866:, writes: "A new book from General Ion Mihai Pacepa is cause for celebration, because he is among a tiny handful of people who know a lot about the intelligence services of the Soviet Empire, and because he writes about it with rare lucidity, always with an eye to helping us understand our world. His first book, 'Red Horizons,' is indubitably the most brilliant portrait of a Communist regime I've ever read. 'Programmed to Kill' is equally fascinating. Pacepa painstakingly takes us through the documentary evidence, including invaluable material on Soviet bloc cyphers that throws new light on Oswald's letters to KGB officers in Washington and Mexico City. ā¦ No novelist could have written a more exciting story, made all the more compelling because of Pacepa's first-hand involvement in the Russians' efforts to hide their Oswald connection." In
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122:
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within three years the entire organization had been eliminated. Not a single top official was left, not a single major operation was still running. CeauČescu had a nervous breakdown, and gave orders for Pacepa's assassination. At least two squads of murderers have come to the United States to try to find him, and just recently one of Pacepa's former agents ā a man who had performed minor miracles in stealing
Western technology in Europe at Romanian behest ā spent several months on the East Coast, trying to track him down. They didn't succeed."
135:
38:
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in 1945, who wanted the Church out of
Ukraine. On 3 June 1945, his Radio Moscow proclaimed that Pius XII had been "Hitler's Pope." But the insinuation fell flat as it came the day after Pius XII had condemned the "Satanic spectre of Nazism" on Vatican Radio. Moreover, Pius was being lauded for his wartime efforts to protect religious minorities by, among others, President
401:, the director of Radio Free Europe's Romanian program who had infuriated CeauČescu with his commentaries. It was late July when I got this order, and when I ultimately had to decide between being a good father and being a political criminal. Knowing you, Dana, I was firmly convinced that you would prefer no father to one who was an assassin."
915:
fiefdom" and spread the idea that Israel planned to make the
Islamic Middle East into a "Jewish colony." Furthermore, he describes the Soviet Union's alleged role in propagating and funding terrorist groups in the Middle East. He published a book outlining these operations with its name taken from the program itself: Operation SIG.
967:
that gives details of the Seat 12 plot and the Soviet "science" of framing. It is co-authored by Pius XII expert and professor of law at the
University of Mississippi, Ronald J. Rychlak. In an interview, Pacepa claimed that the original idea to blacken the Pontiff's reputation came from Joseph Stalin
489:
in 1988 summed up the devastation caused by Pacepa's "spectacular" defection: "His passage from East to West was a historic event, for so carefully had he prepared, and so thorough was his knowledge of the structure, the methods, the objectives, and the operations of CeauČescu's secret service, that
1065:
inspired by the story of Pacepa's defection in the late 1970s. The events are heavily dramatized and many character names have been changed, including Pacepa, who is represented by a character named Victor
Godeanu. The series has a multi-national cast, with dialogue recorded in Romanian as well as
914:
propaganda across the Middle East to increase hatred for Jews, and by extension Israel and
America. Pacepa writes that Soviet propagandists set up large party state organizations to infiltrate thousands of agents of change into the Arab and Muslim world to instill the idea of America as a "Jewish
509:
to assassinate Pacepa in the United States in exchange for $ 1 million. Documents found in the
Romanian intelligence archives show that the Securitate had given Carlos a whole arsenal to use in "Operation 363" to assassinate Pacepa in the United States. Included were 37 kg
544:
Decision No. 41/1999 cancelled Pacepa's death sentences and ordered for his properties, confiscated by CeauČescu's orders, to be returned to him. Romania's government refused to comply. In
December 2004, the new government of Romania restored Pacepa's rank of general.
723:
was written by Pacepa together with Ronald
Rychlak. Far-right propaganda website WND introduced it in August 2016, as follows: "This November's election spells 'LOOMING DISASTER,' warns former communist spymaster and disinformation expert, Gen. Ion Mihai Pacepa."
