2276:
2373:
17194:
481:
472:
4005:, though it is possible to find each symbol in the other context. The first few asteroids were considered to be planets when they were discovered, and were likewise given abstract symbols, e.g. Ceres' sickle (⚳), Pallas' spear (⚴), Juno's sceptre (⚵), and Vesta's hearth (⚶). However, as their number rose further and further, this practice stopped in favour of numbering them instead. (Massalia, the first asteroid not named from mythology, is also the first asteroid that was not assigned a symbol by its discoverer.) The symbols for the first four asteroids, Ceres through Vesta, remained in use for longer than the others, and even in the modern day
366:
1285:
1815:
354:
4099:
1251:. In the Solar System, Mercury, Venus, Ceres, and Jupiter have very small tilts; Pallas, Uranus, and Pluto have extreme ones; and Earth, Mars, Vesta, Saturn, and Neptune have moderate ones. Among exoplanets, axial tilts are not known for certain, though most hot Jupiters are believed to have a negligible axial tilt as a result of their proximity to their stars. Similarly, the axial tilts of the planetary-mass moons are near zero, with Earth's Moon at 6.687° as the biggest exception; additionally, Callisto's axial tilt varies between 0 and about 2 degrees on timescales of thousands of years.
1247:. Each planet has two in the course of its orbit; when one hemisphere has its summer solstice with its day being the longest, the other has its winter solstice when its day is shortest. The varying amount of light and heat received by each hemisphere creates annual changes in weather patterns for each half of the planet. Jupiter's axial tilt is very small, so its seasonal variation is minimal; Uranus, on the other hand, has an axial tilt so extreme it is virtually on its side, which means that its hemispheres are either continually in sunlight or continually in darkness around the time of
2707:
610:
1880:
1050:
4135:
4126:
822:
4030:
3930:
4170:, and similar units are common in astronomy. Other planetary symbols today are mostly encountered in astrology. Astrologers have resurrected the old astronomical symbols for the first few asteroids and continue to invent symbols for other objects. This includes relatively standard astrological symbols for the dwarf planets discovered in the 21st century, which were not given symbols by astronomers because planetary symbols had mostly fallen out of use in astronomy by the time they were discovered. Many astrological symbols are included in
2610:
non-planets, this created an urgent situation because under the rules Eris could not be named without defining what a planet was. At the time, it was also thought that the size required for a trans-Neptunian object to become round was about the same as that required for the moons of the giant planets (about 400 km diameter), a figure that would have suggested about 200 round objects in the Kuiper belt and thousands more beyond. Many astronomers argued that the public would not accept a definition creating a large number of planets.
4093:
3939:
3906:
3861:
4117:
4108:
4075:
4066:
3924:
3915:
4084:
3879:
4153:
4057:
4039:
3870:
1987:
4144:
4048:
3897:
3852:
3888:
40:
3263:, believed that the seven gods after whom the planets were named took hourly shifts in looking after affairs on Earth. The order of shifts went Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon (from the farthest to the closest planet). Therefore, the first day was started by Saturn (1st hour), second day by Sun (25th hour), followed by Moon (49th hour), Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus. Because each day was named by the god that started it, this became the order of the
2747:
hydrostatic equilibrium is universally relaxed to a requirement for rounding and compaction under self-gravity; Mercury is not actually in hydrostatic equilibrium, but is universally included as a planet regardless.) Proponents of such definitions often argue that location should not matter and that planethood should be defined by the intrinsic properties of an object. Dwarf planets had been proposed as a category of small planet (as opposed to
1212:
1661:
2242:, the Greeks had begun to develop their own mathematical schemes for predicting the positions of the planets. These schemes, which were based on geometry rather than the arithmetic of the Babylonians, would eventually eclipse the Babylonians' theories in complexity and comprehensiveness and account for most of the astronomical movements observed from Earth with the naked eye. These theories would reach their fullest expression in the
1318:(that is, their orbits are in sync with their rotations). This means, they always show one face to their stars, with one side in perpetual day, the other in perpetual night. Mercury and Venus, the closest planets to the Sun, similarly exhibit very slow rotation: Mercury is tidally locked into a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance (rotating three times for every two revolutions around the Sun), and Venus's rotation may be in equilibrium between
1902:, often called "moons". Earth has one, Mars has two, and the giant planets have numerous moons in complex planetary-type systems. Except for Ceres and Sedna, all the consensus dwarf planets are known to have at least one moon as well. Many moons of the giant planets have features similar to those on the terrestrial planets and dwarf planets, and some have been studied as possible abodes of life (especially Europa and Enceladus).
1573:
18923:
2424:) and five of Saturn were discovered in the 17th century, they joined Earth's Moon in the category of "satellite planets" or "secondary planets" orbiting the primary planets, though in the following decades they would come to be called simply "satellites" for short. Scientists generally considered planetary satellites to also be planets until about the 1920s, although this usage was not common among non-scientists.
674:, a population that never comes close enough to the Sun to interact with any of the classical planets; the origins of their orbits are still being debated. All nine are similar to terrestrial planets in having a solid surface, but they are made of ice and rock rather than rock and metal. Moreover, all of them are smaller than Mercury, with Pluto being the largest known dwarf planet and Eris being the most massive.
18947:
17170:
1636:. Similar differentiation processes are believed to have occurred on some of the large moons and dwarf planets, though the process may not always have been completed: Ceres, Callisto, and Titan appear to be incompletely differentiated. The asteroid Vesta, though not a dwarf planet because it was battered by impacts out of roundness, has a differentiated interior similar to that of Venus, Earth, and Mars.
18959:
17182:
18935:
3186:
18911:
2928:. Although objects more massive than 75 times that of Jupiter fuse simple hydrogen, objects of 13 Jupiter masses can fuse deuterium. Deuterium is quite rare, constituting less than 0.0026% of the hydrogen in the galaxy, and most brown dwarfs would have ceased fusing deuterium long before their discovery, making them effectively indistinguishable from supermassive planets.
17416:
2984:
long; unlike hydrogen burning in a star, deuterium burning does not significantly affect the future evolution of an object. The relationship between mass and radius (or density) show no special feature at this limit, according to which brown dwarfs have the same physics and internal structure as lighter Jovian planets, and would more naturally be considered planets.
3081:. There are too many concordances between Greek and Babylonian naming conventions for them to have arisen separately. Given the differences in mythology, the correspondence was not perfect. For instance, the Babylonian Nergal was a god of war, and thus the Greeks identified him with Ares. Unlike Ares, Nergal was also a god of pestilence and ruler of the underworld.
12182:
knowledge in southern Iraq as early as the Late Uruk / Jemdet Nasr Period, as do the archaic texts of the period. Whether or not one accepts the seal as authentic, the fact that there is no epithetical distinction between the morning and evening appearances of Venus in any later
Mesopotamian literature attests to a very, very early recognition of the phenomenon.
1169:, is the plane perpendicular to the observer's line of sight from Earth. The orbits of the eight major planets of the Solar System all lie very close to the ecliptic; however, some smaller objects like Pallas, Pluto, and Eris orbit at far more extreme angles to it, as do comets. The large moons are generally not very inclined to their parent planets'
2798:, like the early modern astronomers. Some go even further and include as planets relatively large, geologically evolved bodies that are nonetheless not very round today, such as Pallas and Vesta; rounded bodies that were completely disrupted by impacts and re-accreted like Hygiea; or even everything at least the diameter of Saturn's moon
977:, with a mass 5.5–10.4 times the mass of Earth, attracted attention upon its discovery for potentially being in the habitable zone, though later studies concluded that it is actually too close to its star to be habitable. Planets more massive than Jupiter are also known, extending seamlessly into the realm of brown dwarfs.
1469:. This effectively means that all planets are spherical or spheroidal. Up to a certain mass, an object can be irregular in shape, but beyond that point, which varies depending on the chemical makeup of the object, gravity begins to pull an object towards its own centre of mass until the object collapses into a sphere.
2582:) during the 1990s and early 2000s. Pluto was found to be just one "small" body in a population of thousands. They often referred to the demotion of the asteroids as a precedent, although that had been done based on their geophysical differences from planets rather than their being in a belt. Some of the larger
2609:
The announcement of Eris in 2005, an object 27% more massive than Pluto, created the impetus for an official definition of a planet, as considering Pluto a planet would logically have demanded that Eris be considered a planet as well. Since different procedures were in place for naming planets versus
1961:
The idea of planets has evolved over the history of astronomy, from the divine lights of antiquity to the earthly objects of the scientific age. The concept has expanded to include worlds not only in the Solar System, but in multitudes of other extrasolar systems. The consensus as to what counts as a
3807:
The moons (including the planetary-mass ones) are generally given names with some association with their parent planet. The planetary-mass moons of
Jupiter are named after four of Zeus' lovers (or other sexual partners); those of Saturn are named after Cronus' brothers and sisters, the Titans; those
2983:
The limit of 13 Jupiter masses is not universally accepted. Objects below this mass limit can sometimes burn deuterium, and the amount of deuterium that is burned depends on an object's composition. Furthermore, deuterium is quite scarce, so the stage of deuterium burning does not actually last very
2971:
The IAU noted that this definition could be expected to evolve as knowledge improves. A 2022 review article discussing the history and rationale of this definition suggested that the words "in young star clusters" should be deleted in clause 3, as such objects have now been found elsewhere, and that
15605:
1833:
material in their interiors, which generate their magnetic fields. These fields significantly change the interaction of the planet and solar wind. A magnetized planet creates a cavity in the solar wind around itself called the magnetosphere, which the wind cannot penetrate. The magnetosphere can be
12181:
The Greeks, for example, originally identified the morning and evening stars with two separate deities, Phosphoros and
Hesporos respectively. In Mesopotamia, it seems that this was recognized prehistorically. Assuming its authenticity, a cylinder seal from the Erlenmeyer collection attests to this
9173:
Yang, B.; Hanuš, J.; Carry, B.; Vernazza, P.; Brož, M.; Vachier, F.; Rambaux, N.; Marsset, M.; Chrenko, O.; Ševeček, P.; Viikinkoski, M.; Jehin, E.; Ferrais, M.; Podlewska-Gaca, E.; Drouard, A.; Marchis, F.; Birlan, M.; Benkhaldoun, Z.; Berthier, J.; Bartczak, P.; Dumas, C.; Dudziński, G.; Ďurech,
1732:
in its history, which today makes it the hottest planet by surface temperature, hotter even than
Mercury. Despite hostile surface conditions, temperature, and pressure at about 50–55 km altitude in Venus's atmosphere are close to Earthlike conditions (the only place in the Solar System beyond
5832:
Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf
Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar
2936:
The 2006 IAU definition presents some challenges for exoplanets because the language is specific to the Solar System and the criteria of roundness and orbital zone clearance are not presently observable for exoplanets. In 2018, this definition was reassessed and updated as knowledge of exoplanets
1137:
of an orbit describes the elongation of a planet's elliptical (oval) orbit. Planets with low eccentricities have more circular orbits, whereas planets with high eccentricities have more elliptical orbits. The planets and large moons in the Solar System have relatively low eccentricities, and thus
3981:
with rays radiating from it; and the Moon, a headdress with a crescent attached. The modern shapes with the cross-marks first appeared around the 16th century. According to
Maunder, the addition of crosses appears to be "an attempt to give a savour of Christianity to the symbols of the old pagan
2754:
The number of dwarf planets even among known objects is not certain. In 2019, Grundy et al. argued based on the low densities of some mid-sized trans-Neptunian objects that the limiting size required for a trans-Neptunian object to reach equilibrium was in fact much larger than it is for the icy
798:
being made of almost pure ice. Europa is often considered an icy planet, though, because its surface ice layer makes it difficult to study its interior. Ganymede and Titan are larger than
Mercury by radius, and Callisto almost equals it, but all three are much less massive. Mimas is the smallest
454:
and other effects. Thereafter there still may be many protoplanets orbiting the star or each other, but over time many will collide, either to form a larger, combined protoplanet or release material for other protoplanets to absorb. Those objects that have become massive enough will capture most
10924:
Taubner, Ruth-Sophie; Pappenreiter, Patricia; Zwicker, Jennifer; Smrzka, Daniel; Pruckner, Christian; Kolar, Philipp; Bernacchi, Sébastien; Seifert, Arne H.; Krajete, Alexander; Bach, Wolfgang; Peckmann, Jörn; Paulik, Christian; Firneis, Maria G.; Schleper, Christa; Rittmann, Simon K.-M. R. (27
4178:, a religion worshipping the goddess Eris. The other dwarf-planet symbols are mostly initialisms (except Haumea) in the native scripts of the cultures they come from; they also represent something associated with the corresponding deity or culture, e.g. Makemake's face or Gonggong's snake-tail.
2991:
star is about 80 Jupiter masses.) The situation of main-sequence stars has been used to argue for such an inclusive definition of "planet" as well, as they also differ greatly along the two orders of magnitude that they cover, in their structure, atmospheres, temperature, spectral features, and
1849:
has a magnetic field several times stronger, and
Jupiter's is the strongest in the Solar System (so intense in fact that it poses a serious health risk to future crewed missions to all its moons inward of Callisto). The magnetic fields of the other giant planets, measured at their surfaces, are
1799:
Hot
Jupiters, due to their extreme proximities to their host stars, have been shown to be losing their atmospheres into space due to stellar radiation, much like the tails of comets. These planets may have vast differences in temperature between their day and night sides that produce supersonic
2544:
The beginning of Solar System exploration by space probes in the 1960s spurred a renewed interest in planetary science. A split in definitions regarding satellites occurred around then: planetary scientists began to reconsider the large moons as also being planets, but astronomers who were not
2830:
values of 1 or more are expected to be approximately spherical, so that objects that fulfill the orbital-zone clearance requirement around Sun-like stars will also fulfill the roundness requirement – though this may not be the case around very low-mass stars. In 2024, Margot and collaborators
2746:
In the Solar System, this mass is generally less than the mass required for a body to clear its orbit; thus, some objects that are considered "planets" under geophysical definitions are not considered as such under the IAU definition, such as Ceres and Pluto. (In practice, the requirement for
3314:
Earth's name in
English is not derived from Greco-Roman mythology. Because it was only generally accepted as a planet in the 17th century, there is no tradition of naming it after a god. (The same is true, in English at least, of the Sun and the Moon, though they are no longer generally
2540:
were remnants of collisions. Thus he differentiated between the largest asteroids as "true planets" versus the smaller ones as collisional fragments. From the 1960s onwards, the term "minor planet" was mostly displaced by the term "asteroid", and references to the asteroids as planets in the
949:
of their star—the range of orbits where a terrestrial planet could sustain liquid water on its surface, given enough atmospheric pressure. One in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone, which suggests that the nearest would be expected to be within
1277:. The exceptions are Venus and Uranus, which rotate clockwise, though Uranus's extreme axial tilt means there are differing conventions on which of its poles is "north", and therefore whether it is rotating clockwise or anti-clockwise. Regardless of which convention is used, Uranus has a
1000:, which are the leftover cores. There are also exoplanets that are much farther from their star. Neptune is 30 AU from the Sun and takes 165 years to orbit, but there are exoplanets that are thousands of AU from their star and take more than a million years to orbit (e.g.
2252:
in the 2nd century CE. So complete was the domination of Ptolemy's model that it superseded all previous works on astronomy and remained the definitive astronomical text in the Western world for 13 centuries. To the Greeks and Romans, there were seven known planets, each presumed to be
1550:, with a mass (and radius) that is probably slightly higher than that of the Moon. The smallest object in the Solar System generally agreed to be a geophysical planet is Saturn's moon Mimas, with a radius about 3.1% of Earth's and a mass about 0.00063% of Earth's. Saturn's smaller moon
2976:" has also been used to refer to ambiguous situations concerning exoplanets, such as objects with mass typical for a planet that are free-floating or orbit a brown dwarf instead of a star. Free-floating objects of planetary mass have sometimes been called planets anyway, specifically
13381:"The real answer here is to not get too hung up on definitions, which I admit is hard when the IAU tries to make them sound official and clear, but, really, we all understand the intent of the hydrostatic equilibrium point, and the intent is clearly to include Merucry & the moon"
2942:
Objects with true masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium (currently calculated to be 13 Jupiter masses for objects of solar metallicity) that orbit stars, brown dwarfs, or stellar remnants and that have a mass ratio with the central object below the
2691:
of other planets. Originally an IAU committee had proposed a definition that would have included a larger number of planets as it did not include (c) as a criterion. After much discussion, it was decided via a vote that those bodies should instead be classified as dwarf planets.
1486:). Some authors advocate that this be used as the upper limit for planethood, on the grounds that the internal physics of objects does not change between approximately one Saturn mass (beginning of significant self-compression) and the onset of hydrogen burning and becoming a
2561:.) All the eight major planets and their planetary-mass moons have since been explored by spacecraft, as have many asteroids and the dwarf planets Ceres and Pluto; however, so far the only planetary-mass body beyond Earth that has been explored by humans is the Moon.
4013:. The astronomical symbol for Pluto is a P-L monogram (♇), though it has become less common since the IAU definition reclassified Pluto. Since Pluto's reclassification, NASA has used the traditional astrological symbol of Pluto (⯓), a planetary orb over Pluto's
2682:
and produced one in August 2006. Under this definition, the Solar System is considered to have eight planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). Bodies that fulfill the first two conditions but not the third are classified as
2447:), with sometimes overlapping orbits. This was an area where only one planet had been expected, and they were much smaller than all other planets; indeed, it was suspected that they might be shards of a larger planet that had broken up. Herschel called them
1554:, currently an irregular body of 1.7% Earth's radius and 0.00014% Earth's mass, is thought to have attained hydrostatic equilibrium and differentiation early in its history before being battered out of shape by impacts. Some asteroids may be fragments of
3792:) was given a classical name, as it was considered a major planet when it was discovered. After more objects were discovered beyond Neptune, naming conventions depending on their orbits were put in place: those in the 2:3 resonance with Neptune (the
2408:
to a body that orbited the Sun, directly (a primary planet) or indirectly (a secondary or satellite planet). Thus the Earth was added to the roster of planets, and the Sun was removed. The Copernican count of primary planets stood until 1781, when
4161:
The IAU discourages the use of planetary symbols in modern journal articles in favour of one-letter or (to disambiguate Mercury and Mars) two-letter abbreviations for the major planets. The symbols for the Sun and Earth are nonetheless common, as
2813:
proposed a mathematical criterion that determines whether an object can clear its orbit during the lifetime of its host star, based on the mass of the planet, its semimajor axis, and the mass of its host star. The formula produces a value called
3225:, Roman writers borrowed much of the Greek narratives and applied them to their own pantheon, to the point where they became virtually indistinguishable. When the Romans studied Greek astronomy, they gave the planets their own gods' names:
11550:
3689:, a Biblical sea monster) in 2009; prior to that the names "Uranus" and "Neptune" had simply been borrowed. The etymologies for the Arabic names of the planets are less well understood. Mostly agreed among scholars are Venus (Arabic:
2508:
was discovered in 1930. After initial observations led to the belief that it was larger than Earth, the object was immediately accepted as the ninth major planet. Further monitoring found the body was actually much smaller: in 1936,
317:. The discovery of brown dwarfs and planets larger than Jupiter also spurred debate on the definition, regarding where exactly to draw the line between a planet and a star. Multiple exoplanets have been found to orbit in the
2123:
tablets dating from the 7th century BC that lays out the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets over the course of the year. Late Babylonian astronomy is the origin of Western astronomy and indeed all Western efforts in the
2915:
The discovery of exoplanets led to another ambiguity in defining a planet: the point at which a planet becomes a star. Many known exoplanets are many times the mass of Jupiter, approaching that of stellar objects known as
973:, which have masses between that of Earth and Neptune. Objects less than about twice the mass of Earth are expected to be rocky like Earth; beyond that, they become a mixture of volatiles and gas like Neptune. The planet
3680:
associations: those names, since replaced for religious reasons, were probably the historical Semitic names, and may have much earlier roots going back to Babylonian astronomy. Hebrew names were chosen for Uranus (אורון
3057:. The practice of grafting the names of gods onto the planets was almost certainly borrowed from the Babylonians by the ancient Greeks, and thereafter from the Greeks by the Romans. The Babylonians named Venus after the
2494:, its position having been predicted thanks to its gravitational influence upon Uranus. Because the orbit of Mercury appeared to be affected in a similar way, it was believed in the late 19th century that there might be
1509:: this has sometimes been advocated as a boundary, even though deuterium burning does not last very long and most brown dwarfs have long since finished burning their deuterium. This is not universally agreed upon: the
1301:
can be induced by the individual angular momentum contributions of accreted objects. The accretion of gas by the giant planets contributes to the angular momentum. Finally, during the last stages of planet building, a
8198:
Szakáts, R.; Kiss, Cs.; Ortiz, J. L.; Morales, N.; Pál, A.; Müller, T. G.; et al. (2023). "Tidally locked rotation of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris discovered via long-term ground-based and space photometry".
14325:
1913:' whose gravity shapes and maintains their structure. Although the origins of planetary rings are not precisely known, they are believed to be the result of natural satellites that fell below their parent planets'
1147:
gives the size of the orbit. It is the distance from the midpoint to the longest diameter of its elliptical orbit. This distance is not the same as its apastron, because no planet's orbit has its star at its exact
13962:
Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion".
613:
The Sun's, planets', dwarf planets' and moons' size to scale, labelled. Distance of objects is not to scale. The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the Kuiper belt lies beyond Neptune's
1379:
in August 2006. Although to date this criterion only applies to the Solar System, a number of young extrasolar systems have been found in which evidence suggests orbital clearing is taking place within their
10269:
402:
form, and these accelerate the accretion process by drawing in additional material by their gravitational attraction. These concentrations become ever denser until they collapse inward under gravity to form
14820:
8306:
Rabinowitz, D. L.; Barkume, Kristina; Brown, Michael E.; Roe, Henry; Schwartz, Michael; Tourtellotte, Suzanne; Trujillo, Chad (2006). "Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of
3969:, discovered by Francesco Bianchini in the 18th century but produced in the 2nd century, shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the planetary symbols. Mercury has a
2966:
Free-floating objects in young star clusters with masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are not "planets", but are "sub-brown dwarfs" (or whatever name is most appropriate).
1472:
Mass is the prime attribute by which planets are distinguished from stars. No objects between the masses of the Sun and Jupiter exist in the Solar System, but there are exoplanets of this size. The lower
223:, and five points of light visible to the naked eye that moved across the background of the stars—namely, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Planets have historically had religious associations:
1371:
in its orbit. In effect, it orbits its star in isolation, as opposed to sharing its orbit with a multitude of similar-sized objects. As described above, this characteristic was mandated as part of the
1089:. A planet's year depends on its distance from its star; the farther a planet is from its star, the longer the distance it must travel and the slower its speed, since it is less affected by its star's
2257:
according to the complex laws laid out by Ptolemy. They were, in increasing order from Earth (in Ptolemy's order and using modern names): the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
1580:
Every planet began its existence in an entirely fluid state; in early formation, the denser, heavier materials sank to the centre, leaving the lighter materials near the surface. Each therefore has a
1546:, orbiting a white dwarf; its mass is roughly that of the dwarf planet Haumea, and it is typically termed a minor planet. The smallest known planet orbiting a main-sequence star other than the Sun is
18409:
18404:
18399:
1850:
roughly similar in strength to that of Earth, but their magnetic moments are significantly larger. The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are strongly tilted relative to the planets' rotational
1841:
Of the eight planets in the Solar System, only Venus and Mars lack such a magnetic field. Of the magnetized planets, the magnetic field of Mercury is the weakest and is barely able to deflect the
1120:, just as a falling object on Earth accelerates as it falls. As the planet nears apastron, its speed decreases, just as an object thrown upwards on Earth slows down as it reaches the apex of its
9593:
Lellouch, E.; de Bergh, C.; Sicardy, B.; Forget, F.; Vangvichith, M.; Käufl, H.-U. (January 2015). "Exploring the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of methane in Pluto's atmosphere".
567:, there are eight planets in the Solar System, which are (in increasing distance from the Sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Jupiter is the largest, at 318
282:(IAU) adopted a definition of a planet in the Solar System, placing the four terrestrial planets and the four giant planets in the planet category; Ceres, Pluto, and Eris are in the category of
2755:
moons of the giant planets, being about 900–1000 km diameter. There is general consensus on Ceres in the asteroid belt and on the eight trans-Neptunians that probably cross this threshold—
14559:
11542:
18394:
3796:) are given names from underworld myths, while others are given names from creation myths. Most of the trans-Neptunian planetoids are named after gods and goddesses from other cultures (e.g.
2578:
A growing number of astronomers argued for Pluto to be declassified as a planet, because many similar objects approaching its size had been found in the same region of the Solar System (the
8912:
3947:
The written symbols for Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, and possibly Mars have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyrus texts. The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are identified as
1688:
have more tenuous atmospheres. The larger giant planets are massive enough to keep large amounts of the light gases hydrogen and helium, whereas the smaller planets lose these gases into
9062:
Gaffey, Michael (1984). "Rotational spectral variations of asteroid (8) Flora: Implications for the nature of the S-type asteroids and for the parent bodies of the ordinary chondrites".
502:) will heat up the growing planet, causing it to at least partially melt. The interior of the planet begins to differentiate by density, with higher density materials sinking toward the
6590:
6451:
3361:(or some variation of it) that was used with the meaning of "dry land" as opposed to "sea". The non-Romance languages use their own native words. The Greeks retain their original name,
13639:
12981:
1829:, which in turn give rise to magnetospheres. The presence of a magnetic field indicates that the planet is still geologically alive. In other words, magnetized planets have flows of
883:. This discovery was confirmed and is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of exoplanets. Researchers suspect they formed from a disk remnant left over from the
13010:
9097:
Hardersen, Paul S.; Gaffey, Michael J. & Abell, Paul A. (2005). "Near-IR spectral evidence for the presence of iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surfaces of six M-type asteroid".
13776:
Boss, Alan P.; Basri, Gibor; Kumar, Shiv S.; Liebert, James; Martín, Eduardo L.; Reipurth, Bo; Zinnecker, Hans (2003), "Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant Planets, and ?",
3784:—but as more and more were discovered, they first started being named after more minor goddesses, and the mythological restriction was dropped starting from the twentieth asteroid
2960:) are "planets" (no matter how they formed). The minimum mass/size required for an extrasolar object to be considered a planet should be the same as that used in our Solar System.
2831:
proposed a revised version of the criterion with a uniform clearing timescale of 10 billion years (the approximate main-sequence lifetime of the Sun) or 13.8 billion years (the
2734:. A celestial body may acquire a dynamic (planetary) geology at approximately the mass required for its mantle to become plastic under its own weight. This leads to a state of
1157:
of a planet tells how far above or below an established reference plane its orbit is tilted. In the Solar System, the reference plane is the plane of Earth's orbit, called the
6234:
1712:
The composition of Earth's atmosphere is different from the other planets because the various life processes that have transpired on the planet have introduced free molecular
919:
2443:(in 1807). It soon became apparent that they were rather different from previously known planets: they shared the same general region of space, between Mars and Jupiter (the
1096:
No planet's orbit is perfectly circular, and hence the distance of each from the host star varies over the course of its year. The closest approach to its star is called its
17097:
16671:
4243:
Here, "Earth-sized" means 1–2 Earth radii, and "habitable zone" means the region with 0.25 to 4 times Earth's stellar flux (corresponding to 0.5–2 AU for the Sun). Data for
2987:
Thus, many catalogues of exoplanets include objects heavier than 13 Jupiter masses, sometimes going up to 60 Jupiter masses. (The limit for hydrogen burning and becoming a
7920:
Zarka, Philippe; Treumann, Rudolf A.; Ryabov, Boris P.; Ryabov, Vladimir B. (2001). "Magnetically-Driven Planetary Radio Emissions and Application to Extrasolar Planets".
2963:
Substellar objects with true masses above the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium are "brown dwarfs", no matter how they formed nor where they are located.
2742:
a substellar-mass body that has never undergone nuclear fusion and has enough gravitation to be round due to hydrostatic equilibrium, regardless of its orbital parameters.
980:
Exoplanets have been found that are much closer to their parent star than any planet in the Solar System is to the Sun. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun at 0.4
14641:
9541:
9473:
Zurbuchen TH, Raines JM, Gloeckler G, Krimigis SM, et al. (2008). "MESSENGER Observations of the Composition of Mercury's Ionized Exosphere and Plasma Environment".
6278:
The most common size of planet Kepler found doesn't exist in our solar system—a world between the size of Earth and Neptune—and we have much to learn about these planets.
1306:
of protoplanetary accretion can randomly alter the spin axis of the planet. There is great variation in the length of day between the planets, with Venus taking 243
18389:
17067:
9174:
J.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Cipriani, F.; Colas, F.; Fetick, R.; Fusco, T.; Grice, J.; et al. (2020), "Binary asteroid (31) Euphrosyne: Ice-rich and nearly spherical",
3621:神星 "health goddess star"). Such translations were extended to some later minor planets, including some of the dwarf planets discovered in the 21st century, e.g. Haumea (
2701:
1558:
that began to accrete and differentiate, but suffered catastrophic collisions, leaving only a metallic or rocky core today, or a reaccumulation of the resulting debris.
13124:
9724:
Haberle, R. M. (2015), "Solar System/Sun, Atmospheres, Evolution of Atmospheres | Planetary Atmospheres: Mars", in North, Gerald R.; Pyle, John; Zhang, Fuqing (eds.),
6071:
Cassan, Arnaud; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; et al. (12 January 2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations".
2873:
collapse just like stars and brown dwarfs, even down to the mass of Jupiter: there was thus disagreement about whether how a body formed should be taken into account.
1138:
nearly circular orbits. The comets and many Kuiper belt objects, as well as several exoplanets, have very high eccentricities, and thus exceedingly elliptical orbits.
18551:
18416:
16868:
15228:
14900:
5954:
4702:
D'Angelo, G.; Weidenschilling, S. J.; Lissauer, J. J.; Bodenheimer, P. (2014). "Growth of Jupiter: Enhancement of core accretion by a voluminous low-mass envelope".
4174:, and a few of these new inventions (the symbols of Haumea, Makemake, and Eris) have since been used by NASA in astronomy. The Eris symbol is a traditional one from
6692:
4608:
D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2013). "Three-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamics Calculations of the Envelopes of Young Planets Embedded in Protoplanetary Disks".
2085:
and that all the "planets" circled Earth. The reasons for this perception were that stars and planets appeared to revolve around Earth each day and the apparently
13606:
14810:
13521:
8771:
2295:
about its axis, which he explains as the cause of what appears to be an apparent westward motion of the stars. He also theorized that the orbits of planets were
5103:
Stern, S.A.; Bagenal, F.; Ennico, K.; Gladstone, G.R.; et al. (16 October 2015). "The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons".
14963:
14069:
Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database".
3633:神星 "quarrel goddess star"). However, except for the better-known asteroids and dwarf planets, many of them are rare outside Chinese astronomical dictionaries.
