3937:, have demonstrated against such attire by wearing revealing fashions and Atatürk badges. The issue is discussed and debated in almost every type of forum – artistic, commercial, cultural, economic, political, and religious. For many citizens of Turkey, women's dress has become the issue that defines whether a Muslim is secularist or religious. In 2010, the Turkish Higher Educational council (YÖK) lifted the ban on headscarves at the universities. Since the start of his presidency, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has drastically increased the amount of religious high schools across Turkey to support his plan on bringing up a more pious generation. However, this push on piousness in school children seems to have had an adverse effect, for there is anecdotal evidence of a notable number of Turkish students from religious high schools admitting their loss of faith in Islamic beliefs, which has caused substantial amount of discussion among politicians and religious clerics.
305:
4648:
2321:
2205:
2418:
2857:), an organization that holds the beliefs that true Turkish culture is a synthesis of the Turks' pre-Islamic traditions and Islam. According to the Hearth, Islam not only constitutes an essential aspect of Turkish culture, but is a force that can be regulated by the state to help socialize the people to be obedient citizens acquiescent to the overall secular order. After the 1980 coup, many of the Hearth's proposals for restructuring schools, colleges, and state broadcasting were adopted. The result was a purge from these state institutions of more than 2,000 intellectuals perceived as espousing leftist ideas incompatible with the Hearth's vision of Turkey's national culture.
6905:– and occasionally other individuals reputed to be pious – were regarded after death as saints having special powers. Veneration of saints (both male and female) and pilgrimages to their shrines and graves represent an important aspect of popular Islam in the country. Folk Islam has continued to embrace such practices although the veneration of saints officially has been discouraged since the 1930s. Plaques posted in various sanctuaries forbid the lighting of candles, the offering of votive objects, and related devotional activities in these places. Modern day Sufi shaykhs with large adherents in Turkey include Shaykh Mehmet Efendi (residing in Istanbul) and
2543:
2951:
2452:
6209:
2789:
2026:
2403:
2518:
1517:
11243:
10344:
4075:
10368:
28:
11253:
10332:
9222:
9011:
10380:
2079:
6999:
6801:
2564:
3925:
Protests by thousands of religious students and some university professors forced several universities to waive enforcement of the dress code. The issue continued to be seriously divisive in the mid-1990s. Throughout the first half of the 1990s, highly educated, articulate but religiously pious women have appeared in public dressed in
Islamic attire that conceals all but their faces and hands. Other women, especially in
4678:
3958:
7013:
6759:
5813:
3798:
2861:
1475:
10356:
4606:
3380:
7071:
the foundation of the republic, was automatically recorded as Muslim, and this label has been passed down to new generations. Therefore, the official number of
Muslims also includes people with no religion; converted from Islam to a different religion than Islam; and anyone who is of a different religion than their parents but hasn't applied for a change of their individual records.
5870:
2478:, secular culture. Unlike in the West, the establishment of secularism in Turkey was not a gradual process of separation of church and state. In the Ottoman Empire, all residents, at least theoretically, had been subject to traditional religious law, and Sunni religious organizations had been part of the state structure. However, the state usually had authority over the
2877:
innumerable religious projects ranging from health centers, child-care facilities, and youth hostels to financial institutions and consumer cooperatives flourished. When the government legalized private broadcasting after 1990, several
Islamic radio stations were organized. In the summer of 1994, the first Islamic television station,
5935:, who altogether constitutes nearly one tenth of the whole population of the country. An estimate for the Turkish Alevi population varies from 3.5 million to 11 million. However it's so hard to estimate a realistic number for Shia population in Turkey since the country doesn't conduct ethnic or religious censuses.
2681:
Although Turkey was secularized at a legal level, religion remained a strong force. After 1950, some political leaders espoused support for programs and policies that appealed to the religiously inclined in an attempt to benefit from a lot of the population's attachment to religion. Such efforts were
7070:
These are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's national ID card, automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Furthermore, anyone who was not officially registered as
Christian or Jewish by the time of
3924:
of
Turkish secularism shocked those men and women who tended to perceive such attire as a symbol of the Islamic traditionalism they rejected. Militant secularists persuaded the Higher Education Council to issue a regulation in 1987 forbidding female university students to cover their heads in class.
3919:
Although intellectual debates on the role of Islam attracted widespread interest, they did not provoke the kind of controversy that erupted over the issue of appropriate attire for Muslim women. During the early 1980s, female college students who were determined to demonstrate their commitment to
2812:
The reintroduction of religion into the school curriculum raised the question of religious higher education. The seculars believed that Islam could be "reformed" if future leaders were trained in state-controlled seminaries. To further this goal, the government in 1949 established a faculty of
6008:
population vary from less than 4 million to more than 12 million according to different sources. It's hard to make a realistic estimate for their population since the
Turkish government has never asked about religious denominations in conducted censuses. Other reasons for this are the secular
2706:
Following the loosening of authoritarian political control in 1946, a large number of people began to openly call for a return to traditional religious practices. During the 1950s, even certain political leaders found it expedient to join religious leaders in advocating more state respect for
2876:
schools in the cities, the establishment of
Islamic centers for research on and conferences about Islam and its role in Turkey, and the establishment of religiously oriented professional and women's journals. The printing of newspapers, the publication of religious books, and the growth of
6965:, Quranist ideas became particularly noticeable, with portions of the youth either leaving Islam or converting to Quranism. There has been significant Quranist scholarship in Turkey, with there being even Quranist theology professors in significant universities, including scholars like
3943:. For the first time, female officers will be able to cover their heads with a headscarf under their police caps. This act was pushed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's Islamist-rooted Justice and Development Party (AKP) that have been pushing for relaxed restrictions on the hijab.
3254:
When collecting tax, all
Turkish citizens are equal. The tax rate is not based on religion. However, through the Diyanet, Turkish citizens are not equal in the use of revenue. The Presidency of Religious Affairs, which has a budget over U.S. $ 2.5 billion in 2012, finance only
2312:(shaykh, or "leader of Islam"), which had ultimate jurisdiction over all the courts in the empire and consequently exercised authority over the interpretation and application of sharia. Legal opinions pronounced by the Şeyhülislam were considered definitive interpretations.
2447:
In 1922, the new nationalist regime abolished the
Ottoman sultanate, as well as the caliphate in 1924 - the religious office that Ottoman sultans had held for four centuries. Thus, for the first time in Islamic history, no ruler claimed spiritual leadership of Islam.
3250:
The
Diyanet is an official state institution established in 1924 and works to provide Quranic education for children, as well as drafting weekly sermons delivered to approximately 85,000 different mosques. Furthermore, the Diyanet employs all of the imams in Turkey.
6009:
tendencies of the Alevi population and oppression by Sunni Islamists, which causes most Alevis to hide their religious identity. However, considering the few conducted reliable surveys, ~10% can be taken as a simplistic estimation. Some people use the term
2803:
The demand for restoration of religious education in public schools began in the late 1940s. The government initially responded by authorizing religious instruction in state schools for those students whose parents requested it. Under the rule of the
7937:
2918:
sociology, and radical Islamist political theory to advocate for a modern Islamic perspective that does not hesitate to criticize societal issues while simultaneously remaining faithful to the ethical values and spiritual dimensions of religion.
2808:
during the 1950s, religious education was made compulsory in secondary schools unless parents made a specific request to have their children excused. Religious education was made compulsory for all primary and secondary school children in 1982.
2642:, and incorporating Turkish into daily calls to prayer. These changes in devotional practices caused widespread criticism among Muslims, which led to a return to the Arabic version of the call to prayer in 1950, after the opposition party
2686:. This gradually led to a polarization of the entire country, which became especially evident in the 1980s, as a new generation of religiously motivated local leaders emerged to challenge the dominance of the secularized political elite.
2753:. The Tijāni became especially militant in confronting the state, damaging monuments to Atatürk to symbolize their opposition to his policy of secularization. This was, however, an isolated incident and only involved one particular
7743:
2673:
The common expectation was that these policies of the 1920s and 1930s would diminish the role of religion in public, which, however, did not occur. As early as 1925, religious grievances were one of the principal causes of the
12076:
2689:
By 1994, slogans promising that a return to Islam would cure economic ills and solve the problems of bureaucratic inefficiencies had enough general appeal to enable avowed religious candidates to win mayoral elections in
7233:
2844:
due to center-right secular leaders perceiving religion as a potential bulwark in their ideological struggle with center-left secular leaders. A small advocacy group that became extremely influential was the
2760:
Simultaneously, some movements, notably the Süleymancı and Nurcular, cooperated with those politicians perceived as supportive of pro-Islamic policies. The Nurcular eventually advocated support for Turkey's
11208:
7941:
2486:, who do not approve of state politics). When the reformers of the early 1920s opted for a secular state, they removed religion from the sphere of public policy and restricted it to exclusively that of
11898:
7710:
7193:
2896:
have played a seminal role in Turkey's religious revival and in the mid-1990s still published, several of the country's most widely circulated religious journals and newspapers, a new phenomenon,
11923:
2399:" of Atatürk's program for remaking Turkey. Whereas Islam had formed the identity of Muslims within the Ottoman Empire, secularism was seen as molding the new Turkish nation and its citizens.
2384:
The withdrawal of Turkey, heir to the Ottoman Empire, as the presumptive leader of the international Muslim community, was symbolic of the change in the government's relationship to Islam.
7514:
7281:
11903:
7488:
7371:
8687:
7735:
8079:
2263:
of orthodox Sunni Muslims, they did not abandon their heterodox beliefs. In contrast, the Safavids eventually conquered Iran, spread their beliefs, and became proponents of orthodox
1970:
While records count the number of Muslims as 78.9%, this is likely to be an overestimation; most surveys estimate lower numbers at around 70%. The most popular school of thought (
7627:
12292:
12066:
4048:
Compared to the Hanbali school of Islam, the Hanafi school of Islam takes a much more liberal take on the religion, allowing for a more lenient interpretation of religious law.
11893:
2923:
intellectuals are harshly critical of Turkey's secular intellectuals, whom they fault for trying to do in Turkey what Western intellectuals did in Europe: substitute worldly
12302:
11622:
2290:. Despite the absence of a formal institutional structure, Sunni religious functionaries continued to play an important political role. In theory, the codified system of
10837:
10833:
8586:
8427:
1959:
school of jurisprudence. The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the later half of the 11th century, when the
8748:
3940:
2466:
Atatürk and his associates abolished certain religious practices and institutions and generally questioned the value of religion, preferring to place their trust in
2358:
was abolished, and the secular power of religious authorities and functionaries was reduced and eventually eliminated. Religious foundations were nationalized, and
12257:
11594:
11182:
7974:
7810:
11599:
10829:
10224:
2710:
A more direct manifestation of the growing reaction against secularism was the revival of the Sufi brotherhoods. Not only did suppressed Sufi orders such as the
2898:
8348:
2907:
10418:
2872:
The state's more tolerant attitude toward Islam encouraged the proliferation of private religious activities, including the construction of new mosques and
2490:, behavior, and faith. Although private observance of religious rituals could continue, religion and religious organization were excluded from public life.