947:
Pacepa alleged that the Soviet Union tried to discredit the Papacy. In a 2007 article, he stated: "In my other life, when I was at the center of Moscow's foreign-intelligence wars, I myself was caught up in a deliberate
Kremlin effort to smear the
1859:
435:
file had attached an article from a magazine which talks about Noƫl undergoing surgery, with a note which argues that the article confirms "the measures undertaken by us are starting to have an effect". Pacepa later claimed a supposed
1044:
to destroy, hide, or transfer his chemical weapons prior to the American invasion of Iraq during 2003. He claimed that an operation for the removal of chemical weapons ("Operation Sarindar") had been prepared by the Soviet Union for
482:
Pacepa's defection destroyed the intelligence network of communist Romania, and through the revelations of CeauČescu's activity, it affected CeauČescu's international credibility and respectability. An article published by
980:. Stalin's disinformation efforts were rejected by that contemporary generation "that had lived through the real history and knew who Pope Pius XII really was," Pacepa explained. He said the KGB tried again, promoting
685:
explained that the book's serialization by Radio Free Europe had "played an incontestable role" in overthrowing CeauČescu, according to the text on the back cover of the book's second edition, published during 1990.
1894:
537:, which was broadcasting news of Pacepa's defection. Five Romanian diplomats in West Germany, who had helped Carlos the Jackal in this operation, were expelled from the country.
1957:
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degree only four years later. He was assigned to the Directorate of Counter-sabotage of the Securitate. In 1955, he was transferred to the Directorate of Foreign Intelligence.
2351:
2120:
409:
324:, which he managed until he defected in 1978. Pacepa claimed he was involved with the establishment of Romania's automobile industry, and with the development of its
2202:
2101:
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1831:
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732:
In a 2006 article, Pacepa describes a conversation he had with CeauČescu, who told him about "ten international leaders the Kremlin killed or tried to kill":
2078:
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stated "those inclined to suspect a conspiracy was behind JFK's murder will likely remain unpersuaded by Pacepa's circumstantial, speculative case" and that
2341:
2183:
1019:
1721:
874:"a superb new paradigmatic work on the death of President Kennedy" and "a 'must read' for everyone interested in the assassination of President Kennedy."
2316:
262:(CIA) in operations against the former Eastern Bloc. The CIA described his cooperation as "an important and unique contribution to the United States".
2018:
634:, arousing "huge interest among Romanians". According to Radio Romania, "the streets of Romania's towns were empty" during the RFE serialization of
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1398:
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2311:
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1967:
1663:
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364:
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772:
650:(a second edition, published in March 1990, contained the transcript of CeauÅescu's trial, which was based on facts presented in
274:
region in the north west of Romania, where he worked in his father's small kitchenware factory. On 1 December 1918, Transylvania
552:
in 2016, the two death sentences remained in effect, and Pacepa "has lived in secret" since his defection. Pacepa died in 2021.
2117:
1461:
Disinformation: former spy chief reveals secret strategies for undermining freedom, attacking religion, and promoting terrorism
1414:
Disinformation: former spy chief reveals secret strategies for undermining freedom, attacking religion, and promoting terrorism
1367:
Disinformation: former spy chief reveals secret strategies for undermining freedom, attacking religion, and promoting terrorism
1159:
Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism
1083:
1003:
Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism
252:
1664:"'RFE/RL Will Continue To Be Heard': Carlos the Jackal and The Bombing of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 21, 1981"
1468:
1421:
1374:
1166:
1153:
227:, and wrote books and articles on the inner workings of communist intelligence services. His best-known works are the books
2381:
343:'s adviser for industrial and technological development and the deputy chief of the Romanian foreign intelligence service.
2262:
419:, suggested he had been irradiated by the Securitate. She also linked Bernard's death to those of RFE journalists such as
839:
was subsequently instructed to kill Oswald in order to silence him. The work was said to rely heavily on the work of the
541:
294:
102:
2098:
2371:
275:
2326:
1586:
1307:
1219:
1140:
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1109:
646:, were sentenced to death. Pacepa claimed that at the trial most of the accusations came almost word-for-word out of
1821:
1752:
832:
2075:
1032:
were held in cities across the world. Pacepa contends that these protests were contrived and anti-American, which
2376:
1785:
1694:
1667:
1541:
530:
394:
1510:"Cine era bun pentru Televiziunea RomanÄ era bun Či pentru Europa LiberÄ (Interview with Ioana MÄgurÄ-Bernard)"
1188:
892:, Pacepa's belated account "rests rather flimsily on circumstantial evidence and supposition." In a review for
765:
213:
2051:
2386:
1212:
Red Horizons: the 2nd Book. The True Story of Nicolae and Elena CeauÅescu's Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption
1115:
Red Horizons: the 2nd Book. The True Story of Nicolae and Elena CeauČescu's Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption
1029:
741:
201:
127:
248:
2366:
2321:
414:
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between 1947 and 1951, but just months before graduation, he was drafted by the Securitate and gained his
2331:
2028:
1874:
1183:
825:
259:
801:
778:. Pacepa provides some additional details, such as an alleged plot to kill Mao Zedong with the help of
523:
1231:
990:. As that generation "had not lived through that history and did not know better, time it worked."