2498:. However, the discrepancy between Mercury's orbit and the predictions of Newtonian gravity was instead explained by an improved theory of gravity, Einstein's
14444:
6537:
4543:
10038:
Demory, Brice-Olivier; de Wit, Julien; Lewis, Nikole; Fortney, Jonathan; et al. (2013). "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere".
10377:
Harrington, Jason; Hansen, Brad M.; Luszcz, Statia H.; Seager, Sara (2006). "The phase-dependent infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet Andromeda b".
7124:
Anderson, D. R.; Hellier, C.; Gillon, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; et al. (2009). "WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit".
15526:
13344:
8678:
3989:
When further planets were discovered orbiting the Sun, symbols were invented for them. The most common astronomical symbol for Uranus, ⛢, was invented by
1329:
All the large moons are tidally locked to their parent planets; Pluto and Charon are tidally locked to each other, as are Eris and Dysnomia, and probably
18443:
14382:
3449:
names of most of the planets are based on identifications of the Mesopotamian gods with Iranian gods, analogous to the Greek and Latin names. Mercury is
2536:
published papers on the origin of the asteroids. He recognized that asteroids were typically not spherical, as had previously been thought, and that the
586:
are significantly more massive than the terrestrials: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They differ from the terrestrial planets in composition. The
12196:"The identification of Inanna with the planet Venus: A criterion for the time determination of the recognition of constellations in ancient Mesopotamia"
1800:
winds, although multiple factors are involved and the details of the atmospheric dynamics that affect the day-night temperature difference are complex.
3804:
god). There are a few exceptions which continue the Roman and Greek scheme, notably including Eris as it had initially been considered a tenth planet.
11308:
10432:
4755:
Lissauer, J. J.; Hubickyj, O.; D'Angelo, G.; Bodenheimer, P. (2009). "Models of Jupiter's growth incorporating thermal and hydrodynamic constraints".
2525:
in 1978 showed that Pluto was only 0.2% the mass of Earth. As this was still substantially more massive than any known asteroid, and because no other
1273:. Most of the planets in the Solar System rotate in the same direction as they orbit the Sun, which is counter-clockwise as seen from above the Sun's
1012:
Although each planet has unique physical characteristics, a number of broad commonalities do exist among them. Some of these characteristics, such as
18228:
18223:
14553:
13570:
13286:
Stern, S. Alan; Levison, Harold F. (2002), Rickman, H. (ed.), "Regarding the criteria for planethood and proposed planetary classification schemes",
12756:
8450:
5737:
1288:
Comparison of the rotation period (sped up 10 000 times, negative values denoting retrograde), flattening and axial tilt of the planets and the Moon
10716:
9418:
8608:
2115:, a 7th-century BC copy of a list of observations of the motions of the planet Venus, that probably dates as early as the second millennium BC. The
662:, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The other eight all orbit beyond Neptune. Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, and Makemake orbit in the
18384:
17847:
17104:
14126:
8176:
5575:
Wang, Ji; Fischer, Debra A. (2013). "Revealing a Universal Planet-Metallicity Correlation for Planets of Different Sizes Around Solar-Type Stars".
1411:
Gravity causes planets to be pulled into a roughly spherical shape, so a planet's size can be expressed roughly by an average radius (for example,
8878:
8103:
8046:
7285:
6379:
5000:
2892:. This discovery is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of a planetary system around another star. Then, on 6 October 1995,
506:. Smaller terrestrial planets lose most of their atmospheres because of this accretion, but the lost gases can be replaced by outgassing from the
12062:
11520:
6626:
4400:
14299:
6473:
Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar (2013). "A revised estimate of the occurrence rate of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones around kepler m-dwarfs".
794:
The Moon, Io, and Europa have compositions similar to the terrestrial planets; the others are made of ice and rock like the dwarf planets, with
18151:
9563:
9321:"Modelling the internal structure of Ceres: Coupling of accretion with compaction by creep and implications for the water-rock differentiation"
9044:
6443:
2992:
probably formation mechanisms; yet they are all considered as one class, being all hydrostatic-equilibrium objects undergoing nuclear burning.
2334:, generally accepted geocentrism, although they did dispute Ptolemy's system of epicycles and sought alternatives. The 10th-century astronomer
10596:
6598:
5359:
2802:, the smallest planetary-mass moon. (This may even include objects that are not round but happen to be larger than Mimas, like Neptune's moon
16656:
14696:
10290:
5769:
2857:, there were particular disagreements over whether an object should be considered a planet if it was part of a distinct population such as a
1081:, has been found to orbit in the opposite direction to its star's rotation. The period of one revolution of a planet's orbit is known as its
14739:
12342:
10693:
18864:
15085:
13629:
12975:
12231:
10014:
5254:
Kenyon, Scott J.; Bromley, Benjamin C. (2006). "Terrestrial Planet Formation. I. The Transition from Oligarchic Growth to Chaotic Growth".
15432:
13004:
11966:
Lambert, W. G.; Reiner, Erica (1987). "Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part One. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablet 63: The Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa".
11687:
11174:
10519:
1016:
or natural satellites, have only as yet been observed in planets in the Solar System, whereas others are commonly observed in exoplanets.
18122:
17705:
16801:
14959:
13089:
12503:
9353:
7682:
4194:
2303:, where his principles of the diurnal rotation of Earth, among others, were followed and a number of secondary works were based on them.
1337:. The other dwarf planets with known rotation periods rotate faster than Earth; Haumea rotates so fast that it has been distorted into a
606:, with thick atmospheres of hydrogen and helium. They have a significantly lower mass than the gas giants (only 14 and 17 Earth masses).
15492:
8145:
1600:, but in the giant planets the mantle simply blends into the upper cloud layers. The terrestrial planets have cores of elements such as
10355:
7440:
6021:
3664:
or "the resting one" (in reference to its slow movement compared to the other visible planets). The odd one out is Jupiter, called צדק
2738:
where the body acquires a stable, round shape, which is adopted as the hallmark of planethood by geophysical definitions. For example:
670:, which is somewhat further out and, unlike the Kuiper belt, is unstable towards interactions with Neptune. Sedna is the largest known
15616:
15457:
8563:
6567:
18438:
17982:
17390:
16567:
9229:
1834:
much larger than the planet itself. In contrast, non-magnetized planets have only small magnetospheres induced by interaction of the
918:
mission, most of the known exoplanets were gas giants comparable in mass to Jupiter or larger as they were more easily detected. The
18158:
6224:
3973:; Venus has, attached to her necklace, a cord connected to another necklace; Mars, a spear; Jupiter, a staff; Saturn, a scythe; the
2545:
planetary scientists generally did not. (This is not exactly the same as the definition used in the previous century, which classed
1227:
of their stars' equators. This causes the amount of light received by each hemisphere to vary over the course of its year; when the
1173:, but Earth's Moon, Saturn's Iapetus, and Neptune's Triton are exceptions. Triton is unique among the large moons in that it orbits
594:
and helium and are the most massive planets in the Solar System. Saturn is one third as massive as Jupiter, at 95 Earth masses. The
18421:
18258:
17987:
8987:
7102:
6871:
5417:
Ida, Shigeru; Nakagawa, Yoshitsugu; Nakazawa, Kiyoshi (1987). "The Earth's core formation due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability".
5081:
9646:
Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".
7465:
5165:
2048:
14474:
12337:
11473:; Grundy, W. M.; Sykes, Mark V.; Stern, Alan; Bell III, James F.; Detelich, Charlene E.; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2022).
6199:
2266:
18105:
11029:
3201:
Although modern Greeks still use their ancient names for the planets, other European languages, because of the influence of the
18591:
18134:
16722:
16367:
16352:
16332:
15638:
15585:
14617:
13447:
12035:
11431:
10801:
7324:
7232:
Moorhead, Althea V.; Adams, Fred C. (2008). "Eccentricity evolution of giant planet orbits due to circumstellar disk torques".
5882:
4510:
4431:
1461:
A planet's defining physical characteristic is that it is massive enough for the force of its own gravity to dominate over the
15634:
15619:
15308:
14505:
13241:
13153:
11618:
10894:
8641:
4874:
4835:
803:, at about six millionths of Earth's mass, though there are many larger bodies that may not be geophysical planets (e.g.
18642:
18566:
18518:
18513:
18508:
18503:
18498:
18493:
18488:
18483:
18478:
18473:
18468:
18463:
18458:
18453:
18448:
18139:
16666:
16399:
16362:
16357:
15628:
15208:
14354:
14236:
13317:
13218:
13114:
12734:
12475:
12448:
12315:
12124:
11950:
11864:
11820:
11779:
11090:
10640:
9708:
9535:
9268:
8906:
8730:
8602:
7346:
Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Brown, Michael E. (2002). "A Correlation between Inclination and Color in the Classical Kuiper Belt".
7216:
6795:
5993:
5709:
5639:
4930:
2275:
459:
of planets through a process of gravitational capture, or remain in belts of other objects to become either dwarf planets or
15174:
14203:
14016:
Spiegel, D. S.; Burrows, Adam; Milsom, J. A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets".
11401:
9871:
8536:
5675:
5645:
4001:, and represents a globe with a H on top, for Uranus's discoverer Herschel. Today, ⛢ is mostly used by astronomers and ♅ by
2231:
system, according to which Earth and the planets revolved around the Sun. The geocentric system remained dominant until the
1814:
1274:
378:
It is not known with certainty how planets are formed. The prevailing theory is that they coalesce during the collapse of a
18248:
18238:
17092:
17029:
16683:
16404:
16342:
16337:
15627:
11654:
4261:
3022:). Exoplanets are commonly named after their parent star and their order of discovery within its planetary system, such as
2372:
1040:
442:
When the protostar has grown such that it ignites to form a star, the surviving disk is removed from the inside outward by
17972:
15625:
15622:
15618:
15614:
15224:
15018:
14892:
11579:
7898:
18284:
18218:
17332:
17246:
16347:
13179:
11340:
Joergens, V.; Bonnefoy, M.; Liu, Y.; Bayo, A.; et al. (2013). "OTS 44: Disk and accretion at the planetary border".
10212:
6356:
6049:
5962:
5512:
5201:
Matsuyama, I.; Johnstone, D.; Murray, N. (2005). "Halting Planet Migration by Photoevaporation from the Central Source".
4453:
525:
around stars other than the Sun, it is becoming possible to elaborate, revise or even replace this account. The level of
17651:
15632:
15624:
14590:
11571:
8939:"The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole*"
2453:(from the Greek for "starlike") because even in the largest telescopes they resembled stars, without a resolvable disk.
2199:, which consisted of the Earth, Sun, Moon, and planets revolving around a "Central Fire" at the center of the Universe.
1243:
over the course of its year. The time at which each hemisphere points farthest or nearest from its star is known as its
1196:(or perihelion in the Solar System) is the angle between a planet's ascending node and its closest approach to its star.
18576:
18426:
18233:
18110:
15621:
15058:
15001:
14933:
14536:
13592:
12647:
11926:
9865:
9741:
8139:
7692:
7478:
Schorghofer, N.; Mazarico, E.; Platz, T.; Preusker, F.; Schröder, S. E.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T. (6 July 2016).
1956:
992:
system has five of its planets in shorter orbits than Mercury's, all of them much more massive than Mercury. There are
297:
Further advances in astronomy led to the discovery of over five thousand planets outside the Solar System, termed
15639:
15635:
13533:
12585:; Sykes, Mark V.; Stern, Alan; Runyon, Kirby (2019). "The Reclassification of Asteroids from Planets to Non-Planets".
9451:
3982:
gods." Earth itself was not considered a classical planet; its symbol descends from a pre-heliocentric symbol for the
2191:
initially did not attach as much significance to the planets as the Babylonians. In the 6th and 5th centuries BC, the
1734:
18609:
18243:
16495:
16468:
15630:
12380:
7021:"The Second Discovery from the COCONUTS Program: A Cold Wide-orbit Exoplanet around a Young Field M Dwarf at 10.9 pc"
6257:
6229:
4009:
has used the Ceres symbol—Ceres being the only asteroid that is also a dwarf planet. Neptune's symbol (♆) represents
3962:, antecedents of the planetary symbols were used in art to represent the gods associated with the classical planets.
3601:
calqued the names of the first 117 asteroids into Chinese, and many of their names are still used today, e.g. Ceres (
2972:
the term "sub-brown dwarfs" should be replaced by the more current "free-floating planetary mass objects". The term "
2541:
literature became scarce, except for the geologically evolved largest three: Ceres, and less often Pallas and Vesta.
231:
persist in the schemes for naming newly discovered Solar System bodies. Earth itself was recognized as a planet when
14950:
14322:
12949:
11679:
6527:
1692:. Analysis of exoplanets suggests that the threshold for being able to hold on to these light gases occurs at about
196:
18994:
18304:
18294:
17782:
16883:
15640:
14925:
The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in honor of David Noel Freedman in celebration of his sixtieth birthday
14436:
13334:
13214:
12945:
12424:
9135:
Asphaug, E.; Reufer, A. (2014). "Mercury and other iron-rich planetary bodies as relics of inefficient accretion".
4533:
2731:
2675:
2615:
2284:
1909:
of varying size and complexity. The rings are composed primarily of dust or particulate matter, but can host tiny '
1510:
1372:
800:
279:
14670:
11919:
The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C.
1990:
The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.
1890:
Several planets or dwarf planets in the Solar System (such as Neptune and Pluto) have orbital periods that are in
1745:
of water, allowing it to exist in all three states on the planet's surface, so Titan's are to the triple point of
1290:
666:, which is a second belt of small Solar System bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Gonggong and Eris orbit in the
18379:
18330:
18253:
18092:
17395:
15033:
2751:
as sub-planetary objects) and planetary geologists continue to treat them as planets despite the IAU definition.
2196:
1189:
16411:
15075:"Minor Planet Naming Guidelines (Rules and Guidelines for naming non-cometary small Solar-System bodies) – v1.0"
14923:
10314:
Villarreal D'Angelo, Carolina; Esquivel, Alejandro; Schneiter, Matías; Sgró, Mario Agustín (21 September 2018).
1898:, and Ganymede around Jupiter, or between Enceladus and Dione around Saturn). All except Mercury and Venus have
1724:
is less than 1% that of Earth's (too low to allow liquid water to exist), while the average surface pressure of
18999:
18335:
17062:
16478:
16312:
15518:
8670:
7741:
6796:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets, XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system"
3323:, which was the word for "ground" and "dirt" as well as the world itself. As with its equivalents in the other
3217:
under different names, but the Romans lacked the rich narrative traditions that Greek poetic culture had given
1741:-rich planetary atmosphere in the Solar System other than Earth's. Just as Earth's conditions are close to the
1310:
to rotate, and the giant planets only a few hours. The rotational periods of exoplanets are not known, but for
1174:
846:
455:
matter in their orbital neighbourhoods to become planets. Protoplanets that have avoided collisions may become
12168:
11106:
Ortiz, J. L.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Sicardy, B.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.; Bérard, D.; Morales, N.; et al. (2017).
3138:
Helios and Selene were the names of both planets and gods, both of them Titans (later supplanted by Olympians
2722:(intermediate in size between Tethys and Enceladus) is not shown; it is in any case probably not a solid body.
18561:
18208:
18163:
18042:
18032:
18027:
18012:
18007:
16587:
16483:
13940:
11906:
7064:
6714:
3210:
2480:
in 1849). New "planets" were discovered every year; as a result, astronomers began tabulating the asteroids (
451:
18546:
17892:
17000:
8824:
Konacki, M.; Wolszczan, A. (2003). "Masses and Orbital Inclinations of Planets in the PSR B1257+12 System".
2869:. Complicating the matter even further, bodies too small to generate energy by fusing deuterium can form by
1894:
with each other or with smaller bodies. This is common in satellite systems (e.g. the resonance between Io,
1367:. A planet that has cleared its neighborhood has accumulated enough mass to gather up or sweep away all the
1284:
954:
distance from Earth. The frequency of occurrence of such terrestrial planets is one of the variables in the
18198:
17977:
17087:
16642:
16622:
16517:
11316:
3594:
2495:
2002:, being visible to the naked eye, have been known since ancient times and have had a significant impact on
1861:
detected a bright spot on its surface, apparently created by the magnetosphere of an orbiting hot Jupiter.
1649:
946:
318:
17852:
17005:
15637:
13556:
12529:
10440:
9379:
7763:
Goldstein, R. M.; Carpenter, R. L. (1963). "Rotation of Venus: Period Estimated from Radar Measurements".
2456:
The situation was stable for four decades, but in the 1840s several additional asteroids were discovered (
1435:-to-pole diameter. Generally, a planet's shape may be described by giving polar and equatorial radii of a
480:
471:
18854:
18541:
18340:
17162:
16688:
16617:
16582:
15615:
15609:
14071:
11596:
11475:"Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science"
8590:
8404:
7019:
Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Claytor, Zachary R.; Best, William M. J.; et al. (1 August 2021).
4904:
3534:
2111:
in the first and second millennia BC. The oldest surviving planetary astronomical text is the Babylonian
1406:
1219:
is about 23.4°. It oscillates between 22.1° and 24.5° on a 41,000-year cycle and is currently decreasing.
224:
17999:
16602:
14123:
8168:
2287:, astronomy developed further in India and the medieval Islamic world. In 499 CE, the Indian astronomer
1576:
Illustration of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen
622:. In increasing order of average distance from the Sun, the ones generally agreed among astronomers are
18989:
18901:
18665:
18374:
18369:
18359:
18117:
17777:
17077:
16878:
16761:
16744:
16710:
15636:
15578:
14989:
14278:
11921:, The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 276–292,
11591:
10286:
9951:; Fortney, Jonathan J. (2007). "A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733 b".
6895:
6803:
5047:
4300:
2710:
The planetary-mass moons to scale, compared with Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Pluto. Sub-planetary
2112:
1358:
1260:
858:
11474:
10724:
8072:
8015:
7293:
6387:
4346:
3990:
2529:
had been discovered at that time, Pluto kept its planetary status, only officially losing it in 2006.
2021:
1443:. From such a specification, the planet's flattening, surface area, and volume can be calculated; its
407:. After a planet reaches a mass somewhat larger than Mars's mass, it begins to accumulate an extended
365:
18635:
18604:
18354:
18022:
17807:
17691:
16920:
16895:
16705:
14253:
14143:
Huxley, Margaret (2000). "The Gates and Guardians in Sennacherib's Addition to the Temple of Assur".
12552:
10632:
10624:
8988:"Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission"
8762:
6135:
Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. (1992). "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12".
3983:
3570:
3546:
3538:
3120:
2644:
1818:
1729:
1581:
1567:
1376:
985:
15633:
15118:
12663:
Park, Ryan S.; Folkner, William M.; Konopliv, Alexander S.; Williams, James G.; et al. (2017).
12256:
Goldstein, Bernard R. (1997). "Saving the phenomena: the background to Ptolemy's planetary theory".
12022:
11887:
Rochberg, Francesca (2000). "Astronomy and Calendars in Ancient Mesopotamia". In Jack Sasson (ed.).
9571:
9048:
1910:
18364:
18309:
18170:
18062:
17957:
17717:
17360:
17211:
16816:
13883:
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet".
13669:
12853:
10858:
Fortes, A. D. (2000). "Exobiological implications of a possible ammonia-water ocean inside Titan".
10144:
Benneke, Björn; Wong, Ian; Piaulet, Caroline; Knutson, Heather A.; et al. (10 December 2019).
6293:
Barclay, Thomas; Rowe, Jason F.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Huber, Daniel; et al. (28 February 2013).
5395:
3959:
3562:
3554:
2679:
2636:
Object has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a
2510:
2142:
and their relationships with various celestial phenomena including the motions of the planets. The
564:
391:
177:
18077:
15036:. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland – via Google Books.
14692:
9284:
Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".
7193:
4946:
D'Angelo, G.; Podolak, M. (2015). "Capture and Evolution of Planetesimals in Circumjovian Disks".
4098:
2024:
2014:. In ancient times, astronomers noted how certain lights moved across the sky, as opposed to the "
1044:
18886:
18735:
18586:
18289:
18213:
17787:
17325:
16900:
16727:
16374:
16278:
16185:
15885:
15735:
15626:
15617:
14719:
12557:
12332:
11810:
11546:
10657:
9948:
9799:
S. I. Rasoonl & C. de Bergh (1970). "The Runaway Greenhouse Effect and the Accumulation of CO
8567:
4223:
3522:
2776:
2735:
2637:
2526:
2182:
2081:, and indeed all pre-modern civilizations, it was almost universally believed that Earth was the
2074:
1830:
1676:
because their gravity is strong enough to keep gases close to the surface. Saturn's largest moon
1625:
1521:
1466:
1363:
The defining dynamic characteristic of a planet, according to the IAU definition, is that it has
647:
619:
460:
88:
31:
17:
15074:
14996:. 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion . Graz, Austria: GrazKult (published 31 July 1993).
10823:
Grasset, O.; Sotin, C.; Deschamps, F. (2000). "On the internal structure and dynamic of Titan".
10006:
5167:
The Evolution of Dust in the Terrestrial Planet Region of Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars
2654:
2018:", which maintained a constant relative position in the sky. Ancient Greeks called these lights
18299:
18180:
17792:
17742:
16905:
16843:
16791:
16781:
16766:
16717:
16577:
16507:
15923:
15611:
15421:
12195:
12017:
11107:
6017:
4211:
4191: – A binary system where two planetary-mass objects share an orbital axis external to both
3756:
When subsequent planets were discovered in the 18th and 19th centuries, Uranus was named for a
2583:
2380:
in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, and the asteroid belts had all not yet been discovered.
1655:
926:
915:
826:
353:
17767:
16826:
15631:
15623:
15620:
13402:
Raymond, C. A.; Ermakov, A. I.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Marchi, S.; et al. (August 2020).
13040:
12495:
12465:
11771:
9320:
8703:
Schneider, Jean (July 2016). "Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future".
7698:
18979:
18268:
18037:
17912:
17812:
17646:
17271:
17198:
17072:
16925:
16888:
16776:
16771:
15571:
15483:
15277:
15048:
14344:
12565:
11854:
11078:
10656:
De Angelis, G.; Clowdsley, M. S.; Nealy, J. E.; Tripathi, R. K.; et al. (January 2004).
9525:
8898:
8769:; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database".
8313:
8129:
7401:
3673:
2973:
2706:
2518:
2385:
2335:
2232:
1986:
1943:
was shown to be surrounded by a substantial protoplanetary disk of at least 10 Earth masses.
1928:
1689:
1669:
1462:
1193:
959:
436:
17837:
16940:
14616:
14094:
13858:
12211:
12114:
11363:
10836:
10315:
9339:
9297:
9197:
8430:
8222:
7933:
7868:
7444:
6918:
6826:
6559:
6009:
5375:
5309:"On the formation and evolution of asteroid belts and their potential significance for life"
4678:
4578:
2404:, use of the term "planet" changed from something that moved around the sky relative to the
1728:
is about 92 times that of Earth's. It is likely that Venus's atmosphere was the result of a
1192:
is the angle between the reference plane's 0 longitude and the planet's ascending node. The
18844:
18792:
18685:
18628:
18581:
18556:
18536:
18146:
17817:
17732:
17428:
17355:
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16443:
15895:
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15855:
15749:
15700:
15673:
15629:
15608:
15461:
15391:
15344:
15340:
15258:
15149:
14855:
14401:
14380:
Falk, Michael; Koresko, Christopher (2004). "Astronomical names for the days of the week".
14090:
14035:
13982:
13902:
13854:
13811:
13785:
13748:
13688:
13415:
13384:
13339:
13295:
13256:
13077:
13065:
12908:
12865:
12806:
12765:
12676:
12604:
12428:
12265:
12207:
12071:
11496:
11359:
11279:
11214:
11132:
11060:
11005:
10938:
10867:
10832:
10769:
10669:
10564:
10542:
10487:
10396:
10227:
10167:
10102:
10091:
Moses, Julianne (1 January 2014). "Extrasolar planets: Cloudy with a chance of dustballs".
10057:
9970:
9913:
9812:
9765:
9665:
9612:
9482:
9394:
9335:
9293:
9193:
9144:
9106:
9071:
9002:
8950:
8843:
8790:
8495:
8426:
8385:
8332:
8278:
8218:
8087:
8030:
7972:
7929:
7864:
7822:
7772:
7725:
7632:
7585:
7538:
7491:
7410:
7365:
7251:
7143:
7042:
6985:
6914:
6822:
6758:
6645:
6492:
6316:
6191:
6144:
6090:
5897:
5852:
5791:
5594:
5547:
5461:
5426:
5371:
5273:
5220:
5171:
5122:
5015:
4965:
4918:
4866:
4827:
4774:
4721:
4674:
4627:
4574:
4368:
4134:
4125:
4010:
2877:
2862:
2784:
2756:
2573:
2491:
2428:
2224:
2166:
2098:
1952:
1733:
Earth where this is so), and this region has been suggested as a plausible base for future
1612:. Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have cores of rock and metal surrounded by mantles of
1330:
1133:
1113:
1058:
903:
869:
655:
627:
623:
598:, Uranus and Neptune, are primarily composed of low-boiling-point materials such as water,
574:
The planets of the Solar System can be divided into categories based on their composition.
310:
267:
259:
15612:
15610:
9237:
4029:
3929:
3640:, the seven traditional planets have (for the most part) descriptive names—the Sun is חמה
2844:
2818:
that is greater than 1 for planets. The eight known planets and all known exoplanets have
1962:
planet, as opposed to other objects, has changed several times. It previously encompassed
1616:. Uranus and Neptune, which are smaller, have rocky cores surrounded by mantles of water,
1402:
922:
consists mostly of planets the size of Neptune and smaller, down to smaller than Mercury.
8:
18951:
18680:
18349:
17897:
17877:
17832:
17802:
17611:
17606:
17405:
17285:
17174:
17012:
16985:
16935:
16739:
16197:
15890:
15742:
15382:
Francisca Herschel (August 1917). "The meaning of the symbol H+o for the planet Uranus".
14735:
14637:
13602:
12373:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
11905:(1991), "The culture of Babylonia: Babylonian mathematics, astrology, and astronomy", in
11108:"The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation"
5815:
4116:
4107:
4092:
3998:
3938:
3905:
3860:
3809:
3761:
3283:
are straightforward translations of these Roman names. The other days were renamed after
3245:
3227:
3126:
3054:
2944:
2832:
2791:
2780:
2595:
2292:
2007:
1936:
1879:
1725:
1440:
1420:
1412:
1278:
1232:
1228:
941:. Since that time, more than 100 planets have been identified that are approximately the
678:
651:
541:)—appears to determine the likelihood that a star will have planets. Hence, a metal-rich
387:
275:
212:
169:
91:
16093:
15972:
15395:
15348:
15262:
15153:
14859:
14405:
14039:
13986:
13906:
13815:
13789:
13752:
13692:
13419:
13299:
13264:
13260:
13069:
12912:
12869:
12810:
12769:
12680:
12608:
12432:
12269:
12075:
11500:
11283:
11218:
11136:
11064:
11009:
10942:
10871:
10773:
10673:
10568:
10491:
10400:
10231:
10171:
10106:
10061:
9974:
9917:
9816:
9769:
9669:
9616:
9486:
9398:
9148:
9110:
9075:
9018:
9006:
8954:
8847:
8794:
8499:
8389:
8336:
8282:
8091:
8034:
7976:
7876:
7826:
7776:
7729:
7636:
7589:
7542:
7495:
7414:
7369:
7255:
7187:
7147:
7094:
7046:
6989:
6762:
6649:
6496:
6320:
6195:
6148:
6094:
5901:
5856:
5795:
5729:
5598:
5551:
5465:
5430:
5277:
5224:
5175:
5126:
5073:
5019:
4969:
4922:
4870:
4831:
4778:
4725:
4631:
4586:
4427:
4372:
4083:
4074:
4065:
3923:
3914:
3878:
3130:, the gleamer. The Greeks assigned each planet to one among their pantheon of gods, the
1180:
The points at which a planet crosses above and below its reference plane are called its
18939:
18927:
18749:
18670:
17945:
17862:
17822:
17737:
17437:
17318:
17265:
17135:
17082:
16960:
16930:
16838:
16651:
15782:
15613:
14873:
14791:
14783:
14417:
14391:
14291:
14228:
Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination
14176:
14168:
14106:
14080:
14051:
14025:
13998:
13972:
13918:
13892:
13827:
13802:
Mayor, Michel; Queloz, Didier (1995). "A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star".
13738:
13704:
13678:
13482:
13439:
13380:
13081:
13055:
12881:
12704:
12620:
12594:
12281:
12095:
12087:
11983:
11806:
11764:
11729:
11512:
11486:
11375:
11349:
11295:
11269:
11166:
11122:
11021:
10967:
10926:
10793:
10759:
10588:
10554:
10511:
10477:
10420:
10386:
10261:
10193:
10157:
10126:
10073:
10047:
9994:
9960:
9929:
9903:
9836:
9781:
9733:
9681:
9655:
9628:
9602:
9506:
9410:
9209:
9183:
8968:
8884:
8859:
8833:
8806:
8780:
8736:
8708:
8559:
8513:
8485:
8442:
8416:
8375:
8348:
8322:
8268:
8234:
8208:
7996:
7945:
7796:
7648:
7622:
7554:
7528:
7381:
7355:
7267:
7241:
7159:
7133:
7076:
7032:
7001:
6975:
6930:
6904:
6838:
6812:
6776:
6748:
6708:
6668:
6635:
6621:
6508:
6482:
6424:
6348:
6306:
6160:
6114:
6080:
5921:
5842:
5807:
5610:
5584:
5485:
5320:
5289:
5263:
5236:
5210:
5179:
5146:
5112:
5039:
4981:
4955:
4908:
4817:
4790:
4764:
4737:
4711:
4643:
4617:
4392:
4358:
4217:
4152:
4056:
4038:
3869:
3821:
3781:
3757:
3677:
3324:
3251:
3023:
2920:. Brown dwarfs are generally considered stars due to their theoretical ability to fuse
2901:
2499:
2389:
2307:
2239:
1769:
1721:
1498:
1381:
1338:
1303:
996:, such as 51 Pegasi b, that orbit very close to their star and may evaporate to become
575:
546:
515:
424:
338:
301:. These often show unusual features that the Solar System planets do not show, such as
157:
153:
115:
16066:
16029:
14466:
13994:
13700:
12920:
12829:
12794:
10844:
10465:
10069:
9777:
8099:
8042:
7155:
6997:
6179:
6044:
4977:
4143:
4047:
3896:
3459:) for the western Iranian god Tīriya (patron of scribes), analogous to Nabu; Venus is
1049:
618:
Dwarf planets are gravitationally rounded, but have not cleared their orbits of other
18739:
18193:
17827:
17575:
17570:
17519:
17369:
17125:
16695:
16637:
16428:
16317:
16243:
16178:
15907:
15204:
15054:
15019:"El-Masūdī's Historical Encyclopaedia, entitled "Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems.""
14997:
14929:
14877:
14795:
14532:
14421:
14350:
14295:
14283:
14232:
14180:
14160:
14055:
14047:
14002:
13922:
13634:
13502:
13443:
13431:
13313:
13085:
13009:. Vol. 8. Chicago and New York: R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill. pp. 3553–3554.