8527:
7679:
11647:
8377:
7170:
11617:
8717:
7397:
12297:
10807:
10798:
8563:
6175:
about 3,300,000. They have 70 mosques in Istanbul and some 300 throughout the country and receive no state funding for their mosques and imams as the
10794:
8999:
8315:
7871:
7565:
12224:
9350:
7510:
7273:
8210:
7480:
7147:
8775:
8122:
7656:
7363:
8148:
2903:
11963:
11682:
10764:
10534:
9887:
8679:
383:
2097:(840). The Abbasids soon shifted their attention towards the East. During the later fragmentation of the Abbasid rule and the rise of their
10050:
9429:
9177:
8977:
8083:
3998:
and a 2013 survey conducted by the Turkish Directorate of Religious Affairs indicates that 77.5% of Turkish Muslims identify themselves as
2981:
Muslim worship Other religions must ensure a financially self-sustaining running and they face administrative obstacles during operation.
2902:(the Islamist intellectual), unaffiliated with the traditional Sufi orders, emerged during the 1980s. Prolific and popular writers such as
2646:
won the elections. Of longer-lasting effect were the regime's measures of prohibiting religious education, restricting the building of new
280:
12141:
7428:
Christiane Bulut: Linguistic Minorities in Turkey and Turkic-Speaking Minorities of the Peripheries, Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden) Forthcoming
7332:
2825:) for the training of imams and preachers. The number of these schools expanded rapidly to over 250 during the 1970s, when the pro-Islam
1406:
7236:["Faith and Religiosity in Turkey" research was published: Have we become religious or secularized?] (in Turkish). indyturk.com.
5367:
3920:
Islam began to cover their heads and necks with scarves and wear long, shape-concealing overcoats. The appearance of these women in the
10023:
9424:
9172:
7588:
1503:
8246:
7780:
7310:
11928:
11803:
10411:
8019:"Les minorités non musulmanes en Turquie : "certains rapports d'ONG parlent d'une logique d'attrition", observe Jean-Paul Burdy"
1057:
9821:
5372:
5362:
3245:
12113:
11157:
9210:
2667:
304:
11291:
10456:
10313:
9455:
9402:
8921:
2805:
10679:
2626:
Atatürk and his colleagues also attempted to "turkify" Islam through official encouragement of practices such as the usage of
545:
12287:
10519:
8957:
8626:
8411:
8309:
7839:
7187:
3978:
is the most populous Islamic sect, comprising about 90% of the Muslims in the country. The most popular school of law is the
3826:
2643:
1426:
368:
8273:
12252:
11218:
10882:
10404:
9333:
9188:
8992:
7589:"An alternative reading of religion and authoritarianism: the new logic between religion and state in the AKP's New Turkey"
7251:
4634:
2757:
of the order. Throughout the 1950s, there were numerous trials of Ticani and other Sufi leaders for anti-state activities.
1376:
8740:
11853:
9780:
9495:
9321:
2818:
8873:
7966:
7802:
4033:) have been the dominant creeds in Turkey due to their widespread acceptance and propagation since the beginning of the
2607:, the replacement of sharia with adapted European legal codes; the closing of religious schools; the abandonment of the
10539:
10271:
9811:
9801:
8925:
8657:
388:
11956:
11675:
11132:
9816:
9763:
9701:
9389:
9372:
9167:
7544:
7096:
5841:
3669:
2727:
872:
8340:
7457:
6859:
where they constitute a significant minority of the population. Larger Alawite communities can also be found in the
11419:
10249:
9934:
9733:
9657:
9445:
8052:
Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis (1979). "Notes et documents sur les Ottomans, les Safavides et la Géorgie, 1516-1521".
7938:"Cem Vakfı Başkanı İzzettin Doğan: Alevilerin oylarını verdiği kişi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'tür | Independent Türkçe"
6984:
6974:
6787:
4241:
4099:
3401:
273:
2670:. As a result of these policies, the Turkish Republic was judged negatively by some sections of the Muslim world.
11743:
11349:
11177:
9929:
9377:
8985:
7424:"The Arabic speaking Alawis of the Çukurova: The transformation of a linguistic into a purely religious minority"
6906:
6176:
3914:
2970:
1598:
1127:
972:
162:
4647:
2204:
11793:
10071:
9768:
9723:
9637:
9615:
9528:
8825:
8800:
8537:
8030:
2746:
1496:
1047:
225:
8370:
7431:
4951:
2830:
12156:
10160:
9877:
9598:
9071:
5442:
4996:
3337:
3229:
3068:
2320:
1401:
9007:
8713:
8559:
7393:
6987:
regularly criticizes and insults Quranists, gives them no recognition and calls them kafirs (disbelievers).
6171:, but also larger cities in the west. It is estimated that Ja'faris make up 4% of the population of Turkey,
2678:, an uprising in southeastern Turkey that may have claimed as many as 30,000 lives before being suppressed.
11949:
11808:
11703:
11668:
10372:
10244:
9939:
9570:
9550:
5237:
4435:
3233:
1067:
907:
7877:. Observatoire de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la Turquie contemporaine. December 2012. Archived from
5452:
12106:
11858:
11556:
11369:
10790:
10199:
9826:
9806:
9728:
9652:
9397:
9203:
4251:
4119:
4114:
4018:
3603:
2259:
Sunni Muslims—for political control of eastern Anatolia. Although the Bektaşi order became accepted as a
2015:
1998:(with an estimated population of around 500,000 to 1 million, or about 10%). There is also a minority of
1860:
1721:
1324:
1142:
266:
7878:
7557:
11813:
11394:
11284:
10967:
10554:
10449:
9922:
9897:
9775:
9625:
9462:
9450:
9316:
5571:
5162:
4454:
4256:
3708:
2177:
2003:
1650:
1072:
685:
403:
2774:
2542:
2429:
12332:
12262:
12247:
12219:
12176:
11213:
10100:
9738:
9718:
9365:
8964:
8171:
4741:
4355:
4124:
3819:
3431:
3389:
3200:
2782:
2184:
2156:
in 1071. The disintegration of the Seljuk dynasty resulted in the rise of subsequent, smaller, rival
1489:
1436:
1381:
1371:
1334:
8771:
8641:
8106:
6966:
6948:
2294:
regulated all aspects of everyday life, at least for Muslim subjects of the empire. The head of the
12327:
12186:
11980:
11637:
11589:
11481:
11476:
11172:
11077:
10899:
10875:
10298:
9964:
9662:
9591:
9360:
9103:
8144:
6152:
5914:
5899:
5457:
4627:
4582:
4174:
4109:
3350:
2846:
2841:
2826:
1711:
1619:
1446:
1247:
1242:
817:
110:
5447:
5242:
2974:
2833:, the military, although secular in orientation, viewed religion as an effective means to counter
2327:
12282:
12242:
11913:
10846:
10360:
9647:
9620:
9565:
9560:
9412:
5054:
4552:
3426:
2149:
2145:
2082:
1964:
508:
96:
9407:
5860:
2954:
2583:
In addition to the abolition of the caliphate, new laws mandated the abolition of the office of
2442:
2351:
12277:
12099:
12071:
11972:
11908:
11441:
10594:
10155:
10095:
10083:
9976:
9833:
9326:
9249:
9196:
9066:
9015:
7026:
6239:
5107:
4836:
4517:
4131:
4104:
3726:
3411:
2987:
2219:
Beginning in the 12th century, new waves of Turkic migrants arrived, many of whom belonging to
1706:
1416:
1207:
987:
443:
143:
123:
10150:
8299:
7336:
6155:
constitute the third sizable community. It is historically the primary denomination of ethnic
4161:
2615:
used in the West, and restrictions on public attire that had religious associations, with the
2599:
and the outlawing of their rituals and meetings, the establishment of government control over
2144:
tribes recaptured many Abbasid lands and even invaded Byzantine regions, pushing further into
11918:
11561:
11277:
11127:
11092:
11047:
10704:
10694:
10499:
10442:
10303:
10088:
10078:
10045:
9785:
9608:
9093:
9088:
5834:
5656:
5337:
5317:
5212:
5132:
4677:
4345:
4246:
4236:
4229:
4206:
3952:
3444:
2675:
900:
867:
827:
570:
560:
348:
9218:
7234:""Türkiye'de İnanç ve Dindarlık" araştırması yayımlandı: Dindarlaştık mı, sekülerleştik mi?"
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2950:
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11541:
11017:
11012:
10907:
10709:
10599:
10529:
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10234:
10219:
10165:
10110:
9994:
9853:
9838:
9686:
9603:
9417:
9076:
9039:
8238:
7772:
7306:
7041:
7036:
6780:
6740:
6682:
6609:
5864:
5651:
5252:
5232:
5172:
4532:
4389:
4276:
4211:
4141:
3812:
3362:
2939:
2417:
2379:
1716:
1421:
1314:
1052:
982:
917:
745:
740:
630:
575:
448:
378:
256:
130:
37:
6835:, where they nearly represent half of the total population, primarily in the districts of
5714:
5502:
5462:
2822:
2121:
in 965, and pushed into the Levant by 975. The Byzantines successfully contested with the
8:
12054:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11728:
11511:
11471:
11451:
11431:
11334:
11197:
11137:
11112:
11027:
11007:
10957:
10927:
10917:
10868:
10769:
10689:
10654:
10639:
10624:
10579:
10514:
10115:
10066:
9999:
9949:
9848:
9758:
9706:
9519:
9500:
9286:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9083:
9044:
8505:
6672:
6164:
5492:
5472:
4620:
4567:
4547:
4484:
4156:
4136:
4057:
3761:
3421:
3083:
supporters, who wear a red cap with twelvefolds in reference to the 12 Imams were called
2865:
2682:
opposed by most of the state, who believed that secularism was an essential principle of
2359:
2324:
2153:
2141:
1920:
1778:
1655:
1546:
1284:
1237:
1217:
957:
877:
852:
757:
730:
680:
650:
640:
555:
515:
488:
473:
428:
363:
11863:
10820:
535:
27:
12136:
12043:
11988:
11868:
11783:
11758:
11627:
11446:
11223:
11102:
11097:
10977:
10644:
10286:
10229:
10209:
10122:
10011:
9954:
9750:
9672:
9338:
9259:
9254:
9056:
8532:
8202:
7702:
7619:
7179:
7139:
7031:
6818:
6805:
6574:
6216:
5734:
5532:
5487:
5182:
5177:
5122:
5006:
4899:
4094:
3941:
More recently in 2016, Turkey approved hijab as the part of the official police uniform
3406:
2762:
2612:
2451:
2264:
1890:
1366:
1277:
1212:
1082:
1027:
997:
912:
837:
832:
812:
700:
690:
493:
245:
240:
21:
8898:
Patheos.com: „Quran, Hadiths or Both? Where Quranists and Traditional Islam Differ.“ .