1037:
886:
offered "no convincing Soviet motive for the assassination." According to author Joseph Goulden in
1036:
assisted. Pacepa wrote during October 2003 that it was "perfectly obvious to me" that the Russian
2336:
2136:
894:
568:
467:
397:, Pacepa explained the reason for defecting: "In 1978 I got the order to organize the killing of
2230:"Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa"
2139:
2086:
1615:
1575:
Red horizons: the true story of Nicolae and Elena CeauČescus' crimes, lifestyle, and corruption
745:
578:
485:
371:
316:
appointed him as head of Romania's new industrial espionage department, the S&T (short for
690:
was subsequently republished in 29 countries, and it was made into a documentary movie by the
320:, meaning "science and technology" in Romanian) of Directorate I. He was the head of Romanian
1025:
1002:
969:
757:
691:
573:
229:
313:
2301:
2296:
2189:
2160:
2023:
1266:
1257:
888:
584:
437:
321:
241:
1010:, who studies the history of religion, and which would become his most recognizable work.
661:
On 1 January 1990, the book began being serialized in the new official Romanian newspaper
622:
printed in the U.S. was infiltrated into Communist Romania, and a Mao-style pocketbook of
471:
340:
244:
8:
749:
639:
475:
2275:
1790:
1578:
1486:
1439:
1392:
907:
848:
626:
was illegally printed in Communist Hungary (now a valuable collectorās item). In 1988,
611:
590:
461:
193:
168:
65:
25:
1929:"Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination"
643:
2177:
1990:
1932:
1924:
1886:
1878:
1795:
1592:
1582:
1474:
1464:
1427:
1417:
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1313:
1303:
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1149:
1136:
1118:
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1007:
973:
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828:
821:
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761:
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379:
188:
1928:
1332:
1146:
Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination
818:
Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination
898:, Hayden B. Peake called Pacepa's theory an "imaginative story" and "implausible".
733:
375:
325:
505:
set a further $ 1 million each. In the 1980s, Romania's political police enlisted
2281:
2266:
2124:
2105:
2082:
1826:
1822:"Romania's Rebirth: The former Communist state could be a valuable American ally"
1757:
1291:
1178:
1067:
977:
901:
768:
596:
502:
220:
2228:
Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guest: Prof Ronald Rychlak (26 March 2021).
1953:
1717:
1610:
1041:
859:
549:
529:
Carlos was unable to find Pacepa, but on 21 February 1981, he bombed a part of
515:
428:
420:
367:
283:
240:
At the time of his defection, Pacepa simultaneously had the rank of advisor to
1232:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977ā1980, Volume XX, Eastern Europe"
2290:
2229:
1882:
1799:
1478:
1431:
1384:
1344:
1193:
981:
953:
911:
863:
655:
498:
441:
209:
140:
1890:
1596:
1317:
1070:, with subtitles. There is also a version completely overdubbed in English.
1962:
1631:
1299:
934:
855:
360:
312:, where he served for two years. In October 1959, Minister of the Interior
309:
304:
In 1957, Pacepa was appointed head of the Romanian intelligence station in
271:
224:
216:
1629:
Regnery, Alfred S. (22 October 2001). "Book Inspired Counter-Revolution".
452:. According to Pacepa, "Radu" was a Romanian name used as a reference to "
270:
Ion Mihai Pacepa's father (born in 1893) was raised in Alba Iulia, in the
37:
2239:
835:, then changed his mind but was unable to stop Oswald. Pacepa wrote that
813:
796:
753:
658:
reportedly called āRed Horizonsā his āBibleā for dealing with dictators.
298:
1296:
CeauČescu and the Securitate: coercion and dissent in Romania, 1965-1989
673:
663:
431:, both of whom also died of cancer. According to Bernard's wife, Noƫl's
2205:[General Ion Mihai Pacepa died of COVID in the United States].