12971:
12885:
12834:
12730:
12708:
12643:
12624:
12582:
12471:
12444:
12376:
12311:
12285:
12223:
12160:
12120:
12099:
11946:
11922:
11860:
11826:
11816:
11775:
11747:
Ronan, Colin (1996). "Astronomy Before the Telescope". In Walker, Christopher (ed.).
11733:
11712:
Neugebauer, Otto E. (1945). "The History of Ancient Astronomy Problems and Methods".
11516:
11470:
11379:
11230:
11170:
11158:
11086:
11025:
10991:
10972:
10954:
10785:
10685:
10636:
10592:
10580:
10515:
10503:
10412:
10347:
10316:"Magnetized winds and their influence in the escaping upper atmosphere of HD 209458b"
10253:
10213:"The signature of hot hydrogen in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b"
10197:
10185:
10118:
9986:
9933:
9861:
9828:
9785:
9737:
9704:
9632:
9531:
9510:
9498:
9305:
9264:
9213:
9083:
8972:
8902:
8740:
8726:
8598:
8508:
8473:
8238:
8135:
7988:
7963:
Liu, Han-Shou; O'Keefe, John A. (1965). "Theory of Rotation for the Planet Mercury".
7788:
7688:
7558:
7212:
7080:
7068:
7005:
6780:
6771:
6736:
6673:
6512:
6504:
6428:
6352:
6340:
6332:
6106:
5989:
5913:
5811:
5705:
5635:
5614:
5606:
5477:
5438:
5387:
5340:
5138:
5031:
4985:
4926:
4741:
4647:
4639:
4590:
4454:"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets (WGESP) of the International Astronomical Union"
4396:
4384:
4208: – Planetary objects that have a mass smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres
3851:
3789:
3777:
3769:
3669:
3512:
3357:
3352:
3311:
considered similar or equivalent to Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus, respectively.
3260:
3233:
3097:
3062:
2727:
2688:
1967:
1899:
1891:
1870:
1680:
also has a substantial atmosphere thicker than that of Earth; Neptune's largest moon
1613:
1432:
1248:
1074:
981:
609:
582:
and metal: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Earth is the largest terrestrial planet.
542:
499:
489:
456:
428:
322:
287:
251:
16149:
15297:
14110:
13708:
13403:
13335:"An organically grown planet definition — Should we really define a word by voting?"
12546:
12002:
11435:
11299:
10902:
10797:
10747:
10424:
9685:
9414:
8863:
8810:
8517:
8446:
8405:"MOST detects variability on tau Bootis possibly induced by its planetary companion"
8352:
8000:
7949:
7800:
7385:
7316:
7271:
7163:
6934:
5929:
5925:
5489:
5293:
5240:
4794:
4502:
3593:
based on the roles of those gods in Roman and Greek mythology. In the 19th century,
3381:, which incorporates the seven traditional planets and the ascending and descending
2089:
perceptions that Earth was solid and stable and that it was not moving but at rest.
1538:, one of the first exoplanets discovered, which was found in 1992 in orbit around a
837:
is a planet outside the Solar System. As of 24 July 2024, there are 7,026 confirmed
270:, later found to be the largest member of the collection of icy bodies known as the
18984:
18963:
18725:
18571:
18319:
18082:
18072:
17932:
17882:
17772:
17762:
17686:
17616:
17601:
17400:
17186:
16990:
16980:
16873:
16848:
16258:
16228:
16073:
15947:
15787:
15652:
14863:
14775:
14731:
14633:
14497:
14409:
14273:
14265:
14152:
14098:
14043:
13990:
13910:
13866:
13862:
13831:
13819:
13756:
13696:
13492:
13423:
13369:. Cambridge Planetary Science series no. 21, Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–73.
13303:
13175:
13149:
13146:
13073:
12916:
12873:
12824:
12814:
12773:
12694:
12684:
12612:
12436:
12273:
12215:
12079:
12027:
11975:
11914:
11910:
11798:
11721:
11614:
11504:
11367:
11287:
11238:
11222:
11205:
11148:
11140:
11013:
10996:
10962:
10946:
10875:
10840:
10777:
10677:
10572:
10495:
10404:
10337:
10327:
10265:
10243:
10235:
10175:
10130:
10110:
10093:
10065:
9998:
9978:
9921:
9840:
9820:
9773:
9729:
9673:
9620:
9490:
9402:
9343:
9301:
9201:
9152:
9114:
9079:
9010:
8958:
8894:
8851:
8798:
8722:
8718:
8633:
8629:
8503:
8434:
8340:
8286:
8226:
8095:
8038:
7980:
7937:
7872:
7780:
7733:
7652:
7640:
7593:
7546:
7499:
7418:
7373:
7259:
7151:
7060:
7050:
6993:
6922:
6842:
6830:
6766:
6663:
6653:
6500:
6416:
6411:
6324:
6164:
6152:
6118:
6098:
5905:
5878:
5860:
5799:
5768:
Grundy, W.M.; Noll, K.S.; Buie, M.W.; Benecchi, S.D.; et al. (December 2018).
5602:
5555:
5469:
5434:
5383:
5379:
5330:
5281:
5228:
5150:
5130:
5043:
5023:
4973:
4858:
4809:
4782:
4729:
4682:
4635:
4582:
4498:
4376:
4199:
3887:
3837:
3773:
3637:
3446:
3391:
3363:
3308:
3239:
3131:
3038:
3019:
3005:
2485:
2484:) separately from the major planets and assigning them numbers instead of abstract
2410:
2339:
2270:
2254:
2150:
1995:
1851:
1589:
1424:
1323:
1298:
1297:
The rotation of a planet can be induced by several factors during formation. A net
1034:
997:
842:
774:
692:
530:
522:
507:
443:
294:
more broadly, including dwarf planets as well as rounded satellites like the Moon.
236:
118:
76:
15366:
15334:
15166:
15021:. Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland – via Google Books.
14102:
13255:. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams, International Astronomical Union: 1.
13206:
11371:
10077:
9348:
9205:
8230:
7984:
7821:. Voyager "Uranus-Neptune" Workshop Pasadena 6–8 February 1984. pp. 327–347.
6863:
6846:
6834:
3828:, who carries the souls of the newly deceased to the underworld (Pluto's domain).
2937:
increased. The current official working definition of an exoplanet is as follows:
18774:
18017:
17857:
17757:
17681:
17671:
17450:
17057:
16955:
16863:
16754:
16732:
16529:
16473:
16463:
16253:
16233:
16202:
16190:
16144:
16132:
16036:
16019:
15979:
15957:
15952:
14413:
14329:
14226:
14195:
14130:
13664:
13529:
12616:
12525:
12499:
12415:
Ragep, Sally P. (2007). "Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (980?1037)". In Thomas Hockey (ed.).
11601:
11508:
9855:
9624:
9406:
9118:
9014:
8533:"Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model"
8532:
8438:
7784:
7737:
7550:
7263:
6966:(2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship".
6959:
6926:
5864:
5803:
5667:
5629:
5001:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter"
4786:
4733:
4687:
4662:
3816:(originally specifically from fairy mythology, but that ended with the naming of
3710:
3218:
3214:
3206:
2810:
2719:
2550:
2537:
2143:
2130:
2103:
The first civilization known to have a functional theory of the planets were the
1925:
1884:
1846:
1826:
1777:
1597:
1428:
1266:
1224:
1185:
1143:
1104:
in the Solar System, whereas its farthest separation from the star is called its
1082:
748:
714:
708:
704:
671:
439:
by Neptune, and Earth's Moon and Pluto's Charon might have formed in collisions.
103:
13914:
12031:
11640:
11393:
11198:
6893:
von Bloh; et al. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581".
6409:
Hand, Eric (20 December 2011). "Kepler discovers first Earth-sized exoplanets".
4380:
1342:
1069:
In the Solar System, all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as the
821:
227:
identified celestial bodies with gods, and these connections with mythology and
18839:
18802:
17922:
17917:
17722:
17631:
17041:
16821:
16811:
16749:
16612:
16539:
16500:
16421:
16394:
16248:
16222:
16112:
16083:
16061:
16051:
16041:
15994:
12937:
12799:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
12689:
12664:
12277:
11802:
11649:
11260:(2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk".
11226:
11017:
10950:
10499:
10180:
10145:
8963:
8938:
8758:
8014:
Correia, Alexandre C. M.; Laskar, Jacques; De Surgy, Olivier Néron (May 2003).
7890:
7613:
Winn, Joshua N.; Holman, Matthew J. (2005). "Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters".
7055:
7020:
4247:
like the Sun is not available. This statistic is an extrapolation from data on
3817:
3813:
3780:
are major Roman goddesses, and Pallas is an epithet of the major Greek goddess
3328:
3268:
3264:
3222:
3209:, use the Roman (Latin) names rather than the Greek ones. The Romans inherited
3084:
In ancient Greece, the two great luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, were called
3046:
3026:. (The lettering starts at b, with a considered to represent the parent star.)
2803:
2711:
2421:
2331:
2188:
2070:
1906:
1773:
1757:
1717:
1633:
1585:
1543:
1535:
1502:
1456:
1444:
1416:
1181:
1117:
1070:
955:
804:
784:
764:
760:
752:
742:
667:
579:
503:
412:
394:(a process of sticky collision) dust particles in the disk steadily accumulate
14868:
14843:
13427:
13308:
13183:
12440:
12219:
10681:
7941:
5770:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà (
5504:
4701:
4534:"The definition of planet is still a sore point – especially among Pluto fans"
4461:
2904:
announced the first definitive detection of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary
1780:(on Neptune). Weather patterns detected on exoplanets include a hot region on
172:. Planets grow in this disk by the gradual accumulation of material driven by
18973:
18869:
18849:
18057:
18052:
18047:
17727:
17666:
17621:
17560:
17555:
17530:
17465:
17455:
17445:
17140:
17120:
16700:
16433:
16416:
16237:
16154:
16117:
16088:
16078:
16046:
16024:
16004:
15967:
15940:
15935:
15930:
14582:
14287:
14164:
13506:
13435:
12778:
12751:
12665:"Precession of Mercury's Perihelion from Ranging to the MESSENGER Spacecraft"
12368:
12227:
12164:
11830:
11587:
11234:
10958:
10789:
10584:
10541:
Fortney, Jonathan J.; Dawson, Rebekah I.; Komacek, Thaddeus D. (March 2021).
10507:
10351:
10189:
9592:
8766:
7072:
6420:
6336:
6294:
5473:
5391:
5344:
4594:
4388:
4188:
4175:
3428:
3190:
3001:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2858:
2795:
2715:
2558:
2554:
2533:
2522:
2521:
suggested in 1964 that Pluto may be a comet. The discovery of its large moon
2444:
2427:
In the first decade of the 19th century, four new 'planets' were discovered:
2377:
2367:
2228:
2125:
1895:
1809:
1793:
1681:
1551:
1315:
899:
891:
795:
788:
778:
768:
726:
700:
659:
534:
432:
263:
232:
15519:"Out of this World: New Astronomy Symbols Approved for the Unicode Standard"
13497:
13470:
12752:"On the possible results of an encounter of Pluto with the Neptunian system"
11242:
10408:
10332:
10313:
9494:
7422:
6658:
5909:
5335:
5308:
5134:
1398:
1346:
18915:
18203:
18188:
18067:
17964:
17887:
17656:
17636:
17626:
17524:
17460:
17218:
17204:
16995:
16950:
16607:
16490:
16384:
16324:
16307:
16127:
16105:
16056:
16014:
15999:
15984:
15850:
15809:
15774:
15594:
14269:
13936:
13597:
12838:
12722:
12303:
12083:
11257:
11201:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit"
11162:
10976:
10879:
10689:
10416:
10257:
10146:"Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b"
10122:
9990:
9832:
9502:
9443:
7992:
7792:
7598:
7573:
6677:
6344:
6110:
5917:
5481:
5142:
5035:
4538:
3951:
of the corresponding Greek names, and the symbol for Mercury is a stylized
3797:
3656:
or "the planet" (given its lack of distinguishing features), Mars is מאדים
3202:
3194:
3050:
3030:
3011:
2977:
2893:
2799:
2748:
2718:(about the same size as Mimas) have been included for comparison. Unimaged
2684:
2621:
2603:
2587:
2481:
2355:
2351:
2323:
2315:
2192:
2135:
2086:
1999:
1971:
1932:
1742:
1677:
1478:
1474:
1368:
1334:
1265:
The planets rotate around invisible axes through their centres. A planet's
970:
942:
930:
929:
team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting a
895:
880:
861:
data suggests a minimum average of 1.6 bound planets for every star in the
756:
738:
730:
718:
583:
558:
416:
399:
283:
134:
111:
44:
14555:
The Origin and Early Development of the Nine Planetary Deities (Navagraha)
12977:
An introduction to astronomy, to which is added an astronomical vocabulary
12819:
11051:
Molnar, L. A.; Dunn, D. E. (1996). "On the Formation of Planetary Rings".
8474:"The Total Number of Giant Planets in Debris Disks with Central Clearings"
8073:"Long-Term Evolution of the Spin of Venus, Part II: Numerical Simulations"
3429:
2338:
accepted that the Earth rotates around its axis. In the 11th century, the
2223:), though this had long been known in Mesopotamia. In the 3rd century BC,
1431:, whose equatorial diameter is 43 kilometers (27 mi) larger than the
39:
18818:
18759:
18651:
18129:
17907:
17902:
17872:
17842:
17797:
17752:
17747:
17676:
17661:
17596:
17540:
17535:
17501:
17486:
17481:
17475:
17259:
17253:
17036:
17024:
17019:
16970:
16945:
16915:
16910:
16858:
16853:
16678:
16592:
16551:
16512:
16389:
16214:
16137:
16100:
15989:
14994:
Beiträge Zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposion ( 23–27 September 1991)
14766:
Stieglitz, Robert (April 1981). "The Hebrew names of the seven planets".
14396:
13761:
13726:
13566:
13404:"Impact-driven mobilization of deep crustal brines on dwarf planet Ceres"
13152:. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences.
13060:
12699:
12534:. Vol. 1. Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society. p. 100.
12364:
11902:
11815:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
11274:
10764:
10576:
10391:
9925:
9660:
8838:
8327:
8291:
8256:
7627:
7504:
7479:
7360:
6963:
5268:
5215:
4896:
4248:
4244:
3965:
3785:
3498:
3484:
3316:
3256:
3042:
2917:
2848:
2591:
2579:
2311:
2300:
2108:
2015:
1918:
1914:
1874:
1781:
1555:
1319:
1311:
1223:
Planets have varying degrees of axial tilt; they spin at an angle to the
1153:
1062:
1013:
1001:
993:
974:
966:
907:
734:
663:
545:
is more likely to have a substantial planetary system than a metal-poor,
526:
404:
306:
302:
271:
107:
15034:"Historical Encyclopaedia: Entitled "Meadows of gold and mines of gems""
14320:
Rengel, Marian; Daly, Kathleen N. (2009).
11144:
10927:"Biological methane production under putative Enceladus-like conditions"
10239:
9982:
9756:
Basilevsky, Alexandr T.; Head, James W. (2003). "The surface of Venus".
6794:
Mayor, Michel; Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; et al. (2009).
6328:
6265:
6102:
5027:
3124:, the light bringer; and the fleeting final planet, Mercury, was called
274:. The discovery of other large objects in the Kuiper belt, particularly
18859:
18823:
18780:
18100:
17867:
17641:
17565:
17491:
17470:
17278:
17225:
16965:
16544:
16122:
14172:
12932:
12930:
11153:
10342:
10248:
4754:
4205:
4167:
4163:
3598:
3382:
2881:
2405:
2393:
2361:
2319:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2169:. These would remain the only known planets until the invention of the
2082:
1924:
No secondary characteristics have been observed around exoplanets. The
1842:
1835:
1765:
1753:
1709:, so that Earth and Venus are near the maximum size for rocky planets.
1673:
1645:
1547:
1542:. Its mass is roughly half that of the planet Mercury. Even smaller is
1307:
1216:
1206:
1121:
1112:). As a planet approaches periastron, its speed increases as it trades
1101:
1097:
951:
938:
934:
873:
854:
681:
or satellite planets—moons large enough to take on ellipsoidal shapes:
568:
447:
411:, greatly increasing the capture rate of the planetesimals by means of
408:
314:
15458:"NASA's Solar System Exploration: Multimedia: Gallery: Pluto's Symbol"
14992:[The role of astronomy in the cultures of the Mesopotamians].
14787:
13961:
13557:"Asteroid Hygiea May be the Smallest Dwarf Planet in the Solar System"
12001:
Kasak, Enn; Veede, Raul (2001). Mare Kõiva; Andres Kuperjanov (eds.).
11987:
11105:
10992:"Bayesian analysis of Enceladus's plume data to assess methanogenesis"
9824:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
114:
has eight planets by the most restrictive definition of the term: the
18763:
18715:
18690:
18675:
17550:
17545:
17511:
17496:
17385:
17239:
17232:
16661:
16627:
16458:
16379:
16302:
16297:
16268:
16009:
15962:
15831:
15814:
13823:
13561:
12091:
11945:. State Archives of Assyria. Vol. 8. Helsinki University Press.
10746:
Shkolnik, E.; Walker, G. A. H.; Bohlender, D. A. (10 November 2003).
9156:
6532:
6156:
4663:"Enhanced Collisional Growth of a Protoplanet that has an Atmosphere"
4002:
3378:
3171:
3015:
2988:
2921:
2909:
2866:
2854:
2477:
2457:
2347:
2288:
2216:
2170:
2120:
2104:
2054:
2030:
2011:
2003:
1858:
1789:
1761:
1720:, but differ drastically in density: the average surface pressure of
1629:
1506:
1487:
1211:
989:
911:
884:
862:
838:
834:
816:
722:
696:
595:
587:
420:
383:
298:
255:
243:
194:
165:
16263:
15550:
15253:
Maunder, A.S.D. (1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets".
14156:
12927:
10114:
8257:"Masses and densities of dwarf planet satellites measured with ALMA"
7713:
7519:
Carry, B.; et al. (2009). "Physical properties of (2) Pallas".
6591:"Astronomers answer key question: How common are habitable planets?"
1660:
514:(smaller planets will lose any atmosphere they gain through various
278:, spurred debate about how exactly to define a planet. In 2006, the
18711:
17940:
17292:
17130:
16597:
16453:
16438:
16173:
15880:
15728:
14779:
14666:
13897:
13743:
13683:
13487:
13210:
12941:
12877:
12599:
12148:
11979:
11725:
11491:
11291:
11127:
10781:
10559:
10482:
10464:
Showman, Adam P.; Tan, Xianyu; Parmentier, Vivien (December 2020).
10162:
9908:
9677:
9188:
8889:
8855:
8802:
8713:
8344:
8273:
8213:
7714:"Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter"
7644:
7377:
7037:
6980:
6753:
6737:"Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds"
6695:. Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011
5847:
5560:
5535:
5285:
5232:
5117:
4960:
4363:
4295:
rather than Chinese characters, e.g. 명왕성 for Pluto. In Vietnamese,
3994:
3970:
3952:
3948:
3765:
3723:, "withdrawer"). Multiple suggested etymologies exist for Mercury (
3108:
2925:
2772:
2549:
satellites as secondary planets, even non-round ones like Saturn's
2449:
2432:
2343:
2327:
2244:
2208:
2116:
1963:
1738:
1609:
1572:
1436:
1244:
1158:
1109:
1105:
1078:
890:
The first confirmed discovery of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary
850:
643:
591:
228:
30:
This article is about the astronomical object. For other uses, see
14922:
Meyers, Carol L.; O'Connor, M.; O'Connor, Michael Patrick (1983).
14085:
14030:
13977:
13401:
11354:
10052:
9965:
9607:
8785:
8490:
8421:
8380:
7817:
Belton, M. J. S.; Terrile, R. J. (1984). Bergstralh, J. T. (ed.).
7533:
7246:
7138:
6909:
6817:
6640:
6487:
6311:
6085:
5589:
5325:
4913:
4822:
4769:
4716:
4622:
3255:(Cronus). Some Romans, following a belief possibly originating in
1838:
with the solar wind, which cannot effectively protect the planet.
1447:
can be computed knowing its size, shape, rotation rate, and mass.
1419:). However, planets are not perfectly spherical; for example, the
965:
There are types of planets that do not exist in the Solar System:
398:
to form ever-larger bodies. Local concentrations of mass known as
17952:
16534:
16522:
16448:
15841:
15819:
15694:
15679:
14815:
13388:
13003:
Hunter, Robert; Williams, John A.; Heritage, S. J., eds. (1897).
12299:
10748:"Evidence for Planet-induced Chromospheric Activity on HD 179949"
6380:"NASA Discovers First Earth-size Planets Beyond Our Solar System"
4565:
Wetherill, G. W. (1980). "Formation of the Terrestrial Planets".
4171:
3978:
3793:
3530:
3470:
3422:
3404:
3143:
3114:
3102:
3041:
are derived from naming practices developed consecutively by the
2726:
The IAU definition has not been universally used or accepted. In
2514:
2473:
2469:
2440:
2397:
2296:
2249:
2158:
2078:
1746:
1621:
1617:
1240:
1177:, i.e. in the direction opposite to its parent planet's rotation.
1170:
1090:
1077:
as seen from above the Sun's north pole. At least one exoplanet,
1057:. Note the elongation of Pluto's orbit in relation to Neptune's (
603:
599:
431:
of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus formed in a similar way; however,
173:
149:
137:
60:
52:
14068:
13937:"ESO telescopes help uncover largest group of rogue planets yet"
12457:
11797:
11200:
10923:
10655:
10627:. In Lucy-Ann McFadden; Paul Weissman; Torrence Johnson (eds.).
10287:"Hubble Probes Layer-cake Structure of Alien World's Atmosphere"
9472:
9042:
8877:
Veras, Dimitri (2021). "Planetary Systems Around White Dwarfs".
8366:
Singal, Ashok K. (May 2014). "Life on a tidally-locked planet".
8305:
7477:
3589:王星 "underworld king star") in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese are
3521:
China and the countries of eastern Asia historically subject to
2695:
1477:
limit is estimated to be around 75 to 80 times that of Jupiter (
18263:
17591:
17415:
16166:
16161:
15875:
15870:
15836:
15824:
15721:
15714:
15689:
15684:
15563:
13593:"The solar system may have a new smallest dwarf planet: Hygiea"
13471:"Interpreting the densities of the Kuiper belt's dwarf planets"
13294:, San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific: 205–213,
13242:"(134340) Pluto, (136199) Eris, and (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia)"
13119:
12396:
Bausani, Alessandro (1973). "Cosmology and Religion in Islam".
7399:
Peter Goldreich (November 1966). "History of the Lunar Orbit".
4895:
4428:"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes"
4296:
4292:
4220: – Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System
4014:
3825:
3801:
3590:
3416:
3178:
3150:
3139:
3092:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3066:
2885:
2870:
2768:
2764:
2599:
2465:
2461:
2436:
2414:
2401:
2162:
1940:
1825:
One important characteristic of the planets is their intrinsic
1713:
1605:
1539:
1236:
877:
639:
635:
538:
498:
The energetic impacts of the smaller planetesimals (as well as
379:
250:
broadened to include objects only visible with assistance: the
161:
145:
141:
56:
48:
18620:
15555:
15227:. Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza .
14921:
14333:. United States: Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 66.
13365:
Sean Solomon, Larry Nittler & Brian Anderson, eds. (2018)
12060:
Sachs, A. (2 May 1974). "Babylonian Observational Astronomy".
11255:
10658:"Radiation analysis for manned missions to the Jupiter system"
9946:
9523:
8311:, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto-Sized Object in the Kuiper Belt".
3285:
1981:
1534:
The smallest known exoplanet with an accurately known mass is
321:
of their stars (where liquid water can potentially exist on a
17310:
16292:
15865:
15797:
15792:
15707:
15662:
15657:
15110:
13882:
13180:"How Many Dwarf Planets Are There in the Outer Solar System?"
11580:
11572:
9857:
Inner Solar System: Prospective Energy and Material Resources
6793:
4865:. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 297–317.
4816:. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. pp. 319–346.
4344:
3768:). The asteroids were initially named from mythology as well—
3526:
3438:
3410:
3398:
3374:
3303:
3291:
3058:
3034:
2760:
2630:
2505:
2488:, although they continued to be considered as small planets.
2220:
2207:
is said to have been the first to identify the evening star (
2146:
2046:
2019:
1975:
1785:
1685:
1593:
1235:
points towards it, and vice versa. Each planet therefore has
1054:
1030:
631:
511:
188:
126:
122:
95:
68:
64:
15450:
13725:
Margot, Jean-Luc; Gladman, Brett; Yang, Tony (1 July 2024).
10466:"Atmospheric Dynamics of Hot Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs"
10376:
10211:
Ballester, Gilda E.; Sing, David K.; Herbert, Floyd (2007).
9377:
9090:
5955:"How Big Is Pluto? New Horizons Settles Decades-Long Debate"
4345:
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1 June 2022).
3185:
1857:
In 2003, a team of astronomers in Hawaii observing the star
305:—giant planets that orbit close to their parent stars, like
15918:
15802:
15667:
15140:
Lassell, W. (1852). "Beobachtungen der Uranus-Satelliten".
12662:
12640:
In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton's Clockwork
9378:
Monteux, J.; Tobie, G.; Choblet, G.; Le Feuvre, M. (2014).
8591:"10.05 – Gravity and Topography of the Terrestrial Planets"
8402:
7123:
6383:
5102:
4807:
4320:
4214: – Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life
4006:
3993:, and was intended to represent the newly discovered metal
3672:, are not the original Hebrew names of the planets. In 377
3386:
3297:
3164:
3157:
3074:
2794:
as "satellite planets", including Earth's Moon and Pluto's
2702:
List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
2154:
2139:
1601:
1427:. Therefore, a better approximation of Earth's shape is an
686:
395:
326:
220:
130:
99:
72:
18910:
12899:
Luu, Jane X.; Jewitt, David C. (1996). "The Kuiper Belt".
8564:"Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data"
8016:"Long-Term Evolution of the Spin of Venus, Part I: Theory"
6622:"Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars"
6070:
5313:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
3373:
Non-European cultures use other planetary-naming systems.
2291:
propounded a planetary model that explicitly incorporated
1716:. The atmospheres of Mars and Venus are both dominated by
1596:. The terrestrial planets' mantles are sealed within hard
571:, whereas Mercury is the smallest, at 0.055 Earth masses.
415:. Depending on the accretion history of solids and gas, a
18552:
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
15647:
14346:
The Seven Day Circle: The history and meaning of the week
13667:(2015). "A quantitative criterion for defining planets".
10143:
9703:(4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 67.
9698:
7919:
4202:– A list of lists of planets sorted by diverse attributes
3974:
3676:
recorded another set of names that seem to have pagan or
2350:
devised a method of determining the Earth's radius using
1628:. The fluid action within these planets' cores creates a
1270:
216:
15067:
14990:"Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens"
14614:
10037:
9798:
9755:
8823:
7855:
Lissauer, Jack J. (September 1993). "Planet formation".
7480:"The permanently shadowed regions of dwarf planet Ceres"
6292:
5200:
3824:; Pluto's planetary-mass moon Charon is named after the
2279:
1660 illustration of Claudius Ptolemy's geocentric model
1756:
or internal energy, leading to the formation of dynamic
1127:
Each planet's orbit is delineated by a set of elements:
15298:"Proposal to Encode the Astronomical Symbol for Uranus"
12727:
Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems
12581:
11469:
11339:
10745:
9894:
Horst, Sarah (2017). "Titan's Atmosphere and Climate".
9130:
9128:
8772:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
8197:
7206:
6036:
5660:
4607:
4601:
4274:
3820:). Neptune's planetary-mass moon Triton is named after
3112:, Jupiter, "bright"; the red planet, Mars was known as
2931:
1921:. The dwarf planets Haumea and Quaoar also have rings.
1423:
causes it to be slightly flattened at the poles with a
152:. The best available theory of planet formation is the
15269:
13002:
12845:
10983:
9319:
Neumann, W.; Breuer, D.; Spohn, T. (2 December 2015).
9283:
9172:
8756:
5767:
5452:
Kasting, James F. (1993). "Earth's early atmosphere".
4808:
D'Angelo, G.; Durisen, R. H.; Lissauer, J. J. (2011).
2861:, or if it was large enough to generate energy by the
1465:
binding its physical structure, leading to a state of
578:
are similar to Earth, with bodies largely composed of
325:), but Earth remains the only planet known to support
18899:
13845:
Basri, Gibor (2000). "Observations of Brown Dwarfs".
13775:
11309:"A Planet With Planets? Spitzer Finds Cosmic Oddball"
10822:
9045:"Cassini Finds Saturn Moon Has Planet-Like Qualities"
8013:
6620:
Petigura, E. A.; Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W. (2013).
6472:
5831:
4299:
are more common than directly reading these names as
3010:
The naming of planets differs between planets of the
1978:, and there continues to be some disagreement today.
1314:, their proximity to their stars means that they are
15031:
14717:
14015:
13182:. California Institute of Technology. Archived from
12298:
10917:
10540:
10463:
10289:(Press release). Space Telescope Science Institute.
10210:
9645:
9125:
9096:
8597:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 153–193,
8472:
Faber, Peter; Quillen, Alice C. (26 November 2007).
7842:
The Outer Worlds; Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Beyond
6528:"NASA discovery doubles the number of known planets"
4939:
3181:, messenger of the gods and god of learning and wit.
2822:
values above 100, while Ceres, Pluto, and Eris have
2790:
Planetary geologists may include the nineteen known
2513:
suggested that Pluto may be an escaped satellite of
2362:
Scientific Revolution and discovery of outer planets
2299:. Aryabhata's followers were particularly strong in
1053:
The orbit of the planet Neptune compared to that of
876:
announced the discovery of two planets orbiting the
825:
Exoplanet detections per year as of August 2023 (by
262:
and other bodies later recognized to be part of the
14848:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
14383:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
13801:
13630:"Why we need a new definition of the word 'planet'"
13522:"Should Large Moons Be Called 'Satellite Planets'?"
13513:
13279:
12489:
12487:
12417:
Ibn Sīnā: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā
11333:
10433:"NASA's Spitzer Sees Day and Night on Exotic World"
7574:"Vesta: Spin Pole, Size, and Shape from HST Images"
7018:
6619:
5871:
5416:
5170:(PhD thesis). University of Massachusetts Amherst.
5080:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology.
4945:
2358:, only required observations at a single mountain.
15381:
15203:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 62–63.
13041:"Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?"
12545:
12544:
11763:
10989:
10623:Kivelson, Margaret Galland; Bagenal, Fran (2007).
9728:(2nd ed.), Academic Press, pp. 168–177,
9318:
9043:Jia-Rui C. Cook and Dwayne Brown (26 April 2012).
