371:
330:, who was vying for the throne at that time. In the late thirteenth century, the 5th Lord of Annandale was nearing the end of his life, and thus, Domhnall saw the young Earl of Carrick as a potential future king. By pursuing a marriage between Isabella and Bruce, Domnall was not only strengthening his bond with allies, which was his primary goal but was also marrying into a powerful family that might one day rule the kingdom. Isabella, like many European noblewomen in the medieval age, was used as a diplomatic pawn by her ambitious father.
40:
259:
390:. As medievalist, Jennifer Edwards, has noted, childbirth in the medieval age was "dangerous for all women Pregnancy and childbirth were recognized as perilous, as well as uncomfortable, times." However, Isabella's early death—at around the age of 19—was atypical, even for the medieval age. Most women who died during childbirth were much older than Isabella; as a point of comparison, modern scholars have estimated that the average age of
349:, who would later fight Bruce for the throne. In April 1290, Bruce made an agreement with Nichlas Biggar, a minor nobleman who held a legal claim to Garioch. This arrangement granted Bruce the two-thirds of the lordship which Balliol and Hastings held; yet, in the end, the arrangement was insubstantial for attaining the lordship, so Bruce turned his eyes south to Clan Mar. As historian Michael Brown wrote:
489:, personally led an assault on the castle. The outnumbered Scots received yet another devastating defeat, but this time there was nowhere to run and the Scottish lords at Kildrummy were captured and executed, including Neil Bruce. The quick-thinking Earl of Atholl, however, managed to escape and took Robert's wife, his sister, and Marjorie into hiding. They were betrayed days after their flight by
435:, and due to Bruce's habit of turning coat, Edward ordered that Bruce provide the infant Marjorie as a hostage—as collateral for her father's loyalty. The details of what occurred next are unfortunately sparse. We know that Bruce never delivered Marjorie, but why Edward did not retaliate against this blatant disobedience remains a mystery. Perhaps Edward simply more important issue to tend to. The
298:, with the whole strength of their power, cleaved, in the firm league of kinship, to the side of Robert of Bruce." Domhnall summoned an army within a mere fortnight of Margret's death, eager and ready to support his newfound ally. This succession dispute, or "Great Cause," was what initially brought Isabella's Clan Mar and the House of Bruce together as allies.
535:, and endured exposure and public humiliation as MacDuff did. Marjorie however, in the end, was spared this ordeal. Perhaps Edward felt Mary's and MacDuff's humiliation sufficed enough, though, there is no evidence to definitively say why Edward decided to spare Marjorie from her cage; instead, Edward sent her to the
522:
Because she has not struck with the sword, she shall not die by the sword; but, on account of the unlawful coronation which she performed, let her be closely confined in an abode of stone and iron, made in the shape of a crown, and let her be hung up out of doors in the open air at
Berwick, that both
394:
women in the 11th century was only 33. This was due to the frequency of childbirth—as
Edwards explained, "this statistic does correlate with the time when women were most likely on a second, third, or subsequent pregnancy and thus most at risk of death in childbirth." So, while death during child
361:
Even before the succession dispute, the House of Bruce sought a marriage with Clan Mar to strengthen their claim on the lordship of
Garioch. Their interests would only "overlap" further with Margret's death and Balliol's rival claim. The marriage between Isabella and Bruce was thus politically
301:
Isabella's father sought to use
Isabella to strengthen ties with the powerful Bruce family. And though Clan Mar had no shortage of enemies prior to Margret's death, the succession dispute and their siding with Bruce had brought them new opponents. There was thus a great pressure on the part of
608:, David was last of the House of Bruce to hold the crown. Though David married several women during his reign and had even more mistresses, he died without children in the year 1371. Since David was the only male heir of Robert's, Isabella's descendants became the
410:
growing frustration with the Scots. In 1296, John
Balliol successfully beat Bruce to the throne after being elected by a group of noblemen selected by Edward. But Balliol did not remain loyal to Edward for long, and soon made an alliance with his most powerful
566:, was captured. Bruce leveraged this powerful Earl for Marjorie's release, and in October 1314, the two sides met and exchanged the English Earl for the Scottish Princess. Of course, Bruce himself was not there for the exchange; instead, he sent the young
591:
Marjorie conceived a child shortly after her marriage with Walter
Stewart, but she would not live to see her child grow. There are different accounts of what followed, with the traditional one being that Marjorie was taking a ride to
431:, eventually deposing the then King of Scots, John Balliol. By July 1297, Bruce had joined in the revolt, fighting the English and coaxing Edward towards negotiations. After numerous defeats, Edward signed a treaty in exchange for an
596:
in the latter stages of her pregnancy when her horse spontaneously bucked her off and onto the road, sending
Marjorie into premature labor and, like her mother, to her untimely demise at the young age of twenty. However, her child,
578:
to retrieve
Marjorie and her family. Walter and Marjorie—who were about the same age—evidently took a liking to each other, as the following year (1315), the two married; and with that, the lines of Bruce and
357:, Donald had a direct interest in the process. These overlapping landed concerns may have fuelled the growing political alignment between Mar and Bruce which was, once again, formalised through marriage.