2010:
1689:
1549:
1062:
986:
775:
519:
449:
432:
333:
197:
150:
2234:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1088:
836:
737:
453:
445:
385:
In a letter to his daughter, Dana, published in the French newspaper
305:
290:
279:
205:
61:
1613:(April 1988), "Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief",
1079:
949:
779:
562:
388:
1958:"Kennedy Assassination and Soviet KGB Connection Explored in Book"
1846:
924:
700:
497:, and CeauČescu decreed a bounty of US$ 2 million for his death.
329:
493:
During September 1978, Pacepa received two death sentences from
1726:
1033:
957:
610:
In 1987, Pacepa wrote a book published in the United States by
560:
Pacepa was a columnist for the Internet conservative blog site
534:
457:
405:
289:
Born in Bucharest in 1928, Ion Mihai Pacepa studied industrial
2203:"Generalul Ion Mihai Pacepa a murit de COVID Ʈn Statele Unite"
929:
918:
902:
Alleged Soviet role in supporting terrorism in the Middle East
1995:
1086:. His life was discussed on BBC Radio 4's obituary programme
1046:
282:
and worked for the local branch of the American car company
1648:
1050:
976:(who described him as "the greatest man of our time"), and
356:
1710:
783:
1753:"The Kremlin's Killing Ways: A long tradition continues"
363:, where he had been sent by CeauČescu with a message to
2118:
Claims that Pius XII Was Framed Gaining Support, Part 2
963:
In 2012, Pacepa revealed he was writing a book called
223:. He was the highest-ranking defector from the former
2137:
Spontaneous anti-American demonstrations? Think again
1786:"Ion Mihai Pacepa, Key Cold War Defector, Dies at 92"
1722:"The Greatest Spy Speaks About The Threat To America"
1463:. Ronald J. Rychlak. Washington, DC. pp. 28ā29.
1369:. Ronald J. Rychlak. Washington, DC. pp. 23ā25.
192:; 28 October 1928 ā 14 February 2021) was a Romanian
1919:
1917:
1915:
1020:
WMD conjecture in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq War
727:
460:
which would result in death within months after the
265:
2352:
Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
1858:Peake, Hayden B. (June 2007). Vaart, Andres (ed.).
824:was recruited as a KGB agent. According to Pacepa,
638:. On 25 December 1989, during the last part of the
1991:"A New Paradigmatic Work on the JFK Assassination"
526:with 1049 bullets, and five hand grenades UZRG-M.
251:, and a parliamentary undersecretary at Romania's
1923:
1912:
1416:. Ronald J. Rychlak. Washington, DC. p. 27.
1102:Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief
616:Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief
351:Pacepa defected in July 1978 by walking into the
2288:
2182:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2127:. ncregister.com. Retrieved on 16 November 2016.
2108:. ncregister.com. Retrieved on 16 November 2016.
522:pistol serial # 249460 with 1306 bullets, eight
2099:Claims that Pius XII Was Framed Gaining Support
555:
1539:
1049:and that such a plan was being implemented in
1746:
1744:
1690:"Special Feature: The 1981 Bombing of RFE/RL"
1250:
339:From 1972 to 1978, Pacepa was also President
2164:. Archived from the original on 4 April 2005
2150:
2148:
1061:In May 2023 HBO launched a TV series titled
910:, Pacepa wrote that the Soviet Union spread
862:, former adviser for terrorism to President
709:, which has become a bestseller in Romania.
671:), which on that day replaced the Communist
456:", with the intention to lead the target to
386:
2342:People convicted of treason against Romania
1082:on 14 February 2021, at age 92, during the
919:Alleged Soviet campaign against the Vatican
2317:Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
1813:
1741:
1491:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1444:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1397:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1286:
1284:
1256:
854:In a review of Pacepa's book published in
258:Subsequently, he worked with the American
36:
2145:
474:, right, alongside Polish leader General
1290:
928:
845:House Select Committee on Assassinations
795:
466:
278:, and in 1920, Pacepa's father moved to
2357:Romanian emigrants to the United States
2016:
1628:
1540:MÄgurÄ Bernard, Ioana (28 April 2003).
1281:
705:. During 1999, he authored the trilogy
393:in 1980 and broadcast over and over by
2289:
2049:
1988:
1952:
1860:"The Intelligence Officer's Bookshelf"
1819:
1750:
1716:
1609:
1572:
1458:
1411:
1364:
1330:
1084:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
2347:People sentenced to death in absentia
1865:. Intelligence in Public Literature.
