8215:Archived 8211:53443301 8176:14077895 8036:: A131. 8006:Archived 8002:Stanford 7976:Archived 7848:16419857 7662:31 March 7656:Archived 7559:Archived 7543:Archived 7434:Archived 7319:Archived 7237:Archived 7184:28 March 7178:Archived 7001:Archived 6970:55949289 6846:(2007). 6817:28 March 6811:Archived 6770:28 March 6764:Archived 6752:16688170 6687:Archived 6660:Archived 6555:14647375 6471:28 March 6465:Archived 6404:Archived 6378:Archived 6199:Archived 6197:. NASA. 6151:Archived 6074:Archived 5993:10073988 5919:Archived 5862:11606772 5740:15917802 5646:11148141 5484:10 April 5475:Archived 5407:15244154 5344:Archived 5312:27720602 5304:15637266 5177:Archived 5149:56092512 5102:55944238 5045:Archived 5021:19 April 5015:Archived 4876:Archived 4828:19 April 4818:nasa.gov 4743:Archived 4686:54079935 4629:19 April 4603:8 August 4556:Archived 4526:Archived 4496:Archived 4466:Archived 4440:Archived 4410:Archived 4363:Archived 4328:Archived 4295:Archived 4269:Archived 4111:Archived 4092:Archived 3610:See also 3295:Hercules 3209:and the 2718:sednoids 2714:detached 2639:Xiangliu 2635:Gonggong 2629:Dysnomia 2562:Makemake 2496:Kerberos 2480:plutinos 2339:Centaurs 2220:Hyperion 2159:moonlets 2113:Callisto 2109:Ganymede 2094:Amalthea 2090:Adrastea 1968:centaurs 1904:Veneneia 1892:basaltic 1866:volatile 1858:hydrated 1739:families 1710:Asteroid 1697:craters. 1669:minerals 1576:and 21% 1574:nitrogen 1522:basaltic 1487:tectonic 1399:and the 1315:universe 1245:radiated 1090:orreries 1021:aphelion 990:prograde 971:ecliptic 756:volatile 669:galaxy. 600:centaurs 576:Gonggong 572:Makemake 484:it as a 482:classify 354:50–70 AU 242:Gonggong 237:Makemake 65:Location 23027:Portals 22992:Related 22865:Devices 22771:Gravity 22720:Related 22640:Nearest 22588:Chinese 22436:Cluster 22409:Contact 22246:Proplyd 22120:Remnant 22008:Blitzar 21982:Hawking 21938:Strange 21888:Burster 21844:Neutron 21797:Extreme 21748:He-weak 21393:T Tauri 21226:(6.5029 21182:(9.7063 21156:(8.3044 21143:(7.8558 21133:(5.9629 21076:(4.3441 21030:(8.7094 20978:member 20976:Primary 20916:Commons 20868:history 20838:Russian 20686:Related 20595:Optical 20580:Tibetan 20564:Serbian 20557:Persian 20501:Chinese 20478:Culture 20398:History 20269:Amateur 20200:History 20193:Outline 19953:Related 19932:by size 19621:Neptune 19606:Jupiter 19557:Mercury 19482:outline 19427:Phaeton 19422:Nemesis 19409:objects 19261:Neptune 19234:Jupiter 19214:Trojans 19207:Neptune 19192:Jupiter 19172:Mercury 19103:Haumean 19093:Uranian 19075: ( 18989:Hiʻiaka 18923:Proteus 18913:Neptune 18901:Miranda 18891:Umbriel 18881:Titania 18869:all 146 18834:Iapetus 18787:Jupiter 18681:Neptune 18659:Jupiter 18627:Mercury 18609:Planets 18534:Neptune 18519:Jupiter 18492:Mercury 18158: ( 18129:minutes 17782:3 March 17774:. JPL. 17712:Bibcode 17687:1 April 17649:Bibcode 17565:Bibcode 17540:3 April 17519:3654879 17475:28 June 17429:7 April 17405:Bibcode 17307:"solar" 17276:Bibcode 17221:1 April 17183:Bibcode 17152:Bibcode 17127:1 April 17041:Bibcode 16979:1 April 16908:1 April 16898:2028999 16878:Bibcode 16803:1 April 16765:Bibcode 16753:: L10. 16708:Bibcode 16624:2 April 16583:Bibcode 16546:Bibcode 16534:: 185. 