7762:
7668:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4273:Margot's parameter is not to be confused with the
3315:considered planets.) The name originates from the
3177:Stilbon with its speedy motion, was ruled over by
3118:, the "fiery"; the brightest, Venus, was known as
2138:period in the 7th century BC, comprises a list of
1752:Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying
529:—an astronomical term describing the abundance of
18229:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
18224:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
15476:
15368:Report on the history of the discovery of Neptune
14437:"Explainer: the gods behind the days of the week"
13724:
13475:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
13469:Barr, Amy C.; Schwamb, Megan E. (1 August 2016).
12851:
12757:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
12330:
10320:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
9860:. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag GmbH. p. 492.
8880:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science
8589:Wieczorek, M. A. (2015), Schubert, Gerald (ed.),
8478:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
8255:Brown, Michael E.; Butler, Bryan (October 2023).
8071:Laskar, Jacques; De Surgy, Olivier Néron (2003).
7065:20.500.11820/4f26e8e5-5d42-4259-bc20-fcb093d664b6
4291:In Korean, these names are more often written in
3668:or "justice". These names, first attested in the
2732:defined as planets by geophysical characteristics
2069:from which today's word "planet" was derived. In
1784:twice the size of the Great Red Spot, as well as
849:. Known exoplanets range in size from gas giants
18971:
17848:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
15360:
15358:
13955:
13333:Runyon, Kirby D.; Stern, S. Alan (17 May 2018).
12484:
10618:
10616:
10614:
10439:(Press release). 12 October 2006. Archived from
9699:Zeilik, Michael A.; Gregory, Stephan A. (1998).
8932:
8930:
7207:Dvorak, R.; Kurths, J.; Freistetter, F. (2005).
5360:"Origin and Evolution of the Natural Satellites"
3100:deities; the slowest planet, Saturn, was called
2835:) to accommodate planets orbiting brown dwarfs.
2655:"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Resolutions 5 and 6"
2330:and India. These astronomers, like the polymath
590:, Jupiter and Saturn, are primarily composed of
47:with size to scale (up to down, left to right):
15607:
14202:. Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
14124:Exoplanet Criteria for Inclusion in the Archive
13720:
13718:
13034:
13032:
13030:
13028:
12063:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
11256:Luhman, K. L.; Adame, Lucía; D'Alessio, Paola;
10990:Affholder, Antonin; et al. (7 June 2021).
10622:
10543:"Hot Jupiters: Origins, Structure, Atmospheres"
10285:Weaver, Donna; Villard, Ray (31 January 2007).
10031:
9853:
9749:
9380:"Can large icy moons accrete undifferentiated?"
9224:
9222:
8524:
8173:Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado
7471:
7398:
6627:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6402:
6288:
6286:
4476:
1061:), as well as its large angle to the ecliptic (
15194:
15192:
12470:. Harvard University Press. pp. 216–217.
12149:"Inana and Šukaletuda: A Sumerian Astral Myth"
12003:"Understanding Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia"
11940:
11432:"When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets?"
11306:
11199:B. E. Morgado; et al. (8 February 2023).
10895:"Bacterial explanation for Europa's rosy glow"
10084:
9586:
9524:Coustenis, Athéna & Taylor, F. W. (2008).
9436:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8299:
8070:
7962:
7812:
7810:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6466:
6134:
5533:
4267:
4237:
1501:), an object achieves conditions suitable for
552:
371:Protoplanets colliding during planet formation
18636:
17326:
15768:
15579:
15355:
15133:
14811:"Uranus and Neptune Get Hebrew Names at Last"
14610:
14608:
14231:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 128–129.
13048:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
12577:
12575:
12531:The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel
12200:Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions
11965:
11895:
11859:. Oxford University Press. pp. 296–297.
11856:The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy
11465:
11463:
11461:
11459:
11457:
11455:
11453:
11425:
11423:
11421:
11419:
11053:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
10611:
10284:
9556:
9258:
9134:
8927:
8671:"Official Working Definition of an Exoplanet"
8557:
7883:
7816:
7571:
7345:
7231:
6371:
6258:"Top Science Results from the Kepler Mission"
6219:
6217:
5988:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 425.
5877:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5253:
4998:
3753:), but there is no agreement among scholars.
3506:
3492:
3478:
3464:
3454:
2696:Criticisms and alternatives to IAU definition
1261:Exoplanetology § Rotation and axial tilt
290:have nonetheless continued to apply the term
15560:(educational site with illustrated articles)
15326:
14890:
14375:
14373:
13727:"Quantitative Criteria for Defining Planets"
13715:
13285:
13025:
12421:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
12251:
12249:
11848:
11846:
11844:
11842:
11840:
11192:
11085:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 388–390.
10816:
9371:
9312:
9219:
9168:
9166:
8817:
8471:
8250:
8248:
7705:
7687:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
6435:
6283:
6130:
6128:
5704:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 59.
4901:Origin of Europa and the Galilean Satellites
4347:"The IAU working definition of an exoplanet"
3997:. An alternative symbol, ♅, was invented by
3744:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3700:
3690:
2884:announced the discovery of planets around a
2602:, were heralded in the popular press as the
1864:
386:forms at the core, surrounded by a rotating
27:Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
15248:
15246:
15189:
15103:
14960:Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
14911:– via referenceworks.brillonline.com.
14379:
14349:. University of Chicago Press. p. 14.
14279:1871.1/f23ff882-1539-4906-bc08-049906f8d505
13847:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
13468:
13332:
12638:Baum, Richard P.; Sheehan, William (2003).
12637:
12375:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 116.
11994:
11812:The Mechanical Universe: Mechanics and Heat
10851:
9854:Badescu, Viorel (2015). Zacny, Kris (ed.).
9234:Department of Physics, University of Oregon
9055:
9036:
8979:
8656:
8254:
8191:
7857:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
7819:Rotational properties of Uranus and Neptune
7807:
7565:
6958:
6734:
6721:
5634:. Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
5574:
5364:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
5307:Martin, R. G.; Livio, M. (1 January 2013).
5306:
4850:
4567:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
4195:List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
2564:
1982:Ancient civilizations and classical planets
1561:
1387:
18643:
18629:
17333:
17319:
15586:
15572:
15422:"Unicode request for dwarf-planet symbols"
15415:
15413:
15411:
15409:
15407:
15405:
15375:
15371:. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 5, 22.
14988:Galter, Hannes D. (23–27 September 1991).
14891:Ragep, F.J.; Hartner, W. (24 April 2012).
14761:
14759:
14757:
14605:
14336:
14193:
13878:
13876:
13659:
13657:
13326:
13168:
13038:
12572:
12493:
12000:
11917:; Sollberger, E.; Walker, C. B. F (eds.),
11711:
11450:
11416:
11099:
11050:
8134:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
7665:
7612:
7459:
7434:
7432:
6613:
6214:
6064:
5752:
5695:
5693:
5163:
5096:
5065:
4695:
4660:
4497:
4430:. International Astronomical Union. 2006.
3808:of Uranus are named after characters from
1161:. For exoplanets, the plane, known as the
1019:
17391:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters
15291:
15289:
15111:"IAU: WG Small Body Nomenclature (WGSBN)"
15016:
14867:
14765:
14693:"Cambridge English-Vietnamese Dictionary"
14395:
14370:
14342:
14277:
14084:
14029:
13976:
13896:
13760:
13742:
13682:
13496:
13486:
13307:
13059:
12898:
12828:
12818:
12777:
12749:
12698:
12688:
12598:
12389:
12255:
12246:
12021:
11837:
11751:. British Museum Press. pp. 264–265.
11490:
11353:
11273:
11152:
11126:
10966:
10763:
10558:
10481:
10390:
10341:
10331:
10247:
10179:
10161:
10051:
9964:
9947:Knutson, Heather A.; Charbonneau, David;
9907:
9701:Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics
9659:
9606:
9347:
9187:
9163:
8962:
8888:
8837:
8784:
8712:
8702:
8698:
8696:
8588:
8507:
8489:
8420:
8379:
8326:
8290:
8272:
8245:
8212:
8160:
7626:
7597:
7532:
7518:
7512:
7503:
7359:
7245:
7137:
7054:
7036:
6979:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6908:
6816:
6770:
6752:
6667:
6657:
6639:
6486:
6310:
6177:
6125:
6084:
6045:"Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog"
5986:Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System
5846:
5702:Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System
5588:
5559:
5534:Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff (2005).
5334:
5324:
5267:
5214:
5116:
4959:
4912:
4889:
4821:
4768:
4715:
4686:
4621:
4564:
4362:
3436:(councilor of the gods) for Jupiter, and
3213:as the Greeks did and shared with them a
3197:'s Roman names of the planets are derived
1854:and displaced from the planets' centres.
1326:created by solar heating speeding it up.
18259:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
17105:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
15516:
15275:
15243:
15046:
14808:
14254:"A Late Composition Dedicated to Nergal"
13929:
13359:
13107:
13039:Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E. (2006).
12721:
11968:Journal of the American Oriental Society
11886:
11434:. U.S. Naval Observatory. Archived from
10547:Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
9940:
9847:
8937:Jacobson, Robert. A. (1 November 2022).
8936:
8551:
8530:
7854:
7674:
7670:. University Science Books. p. 384.
7209:Chaos And Stability in Planetary Systems
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
6892:
6566:. University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.
6180:"Planets Around the Pulsar PSR B1257+12"
5627:
4856:
4748:
4531:
4340:
4338:
4021:Some rarer planetary symbols in Unicode
3652:or "the bright planet", Mercury is כוכב
3625:神星 "pregnancy goddess star"), Makemake (
3184:
2705:
2371:
2274:
2176:
1985:
1946:
1878:
1813:
1659:
1571:
1283:
1210:
1048:
1045:Exoplanetology § Orbital parameters
960:intelligent, communicating civilizations
820:
608:
492:ejecta producing planet-forming material
38:
17301:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
16329:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
15402:
15252:
15139:
14754:
14711:
14580:
14529:Greek-English, English-Greek Dictionary
14435:Ross, Margaret Clunies (January 2018).
14251:
13873:
13654:
13627:
13555:Urrutia, Doris Elin (28 October 2019).
13554:
13519:
12792:
12518:
12395:
12338:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
12140:
12106:
11793:
11791:
11674:
11672:
11543:"Ancient Greek Astronomy and Cosmology"
11249:
11077:
9723:
9692:
8752:
8750:
7684:The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System
7429:
6735:Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016).
6588:
6582:
6444:"Two Earth-Size Planets Are Discovered"
6441:
6377:
5827:
5825:
5690:
5451:
5072:Taylor, G. Jeffrey (31 December 1998).
4992:
4801:
3648:or "the white one", Venus is כוכב נוגה
3617:神星 "hearth goddess star"), and Hygiea (
3160:, Cronus's son who deposed him as king;
3153:, the Titan who fathered the Olympians;
2995:
2376:True-scale Solar System poster made by
2267:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
984:, takes 88 days for an orbit, but
14:
18972:
15557:Planetary Science Research Discoveries
15419:
15286:
15053:(6th ed.). Springer. p. 15.
14987:
14948:
14841:
14647:from the original on 21 September 2022
14581:Panaino, Antonio (20 September 2016).
14551:
14526:
14495:
14142:
13795:
13663:
13204:
13139:
13078:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058
12980:. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 204.
12524:
12193:
12146:
12112:
11943:Astrological reports to Assyrian kings
11889:Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
11523:from the original on 11 September 2022
11430:Hilton, James L. (17 September 2001).
11429:
10857:
10714:
9061:
8985:
8899:10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.238
8693:
8403:Walker, G. A. H.; et al. (2008).
8365:
8127:
8052:from the original on 27 September 2019
7848:
7844:. Springer New York. pp. 195–206.
7839:
7438:
6941:
6525:
5727:
5723:
5721:
5631:Cosmology: The Science of the Universe
5502:
5078:Planetary Science Research Discoveries
5071:
4999:Agnor, C. B.; Hamilton, D. P. (2006).
4226: – Scientific modeling of planets
3660:or "the red one", and Saturn is שבתאי
3577:星 "earth star"). The names of Uranus (
2197:their own independent planetary theory
1935:, is believed to be orbited by a tiny
1905:The four giant planets are orbited by
1768:(on Mars), a greater-than-Earth-sized
1497:(at least for objects with solar-type
1349:appear to be mutually tidally locked.
894:star occurred on 6 October 1995, when
521:With the discovery and observation of
18624:
18567:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
17314:
15567:
15364:
15295:
15231:from the original on 27 February 2018
15217:
15198:
15167:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature"
15115:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature
15082:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature
14593:from the original on 24 February 2023
14252:Cecilia, Ludovica (6 November 2019).
13844:
13628:Netburn, Deborah (13 November 2015).
13378:
13240:Green, D. W. E. (13 September 2006).
13239:
13174:
12414:
12363:
12171:from the original on 24 December 2019
12059:
11901:
11852:
11770:. Harvard University Press. pp.
11746:
10892:
10599:from the original on 14 December 2023
10522:from the original on 14 December 2023
10090:
9893:
9544:from the original on 14 December 2023
8876:
8628:
8453:from the original on 25 February 2021
8166:
7711:
7314:
7185:
7170:
6886:
6874:from the original on 10 November 2012
6690:
6454:from the original on 20 December 2011
6378:Johnson, Michele (20 December 2011).
6042:
5983:
5881:; Schaller, Emily L. (15 June 2007).
5699:
5648:from the original on 14 December 2023
5357:
4446:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4335:
3077:; and Jupiter after their chief god,
2845:Exoplanet § History of detection
2826:values of 0.1, or less. Objects with
2496:another planet even closer to the Sun
2420:When four satellites of Jupiter (the
2260:
658:. Ceres is the largest object in the
18249:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
18239:Habitability of neutron star systems
15332:
15201:Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus
15121:from the original on 8 February 2022
14969:from the original on 10 October 2022
14736:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2018.03.015
14638:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2007.04.020
14434:
14224:
13573:from the original on 5 November 2019
13347:from the original on 10 October 2019
13013:from the original on 30 October 2023
13006:The American Encyclopædic Dictionary
12984:from the original on 30 October 2023
12970:
12566:participating institution membership
12463:
12345:from the original on 1 February 2022
12258:Journal for the History of Astronomy
12041:from the original on 4 February 2019
11788:
11761:
11669:
11180:from the original on 7 November 2020
10017:from the original on 5 December 2022
9726:Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences
8747:
8644:from the original on 16 January 2011
7680:
7666:Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, ed. (1992).
6856:
6570:from the original on 20 October 2011
6442:Overbye, Dennis (20 December 2011).
6408:
6359:from the original on 19 October 2022
6255:
5822:
5536:"The Planet-Metallicity Correlation"
4513:from the original on 22 January 2022
4262:Timeline of Solar System exploration
3613:神星 "marriage goddess star"), Vesta (
3073:; Mercury after their god of wisdom
2932:IAU working definition of exoplanets
382:into a thin disk of gas and dust. A
239:during the 16th and 17th centuries.
94:that is generally required to be in
18592:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
18219:Habitability of binary star systems
15314:from the original on 2 October 2022
15296:Iancu, Laurentiu (14 August 2009).
15282:. Sheldon & Co. pp. 32–36.
15177:from the original on 21 August 2014
14952:Sinn und Herkunft der Planetennamen
14823:from the original on 5 October 2022
14809:Ettinger, Yair (31 December 2009).
14699:from the original on 7 October 2022
14508:from the original on 23 August 2012
13609:from the original on 31 August 2022
13263:. Circular No. 8747. Archived from
13127:from the original on 6 October 2017
13115:"Estados Unidos "conquista" Haumea"
12119:. Macmillan and Co. pp. 7–11.
11749:Astronomy in China, Korea and Japan
11307:Whitney Clavin (29 November 2005).
10007:"First Map of an Extrasolar Planet"
9874:from the original on 21 August 2018
9527:Titan: Exploring an Earthlike World
9424:from the original on 9 October 2022
9359:from the original on 22 August 2016
8761:; Han, Eunkyu; Feng, Y. Katherina;
8539:from the original on 20 August 2011
7877:10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.001021
7572:Thomas, P. C.; et al. (1997).
6237:from the original on 25 August 2016
6050:The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia
5740:from the original on 12 August 2019
5718:
5678:from the original on 4 October 2022
4587:10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.000453
3745:
3735:
3725:
3715:
3701:
3691:
3644:or "the hot one", the Moon is לבנה
3629:神星 "bird goddess star"), and Eris (
3533:) use a naming system based on the
3518:, meaning "the permanent, steady".
3507:
3493:
3479:
3465:
3455:
1352:
920:catalog of Kepler candidate planets
427:may result. It is thought that the
24:
18577:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
18234:Habitability of natural satellites
15603:
15529:from the original on 6 August 2022
15438:from the original on 23 March 2022
15257:. Vol. 57. pp. 238–247.
15091:from the original on 20 March 2023
15032:Ali-Abu'l-Hassan, Mas'ûdi (1841).
14496:Harper, Douglas (September 2001).
14302:from the original on 22 March 2022
12856:(1978). "The Satellite of Pluto".
12331:O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F.
11404:from the original on 26 April 2022
10893:Jones, Nicola (11 December 2001).
10715:Gefter, Amanda (17 January 2004).
10696:from the original on 25 April 2022
9734:10.1016/b978-0-12-382225-3.00312-1
8757:Wright, Jason T.; Fakhouri, Onsi;
8638:California Institute of Technology
8535:. National Geodetic Survey, NOAA.
8179:from the original on 30 March 2004
8148:from the original on 6 August 2023
7292:. 15 December 2004. Archived from
7211:. New York: Springer. p. 90.
6864:"New 'super-Earth' found in space"
6691:Drake, Frank (29 September 2003).
6560:"The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog"
6024:from the original on 30 April 2012
5515:from the original on 23 March 2022
4434:from the original on 29 April 2014
4415:
3685:, "small light") and Neptune (רהב
3605:神星 "grain goddess star"), Pallas (
2238:By the 1st century BC, during the
1957:Timeline of Solar System astronomy
988:can orbit in less than a day. The
510:and from the subsequent impact of
25:
19011:
18244:Habitability of red dwarf systems
15544:
15498:from the original on 26 July 2011
14673:from the original on 7 April 2010
14531:. Hippocrene Books. p. 259.
14323:Greek and Roman Mythology, A to Z
13450:from the original on 21 June 2022
13379:Brown, Mike (10 February 2023).
13367:Mercury: The View after MESSENGER
13221:from the original on 2 March 2007
13156:from the original on 19 July 2011
13145:
13123:(in Spanish). 20 September 2008.
12921:10.1038/scientificamerican0596-46
12795:"The History of the Solar System"
12506:from the original on 19 July 2012
12367:(1997). "Astronomy in India". In
12234:from the original on 16 June 2022
12116:Greek philosophy: Thales to Plato
10804:from the original on 10 July 2022
10358:from the original on 10 July 2022
10272:from the original on 28 July 2020
10150:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
10040:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
9530:. World Scientific. p. 130.
9454:from the original on 5 March 2023
7901:from the original on 9 March 2018
7744:from the original on 27 July 2020
7105:from the original on 5 April 2019
7025:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
6564:Planetary Habitability Laboratory
6475:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
6230:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
6014:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu
5084:from the original on 10 June 2010
4877:from the original on 30 June 2015
4838:from the original on 30 June 2015
4546:from the original on 10 July 2022
4532:Grossman, Lisa (24 August 2021).
3609:神星 "wisdom goddess star"), Juno (
3327:, it derives ultimately from the
3221:. During the later period of the
3029:The names for the planets of the
2354:that, unlike the older method of
1392:
1041:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
868:In early 1992, radio astronomers
254:of the planets beyond Earth; the
18957:
18945:
18933:
18921:
18909:
18341:Stars with proto-planetary discs
18305:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database
18295:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
17783:Extraterrestrial sample curation
17414:
17192:
17180:
17168:
15593:
15517:Anderson, Deborah (4 May 2022).
15510:
15420:Miller, Kirk (26 October 2021).
15159:
15050:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
15040:
15025:
15010:
14981:
14942:
14915:
14903:from the original on 9 July 2021
14884:
14835:
14802:
14685:
14659:
14574:
14562:from the original on 13 May 2022
14545:
14520:
14489:
14477:from the original on 10 May 2021
14459:
14447:from the original on 13 May 2022
14428:
14314:
14245:
14218:
14206:from the original on 6 June 2021
14194:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998).
14187:
14136:
14117:
14062:
14009:
13838:
13769:
13642:from the original on 3 June 2021
13621:
13585:
13548:
13462:
13395:
13372:
13233:
13215:British Broadcasting Corporation
13198:
13095:from the original on 4 July 2008
12996:
12964:
12952:from the original on 30 May 2012
12946:British Broadcasting Corporation
12938:"Pluto loses status as a planet"
12892:
12786:
12743:
12715:
12656:
12631:
12538:
12408:
12357:
12324:
12292:
12187:
12053:
11959:
11934:
11880:
11755:
11740:
11705:
11690:from the original on 3 July 2012
11657:from the original on 2 July 2015
11633:
11621:from the original on 1 June 2012
11607:
11565:
11535:
11386:
11071:
11044:
11032:from the original on 7 July 2021
10886:
10739:
10708:
10649:
10629:Encyclopedia of the Solar System
10534:
10457:
10370:
10307:
10293:from the original on 9 July 2016
10204:
10137:
9887:
9792:
9717:
9639:
9517:
9466:
9277:
9259:Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2006).
9252:
8915:from the original on 6 June 2022
8870:
8681:from the original on 3 July 2022
8611:from the original on 13 May 2022
8509:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12490.x
7327:from the original on 6 July 2007
7189:Manual of Astronomy: A Text Book
7186:Young, Charles Augustus (1902).
6540:from the original on 10 May 2016
6202:from the original on 13 May 2022
5628:Harrison, Edward Robert (2000).
4403:from the original on 13 May 2022
4285:
4254:
4151:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4115:
4106:
4097:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
3937:
3928:
3922:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3788:in 1852. Pluto (named after the
3585:王星 "sea king star"), and Pluto (
3335:, as can be seen in the English
2676:International Astronomical Union
2674:To acknowledge the problem, the
2616:International Astronomical Union
2285:fall of the Western Roman Empire
1931:, which has been described as a
1803:
1668:All of the Solar System planets
958:, which estimates the number of
799:object generally agreed to be a
479:
470:
364:
352:
280:International Astronomical Union
18650:
18254:Habitable zone for complex life
17692:Ultra-short period planet (USP)
17396:Methods of detecting exoplanets
17068:Gravitationally rounded objects
15336:Von dem neu entdeckten Planeten
14768:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
14742:from the original on 5 May 2023
14558:(PhD). University of Michigan.
13205:Rincon, Paul (16 August 2006).
12467:The Lost Art of Finding Our Way
12425:Springer Science+Business Media
11714:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
11701:Note: select the Etymology tab
11553:from the original on 1 May 2015
11315:(Press release). Archived from
8622:
8582:
8465:
8396:
8359:
8121:
8109:from the original on 2 May 2019
8064:
8007:
7956:
7913:
7833:
7756:
7659:
7606:
7441:"Weather, Weather, Everywhere?"
7439:Harvey, Samantha (1 May 2006).
7392:
7339:
7308:
7286:"Planets – Kuiper Belt Objects"
7278:
7225:
7200:
7192:. Ginn & company. pp.
7117:
7087:
7012:
6787:
6684:
6589:Sanders, R. (4 November 2013).
6552:
6519:
6295:"A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet"
6249:
6171:
6010:"Pre-generated Exoplanet Plots"
6002:
5977:
5961:. 7 August 2017. Archived from
5947:
5883:"The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris"
5668:"Planetary Physical Parameters"
5621:
5568:
5527:
5496:
5445:
5410:
5358:Peale, S. J. (September 1999).
5351:
5300:
5247:
5194:
5157:
3501:. The Persian name for Saturn,
3442:(symbolic of time) for Saturn.
3069:; Mars after their god of war,
2838:
2219:, Greek corresponding to Latin
1584:interior consisting of a dense
1231:points away from its star, the
1190:longitude of the ascending node
851:about twice as large as Jupiter
18435:Discovered exoplanets by year
17340:
14552:Markel, Stephen Allen (1989).
13867:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.485
13207:"Planets plan boosts tally 12"
12750:Lyttleton, Raymond A. (1936).
12729:. The Free Press. p. 57.
12310:. Princeton University Press.
12010:Electronic Journal of Folklore
11891:. Vol. III. p. 1930.
9444:"A look into Vesta's interior"
8723:10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c038
7922:Astrophysics and Space Science
6693:"The Drake Equation Revisited"
6256:Chen, Rick (23 October 2018).
5384:10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.533
5074:"Origin of the Earth and Moon"
4859:"Terrestrial Planet Formation"
4654:
4558:
4525:
3843:Most common planetary symbols
3581:王星 "sky king star"), Neptune (
2620:definition of a planet in the
2492:Neptune was discovered in 1846
1239:, resulting in changes to the
1114:gravitational potential energy
855:just over the size of the Moon
13:
1:
18736:creation of chemical elements
18562:Extrasolar planets in fiction
18209:Extraterrestrial liquid water
14844:"Hebrew names of the planets"
13941:European Southern Observatory
13731:The Planetary Science Journal
11398:NASA Solar System Exploration
11394:"What is a Planet? | Planets"
10845:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8
10013:(Press release). 9 May 2007.
9803:in the Atmosphere of Venus".
8531:Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A.
8261:The Planetary Science Journal
8100:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00043-5
8043:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00042-3
7985:10.1126/science.150.3704.1717
6526:Watson, Traci (10 May 2016).
5728:Marley, Mark (2 April 2019).
5674:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
4661:Inaba, S.; Ikoma, M. (2003).
4329:
3211:Proto-Indo-European mythology
3167:, son of Zeus and god of war;
2853:Even before the discovery of
2678:(IAU) set about creating the
1639:
1403:Astronomical body § Size
1200:
1007:
962:that exist in the Milky Way.
810:
110:, and is not one itself. The
18582:Planets in globular clusters
18199:Circumstellar habitable zone
14414:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002
14258:Altorientalische Forschungen
14200:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
14072:Astronomy & Astrophysics
13520:Villard, Ray (14 May 2010).
12642:. Basic Books. p. 264.
12617:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.08.026
11941:Hermann Hunger, ed. (1992).
11509:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768
11342:Astronomy & Astrophysics
9625:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.027
9407:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.041
9328:Astronomy & Astrophysics
9306:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5
9176:Astronomy & Astrophysics
9119:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.017
9084:10.1016/0019-1035(84)90140-4
9015:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025
8201:Astronomy & Astrophysics
7785:10.1126/science.139.3558.910
7738:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028
7551:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.007
7484:Geophysical Research Letters
7264:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.009
6225:"What worlds are out there?"
5865:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116017
5804:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037
5439:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90103-5
4787:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.004
4734:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.029
4275:famous mathematical constant
3699:, "the bright one"), Earth (
2055:
2031:
1650:extraterrestrial atmospheres
685:One satellite of Earth: the
677:There are at least nineteen
332:
242:With the development of the
215:, this word referred to the
195:
7:
18542:Exoplanet naming convention
17652:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
17163:Outline of the Solar System
16926:Interplanetary medium/space
15339:. Beim Verfaszer. pp.
14502:Online Etymology Dictionary
14343:Zerubavel, Eviatar (1989).
14225:Koch, Ulla Susanne (1995).
14103:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713
13995:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120
13915:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641
13701:10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/185
12398:Scientia/Rivista di Scienza
12194:Kurtik, G. E. (June 1999).
12147:Cooley, Jeffrey L. (2008).
12032:10.7592/fejf2001.16.planets
11372:10.1051/0004-6361/201322432
10899:New Scientist Print Edition
10825:Planetary and Space Science
10070:10.1088/2041-8205/776/2/L25
9778:10.1088/0034-4885/66/10/R04
9349:10.1051/0004-6361/201527083
9286:Planetary and Space Science
9263:. New York: Chelsea House.
9206:10.1051/0004-6361/202038372
8986:Thomas, P. C. (July 2010).
8883:. Oxford University Press.
8566:. NOAA/NGDC. Archived from
8231:10.1051/0004-6361/202245234
8169:"The Once and Future Pluto"
7840:Borgia, Michael P. (2006).
7156:10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/159
6998:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L25
6835:10.1051/0004-6361/200912172
5509:Planetary Science Institute
4978:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/203
4905:University of Arizona Press
4899:; Ward, William R. (2008).
4381:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641
4181:
3790:Greek god of the underworld
3430:
3426:(the god of war) for Mars,
3377:uses a system based on the
1407:Planetary coordinate system
1399:Earth § Size and shape
1254:
945:, 20 of which orbit in the
906:announced the detection of
847:having more than one planet
553:Planets in the Solar System
10:
19016:
18666:Chronology of the universe
17778:Extraterrestrial materials
17412:
16879:Extraterrestrial materials
15525:. The Unicode Consortium.
14048:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57
12464:Huth, John Edward (2013).
12278:10.1177/002182869702800101
11617:. Merriam-Webster OnLine.
11604:Retrieved on 11 July 2022.
11581:
11573:
11227:10.1038/S41586-022-05629-6
11018:10.1038/s41550-021-01372-6
10951:10.1038/s41467-018-02876-y
10662:Advances in Space Research
10631:. Academic Press. p.
10625:"Planetary Magnetospheres"
10500:10.1007/s11214-020-00758-8
9047:. JPL/NASA. Archived from
8439:10.1051/0004-6361:20078952
8409:Astronomy and Astrophysics
8131:Gravity from the Ground Up
7290:The Astrophysics Spectator
6927:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939
6896:Astronomy and Astrophysics
6804:Astronomy and Astrophysics
6772:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17
6505:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L8
5607:10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/14
5503:Chuang, F. (6 June 2012).
5164:Dutkevitch, Diane (1995).
4688:10.1051/0004-6361:20031248
4667:Astronomy and Astrophysics
4640:10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/77
4311:for Mercury. Pluto is not
3835:
3831:
3523:Chinese cultural influence
3355:retain the old Roman word
3174:, the goddess of love; and
3106:, the shiner; followed by
2999:
2842:
2699:
2571:
2365:
2264:
2180:
2113:Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa
2096:
2092:
2047:
2020:
1950:
1939:, and the sub-brown dwarf
1868:
1807:
1653:
1643:
1565:
1513:includes objects up to 60
1454:
1396:
1359:Clearing the neighbourhood
1356:
1258:
1204:
1038:
1028:
986:ultra-short period planets
887:that produced the pulsar.
859:gravitational microlensing
814:
556:
336:
189:
29:
18878:
18832:
18811:
18699:
18658:
18605:Discoveries of exoplanets
18600:
18529:
18318:
18277:
18179:
18091:
17998:
17931:
17808:Interplanetary dust cloud
17704:
17584:
17510:
17436:
17423:
17378:
17346:
17199:Earth sciences portal
17158:
17113:
17050:
16921:Interplanetary dust cloud
16800:
16636:
16566:
16277:
16213:
15906:
15759:
15601:
15225:"Bianchini's planisphere"
15199:Jones, Alexander (1999).
15142:Astronomische Nachrichten
15084:(PDF). 20 December 2021.