1857:
1834:from the original on 14 February 2007
1783:
1646:"The Securitate Arsenal for Carlos".
1568:
1566:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1056:
906:In a 2006 article written during the
789:
187:
2017:Goulden, Joseph (11 November 2007).
1875:Center for the Study of Intelligence
1504:
1502:
2050:Pacepa, Ion Mhai (24 August 2006).
1751:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (8 August 2007).
933:Official photograph of Pius XII by
712:
295:Politehnica University of Bucharest
103:Politehnica University of Bucharest
13:
1820:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (27 July 2006).
1765:from the original on 8 August 2007
1563:
1528:
1135:, Editura Omega, Bucharest, 1999.
1095:
14:
2398:
2312:Military personnel from Bucharest
2307:Romanian people of Slovak descent
2256:
2076:"Moscow's Assault on the Vatican"
2027:. Washington, D.C. Archived from
1542:"Europa LiberÄ ā dosar incomplet"
1499:
1331:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2 June 2009).
993:
728:Alleged assassinations by the KGB
266:Activity in Romanian intelligence
2156:"Ex-spy fingers Russians on WMD"
833:assassination of John F. Kennedy
707:The Black Book of the Securitate
133:
120:
2221:
2209:(in Romanian). 15 February 2021
2195:
2130:
2111:
2092:
2069:
2043:
1982:
1946:
1777:
1695:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1682:
1668:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1656:
1639:
1622:
1603:
1262:"Red past in Romania's present"
1013:
1006:co-authored with law professor
603:
423:(stabbed to death), as well as
219:'s approval of his request for
2362:Defectors to the United States
2019:"The art of conspiracy theory"
1516:(in Romanian). 12 January 2001
1452:
1405:
1358:
1333:"What I Learned as a Car Czar"
1324:
1224:
1205:
1189:List of Eastern Bloc defectors
1066:English, German, Russian, and
697:During 1993, Pacepa published
1:
1989:Weeber, Stan (October 2009).
1784:Risen, Clay (16 March 2021).
1199:
938:
566:. He also wrote articles for
404:Noƫl Bernard died in 1981 of
202:Socialist Republic of Romania
189:[iĖonmiĖhajpaĖtĶ”Źepa]
2282:Red Horizons on Google Books
618:. A Romanian translation of
556:Writings and political views
346:
249:foreign intelligence service
16:Romanian general (1928ā2021)
7:
2382:The Washington Times people
1184:List of conspiracy theories
1172:
1133:Cartea neagrÄ a SecuritÄČii
370:. He was flown secretly to
260:Central Intelligence Agency
200:, the secret police of the
10:
2403:
1573:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (1990).
1459:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2013).
1412:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2013).
1365:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2013).
1017:
1000:In 2013, Pacepa published
922:
642:, CeauČescu and his wife,
2372:FrontPage Magazine people
174:
164:
156:
146:
115:
108:
98:
88:
72:
47:
35:
23:
2327:Romanian anti-communists
1238:. US Department of State
1128:The Kremlin Legacy, 1993
1073:
816:published Pacepa's book
1873:(2). Washington, D.C.:
1867:Studies in Intelligence
1030:anti-war demonstrations
1028:. In opposition, large
895:Studies in Intelligence
588:, the online newspaper
569:The Wall Street Journal
542:Romania's Supreme Court
212:in July 1978 following
185:Romanian pronunciation:
2377:National Review people
2267:National Review Online
2140:National Review Online
2123:22 August 2012 at the
2087:National Review Online
1827:National Review Online
1758:National Review Online
1616:The American Spectator
944:
809:
746:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
579:National Review Online
576:publications, such as
486:The American Spectator
479:
387:
372:Andrews Air Force Base
247:, acting chief of his
2238:. 20:08 minutes in.
2104:7 August 2020 at the
2081:23 April 2021 at the
1258:Borchgrave, Arnaud de
1026:2003 invasion of Iraq
1024:Pacepa supported the
932:
870:, Stan Weeber called
799:
758:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
756:from Czechoslovakia;
574:American conservative
470:
378:, in a United States
318:ČtiinČÄ Či Tehnologie
2387:WorldNetDaily people
2190:The Washington Times
2161:The Washington Times
2052:"Russian Footprints"
2024:The Washington Times
1956:(28 December 2007).
