1555:
1242:
30:
1554:
1614:
1365:
1426:
3365:
3375:
1823:
1200:
1859:
Chularatchamontri. Provincial
Islamic Councils (คณะกรรมการอิสลามประจำจังหวัด) exist in the provinces that had substantial Muslim minorities. There are other links between the government and the Muslim community, including government financial assistance to Islamic education institutions, assistance with construction of some of the larger mosques, and the funding of pilgrimages by Thai Muslims to
1596:
2889:
1795:
beliefs and practices, as in other Asian countries like
Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia. The Ministry of Culture's Islamic Department gives awards to Muslims who have contributed to the promotion and development of Thai life in their roles as citizens, as educators and as social
1643:
in Thai, although most Chin Haw are not
Muslims. Some historians believe that the name Chin Haw can be explained to be a combination of "Chin" (China) and "Ho" (Hui). The Chin Haw thus can be seen as traders and émigrés who carried with them Hui traditions from China. One of the best known Chinese
1850:
to the office. Pursuant to the current
Islamic Organ Administration Act, BE 2540 (1997), Chularatchamontri is appointed by the king upon advice of the prime minister. He has the authority to administer all Islamic affairs in the nation and to provide advice on Islamic affairs to governmental
1858:
There is also a
Central Islamic Council of Thailand (คณะกรรมการกลางอิสลามแห่งประเทศไทย) (CICOT) (กอท.), consisting of at least five councillors appointed by the king. The CICOT advises the Minister of Education and the Minister of Interior on Islamic matters. Its presiding officer is
1481:
Many Thai
Muslims are ethnically and linguistically Thai, who are either hereditary Muslims, Muslims by intermarriage, or recent converts to the faith. Ethnic Thai Muslims live mainly in the central and southern provinces - varying from entire Muslim communities to mixed settlements.
1269:
survey gave 7%. Thai
Muslims are the largest religious minority in the country. As of 2024, there are approximately 7.5 million Thai Muslims in the Kingdom or about 12% of the total 62.5 million Thai populations. .
3330:
2660:
1788:
is a symbolic reminder of the historical presence of Islam in the country. It also represents an annual opportunity to reaffirm
Muslims' status as Thai citizens and their allegiance to the monarchy.
1410:, and there were Muslims working for the Siamese Royal Governments throughout the eras. This culture of tolerance in Siam and later Thailand resulted in the great diversity of Islam in Thailand.
1564:
In the three southernmost border provinces, the vast majority of the local Muslim population is predominantly Malay, amounting to about 80 percent of the region's population. Thai Malays speak
2746:
2062:
2196:
1241:
1309:' research indicates that only 18 percent of Thai Muslims live in those four provinces. There are also significant minority of Muslims in other southern provinces such as
2588:
1250:
2483:
3304:
2776:
2243:
1417:
is mostly a war based on ethnicity, as Malays in the region have sought to separate from
Thailand, although extremist Muslim groups are involved in the conflict.
2089:
1855:
is implemented in the four southern provinces with Muslim majorities, where it applies only in cases concerning family and inheritance among Muslim residents.
1814:. According to the Religious Affairs Department (RAD), 99 percent of the mosques are associated with Sunni Islam with the remaining one percent Shi'i Islam.
2702:
1972:
1265:, with statistics in 2006, suggesting 4.9% of the population are Muslim. Figures as high as 5% of Thailand's population have also been mentioned. A 2023
3501:
1245:
3411:
108:
2661:"CPRI 06: Burmese-Muslim Social Networks in the Borderland – RCSD : The Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development"
1575:
The high number of Malay origin inhabitants in the southern region is due to the historical nature of the area, which contains parts of the
2754:
2607:
Encyclopedia of
Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities
1510:
2300:
1131:
2540:
1228:
2804:
2719:
1851:
agencies. Chularatchamontri vacates his office upon death, resignation and removal by the king upon the advice of the prime minister.
2200:
1874:
Thailand also maintains several hundred Islamic schools at the primary and secondary levels, as well as Islamic banks, including the
782:
2180:
1796:
workers. In Bangkok, the Ngarn Mawlid Klang main festival is a vibrant showcase for the Thai Muslim community and their lifestyles.