8618:
8172:"Diyanet as a Turkish Foreign Policy Tool: Evidence from the Netherlands and Bulgaria"
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12033:
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9869:
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9711:
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9586:
9505:
9298:
9273:
9234:
9098:
8953:
8680:"Turkish Shiites fear growing hate crimes - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"
8622:
8419:
8305:
8206:
8194:
8114:
7706:
7623:
7611:
7540:
7183:
7131:
6832:
6730:
6725:
5432:
5402:
5377:
5202:
5137:
5059:
5036:
5021:
5001:
4756:
4610:
4577:
4542:
4474:
4301:
4271:
4007:
4003:
3703:
3681:
3541:
2814:
2683:
2523:
2508:
2199:
2157:
2046:
1925:
1910:
1788:
1640:
1411:
1396:
1339:
1299:
1294:
1262:
1132:
1062:
1037:
1012:
967:
952:
922:
857:
807:
787:
782:
777:
665:
610:
585:
418:
413:
393:
358:
343:
235:
185:
166:
135:
7653:"T.C. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı | İman | İbadet | Namaz | Ahlak"
7143:
5522:
5517:
2935:
2766:
2738:
2421:
2362:
was restricted and for a time prohibited. The influential and popular orders of the
12201:
12122:
12038:
12013:
11993:
11848:
11843:
11773:
11753:
11551:
11501:
11461:
11414:
11409:
11399:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11359:
11344:
11339:
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11319:
11314:
11142:
11057:
11037:
10922:
10912:
10816:
10729:
10699:
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10669:
10659:
10649:
10614:
10609:
10559:
10504:
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10427:
10214:
10182:
10004:
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9555:
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8061:
8022:
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7127:
7123:
7046:
6366:
6346:
5956:
5827:
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5332:
5322:
5267:
5247:
5152:
5069:
4974:
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4479:
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2850:
2627:
2608:
2584:
2483:
2308:
2165:
1915:
1895:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1731:
1696:
1691:
1681:
1593:
1461:
1359:
1329:
1319:
1267:
1227:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1077:
1017:
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977:
932:
882:
792:
767:
645:
635:
595:
565:
550:
530:
520:
503:
498:
463:
458:
408:
353:
328:
296:
147:
7832:
7698:
7607:
5960:
2788:
2666:
were appointed by the government, and religious instruction was taken over by the
12272:
12196:
12018:
11998:
11788:
11778:
11723:
11718:
11642:
11584:
11536:
11516:
11506:
11491:
11486:
11466:
11436:
11404:
11389:
11364:
11300:
11187:
11087:
11022:
11002:
10992:
10952:
10937:
10932:
10739:
10734:
10674:
10629:
10589:
10484:
10465:
10348:
10281:
10261:
10192:
10187:
10132:
10105:
9989:
9667:
9632:
9034:
8804:
8587:""Türkiye'de 40 milyon Kürt 25 milyon Alevi olması" ya da "Türkiye Türklerindir""
8381:
8269:
7511:"Optimar'dan din-inanç anketi: Yüzde 89 Allah'ın varlığına ve birliğine inanıyor"
7274:"Optimar'dan din-inanç anketi: Yüzde 89 Allah'ın varlığına ve birliğine inanıyor"
7111:
6773:
6629:
6474:
6381:
6371:
5661:
5482:
5327:
5312:
5277:
5142:
5127:
5031:
4936:
4926:
4886:
4881:
4527:
4372:
4281:
4042:
3777:
3767:
3686:
3416:
3204:
2911:
2792:
2770:
2742:
2406:
1905:
1900:
1885:
1757:
1726:
1701:
1686:
1660:
1645:
1572:
1523:
1456:
1309:
1289:
1272:
1257:
1252:
1232:
1202:
1197:
1172:
1162:
1095:
1032:
1022:
1002:
942:
937:
927:
847:
752:
725:
715:
675:
660:
655:
605:
600:
540:
478:
438:
333:
321:
8972:
8922:"Turkey. Islam and Laicism Between the Interests of State, Politics and Society"
7736:"Le gouvernement turc va restituer des biens saisis à des minorités religieuses"
5292:
4294:
2025:
12191:
12181:
12171:
12161:
12003:
11838:
11763:
11531:
11456:
11426:
11228:
11147:
11107:
11082:
11062:
10997:
10972:
10962:
10947:
10714:
10664:
10619:
10604:
10584:
10574:
10549:
10489:
10204:
9984:
9907:
9540:
9308:
9269:
9029:
7680:"Turkey's Diyanet under AKP rule: from protector to imposer of state ideology?"
7247:
6981:
6970:
6868:
6514:
6479:
6361:
6321:
6306:
6188:
6055:
6050:
5764:
5646:
5611:
5527:
5282:
5147:
5074:
4991:
4876:
4841:
4592:
4494:
4430:
4362:
4034:
3995:
3618:
3546:
3088:
2837:
ideas and thus authorized the construction of 90 more İmam Hatip high schools.
2750:
2616:
2569:
2527:
2347:
2343:
2271:
2252:
2195:
2126:
1952:
1793:
1783:
1752:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1344:
1304:
1222:
1192:
1007:
947:
887:
842:
822:
797:
772:
735:
720:
695:
670:
580:
525:
468:
453:
433:
423:
398:
338:
158:
139:
8931:
Smith, Thomas W. (2005) "Between Allah and Ataturk: Liberal Islam in Turkey",
8190:
7169:
Nişancı, Zübeyir (21 March 2023). Ayşe Betül Aydın; Hatice Nur Keskin (eds.).
6888:
6341:
5549:
4856:
2402:
2235:, an order that was originally Sunni and non-political, but later became both
2060:
was soon inaugurated by the middle of the 8th century by the ascension of the
12321:
12267:
12146:
12028:
11733:
11246:
11067:
11032:
10987:
10982:
10891:
10724:
10634:
10524:
10336:
10276:
10177:
9917:
9912:
9545:
9490:
9281:
8877:
8423:
8198:
8118:
7920:
7615:
7135:
7051:
7004:
6677:
6634:
6594:
6504:
6489:
6449:
6444:
6266:
6168:
5999:
5963:
5684:
5641:
5601:
5591:
5417:
5397:
5355:
5262:
5257:
5167:
5157:
5084:
5064:
5011:
4986:
4921:
4806:
4766:
4761:
4688:
4489:
4350:
4335:
3628:
3561:
3536:
3531:
3225:
2548:
2244:
2038:
1960:
1391:
1386:
1042:
962:
802:
762:
710:
705:
623:
590:
483:
373:
8914:
Ottoman Ulema, Turkish Republic: Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition
4961:
3328:
2778:
2719:
2298:
ranked directly below the sultan, and was second in power only to the grand
10308:
10266:
9892:
9343:
7018:
6763:
6624:
6614:
6559:
6271:
6156:
6045:
5952:
5910:
5895:
5817:
5666:
5626:
5561:
5422:
5342:
5217:
4811:
4751:
4659:
4537:
4367:
4266:
4022:
3802:
3782:
3696:
3610:
3346:
3100:
2938:
was attempted in Turkey against state institutions by a faction within the
2734:
2651:
2650:, and transferring existing mosques to secular purposes - most notably the
2573:
2552:
2531:
2278:) in 1453 enabled the Ottomans to consolidate their empire in Anatolia and
1983:
1479:
8065:
6106:
5719:
11256:
10172:
9483:
8494:
8462:
8453:
8000:
The World of the Alevis: Issues of Culture and Identity, Gloria L. Clarke
7914:
7453:
7112:"Islamization of Anatolia and the Effects of Established Sufism (Orders)"
6564:
6376:
5967:
5925:
5799:
5784:
5704:
5556:
5302:
5222:
5026:
5016:
4871:
4467:
4382:
4377:
4328:
4261:
4216:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4151:
3983:
3975:
3899:
3379:
3370:
3237:
2942:
with connections to the Gülen movement, citing an erosion in secularism.