1720:(4 September 2016).
1581:. pp. 145ā146.
1577:. Washington, D.C.:
1302:. pp. 322ā323.
1267:The Washington Times
889:The Washington Times
760:, the Shah of Iran;
585:The Washington Times
410:Ioana MÄgurÄ Bernard
322:industrial espionage
253:Ministry of Interior
2367:American columnists
2322:Securitate generals
2031:on 20 November 2007
1337:Wall Street Journal
1260:(14 January 2004).
742:LucreČiu PÄtrÄČcanu
640:Romanian Revolution
533:'s headquarters in
476:Wojciech Jaruzelski
448:and critics by the
438:radiological weapon
276:united with Romania
147:Service branch
2332:Romanian defectors
1970:on 24 October 2016
1791:The New York Times
1057:In popular culture
945:
908:Second Lebanon War
884:Programmed to Kill
872:Programmed to Kill
849:Edward Jay Epstein
810:
791:Programmed to Kill
630:was serialized on
591:FrontPage Magazine
480:
314:Alexandru DrÄghici
194:lieutenant general
169:Lieutenant General
157:Service years
110:Espionage activity
26:Lieutenant General
2089:, 25 January 2007
1933:Publishers Weekly
1925:Publishers Weekly
1470:978-1-936488-60-5
1423:978-1-936488-60-5
1376:978-1-936488-60-5
1236:history.state.gov
1167:978-1-93648-860-5
1154:978-1-56663-761-9
1078:Pacepa died from
1008:Ronald J. Rychlak
974:Winston Churchill
956:as a coldhearted
879:Publishers Weekly
841:Warren Commission
829:Nikita Khrushchev
822:Lee Harvey Oswald
806:Lee Harvey Oswald
782:organized by the
762:Palmiro Togliatti
632:Radio Free Europe
531:Radio Free Europe
512:plastic explosive
507:Carlos the Jackal
495:Communist Romania
472:Nicolae CeauČescu
444:was used against
395:Radio Free Europe
380:military aircraft
341:Nicolae CeauČescu
245:Nicolae CeauČescu
178:
177:
2394:
2272:Ion Mihai Pacepa
2263:Ion Mihai Pacepa
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:, 2 October 2003
2187:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2115:
2109:
2096:
2090:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1966:. Archived from
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1927:(25 June 2007).
1921:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1893:. Archived from
1864:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1781:
1775:
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1772:
1770:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1537:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1482:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1435:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1298:. Armonk, N.Y.:
1292:Deletant, Dennis
1288:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1228:
1222:
1209:
952:, by portraying
943:
940:
721:Looming Disaster
714:Looming Disaster
681:). In its lead,
540:On 7 July 1999,
524:Stechkin pistols
418:
392:
376:Washington, D.C.
221:political asylum
191:
186:
181:Ion Mihai Pacepa
139:
137:
136:
126:
124:
123:
79:
76:14 February 2021
57:
55:
40:
30:Ion Mihai Pacepa
21:
20:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2287:
2286:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2135:
2131:
2125:Wayback Machine
2116:
2112:
2106:Wayback Machine
2097:
2093:
2083:Wayback Machine
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2056:National Review
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1954:Ledeen, Michael
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1862:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1749:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1718:Leeden, Michael
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1670:. 14 April 2020
1662:
1661:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1627:
1623:
1611:Ledeen, Michael
1608:
1604:
1589:
1579:Regnery Gateway
1571:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1548:(in Romanian).
1538:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1410:
1406:
1390:
1389:
1377:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1329:
1325:
1310:
1289:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1179:Active measures
1175:
1098:
1096:Published books
1076:
1068:Egyptian Arabic
1059:
1022:
1016:
998:
978:Albert Einstein
941:
927:
921:
904:
794:
769:John F. Kennedy
730:
717:
612:Regnery Gateway
608:
597:World Net Daily
558:
516:submachine guns
503:Muammar Gaddafi
412:
349:
326:microelectronic
268:
184:
134:
132:
131:
121:
119:
99:Alma mater
93:
84:
81:
77:
68:
59:
58:28 October 1928
53:
51:
43:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Cold War spies
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2276:OpinionJournal
2269:
2258:
2257:External links
2255:
2253:
2252:
2220:
2207:realitatea.net
2194:
2144:
2129:
2110:
2091:
2068:
2042:
2009:
1981:
1945:
1911:
1900:on 8 July 2008
1845:
1812:
1776:
1740:
1709:
1698:. 9 April 2008
1681:
1655:
1638:
1621:
1602:
1587:
1562:
1527:
1498:
1469:
1451:
1422:
1404:
1375:
1357:
1323:
1308:
1280:
1249:
1223:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1125:
1112:
1097:
1094:
1075:
1072:
1058:
1055:
1042:Saddam Hussein
1040:agency helped
1018:Main article:
1015:
1012:
997:
995:Disinformation
992:
965:Disinformation
960:sympathizer."