2153:
3279:
2456:
1810:
According to the National Statistics Office of Thailand in 2007, the country had 3494 mosques, with the largest number, 636, in
29:
2920:
1306:
2977:
270:
2685:
2615:
2586:
2524:
1151:
93:
3496:
3340:
3004:
1101:
3404:
2484:"Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam"
2250:
1773:
Generally believers of the Islamic faith in Thailand follow certain customs and traditions associated with traditional
113:
1671:
As well as being home to many Chinese Muslims, Northern Thailand is home to many Burmese and mixed Chinese-Burmese or
1664:
are found in Thailand's refugee camps, rural fishing villages, as well as in many small towns and cities close to the
3254:
2571:
2418:
2109:
2046:
2017:
597:
3486:
3606:
3575:
3299:
2939:
2038:
1494:
852:
697:
2700:
1221:
772:
1633:
In the far north, as well as in select central and southern urban areas, there are pockets of Thai Muslims of
3616:
3543:
3513:
3397:
2922:
What is it Like to be Muslim in Thailand? A case study of Thailand through Muslim professionals' perspectives
2790:
1126:
792:
632:
2832:"Islam and Democracy in Thailand: Reforming the Office of the Chularajamontri/Shaikh al-Islam of Thailand"
1765:
performances subsidised by the king. There are Muslims of Persian origin that reside in the Bangkok area.
2898:
2435:"ŕ¸Šŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸•ŕš ŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸œŕ¸Ľŕ¸‡ŕ¸˛ŕ¸™ŕ¸šŕ¸´ŕšŠŕ¸ ŕ¸šŕ¸ąŕ¸‡ : ŕ¸'ŕšˆŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸ ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕš€ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸‡"
1901:
1805:
1352:
made up 24 percent of the total population, while less than three percent in other parts of the country.
1049:
867:
2313:
1376:
3639:
3089:
2387:
2362:
1713:
as well as the deep south. In the 1700s and 1800s Vietnam and Cambodia-based Chams settled in Bangkok.
1672:
797:
410:
128:
3644:
3548:
3506:
3335:
2967:
2904:
1891:
1414:
1214:
1161:
1106:
1096:
1059:
2275:
2139:
1784:
For Thai Muslims, like their co-religionists in Southeast Asia's other Buddhist-majority countries,
3538:
3294:
3199:
3021:
2997:
2009:
1875:
1171:
972:
967:
542:
2962:
1911:
233:
1493:
is an example of an indigenous Thai Muslim. Sonthi is of remote Persian ancestry. His ancestor,
3558:
2548:
1729:
1696:
1565:
1141:
932:
712:
168:
2729:
2605:
2514:
3553:
3460:
3249:
3214:
3169:
2675:
2345:
2327:
1930:
1277:, although Thailand has a diverse population that includes immigrants from around the world.
625:
592:
552:
295:
285:
73:
2864:
2001:
3565:
3455:
3450:
3428:
3420:
3139:
3134:
3029:
1947:
1751:
According to a 1685 account of a Persian diplomat as well as notes of the French traveller
1518:
1490:
1441:
Thailand's Muslim population is diverse, with ethnic groups having migrated from as far as
1399:
1322:
1146:
1039:
777:
707:
642:
470:
465:
355:
300:
173:
103:
8:
3580:
3319:
3259:
3234:
3149:
3129:
3079:
3049:
3039:
2990:
2178:
2002:
1725:
1649:
1407:
1302:
1266:
1009:
962:
942:
682:
602:
577:
482:
455:
405:
375:
365:
280:
240:
213:
198:
153:
88:
1878:, shops and other institutions. Much of Thailand's packaged food is tested and labelled
1637:(ethnic Chinese Muslim) origin. Most Chinese Muslims belong to a group of people called
260:
3345:
3224:
3219:
3099:
2839:
2808:
2127:
2115:
1745:
1529:
1091:
1002:
937:
807:
752:
722:
637:
562:
557:
537:
425:
415:
218:
1835:
3590:
3585:
3374:
3289:
3194:
3174:
3164:
3064:
2784:
2681:
2611:
2520:
2460:
2414:
2119:
2105:
2042:
2013:
1839:
1607:
1584:
1502:
1349:
1310:
1136:
1121:
1064:
1024:
1019:
987:
857:
787:
762:
737:
692:
677:
647:
532:
512:
507:
502:
390:
335:
310:
143:
138:
118:
83:
68:
2215:
3264:
3179:
3159:
3044:
3034:
2725:
2097:
1896:
1827:
1811:
1684:
1403:
1298:
1186:
1084:
1054:
1044:
992:
952:
912:
907:
902:
892:
882:
877:
872:
862:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
802:
742:
717:
702:
657:
607:
517:
492:
370:
360:
320:
290:
275:
255:
245:
228:
223:
188:
183:
133:
78:
53:
21:
3309:
3244:
3209:
3144:
3124:
3114:
3074:
3059:
3054:
2957:
2706:
2592:
2575:
2184:
1906:
1741:
1661:
1579:, an Islamic Malay kingdom established in the 19th century, but later annexed to
1522:
1486:
1406:
served as eunuchs in the Thai palace and court. Thailand, as Siam, was known for
1326:
1181:
1034:
1014:
997:
982:
977:
957:
927:
922:
897:
887:
820:
757:
747:
727:
667:
662:
652:
587:
572:
477:
450:
440:
400:
385:
380:
330:
325:
265:
203:
163:
58:
46:
2222:
3350:
3269:
3229:
3204:
3184:
3119:
3094:
3084:
3069:
2634:
1576:
1569:
1533:
1318:
1314:
1290:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1069:
1029:
947:
917:
732:
672:
612:
567:
547:
522:
497:
460:
445:
420:
395:
305:
250:
193:
178:
158:
148:
123:
63:
3633:
3368:
3189:
3154:
3109:
3104:
3013:
2893:
2434:
2101:
1977:
1645:
1537:
1506:
1430:
1395:
Muslim merchant communities resided in Thailand as early as the 9th century.
1294:
1116:
1111:
767:
687:
527:
487:
435:
430:
348:
315:
208:
98:
1847:
3611:
2350:
2332:
1603:
1204:
2569:
1613:
3465:
3445:
3378:
1752:
1558:
1549:
1514:
1470:
1466:
1425:
1274:
2843:
2831:
1364:
1348:
According to the National Statistics Office, in 2015 census, Muslims in
3389:
2541:"Bangkok Post - General news - Yawi-Thai dictionary brings ray of hope"
1761:
1756:
1634:
1627:
1454:
2747:"Celebrating the Prophet Muhammad's birthday in Thailand - The Nation"
2603:
2063:"Most people in the countries surveyed identify as Buddhist or Muslim"
3437:
1822:
1733:
1717:
1462:
1334:
2004:
Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures: Family, Law and Politics
1587:. Similarly, there is an ethnic Thai minority in northern Malaysia.
1285:
Popular opinion seems to hold that a vast majority of the country's
3481:
2972:
2276:"สรุปผลการสํารวจการเข??ารวมก ?? จกรรมทางว ิ ัฒนธรรม พ.ศ. 2548"
1843:
1709:
since 15th century, who can be found between the mutual border and
1676:
1639:
1623:
1618:
1599:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1434:
1342:
1338:
1305:, where they make up majority of the population. However, the Thai
1262:
2952:
2892:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1868:
1864:
1710:
1706:
1680:
1665:
1330:
35:
2982:
1675:
peoples. The Burmese Muslim community lives along the border of
3518:
2604:
Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember; Ian Skoggard (30 November 2004).
1852:
1785:
1778:
1286:
2944:
1879:
1860:
1774:
1737:
1721:
1702:
1595:
1442:
1258:
1792:
1580:
2677:
Islam in Modern Thailand: Faith, Philanthropy and Politics
1333:, large Muslim populations are found in districts such as
3491:
2346:
Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times
2328:
Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times
2035:
Self-determination and Women's Rights in Muslim Societies
1498:
2610:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 121–.