2924:
2475:
2474:
and contrasted it unfavorably with "civilization", which to them meant a
2471:
2161:
1979:
1948:
53:
6860:
6844:
5297:
8943:
8913:
8612:
8511:
6933:
6929:
6852:
6735:
6720:
6539:
6534:
6519:
6494:
6316:
6160:
6146:
6018:
6014:
5995:
5892:
5881:
5754:
5749:
5586:
5512:
5437:
5427:
5392:
5382:
5287:
5227:
4946:
4846:
4706:
4699:
4522:
4065:
4015:
3957:
3614:
3333:
3262:
3159:
3033:
3014:
Official recognition through the Constitution or international treaties
2969:
There is an administration called "Presidency of Religious Affairs" or
2928:
2723:
2501:
2396:
2385:
2236:
2224:
2137:
2057:
1991:
1516:
207:
202:
172:
100:
77:
68:
62:
5467:
4653:
2517:
2248:
8817:
7394:"Syria strife tests Turkish Alawites | Turkey | al Jazeera"
6958:
6654:
6649:
6619:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6549:
6544:
6529:
6524:
6484:
6434:
6429:
6093:
6037:
5991:
5903:
5789:
5779:
5774:
5759:
5724:
5616:
5606:
5596:
5576:
5566:
5497:
5197:
5187:
4691:
4557:
4442:
4316:
4074:
3743:
3691:
3568:
3133:
3092:
3084:
2873:
2834:
2711:
2659:
2596:
2588:
2355:
2295:
2283:
2256:
2232:
2064:
2042:
197:
8797:
8018:
6893:
Folk Islam in Turkey has derived many of its popular practices from
6800:
6036:
Some of their members (or sub-groups, especially those belonging to
5709:
3885:
2078:
10396:
10028:
9355:
7423:
6944:
6884:
6848:
6599:
6499:
6159:
people. Most of them lives in the eastern provinces neighboring to
6112:
6101:
6041:
5987:
5983:
5971:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5932:
5794:
5744:
5694:
5631:
5272:
4746:
4695:
4663:
4447:
4420:
4406:
4146:
4011:
3979:
3930:
3624:
3491:
3484:
3320:
3287:
3270:
3182:
3137:
3127:
3112:
3080:
3076:
2920:
2882:
2691:
2655:
2497:
2487:
2425:
2275:
2228:
2212:
2068:
1995:
230:
192:
153:
92:
10038:
8658:"2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Turkey (Türkiye)"
8026:
3934:
3316:
2635:
2563:
2500:, the names of Hasan and Husayn, considered among the first three
8469:
8466:
7908:
6925:
6917:
6856:
6824:
6745:
6644:
6639:
6569:
6554:
6509:
6454:
6439:
6419:
6391:
6356:
6331:
6296:
6251:
6118:
6089:
6085:
6030:
6010:
6005:
5877:
5739:
5636:
5621:
5477:
5387:
5112:
4956:
4916:
4911:
4831:
4771:
4714:
4703:
4323:
4311:
4306:
3921:
3520:
3451:
3324:
3303:
3299:
3291:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3145:
3140:
3056:
2915:
2878:
2715:
2467:
2390:
2363:
2287:
2173:
2122:
2114:
2102:
2072:
2061:
2030:
1971:
310:
81:
3044:
Yes through the Diyanet mentioned in the Constitution (art.136)
2860:
2037:
During the Muslim conquests of the 7th and early 8th centuries,
10033:
9226:
9221:
9010:
8514:
8475:
8449:
6962:
6954:
6921:
6902:
6894:
6872:
6828:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6604:
6467:
6401:
6311:
6276:
6199:
6097:
5921:
5907:
5888:
5884:
5769:
5729:
5689:
5581:
5546:
5412:
5307:
5089:
5079:
4941:
4931:
4866:
4851:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4684:
4572:
4512:
4415:
4396:
4191:
4181:
4089:
4038:
4030:
3999:
3987:
3971:
3926:
3738:
3713:
3647:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3501:
3396:
3342:
3312:
3307:
3295:
3241:
3104:
3029:
2962:
2893:
2886:
2796:
2754:
2695:
2647:
2631:
2604:
2592:
2479:
2460:
2456:
2410:
2367:
2335:
2299:
2291:
2279:
2169:
2118:
2098:
2086:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1956:
1944:
104:
87:
58:
6961:, Quraniyoon, or Ahl al-Quran, are also present in Turkey. In
6831:
with an estimated population of around 1 million lives in the
4605:
8499:
7092:
6910:
6898:
6864:
6840:
6836:
6424:
6386:
6326:
6301:
6286:
6281:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6232:
6192:
6132:
6124:
6081:
6070:
6066:
5699:
5117:
4906:
4861:
4821:
4816:
4801:
4736:
4731:
4425:
4401:
4026:
3733:
3655:
3638:
3461:
3456:
3266:
3256:
3108:
3096:
3072:
3025:
3019:
Government Financing of places of worship and religious staff
2978:
2958:
2731:
2639:
2505:
2331:
2303:
2110:
2106:
2094:
2054:
2050:
1939:
73:
7652:
6069:
as it is being practiced overwhelmingly by more than 99% of
2223:
orders. Some of these migrants later went on to incorporate
8456:
7911:
6973:. Some believe that there are secret Quranists even in the
6396:
6351:
6336:
6291:
6074:
5928:
5917:
5207:
4826:
3991:
3651:
3524:
3496:
3471:
3466:
3178:
3155:
3123:
3052:
2663:
2620:
2600:
2260:
2240:
2220:
1982:(about 80% of overall Muslim denominations). The remaining
8741:"The Alawite Towns That Support Syria's Assad — in Turkey"
7767:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7093:"Muslim Population Growth in Europe Pew Research Center"
3017:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2973:
manages 77,500 mosques. This state agency, established by
2093:
The later period saw initial expansion and the capture of
8965:"Turkish Secularism and Islam Under the Reign of Erdoğan"
8016:
5869:
4981:
3506:
2482:
and religious law (e.g. many Sultans are known to change
2129:
who first allied with the Abbasids and then ruled as the
1986:, forming about 10% of the Muslim population, consist of
8270:"Losing their religion: The young Turks rejecting Islam"
7971:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
7807:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
3970:
The vast majority of the present-day Turkish people are
7758:
2730:
reemerge, but new movements were formed, including the
5948:
instead is being frequently used to represent all the
2662:), which was turned into a museum in 1935. Muftis and
8170:
Sözeri, Semiha; Öztürk, Ahmet Erdi (September 2018).
7307:"Turkey: International Religious Freedom Report 2007"
3961:
Many of Islam's denominations are practised in Turkey
2829:
participated in coalition governments. Following the
2176:
and incrementally expanded across Anatolia until the
2125:
for influence in the region until the arrival of the
6994:
7481:"Türkiye artık yüzde 99'u müslüman olan ülke değil"
6875:. They are known as Arab Alevis by Turkish people.
2302:. Early in the Ottoman period, the office of grand
2172:who contested the control of the region during the
2029:Islamic conquest extended to Anatolia during later
8341:"Salafism Infiltrates Turkish Religious Discourse"
7961:
7959:
7932:
7930:
2227:beliefs. One Sufi order that appealed to Turks in
8861:Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty
8387:
7677:
7162:
2914:drew upon their knowledge of Western philosophy,
12319:
2373:
1947:. As much as 79% of the population follows the
8963:Yavuz, M. Hakan and Öztürk, Ahmet Erdi (2019),
8051:
7956:
7927:
7539:, Brookings Institution Press, 2003, pp. 26–38
7417:
7415:
7358:
7356:
7354:
6048:takes abode in the bodies of the human-beings (
2346:of Turkey started during the last years of the
8769:
8454:Abu’l-Qāsim Sulaiman ibn Ahmad ibn at-Tabarānī
6913:, North Cyprus, until his death in May, 2014.
6017:Muslims in Turkey since they are the dominant
5926:Abu’l-Qāsim Sulaiman ibn Ahmad ibn at-Tabarānī
2840:During the 1970s and 1980s, Islam experienced
2817:to train teachers of Islam and imams. In 1951
12107:
11957:
11676:
11285:
10876:
10450:
10412:
9204:
8993:
8973:https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1580828
6781:
5835:
4628:
3820:
2821:government set up special secondary schools (
1497:
274:
12078:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
8169:
7412:
7351:
6237:
2931:or socialist version, for religious values.
2658:, which had been converted into a mosque by
2634:at devotions, substituting the Turkish word
8604:
6863:region, mostly in and around the cities of
6065:Some of the Alevis criticize the course of
3067:No. In the early fifteenth century, due to
12114:
12100:
11971:
11964:
11950:
11690:
11683:
11669:
11292:
11278:
10883:
10869:
10457:
10443:
10419:
10405:
9211:
9197:
9000:
8986:
8072:
7555:
7421:
7364:"Pew Forum on Religious & Public life"
7064:
6985:Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet)
6788:
6774:
5842:
5828:
4635:
4621:
3827:
3813:
2282:. The Ottomans later revived the title of
2243:. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the
1504:
1490:
281:
267:
8933:The International Journal of Human Rights
8928:(PRIF), Germany, PRIF-Report No. 78/2007.
8863:, W.W. Norton & Company, 2011, p. 234
8293:
8291:
8012:
8010:
8008:
8006:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7301:
7299:
6953:Those who do not accept the authority of
2945:
2470:. They regarded organized religion as an
2270:The conquest of the Byzantine capital of
8818:"Turkish News - Latest News from Turkey"
8233:
8231:
8045:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7728:
7687:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
7596:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
6799:
5868:
5363:Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
4646:
3956:
3246:Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
3117:
3063:
2949:
2859:
2787:
2450:
2416:
2401:
2319:
2203:
2077:
2024:
1515:
8952:, 2016, Anuradha Prakashan, New Delhi.
8848:Modern Döneme Özgü Bir Kur’an Tasavvuru
8738:
8707:
8705:
8562:. Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009.
8412:"Turkey's Bid for Religious Leadership"
8104:
7587:Öztürk, Ahmet Erdi (26 February 2019).
7168:
12320:
10141:
8617:. Edinburgh University Press. p.
8584:
8560:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population"
8442:
8416:Foreign Affairs: America and the World
8351:from the original on 11 September 2021
8335:
8333:
8297:
8288:
8003:
7989:
7967:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population"
7803:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population"
7586:
7529:
7456:. All about Turkey. 20 November 2006.
7296:
6897:which has good presence in Turkey and
4025:or rational thought to understand the
4002:. Another common Sunni jurisprudence,
3132:No. In 1826 with the abolition of the
12095:
11945:
11664:
11273:
10864:
10438:
10400:
9192:
8981:
8751:from the original on 11 November 2018
8739:Sotloff, Steven (10 September 2012).
8714:"Syria strife tests Turkish Alawites"
8690:from the original on 22 November 2021
8566:from the original on 25 December 2018
8430:from the original on 10 November 2019
8301:Normative Ethics and Objective Reason
8267:
8228:
8151:from the original on 22 December 2019
8033:from the original on 28 November 2017
7896:
7857:
7633:from the original on 22 November 2020
7568:from the original on 19 November 2020
7478:
7434:from the original on 22 November 2021
7374:from the original on 26 December 2016
7240:
7231:
7150:from the original on 22 November 2021
7109:
5938:Unlike the common usage of the term "
2701:
2654:(Justinian's sixth-century Christian
2315:
2067:and the transfer of the capital from
12121:
10426:
10367:
10355:
8940:Islamic Political Identity in Turkey
8778:from the original on 7 February 2017
8770:simitincilicia (30 September 2012).
8702:
8610:
8125:from the original on 10 October 2022
8054:Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique
7845:from the original on 8 December 2014
7659:from the original on 25 October 2015
7313:from the original on 4 December 2019
3069:the unsustainable Ottoman oppression
2961:, built in 1998, It was the largest
2436:
2189:
11299:
10464:
8935:, Vol. 9, No. 3., pp. 307–325.
8720:from the original on 1 October 2018
8660:. United States Department of State
8552:
8520:
8409:
8330:
8318:from the original on 24 August 2021
8080:"Blog Hautetfort : Erreur 404"
7746:from the original on 7 October 2017
7556:Strickland, Carol (3 August 2009).
7400:from the original on 1 October 2018
3843:
2983:
2239:and politically based in northwest
2109:, a resurgent Byzantium recaptured
1529:by percentage of country population
13:
8926:Peace Research Institute Frankfurt
8905:
8711:
8017:Lisa Deheurles-Montmayeur (2010).
7833:"Türki̇ye Büyük Mi̇llet Mecli̇si̇"
7517:from the original on 29 March 2020
7284:from the original on 29 March 2020
7254:from the original on 20 March 2016
7199:from the original on 20 April 2023
6207:
3839:
2591:, the closing and confiscation of
2020:
1943:is the most practiced religion in
14:
12344:
10890:
8828:from the original on 16 July 2009
8396:Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam
8371:"Can Turkey be ISIL's next stage"
8276:from the original on 3 April 2019
8249:from the original on 25 June 2022
8105:Spencer, Richard (3 April 2016).