15006:– via Google Books.
14938:– via Google Books.
14869:10.1017/S1743921311002432
14471:Oxford English Dictionary
14018:The Astrophysical Journal
13965:The Astrophysical Journal
13428:10.1038/s41550-020-1168-2
13309:10.1017/S1539299600013289
12854:Harrington, Robert Sutton
12553:Oxford English Dictionary
12220:10.1080/10556799908244112
11766:The Copernican Revolution
11684:Oxford English Dictionary
10752:The Astrophysical Journal
10682:10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.061
8826:The Astrophysical Journal
8167:Young, Leslie A. (1997).
7681:Lang, Kenneth R. (2011).
7615:The Astrophysical Journal
7317:"17. Visual binary stars"
7126:The Astrophysical Journal
6968:The Astrophysical Journal
6741:The Astrophysical Journal
6713:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5833:from JWST Spectroscopy".
5736:. The Planetary Society.
5540:The Astrophysical Journal
5203:The Astrophysical Journal
4948:The Astrophysical Journal
4610:The Astrophysical Journal
3984:four corners of the world
3061:goddess of love with the
2645:cleared the neighbourhood
2310:mostly took place in the
2195:appear to have developed
2153:and the superior planets
1865:Secondary characteristics
1730:runaway greenhouse effect
1568:Planetary differentiation
43:The eight planets of the
18310:Open Exoplanet Catalogue
18285:Nearby Habitable Systems
18171:Transit-timing variation
17212:Local Interstellar Cloud
15924:other near-Earth objects
15276:Mattison, Hiram (1872).
14949:Eilers, Wilhelm (1976).
14527:Kambas, Michael (2004).
14498:"Etymology of "terrain""
14328:29 December 2022 at the
14196:"Nergal A. Philological"
14133:, NASA Exoplanet Archive
13670:The Astronomical Journal
12690:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5be2
12669:The Astronomical Journal
11762:Kuhn, Thomas S. (1957).
10181:10.3847/2041-8213/ab59dc
9896:J. Geophys. Res. Planets
9648:The Astronomical Journal
9568:Solar System Exploration
9564:"Neptune: Moons: Triton"
8964:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9
8943:The Astronomical Journal
8128:Schutz, Bernard (2003).
7895:Solar System Exploration
7712:Bills, Bruce G. (2005).
7056:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1123
6421:10.1038/nature.2011.9688
6178:Wolszczan, Alex (2008).
5577:The Astronomical Journal
5474:10.1126/science.11536547
4810:"Giant Planet Formation"
4231:
3960:Annie Scott Dill Maunder
3709:, from the same root as
3170:Phosphoros was ruled by
3134:and the earlier Titans:
2730:, celestial objects are
2687:, provided they are not
1764:(on Earth), planet-wide
1592:that either is or was a
1562:Internal differentiation
1511:exoplanets Encyclopaedia
1490:star. Beyond roughly 13
1425:bulge around the equator
1388:Physical characteristics
1365:cleared its neighborhood
1024:
18995:Observational astronomy
18793:Agricultural Revolution
18587:Small planet radius gap
18290:Exoplanet Data Explorer
18214:Galactic habitable zone
17788:Giant-impact hypothesis
17175:Solar System portal
16901:Giant-impact hypothesis
16508:Trans-Neptunian objects
15047:Schmadel, Lutz (2012).
14667:"Planetary linguistics"
14129:27 January 2015 at the
14095:2011A&A...532A..79S
13859:2000ARA&A..38..485B
13288:Highlights of Astronomy
12558:Oxford University Press
12498:. The Galileo Project.
12494:Van Helden, Al (1995).
12441:10.1888/0333750888/3736
12212:1999A&AT...17..501K
11801:; Olenick, Richard P.;
11597:A Greek–English Lexicon
11547:The Library of Congress
11364:2013A&A...558L...7J
10837:2000P&SS...48..617G
10409:10.1126/science.1133904
10011:Center for Astrophysics
9495:10.1126/science.1159314
9448:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
9340:2015A&A...584A.117N
9298:1995P&SS...43.1517P
9198:2020A&A...641A..80Y
8431:2008A&A...482..691W
8223:2023A&A...669L...3S
7942:10.1023/A:1012221527425
7934:2001Ap&SS.277..293Z
7869:1993ARA&A..31..129L
7423:10.1029/RG004i004p00411
6919:2007A&A...476.1365V
6827:2009A&A...507..487M
6659:10.1073/pnas.1319909110
6595:newscenter.berkeley.edu
5984:Lewis, John S. (2004).
5910:10.1126/science.1139415
5700:Lewis, John S. (2004).
5376:1999ARA&A..37..533P
5135:10.1126/science.aad1815
4861:. In Seager, S. (ed.).
4812:. In Seager, S. (ed.).
4679:2003A&A...410..711I
4579:1980ARA&A..18...77W
4224:Theoretical planetology
3991:Johann Gottfried Köhler
3511:), is a borrowing from
3347:, and the Scandinavian
3156:Phaethon was sacred to
2924:, a heavier isotope of
2736:hydrostatic equilibrium
2638:hydrostatic equilibrium
2584:trans-Neptunian objects
2527:trans-Neptunian objects
2384:With the advent of the
2215:) as one and the same (
2183:Ancient Greek astronomy
2173:in early modern times.
2165:were all identified by
1917:and were torn apart by
1831:electrically conducting
1778:holes in the atmosphere
1772:on Jupiter (called the
1522:Exoplanet Data Explorer
1467:hydrostatic equilibrium
1450:
1281:relative to its orbit.
1020:Dynamic characteristics
452:Poynting–Robertson drag
156:, which posits that an
32:Planet (disambiguation)
18547:Exoplanet phase curves
18385:Terrestrial candidates
18336:Multiplanetary systems
18300:NASA Exoplanet Archive
17983:Mean-motion resonances
17793:Gravitational collapse
17743:Circumstellar envelope
17063:Possible dwarf planets
16906:Gravitational collapse
16844:Circumstellar envelope
15643:
15460:. NASA. Archived from
14897:Encyclopaedia of Islam
14628:(in Chinese (China)).
14270:10.1515/aofo-2019-0014
12793:Whipple, Fred (1964).
12779:10.1093/mnras/97.2.108
12084:10.1098/rsta.1974.0008
11615:"Definition of planet"
10880:10.1006/icar.2000.6400
8675:IAU position statement
8595:Treatise on Geophysics
7599:10.1006/icar.1997.5736
7443:. NASA. Archived from
6018:NASA Exoplanet Archive
4460:. 2001. Archived from
4212:Planetary habitability
3420:('bright') for Venus,
3198:
3149:Phainon was sacred to
2969:
2744:
2723:
2671:
2381:
2280:
2167:Babylonian astronomers
2083:center of the Universe
1991:
1887:
1822:
1665:
1656:Extraterrestrial skies
1577:
1463:electromagnetic forces
1377:definition of a planet
1294:
1220:
1066:
927:Kepler space telescope
916:Kepler space telescope
914:. From then until the
910:, an exoplanet around
830:
827:NASA Exoplanet Archive
615:
80:
19000:Concepts in astronomy
18422:Potentially habitable
18327:Exoplanetary systems
18269:Superhabitable planet
18028:F/Yellow-white dwarfs
17913:Sample-return mission
17813:Interplanetary medium
17272:Laniakea Supercluster
16889:Sample-return mission
15642:
15279:High-School Astronomy
14842:Zucker, Shay (2011).
13885:New Astronomy Reviews
13498:10.1093/mnras/stw1052
12820:10.1073/pnas.52.2.565
12333:"Aryabhata the Elder"
12113:Burnet, John (1950).
11853:Evans, James (1998).
11588:Liddell, Henry George
11262:Astrophysical Journal
10931:Nature Communications
10470:Space Science Reviews
10333:10.1093/mnras/sty1544
9230:"Planetary Interiors"
8765:; Howard, Andrew W.;
8705:The CoRoT Legacy Book
8314:Astrophysical Journal
7466:Planetary Fact Sheets
7402:Reviews of Geophysics
7348:Astrophysical Journal
7323:. Personal web page.
7315:Tatum, J. B. (2007).
6184:Extreme Solar Systems
5672:Solar System Dynamics
5336:10.1093/mnrasl/sls003
4857:Chambers, J. (2011).
4507:The Planetary Society
4351:New Astronomy Reviews
3674:Epiphanius of Salamis
3535:five Chinese elements
3188:
3163:Pyroeis was given to
2974:planetary mass object
2939:
2876:In 1992, astronomers
2843:Further information:
2740:
2709:
2660:. IAU. 24 August 2006
2625:
2572:Further information:
2386:Scientific Revolution
2375:
2306:The astronomy of the
2278:
2233:Scientific Revolution
2177:Greco-Roman astronomy
2134:, written during the
1989:
1951:Further information:
1947:History and etymology
1882:
1819:Earth's magnetosphere
1817:
1737:. Titan has the only
1684:and the dwarf planet
1663:
1575:
1287:
1214:
1194:argument of periapsis
1052:
824:
693:satellites of Jupiter
612:
359:A protoplanetary disk
187:comes from the Greek
42:
18845:Cynthia Stokes Brown
18750:formation of planets
18686:Goldilocks principle
18557:Extragalactic planet
18537:Carl Sagan Institute
17818:Interplanetary space
17733:Circumplanetary disk
17406:Planet-hosting stars
17187:Astronomy portal
17088:Solar System objects
16834:Circumplanetary disk
15491:. 1989. p. 27.
15485:The IAU Style Manual
15365:Gould, B.A. (1850).
14587:Encyclopædia Iranica
13178:(23 February 2021).
12858:Astronomical Journal
12427:. pp. 570–572.
11799:Frautschi, Steven C.
11438:on 21 September 2007
10577:10.1029/2020JE006629
9926:10.1002/2016JE005240
7505:10.1002/2016GL069368
7095:"Extrasolar Planets"
5730:"Not a Heart of Ice"
5256:Astronomical Journal
4464:on 16 September 2006
3826:ferryman of the dead
3764:(the counterpart of
3569:星 "wood star"), and
2996:Mythology and naming
2878:Aleksander Wolszczan
2863:thermonuclear fusion
2792:planetary-mass moons
2680:definition of planet
2640:(nearly round) shape
2574:Definition of planet
2225:Aristarchus of Samos
2211:) and morning star (
2099:Babylonian astronomy
1953:History of astronomy
1345:and its parent star
1322:slowing it down and
904:University of Geneva
870:Aleksander Wolszczan
845:, with 1007 systems
775:satellite of Neptune
749:satellites of Uranus
715:satellites of Saturn
679:planetary-mass moons
346:Artists' impressions
288:planetary scientists
258:Uranus and Neptune;
18819:Big History Project
18812:Web-based education
18659:Themes and subjects
17898:Protoplanetary disk
17878:Planetary migration
17833:Interstellar medium
17612:Circumtriple planet
17607:Circumbinary planet
17286:Observable universe
17083:Solar System models
17013:Protoplanetary disk
16936:Interstellar medium
16896:Frost/Ice/Snow line
15396:1917Obs....40..306H
15349:1784vdne.book.....B
15333:Bode, J.E. (1784).
15263:1934Obs....57..238M
15154:1852AN.....34..325.
14860:2011IAUS..260..301Z
14669:. nineplanets.org.
14406:1999JRASC..93..122F
14040:2011ApJ...727...57S
13987:2013ApJ...770..120B
13907:2022NewAR..9401641L
13816:1995Natur.378..355M
13790:2003IAUS..211..529B
13753:2024PSJ.....5..159M
13693:2015AJ....150..185M
13605:. 28 October 2019.
13603:Society for Science
13420:2020NatAs...4..741R
13300:2002HiA....12..205S
13261:2006IAUC.8747....1G
13150:"The Dwarf Planets"
13070:2006AREPS..34..193B
12913:1996SciAm.274e..46L
12901:Scientific American
12870:1978AJ.....83.1005C
12852:Christy, James W.;
12811:1964PNAS...52..565W
12770:1936MNRAS..97..108L
12681:2017AJ....153..121P
12609:2019Icar..319...21M
12556:(Online ed.).
12496:"Copernican System"
12433:2000eaa..bookE3736.
12270:1997JHA....28....1G
12076:1974RSPTA.276...43S
11807:Goodstein, David L.
11501:2022Icar..37414768M
11284:2005ApJ...635L..93L
11219:2023Natur.614..239M
11145:10.1038/nature24051
11137:2017Natur.550..219O
11065:1996DPS....28.1815M
11010:2021NatAs...5..805A
10943:2018NatCo...9..748T
10872:2000Icar..146..444F
10774:2003ApJ...597.1092S
10674:2004AdSpR..34.1395D
10569:2021JGRE..12606629F
10492:2020SSRv..216..139S
10401:2006Sci...314..623H
10240:10.1038/nature05525
10232:2007Natur.445..511B
10172:2019ApJ...887L..14B
10107:2014Natur.505...31M
10062:2013ApJ...776L..25D
9983:10.1038/nature05782
9975:2007Natur.447..183K
9918:2017JGRE..122..432H
9817:1970Natur.226.1037R
9811:(5250): 1037–1039.
9770:2003RPPh...66.1699B
9670:2005AJ....129..518S
9617:2015Icar..246..268L
9487:2008Sci...321...90Z
9399:2014Icar..237..377M
9149:2014NatGe...7..564A
9111:2005Icar..175..141H
9076:1984Icar...60...83G
9024:on 23 December 2018
9007:2010Icar..208..395T
8955:2022AJ....164..199J
8848:2003ApJ...591L.147K
8795:2011PASP..123..412W
8763:Johnson, John Asher
8634:"The Dwarf Planets"
8560:Smith, Walter H. F.
8500:2007MNRAS.382.1823F
8390:2014arXiv1405.1025S
8337:2006ApJ...639.1238R
8283:2023PSJ.....4..193B
8092:2003Icar..163...24C
8035:2003Icar..163....1C
7977:1965Sci...150.1717L
7827:1984NASCP2330..327B
7777:1963Sci...139..910G
7730:2005Icar..175..233B
7637:2005ApJ...628L.159W
7590:1997Icar..128...88T
7543:2010Icar..205..460C
7496:2016GeoRL..43.6783S
7415:1966RvGSP...4..411G
7370:2002ApJ...566L.125T
7321:Celestial Mechanics
7256:2008Icar..193..475M
7148:2010ApJ...709..159A
7047:2021ApJ...916L..11Z
6990:2015ApJ...810L..25H
6763:2017ApJ...834...17C
6650:2013PNAS..11019273P
6634:(48): 19273–19278.
6497:2013ApJ...767L...8K
6329:10.1038/nature11914
6321:2013Natur.494..452B
6196:2008ASPC..398....3W
6149:1992Natur.355..145W
6103:10.1038/nature10684
6095:2012Natur.481..167C
5902:2007Sci...316.1585B
5857:2024Icar..41416017E
5796:2019Icar..334...30G
5599:2015AJ....149...14W
5552:2005ApJ...622.1102F
5466:1993Sci...259..920K
5431:1987Icar...69..239I
5278:2006AJ....131.1837K
5225:2003ApJ...585L.143M
5182:on 25 November 2007
5176:1995PhDT..........D
5127:2015Sci...350.1815S
5028:10.1038/nature04792
5020:2006Natur.441..192A
4970:2015ApJ...806..203D
4923:2009euro.book...59C
4871:2010exop.book..297C
4832:2010exop.book..319D
4779:2009Icar..199..338L
4726:2014Icar..241..298D
4632:2013ApJ...778...77D
4503:"What Is A Planet?"
4373:2022NewAR..9401641L
4022:
3844:
2833:age of the Universe
2346:. His contemporary
2326:, and later in the
2008:religious cosmology
1937:protoplanetary disc
1788:on the hot Jupiter
1441:reference ellipsoid
1382:circumstellar discs
1279:retrograde rotation
1233:southern hemisphere
1229:northern hemisphere
388:protoplanetary disk
176:, a process called
170:protoplanetary disk
160:collapses out of a
116:terrestrial planets
17863:Nebular hypothesis
17838:Interstellar space
17823:Interstellar cloud
17803:Internal structure
17738:Circumstellar disc
17266:Virgo Supercluster
17247:Milky Way subgroup
17078:Natural satellites
16961:Nebular hypothesis
16941:Interstellar space
16931:Interstellar cloud
16839:Circumstellar disc
16429:Near-Earth objects
16313:names and meanings
15644:
15017:al-Masūdī (1841).
13943:. 22 December 2021
13762:10.3847/PSJ/ad55f3
12972:Hind, John Russell
12948:. 24 August 2006.
12583:Metzger, Philip T.
12308:Ptolemy's Almagest
11471:Metzger, Philip T.
11319:on 11 October 2012
9574:on 10 January 2008
9450:. 6 January 2011.
9261:Jupiter and Saturn
8759:Marcy, Geoffrey W.
8292:10.3847/PSJ/ace52a
7701:on 1 January 2016.
6601:on 7 November 2014
6448:The New York Times
6233:. 25 August 2016.
5965:on 9 November 2019
5505:"FAQ – Atmosphere"
5053:on 14 October 2016
4616:(1): 77 (29 pp.).
4218:Planetary mnemonic
4020:
3842:
3760:and Neptune for a
3396:. The planets are
3325:Germanic languages
3199:
3189:The Greek gods of
3024:Proxima Centauri b
3018:(planets of other
2902:Geneva Observatory
2724:
2689:natural satellites
2565:Defining the term
2500:general relativity
2390:heliocentric model
2382:
2336:Abu Sa'id al-Sijzi
2308:Islamic Golden Age
2281:
2261:Medieval astronomy
2240:Hellenistic period
1992:
1900:natural satellites
1888:
1823:
1792:, the super-Earth
1726:Venus's atmosphere
1666:
1664:Earth's atmosphere
1578:
1499:isotopic abundance
1339:triaxial ellipsoid
1304:stochastic process
1295:
1221:
1067:
943:same size as Earth
831:
801:geophysical planet
785:satellite of Pluto
616:
547:population II star
457:natural satellites
429:regular satellites
425:terrestrial planet
339:Nebular hypothesis
164:to create a young
158:interstellar cloud
154:nebular hypothesis
81:
18990:Planetary science
18897:
18896:
18772:- development of
18764:evolution of life
18726:creation of stars
18618:
18617:
18194:Astrooceanography
17828:Interstellar dust
17700:
17699:
17576:Ultra-hot Neptune
17571:Ultra-hot Jupiter
17520:Eccentric Jupiter
17370:Planetary science
17308:
17307:
17153:
17152:
17149:
17148:
17126:Lagrangian points
17098:by discovery date
16696:Human spaceflight
16667:historical models
16560:
16559:
16179:S/2015 (136472) 1
15551:Photojournal NASA
15464:on 1 October 2006
15210:978-0-87169-233-7
14356:978-0-226-98165-9
14238:978-87-7289-287-0
13810:(6356): 355–359.
13635:Los Angeles Times
13319:978-1-58381-086-6
13147:Brown, Michael E.
12736:978-0-684-83252-4
12564:(Subscription or
12477:978-0-674-07282-4
12450:978-0-333-75088-9
12317:978-0-691-00260-6
12126:978-1-4067-6601-1
11952:978-951-570-130-5
11915:Hammond, N. G. L.
11911:Edwards, I. E. S.
11866:978-0-19-509539-5
11822:978-0-521-71590-4
11781:978-0-674-17103-9
11213:(7947): 239–243.
11121:(7675): 219–223.
11092:978-3-540-00241-3
11079:Thérèse, Encrenaz
10717:"Magnetic planet"
10642:978-0-12-088589-3
10385:(5799): 623–626.
10226:(7127): 511–514.
9959:(7141): 183–186.
9825:10.1038/2261037a0
9764:(10): 1699–1734.
9710:978-0-03-006228-5
9537:978-981-270-501-3
9292:(12): 1517–1522.
9270:978-0-8160-5196-0
9137:Nature Geoscience
9051:on 27 April 2012.
8908:978-0-19-064792-6
8767:Fischer, Debra A.
8732:978-2-7598-1876-1
8630:Brown, Michael E.
8604:978-0-444-53803-1
8558:Sandwell, D. T.;
8368:Planex Newsletter
7771:(3558): 910–911.
7490:(13): 6783–6789.
7447:on 31 August 2006
7218:978-3-540-28208-2
7099:lasp.colorado.edu
6870:. 25 April 2007.
6305:(7438): 452–454.
6143:(6356): 145–147.
6079:(7380): 167–169.
5995:978-0-12-446744-6
5879:Brown, Michael E.
5711:978-0-12-446744-6
5641:978-0-521-66148-5
5460:(5097): 920–926.
5111:(6258): aad1815.
4932:978-0-8165-2844-8
4501:(21 April 2020).
4499:Lakdawalla, Emily
4281:≈3.14159265 ... .
4159:
4158:
4011:the god's trident
3945:
3944:
3800:is named after a
3670:Babylonian Talmud
3553:星 "metal star"),
3545:星 "water star"),
3487:; and Jupiter is
3353:Romance languages
3261:Hellenistic Egypt
3259:but developed in
3193:, after whom the
3020:planetary systems
2945:L4/L5 instability
2728:planetary geology
2538:asteroid families
2486:planetary symbols
1996:classical planets
1929:Cha 110913−773444
1871:Natural satellite
1845:. Jupiter's moon
1735:human exploration
1722:Mars's atmosphere
1672:have substantial
1632:that generates a
1614:metallic hydrogen
1324:atmospheric tides
1075:counter-clockwise
998:chthonian planets
843:planetary systems
563:According to the
543:population I star
531:chemical elements
523:planetary systems
516:escape mechanisms
500:radioactive decay
490:Supernova remnant
323:planetary surface
246:, the meaning of
225:multiple cultures
92:astronomical body
63:(outer planets),
16:(Redirected from
19007:
18962:
18961:
18960:
18950:
18949:
18948:
18938:
18937:
18936:
18926:
18925:
18924:
18914:
18913:
18905:
18700:Eight thresholds
18671:Cosmic evolution
18645:
18638:
18631:
18622:
18621:
18572:Neptunian desert
17958:Tidally detached
17893:Planet formation
17883:Planetary system
17773:Exozodiacal dust
17763:Disrupted planet
17687:Ultra-cool dwarf
17617:Disrupted planet
17602:Chthonian planet
17434:
17433:
17418:
17401:Planetary system
17335:
17328:
17321:
17312:
17311:
17302:
17300:
17291:
17284:
17277:
17270:
17264:
17258:
17252:
17245:
17238:
17231:
17224:
17217:
17210:
17197:
17196:
17195:
17185:
17184:
17183:
17173:
17172:
17171:
16874:Exozodiacal dust
16564:
16563:
16530:Detached objects
15766:
15765:
15762:
15761:
15606:
15588:
15581:
15574:
15565:
15564:
15539:
15538:
15536:
15534:
15514:
15508:
15507:
15505:
15503:
15497:
15490:
15480:
15474:
15473:
15471:
15469:
15454:
15448:
15447:
15445:
15443:
15437:
15426:
15417:
15400:
15399:
15379:
15373:
15372:
15362:
15353:
15352:
15330:
15324:
15323:
15321:
15319:
15313:
15302:
15293:
15284:
15283:
15273:
15267:
15266:
15250:
15241:
15240:
15238:
15236:
15221:
15215:
15214:
15196:
15187:
15186:
15184:
15182:
15163:
15157:
15156:
15137:
15131:
15130:
15128:
15126:
15107:
15101:
15100:
15098:
15096:
15090:
15079:
15071:
15065:
15064:
15044:
15038:
15037:
15029:
15023:
15022:
15014:
15008:
15007:
14985:
14979:
14978:
14976:
14974:
14968:
14957:
14946:
14940:
14939:
14919:
14913:
14912:
14910:
14908:
14899:(2nd ed.).
14888:
14882:
14881:
14871:
14839:
14833:
14832:
14830:
14828:
14806:
14800:
14799:
14763:
14752:
14751:
14749:
14747:
14715:
14709:
14708:
14706:
14704:
14689:
14683:
14682:
14680:
14678:
14663:
14657:
14656:
14654:
14652:
14646:
14623:
14620:
14612:
14603:
14602:
14600:
14598:
14578:
14572:
14571:
14569:
14567:
14549:
14543:
14542:
14524:
14518:
14517:
14515:
14513:
14493:
14487:
14486:
14484:
14482:
14463:
14457:
14456:
14454:
14452:
14441:The Conversation
14432:
14426:
14425:
14399:
14397:astro-ph/0307398
14377:
14368:
14367:
14365:
14363:
14340:
14334:
14318:
14312:
14311:
14309:
14307:
14281:
14249:
14243:
14242:
14222:
14216:
14215:
14213:
14211:
14191:
14185:
14184:
14140:
14134:
14121:
14115:
14114:
14088:
14066:
14060:
14059:
14033:
14013:
14007:
14006:
13980:
13959:
13953:
13952:
13950:
13948:
13933:
13927:
13926:
13900:
13880:
13871:
13870:
13842:
13836:
13835:
13824:10.1038/378355a0
13799:
13793:
13792:
13773:
13767:
13766:
13764:
13746:
13722:
13713:
13712:
13686:
13665:Margot, Jean-Luc
13661:
13652:
13651:
13649:
13647:
13625:
13619:
13618:
13616:
13614:
13589:
13583:
13582:
13580:
13578:
13552:
13546:
13545:
13543:
13541:
13517:
13511:
13510:
13500:
13490:
13481:(2): 1542–1548.
13466:
13460:
13459:
13457:
13455:
13408:Nature Astronomy
13399:
13393:
13392:
13376:
13370:
13363:
13357:
13356:
13354:
13352:
13330:
13324:
13322:
13311:
13283:
13277:
13276:
13274:
13272:
13246:
13237:
13231:
13230:
13228:
13226:
13202:
13196:
13195:
13193:
13191:
13172:
13166:
13165:
13163:
13161:
13143:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13132:
13111:
13105:
13104:
13102:
13100:
13094:
13063:
13061:astro-ph/0608417
13045:
13036:
13023:
13022:
13020:
13018:
13000:
12994:
12993:
12991:
12989:
12968:
12962:
12961:
12959:
12957:
12934:
12925:
12924:
12896:
12890:
12889:
12864:(8): 1005–1008.
12849:
12843:
12842:
12832:
12822:
12790:
12784:
12783:
12781:
12747:
12741:
12740:
12719:
12713:
12712:
12702:
12692:
12660:
12654:
12653:
12635:
12629:
12628:
12602:
12579:
12570:
12569:
12561:
12549:
12542:
12536:
12535:
12526:Dreyer, J. L. E.
12522:
12516:
12515:
12513:
12511:
12491:
12482:
12481:
12461:
12455:
12454:
12412:
12406:
12405:
12393:
12387:
12386:
12361:
12355:
12354:
12352:
12350:
12328:
12322:
12321:
12296:
12290:
12289:
12253:
12244:
12243:
12241:
12239:
12191:
12185:
12184:
12178:
12176:
12144:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12133:
12110:
12104:
12103:
12070:(1257): 43–50 .
12057:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12046:
12040:
12025:
12007:
11998:
11992:
11991:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11938:
11932:
11931:
11899:
11893:
11892:
11884:
11878:
11877:
11875:
11873:
11850:
11835:
11834:
11795:
11786:
11785:
11769:
11759:
11753:
11752:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11709:
11703:
11699:
11697:
11695:
11676:
11667:
11666:
11664:
11662:
11637:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11626:
11611:
11605:
11584:
11583:
11576:
11575:
11569:
11563:
11562:
11560:
11558:
11539:
11533:
11532:
11530:
11528:
11494:
11467:
11448:
11447:
11445:
11443:
11427:
11414:
11413:
11411:
11409:
11390:
11384:
11383:
11357:
11337:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11324:
11303:
11277:
11275:astro-ph/0511807
11253:
11247:
11246:
11196:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11185:
11179:
11156:
11130:
11112:
11103:
11097:
11096:
11083:The Solar System
11075:
11069:
11068:
11048:
11042:
11041:
11039:
11037:
10997:Nature Astronomy
10987:
10981:
10980:
10970:
10925:February 2018).
10921:
10915:
10914:
10912:
10910:
10905:on 10 April 2008
10901:. Archived from
10890:
10884:
10883:
10855:
10849:
10848:
10831:(7–8): 617–636.
10820:
10814:
10813:
10811:
10809:
10767:
10765:astro-ph/0303557
10758:(2): 1092–1096.
10743:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10732:
10723:. Archived from
10712:
10706:
10705:
10703:
10701:
10668:(6): 1395–1403.
10653:
10647:
10646:
10620:
10609:
10608:
10606:
10604:
10562:
10538:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10527:
10485:
10461:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10448:
10428:
10394:
10392:astro-ph/0610491
10374:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10363:
10345:
10335:
10326:(3): 3115–3125.
10311:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10298:
10281:
10279:
10277:
10251:
10217:
10208:
10202:
10201:
10183:
10165:
10141:
10135:
10134:
10088:
10082:
10081:
10055:
10035:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10022:
10002:
9968:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9911:
9891:
9885:
9883:
9881:
9879:
9851:
9845:
9844:
9796:
9790:
9789:
9753:
9747:
9746:
9721:
9715:
9714:
9696:
9690:
9689:
9663:
9661:astro-ph/0410059
9643:
9637:
9636:
9610:
9590:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9579:
9570:. Archived from
9560:
9554:
9553:
9551:
9549:
9521:
9515:
9514:
9470:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9459:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9423:
9384:
9375:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9364:
9358:
9351:
9325:
9316:
9310:
9309:
9281:
9275:
9274:
9256:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9245:
9240:on 8 August 2012
9236:. Archived from
9226:
9217:
9216:
9191:
9170:
9161:
9160:
9157:10.1038/NGEO2189
9132:
9123:
9122:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9059:
9053:
9052:
9040:
9034:
9033:
9031:
9029:
9023:
9017:. Archived from
8992:
8983:
8977:
8976:
8966:
8934:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8892:
8874:
8868:
8867:
8841:
8839:astro-ph/0305536
8832:(2): L147–L150.
8821:
8815:
8814:
8788:
8779:(902): 412–422.
8754:
8745:
8744:
8716:
8700:
8691:
8690:
8688:
8686:
8667:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8626:
8620:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8586:
8580:
8579:
8577:
8575:
8555:
8549:
8548:
8546:
8544:
8528:
8522:
8521:
8511:
8493:
8484:(4): 1823–1828.
8469:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8424:
8400:
8394:
8393:
8383:
8363:
8357:
8356:
8330:
8328:astro-ph/0509401
8321:(2): 1238–1251.
8303:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8276:
8252:
8243:
8242:
8216:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8114:
8108:
8077:
8068:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8051:
8020:
8011:
8005:
8004:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7928:(1/2): 293–300.
7917:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7906:
7891:"Planet Compare"
7887:
7881:
7880:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7814:
7805:
7804:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7697:. Archived from
7678:
7672:
7671:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7630:
7628:astro-ph/0506468
7610:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7536:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7475:
7469:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7436:
7427:
7426:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7363:
7361:astro-ph/0201040
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7296:on 23 March 2021
7282:
7276:
7275:
7249:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7204:
7198:
7197:
7183:
7168:
7167:
7141:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7110:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7058:
7040:
7016:
7010:
7009:
6983:
6960:Hatzes, Artie P.