419:" as a betrayal, and with the recent attack on Carlisle—which Edward considered an attack on England itself—he lost all patience with the Scots. He marched his armies north in March 1296, beginning the
465:
Though Bruce lost most of his initial battles as King, he remained elusive and escaped Edward's grasp time and time again. In June 1306, Edward's forces dealt Bruce a devastating defeat at the
612:. The grandson of Isabella and son of Marjorie Bruce, Robert II, succeeded to the throne in place of his childless uncle, continuing the Bruce lineage as the first Stewart to hold the crown.
547:
382:. The details of Isabella's death, like her life, are obscured by our lack of primary sources; however, it is likely she died during-—or shortly after—Marjorie's birth in 1296.
447:, and with that, the revolt was extinguished. Edward then marched back to England, seemingly content with his victories and made no further demands for Marjorie.
333:
The House of Bruce's interest in
Isabella was politically motivated as well, though their interest existed before the succession dispute. To the North of the
402:
The year of
Marjorie's birth (1296) was a chaotic time for her father, as on 26 March 1296 seven Scottish earls loyal to Comyn launched a surprise attack on
1175:
1131:
1091:
282:
had pillaged his lands, and he was thus eager for an excuse to take up arms against this powerful neighbor. As the Comyns were staunch supporters of
462:. Later that year, on 25 March 1306, Bruce was officially crowned King of Scots. Edward marched North that spring to depose his former ally.
567:
192:
214:
As the daughter of an Earl, Isabella's life was deeply entwined with the politics of her kingdom. In 1286, a few years after her birth,
1231:
180:
is evidenced by two marriages; the first between Isabella and Robert, and the second between Domhnall's son and comital successor,
187:
The marriage of Robert Bruce VII and Isabella probably took place in the 1290s. The union produced a single child, a daughter named
450:
Bruce remained nominally loyal to Edward until 10 February 1306, when he murdered his rival, John Comyn, at the high altar of the
559:
474:
238:. After Margaret's death, the Scottish nobles formed factions in support of the two primary families vying for the throne, the
968:
The Flowers of History: Especially such as Relate to the Affairs of Britain; From the Beginning of the World to the Year 1307
769:
323:
231:
493:, a fervent supporter of Balliol who handed Atholl and the Bruces over to the English. The Earl of Atholl was executed, but
1236:
505:
341:. Garioch was a land divided between four different co-heirs, including the House of Bruce. Two of the other co-heirs were
1221:
302:
Domhnall to sow a strong bond with new allies who could protect the Mars from their growing list of enemies, and in this
1020:
The Scottish Nation: Or the Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours and Biographical History of the People of Scotland
346:
165:
500:
The details of Marjorie's captivity are once again sparse, though we know that a cage was built for her outside the
540:
310:, that meant that Isabella was to wed into an allied clan. The premier choice for Isabella's spouse was the young
161:
122:
274:
from covetous neighbors. When the succession crisis first arose, Domhnall was already amid a clan dispute with
792:
dition/John_of_Fordun_s_Chronicle_of_the_Scotti/9bTRAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 (accessed October 7, 2021), 319.