7977:from the original on 14 June 2022
7813:from the original on 14 June 2022
7783:from the original on 25 June 2022
3847:Do you cover when going outside?
2603:which had been inalienable under
2306:of Istanbul evolved into that of
11804:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
11251:
11242:
11241:
10765:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
10535:Democratic Republic of the Congo
10378:
10366:
10354:
10343:
10342:
10330:
9734:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
9220:
9009:
8807:, 19.org, Retrieved 6 July 2013.
7491:from the original on 23 May 2019
7460:from the original on 8 June 2008
7172:Faith and Religiosity in Türkiye
7011:
6997:
6757:
6179:(Diyanet) is exclusively Sunni.
5811:
4676:
4604:
4073:
4045:has seen increasing acceptance.
3946:
3796:
3378:
2765:, and one of its offshoots, the
2562:
2541:
2516:
1473:
1058:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
384:Democratic Republic of the Congo
303:
26:
10379:
8969:Southeast and Black Sea Studies
8892:
8866:
8853:
8840:
8810:
8790:
8763:
8732:
8672:
8650:
8635:
8578:
8481:
8461:Al-Bākūrat’ūs Sūlaiman’īyyah -
8403:
8363:
8261:
8216:from the original on 6 May 2020
8163:
8137:
8098:
7940:. 15 April 2021. Archived from
7825:
7795:
7716:from the original on 6 May 2020
7671:
7645:
7580:
7549:
7537:Islam: A Mosaic, Not a Monolith
7503:
7479:ÖZKÖK, Ertuğrul (21 May 2019).
7472:
7446:
7386:
7325:
7232:Çiçek, Nevzat (26 March 2023).
7110:Aktas, Vahap (1 January 2014).
6907:Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani
6851:constitute the majority and in
6177:Presidency of Religious Affairs
6092:are not officially done by the
5373:Shiism in Persia after Safavids
4747:Prophet Muḥammad ibn `Abd Allāh
3992:school of Islamic jurisprudence
3915:Headscarf controversy in Turkey
3353:are not officially recognized.
2881:, began broadcasting, first in
2350:and was a prominent feature of
2247:and similar orders such as the
12142:Federated States of Micronesia
11209:British Indian Ocean Territory
9173:Cities and towns by population
8410:Tol, Gonul (10 January 2019).
7266:
7225:
7211:
7128:10.1080/09720073.2014.11891424
7103:
7095:. 10 July 2024. Archived from
7085:
6238:
5966:was used pejoratively for all
5368:Shia in Persia before Safavids
5102:Crucial figures and influences
3965:
3115:have no official recognition.
3061:less than %5 to more than 30%
2668:Ministry of National Education
1:
8585:Seskir, Zeki (24 June 2020).
8448:"Muhammad ibn Āliyy’ūl Cillī
8393:
7754:– via www.la-croix.com.
7699:10.1080/14683857.2016.1233663
7608:10.1080/14683857.2019.1576370
7078:
5854:
3230:Ottoman persecution of Alevis
2428:. The mosque was designed by
2374:Republic period: 1923–present
2334:Abdurrahman Kamil Effendi in
2152:after a major victory at the
11929:United States Virgin Islands
10225:Intangible cultural heritage
9571:Southeastern Anatolia Region
9403:Proclamation of the republic
9178:Provinces by life expectancy
8611:Halm, Heinz (21 July 2004).
8268:Girit, Selin (10 May 2018).
7309:. U.S. Department of State.
6129:are frequently denounced by
6122:who portrayed themselves as
4436:Bektashism and folk religion
3234:Bektashism and folk religion
3217:
3214:
3211:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3131:
3066:
3046:
3043:
3040:
2965:in Turkey when it was built.
2763:multi-party political system
2595:lodges, meeting places, and
2354:. Under his leadership, the
1955:Sunni Muslims belong to the
7:
9496:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
8874:"Associates and Affiliates"
8759:– via world.time.com.
8489:Muhammad ibn Āliyy’ūl Cillī
6990:
6938:
6812:
6163:, more particularly in the
6140:
4651:Interior of the historical
4019:schools of Islamic theology
3208:
3186:
3163:
3037:
2432:, the first woman to do so.
2016:Islam in the Ottoman Empire
10:
12349:
9327:Conquest of Constantinople
8298:McLean, George F. (1996).
7678:Ahmet Erdi Öztürk (2016).
6942:
6915:
6882:
6816:
6144:
6028:
5981:
5858:
5163:Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani
4041:(literalist) creed of the
3950:
3912:
3223:
2868:, Istanbul, built in 1616.
2440:
2377:
2193:
2182:
2178:rise of the Ottoman Empire
2013:
2009:
2004:non-denominational Muslims
12233:
12210:
12129:
12091:
12052:
11979:
11941:
11904:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
11822:
11696:
11660:
11608:
11570:
11307:
11269:
11237:
11196:
11156:
10898:
10860:
10778:
10753:
10472:
10434:
10326:
10059:
9975:
9868:
9834:The constitutional system
9794:
9749:
9694:
9685:
9579:
9527:
9518:
9471:
9438:
9388:
9366:Second Constitutional Era
9351:Decline and modernization
9307:
9268:
9242:
9233:
9160:
9112:
9022:
8191:10.1017/S175504831700075X
7562:Christian Science Monitor
6878:
5977:
5920:of the Alevīs, and Cillī
5453:Kalender Çelebi rebellion
3990:madhhab was the official
3846:
3604:Sunni schools of theology
3199:
3177:
3154:
3122:
3079:who had Turkmen origins.
3060:
3051:
3024:
2781:had openly supported the
2747:Community of İskenderpaşa
2619:outlawed for men and the
2504:, are also prescribed in
12288:Northern Mariana Islands
11924:Turks and Caicos Islands
10958:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
10520:Central African Republic
9817:Ministry of the Interior
9802:Administrative divisions
9361:First Constitutional Era
9104:Demographics of Istanbul
8876:. 19.org. Archived from
7422:Prochazka-Eisl, Gisela.
7057:
5959:. Furthermore, the term
5679:Other influential groups
5458:Nur Ali Halife rebellion
4583:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
3047:Yes through the Diyanet
2842:political rehabilitation
2827:National Salvation Party
2728:Al-Ṭarīqah al-Tijāniyyah
2370:) were also suppressed.
2049:continued the spread of
1427:Northern Mariana Islands
369:Central African Republic
111:Nondenominational Muslim
12253:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
11973:Islam in South America
11691:Islam in North America
11219:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
9764:Parliamentary elections
9566:Eastern Anatolia Region
9561:Central Anatolia Region
9243:Ancient and Middle Ages
9168:Provinces by population
8495:Abu’l-Qāsim’at-Tabarānī
8243:interaktif.konda.com.tr
8107:"Who are the Alawites?"
7777:interaktif.konda.com.tr
4006:is the dominant one in
3873:Yes, I wear a headscarf
3402:Prophets and Messengers
3107:, places of worship of
2623:discouraged for women.
1963:started expanding into
1377:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
11854:British Virgin Islands
11350:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9935:Science and technology
9769:Presidential elections
9250:Prehistory of Anatolia
9016:Demographics of Turkey
8920:Karakas, Cemal (2007)
7027:Christianity in Turkey
6809:
6212:
5942:" in other languages,
5874:
5108:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
4667:
4518:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
4105:Succession to Muhammad
3962:
3670:Contemporary movements
3485:Rightly-Guided Caliphs
3412:Succession to Muhammad
2988:denominations of Islam
2966:
2946:Diyanet and secularism
2869:
2854:
2800:
2463:
2433:
2414:
2339:
2216:
2090:
2034:
1994:(representing 1%) and
1935:
1599:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1128:Bosnia and Herzegovina
226:Bahá'í Faith in Turkey
124:Christianity in Turkey
12236:and other territories
11794:Saint Kitts and Nevis
10680:São Tomé and Príncipe
10540:Republic of the Congo
9930:Free trade agreements
9812:Intelligence Services
9609:North Anatolian Fault
8510:, the founder of the
8459:" (Sūlaiman Affandy,
8345:Middle East Institute
8179:Politics and Religion
8066:10.3406/cmr.1979.1359
7907:Not recognized as an
6916:Further information:
6803:
6211:
6153:Ja'fari jurisprudence
6151:The followers of the
6088:in the holy month of
6021:sect in the country.
5872:
5448:Baba Zünnun Rebellion
5443:Persecution of Alevis
5213:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
4656:Sultan Dergahi Cemevi
4650:
4611:Shia Islam portal
4237:Verse of purification
4084:Beliefs and practices
3960:
3953:Islamic denominations
3224:Further information:
2977:(1924), finance only
2953:
2863:
2847:Intellectuals' Hearth
2791:
2785:since the mid-1980s.
2454:
2420:
2405:
2323:
2251:became rivals of the
2207:
2185:Byzantine–Seljuk Wars
2183:Further information:
2081:
2028:
1949:Sunni Madhab of Islam
1519:
1048:Saint Kitts and Nevis
546:São Tomé and Príncipe
389:Republic of the Congo
11133:United Arab Emirates
10314:World heritage sites
9839:Turkish Armed Forces
9724:Constitutional Court
9638:Flora and vegetation
9616:Environmental issues
9604:East Anatolian Fault
9551:Mediterranean Region
8772:"A Weekend in Arsuz"
7872:"Cahiers de L'obtic"
7042:Minorities in Turkey
7037:Secularism in Turkey
6823:The majority of the
5865:Theology of Twelvers
5253:Shah Nimatullah Wali
5233:Safi-ad-din Ardabili
5173:Khoja Akhmet Yassawi
4683:Part of a series on
4533:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
4212:Mourning of Muharram
4142:Mourning of Muharram
3452:Declaration of Faith
3002:Estimated population
2955:Sabancı Merkez Camii
2940:Turkish Armed Forces
2769:, had supported the
2638:for the Arabic word
2380:Secularism in Turkey
2286:during the reign of
873:United Arab Emirates
309:World percentage of
257:Irreligion in Turkey
38:Secularism in Turkey
11809:Trinidad and Tobago
11704:Antigua and Barbuda
11571:States with limited
11160:limited recognition
10755:States with limited
9883:Banking and Finance
9501:History of Anatolia
9398:War of Independence
9390:Republic of Türkiye
9287:Battle of Manzikert
8822:Hürriyet Daily News
8540:on 20 December 2018
7535:Gregorian, Vartan.