2958:"The Muslim Fishermen of Phang Nga" by Antonio Graceffo
2741:
2739:
1289:
are found in Thailand's four southernmost provinces of
2516:
Klongs-Thai Waterways & Reflections of Her People
2736:
1501:, was an Iranian expatriate trader who lived in the
1469:, while about two-thirds of Muslims in Thailand are
2158:
Royal Thai Embassy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2090:"Muslims as Thailand's Largest Religious Minority"
2268:
2033:Raghavan, Chitra; Levine, James P., eds. (2012).
1973:"Thailand's southern insurgency: No end in sight"
1834:Chularatchamontri (จุฬาราชมนตรี) is the title of
1505:for 26 years. Many Thais, including those of the
3631:
2779:. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014.
2512:
1768:
2635:"Thailand sends Rohingya Muslims back to Burma"
2301:History and Politics of the Muslims in Thailand
2244:"Population by religion, region and area, 2015"
1999:
1967:
1965:
1759:community in Thailand at the time, with ritual
2597:
2032:
2000:Joseph, Suad; Naǧmābādī, Afsāna, eds. (2003).
1791:The Islamic faith in Thailand, often reflects
3405:
2998:
2094:Routledge Handbook of Islam in Southeast Asia
1838:in Thailand. The title was first used in the
1280:
1222:
2978:Papers on Islam in Thailand by Imtiyaz Yusuf
2918:
2865:"The Application of Islamic Law in Thailand"
2363:"The Muslim Insurgency in Southern Thailand"
1962:
1690:
1568:, which is in a different language from the
2314:Islam in Thailand Before the Bangkok Period
1817:
1513:families trace their ancestry back to him.
3412:
3398:
3005:
2991:
2236:
1517:was a princess of the royal family of the
1229:
1215:
2667:
2506:
2481:
1683:and are known as 'Bamroon' who speak the
1420:
3419:
2717:
1821:
1701:Other represented groups include Muslim
1655:
1612:
1594:
1553:
1424:
1240:
2730:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.003.0047
2408:
2008:(illustrated ed.). BRILL. p.
3632:
1476:
3393:
2986:
2945:The First Islamic Website in Thailand
2829:
2777:"Celebrating Mawlid (Maulidur Rasul)"
2674:Brown, Rajeswary Ampalavanar (2013).
2673:
2629:
2627:
2087:
2457:"Siam Media News - ÊÂÒÁÁÕà´ÕÂ ¹ÔÇÊì"
1799:
1359:
2721:Islamic Societies in Southeast Asia
13:
2912:
2718:Woodward, Mark (26 October 2006).
2624:
1948:"US Department of State, Thailand"
1924:
1755:, there was a substantial Persian
1590:
14:
3656:
3012:
2933:
2869:Institute of Developing Economies
2513:Pamela Hamburger (9 March 2017).
2482:Woodhouse, Leslie (Spring 2012).
1485:Former Commander-in-Chief of the
3487:Thai temple art and architecture
3373:
3364:
3363:
2887:
1543:
1363:
1198:
783:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
109:Democratic Republic of the Congo
28:
2919:Putthongchai, Songsiri (2013).
2857:
2823:
2797:
2769:
2711:
2694:
2653:
2580:
2563:
2533:
2475:
2459:. Siammedia.org. Archived from
2449:
2427:
2402:
2380:
2355:
2337:
2319:
2306:
2293:
2199:. thai2arab.com. Archived from
2189:
2039:University Press of New England
3331:British Indian Ocean Territory
2172:
2146:
2081:
2055:
2026:
1993:
1940:
1871:being primary gateway cities.
1:
2519:. Booksmango. pp. 119–.
1917:
1769:Distinctiveness of Thai Islam
1724:and South Asians (especially
2367:Council on Foreign Relations
2303:. Thammasat University. p. 7
2299:Aphornsuvan, Thanet (2003).
1660:Ethnic groups including the
7:
2940:Islamic Schools in Thailand
2724:. Oxford Handbooks Online.
2413:. IRASEC (Silkworm Books).