6956:
6939:
6938:
6912:
6903:(3): 1365–1371.
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6845:. Archived from
6820:
6800:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6774:
6756:
6732:
6719:
6718:
6712:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6671:
6661:
6643:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6597:. Archived from
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6490:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6386:. Archived from
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6314:
6290:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6273:
6264:. Archived from
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6157:10.1038/355145a0
6132:
6123:
6122:
6088:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5934:
5928:. Archived from
5887:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5850:
5829:
5820:
5819:
5818:on 7 April 2019.
5814:. Archived from
5781:
5776:
5772:(229762) 2007 UK
5765:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5725:
5716:
5715:
5697:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5592:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5394:. Archived from
5355:
5349:
5348:
5338:
5328:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5271:
5269:astro-ph/0503568
5262:(3): 1837–1850.
5251:
5245:
5244:
5218:
5216:astro-ph/0302042
5209:(2): L143–L146.
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5178:. Archived from
5161:
5155:
5154:
5120:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5046:. Archived from
5005:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4963:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4916:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4825:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4772:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4719:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4625:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4495:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4424:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4366:
4342:
4324:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4271:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4241:
4200:Lists of planets
4155:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4101:
4095:
4086:
4077:
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4019:
3941:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3841:
3838:Planetary symbol
3748:
3747:
3743:), and Jupiter (
3738:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3704:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3638:Hebrew astronomy
3561:星 "fire star"),
3525:(such as Japan,
3510:
3509:
3496:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3433:
3309:Anglo-Saxon gods
3301:(Thursday), and
3265:days of the week
3205:and, later, the
3039:English language
3006:classical planet
2959:
2958:
2957:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2647:around its orbit
2411:William Herschel
2342:was observed by
2340:transit of Venus
2293:Earth's rotation
2271:Indian astronomy
2144:inferior planets
2068:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2032:planētes asteres
2028:
2027:
1827:magnetic moments
1702:
1701:
1700:
1588:surrounded by a
1439:or specifying a
1421:Earth's rotation
1353:Orbital clearing
1341:. The exoplanet
1299:angular momentum
1293:
1186:descending nodes
1167:plane of the sky
1035:orbital elements
537:greater than 2 (
483:
474:
444:photoevaporation
413:atmospheric drag
368:
356:
311:eccentric orbits
210:
207:
204:
200:
192:
191:
21:
19015:
19014:
19010:
19009:
19008:
19006:
19005:
19004:
18970:
18969:
18968:
18958:
18956:
18946:
18944:
18934:
18932:
18922:
18920:
18908:
18900:
18898:
18893:
18874:
18855:David Christian
18828:
18807:
18695:
18654:
18649:
18619:
18614:
18610:Search projects
18596:
18525:
18314:
18273:
18175:
18147:Radial velocity
18087:
18043:K/Orange dwarfs
18033:G/Yellow dwarfs
17994:
17988:Titius–Bode law
17927:
17858:Molecular cloud
17758:Detached object
17709:
17707:
17696:
17682:Toroidal planet
17672:Sub-brown dwarf
17580:
17506:
17478:(Super-Mercury)
17451:Coreless planet
17427:
17425:
17419:
17410:
17374:
17342:
17339:
17309:
17304:
17298:
17296:
17295:
17289:
17282:
17275:
17268:
17262:
17256:
17250:
17243:
17236:
17229:
17222:
17215:
17208:
17193:
17191:
17181:
17179:
17169:
17167:
17154:
17145:
17109:
17046:
17030:vs. Hill sphere
16956:Molecular cloud
16884:Sample curation
16864:Detached object
16803:
16796:
16640:
16632:
16569:
16556:
16501:Neptune trojans
16284:
16282:
16280:
16273:
16209:
15902:
15773:
15755:
15641:
15604:
15597:
15592:
15547:
15542:
15532:
15530:
15515:
15511:
15501:
15499:
15495:
15488:
15482:
15481:
15477:
15467:
15465:
15456:
15455:
15451:
15441:
15439:
15435:
15424:
15418:
15403:
15384:The Observatory
15380:
15376:
15363:
15356:
15331:
15327:
15317:
15315:
15311:
15300:
15294:
15287:
15274:
15270:
15255:The Observatory
15251:
15244:
15234:
15232:
15223:
15222:
15218:
15211:
15197:
15190:
15180:
15178:
15165:
15164:
15160:
15138:
15134:
15124:
15122:
15109:
15108:
15104:
15094:
15092:
15088:
15077:
15073:
15072:
15068:
15061:
15045:
15041:
15030:
15026:
15015:
15011:
15004:
14986:
14982:
14972:
14970:
14966:
14955:
14947:
14943:
14936:
14928:. Eisenbrauns.
14920:
14916:
14906:
14904:
14889:
14885:
14840:
14836:
14826:
14824:
14807:
14803:
14764:
14755:
14745:
14743:
14716:
14712:
14702:
14700:
14691:
14690:
14686:
14676:
14674:
14665:
14664:
14660:
14650:
14648:
14644:
14621:
14613:
14606:
14596:
14594:
14579:
14575:
14565:
14563:
14550:
14546:
14539:
14525:
14521:
14511:
14509:
14494:
14490:
14480:
14478:
14465:
14464:
14460:
14450:
14448:
14433:
14429:
14378:
14371:
14361:
14359:
14357:
14341:
14337:
14330:Wayback Machine
14319:
14315:
14305:
14303:
14250:
14246:
14239:
14223:
14219:
14209:
14207:
14192:
14188:
14157:10.2307/4200484
14141:
14137:
14131:Wayback Machine
14122:
14118:
14067:
14063:
14014:
14010:
13960:
13956:
13946:
13944:
13935:
13934:
13930:
13881:
13874:
13843:
13839:
13800:
13796:
13774:
13770:
13723:
13716:
13662:
13655:
13645:
13643:
13626:
13622:
13612:
13610:
13591:
13590:
13586:
13576:
13574:
13553:
13549:
13539:
13537:
13530:Discovery, Inc.
13518:
13514:
13467:
13463:
13453:
13451:
13400:
13396:
13377:
13373:
13364:
13360:
13350:
13348:
13331:
13327:
13320:
13284:
13280:
13270:
13268:
13267:on 24 June 2008
13244:
13238:
13234:
13224:
13222:
13203:
13199:
13189:
13187:
13186:on 19 July 2022
13173:
13169:
13159:
13157:
13144:
13140:
13130:
13128:
13113:
13112:
13108:
13098:
13096:
13092:
13043:
13037:
13026:
13016:
13014:
13001:
12997:
12987:
12985:
12969:
12965:
12955:
12953:
12936:
12935:
12928:
12897:
12893:
12850:
12846:
12791:
12787:
12748:
12744:
12737:
12720:
12716:
12661:
12657:
12650:
12636:
12632:
12580:
12573:
12563:
12543:
12539:
12523:
12519:
12509:
12507:
12500:Rice University
12492:
12485:
12478:
12462:
12458:
12451:
12413:
12409:
12394:
12390:
12383:
12362:
12358:
12348:
12346:
12329:
12325:
12318:
12297:
12293:
12254:
12247:
12237:
12235:
12192:
12188:
12174:
12172:
12145:
12141:
12131:
12129:
12127:
12111:
12107:
12058:
12054:
12044:
12042:
12038:
12023:10.1.1.570.6778
12005:
11999:
11995:
11964:
11960:
11953:
11939:
11935:
11929:
11900:
11896:
11885:
11881:
11871:
11869:
11867:
11851:
11838:
11823:
11803:Apostol, Tom M.
11796:
11789:
11782:
11760:
11756:
11745:
11741:
11710:
11706:
11693:
11691:
11678:
11677:
11670:
11660:
11658:
11639:
11638:
11634:
11624:
11622:
11613:
11612:
11608:
11602:Perseus Project
11570:
11566:
11556:
11554:
11541:
11540:
11536:
11526:
11524:
11468:
11451:
11441:
11439:
11428:
11417:
11407:
11405:
11392:
11391:
11387:
11338:
11334:
11322:
11320:
11254:
11250:
11197:
11193:
11183:
11181:
11177:
11110:
11104:
11100:
11093:
11076:
11072:
11049:
11045:
11035:
11033:
10988:
10984:
10922:
10918:
10908:
10906:
10891:
10887:
10856:
10852:
10821:
10817:
10807:
10805:
10744:
10740:
10730:
10728:
10713:
10709:
10699:
10697:
10654:
10650:
10643:
10621:
10612:
10602:
10600:
10539:
10535:
10525:
10523:
10462:
10458:
10446:
10444:
10443:on 13 July 2017
10431:
10375:
10371:
10361:
10359:
10312:
10308:
10296:
10294:
10275:
10273:
10215:
10209:
10205:
10142:
10138:
10115:10.1038/505031a
10101:(7481): 31–32.
10089:
10085:
10036:
10032:
10020:
10018:
10005:
9945:
9941:
9892:
9888:
9877:
9875:
9868:
9852:
9848:
9802:
9797:
9793:
9758:Rep. Prog. Phys
9754:
9750:
9744:
9722:
9718:
9711:
9697:
9693:
9644:
9640:
9591:
9587:
9577:
9575:
9562:
9561:
9557:
9547:
9545:
9538:
9522:
9518:
9481:(5885): 90–92.
9471:
9467:
9457:
9455:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9427:
9425:
9421:
9382:
9376:
9372:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9323:
9317:
9313:
9282:
9278:
9271:
9257:
9253:
9243:
9241:
9228:
9227:
9220:
9171:
9164:
9133:
9126:
9095:
9091:
9060:
9056:
9041:
9037:
9027:
9025:
9021:
8990:
8984:
8980:
8935:
8928:
8918:
8916:
8909:
8875:
8871:
8822:
8818:
8755:
8748:
8733:
8707:. p. 157.
8701:
8694:
8684:
8682:
8669:
8668:
8657:
8647:
8645:
8627:
8623:
8614:
8612:
8605:
8587:
8583:
8573:
8571:
8570:on 15 July 2014
8562:(7 July 2006).
8556:
8552:
8542:
8540:
8529:
8525:
8470:
8466:
8456:
8454:
8401:
8397:
8364:
8360:
8310:
8304:
8300:
8253:
8246:
8196:
8192:
8182:
8180:
8165:
8161:
8151:
8149:
8142:
8126:
8122:
8112:
8110:
8106:
8075:
8069:
8065:
8055:
8053:
8049:
8018:
8012:
8008:
7961:
7957:
7918:
7914:
7904:
7902:
7889:
7888:
7884:
7853:
7849:
7838:
7834:
7815:
7808:
7761:
7757:
7747:
7745:
7710:
7706:
7695:
7679:
7675:
7664:
7660:
7611:
7607:
7570:
7566:
7517:
7513:
7476:
7472:
7464:
7460:
7450:
7448:
7437:
7430:
7397:
7393:
7344:
7340:
7330:
7328:
7313:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7284:
7283:
7279:
7230:
7226:
7219:
7205:
7201:
7184:
7171:
7122:
7118:
7108:
7106:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7017:
7013:
6957:
6942:
6891:
6887:
6877:
6875:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6852:on 21 May 2009.
6849:
6798:
6792:
6788:
6733:
6722:
6706:
6705:
6698:
6696:
6689:
6685:
6618:
6614:
6604:
6602:
6587:
6583:
6573:
6571:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6543:
6541:
6524:
6520:
6471:
6467:
6457:
6455:
6440:
6436:
6407:
6403:
6393:
6391:
6376:
6372:
6362:
6360:
6291:
6284:
6271:
6269:
6268:on 11 July 2022
6254:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6223:
6222:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6176:
6172:
6133:
6126:
6069:
6065:
6055:
6053:
6041:
6037:
6027:
6025:
6008:
6007:
6003:
5996:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5966:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5936:
5935:on 4 March 2016
5932:
5885:
5876:
5872:
5830:
5823:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5766:
5753:
5743:
5741:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5698:
5691:
5681:
5679:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5651:
5649:
5642:
5626:
5622:
5573:
5569:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5501:
5497:
5450:
5446:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5356:
5352:
5305:
5301:
5252:
5248:
5199:
5195:
5185:
5183:
5162:
5158:
5101:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5070:
5066:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5014:(7090): 192–4.
5003:
4997:
4993:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4897:Canup, Robin M.
4894:
4890:
4880:
4878:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4806:
4802:
4753:
4749:
4700:
4696:
4659:
4655:
4606:
4602:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4547:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4496:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4437:
4435:
4426:
4425:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4343:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4301:Sino-Vietnamese
4290:
4286:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4259:
4255:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4184:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4123:
4114:
4105:
4090:
4081:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4045:
4036:
4027:
3936:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3840:
3834:
3713:), and Saturn (
3636:In traditional
3595:Alexander Wylie
3215:common pantheon
3207:Catholic Church
3008:
2998:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2934:
2851:
2841:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:Jean-Luc Margot
2704:
2698:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2624:
2619:
2576:
2570:
2439:(in 1804), and
2370:
2364:
2273:
2265:Main articles:
2263:
2185:
2179:
2131:Enuma anu enlil
2107:, who lived in
2101:
2095:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2042:
2040:wandering stars
2039:
2036:
1984:
1959:
1949:
1926:sub-brown dwarf
1907:planetary rings
1885:rings of Saturn
1877:
1869:Main articles:
1867:
1812:
1806:
1758:weather systems
1708:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1658:
1652:
1644:Main articles:
1642:
1608:and mantles of
1570:
1564:
1530:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1496:
1493:
1484:
1481:
1459:
1453:
1429:oblate spheroid
1409:
1395:
1390:
1361:
1355:
1291:(SVG animation)
1289:
1267:rotation period
1263:
1257:
1209:
1203:
1144:semi-major axis
1083:sidereal period
1047:
1037:
1029:Main articles:
1027:
1022:
1010:
819:
813:
672:detached object
561:
555:
496:
495:
494:
493:
486:
485:
484:
476:
475:
376:
375:
374:
373:
372:
369:
361:
360:
357:
348:
347:
341:
335:
319:habitable zones
309:—and extremely
208:
205:
202:
104:stellar remnant
79:(inner planets)
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
19013:
19003:
19002:
18997:
18992:
18987:
18982:
18967:
18966:
18954:
18942:
18930:
18918:
18895:
18894:
18892:
18891:
18882:
18880:
18876:
18875:
18873:
18872:
18867:
18862:
18857:
18852:
18847:
18842:
18840:Walter Alvarez
18836:
18834:
18833:Notable people
18830:
18829:
18827:
18826:
18821:
18815:
18813:
18809:
18808:
18806:
18805:
18795:
18785:
18784:
18783:
18766:
18752:
18742:
18728:
18718:
18703:
18701:
18697:
18696:
18694:
18693:
18688:
18683:
18678:
18673:
18668:
18662:
18660:
18656:
18655:
18648:
18647:
18640:
18633:
18625:
18616:
18615:
18613:
18612:
18607:
18601:
18598:
18597:
18595:
18594:
18589:
18584:
18579:
18574:
18569:
18564:
18559:
18554:
18549:
18544:
18539:
18533:
18531:
18527:
18526:
18524:
18523:
18522:
18521:
18516:
18511:
18506:
18501:
18496:
18491:
18486:
18481:
18476:
18471:
18466:
18461:
18456:
18451:
18446:
18441:
18432:
18431:
18430:
18429:
18424:
18419:
18414:
18413:
18412:
18407:
18402:
18397:
18387:
18382:
18377:
18372:
18367:
18362:
18357:
18346:
18345:
18344:
18343:
18338:
18333:
18324:
18322:
18316:
18315:
18313:
18312:
18307:
18302:
18297:
18292:
18287:
18281:
18279:
18275:
18274:
18272:
18271:
18266:
18261:
18256:
18251:
18246:
18241:
18236:
18231:
18226:
18221:
18216:
18211:
18206:
18201:
18196:
18191:
18185:
18183:
18177:
18176:
18174:
18173:
18168:
18167:
18166:
18159:Transit method
18156:
18155:
18154:
18144:
18143:
18142:
18132:
18127:
18126:
18125:
18115:
18114:
18113:
18106:Direct imaging
18103:
18097:
18095:
18089:
18088:
18086:
18085:
18080:
18075:
18070:
18065:
18060:
18055:
18050:
18045:
18040:
18035:
18030:
18025:
18020:
18015:
18010:
18004:
18002:
17996:
17995:
17993:
17992:
17991:
17990:
17985:
17980:
17975:
17967:
17962:
17961:
17960:
17950:
17949:
17948:
17937:
17935:
17929:
17928:
17926:
17925:
17923:Star formation
17920:
17918:Scattered disc
17915:
17910:
17905:
17900:
17895:
17890:
17885:
17880:
17875:
17870:
17865:
17860:
17855:
17850:
17845:
17840:
17835:
17830:
17825:
17820:
17815:
17810:
17805:
17800:
17795:
17790:
17785:
17780:
17775:
17770:
17768:Excretion disk
17765:
17760:
17755:
17750:
17745:
17740:
17735:
17730:
17725:
17723:Accretion disk
17720:
17714:
17712:
17702:
17701:
17698:
17697:
17695:
17694:
17689:
17684:
17679:
17674:
17669:
17664:
17659:
17654:
17649:
17644:
17639:
17634:
17632:Eyeball planet
17629:
17624:
17619:
17614:
17609:
17604:
17599:
17594:
17588:
17586:
17582:
17581:
17579:
17578:
17573:
17568:
17563:
17558:
17553:
17548:
17543:
17538:
17533:
17528:
17522:
17516:
17514:
17508:
17507:
17505:
17504:
17499:
17494:
17489:
17484:
17479:
17473:
17468:
17463:
17458:
17453:
17448:
17442:
17440:
17431:
17421:
17420:
17413:
17411:
17409:
17408:
17403:
17398:
17393:
17388:
17382:
17380:
17376:
17375:
17373:
17372:
17367:
17366:
17365:
17364:
17363:
17347:
17344:
17343:
17338:
17337:
17330:
17323:
17315:
17306:
17305:
17202:
17201:
17189:
17177:
17165:
17159:
17156:
17155:
17151:
17150:
17147:
17146:
17144:
17143:
17138:
17133:
17128:
17123:
17117:
17115:
17111:
17110:
17108:
17107:
17102:
17101:
17100:
17095:
17085:
17080:
17075:
17070:
17065:
17060:
17054:
17052:
17048:
17047:
17045:
17044:
17042:Scattered disc
17039:
17034:
17033:
17032:
17022:
17017:
17016:
17015:
17010:
17009:
17008:
16998:
16993:
16988:
16983:
16973:
16968:
16963:
16958:
16953:
16948:
16943:
16938:
16933:
16928:
16923:
16918:
16913:
16908:
16903:
16898:
16893:
16892:
16891:
16886:
16876:
16871:
16866:
16861:
16856:
16851:
16846:
16841:
16836:
16831:
16830:
16829:
16827:Excretion disk
16822:Accretion disk
16819:
16814:
16812:Star formation
16808:
16806:
16798:
16797:
16795:
16794:
16789:
16784:
16779:
16774:
16769:
16764:
16759:
16758:
16757:
16747:
16742:
16737:
16736:
16735:
16725:
16720:
16715:
16714:
16713:
16708:
16703:
16701:space stations
16693:
16692:
16691:
16686:
16676:
16675:
16674:
16669:
16664:
16654:
16648:
16646:
16634:
16633:
16631:
16630:
16625:
16620:
16615:
16610:
16605:
16600:
16595:
16590:
16585:
16580:
16574:
16572:
16561:
16558:
16557:
16555:
16554:
16549:
16548:
16547:
16542:
16540:Scattered disc
16537:
16532:
16527:
16526:
16525:
16520:
16505:
16504:
16503:
16498:
16488:
16487:
16486:
16481:
16476:
16471:
16466:
16461:
16456:
16451:
16446:
16436:
16431:
16426:
16425:
16424:
16419:
16414:
16409:
16408:
16407:
16402:
16392:
16387:
16382:
16372:
16371:
16370:
16365:
16360:
16355:
16350:
16345:
16340:
16335:
16327:
16322:
16321:
16320:
16315:
16305:
16300:
16295:
16289:
16287:
16275:
16274:
16272:
16271:
16266:
16261:
16256:
16251:
16246:
16241:
16231:
16226:
16219:
16217:
16211:
16210:
16208:
16207:
16206:
16205:
16195:
16194:
16193:
16183:
16182:
16181:
16171:
16170:
16169:
16159:
16158:
16157:
16152:
16142:
16141:
16140:
16135:
16130:
16125:
16120:
16110:
16109:
16108:
16098:
16097:
16096:
16091:
16086:
16081:
16071:
16070:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16054:
16049:
16044:
16034:
16033:
16032:
16027:
16022:
16017:
16012:
16007:
16002:
15997:
15992:
15987:
15977:
15976:
15975:
15970:
15965:
15960:
15955:
15945:
15944:
15943:
15938:
15928:
15927:
15926:
15921:
15912:
15910:
15904:
15903:
15901:
15900:
15899:
15898:
15893:
15888:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15868:
15863:
15858:
15848:
15847:
15846:
15845:
15844:
15839:
15829:
15828:
15827:
15822:
15807:
15806:
15805:
15800:
15795:
15790:
15779:
15777:
15760:
15757:
15756:
15754:
15753:
15746:
15739:
15732:
15725:
15718:
15711:
15704:
15697:
15692:
15687:
15682:
15677:
15670:
15665:
15660:
15655:
15650:
15602:
15599:
15598:
15591:
15590:
15583:
15576:
15568:
15562:
15561:
15553:
15546:
15545:External links
15543:
15541:
15540:
15509:
15475:
15449:
15401:
15374:
15354:
15325:
15285:
15268:
15242:
15216:
15209:
15188:
15158:
15132:
15102:
15066:
15060:978-3642297182
15059:
15039:
15024:
15009:
15003:978-3853750094
15002:
14980:
14941:
14935:978-0931464195
14934:
14914:
14883:
14834:
14801:
14780:10.1086/372867
14774:(2): 135–137.
14753:
14710:
14684:
14658:
14604:
14573:
14544:
14538:978-0781810029
14537:
14519:
14488:
14458:
14427:
14369:
14355:
14335:
14313:
14264:(2): 204–213.
14244:
14237:
14217:
14186:
14135:
14116:
14061:
14008:
13954:
13928:
13872:
13853:(1): 485–519.
13837:
13794:
13768:
13714:
13653:
13620:
13584:
13547:
13532:Archived from
13526:Discovery News
13512:
13461:
13414:(8): 741–747.
13394:
13387:) – via
13371:
13358:
13325:
13318:
13278:
13232:
13197:
13167:
13138:
13106:
13024:
12995:
12963:
12926:
12891:
12878:10.1086/112284
12844:
12805:(2): 565–594.
12785:
12764:(2): 108–115.
12742:
12735:
12714:
12655:
12649:978-0738208893
12648:
12630:
12571:
12537:
12517:
12483:
12476:
12456:
12449:
12407:
12388:
12381:
12369:Selin, Helaine
12356:
12323:
12316:
12291:
12245:
12206:(6): 501–513.
12186:
12139:
12125:
12105:
12052:
11993:
11980:10.2307/602955
11958:
11951:
11933:
11928:978-0521227179
11927:
11907:Boardman, John
11894:
11879:
11865:
11836:
11821:
11787:
11780:
11754:
11739:
11726:10.1086/370729
11704:
11668:
11650:dictionary.com
11632:
11606:
11564:
11534:
11449:
11415:
11385:
11332:
11330:
11329:
11292:10.1086/498868
11248:
11191:
11098:
11091:
11070:
11043:
11004:(8): 805–814.
10982:
10916:
10885:
10866:(2): 444–452.
10850:
10815:
10782:10.1086/378583
10738:
10727:on 1 June 2019
10707:
10648:
10641:
10610:
10533:
10456:
10454:
10453:
10369:
10306:
10304:
10303:
10203:
10136:
10083:
10030:
10028:
10027:
9949:Allen, Lori E.
9939:
9902:(3): 432–482.
9886:
9867:978-3319195681
9866:
9846:
9800:
9791:
9748:
9743:978-0123822253
9742:
9716:
9709:
9691:
9678:10.1086/426329
9654:(1): 518–525.
9638:
9585:
9555:
9536:
9516:
9465:
9435:
9370:
9311:
9276:
9269:
9251:
9218:
9162:
9143:(8): 564–568.
9124:
9089:
9054:
9035:
9001:(1): 395–401.
8978:
8926:
8907:
8869:
8856:10.1086/377093
8816:
8803:10.1086/659427
8746:
8731:
8692:
8655:
8621:
8603:
8581:
8550:
8523:
8464:
8415:(2): 691–697.
8395:
8358:
8345:10.1086/499575
8308:
8298:
8244:
8190:
8159:
8141:978-0521455060
8140:
8120:
8063:
8006:
7971:(3704): 1717.
7955:
7912:
7882:
7847:
7832:
7806:
7755:
7724:(1): 233–247.
7704:
7694:978-1139494175
7693:
7673:
7658:
7645:10.1086/432834
7605:
7564:
7527:(2): 460–472.
7511:
7470:
7458:
7428:
7409:(4): 411–439.
7391:
7378:10.1086/339437
7338:
7307:
7277:
7240:(2): 475–484.
7224:
7217:
7199:
7169:
7132:(1): 159–167.
7116:
7086:
7011:
6940:
6885:
6855:
6811:(1): 487–494.
6786:
6720:
6683:
6612:
6581:
6551:
6518:
6465:
6434:
6401:
6390:on 16 May 2020
6370:
6282:
6248:
6213:
6170:
6124:
6063:
6043:Schneider, J.
6035:
6001:
5994:
5976:
5946:
5896:(5831): 1585.
5870:
5821:
5773:
5751:
5717:
5710:
5689:
5659:
5640:
5620:
5567:
5561:10.1086/428383
5526:
5495:
5444:
5425:(2): 239–248.
5409:
5398:on 13 May 2022
5370:(1): 533–602.
5350:
5319:(1): L11–L15.
5299:
5286:10.1086/499807
5246:
5233:10.1086/374406
5193:
5156:
5095:
5064:
4991:
4938:
4931:
4907:. p. 59.
4888:
4849:
4800:
4763:(2): 338–350.
4747:
4694:
4673:(2): 711–723.
4653:
4600:
4557:
4524:
4475:
4445:
4414:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4317:sao Diêm Vương
4313:sao Minh Vương
4284:
4266:
4253:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4157:
4156:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4087:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
3999:Jérôme Lalande
3943:
3942:
3933:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3836:Main article:
3833:
3830:
3351:. Many of the
3329:Proto-Germanic
3307:(Friday), the
3271:. In English,
3269:Roman calendar
3231:(for Hermes),
3223:Roman Republic
3183:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3096:, two ancient
2997:
2994:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2948:
2933:
2930:
2840:
2837:
2697:
2694:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2633:around the Sun
2626:
2613:
2612:
2569:
2563:
2532:In the 1950s,
2422:Galilean moons
2363:
2360:
2332:Ibn al-Haytham
2262:
2259:
2255:circling Earth
2189:ancient Greeks
2178:
2175:
2126:exact sciences
2097:Main article:
2094:
2091:
2071:ancient Greece
2010:, and ancient
1983:
1980:
1948:
1945:
1866:
1863:
1808:Main article:
1805:
1802:
1796:, and others.