1241:
571:
558:
which saw a Scottish victory over an English army more than triple their size. During the fight, the English
508:, the Countess of Buchan who oversaw Bruce's coronation. MacDuff's cage was set in the public's view outside
420:
235:
1226:
1026:
on/The_Scottish_Nation_Or_the_Surnames_Fami/ivYANz6_FbAC?hl=en&gbpv=0 (accessed November 5, 2021), 513.
443:, did not sign the treaty and was still in open revolt. Wallace received a devastating loss from Edward at
362:
motivated—the two clans shared enemies and sought to strengthen their political ties through the marriage.
512:
as a warning to rebels and, possibly, as a ploy to coax Bruce out of hiding. According to the chronicle,
196:
146:
406:, Bruce's principal residence at the time. The attack failed, but it proved to be a catalyst to English
378:
Isabella died shortly after her marriage with Robert the Bruce, but not before delivering her daughter,
370:
458:. With his rival defeated, Bruce broke his allegiance to Edward and attacked the English garrisoned at
275:
412:
319:
215:
353:
As Earl Donald's earldom bordered the Garioch and since he held lands in the lordship as Balliol's
490:
387:
223:
226:, was too young to take the throne at this time, but four years later in 1290, she was brought to
1216:
852:
Nation, 311-2; Brown, "Aristocratic Politics and the Crisis of Scottish Kingship, 1286–96," 11-5.
788:
Nation, ed. William F. Skene, trans. Felix J. H. Skene (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1872),
428:
267:
157:
111:
971:
432:
424:
629:
598:
575:
555:
181:
604:
While Robert the Bruce did remarry to Elizabeth de Burgh and fathered a young son with her,
497:
and the twelve-year-old Marjorie and were taken alive and held hostage for nearly a decade.
605:
482:
451:
436:
191:(died 1316), who was born in about 1296. Robert and Isabella's daughter, Marjorie, married
554:
Bruce fought another seven hard years for his family and crown, culminating in the famous
523:
in her life and after her death she may be a spectacle and eternal reproach to travellers.
202:
Six years after Isabella's death in childbirth, Robert Bruce VII married his second wife,
8:
407:
481:
until it was safe. They lived there briefly for a few months until September 1306, when
286:'s claim to the throne, Domhnall found a natural ally in Clan Bruce. As the chronicler,
806:
514:
494:
203:
801:
Michael Brown, "Aristocratic Politics and the Crisis of Scottish Kingship, 1286–96,"
765:
466:
444:
327:
307:
84:
290:, wrote "all the Comyns and their whole abettors stood by Balliol; but the earls of
1180:
1136:
1096:
641:
563:
536:
478:
311:
239:
142:
138:
77:
49:
45:
1199:
1155:
1115:
822:
Brown, "Aristocratic Politics and the Crisis of Scottish Kingship, 1286–96," 4-14.
1072:
759:
580:
532:
501:
486:
459:
440:
403:
315:
247:
150:
30:
970:, ed. Matthew Of Westminster, trans. C. D. Yonge (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853),
831:
Brown, "Aristocratic Politics and the Crisis of Scottish Kingship, 1286–96," 13.
1184:
1100:
609:
509:
383:
379:
295:
287:
188:
89:
48:, as depicted in the 1562 Forman Armorial. The armorial depicts her husband as
39:
1165:
1140:
1077:
645:
1210:
1125:
630:"The Welsh Wife of Malcolm, Earl of Fife (d.1266): An Alternative Suggestion"
470:
416:
230:, where she died at 7 years old. What followed was Scotland's most notorious
469:. To keep his family out of Edward's hands, Bruce sent word to his brother,
593:
342:
283:
279:
504:. This cage was likely designed for the same purpose as the one made for
334:
303:
291:
169:
848:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013), 197-203; John of Fordun,
810:
528:
243:
177:
1023:
258:
546:
455:
271:
219:
173:
101:
789:
543:, where she lived in virtual isolation for the next seven years.