16493:Bibcode 16456:8 April 16402:Bibcode 16343:Bibcode 16279:Bibcode 16220:Bibcode 16157:Bibcode 16085:Bibcode 16012:Bibcode 15970:4451513 15942:Bibcode 15881:Bibcode 15820:Bibcode 15716:. A139. 15694:Bibcode 15617:Bibcode 15574:Bibcode 15511:Bibcode 15446:Bibcode 15390:4393431 15362:Bibcode 15303:Bibcode 15236:23 June 15176:Bibcode 15148:7 April 15089:Bibcode 15015:Bibcode 14913:Bibcode 14825:25 July 14759:Bibcode 14712:Bibcode 14673:Bibcode 14659:comets" 14636:Bibcode 14581:23 June 14543:1890983 14513:Bibcode 14453:Bibcode 14412:9 April 14382:9 April 14352:Bibcode 14316:9974711 14287:Bibcode 14208:Bibcode 14206:: 268. 14169:23 June 14114:Bibcode 14049:Bibcode 13983:Bibcode 13926:Bibcode 13871:Bibcode 13863:Science 13839:2 April 13809:16 July 13707:Bibcode 13656:Bibcode 13615:15 July 13585:9 April 13535:Bibcode 13506:9 April 13449:9 April 13346:9 April 13228:Bibcode 13184:Bibcode 13149:Bibcode 13088:Bibcode 13038:Bibcode 12967:Bibcode 12910:2578831 12890:Bibcode 12821:Bibcode 12711:4467484 12675:Bibcode 12636:Bibcode 12604:23 June 12560:1948948 12532:Bibcode 12523:Science 12454:Bibcode 12409:Bibcode 12364:Bibcode 12321:Bibcode 12293:6 April 12233:Bibcode 12178:Bibcode 12048:1058405 12020:Bibcode 12012:Science 11990:4330204 11962:Bibcode 11809:Bibcode 11801:Science 11758:Bibcode 11750:Science 11647:Bibcode 11530:Bibcode 11456:Bibcode 11409:Bibcode 11362:Bibcode 11293:Bibcode 11266:13 June 11219:Bibcode 11217:: 719. 11105:Bibcode 11097:Science 11068:Bibcode 11009:3 April 10874:19 July 10779:Bibcode 10735:. IAU. 10674:Bibcode 10642:30 July 10593:Bibcode 10564:1 March 10506:Bibcode 10452:Bibcode 10303:Bibcode 10218:Bibcode 10159:Bibcode 10114:Bibcode 10068:9 March 10058:7683815 10030:Bibcode 9990:1 March 9960:1 March 9871:19 July 9839:25 July 9747:Bibcode 9694:NASA – 9679:23 July 9603:9 April 9544:Bibcode 9380:Bibcode 9172:Staff. 9024:Bibcode 8882:Bibcode 8798:Bibcode 8737:Bibcode 8633:Bibcode 8625:Science 8581:Bibcode 8481:Bibcode 8446:2 April 8404:Bibcode 8373:1 April 8343:9 March 8288:1 April 8257:2 April 8221:1 April 8146:Bibcode 8097:Bibcode 8048:Bibcode 7982:6 April 7944:120–127 7903:Bibcode 7828:Bibcode 7773:Bibcode 7708:Bibcode 7648:Bibcode 7605:Bibcode 7549:6 April 7510:8 April 7467:Bibcode 7440:2 April 7325:9 April 7243:2 April 7213:Bibcode 7135:Bibcode 7080:Bibcode 7031:Bibcode 6950:Bibcode 6807:6533014 6760:4420518 6724:Bibcode 6588:Bibcode 6563:4395099 6535:Bibcode 6437:31 July 6410:12 July 6390:citing 6384:29 July 6348:Bibcode 6236:Bibcode 6205:6 April 6179:6 April 6119:Bibcode 6080:6 April 5971:Bibcode 5901:Bibcode 5830:Bibcode 5773:Bibcode 5718:Bibcode 5671:Bibcode 5626:Bibcode 5571:Bibcode 5525:Bibcode 5467:Bibcode 5387:Bibcode 5350:9 April 5284:Bibcode 5275:Science 5244:Bibcode 5207:Bibcode 5129:Bibcode 5080:Bibcode 4968:Bibcode 4860:Bibcode 4858:: 812. 