1774:Great Red Spot
1718:carbon dioxide
1706:
1703:
1670:except Mercury
1641:
1638:
1634:magnetic field
1586:planetary core
1582:differentiated
1566:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1528:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1503:nuclear fusion
1494:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1457:Planetary mass
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1445:normal gravity
1417:Jupiter radius
1394:
1393:Size and shape
1391:
1389:
1386:
1357:Main article:
1354:
1351:
1316:tidally locked
1269:is known as a
1256:
1253:
1205:Main article:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1178:
1149:
1139:
1118:kinetic energy
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1009:
1006:
956:Drake equation
947:habitable zone
857:. Analysis of
815:Main article:
812:
809:
792:
791:
781:
771:
745:
711:
689:
668:scattered disc
565:IAU definition
557:Main article:
554:
551:
488:
487:
478:
477:
469:
468:
467:
466:
465:
370:
363:
362:
358:
351:
350:
349:
345:
344:
343:
342:
337:Main article:
334:
331:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19012:
19001:
18998:
18996:
18993:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18981:
18978:
18977:
18975:
18965:
18955:
18953:
18943:
18941:
18931:
18929:
18919:
18917:
18912:
18907:
18906:
18903:
18890:(2013 series)
18889:
18888:
18884:
18883:
18881:
18877:
18871:
18870:Graeme Snooks
18868:
18866:
18863:
18861:
18858:
18856:
18853:
18851:
18850:Eric Chaisson
18848:
18846:
18843:
18841:
18838:
18837:
18835:
18831:
18825:
18822:
18820:
18817:
18816:
18814:
18810:
18804:
18800:
18796:
18794:
18790:
18786:
18782:
18779:
18778:
18777:
18776:
18771:
18767:
18765:
18761:
18757:
18753:
18751:
18747:
18743:
18741:
18737:
18733:
18729:
18727:
18723:
18719:
18717:
18713:
18709:
18705:
18704:
18702:
18698:
18692:
18689:
18687:
18684:
18682:
18679:
18677:
18674:
18672:
18669:
18667:
18664:
18663:
18661:
18657:
18653:
18646:
18641:
18639:
18634:
18632:
18627:
18626:
18623:
18611:
18608:
18606:
18603:
18602:
18599:
18593:
18590:
18588:
18585:
18583:
18580:
18578:
18575:
18573:
18570:
18568:
18565:
18563:
18560:
18558:
18555:
18553:
18550:
18548:
18545:
18543:
18540:
18538:
18535:
18534:
18532:
18528:
18520:
18517:
18515:
18512:
18510:
18507:
18505:
18502:
18500:
18497:
18495:
18492:
18490:
18487:
18485:
18482:
18480:
18477:
18475:
18472:
18470:
18467:
18465:
18462:
18460:
18457:
18455:
18452:
18450:
18447:
18445:
18442:
18440:
18437:
18436:
18434:
18433:
18428:
18425:
18423:
18420:
18418:
18415:
18411:
18408:
18406:
18403:
18401:
18398:
18396:
18393:
18392:
18391:
18388:
18386:
18383:
18381:
18378:
18376:
18373:
18371:
18368:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18353:
18352:
18351:
18348:
18347:
18342:
18339:
18337:
18334:
18332:
18329:
18328:
18326:
18325:
18323:
18321:
18317:
18311:
18308:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18298:
18296:
18293:
18291:
18288:
18286:
18283:
18282:
18280:
18276:
18270:
18267:
18265:
18262:
18260:
18257:
18255:
18252:
18250:
18247:
18245:
18242:
18240:
18237:
18235:
18232:
18230:
18227:
18225:
18222:
18220:
18217:
18215:
18212:
18210:
18207:
18205:
18202:
18200:
18197:
18195:
18192:
18190:
18187:
18186:
18184:
18182:
18178:
18172:
18169:
18165:
18162:
18161:
18160:
18157:
18153:
18150:
18149:
18148:
18145:
18141:
18138:
18137:
18136:
18133:
18131:
18128:
18124:
18121:
18120:
18119:
18116:
18112:
18109:
18108:
18107:
18104:
18102:
18099:
18098:
18096:
18094:
18090:
18084:
18083:Yellow giants
18081:
18079:
18076:
18074:
18071:
18069:
18066:
18064:
18061:
18059:
18056:
18054:
18051:
18049:
18046:
18044:
18041:
18039:
18036:
18034:
18031:
18029:
18026:
18024:
18021:
18019:
18016:
18014:
18011:
18009:
18006:
18005:
18003:
18001:
17997:
17989:
17986:
17984:
17981:
17979:
17976:
17974:
17971:
17970:
17968:
17966:
17963:
17959:
17956:
17955:
17954:
17951:
17947:
17944:
17943:
17942:
17939:
17938:
17936:
17934:
17930:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17904:
17901:
17899:
17896:
17894:
17891:
17889:
17886:
17884:
17881:
17879:
17876:
17874:
17871:
17869:
17866:
17864:
17861:
17859:
17856:
17854:
17853:Merging stars
17851:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17821:
17819:
17816:
17814:
17811:
17809:
17806:
17804:
17801:
17799:
17796:
17794:
17791:
17789:
17786:
17784:
17781:
17779:
17776:
17774:
17771:
17769:
17766:
17764:
17761:
17759:
17756:
17754:
17751:
17749:
17746:
17744:
17741:
17739:
17736:
17734:
17731:
17729:
17728:Asteroid belt
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17715:
17713:
17711:
17703:
17693:
17690:
17688:
17685:
17683:
17680:
17678:
17675:
17673:
17670:
17668:
17667:Pulsar planet
17665:
17663:
17660:
17658:
17655:
17653:
17650:
17648:
17645:
17643:
17640:
17638:
17635:
17633:
17630:
17628:
17625:
17623:
17622:Double planet
17620:
17618:
17615:
17613:
17610:
17608:
17605:
17603:
17600:
17598:
17595:
17593:
17590:
17589:
17587:
17583:
17577:
17574:
17572:
17569:
17567:
17564:
17562:
17561:Super-Neptune
17559:
17557:
17556:Super-Jupiter
17554:
17552:
17549:
17547:
17544:
17542:
17539:
17537:
17534:
17532:
17531:Helium planet
17529:
17526:
17523:
17521:
17518:
17517:
17515:
17513:
17509:
17503:
17500:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17483:
17480:
17477:
17474:
17472:
17469:
17467:
17466:Hycean planet
17464:
17462:
17459:
17457:
17456:Desert planet
17454:
17452:
17449:
17447:
17446:Carbon planet
17444:
17443:
17441:
17439:
17435:
17432:
17430:
17422:
17417:
17407:
17404:
17402:
17399:
17397:
17394:
17392:
17389:
17387:
17384:
17383:
17381:
17377:
17371:
17368:
17362:
17359:
17358:
17357:
17354:
17353:
17352:
17349:
17348:
17345:
17336:
17331:
17329:
17324:
17322:
17317:
17316:
17313:
17303:
17294:
17287:
17280:
17273:
17267:
17261:
17255:
17248:
17241:
17234:
17227:
17220:
17213:
17206:
17200:
17190:
17188:
17178:
17176:
17166:
17164:
17161:
17160:
17157:
17142:
17141:Tidal locking
17139:
17137:
17134:
17132:
17129:
17127:
17124:
17122:
17121:Double planet
17119:
17118:
17116:
17112:
17106:
17103:
17099:
17096:
17094:
17091:
17090:
17089:
17086:
17084:
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17073:Minor planets
17071:
17069:
17066:
17064:
17061:
17059:
17056:
17055:
17053:
17049:
17043:
17040:
17038:
17035:
17031:
17028:
17027:
17026:
17023:
17021:
17018:
17014:
17011:
17007:
17006:Merging stars
17004:
17003:
17002:
16999:
16997:
16994:
16992:
16989:
16987:
16984:
16982:
16979:
16978:
16977:
16974:
16972:
16969:
16967:
16964:
16962:
16959:
16957:
16954:
16952:
16949:
16947:
16944:
16942:
16939:
16937:
16934:
16932:
16929:
16927:
16924:
16922:
16919:
16917:
16914:
16912:
16909:
16907:
16904:
16902:
16899:
16897:
16894:
16890:
16887:
16885:
16882:
16881:
16880:
16877:
16875:
16872:
16870:
16867:
16865:
16862:
16860:
16857:
16855:
16852:
16850:
16847:
16845:
16842:
16840:
16837:
16835:
16832:
16828:
16825:
16824:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16813:
16810:
16809:
16807:
16805:
16799:
16793:
16790:
16788:
16785:
16783:
16780:
16778:
16775:
16773:
16770:
16768:
16765:
16763:
16760:
16756:
16753:
16752:
16751:
16748:
16746:
16743:
16741:
16738:
16734:
16731:
16730:
16729:
16726:
16724:
16721:
16719:
16716:
16712:
16709:
16707:
16704:
16702:
16699:
16698:
16697:
16694:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16681:
16680:
16677:
16673:
16670:
16668:
16665:
16663:
16660:
16659:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16649:
16647:
16644:
16639:
16635:
16629:
16626:
16624:
16621:
16619:
16616:
16614:
16611:
16609:
16608:Subsatellites
16606:
16604:
16601:
16599:
16596:
16594:
16591:
16589:
16586:
16584:
16581:
16579:
16576:
16575:
16573:
16571:
16568:Hypothetical
16565:
16562:
16553:
16550:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16531:
16528:
16524:
16521:
16519:
16516:
16515:
16514:
16511:
16510:
16509:
16506:
16502:
16499:
16497:
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16493:
16492:
16489:
16485:
16482:
16480:
16477:
16475:
16472:
16470:
16467:
16465:
16462:
16460:
16457:
16455:
16452:
16450:
16447:
16445:
16442:
16441:
16440:
16437:
16435:
16434:Asteroid belt
16432:
16430:
16427:
16423:
16420:
16418:
16415:
16413:
16410:
16406:
16403:
16401:
16398:
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16364:
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16354:
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16344:
16341:
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16336:
16334:
16331:
16330:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16319:
16316:
16314:
16311:
16310:
16309:
16308:Minor planets
16306:
16304:
16301:
16299:
16296:
16294:
16291:
16290:
16288:
16286:
16276:
16270:
16267:
16265:
16262:
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16257:
16255:
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16245:
16242:
16239:
16235:
16232:
16230:
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16224:
16221:
16220:
16218:
16216:
16212:
16204:
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16189:
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16180:
16177:
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16107:
16104:
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16095:
16092:
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16076:
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16018:
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16008:
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15998:
15996:
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15991:
15988:
15986:
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15969:
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15933:
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15925:
15922:
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15916:
15914:
15913:
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15909:
15905:
15897:
15894:
15892:
15889:
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15872:
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14729:
14725:
14721:
14720:"小行星世界中的古典音乐"
14714:
14698:
14694:
14688:
14672:
14668:
14662:
14643:
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14635:
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14627:
14619:
14615:卞毓麟 (2007).
14611:
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13563:
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13551:
13536:on 5 May 2012
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12728:
12724:
12723:Croswell, Ken
12718:
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12706:
12701:
12700:1721.1/109312
12696:
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12382:0-7923-4066-3
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12304:Toomer, G. J.
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11592:Scott, Robert
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11258:Calvet, Nuria
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9596:
9589:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9559:
9543:
9539:
9533:
9529:
9528:
9520:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9500:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9469:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9439:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9404:
9400:
9396:
9392:
9388:
9381:
9374:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9333:
9329:
9322:
9315:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9295:
9291:
9287:
9280:
9272:
9266:
9262:
9255:
9239:
9235:
9231:
9225:
9223:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9169:
9167:
9158:
9154:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9138:
9131:
9129:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9093:
9085:
9081:
9077:
9073:
9070:(1): 83–114.
9069:
9065:
9058:
9050:
9046:
9039:
9020:
9016:
9012:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8989:
8982:
8974:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8933:
8931:
8914:
8910:
8904:
8900:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8873:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8849:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8820:
8812:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8773:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8753:
8751:
8742:
8738:
8734:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8706:
8699:
8697:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8666:
8664:
8662:
8660:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8625:
8610:
8606:
8600:
8596:
8592:
8585:
8569:
8565:
8561:
8554:
8538:
8534:
8527:
8519:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8468:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8399:
8391:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8362:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8315:
8302:
8293:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8251:
8249:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8194:
8178:
8174:
8170:
8163:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8133:
8132:
8124:
8105:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8074:
8067:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8017:
8010:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7959:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7916:
7900:
7896:
7892:
7886:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7836:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7813:
7811:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7770:
7766:
7759:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7708:
7700:
7696:
7690:
7686:
7685:
7677:
7669:
7662:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7609:
7600:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7568:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7515:
7506:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7462:
7446:
7442:
7435:
7433:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7403:
7395:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7342:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7311:
7295:
7291:
7287:
7281:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7228:
7220:
7214:
7210:
7203:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7120:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7090:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7015:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6889:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6797:
6790:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6738:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6716:
6710:
6694:
6687:
6679:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6616:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6585:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6438:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6413:
6405:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6374:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6289:
6287:
6279:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6252:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6174:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6131:
6129:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6067:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6039:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6005:
5997:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5828:
5826:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5778:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5739:
5735:
5734:planetary.org
5731:
5724:
5722:
5713:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5694:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5624:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5571:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5530:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5354:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5303:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5160:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4573:(1): 77–113.
4572:
4568:
4561:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4276:
4270:
4263:
4257:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4189:Double planet
4187:
4186:
4179:
4177:
4176:Discordianism
4173:
4169:
4165:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3958:According to
3956:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:the god's son
3819:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3414:for Mercury,
3413:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3339:, the German
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3295:(Wednesday),
3294:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3237:(Aphrodite),
3236:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3003:
3002:Weekday names
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:rogue planets
2975:
2965:
2962:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:main-sequence
2903:
2899:
2898:Didier Queloz
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2685:dwarf planets
2681:
2677:
2670:
2656:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:Object is in
2628:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:Gerard Kuiper
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2511:Ray Lyttleton
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:minor planets
2479:
2476:in 1848; and
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2445:asteroid belt
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2378:Emanuel Bowen
2374:
2369:
2368:Heliocentrism
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2119:is a pair of
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2057:
2050:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:dwarf planets
1969:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1810:Magnetosphere
1804:Magnetosphere
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:Gliese 1214 b
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1657:
1651:
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1544:WD 1145+017 b
1541:
1537:
1536:PSR B1257+12A
1532:
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1508:
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1500:
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1369:planetesimals
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1333:and its moon
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983:
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976:
972:
971:mini-Neptunes
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:Sun-like star
928:
925:In 2011, the
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Didier Queloz
897:
893:
892:main-sequence
888:
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669:
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629:
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584:Giant planets
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560:
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535:atomic number
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400:planetesimals
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264:asteroid belt
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233:heliocentrism
230:
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186:
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168:orbited by a
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135:giant planets
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18980:Solar System
18952:Solar System
18885:
18798:
18788:
18775:Homo sapiens
18773:
18769:
18755:
18745:
18731:
18721:
18707:
18427:Proper names
18204:Earth analog
18189:Astrobiology
18181:Habitability
18118:Microlensing
18078:White dwarfs
18048:M/Red dwarfs
18038:Herbig Ae/Be
18023:Brown dwarfs
17965:Rogue planet
17946:Interstellar
17888:Planetesimal
17657:Planetesimal
17637:Giant planet
17627:Ecumenopolis
17525:Mini-Neptune
17461:Dwarf planet
17350:
17297:Each arrow (
17219:Local Bubble
17205:Solar System
17203:
16996:Planetesimal
16975:
16951:Kuiper cliff
16679:Space probes
16652:Colonization
16491:Kirkwood gap
16412:Saturn Moons
16325:Planetesimal
15783:Terrestrials
15769:
15748:
15741:
15734:
15727:
15720:
15713:
15706:
15699:
15672:
15595:Solar System
15556:
15531:. Retrieved
15522:
15512:
15500:. Retrieved
15484:
15478:
15466:. Retrieved
15462:the original
15452:
15440:. Retrieved
15428:
15387:
15383:
15377:
15367:
15335:
15328:
15318:12 September
15316:. Retrieved
15304:
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15042:
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15012:
14993:
14983:
14971:. Retrieved
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14905:. Retrieved
14896:
14886:
14851:
14847:
14837:
14825:. Retrieved
14814:
14804:
14771:
14767:
14744:. Retrieved
14730:(3): 66–75.
14727:
14723:
14718:李竞 (2018).
14713:
14703:21 September
14701:. Retrieved
14687:
14675:. Retrieved
14661:
14651:21 September
14649:. Retrieved
14632:(4): 59–61.
14629:
14625:
14618:""阋神星"的来龙去脉"
14595:. Retrieved
14586:
14576:
14564:. Retrieved
14554:
14547:
14528:
14522:
14510:. Retrieved
14501:
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14461:
14449:. Retrieved
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14360:. Retrieved
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14208:. Retrieved
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13957:
13945:. Retrieved
13931:
13888:
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13846:
13840:
13807:
13803:
13797:
13781:
13778:Brown Dwarfs
13777:
13771:
13734:
13730:
13674:
13668:
13644:. Retrieved
13633:
13623:
13611:. Retrieved
13598:Science News
13596:
13587:
13575:. Retrieved
13560:
13550:
13538:. Retrieved
13534:the original
13525:
13515:
13478:
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13464:
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13407:
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13366:
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13349:. Retrieved
13338:
13328:
13291:
13287:
13281:
13269:. Retrieved
13265:the original
13252:
13249:IAU Circular
13248:
13235:
13223:. Retrieved
13200:
13188:. Retrieved
13184:the original
13170:
13158:. Retrieved
13141:
13131:18 September
13129:. Retrieved
13118:
13109:
13097:. Retrieved
13051:
13047:
13015:. Retrieved
13005:
12998:
12986:. Retrieved
12976:
12966:
12954:. Retrieved
12907:(5): 46–52.
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12900:
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12861:
12857:
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12520:
12508:. Retrieved
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12459:
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12401:
12397:
12391:
12372:
12365:Sarma, K. V.
12359:
12347:. Retrieved
12336:
12326:
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12294:
12261:
12257:
12236:. Retrieved
12203:
12199:
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12173:. Retrieved
12156:
12152:
12142:
12130:. Retrieved
12115:
12108:
12067:
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12055:
12043:. Retrieved
12013:
12009:
11996:
11974:(1): 93–96.
11971:
11967:
11961:
11942:
11936:
11918:
11903:Aaboe, Asger
11897:
11888:
11882:
11870:. Retrieved
11855:
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11700:
11692:. Retrieved
11683:
11659:. Retrieved
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11623:. Retrieved
11609:
11595:
11567:
11555:. Retrieved
11537:
11525:. Retrieved
11482:
11478:
11440:. Retrieved
11436:the original
11406:. Retrieved
11397:
11388:
11345:
11341:
11335:
11323:10 September
11321:. Retrieved
11317:the original
11312:
11265:
11261:
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11204:
11194:
11182:. Retrieved
11118:
11114:
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11082:
11073:
11056:
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11046:
11034:. Retrieved
11001:
10995:
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10919:
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10903:the original
10898:
10888:
10863:
10859:
10853:
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10818:
10806:. Retrieved
10755:
10751:
10741:
10729:. Retrieved
10725:the original
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10661:
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10601:. Retrieved
10550:
10546:
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10524:. Retrieved
10473:
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10441:the original
10436:
10382:
10378:
10372:
10360:. Retrieved
10323:
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10309:
10295:. Retrieved
10276:24 September
10274:. Retrieved
10223:
10219:
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10153:
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10092:
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9572:the original
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9526:
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9468:
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9447:
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9289:
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9238:the original
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9049:the original
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9019:the original
8998:
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8917:. Retrieved
8879:
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8683:. Retrieved
8674:
8646:. Retrieved
8637:
8624:
8613:, retrieved
8594:
8584:
8572:. Retrieved
8568:the original
8553:
8541:. Retrieved
8526:
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8455:. Retrieved
8412:
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8318:
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8307:2003 EL
8301:
8264:
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8204:
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8193:
8181:. Retrieved
8172:
8162:
8150:. Retrieved
8130:
8123:
8111:. Retrieved
8086:(1): 24–45.
8083:
8079:
8066:
8054:. Retrieved
8026:
8022:
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7925:
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7894:
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7746:. Retrieved
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7699:the original
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7608:
7584:(1): 88–94.
7581:
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7329:. Retrieved
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7014:
6971:
6967:
6964:Rauer, Heike
6900:
6894:
6888:
6876:. Retrieved
6867:
6858:
6847:the original
6808:
6802:
6789:
6744:
6740:
6697:. Retrieved
6686:
6631:
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6615:
6603:. Retrieved
6599:the original
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6572:. Retrieved
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6531:
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6456:. Retrieved
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6392:. Retrieved
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6373:
6361:. Retrieved
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6270:. Retrieved
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6228:
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6066:
6054:. Retrieved
6048:
6038:
6026:. Retrieved
6013:
6004:
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5979:
5967:. Retrieved
5963:the original
5958:
5949:
5939:27 September
5937:. Retrieved
5930:the original
5893:
5889:
5873:
5838:
5834:
5816:the original
5787:
5783:
5742:. Retrieved
5733:
5701:
5680:. Retrieved
5671:
5662:
5650:. Retrieved
5630:
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5576:
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5539:
5529:
5517:. Retrieved
5508:
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5400:. Retrieved
5396:the original
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5255:
5249:
5206:
5202:
5196:
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5180:the original
5166:
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5098:
5086:. Retrieved
5077:
5067:
5055:. Retrieved
5048:the original
5011:
5007:
4994:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4900:
4891:
4879:. Retrieved
4862:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4813:
4803:
4760:
4756:
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4707:
4703:
4697:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4548:. Retrieved
4539:Science News
4537:
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4506:
4466:. Retrieved
4462:the original
4457:
4448:
4436:. Retrieved
4405:. Retrieved
4354:
4350:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4307:rather than
4304:
4287:
4269:
4256:
4249:K-type stars
4245:G-type stars
4239:
4160:
3988:
3964:Bianchini's
3963:
3957:
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3806:
3755:
3750:
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3653:
3650:Kokhav Nogah
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3348:
3344:
3343:, the Dutch
3340:
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3332:
3320:
3313:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3250:
3249:(Zeus), and
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3203:Roman Empire
3200:
3195:Solar System
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3033:(other than
3031:Solar System
3028:
3012:Solar System
3009:
2986:
2982:
2970:
2935:
2918:brown dwarfs
2914:
2894:Michel Mayor
2890:PSR B1257+12
2875:
2852:
2808:
2789:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2725:
2673:
2662:. Retrieved
2651:
2622:Solar System
2608:
2604:tenth planet
2577:
2566:
2546:
2543:
2531:
2519:Fred Whipple
2504:
2490:
2455:
2448:
2426:
2419:
2383:
2356:Eratosthenes
2352:trigonometry
2324:North Africa
2316:Central Asia
2305:
2282:
2243:
2237:
2229:heliocentric
2193:Pythagoreans
2186:
2136:Neo-Assyrian
2129:
2102:
2087:common-sense
2000:Solar System
1993:
1960:
1933:rogue planet
1923:
1919:tidal forces
1915:Roche limits
1904:
1889:
1856:
1840:
1824:
1798:
1751:
1743:triple point
1711:
1667:
1624:, and other
1579:
1556:protoplanets
1533:
1475:stellar mass
1471:
1460:
1413:Earth radius
1410:
1375:'s official
1364:
1362:
1343:Tau Boötis b
1328:
1320:tidal forces
1312:hot Jupiters
1296:
1264:
1222:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1134:eccentricity
1132:
1126:
1095:
1086:
1068:
1059:eccentricity
1011:
994:hot Jupiters
979:
967:super-Earths
964:
924:
896:Michel Mayor
889:
867:
832:
793:
676:
617:
576:Terrestrials
573:
569:Earth masses
562:
559:Solar System
520:
497:
461:small bodies
441:
417:giant planet
405:protoplanets
377:
303:hot Jupiters
296:
291:
284:dwarf planet
247:
241:
184:
182:
112:Solar System
87:is a large,
84:
82:
45:Solar System
36:
18940:Outer space
18928:Spaceflight
18887:Big History
18789:Agriculture
18760:abiogenesis
18740:dying stars
18681:Time scales
18652:Big History
18439:before 2000
18355:Discoveries
18130:Polarimetry
18018:Binary star
17908:Rubble pile
17903:Ring system
17873:Outer space
17843:Kuiper belt
17798:Hills cloud
17753:Debris disk
17748:Cosmic dust
17677:Sub-Neptune
17662:Protoplanet
17597:Brown dwarf
17585:Other types
17541:Hot Neptune
17536:Hot Jupiter
17527:(Gas dwarf)
17502:Super-Earth
17487:Ocean world
17482:Lava planet
17476:Iron planet
17438:Terrestrial
17379:Main topics
17260:Local Sheet
17254:Local Group
17037:Rubble pile
17025:Roche limit
17020:Ring system
16971:Outer space
16946:Kuiper belt
16916:Hill sphere
16911:Hills cloud
16859:Debris disk
16854:Cosmic dust
16638:Exploration
16593:Planet Nine
16578:Fifth giant
16552:Hills cloud
16513:Kuiper belt
16484:exceptional
16400:Trojan camp
15523:unicode.org
15468:29 November
15429:unicode.org
15305:unicode.org
14854:: 301–305.
14597:24 February
14390:: 122–133.
14151:: 109–137.
14079:(79): A79.
13947:22 December
13567:Purch Group
13323:See p. 208.
13176:Brown, Mike
13054:: 193–216.
12264:(1): 1–12.
12175:26 November
12159:: 161–172.
11720:(1): 1–38.
11680:"planet, n"
11154:10045/70230
10343:11336/86936
10249:10871/16060
9601:: 268–278.
9578:31 December
9393:: 377–387.
8685:29 November
8113:9 September
8056:9 September
8029:(1): 1–23.
7863:: 129–174.
7621:(2): L159.
7354:(2): L125.
6458:21 December
6394:20 December
5546:(2): 1102.
4954:(1): 29pp.
4710:: 298–312.
4438:30 December
4003:astrologers
3966:planisphere
3810:Shakespeare
3758:Greek deity
3736:اَلْمِرِّيخ
3499:Ahura Mazda
3485:Verethragna
3445:The native
3383:lunar nodes
3317:Old English
3289:(Tuesday),
3257:Mesopotamia
3043:Babylonians
2951:< 2/(25+
2849:Brown dwarf
2809:Astronomer
2643:Object has
2580:Kuiper belt
2435:(in 1802),
2431:(in 1801),
2413:discovered
2312:Middle East
2301:South India
2248:written by
2227:proposed a
2109:Mesopotamia
2105:Babylonians
2016:fixed stars
1875:ring system
1782:HD 189733 b
1770:anticyclone
1766:dust storms
1674:atmospheres
1271:stellar day
1154:inclination
1071:Sun rotates
1063:inclination
1002:COCONUTS-2b
975:Gliese 581c
952:light-years
908:51 Pegasi b
881:PSR 1257+12
664:Kuiper belt
527:metallicity
435:was likely
307:51 Pegasi b
272:Kuiper belt
237:geocentrism
235:supplanted
108:brown dwarf
18974:Categories
18865:Fred Spier
18860:Carl Sagan
18824:ChronoZoom
18803:modern era
18350:Exoplanets
18331:Host stars
18278:Catalogues
18101:Astrometry
18063:Subdwarf B
18000:Host stars
17973:Retrograde
17868:Oort cloud
17706:Formation
17642:Mesoplanet
17566:Super-puff
17492:Mega-Earth
17471:Ice planet
17356:Definition
17341:Exoplanets
17279:Local Hole
17226:Gould Belt
16966:Oort cloud
16802:Formation,
16792:Deep space
16628:Vulcanoids
16545:Oort cloud
16469:first 1000
16405:Greek camp
16303:Meteoroids
16298:Damocloids
16244:Charikloan
15125:9 February
14958:. Munich:
14907:16 January
14512:30 January
14362:7 February
13971:(2): 120.
13898:2203.09520
13891:: 101641.
13744:2407.07590
13737:(7): 159.
13684:1507.06300
13677:(6): 185.
13540:4 November
13488:1603.06224
13351:12 October
13160:26 January
13017:25 October
12988:25 October
12675:(3): 121.
12600:1805.04115
12568:required.)
12547:"asteroid"
12510:28 January
12404:(67): 762.
12132:7 February
12045:6 February
11872:4 February
11694:7 February
11645:Etymology"
11492:2110.15285
11485:: 114768.
11268:(1): L93.
11243:Q116754015
11128:2006.03113
11059:: 77–115.
10937:(1): 748.
10731:29 January
10560:2102.05064
10483:2007.15363
10476:(8): 139.
10297:23 October
10163:1909.04642
10156:(1): L14.
10046:(2): L25.
9909:1702.08611
9189:2007.08059
9105:(1): 141.
8949:(5): 199.
8890:2106.06550
8714:1604.00917
8648:1 February
8274:2307.04848
8214:2211.07987
7331:2 February
7038:2107.02805
7031:(2): L11.
6981:1506.05097
6974:(2): L25.
6754:1603.08614
6605:7 November
5848:2309.15230
5118:1510.07704
4961:1504.04364
4863:Exoplanets
4814:Exoplanets
4364:2203.09520
4357:: 101641.
4330:References
4206:Mesoplanet
4168:Earth mass
4164:solar mass
3751:al-Muštarī
3741:al-Mirrīkh
3599:Li Shanlan
3473:; Mars is
3453:(Persian:
3219:their gods
3121:Phosphoros
3016:exoplanets
3000:See also:
2882:Dale Frail
2855:exoplanets
2839:Exoplanets
2749:planetoids
2700:See also:
2586:, such as
2553:or Mars's
2406:fixed star
2394:Copernicus
2366:See also:
2320:Al-Andalus
2297:elliptical
2283:After the
2213:Phosphoros
2205:Parmenides
2201:Pythagoras
2181:See also:
2045:or simply
1843:solar wind
1836:ionosphere
1762:hurricanes
1754:insolation
1654:See also:
1646:Atmosphere
1640:Atmosphere
1548:Kepler-37b
1520:, and the
1397:See also:
1347:Tau Boötis
1275:north pole
1259:See also:
1217:axial tilt
1207:Axial tilt
1201:Axial tilt
1175:retrograde
1122:trajectory
1102:perihelion
1098:periastron
1039:See also:
1008:Attributes
939:Kepler-20f
935:Kepler-20e
874:Dale Frail
839:exoplanets
811:Exoplanets
596:ice giants
588:gas giants
448:solar wind
409:atmosphere
390:. Through
315:HD 20782 b
313:, such as
299:exoplanets
256:ice giants
133:, and the
18964:Astronomy
18799:Modernity
18781:Stone Age
18716:cosmogony
18691:Modernity
18676:Deep time
18444:2000–2009
18410:1501–2000
18405:1001–1500
18093:Detection
18058:Red giant
17718:Accretion
17710:evolution
17551:Ice giant
17546:Gas giant
17497:Sub-Earth
17386:Exoplanet
17240:Milky Way
17233:Orion Arm
17001:Formation
16986:Migration
16981:Disrupted
16849:Coatlicue
16817:Accretion
16804:evolution
16750:Asteroids
16662:astronomy
16657:Discovery
16518:Cubewanos
16439:Asteroids
16269:Quaoarian
16259:Neptunian
16249:Chironean
16234:Saturnian
16010:Enceladus
15235:20 August
14973:28 August
14878:162671357
14827:5 October
14796:162579411
14583:"Planets"
14566:11 August
14422:118954190
14296:208269607
14288:2196-6761
14181:191393468
14165:0021-0889
14086:1106.0586
14056:118513110
14031:1008.5150
14024:(1): 57.
14003:118553341
13978:1305.0980
13923:247065421
13613:28 August
13577:28 August
13562:Space.com
13507:0035-8711
13444:211137608
13436:2397-3366
13340:Astronomy
13225:23 August
13190:11 August
13086:119338327
12956:23 August
12886:120501620
12709:125439949
12625:119206487
12593:: 21–32.
12286:118875902
12228:1055-6796
12165:1971-8608
12100:121539390
12018:CiteSeerX
11831:227002144
11734:162347339
11517:240071005
11380:118456052
11355:1310.1936
11348:(7): L7.
11235:1476-4687
11184:6 October
11171:205260767
11026:236220377
10959:2041-1723
10909:23 August
10790:0004-637X
10721:Astronomy
10593:231861632
10585:2169-9097
10516:220870881
10508:0038-6308
10447:16 August
10352:0035-8711
10198:209324670
10190:2041-8205
10053:1309.7894
9966:0705.0993
9934:119482985
9786:250815558
9633:119194193
9608:1403.3208
9511:206513512
9244:23 August
9214:220546126
8973:252992162
8786:1012.5676
8741:118434022
8491:0706.1684
8422:0802.2732
8381:1405.1025
8267:(10): 6.
8239:253522934
7559:119194526
7534:0912.3626
7451:23 August
7300:23 August
7247:0708.0335
7139:0908.1553
7081:236464073
7073:2041-8205
7006:119111221
6910:0705.3758
6818:0906.2780
6781:119114880
6747:(1): 17.
6709:cite news
6699:23 August
6641:1311.6806
6533:USA Today
6513:119103101
6488:1303.2649
6481:(1): L8.
6429:122575277
6353:205232792
6337:0028-0836
6312:1305.5587
6086:1202.0903
5812:126574999
5615:118415186
5590:1310.7830
5583:(1): 14.