391:
338:
96:
262:
A late eighteenth century portrait of Robert I by Edward Harding
354:
227:
972:
https://archive.org/details/flowershistorye01parigoog/page/n6
141:. Isabella died before her husband was crowned (as Robert I)
374:
A depiction of Marjorie Bruce on her tomb in Paisley Abbey.
160:(died 1297 - 1302) and Helen (died after 1295), widow of
134:
234:, one that eventually led to Bruce's ascension and the
365:
919:
Robert Bruce: Our Most Valiant Prince, King and Lord
586:
246:. The fate of Isabella, her kingdom, and the future
477:requesting that they take Marjorie and his wife to
395:birth was not unusual, Isabella's death during her
270:, was seeking a strong ally that could protect his
1164:
1124:
1076:
253:
137:c. 1277 – 12 December 1296) was the first wife of
184:(died c.1302), and a sister of Robert Bruce VII.
164:. Isabella's father was evidently an adherent of
1208:
1022:(Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Company, 1867),
145:. She and her husband were the grandparents of
209:
1126:"Robert I [Robert Bruce] (1274–1329)"
974:00/mode/2up (accessed November 5, 2021), 589.
1179:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1135:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1095:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
574:and hero of Bannockburn—in his stead to the
399:pregnancy was premature, even for the time.
266:At around the same time, Isabella's father,
758:Barrell, Andrew D. M. (18 September 2000).
1057:John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish
1008:John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish
850:John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish
786:John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish
38:
863:Daily Lives of Women in Chaucer's England
545:
369:
257:
1176:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1132:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1092:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
757:
627:
423:, and winning substantial victories at
1209:
195:, and their son eventually reigned as
531:, was held in a similar cage outside
892:Edwards, "Motherhood," 8-9; Barrow,
628:Hurlock, Kathryn (28 October 2009).
921:(Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2006), 92-108.
861:Jennifer Edwards, "Motherhood," in
550:16th century depiction of Robert II
415:. Edward saw the creation of this "
366:Robert the Bruce and Marjorie Bruce
193:Walter Stewart, Steward of Scotland
13:
1024:https://www.google.com/books/editi
994:, 229-233; Cannon and Hargreaves,
813:(accessed October 30, 2021), 4-14.
218:was found dead on the shores near
14:
1253:
1012:Robert Bruce and the Community of
988:Robert Bruce and the Community of
952:Robert Bruce and the Community of
938:, 200-15; Cannon and Hargreaves,
932:Robert Bruce and the Community of
911:Robert Bruce and the Community of
894:Robert Bruce and the Community of
842:Robert Bruce and the Community of
621:
587:Robert II and the Stewart Dynasty
172:. The close relationship between
166:Robert Bruce V, Lord of Annandale
139:Robert Bruce VII, Earl of Carrick
78:Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick
1232:Scottish people of Welsh descent
1041:The Kings and Queens of Britain.
996:The Kings and Queens of Britain.
250:all hinged on these two houses.
168:(died 1295), a man who staked a
1053:The Kings and Queens of Britain
1045:
1029:
1000:
977:
961:
944:
940:The Kings and Queens of Britain
924:
903:
886:
877:
868:
855:
834:
825:
816:
795:
778:
254:Clan Mar and the House of Bruce
803:The Scottish Historical Review
790:https://www.google.com/books/e
764:. Cambridge University Press.
751:
739:
723:
711:
699:
687:
671:
659:
634:The Scottish Historical Review
452:Chapel of Greyfriars Monastery
1:
1018:; 394-400; William Anderson,
615:
421:Scottish Wars of Independence
386:was far from uncommon in the
236:Scottish Wars of Independence
156:Isabella was the daughter of
69:12 December 1296 (aged 18–19)
1200:UK public library membership
1166:"Donald, sixth earl of Mar (
1156:UK public library membership
1116:UK public library membership
1039:513; Cannon and Hargreaves,
278:. Domhnall claimed that the
170:claim to the Scottish throne
162:Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
123:Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
7:
1237:13th-century Scottish women
1163:Paton, H; Reid, NH (2004).
610:next in line for the throne
197:Robert II, King of Scotland
147:Robert II, King of Scotland
10:
1258:
1222:People from Marr, Scotland
1065:
865:(Forthcoming ABC-Clio), 9.