4777:Bibcode 4725:Bibcode 4666:Bibcode 4369:18 July 4219:Bibcode 3576:Voyager 3532:Neptune 3509:a comet 3486:gravity 3484:and of 3436:Galileo 3127:G-Cloud 3115:G-Cloud 2984:of the 2928:meteors 2790:Cassini 2544:Hiʻiaka 2345:Centaur 2330:geysers 2306:Neptune 2293:Miranda 2285:Umbriel 2277:Titania 2270:chaotic 2224:Iapetus 2197:Telesto 2193:Calypso 2075:auroras 2053:Jupiter 2036:kelvins 2011:Neptune 1999:Jupiter 1930:Trojans 1598:deserts 1586:weather 1582:climate 1500:Mercury 1475:mantles 1436:Mercury 1377:aurorae 1328:is the 1297:of the 1006:ellipse 843:remnant 824:chaotic 799:migrate 711:As the 537:Neptune 521:Jupiter 515:); two 501:Mercury 493:planets 468:by the 440:is the 341:Neptune 191:Neptune 176:Jupiter 156:Mercury 148:Planets 22922:Models 22892:Orrery 22761:Galaxy 22749:Planet 22737:Desert 22645:bright 22583:Arabic 22404:Binary 22224:Bubble 21948:Planck 21923:Exotic 21859:Binary 21854:Pulsar 21792:Helium 21753:Barium 21696:Carbon 21689:Yellow 21677:Yellow 21650:Yellow 21489:PG1159 21276:(7.430 21267:Y-type 21216:L-type 21169:(8.724 21119:M-type 21056:(0 ly) 21046:G-type 21020:A-type 20884:Zodiac 20824:French 20529:Indian 20522:Hebrew 20261:Manner 20127: 20120: 20113: 20088: 20081: 20074: 20067: 20060: 20053: 20046: 19975:Syzygy 19897:Comets 19830:System 19815:Planet 19708:EXCEDE 19616:Uranus 19611:Saturn 19601:Comets 19594:mining 19572:mining 19462:Vulcan 19303:active 19298:Hygiea 19293:Pallas 19256:Uranus 19202:Uranus 19197:Saturn 19132:Comets 19124:bodies 19122:System 19068:Jovian 19006:Weywot 19001:Quaoar 18994:Namaka 18984:Haumea 18957:Charon 18933:all 16 18928:Nereid 18918:Triton 18906:all 28 18886:Oberon 18876:Uranus 18864:Phoebe 18844:Tethys 18819:Saturn 18812:all 95 18807:Europa 18780:Deimos 18775:Phobos 18754:Earth 18715:Quaoar 18710:Haumea 18690:Dwarfs 18676:Uranus 18664:Saturn 18649:Giants 18614:dwarfs 18561:Quaoar 18554:Haumea 18529:Uranus 18524:Saturn 18183:about 18015: 17901: 17729:(math) 17675: 17667: 17608: 17583: 17525: 17517: 17461: 17415: 17209: 17201: 17115: 17105: 17078: 17018:13 May 17004: 16967: 16959: 16896: 16839:1 June 16791: 16783: 16726: 16659: 16649: 16565:Icarus 16511: 16442: 16365:. L17. 16361: 16305: 16297: 16260:Nature 16238: 16183: 16175: 16138:Nature 16119: 16111: 16103: 16066:Nature 16040: 16032: 15968: 15960: 15923:Nature 15901: 15840: 15776: 15772:–163. 15712: 15682:: 13. 15388: 15380: 15353:Nature 15321: 15266:1 July 15202: 15194: 15168:Nature 15117: 15109: 15033: 14941: 14933: 14882: 14777: 14730: 14549: 14541: 14533: 14481: 14473: 14370: 14323: 14313: 14305: 14134: 14069: 14003: 13897: 13889: 13778:12 May 13761: 13733: 13725: 13698:Nature 13676: 13559:. 225. 13555: 13476:4 July 13437: 13427: 13372:5 July 13331: 13321: 13176:Icarus 13131:Icarus 13098: 13086:: 20. 13056: 12985: 12908: 12839: 12813:Icarus 12777: 12773:–620. 12709: 12701: 12693: 12656:Nature 12558: 12550: 12445:Icarus 12427: 12356:Icarus 12339: 12251: 12170:Icarus 12143:16 May 12121:16 May 12046: 12038: 11988: 11980: 11953:Nature 11896: 11835: 11827: 11786:924257 11784: 11776: 11719: 11694: 11684: 11427: 11391:Icarus 11319: 11311: 11284:Nature 11256:Cosmos 11131: 11123: 10837: 10799: 10751: 10702: 10534: 10526: 10443:Icarus 10275:3 June 10177: 10141:Icarus 10105:Icarus 10056: 10048: 9765: 9591: 9577:Nature 9450: 9398: 9361:Icarus 9301: 9117: 9022:(E4). 