7485:www.hurriyet.com.tr
6104:. These members of
5493:Auspicious Incident
5473:Battle of Chaldiran
4548:Ruqayya bint Husayn
4455:Extinct Shi'a sects
4175:Days of remembrance
4162:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage
4157:The Four Companions
3099:) as appendages of
2992:
2934:On 15 July 2016, a
2866:Sultan Ahmed Mosque
2676:Şeyh Sait rebellion
2455:A modern mosque in
2395:became one of the "
2360:religious education
2328:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
2265:Twelver Shi'a Islam
2154:Battle of Manzikert
1068:Trinidad and Tobago
908:Antigua and Barbuda
11744:Dominican Republic
9940:Telecommunications
9729:Court of Cassation
9430:Multi-party period
9339:Ottoman Old Regime
9260:Byzantine Anatolia
9255:Classical Anatolia
8971:, Vol. 19, NO. 1;
8803:2013-07-19 at the
8684:www.al-monitor.com
8646:Kur'an'daki İslam.
8533:CIA World Factbook
8380:2015-10-25 at the
8369:Aydoğan Vatandaş,
7973:. 7 October 2009.
7809:. 7 October 2009.
7742:. 29 August 2011.
7339:on 10 January 2011
7250:. Joshua Project.
7248:"Country – Turkey"
7180:Marmara University
7116:The Anthropologist
7032:Religion in Turkey
6901:. Particular Sufi
6819:Alawites in Turkey
6810:
6806:whirling dervishes
6217:Abdul Qadir Gilani
6213:
5875:
5735:Yazidis in Armenia
5533:Gazi Quarter riots
5488:Kuyucu Murad Pasha
5193:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
5178:Abdul-Qadir Gilani
5123:Salman the Persian
4668:
4368:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
4295:Branches and sects
4242:Two weighty things
3963:
3709:Neo-traditionalism
2984:
2967:
2870:
2823:İmam Hatip schools
2819:the Democrat Party
2801:
2702:Multi-party period
2613:Gregorian calendar
2587:and the religious
2498:first four caliphs
2464:
2434:
2430:Zeynep Fadıllıoğlu
2415:
2340:
2316:Secularization era
2217:
2209:Süleymaniye Mosque
2091:
2035:
1936:
973:Dominican Republic
246:Buddhism in Turkey
241:Hinduism in Turkey
22:Religion in Turkey
12315:
12314:
12311:
12310:
12303:Wallis and Futuna
12211:Associated states
12123:Islam in Oceania
12087:
12086:
12059:other territories
11937:
11936:
11826:other territories
11656:
11655:
11265:
11264:
11202:other territories
10856:
10855:
10782:other territories
10555:Equatorial Guinea
10394:
10393:
10322:
10321:
9864:
9863:
9807:Foreign relations
9781:Political parties
9681:
9680:
9514:
9513:
9506:History of Thrace
9408:Atatürk's reforms
9299:Anatolian beyliks
9186:
9185:
8958:978-93-85083-52-5
8938:Yavuz, M. Hakan.
8917:(2011) Amazon.com
8712:Cassel, Matthew.
8642:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk
8628:978-0-7486-1888-0
8452:" of "Maymūn ibn
8311:978-1-56518-022-2
7884:on 2 October 2013
7370:. 9 August 2012.
7189:978-1-64205-906-9
6967:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk
6949:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk
6833:Province of Hatay
6798:
6797:
6240:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
6025:The Alevi ʿaqīdah
5915:Maymūn’al-Qāddāhī
5852:
5851:
5657:Arabati Baba Teḱe
5503:Koçgiri Rebellion
5463:Şahkulu Rebellion
5433:Celali rebellions
5403:Abbasid Caliphate
5378:Umayyad Caliphate
5318:Arabati Baba Teḱe
5203:Haji Bektash Veli
5138:Dhul-Nun al-Misri
4952:Düşkünlük Meydanı
4837:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
4742:Haqq–Muhammad–Ali
4645:
4644:
4578:Fatimah bint Asad
4543:Fatima bint Hasan
4272:Battle of Karbala
4008:Turkish Kurdistan
3911:
3910:
3837:
3836:
3682:Deobandi movement
3222:
3221:
2986:Situation of the
2815:Ankara University
2684:Kemalist Ideology
2524:Ali ibn Abu Talib
2509:mosques in Turkey
2443:Atatürk's Reforms
2437:Atatürk's Reforms
2352:Atatürk's reforms
2200:Ottoman Caliphate
2190:Ottoman Caliphate
2047:Umayyad Caliphate
1934:
1933:
1514:
1513:
404:Equatorial Guinea
291:
290:
236:Yazidis in Turkey
186:Judaism in Turkey
167:Chaldean Catholic
136:Armenian Orthodox
12340:
12333:Islam by country
12293:Pitcairn Islands
12263:French Polynesia
12248:Christmas Island
12177:Papua New Guinea
12157:Marshall Islands
12130:Sovereign states
12116:
12109:
12102:
12093:
12092:
12079:
12067:Falkland Islands
11981:Sovereign states
11966:
11959:
11952:
11943:
11942:
11894:Saint Barthélemy
11824:Dependencies and
11697:Sovereign states
11685:
11678:
11671:
11662:
11661:
11609:Dependencies and
11308:Sovereign states
11301:Islam in Europe
11294:
11287:
11280:
11271:
11270:
11255:
11245:
11244:
11214:Christmas Island
10900:Sovereign states
10885:
10878:
10871:
10862:
10861:
10843:
10842:(United Kingdom)
10838:Tristan da Cunha
10834:Ascension Island
10826:
10813:
10804:
10780:Dependencies and
10473:Sovereign states
10466:Islam in Africa
10459:
10452:
10445:
10436:
10435:
10428:Islam by country
10421:
10414:
10407:
10398:
10397:
10382:
10381:
10370:
10369:
10358:
10357:
10346:
10345:
10334:
10139:
10138:
10024:Cities and towns
10005:Turkish language
9960:Turkish Airlines
9776:Electoral system
9739:Council of State
9692:
9691:
9626:Waste management
9556:Black Sea Region
9534:
9525:
9524:
9479:Turkic migration
9425:One-party period
9294:Sultanate of Rum
9240:
9239:
9225:
9224:
9213:
9206:
9199:
9190:
9189:
9114:Census in Turkey
9050:Turkish language
9014:
9013:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8979:
8978:
8899:
8896:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8885:
8870:
8864:
8857:
8851:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8814:
8808:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8783:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8736:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8709:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8695:
8686:. 11 July 2014.
8676:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8665:
8654:
8648:
8639:
8633:
8632:
8608:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8597:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8571:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8536:. Archived from
8524:
8518:
8485:
8479:
8446:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8435:
8407:
8401:
8391:
8385:
8384:October 16, 2015
8367:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8337:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8323:
8295:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8265:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8235:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8215:
8176:
8167:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8141:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8102:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8082:. Archived from
8076:
8070:
8069:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8014:
8001:
7998:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7963:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7944:on 15 April 2021
7934:
7925:
7905:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7883:
7876:
7868:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7850:
7844:
7837:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7769:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7732:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7715:
7684:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7649:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7632:
7593:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7553:
7547:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7419:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7360:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7335:. Archived from
7329:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7303:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7270:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7215:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7198:
7177:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7099:on 10 July 2024.
7089:
7072:
7068:
7047:Islam by country
7021:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7007:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6790:
6783:
6776:
6764:Islam portal
6762:
6761:
6760:
6695:Topics in Sufism
6367:Sufi metaphysics
6243:
6242:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6182:
6181:
5957:Turkish language
5873:Alevis in Turkey
5861:Athnā‘ashariyyah
5844:
5837:
5830:
5818:Islam portal
5816:
5815:
5814:
5508:Dersim Rebellion
5408:Babak Khorramdin
5338:Börklüce Mustafa
5333:Sheikh Bedreddin
5323:Pir Sultan Abdal
5268:Ali Mirza Safavi
5248:Imadaddin Nasimi
5243:Sadr al-Dīn Mūsā
5153:Mansur Al-Hallaj
5133:Jābir ibn Hayyān
4975:The Twelve Imams
4797:Wahdat al-mawjud
4717:
4709:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4609:
4608:
4588:Ruqayya bint Ali
4563:Fatima bint Musa
4077:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4051:
4050:
3994:espoused by the
3844:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3803:Islam portal
3801:
3800:
3799:
3677:Barelvi movement
3643:
3642:
3556:
3555:
3382:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3259:Muslim worship.