923:Main article:
920:
917:
903:
900:
860:Michael Ledeen
826:Soviet Premier
793:
788:
750:Rudolf SlĆ”nskĆ½
748:from Romania;
740:from Hungary;
729:
726:
716:
711:
607:
602:
557:
554:
550:Michael Ledeen
514:EPP/88, seven
429:Vlad Georgescu
425:Emil Georgescu
421:Cornel Chiriac
368:Helmut Schmidt
348:
345:
284:General Motors
267:
264:
230:Disinformation
176:
175:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
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148:
144:
143:
117:
113:
112:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
80:(aged 92)
74:
70:
69:
60:
49:
45:
44:
42:Pacepa in 1975
41:
33:
32:
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2399:
2388:
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2383:
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2208:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2142:18 March 2003
2141:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2013:
1998:
1997:
1996:H-Net Reviews
1992:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
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1669:
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1642:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1588:0-89526-746-2
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1515:
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1488:
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1476:
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1466:
1462:
1455:
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1425:
1419:
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1400:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:1-56324-633-3
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1220:0-89526-746-2
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1194:Radu (weapon)
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:973-98745-4-1
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:0-89526-746-2
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:0-89526-570-2
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:
996:
991:
989:
988:
984:'s 1963 play
983:
982:Rolf Hochhuth
979:
975:
971:
966:
961:
959:
955:
954:Pope Pius XII
951:
936:
931:
926:
916:
913:
909:
899:
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
881:
880:
875:
873:
869:
868:H-Net Reviews
865:
864:Ronald Reagan
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
819:
815:
807:
803:
798:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
774:
770:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
725:
722:
715:
710:
708:
704:
702:
695:
693:
689:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
666:
665:
659:
657:
656:Ronald Reagan
654:). President
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
606:
601:
599:
598:
593:
592:
587:
586:
581:
580:
575:
571:
570:
565:
564:
553:
551:
548:According to
546:
543:
538:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
504:
500:
499:Yasser Arafat
496:
491:
488:
487:
477:
473:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
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443:
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383:
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296:
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261:
256:
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238:
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232:
231:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
210:United States
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
182:
173:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
141:United States
129:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
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87:
83:United States
75:
71:
67:
63:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
2243:. Retrieved
2233:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2166:. Retrieved
2159:
2132:
2113:
2094:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2055:
2045:
2035:11 September
2033:. Retrieved
2029:the original
2022:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1994:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1968:the original
1963:Human Events
1961:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1902:. Retrieved
1895:the original
1870:
1866:
1836:. Retrieved
1825:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1789:
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1756:
1731:. Retrieved
1725:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1658:
1647:
1641:
1632:Human Events
1630:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1574:
1553:. Retrieved
1546:revista22.ro
1545:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1460:
1454:
1413:
1407:
1366:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1336:
1326:
1300:M. E. Sharpe
1295:
1271:. Retrieved
1265:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1211:
1207:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1127:
1114:
1101:
1087:
1077:
1060:
1023:
1014:Iraq and WMD
1001:
999:
994:
985:
964:
962:
946:
935:Yousuf Karsh
912:anti-Semitic
905:
893:
887:
883:
877:
876:
871:
867:
856:Human Events
853:
831:ordered the
820:that argues
817:
811:
804:portrait of
790:
773:CCP Chairman
766:US President
764:from Italy;
731:
720:
718:
713:
706:
698:
696:
692:Hungarian TV
688:Red Horizons
687:
682:
678:
672:
668:
662:
660:
652:Red Horizons
651:
648:Red Horizons
647:
636:Red Horizons
635:
628:Red Horizons
627:
624:Red Horizons
623:
620:Red Horizons
619:
615:
609:
605:Red Horizons
604:
595:
589:
583:
577:
567:
561:
559:
547:
539:
528:
492:
484:
481:
408:; his wife,
403:
399:Noƫl Bernard
384:
361:West Germany
350:
338:
336:industries.