1902:List of mosques in Thailand
1885:
1806:List of mosques in Thailand
1602:walking inside a mosque in
1402:Thailand, Muslims from the
1307:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
3661:
2963:Global Security - Thailand
1803:
1694:
1547:
1355:
1281:Demographics and geography
3599:
3531:
3474:
3436:
3427:
3359:
3318:
3278:
3020:
2905:Federal Research Division
2789:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2680:. Routledge. p. 19.
2488:Women's Camera Work: Asia
1892:South Thailand insurgency
1691:Other Asian Muslim groups
1525:took her as a concubine.
3080:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2591:20 February 2012 at the
2409:Gilquin, Michel (2002).
2312:Scupin, Raymond (1980).
2183:31 December 2010 at the
2102:10.4324/9780429275449-16
1876:Islamic Bank of Thailand
1818:Governance and education
1536:, Rama VIII, toured the
1152:Northern Mariana Islands
94:Central African Republic
3341:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2973:Hidayatuddeneyah Mosque
2928:. University of Exeter.
2830:Yusuf, Imtiyaz (1998).
2411:The Muslims of Thailand
2088:Yusuf, Imtiyaz (2022).
1912:Hidayatuddeneyah Mosque
1465:, as well as including
1261:is a minority faith in
1102:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3559:Thailand Bible Society
2343:Peletz (2009), p. 73
2325:Peletz (2009), p. 73
1846:(1611–1628) appointed
1831:
1732:and Bangladeshis) and
1697:Pakistanis in Thailand
1630:
1610:
1566:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
1561:
1438:
1421:Ethnicity and identity
1273:Most Thai Muslims are
1255:
853:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2574:29 April 2015 at the
2249:. NSO. Archived from
1825:
1716:Other groups include
1656:Burmese Muslim groups
1616:
1598:
1557:
1548:Further information:
1428:
1244:
773:Saint Kitts and Nevis
271:São Tomé and Príncipe
114:Republic of the Congo
3421:Religion in Thailand
3255:United Arab Emirates
2751:nationmultimedia.com
2223:"Muslim in Thailand"
2154:"Muslim in Thailand"
2096:. pp. 234–249.
1736:Muslims, especially
1519:Sultanate of Singora
1491:Sonthi Boonyaratglin
1413:Malay separatism in
598:United Arab Emirates
34:World percentage of
3607:Freedom of religion
3282:limited recognition
2705:14 May 2009 at the
2281:. Service.nso.go.th
2256:on 10 December 2017
2203:on 13 February 2012
2067:Pew Research Center
1650:Chiang Mai Province
1477:Ethnic Thai Muslims
1408:religious tolerance
1267:Pew Research Center
793:Trinidad and Tobago
633:Antigua and Barbuda
2641:. 13 February 2014
2463:on 3 December 2013
2437:. Tnews.teenee.com
2069:. 6 September 2023
1935:The World Factbook
1832:
1705:, originally from
1631:
1611:
1562:
1530:Bhumibol Adulyadej
1439:
1375:. You can help by
1256:
698:Dominican Republic
3640:Islam in Thailand
3627:
3626:
3591:Yao folk religion
3586:Tai folk religion
3527:
3526:
3514:Supreme Patriarch
3387:
3386:
3324:other territories
2953:Islam in Thailand
2687:978-1-134-58389-8
2617:978-0-306-48321-9
2551:on 5 October 2009
2526:978-616-245-033-4
1840:Ayutthaya Kingdom
1800:Places of worship
1673:Pakistani-Burmese
1608:Northern Thailand
1585:Ayutthaya Kingdom
1503:Ayutthaya Kingdom
1393:
1392:
1350:Southern Thailand
1239:
1238:
129:Equatorial Guinea
3652:
3645:Islam by country
3434:
3433:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3336:Christmas Island
3022:Sovereign states
3007:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2951:
2929:
2927:
2908:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2807:. Archived from
2801:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2757:on 12 April 2018
2753:. Archived from
2743:
2734:
2733:
2715:
2709:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:. Archived from
2537:
2531:
2530:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2390:. Lcweb2.loc.gov
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2359:
2353:
2341:
2335:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2290:
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2208:
2193:
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2131:
2123:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:. 2 January 2016
1969:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1928:
1897:Islam by country
1828:Darunaman Mosque
1812:Pattani Province
1685:Burmese language
1583:since the early
1404:Coromandel Coast
1388:
1385:
1367:
1360:
1254:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1205:Islam portal
1203:
1202:
1201:
1162:Papua New Guinea
1127:Marshall Islands
1097:Christmas Island
1060:Northern Ireland
32:
22:Islam by country
18:
17:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3595:
3532:Other religions
3523:
3497:List of temples
3470:
3423:
3418:
3388:
3383:
3355:
3323:
3314:
3295:Northern Cyprus
3281:
3274:
3016:
3011:
2949:
2936:
2925:
2915:
2913:Further reading
2900:Country Studies
2897:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2811:on 27 July 2019
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2707:Wayback Machine
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2197:"thai2arab.com"
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2185:Wayback Machine
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2112:
2086:
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2049:
2041:. p. 171.