3020:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2864:Interior of the
2783:Motherland Party
2611:in favor of the
2609:Islamic calendar
2566:
2545:
2520:
2166:Sultanate of Rum
2150:central Anatolia
2041:established the
1965:eastern Anatolia
1837:
1806:
1770:
1744:
1673:
1632:
1611:
1585:
1564:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1480:Islam portal
1478:
1477:
1476:
1437:Papua New Guinea
1402:Marshall Islands
1372:Christmas Island
1335:Northern Ireland
307:
297:Islam by country
293:
292:
283:
276:
269:
148:Turkish Orthodox
30:
18:
17:
12348:
12347:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12339:
12338:
12337:
12328:Islam in Turkey
12318:
12317:
12316:
12307:
12235:
12229:
12212:
12206:
12187:Solomon Islands
12125:
12120:
12083:
12077:
12060:
12058:
12048:
11975:
11970:
11933:
11827:
11825:
11818:
11692:
11689:
11652:
11610:
11604:
11590:Northern Cyprus
11572:
11566:
11482:North Macedonia
11303:
11298:
11261:
11233:
11201:
11192:
11173:Northern Cyprus
11159:
11152:
10894:
10889:
10852:
10851:
10841:
10824:
10811:
10802:
10783:
10781:
10774:
10758:
10756:
10749:
10468:
10463:
10430:
10425:
10395:
10390:
10318:
10137:
10133:Women in Turkey
10101:Law enforcement
10055:
10051:Life expectancy
10017:Islam in Turkey
9971:
9860:
9822:National Police
9790:
9745:
9677:
9668:Turkish Riviera
9575:
9532:
9531:
9510:
9467:
9434:
9413:Language reform
9384:
9303:
9264:
9229:
9219:
9217:
9187:
9182:
9156:
9108:
9018:
9008:
9006:
8908:
8906:Further reading
8903:
8902:
8897:
8893:
8883:
8881:
8880:on 12 July 2013
8872:
8871:
8867:
8859:Mustafa Akyol,
8858:
8854:
8845:
8841:
8831:
8829:
8816:
8815:
8811:
8805:Wayback Machine
8796:Aisha Y. Musa,
8795:
8791:
8781:
8779:
8768:
8764:
8754:
8752:
8737:
8733:
8723:
8721:
8710:
8703:
8693:
8691:
8678:
8677:
8673:
8663:
8661:
8656:
8655:
8651:
8640:
8636:
8629:
8609:
8605:
8595:
8593:
8583:
8579:
8569:
8567:
8558:
8557:
8553:
8543:
8541:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8486:
8482:
8447:
8443:
8433:
8431:
8408:
8404:
8392:
8388:
8382:Wayback Machine
8368:
8364:
8354:
8352:
8339:
8338:
8331:
8321:
8319:
8312:
8296:
8289:
8279:
8277:
8266:
8262:
8252:
8250:
8237:
8236:
8229:
8219:
8217:
8213:
8174:
8168:
8164:
8154:
8152:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8128:
8126:
8103:
8099:
8089:
8087:
8086:on 3 March 2016
8078:
8077:
8073:
8050:
8046:
8036:
8034:
8015:
8004:
7999:
7990:
7980:
7978:
7965:
7964:
7957:
7947:
7945:
7936:
7935:
7928:
7906:
7897:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7874:
7870:
7869:
7858:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7835:
7831:
7830:
7826:
7816:
7814:
7801:
7800:
7796:
7786:
7784:
7771:
7770:
7759:
7749:
7747:
7734:
7733:
7729:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7682:
7676:
7672:
7662:
7660:
7651:
7650:
7646:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7591:
7585:
7581:
7571:
7569:
7558:"Mosque modern"
7554:
7550:
7534:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7509:
7508:
7504:
7494:
7492:
7477:
7473:
7463:
7461:
7452:
7451:
7447:
7437:
7435:
7420:
7413:
7403:
7401:
7392:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7375:
7362:
7361:
7352:
7342:
7340:
7331:
7330:
7326:
7316:
7314:
7305:
7304:
7297:
7287:
7285:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7257:
7255:
7246:
7245:
7241:
7230:
7226:
7217:
7216:
7212:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7190:
7175:
7167:
7163:
7153:
7151:
7108:
7104:
7091:
7090:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7069:
7065:
7060:
7017:
7012:
7010:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6951:
6943:Main articles:
6941:
6936:
6909:who resided in
6891:
6883:Main articles:
6881:
6821:
6815:
6794:
6758:
6756:
6751:
6750:
6696:
6688:
6687:
6668:
6660:
6659:
6630:Haqqani Anjuman
6470:
6460:
6459:
6415:
6407:
6406:
6382:Sufi psychology
6372:Sufi philosophy
6228:
6220:
6219:, Baghdad, Iraq
6198:
6197:
6186:
6185:
6149:
6143:
6102:Ishikist groups
6033:
6002:
5982:Main articles:
5980:
5891:is composed of
5867:
5859:Main articles:
5857:
5848:
5812:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5680:
5672:
5671:
5662:Javad Nurbakhsh
5552:
5538:
5537:
5483:Abaza rebellion
5358:
5348:
5347:
5313:Demir Baba Teke
5278:Nur-Ali Khalifa
5183:Ahmed ar-Rifa'i
5143:Bayazid Bastami
5128:Uwais al-Qarani
5103:
5095:
5094:
5050:
5042:
5041:
4977:
4967:
4966:
4902:
4892:
4891:
4792:Wahdat al-wujud
4757:Islamic prophet
4727:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4682:
4673:
4641:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4528:Zaynab bint Ali
4508:
4500:
4499:
4470:
4460:
4459:
4373:Sulaymani Bohra
4297:
4287:
4286:
4257:Fatimah's house
4232:
4222:
4221:
4177:
4167:
4166:
4085:
4064:
4063:
4055:
4054:
4043:Salafi movement
4010:. Although the
3968:
3955:
3949:
3917:
3842:
3840:Headscarf issue
3833:
3797:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3768:Kutub al-Sittah
3757:
3749:
3748:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3636:
3635:
3606:
3596:
3595:
3553:
3552:
3527:
3512:
3511:
3487:
3477:
3476:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3392:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3351:Ja'fari Muslims
3248:
3205:Quranist Muslim
3165:
3091:considered the
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2985:
2948:
2908:Rasim Özdenören
2793:Kocatepe Mosque
2771:True Path Party
2704:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2496:Along with the
2488:personal morals
2445:
2439:
2407:Kocatepe Mosque
2382:
2376:
2318:
2202:
2194:Main articles:
2192:
2187:
2158:Turkic kingdoms
2083:Selimiye Mosque
2023:
2021:Islamic empires
2018:
2012:
1930:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1620:North Macedonia
1613:
1609:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:Islam in Europe
1521:
1510:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1447:Solomon Islands
1362:
1352:
1351:
1248:North Macedonia
1098:
1088:
1087:
903:
893:
892:
626:
616:
615:
324:
314:
287:
251:
250:
221:
220:Minor religions
213:
212:
188:
178:
177:
156:
144:Syriac Orthodox
133:
126:
116:
115:
90:
71:
56:
49:
47:Islam in Turkey
32:
31:
25:
24:
12:
11:
5:
12346:
12336:
12335:
12330:
12313:
12312:
12309:
12308:
12306:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12283:Norfolk Island
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12243:American Samoa
12239:
12237:
12231:
12230:
12228:
12227:
12222:
12216:
12214:
12213:of New Zealand
12208:
12207:
12205:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12133:
12131:
12127:
12126:
12119:
12118:
12111:
12104:
12096:
12089:
12088:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12081:
12074:
12069:
12063:
12061:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12047:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11985:
11983:
11977:
11976:
11969:
11968:
11961:
11954:
11946:
11939:
11938:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11914:Sint Eustatius
11911:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11866:
11861:
11859:Cayman Islands
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11830:
11828:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11700:
11698:
11694:
11693:
11688:
11687:
11680:
11673:
11665:
11658:
11657:
11654:
11653:
11651:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11614:
11612:
11611:other entities
11606:
11605:
11603:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11576:
11574:
11568:
11567:
11565:
11564:
11559:
11557:United Kingdom
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11370:Czech Republic
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11311:
11309:
11305:
11304:
11297:
11296:
11289:
11282:
11274:
11267:
11266:
11263:
11262:
11260:
11259:
11249:
11238:
11235:
11234:
11232:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11205:
11203:
11194:
11193:
11191:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11164:
11162:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10904:
10902:
10896:
10895:
10892:Islam in Asia
10888:
10887:
10880:
10873:
10865:
10858:
10857:
10854:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10847:Western Sahara
10844:
10827:
10814:
10805:
10791:Canary Islands
10787:
10786:
10784:
10779:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10772:
10767:
10761:
10759:
10754:
10751:
10750:
10748:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10469:
10462:
10461:
10454:
10447:
10439:
10432:
10431:
10424:
10423:
10416:
10409:
10401:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10388:
10376:
10364:
10352:
10340:
10327:
10324:
10323:
10320:
10319:
10317:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10290:
10289:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10253:
10252:
10250:Radio stations
10247:
10242:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10196:
10195:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10169:
10168:
10163:
10153:
10147:
10145:
10136:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10119:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10098:
10093:
10092:
10091:
10081:
10076:
10075:
10074:
10063:
10061:
10057:
10056:
10054:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10042:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10021:
10020:
10019:
10009:
10008:
10007:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9985:Turkish people
9981:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9950:Transportation
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9926:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9874:
9872:
9866:
9865:
9862:
9861:
9859:
9858:
9857:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9836:
9831:
9830:
9829:
9824:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9791:
9789:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9772:
9771:
9766:
9755:
9753:
9747:
9746:
9744:
9743:
9742:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9698:
9696:
9689:
9683:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9658:National parks
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9629:
9628:
9623:
9613:
9612:
9611:
9606:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9592:Climate change
9583:
9581:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9541:Marmara Region
9537:
9535:
9533:(west to east)
9522:
9516:
9515:
9512:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9487:
9486:
9475:
9473:
9469:
9468:
9466:
9465:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9448:
9446:Constitutional
9442:
9440:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9421:
9420:
9415:
9405:
9400:
9394:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9336:
9334:Transformation
9331:
9330:
9329:
9319:
9313:
9311:
9309:Ottoman Empire
9305:
9304:
9302:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9290:
9289:
9278:
9276:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9246:
9244:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9216:
9215:
9208:
9201:
9193:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9162:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9118:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9080:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9030:Turkish people
9026:
9024:
9020:
9019:
9005:
9004:
8997:
8990:
8982:
8976:
8975:
8961:
8948:Chopra, R.M.,
8946:
8936:
8929:
8918:
8907:
8904:
8901:
8900:
8891:
8865:
8852:
8850:. 2010, S. 24.
8839:
8809:
8798:The Qur'anists
8789:
8762:
8731:
8701:
8671:
8649:
8634:
8627:
8603:
8577:
8551:
8519:
8480:
8441:
8402:
8386:
8362:
8329:
8310:
8287:
8260:
8227:
8185:(3): 624–648.
8162:
8136:
8097:
8071:
8060:(2): 239–272.
8044:
8002:
7988:
7955:
7926:
7895:
7856:
7824:
7794:
7757:
7727:
7693:(4): 619–635.
7670:
7644:
7579:
7548:
7528:
7513:. T24.com.tr.
7502:
7487:(in Turkish).
7471:
7445:
7411:
7385:
7350:
7324:
7295:
7280:(in Turkish).
7265:
7239:
7224:
7219:"WVS Database"
7210:
7188:
7161:
7122:(1): 147–155.