8908: 8900: 8816: 8773: 8765: 8747: 8669: 8643: 8543: 8535: 8491: 8331: 8321: 8209: 8199: 8174: 8156: 8127:Icarus 8066: 8012:23 May 7950: 7872:14 May 7846: 7791: 7736: 7728: 7623: 7535: 7528:Europa 7408:10 May 7382:10 May 7356:10 May 7294: 7288:227915 7286: 7278: 7231: 7153: 7098: 7041: 7007:10 May 6993: 6968: 6917:531535 6915: 6905: 6866: 6856: 6805: 6795: 6758: 6750: 6742: 6715:Nature 6693:15 May 6635: 6625: 6579:Icarus 6561: 6553: 6526:Nature 6500: 6339:Icarus 6175:. NASA 6145: 5991: 5860: 5850: 5801: 5791: 5738: 5710:Nature 5689: 5644: 5589: 5543: 5437: 5405: 5336: 5310: 5302: 5147: 5100: 4988: 4870: 4787: 4684: 4334:27 May 4245: 4237: 3955:where 3796:then: 3717:, and 3599:planet 3578:probes 3540:Vulcan 3520:Uranus 3513:Seneca 3289:. The 3248:, and 3205:, the 3199:Hyades 3113:, the 3099:, and 3017:, the 2970:, and 2916:nickel 2892:, and 2853:ionise 2822:Comets 2763:, the 2581:Weywot 2577:Quaoar 2548:Namaka 2540:Haumea 2506:Charon 2498:, and 2326:Triton 2291:, and 2281:Oberon 2241:Uranus 2231:Phoebe 2222:, and 2201:Helene 2180:, and 2178:Tethys 2134:Saturn 2121:Europa 2119:, and 2096:, and 2042:, and 2007:Uranus 2003:Saturn 1914:Pallas 1910:Pallas 1854:carbon 1827:Hygiea 1823:Pallas 1694:Deimos 1683:Phobos 1578:oxygen 1471:crusts 1338:plasma 1303:metals 1241:energy 994:Triton 941:Orbits 886:. The 789:, the 629:, the 606:, and 596:comets 582:, and 568:Quaoar 564:Haumea 533:Uranus 525:Saturn 470:fusion 294:comets 292:Known 281:Known 270:Known 256: 232:Quaoar 227:Haumea 201:Known 186:Uranus 181:Saturn 23077:Stars 22766:Guest 22570:Lists 22451:Super 22105:Fusor 21978:Black 21963:Quark 21943:Preon 21928:Boson 21864:X-ray 21780:Shell 21733:Ap/Bp 21635:Giant 21553:Early 21499:OH/IR 21329:Stars 21011:stars 20875:lists 20845:Women 20536:Inuit 20515:Greek 20453:Radar 20391:X-ray 20346:Radio 20326:Solar 19890:Lists 19626:Pluto 19584:Ceres 19562:Venus 19457:Tyche 19452:Theia 19288:Vesta 19283:Ceres 19224:Earth 19219:Venus 19182:Earth 19177:Venus 19157:moons 19120:Solar 19118:Small 19077:Rhean 19062:Earth 19054:Rings 18967:Hydra 18952:Pluto 18945:Vanth 18940:Orcus 18896:Ariel 18854:Mimas 18839:Dione 18824:Titan 18747:Moons 18735:Sedna 18705:Pluto 18700:Orcus 18695:Ceres 18637:Earth 18632:Venus 18589:Sedna 18547:Pluto 18540:Orcus 18513:Ceres 18502:Earth 18497:Venus 18343:Texts 18292:Media 17983:2 May 17961:2 May 17803:Wired 17673:S2CID 17639:arXiv 17581:S2CID 17534:(PDF) 17523:S2CID 17515:JSTOR 17495:(PDF) 17454:Comet 17349: 17207:S2CID 16965:S2CID 16894:S2CID 16868:arXiv 16789:S2CID 16755:arXiv 16724:S2CID 16698:arXiv 16573:arXiv 16536:arXiv 16509:S2CID 16483:arXiv 16392:arXiv 16359:S2CID 16333:arXiv 16303:S2CID 16269:arXiv 16242:. 13. 16236:S2CID 16210:arXiv 16181:S2CID 16147:arXiv 16117:S2CID 16075:arXiv 16038:S2CID 16002:arXiv 15966:S2CID 15932:arXiv 15905:. 41. 15899:S2CID 15871:arXiv 15810:arXiv 15710:S2CID 15684:arXiv 15607:arXiv 15564:arXiv 15501:arXiv 15436:arXiv 15399:(PDF) 15386:S2CID 15348:(PDF) 15319:S2CID 15293:arXiv 15200:S2CID 15115:S2CID 15079:arXiv 15042:(PDF) 15031:S2CID 15005:arXiv 14991:(PDF) 14939:S2CID 14911:(3). 14819:(PDF) 14808:(PDF) 14775:S2CID 14728:S2CID 14547:S2CID 14479:S2CID 14443:arXiv 14219:(PDF) 14194:(PDF) 14132:S2CID 14104:arXiv 14067:S2CID 14039:arXiv 14007:. 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