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2020:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1907:Pattani Kingdom
1888:
1882:if applicable.
1836:Shaykh al-Islām
1820:
1808:
1802:
1771:
1699:
1693:
1658:
1593:
1591:Chinese Muslims
1552:
1546:
1528:In 1946 Prince
1523:Rama II of Siam
1487:Royal Thai Army
1479:
1423:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1373:needs expansion
1358:
1283:
1248:
1235:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1172:Solomon Islands
1087:
1077:
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973:North Macedonia
823:
813:
812:
628:
618:
617:
351:
341:
340:
49:
39:
12:
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5:
3658:
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3018:
3017:
3014:Islam in Asia
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2934:External links
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1626:restaurant in
1592:
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1577:Patani Kingdom
1570:Malay language
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2160:. 22 May 2024
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2019:9789004128187
2015:
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1978:The Economist
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3215:Saudi Arabia
2926:(PhD thesis)
2921:
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1848:Sheikh Ahmad
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1467:ethnic Thais
1440:
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1400:early modern
1397:
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1377:adding to it
1372:
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1107:Cook Islands
593:Turkmenistan
582:
553:Saudi Arabia
296:South Africa
286:Sierra Leone
74:Burkina Faso
15:
3544:Catholicism
3507:Art history
3466:Santi Asoke
3461:Kammaṭṭhāna
3446:Maha Nikaya
3379:Asia portal
3280:States with
3200:Philippines
3140:South Korea
3135:North Korea
3030:Afghanistan
2968:islam.in.th
2849:16 November
1950:. State.gov
1853:Islamic law
1753:Guy Tachard
1746:Minangkabau
1718:West Asians
1644:mosques is
1559:Thai Malays
1550:Thai Malays
1515:Sri Sulalai
1471:Thai Malays
1323:Phatthalung
1249: [
1147:New Zealand
1040:Switzerland
968:Netherlands
778:Saint Lucia
708:El Salvador
543:Philippines
471:South Korea
466:North Korea
356:Afghanistan
301:South Sudan
174:Ivory Coast
3634:Categories
3456:Dhammakaya
3260:Uzbekistan
3235:Tajikistan
3150:Kyrgyzstan
3130:Kazakhstan
3050:Bangladesh
3040:Azerbaijan
2874:30 October
2645:25 January
2545:arquivo.pt
2467:2 December
2441:2 December
2394:2 December
2388:"Thailand"
2372:25 January
2285:2 December
2260:10 January
2228:2 November
2207:2 December
1918:References
1842:when King
1734:Indonesian
1730:Pakistanis
1695:See also:
1628:Chiang Mai
1511:Ahmadchula
1455:Bangladesh
1303:Narathiwat
1132:Micronesia
1010:San Marino
963:Montenegro
943:Luxembourg
683:Costa Rica
603:Uzbekistan
578:Tajikistan
483:Kyrgyzstan
456:Kazakhstan
406:East Timor
376:Bangladesh
366:Azerbaijan
281:Seychelles
241:Mozambique
214:Mauritania
199:Madagascar
89:Cape Verde
38:by country
3554:Orthodoxy
3438:Theravada
3346:Hong Kong
3300:Palestine
3225:Sri Lanka
3220:Singapore
3100:Indonesia
2950:(in Thai)
2805:"Mosques"
2138:ignored (
2128:cite book
2120:245974385
1985:3 January
1463:Indonesia
1384:July 2022
1335:Nong Chok
1092:Australia
1003:Tatarstan
938:Lithuania
808:Venezuela
753:Nicaragua
723:Guatemala
638:Argentina
563:Sri Lanka
558:Singapore
538:Palestine
426:Indonesia
416:Hong Kong
219:Mauritius
3566:Hinduism
3482:Mahayana
3429:Buddhism
3369:Category
3290:Abkhazia
3240:Thailand
3195:Pakistan
3175:Mongolia
3170:Maldives
3165:Malaysia
3065:Cambodia
2844:26198065
2815:10 March
2785:cite web
2761:12 April
2703:Archived
2639:BBC News
2589:Archived
2572:Archived
2555:12 April
2181:Archived
1954:25 April
1931:Thailand
1886:See also
1844:Songtham
1742:Javanese
1720:such as
1677:Thailand
1668:border.