322:—and also the grandson of
44:Isabella and her husband,
883:Edwards, "Motherhood," 9.
874:Edwards, "Motherhood," 9.
646:10.3366/e0036924109000900
601:, was alive and healthy.
117:
107:
95:
83:
73:
65:
57:
37:
28:
23:
917:, 95-110; Colm McNamee,
572:High Steward of Scotland
491:Uilleam II, Earl of Ross
1162:
1122:
1071:
1051:Cannon and Hargreaves,
1010:Nation, 311-2; Barrow,
745:
733:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
677:
665:
384:Death during childbirth
268:Domhnall I, Earl of Mar
158:Domhnall I, Earl of Mar
149:, founder of the Royal
112:Domhnall I, Earl of Mar
1185:10.1093/ref:odnb/18020
1101:10.1093/ref:odnb/49411
1059:Nation, 311-2, 369-71.
984:The Flowers of History
551:
525:
375:
359:
276:John Comyn of Badenoch
263:
1141:10.1093/ref:odnb/3754
576:Anglo-Scottish border
556:Battle of Bannockburn
549:
520:
373:
351:
337:laid the lordship of
328:5th Lord of Annandale
261:
1242:Deaths in childbirth
1170:. in or after 1297)"
1123:Barrow, GWS (2008).
1037:The Scottish Nation,
437:Guardian of Scotland
1227:Scottish countesses
308:diplomatic marriage
31:Countess of Carrick
18:Countess of Carrick
1055:; John of Fordun,
986:, 584-93; Barrow,
682:Paton; Reid (2004)
666:Paton; Reid (2004)
552:
515:Flores Historiarum
433:oath of allegiance
376:
264:
232:succession dispute
224:Margaret of Norway
216:King Alexander III
204:Elizabeth de Burgh
1198:(Subscription or
1154:(Subscription or
1114:(Subscription or
1078:"Stewart family (
1016:Realm of Scotland
992:Realm of Scotland
956:Realm of Scotland
936:Realm of Scotland
915:Realm of Scotland
898:Realm of Scotland
846:Realm of Scotland
840:G. W. S. Barrow,
805:90 (2011): 1–26,
771:978-0-521-58602-3
761:Medieval Scotland
560:Humphrey de Bohun
527:Marjorie's aunt,
518:, Edward ordered:
467:Battle of Methven
210:The "Great Cause"
174:Domhnall's family
128:
127:
1249:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1172:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1128:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1088:
1060:
1049:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1006:John of Fordun,
1004:
998:
981:
975:
965:
959:
948:
942:
928:
922:
907:
901:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
859:
853:
838:
832:
829:
823:
820:
814:
799:
793:
784:John of Fordun,
782:
776:
775:
755:
749:
743:
737:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
675:
669:
663:
657:
656:
654:
652:
625:
564:Earl of Hereford
506:Isabella MacDuff
479:Kildrummy Castle
312:Robert the Bruce
240:House of Balliol
143:King of Scotland
121:Helen, widow of
50:King of Scotland
46:Robert the Bruce
42:
21:
20:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1068:
1063:
1050:
1046:
1034:
1030:
1005:
1001:
982:
978:
966:
962:
949:
945:
929:
925:
908:
904:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
860:
856:
839:
835:
830:
826:
821:
817:
800:
796:
783:
779:
772:
756:
752:
744:
740:
728:
724:
716:
712:
704:
700:
692:
688:
676:
672:
664:
660:
650:
648:
626:
622:
618:
589:
533:Roxburgh Castle
502:Tower of London
495:Queen Elizabeth
487:Prince of Wales
460:Dumfries Castle
441:William Wallace
368:
316:Earl of Carrick
256:
248:Stewart dynasty
212:
151:House of Stuart
131:Isabella of Mar
53:
24:Isabella of Mar
19:
12:
11:
5:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:House of Bruce
1205:
1204:
1160:
1120:
1086:.1110–c.1350)"
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1044:
1028:
999:
976:
960:
943:
923:
902:
885:
876:
867:
854:
833:
824:
815:
794:
777:
770:
750:
738:
722:
710:
698:
686:
670:
658:
640:(2): 352–355.