317:
310:West Germany
303:
288:
272:Transylvania
269:
257:
239:
235:Red Horizons
234:
228:
225:Eastern Bloc
217:Jimmy Carter
180:
179:
109:
78:(2021-02-14)
18:
2302:2021 deaths
2297:1928 births
2240:BBC Radio 4
2213:15 February
2061:16 November
2002:16 November
1974:16 November
1514:adevarul.ro
1242:12 February
942: 1945
814:Ivan R. Dee
754:Jan Masaryk
734:LĆ”szlĆ³ Rajk
413: [
299:engineering
89:Citizenship
2291:Categories
1805:5 December
1702:5 December
1674:5 December
1550:Revista 22
1200:References
1063:Spy/Master
987:The Deputy
776:Mao Zedong
520:Walther PP
450:Securitate
446:dissenters
433:Securitate
365:Chancellor
353:US Embassy
334:antibiotic
198:Securitate
151:Securitate
130:(defected)
116:Allegiance
54:1928-10-28
2235:Last Word
1904:4 October
1883:1527-0874
1877:: 88ā89.
1800:0362-4331
1733:31 August
1487:cite book
1479:826293965
1440:cite book
1432:826293965
1393:cite book
1385:826293965
1345:0099-9660
1089:Last Word
970:Roosevelt
837:Jack Ruby
812:In 2007,
800:Official
738:Imre Nagy
719:The book
703:'s Legacy
679:The Spark
669:The Truth
454:radiation
347:Defection
306:Frankfurt
291:chemistry
280:Bucharest
242:President
214:President
160:1951ā1978
62:Bucharest
2280:E-book:
2245:28 March
2178:cite web
2168:12 April
2121:Archived
2102:Archived
2079:Archived
1891:30965384
1832:Archived
1763:Archived
1597:21980052
1318:32739082
1294:(1995).
1214:, 1990.
1173:See also
1161:, 2013.
1148:, 2007.
1117:, 1990.
1104:, 1987.
1080:COVID-19
780:Lin Biao
683:AdevÄrul
674:ScƮnteia
664:AdevÄrul
563:PJ Media
462:exposure
389:Le Monde
206:defected
94:American
92:Romanian
1938:20 July
1838:20 June
1769:20 June
1652:. 2004.
1555:20 June
1520:20 June
1350:20 June
1273:20 June
950:Vatican
925:Seat 12
701:Kremlin
478:, 1980s
330:polymer
293:at the
208:to the
196:in the
128:Romania
66:Romania
1889:
1881:
1798:
1727:Forbes
1595:
1585:
1477:
1467:
1430:
1420:
1383:
1373:
1343:
1316:
1306:
1218:
1165:
1152:
1139:
1121:
1108:
1034:Russia
847:, and
843:, the
808:, 1956
771:; and
594:, and
535:Munich
518:, one
458:cancer
440:named
406:cancer
332:, and
204:, who
138:
125:
1898:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1074:Death
1047:Libya
644:Elena
417:]
374:near
2247:2021
2215:2021
2184:link
2170:2017
2063:2016
2037:2007
2004:2016
1976:2016
1940:2015
1906:2017
1887:OCLC
1879:ISSN
1840:2021
1807:2021
1796:ISSN
1771:2021
1735:2017
1704:2021
1676:2021
1649:Ziua
1593:OCLC
1583:ISBN
1557:2021
1522:2021
1493:link
1475:OCLC
1465:ISBN
1446:link
1428:OCLC
1418:ISBN
1399:link
1381:OCLC
1371:ISBN
1352:2021
1341:ISSN
1314:OCLC
1304:ISBN
1275:2021
1244:2024
1216:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1051:Iraq
958:Nazi
802:USMC
752:and
744:and
736:and
699:The
572:and
501:and
442:Radu
427:and
357:Bonn
233:and
165:Rank
73:Died
48:Born
2274:at
2265:at
1038:GRU
784:KGB
355:in
2293::
2232:.
2188:,
2180:}}
2176:{{
2158:.
2147:^
2085:,
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