1662:Rohingya
1640:Chin Haw
1624:Chin Haw
1619:Khao soi
1600:Chin Haw
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1459:Malaysia
1451:Cambodia
1447:Pakistan
1435:Chin Haw
1343:Bang Rak
1339:Min Buri
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988:Portugal
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788:Suriname
763:Paraguay
738:Honduras
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678:Colombia
648:Barbados
626:Americas
583:Thailand
533:Pakistan
513:Mongolia
508:Maldives
503:Malaysia
391:Cambodia
336:Zimbabwe
311:Tanzania
144:Ethiopia
139:Eswatini
119:Djibouti
84:Cameroon
69:Botswana
3581:Sikhism
3576:Judaism
3265:Vietnam
3180:Myanmar
3160:Lebanon
3090:Georgia
3045:Bahrain
3035:Armenia
1869:Hat Yai
1865:Bangkok
1863:, both
1762:ta'zieh
1726:Indians
1711:Bangkok
1707:Vietnam
1681:Myanmar
1666:Myanmar
1433:of the
1356:History
1331:Bangkok
1299:Pattani
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953:Moldova
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908:Iceland
903:Hungary
893:Germany
883:Finland
878:Estonia
873:Denmark
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863:Croatia
848:Belgium
843:Belarus
838:Austria
833:Andorra
828:Albania
803:Uruguay
743:Jamaica
718:Grenada
703:Ecuador
658:Bolivia
643:Bahamas
608:Vietnam
518:Myanmar
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371:Bahrain
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2164:22 May
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1779:Sufism
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1182:Tuvalu
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1015:Serbia
998:Russia
983:Poland
978:Norway
958:Monaco
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923:Kosovo
898:Greece
888:France
821:Europe
758:Panama
748:Mexico
728:Guyana
668:Canada
663:Brazil
653:Belize
588:Turkey
573:Taiwan
478:Kuwait
451:Jordan
441:Israel
401:Cyprus
386:Brunei
381:Bhutan
331:Zambia
326:Uganda
266:Rwanda
204:Malawi
164:Guinea
154:Gambia
59:Angola
47:Africa
3571:Islam
3351:Macau
3270:Yemen
3230:Syria
3205:Qatar
3185:Nepal
3120:Japan
3095:India
3085:Egypt
3070:China
2840:JSTOR
2836:JSTOR
2279:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
2247:(PDF)
2116:S2CID
1880:halal
1861:Mecca
1775:Islam
1757:Shi'i
1738:Bugis
1722:Arabs
1703:Chams
1679:with
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1443:China
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1259:Islam
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149:Gabon
124:Egypt
64:Benin
3618:more
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3110:Iraq
3105:Iran
2876:2022
2851:2023
2817:2009
2791:link
2763:2018
2682:ISBN
2647:2021
2612:ISBN
2557:2018
2521:ISBN
2500:2015
2469:2013
2443:2013
2415:ISBN
2396:2013
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2287:2013
2262:2018
2230:2012
2209:2013
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2140:help
2106:ISBN
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2043:ISBN
2014:ISBN
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1956:2010
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