619:
617:
614:
588:
585:
568:Walter Stewart
510:Berwick Castle
475:Earl of Atholl
439:at that time,
380:Marjorie Bruce
367:
364:
335:Earldom of Mar
324:Robert de Brus
288:John of Fordun
255:
252:
244:House of Bruce
211:
208:
126:
125:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
93:
92:
90:Marjorie Bruce
87:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1254:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1201:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
973:
969:
964:
957:
953:
947:
941:
937:
933:
927:
920:
916:
912:
906:
899:
895:
889:
880:
871:
864:
858:
851:
847:
843:
837:
828:
819:
812:
808:
804:
798:
791:
787:
781:
773:
767:
763:
762:
754:
747:
746:Barrow (2008)
742:
735:
734:Barrow (2004)
731:
730:Barrow (2008)
726:
719:
718:Barrow (2004)
714:
707:
706:Barrow (2004)
702:
695:
694:Barrow (2008)
690:
683:
679:
678:Barrow (2008)
674:
667:
662:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
620:
613:
611:
607:
602:
600:
595:
584:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
548:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
524:
519:
517:
516:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:, and to the
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Auld Alliance
414:
409:
408:King Edward's
405:
400:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
372:
363:
358:
356:
350:
348:
347:John Hastings
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
320:King of Scots
317:
313:
309:
305:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
260:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
207:
206:(died 1327).
205:
200:
199:(died 1390).
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
98:
94:
91:
88:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1188:. Retrieved
1174:
1167:
1144:. Retrieved
1130:
1104:. Retrieved
1090:
1083:
1079:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
967:
963:
955:
951:
946:
939:
935:
931:
926:
918:
914:
910:
905:
897:
893:
888:
879:
870:
862:
857:
849:
845:
841:
836:
827:
818:
802:
797:
785:
780:
760:
753:
741:
725:
713:
701:
689:
673:
661:
649:. Retrieved
637:
633:
623:
603:
594:Renfrewshire
590:
553:
526:
521:
513:
499:
464:
449:
401:
396:
388:medieval age
377:
360:
352:
343:John Balliol
332:
300:
284:John Balliol
265:
222:. His heir,
213:
201:
186:
155:
130:
129:
29:
15:
1073:Barrow, GWS
539:convent in
318:and future
1211:Categories
1202:required.)
1190:2 December
1158:required.)
1146:20 January
1118:required.)
1035:Anderson,
958:, 214-230.
616:References
537:Gilbertine
529:Mary Bruce
413:the French
599:Robert II
570:—the 6th
483:Edward II
1075:(2004).
950:Barrow,
930:Barrow,
909:Barrow,
811:23073564
606:David II
583:merged.
456:Dumfries
404:Carlisle
242:and the
220:Kinghorn
189:Marjorie
182:Gartnait
176:and the
102:Clan Mar
1066:Sources
651:20 June
581:Stewart
445:Falkirk
425:Berwick
392:Norwich
339:Garioch
61:c. 1277
1196:
1152:
1112:
1106:5 July
900:, 200.
809:
768:
562:, 4th
541:Watton
429:Dunbar
411:enemy—
355:vassal
314:, the
296:Atholl
280:Comyns
228:Orkney
178:Bruces
118:Mother
108:Father
74:Spouse
807:JSTOR
397:first
97:House
85:Issue
1192:2015
1148:2014
1108:2011
1014:the
990:the
954:the
934:the
913:the
896:the
844:the
766:ISBN
653:2022
471:Neil
427:and
345:and
294:and
272:clan
66:Died
58:Born
1181:doi
1137:doi
1097:doi
1080:per
642:doi
454:in
306:of
304:age
292:Mar
135:fl.
1213::
1173:.
1129:.
1089:.
1082:.
732:;
680:;
638:88
636:.
632:.
485:,
326:,
153:.
1194:.
1183::
1168:d
1150:.
1139::
1110:.
1099::
1084:c
774:.
748:.
736:.
720:.
708:.
696:.
684:.
668:.
655:.
644::
133:(
52:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