5392:0066-4146
5345:1745-3925
5326:1211.0023
5186:23 August
4986:119216797
4914:0812.4995
4823:1006.5486
4770:0810.5186
4742:118572605
4717:1405.7305
4648:118522228
4623:1310.2211
4595:0066-4146
4468:23 August
4397:247065421
4389:1387-6473
4309:Thuỷ tinh
4131:Gonggong
4122:Makemake
3949:monograms
3762:Roman one
3733:), Mars (
3697:az-Zuhara
3678:Canaanite
3662:Shabbatai
3565:(Jupiter
3541:(Mercury
3431:Bṛhaspati
3379:Navagraha
3228:Mercurius
3172:Aphrodite
3132:Olympians
3055:antiquity
3037:) in the
2989:red dwarf
2922:deuterium
2910:51 Pegasi
2871:gas-cloud
2867:deuterium
2472:in 1847;
2460:in 1845;
2450:asteroids
2348:Al-Biruni
2289:Aryabhata
2217:Aphrodite
2171:telescope
2121:cuneiform
2064:wanderers
2012:astronomy
2004:mythology
1994:The five
1964:asteroids
1892:resonance
1859:HD 179949
1821:(diagram)
1790:Kepler-7b
1630:geodynamo
1610:silicates
1524:up to 24
1507:deuterium
1488:red dwarf
1182:ascending
1163:sky plane
990:Kepler-11
912:51 Pegasi
885:supernova
863:Milky Way
841:in 4,949
835:exoplanet
817:Exoplanet
723:Enceladus
421:ice giant
392:accretion
384:protostar
333:Formation
244:telescope
213:antiquity
206:wanderers
183:The word
178:accretion
166:protostar
98:around a
18732:Elements
18712:Big Bang
18708:Creation
18400:501–1000
18380:Heaviest
18360:Extremes
18068:Subgiant
17941:Exocomet
17293:Universe
17131:Moonlets
16711:programs
16684:timeline
16672:timeline
16603:Planet X
16598:Planet V
16535:Sednoids
16523:Plutinos
16496:Centaurs
16474:families
16203:Dysnomia
16191:Xiangliu
16186:Gonggong
16174:Makemake
16133:Kerberos
16020:Hyperion
15958:Callisto
15953:Ganymede
15886:Gonggong
15881:Makemake
15736:Gonggong
15729:Makemake
15533:6 August
15527:Archived
15502:8 August
15493:Archived
15442:8 August
15433:Archived
15309:Archived
15229:Archived
15175:Archived
15119:Archived
15086:Archived
14964:Archived
14901:Archived
14893:"Zuhara"
14821:Archived
14740:Archived
14697:Archived
14671:Archived
14642:Archived
14591:Archived
14560:Archived
14506:Archived
14475:Archived
14445:Archived
14326:Archived
14300:Archived
14204:Archived
14127:Archived
14111:55994657
13709:51684830
13640:Archived
13607:Archived
13571:Archived
13448:Archived
13345:Archived
13219:Archived
13211:BBC News
13154:Archived
13125:Archived
13099:4 August
13090:Archived
13011:Archived
12982:Archived
12974:(1863).
12950:Archived
12942:BBC News
12839:16591209
12725:(1997).
12528:(1912).
12504:Archived
12343:Archived
12306:(1998).
12232:Archived
12169:Archived
12036:Archived
12016:: 7–35.
11809:(2007).
11688:Archived
11686:. 2007.
11655:Archived
11619:Archived
11582:πλανήτης
11551:Archived
11527:8 August
11521:Archived
11402:Archived
11300:11685964
11239:Wikidata
11175:Archived
11163:29022593
11081:(2004).
11030:Archived
10977:29487311
10802:Archived
10798:15829056
10694:Archived
10690:15881781
10597:Archived
10520:Archived
10425:20549014
10417:17038587
10356:Archived
10291:Archived
10270:Archived
10258:17268463
10123:24380949
10015:Archived
9991:17495920
9872:Archived
9833:16057644
9686:18688556
9548:25 March
9542:Archived
9503:18599777
9452:Archived
9428:6 August
9419:Archived
9415:46172826
9354:Archived
9334:: A117.
8913:Archived
8864:18649212
8811:51769219
8679:Archived
8642:Archived
8632:(2006).
8609:archived
8574:21 April
8537:Archived
8518:16610947
8457:6 August
8451:Archived
8447:56317105
8374:(2): 8.
8353:11484750
8183:26 March
8177:Archived
8152:24 April
8146:Archived
8104:Archived
8047:Archived
8001:45608770
7993:17768871
7950:16842429
7899:Archived
7897:. NASA.
7801:21133097
7793:17743054
7742:Archived
7386:11519263
7325:Archived
7272:16457143
7164:53628741
7103:Archived
6935:14475537
6878:25 April
6872:Archived
6868:BBC News
6678:24191033
6568:Archived
6538:Archived
6452:Archived
6357:Archived
6345:23426260
6235:Archived
6200:Archived
6111:22237108
6022:Archived
5926:21468196
5918:17569855
5738:Archived
5676:Archived
5646:Archived
5513:Archived
5490:21134564
5482:11536547
5294:15261426
5241:16301955
5143:26472913
5082:Archived
5036:16688170
4875:Archived
4836:Archived
4795:18964068
4544:Archived
4511:Archived
4432:Archived
4401:Archived
4305:sao Thuỷ
4182:See also
3995:platinum
3971:caduceus
3953:caduceus
3935:Neptune
3902:Jupiter
3857:Mercury
3794:plutinos
3786:Massalia
3766:Poseidon
3726:عُطَارِد
3573:(Saturn
3516:kajamānu
3513:Akkadian
3408:'Moon',
3273:Saturday
3252:Saturnus
3246:Iuppiter
3243:(Ares),
3109:Phaethon
3063:Akkadian
3059:Sumerian
2926:hydrogen
2777:Gonggong
2773:Makemake
2720:Dysnomia
2652:Source:
2551:Hyperion
2388:and the
2344:Avicenna
2328:Far East
2245:Almagest
2209:Hesperos
2117:MUL.APIN
2056:planētai
2049:πλανῆται
2022:πλάνητες
1911:moonlets
1847:Ganymede
1760:such as
1739:nitrogen
1437:spheroid
1255:Rotation
1245:solstice
1215:Earth's
1171:equators
1159:ecliptic
1110:aphelion
1106:apastron
1079:WASP-17b
950:12
853:down to
709:Callisto
705:Ganymede
648:Gonggong
644:Makemake
592:hydrogen
533:with an
437:captured
229:folklore
197:planḗtai
190:πλανήται
18985:Planets
18902:Portals
18879:Related
18746:Planets
18738:inside
18375:Largest
18370:Nearest
18073:T Tauri
17969:Orbits
17953:Exomoon
17933:Systems
17647:Planemo
17512:Gaseous
17114:Related
17093:by size
16782:Neptune
16767:Jupiter
16718:Mercury
16643:outline
16588:Phaeton
16583:Nemesis
16570:objects
16422:Neptune
16395:Jupiter
16375:Trojans
16368:Neptune
16353:Jupiter
16333:Mercury
16264:Haumean
16254:Uranian
16236: (
16150:Hiʻiaka
16084:Proteus
16074:Neptune
16062:Miranda
16052:Umbriel
16042:Titania
16030:all 146
15995:Iapetus
15948:Jupiter
15842:Neptune
15820:Jupiter
15788:Mercury
15770:Planets
15695:Neptune
15680:Jupiter
15653:Mercury
15392:Bibcode
15390:: 306.
15345:Bibcode
15259:Bibcode
15181:27 June
15150:Bibcode
15148:: 325.
14856:Bibcode
14816:Haaretz
14724:中国科技术语
14677:8 April
14626:中国科技术语
14467:"earth"
14402:Bibcode
14306:12 July
14210:12 July
14173:4200484
14091:Bibcode
14036:Bibcode
13983:Bibcode
13903:Bibcode
13855:Bibcode
13832:4339201
13812:Bibcode
13786:Bibcode
13784:: 529,
13749:Bibcode
13689:Bibcode
13646:24 July
13454:27 June
13416:Bibcode
13389:Twitter
13296:Bibcode
13257:Bibcode
13066:Bibcode
12909:Bibcode
12866:Bibcode
12807:Bibcode
12766:Bibcode
12677:Bibcode
12605:Bibcode
12429:Bibcode
12371:(ed.).
12349:10 July
12300:Ptolemy
12266:Bibcode
12238:13 July
12208:Bibcode
12072:Bibcode
11661:29 June
11625:23 July
11600:at the
11497:Bibcode
11442:8 April
11360:Bibcode
11280:Bibcode
11215:Bibcode
11133:Bibcode
11061:Bibcode
11006:Bibcode
10968:5829080
10939:Bibcode
10868:Bibcode
10833:Bibcode
10808:10 July
10770:Bibcode
10700:13 July
10670:Bibcode
10603:10 July
10565:Bibcode
10526:10 July
10488:Bibcode
10397:Bibcode
10379:Science
10362:10 July
10266:4391861
10228:Bibcode
10168:Bibcode
10131:4408861
10103:Bibcode
10058:Bibcode
10021:10 July
9999:4402268
9971:Bibcode
9914:Bibcode
9841:4201521
9813:Bibcode
9766:Bibcode
9666:Bibcode
9613:Bibcode
9483:Bibcode
9475:Science
9395:Bibcode
9363:10 July
9336:Bibcode
9294:Bibcode
9194:Bibcode
9182:: A80,
9145:Bibcode
9107:Bibcode
9072:Bibcode
9003:Bibcode
8951:Bibcode
8919:12 July
8844:Bibcode
8791:Bibcode
8543:7 March
8496:Bibcode
8427:Bibcode
8386:Bibcode
8333:Bibcode
8279:Bibcode
8219:Bibcode
8088:Bibcode
8031:Bibcode
7973:Bibcode
7965:Science
7930:Bibcode
7905:12 July
7865:Bibcode
7823:Bibcode
7773:Bibcode
7765:Science
7748:6 April
7726:Bibcode
7653:7051928
7633:Bibcode
7586:Bibcode
7539:Bibcode
7492:Bibcode
7411:Bibcode
7366:Bibcode
7252:Bibcode
7144:Bibcode
7043:Bibcode
6986:Bibcode
6915:Bibcode
6843:2983930
6823:Bibcode
6759:Bibcode
6669:3845182
6646:Bibcode
6574:12 July
6493:Bibcode
6363:11 July
6317:Bibcode
6272:11 July
6192:Bibcode
6165:4260368
6145:Bibcode
6119:2614136
6091:Bibcode
6056:24 July
6028:24 June
5898:Bibcode
5890:Science
5853:Bibcode
5792:Bibcode
5682:11 July
5595:Bibcode
5548:Bibcode
5462:Bibcode
5454:Science
5427:Bibcode
5372:Bibcode
5274:Bibcode
5221:Bibcode
5172:Bibcode
5151:1220226
5123:Bibcode
5105:Science
5088:7 April
5044:4420518
5016:Bibcode
4966:Bibcode
4919:Bibcode
4867:Bibcode
4828:Bibcode
4775:Bibcode
4722:Bibcode
4675:Bibcode
4628:Bibcode
4575:Bibcode
4550:10 July
4517:3 April
4369:Bibcode
4303:, e.g.
4297:calques
4172:Unicode
4113:Quaoar
4104:Haumea
4071:Hygiea
4062:Pallas
3979:circlet
3920:Uranus
3911:Saturn
3832:Symbols
3818:Miranda
3746:المشتري
3731:ʿUṭārid
3707:al-ʾArḍ
3658:Ma'adim
3646:Levanah
3591:calques
3549:(Venus
3531:Vietnam
3471:Anahita
3447:Persian
3423:Mangala
3405:Chandra
3402:'Sun',
3267:in the
3191:Olympus
3144:Artemis
3127:Stilbon
3115:Pyroeis
3103:Phainon
3098:Titanic
2954:√
2949:central
2900:of the
2804:Proteus
2712:Proteus
2664:23 June
2515:Neptune
2458:Astraea
2398:Galileo
2250:Ptolemy
2159:Jupiter
2151:Mercury
2093:Babylon
2079:Babylon
2025:ἀστέρες
1998:of the
1776:), and
1747:methane
1622:methane
1618:ammonia
1241:climate
1237:seasons
1148:centre.
1091:gravity
902:of the
805:Salacia
765:Titania
761:Umbriel
753:Miranda
743:Iapetus
604:ammonia
600:methane
423:, or a
286:. Many
174:gravity
150:Neptune
138:Jupiter
119:Mercury
89:rounded
77:Mercury
61:Neptune
53:Jupiter
18:Planets
18770:Humans
18390:Kepler
18365:Firsts
18264:Tholin
18135:Timing
18053:Pulsar
17978:Trojan
17592:Blanet
17351:Planet
17288:
17281:
17274:
17249:
17242:
17235:
17228:
17221:
17214:
17207:
17136:Syzygy
17058:Comets
16991:System
16976:Planet
16869:EXCEDE
16777:Uranus
16772:Saturn
16762:Comets
16755:mining
16733:mining
16623:Vulcan
16464:active
16459:Hygiea
16454:Pallas
16417:Uranus
16363:Uranus
16358:Saturn
16293:Comets
16285:bodies
16283:System
16229:Jovian
16167:Weywot
16162:Quaoar
16155:Namaka
16145:Haumea
16118:Charon
16094:all 16
16089:Nereid
16079:Triton
16067:all 28
16047:Oberon
16037:Uranus
16025:Phoebe
16005:Tethys
15980:Saturn
15973:all 95
15968:Europa
15941:Deimos
15936:Phobos
15915:Earth
15876:Quaoar
15871:Haumea
15851:Dwarfs
15837:Uranus
15825:Saturn
15810:Giants
15775:dwarfs
15722:Quaoar
15715:Haumea
15690:Uranus
15685:Saturn
15207:
15057:
15000:
14932:
14876:
14794:
14788:545038
14786:
14535:
14451:13 May
14420:
14353:
14294:
14286:
14235:
14179:
14171:
14163:
14109:
14054:
14001:
13921:
13830:
13804:Nature
13707:
13505:
13442:
13434:
13316:
13271:5 July
13084:
12884:
12837:
12830:300311
12827:
12733:
12707:
12646:
12623:
12587:Icarus
12474:
12447:
12379:
12314:
12284:
12226:
12163:
12153:KASKAL
12123:
12098:
12090:
12020:
11988:602955
11986:
11949:
11925:
11863:
11829:
11819:
11778:
11732:
11643:Planet
11574:πλάνης
11557:19 May
11515:
11479:Icarus
11378:
11298:
11241:
11233:
11206:Nature
11169:
11161:
11115:Nature
11089:
11036:7 July
11024:
10975:
10965:
10957:
10860:Icarus
10796:
10788:
10688:
10639:
10591:
10583:
10514:
10506:
10423:
10415:
10350:
10264:
10256:
10220:Nature
10196:
10188:
10129:
10121:
10094:Nature
10078:701011
10076:
9997:
9989:
9953:Nature
9932:
9864:
9839:
9831:
9805:Nature
9784:
9740:
9707:
9684:
9631:
9595:Icarus
9534:
9509:
9501:
9413:
9387:Icarus
9267:
9212:
9099:Icarus
9064:Icarus
8995:Icarus
8971:
8905:
8862:
8809:
8739:
8729:
8615:13 May
8601:
8516:
8445:
8351:
8295:. 193.
8237:
8207:: L3.
8138:
8080:Icarus
8023:Icarus
7999:
7991:
7948:
7799:
7791:
7718:Icarus
7691:
7651:
7578:Icarus
7557:
7521:Icarus
7468:, NASA
7384:
7270:
7234:Icarus
7215:
7162:
7109:13 May
7079:
7071:
7004:
6933:
6841:
6779:
6676:
6666:
6544:10 May
6511:
6427:
6412:Nature
6351:
6343:
6335:
6299:Nature
6241:5 June
6206:13 May
6190:: 3+.
6163:
6137:Nature
6117:
6109:
6073:Nature
5992:
5924:
5916:
5835:Icarus
5810:
5790:: 30.
5784:Icarus
5708:
5652:13 May
5638:
5613:
5519:13 May
5488:
5480:
5419:Icarus
5402:13 May
5390:
5343:
5292:
5239:
5149:
5141:
5042:
5034:
5008:Nature
4984:
4929:
4793:
4757:Icarus
4740:
4704:Icarus
4646:
4593:
4407:13 May
4395:
4387:
4323:star".
4293:Hangul
4149:Sedna
4089:Pluto
4080:Orcus
4053:Ceres
4035:Vesta
4026:Earth
4015:bident
3875:Earth
3866:Venus
3802:Tongva
3798:Quaoar
3782:Athena
3776:, and
3692:الزهرة
3666:Tzedeq
3654:Kokhav
3642:Ḥammah
3557:(Mars
3529:, and
3503:Keyvān
3497:) for
3489:Hormoz
3483:) for
3475:Bahrām
3469:) for
3417:Shukra
3281:Monday
3279:, and
3277:Sunday
3179:Hermes
3151:Cronus
3140:Apollo
3093:Selene
3087:Helios
3079:Marduk
3071:Nergal
3067:Ishtar
3051:Romans
3049:, and
3047:Greeks
2908:star (
2886:pulsar
2847:, and
2796:Charon
2783:, and
2769:Quaoar
2765:Haumea
2716:Nereid
2600:Haumea
2598:, and
2588:Quaoar
2567:planet
2559:Deimos
2555:Phobos
2523:Charon
2517:, and
2478:Hygiea
2468:, and
2433:Pallas
2415:Uranus
2402:Kepler
2400:, and
2322:, and
2163:Saturn
2161:, and
2128:. The
1970:, and
1941:OTS 44
1896:Europa
1786:clouds
1714:oxygen
1682:Triton
1606:nickel
1598:crusts
1590:mantle
1552:Phoebe
1540:pulsar
1405:, and
1188:. The
878:pulsar
796:Tethys
789:Charon
779:Triton
769:Oberon
767:, and
741:, and
727:Tethys
713:Seven
707:, and
701:Europa
654:, and
640:Quaoar
636:Haumea
620:bodies
614:orbit.
602:, and
539:helium
512:comets
508:mantle
446:, the
433:Triton
380:nebula
292:planet
266:; and
248:planet
185:planet
162:nebula
148:, and
146:Uranus
142:Saturn
129:, and
85:planet
75:, and
57:Uranus
49:Saturn
18916:Stars
18722:Stars
18530:Other
18395:1–500
18320:Lists
17429:types
17424:Sizes
17051:Lists
16787:Pluto
16745:Ceres
16723:Venus
16618:Tyche
16613:Theia
16449:Vesta
16444:Ceres
16385:Earth
16380:Venus
16343:Earth
16338:Venus
16318:moons
16281:Solar
16279:Small
16238:Rhean
16223:Earth
16215:Rings
16128:Hydra
16113:Pluto
16106:Vanth
16101:Orcus
16057:Ariel
16015:Mimas
16000:Dione
15985:Titan
15908:Moons
15896:Sedna
15866:Pluto
15861:Orcus
15856:Ceres
15798:Earth
15793:Venus
15750:Sedna
15708:Pluto
15701:Orcus
15674:Ceres
15663:Earth
15658:Venus
15496:(PDF)
15489:(PDF)
15436:(PDF)
15425:(PDF)
15343:–96.
15312:(PDF)
15301:(PDF)
15095:1 May
15089:(PDF)
15078:(PDF)
14967:(PDF)
14956:(PDF)
14874:S2CID
14792:S2CID
14784:JSTOR
14746:5 May
14645:(PDF)
14622:(PDF)
14481:7 May
14418:S2CID
14392:arXiv
14292:S2CID
14177:S2CID
14169:JSTOR
14107:S2CID
14081:arXiv
14052:S2CID
14026:arXiv
13999:S2CID
13973:arXiv
13919:S2CID
13893:arXiv
13828:S2CID
13739:arXiv
13705:S2CID
13679:arXiv
13483:arXiv
13440:S2CID
13385:Tweet
13245:(PDF)
13093:(PDF)
13082:S2CID
13056:arXiv
13044:(PDF)
12882:S2CID
12705:S2CID
12621:S2CID
12595:arXiv
12562:
12282:S2CID
12096:S2CID
12092:74273
12088:JSTOR
12039:(PDF)
12006:(PDF)
11984:JSTOR
11730:S2CID
11513:S2CID
11487:arXiv
11408:2 May
11376:S2CID
11350:arXiv
11296:S2CID
11270:arXiv
11178:(PDF)
11167:S2CID
11123:arXiv
11111:(PDF)
11022:S2CID
10794:S2CID
10760:arXiv
10589:S2CID
10555:arXiv
10553:(3).
10512:S2CID
10478:arXiv
10421:S2CID
10387:arXiv
10262:S2CID
10216:(PDF)
10194:S2CID
10158:arXiv
10127:S2CID
10074:S2CID
10048:arXiv
9995:S2CID
9961:arXiv
9930:S2CID
9904:arXiv
9878:4 May
9837:S2CID
9782:S2CID
9682:S2CID
9656:arXiv
9629:S2CID
9603:arXiv
9507:S2CID
9458:7 May
9422:(PDF)
9411:S2CID
9383:(PDF)
9357:(PDF)
9324:(PDF)
9210:S2CID
9184:arXiv
9028:7 May
9022:(PDF)
8991:(PDF)
8969:S2CID
8885:arXiv
8860:S2CID
8834:arXiv
8807:S2CID
8781:arXiv
8737:S2CID
8709:arXiv
8514:S2CID
8486:arXiv
8443:S2CID
8417:arXiv
8376:arXiv
8349:S2CID
8323:arXiv
8269:arXiv
8235:S2CID
8209:arXiv
8107:(PDF)
8076:(PDF)
8050:(PDF)
8019:(PDF)
7997:S2CID
7946:S2CID
7797:S2CID
7649:S2CID
7623:arXiv
7555:S2CID
7529:arXiv
7382:S2CID
7356:arXiv
7268:S2CID
7242:arXiv
7196:–327.
7160:S2CID
7134:arXiv
7077:S2CID
7033:arXiv
7002:S2CID
6976:arXiv
6931:S2CID
6905:arXiv
6850:(PDF)
6839:S2CID
6813:arXiv
6799:(PDF)
6777:S2CID
6749:arXiv
6636:arXiv
6509:S2CID
6483:arXiv
6425:S2CID
6349:S2CID
6307:arXiv
6161:S2CID
6115:S2CID
6081:arXiv
5969:5 May
5933:(PDF)
5922:S2CID
5886:(PDF)
5843:arXiv
5808:S2CID
5780:(PDF)
5744:5 May
5611:S2CID
5585:arXiv
5486:S2CID
5321:arXiv
5290:S2CID
5264:arXiv
5237:S2CID
5211:arXiv
5147:S2CID
5113:arXiv
5057:1 May
5051:(PDF)
5040:S2CID
5004:(PDF)
4982:S2CID
4956:arXiv
4909:arXiv
4881:1 May
4842:1 May
4818:arXiv
4791:S2CID
4765:arXiv
4738:S2CID
4712:arXiv
4644:S2CID
4618:arXiv
4393:S2CID
4359:arXiv
4232:Notes
4140:Eris
4044:Juno
3893:Mars
3884:Moon
3778:Vesta
3770:Ceres
3721:Zuḥal
3716:زُحَل
3711:eretz
3702:الأرض
3687:Rahab
3571:earth
3547:metal
3539:water
3527:Korea
3508:کیوان
3480:بهرام
3466:ناهید
3461:Nāhid
3439:Shani
3411:Budha
3399:Surya
3375:India
3358:terra
3345:aarde
3337:earth
3331:word
3321:eorþe
3319:word
3298:Þunor
3292:Wōden
3234:Venus
3065:name
3035:Earth
2800:Mimas
2785:Sedna
2761:Pluto
2757:Orcus
2658:(PDF)
2631:orbit
2592:Sedna
2506:Pluto
2474:Metis
2470:Flora
2441:Vesta
2429:Ceres
2221:Venus
2147:Venus
2140:omens
2075:China
1976:Pluto
1974:like
1968:moons
1690:space
1686:Pluto
1678:Titan
1594:fluid
1335:Vanth
1331:Orcus
1225:plane
1100:, or
1055:Pluto
1031:Orbit
1025:Orbit
1014:rings
757:Ariel
747:Five
739:Titan
731:Dione
719:Mimas
691:Four
656:Sedna
632:Pluto
628:Orcus
624:Ceres
419:, an
268:Pluto
260:Ceres
252:moons
211:. In
127:Earth
123:Venus
106:, or
96:orbit
69:Venus
65:Earth
18762:and
18756:Life
18714:and
18519:2024
18514:2023
18509:2022
18504:2021
18499:2020
18494:2019
18489:2018
18484:2017
18479:2016
18474:2015
18469:2014
18464:2013
18459:2012
18454:2011
18449:2010
18164:list
18152:list
18140:list
18123:list
18111:list
17708:and
17426:and
16740:Mars
16728:Moon
16706:list
16689:list
16390:Mars
16348:Mars
16198:Eris
16138:Styx
15990:Rhea
15931:Mars
15919:Moon
15891:Eris
15803:Mars
15743:Eris
15668:Mars
15535:2022
15504:2022
15470:2011
15444:2022
15320:2022
15237:2018
15205:ISBN
15183:2022
15127:2022
15097:2022
15055:ISBN
14998:ISBN
14975:2022
14930:ISBN
14909:2019
14829:2022
14748:2023
14705:2022
14679:2010
14653:2022
14599:2023
14568:2022
14533:ISBN
14514:2008
14483:2021
14453:2022
14364:2008
14351:ISBN
14308:2022
14284:ISSN
14233:ISBN
14212:2022
14161:ISSN
14145:Iraq
13949:2021
13648:2016
13615:2022
13579:2022
13542:2011
13503:ISSN
13456:2022
13432:ISSN
13353:2019
13314:ISBN
13273:2011
13253:8747
13227:2008
13192:2022
13162:2008
13133:2008
13101:2008
13019:2023
12990:2023
12958:2008
12835:PMID
12731:ISBN
12644:ISBN
12512:2008
12472:ISBN
12445:ISBN
12377:ISBN
12351:2022
12312:ISBN
12240:2022
12224:ISSN
12177:2022
12161:ISSN
12134:2008
12121:ISBN
12047:2008
11947:ISBN
11923:ISBN
11874:2008
11861:ISBN
11827:OCLC
11817:ISBN
11776:ISBN
11772:5–20
11696:2008
11663:2015
11627:2007
11559:2016
11529:2022
11444:2007
11410:2022
11325:2007
11313:NASA
11231:ISSN
11186:2022
11159:PMID
11087:ISBN
11038:2021
10973:PMID
10955:ISSN
10911:2008
10810:2022
10786:ISSN
10733:2008
10702:2022
10686:PMID
10637:ISBN
10605:2022
10581:ISSN
10528:2022
10504:ISSN
10449:2007
10437:NASA
10413:PMID
10364:2022
10348:ISSN
10299:2011
10278:2019
10254:PMID
10186:ISSN
10119:PMID
10023:2022
9987:PMID
9880:2023
9862:ISBN
9829:PMID
9738:ISBN
9705:ISBN
9580:2007
9550:2010
9532:ISBN
9499:PMID
9460:2023
9430:2022
9365:2016
9265:ISBN
9246:2008
9030:2023
8921:2022
8903:ISBN
8727:ISBN
8687:2020
8650:2008
8617:2022
8599:ISBN
8576:2007
8545:2007
8459:2022
8185:2007
8154:2017
8136:ISBN
8115:2006
8058:2006
7989:PMID
7907:2022
7789:PMID
7750:2023
7689:ISBN
7453:2008
7333:2008
7302:2008
7213:ISBN
7111:2022
7069:ISSN
6880:2007
6715:link
6701:2008
6674:PMID
6607:2013
6576:2022
6546:2016
6460:2011
6396:2011
6384:NASA
6365:2022
6341:PMID
6333:ISSN
6274:2022
6262:NASA
6243:2017
6208:2022
6107:PMID
6058:2024
6030:2022
5990:ISBN
5971:2022
5959:NASA
5941:2015
5914:PMID
5746:2022
5706:ISBN
5684:2022
5654:2022
5636:ISBN
5521:2022
5478:PMID
5404:2022
5388:ISSN
5341:ISSN
5188:2008
5139:PMID
5090:2010
5059:2022
5032:PMID
4927:ISBN
4883:2016
4844:2016
4591:ISSN
4552:2022
4519:2022
4470:2008
4440:2009
4409:2022
4385:ISSN
4321:Yama
4315:but
4260:See
4007:NASA
3977:, a
3848:Sun
3814:Pope
3812:and
3774:Juno
3683:Oron
3597:and
3563:wood
3555:fire
3494:هرمز
3393:Ketu
3390:and
3387:Rahu
3368:(Ge)
3349:jord
3341:Erde
3333:erþō
3304:Frīġ
3240:Mars
3165:Ares
3158:Zeus
3142:and
3090:and
3075:Nabu
3014:and
3004:and
2947:(M/M
2896:and
2880:and
2859:belt
2781:Eris
2714:and
2666:2009
2614:The
2596:Eris
2557:and
2466:Iris
2462:Hebe
2437:Juno
2269:and
2187:The
2155:Mars
2149:and
1955:and
1883:The
1873:and
1852:axes
1699:−0.6
1697:+0.7
1648:and
1626:ices
1604:and
1602:iron
1451:Mass
1433:pole
1308:days
1184:and
1151:The
1141:The
1131:The
1116:for
1087:year
1043:and
1033:and
969:and
937:and
898:and
872:and
783:One
773:One
735:Rhea
687:Moon
652:Eris
580:rock
504:core
396:mass
327:life
276:Eris
221:Moon
131:Mars
100:star
73:Mars
18797:8:
18787:7:
18768:6:
18754:5:
18744:4:
18730:3:
18720:2:
18706:1:
17361:IAU
16479:PHA
16123:Nix
15832:Ice
15815:Gas
15648:Sun
15171:IAU
14864:doi
14852:260
14776:doi
14732:doi
14634:doi
14410:doi
14274:hdl
14266:doi
14153:doi
14099:doi
14077:532
14044:doi
14022:727
13991:doi
13969:770
13911:doi
13863:doi
13820:doi
13808:378
13782:211
13757:doi
13697:doi
13675:150
13493:doi
13479:460
13424:doi
13304:doi
13120:ABC
13074:doi
12917:doi
12905:274
12874:doi
12825:PMC
12815:doi
12774:doi
12695:hdl
12685:doi
12673:153
12613:doi
12591:319
12437:doi
12402:108
12274:doi
12216:doi
12080:doi
12068:276
12028:doi
11976:doi
11972:107
11722:doi
11505:doi
11483:374
11368:doi
11346:558
11288:doi
11266:635
11223:doi
11211:614
11149:hdl
11141:doi
11119:550
11014:doi
10963:PMC
10947:doi
10876:doi
10864:146
10841:doi
10778:doi
10756:597
10678:doi
10633:519
10573:doi
10551:126
10496:doi
10474:216
10405:doi
10383:314
10338:hdl
10328:doi
10324:479
10244:hdl
10236:doi
10224:445
10176:doi
10154:887
10111:doi
10099:505
10066:doi
10044:776
9979:doi
9957:447
9922:doi
9900:122
9821:doi
9809:226
9774:doi
9730:doi
9674:doi
9652:129
9621:doi
9599:246
9491:doi
9479:321
9403:doi
9391:237
9344:doi
9332:584
9302:doi
9202:doi
9180:641
9153:doi
9115:doi
9103:175
9080:doi
9011:doi
8999:208
8959:doi
8947:164
8895:doi
8852:doi
8830:591
8799:doi
8777:123
8719:doi
8504:doi
8482:382
8435:doi
8413:482
8341:doi
8319:639
8287:doi
8227:doi
8205:669
8096:doi
8084:163
8039:doi
8027:163
7981:doi
7969:150
7938:doi
7926:277
7873:doi
7781:doi
7769:139
7734:doi
7722:175
7641:doi
7619:628
7594:doi
7582:128
7547:doi
7525:205
7500:doi
7419:doi
7374:doi
7352:566
7260:doi
7238:193
7194:324
7152:doi
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