7102:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7023:
7022:
7008:
6992:
6989:
6971:Caner Taslaman
6940:
6937:
6880:
6877:
6817:Main article:
6814:
6811:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6785:
6778:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6678:Notable modern
6675:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6362:Sufi cosmology
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6235:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6214:
6204:
6203:
6165:Iğdır Province
6145:Main article:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6080:Regular daily
6078:
6063:
6056:metempsychosis
6054:), believe in
6029:Main article:
6027:
6026:
6004:Estimates for
5979:
5976:
5964:in the history
5924:of Maymūn ibn
5887:population of
5856:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5765:Zoroastrianism
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Jelali revolts
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5612:Khalwati order
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5528:Sivas Massacre
5525:
5523:Çorum Massacre
5520:
5518:Maraş Massacre
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5283:Kaygusuz Abdal
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5148:Ibn al-Rawandi
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:Sayyida Nafisa
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Hakimah Khātūn
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:Hebtiahs Bohra
4360:
4359:
4358:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4070:
4069:
4035:Ottoman Empire
3996:Ottoman Empire
3967:
3964:
3951:Main article:
3948:
3945:
3913:Main article:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3898:Yes, I wear a
3895:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3884:Yes, I wear a
3881:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3427:Predestination
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3201:Ghair Muqallid
3197:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3130:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3101:Safavid Empire
3065:
3062:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3038:more than 85%
3036:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3007:Expropriation
3004:
2999:
2947:
2944:
2855:Aydınlar Ocağı
2806:Democrat Party
2767:Gülen movement
2739:Gülen movement
2703:
2700:
2570:Husayn ibn Ali
2568:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2528:Husayn ibn Ali
2522:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2438:
2435:
2422:Şakirin Mosque
2378:Main article:
2375:
2372:
2366:brotherhoods (
2348:Ottoman Empire
2344:secularization
2317:
2314:
2272:Constantinople
2196:Ottoman Empire
2191:
2188:
2168:, and various
2043:Islamic Empire
2022:
2019:
2011:
2008:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Czech Republic
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:United Kingdom
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1325:United Kingdom
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
749:
748:
743:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
512:
511:
509:Western Sahara
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
325:
320:
319:
316:
315:
308:
300:
299:
289:
288:
286:
285:
278:
271:
263:
260:
259:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
189:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
163:Greek Catholic
159:Latin Catholic
151:
140:Greek Orthodox
127:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
85:
66:
50:
45:
44:
41:
40:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12345:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12325:
12323:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12278:New Caledonia
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12258:Easter Island
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12240:
12238:
12232:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12209:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12134:
12132:
12128:
12124:
12117:
12112:
12110:
12105:
12103:
12098:
12097:
12094:
12090:
12080:
12075:
12073:
12072:French Guiana
12070:
12068:
12065:
12064:
12062:
12056:
12051:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11986:
11984:
11982:
11978:
11974:
11967:
11962:
11960:
11955:
11953:
11948:
11947:
11944:
11940:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11821:
11815:
11814:United States
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11701:
11699:
11695:
11686:
11681:
11679:
11674:
11672:
11667:
11666:
11663:
11659:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11623:Faroe Islands
11621:
11619:
11616:
11615:
11613:
11607:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11595:South Ossetia
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11577:
11575:
11569:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11442:Liechtenstein
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11312:
11310:
11306:
11302:
11295:
11290:
11288:
11283:
11281:
11276:
11275:
11272:
11268:
11258:
11254:
11250:
11248:
11240:
11239:
11236:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11199:
11195:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11183:South Ossetia
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11161:
11155:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10905:
10903:
10901:
10897:
10893:
10886:
10881:
10879:
10874:
10872:
10867:
10866:
10863:
10859:
10848:
10845:
10839:
10835:
10831:
10828:
10822:
10818:
10815:
10809:
10806:
10800:
10796:
10792:
10789:
10788:
10785:
10777:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10752:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10595:Guinea-Bissau
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10571:
10568:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10471:
10467:
10460:
10455:
10453:
10448:
10446:
10441:
10440:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10422:
10417:
10415:
10410:
10408:
10403:
10402:
10399:
10387:
10386:
10377:
10375:
10374:
10365:
10363:
10362:
10353:
10351:
10350:
10341:
10339:
10338:
10333:
10329:
10328:
10325:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10288:
10285:
10284:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10237:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10194:
10191:
10190:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10144:
10140:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10103:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10090:
10087:
10086:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10073:
10070:
10069:
10068:
10065:
10064:
10062:
10058:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10022:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10013:
10010:
10006:
10003:
10002:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9980:
9978:
9974:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9867:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9841:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9793:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9761:
9760:
9757:
9756:
9754:
9752:
9748:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9621:Air pollution
9619:
9618:
9617:
9614:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9600:
9597:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9578:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9546:Aegean Region
9544:
9542:
9539:
9538:
9536:
9530:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9517:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9491:Turkification
9489:
9485:
9482:
9481:
9480:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9470:
9464:
9461:
9457:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9437:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9410:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9391:
9387:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9374:
9371:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9328:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9322:Classical Age
9320:
9318:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9310:
9306:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9283:
9282:Seljuk Empire
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9267:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9228:
9223:
9214:
9209:
9207:
9202:
9200:
9195:
9194:
9191:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9159:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9111:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9059:
9058:
9055:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9012:
9003:
8998:
8996:
8991:
8989:
8984:
8983:
8980:
8974:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8945:
8941:
8937:
8934:
8930:
8927:
8923:
8919:
8916:
8915:
8910:
8909:
8895:
8879:
8875:
8869:
8862:
8856:
8849:
8843:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8813:
8806:
8802:
8799:
8793:
8777:
8773:
8766:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8735:
8719:
8715:
8708:
8706:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8675:
8659:
8653:
8647:
8643:
8638:
8630:
8624:
8620:
8616:
8615:
8607:
8592:
8588:
8581:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8523:
8516:
8513:
8509:
8507:
8501:
8497:
8496:
8490:
8484:
8477:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8464:
8458:
8455:
8451:
8445:
8429:
8425:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8406:
8399:
8397:
8390:
8383:
8379:
8376:
8375:Today's Zaman
8372:
8366:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8336:
8334:
8317:
8313:
8307:
8303:
8302:
8294:
8292:
8275:
8271:
8264:
8248:
8244:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8173:
8166:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8111:The Telegraph
8108:
8101:
8085:
8081:
8075:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8048:
8032:
8028:
8027:10.58079/smk9
8024:
8020:
8013:
8011:
8009:
8007:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7962:
7960:
7943:
7939:
7933:
7931:
7924:
7922:
7921:Amman Message
7916:
7913:
7910:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7880:
7873:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7861:
7841:
7834:
7828:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7798:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7762:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7731:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7681:
7674:
7658:
7654:
7648:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7590:
7583:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7552:
7546:
7545:0-8157-3283-X
7542:
7538:
7532:
7516:
7512:
7506:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7475:
7459:
7455:
7449:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7418:
7416:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7338:
7334:
7328:
7312:
7308:
7302:
7300:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7235:
7228:
7220:
7214:
7195:
7191:
7185:
7181:
7174:
7173:
7165:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7106:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7084:
7067:
7063:
7053:
7052:Turkish adhan
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7020:
7009:
7006:
7005:Turkey portal
6995:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6946:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6886:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6827:community in
6826:
6820:
6807:
6804:Turkish Sufi
6802:
6791:
6786:
6784:
6779:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6755:
6754:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6673:Notable early
6671:
6670:
6667:List of sufis
6664:
6663:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6464:
6463:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6411:
6410:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6194:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6169:Kars Province
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6148:
6136:
6134:
6128:
6126:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6044:) claim that
6043:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6013:to refer all
6012:
6007:
6001:
6000:Alevi history
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5871:
5866:
5862:
5845:
5840:
5838:
5833:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5809:
5808:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5642:Chepni people
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5592:Mevlevi Order
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5418:Kaykhusraw II
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5398:Ishaq al-Turk
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:Alevi history
5352:
5351:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:Shaykh Haydar
5261:
5259:
5258:Shaykh Junayd
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:Yusuf Hamdani
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:Nasir Khusraw
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4649:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:Dawoodi Bohra
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:Eid al-Ghadir
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4021:(which apply
4020:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3959:
3954:
3947:Denominations
3944:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3629:Ahl al-Hadith
3626:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Judgement Day
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:Alevi history
3206:
3202:
3198:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3150:were closed.
3149:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:Shah Ismail I
3078:
3077:Shah Ismail I
3074:
3070:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2899:İslamcı Aydın
2895:
2892:Although the
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2554:
2550:
2549:Hasan ibn Ali
2544:
2533:
2529:
2526:at right and
2525:
2519:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1838: < 1%
1833:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Liechtenstein
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539: 95–100%
1534:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1460:
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1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:New Caledonia
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
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1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Liechtenstein
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
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1179:
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1084:
1081:
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1076:
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1073:United States
1071:
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1046:
1044:
1041:
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1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
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1004:
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988:French Guiana
986:
984:
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979:
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450:
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445:
444:Guinea-Bissau
442:
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48:
43:
42:
39:
36:
35:
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23:
20:
19:
16:
12234:Dependencies
12220:Cook Islands
12055:Dependencies
11919:Sint Maarten
11899:Saint Martin
11600:Transnistria
11562:Vatican City
11546:
11198:Dependencies
11128:Turkmenistan
11122:
11093:Saudi Arabia
10830:Saint Helena
10801:
10705:South Africa
10695:Sierra Leone
10500:Burkina Faso
10383:
10371:
10359:
10347:
10335:
10220:Illumination
10156:Architecture
10084:Human rights
10072:Universities
10016:
9990:Ethnic Kurds
9977:Demographics
9888:Construction
9067:Christianity
9061:
9035:Ethnic Kurds
8968:
8949:
8939:
8932:
8912:
8911:Bein, Amit.
8894:
8882:. Retrieved
8878:the original
8868:
8860:
8855:
8847:
8842:
8830:. Retrieved
8821:
8812:
8792:
8780:. Retrieved
8765:
8753:. Retrieved
8744:
8734:
8722:. Retrieved
8692:. Retrieved
8683:
8674:
8662:. Retrieved
8652:
8645:
8637:
8613:
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8594:. Retrieved
8590:
8580:
8568:. Retrieved
8554:
8542:. Retrieved
8538:the original
8531:
8522:
8503:
8492:
8488:
8483:
8460:
8444:
8432:. Retrieved
8415:
8405:
8395:
8389:
8374:
8365:
8353:. Retrieved
8344:
8320:. Retrieved
8300:
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8263:
8251:. Retrieved
8242:
8218:. Retrieved
8182:
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8165:
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8139:
8127:. Retrieved
8110:
8100:
8088:. Retrieved
8084:the original
8074:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8035:. Retrieved
7979:. Retrieved
7970:
7946:. Retrieved
7942:the original
7918:
7886:. Retrieved
7879:the original
7847:. Retrieved
7827:
7815:. Retrieved
7806:
7797:
7785:. Retrieved
7776:
7748:. Retrieved
7739:
7730:
7718:. Retrieved
7690:
7686:
7673:
7661:. Retrieved
7647:
7635:. Retrieved
7599:
7595:
7582:
7572:23 September
7570:. Retrieved
7561:
7551:
7536:
7531:
7519:. Retrieved
7505:
7493:. Retrieved
7484:
7474:
7462:. Retrieved
7448:
7436:. Retrieved
7427:
7402:. Retrieved
7388:
7376:. Retrieved
7368:pewforum.org
7367:
7341:. Retrieved
7337:the original
7327:
7317:22 September
7315:. Retrieved
7286:. Retrieved
7277:
7268:
7256:. Retrieved
7242:
7227:
7213:
7201:. Retrieved
7171:
7164:
7152:. Retrieved
7119:
7115:
7105:
7097:the original
7087:
7066:
7019:Islam portal
6979:
6952:
6892:
6822:
6610:Ni'matullāhī
6575:Sülaymaniyya
6560:Maizbhandari
6172:
6150:
6130:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6105:
6059:
6049:
6003:
5953:Muslim sects
5943:
5937:
5876:
5715:Baháʼí Faith
5667:Galibi Order
5652:Ni'matullāhī
5627:Babai Revolt
5572:Akbari Sufis
5562:Qalandariyya
5423:Babai revolt
5343:Torlak Kemal
5293:Balım Sultan
5218:Zahed Gilani
4752:Muhammad-Ali
4713:
4681:
4652:
4538:Umm al-Banin
4267:Second Fitna
4147:Intercession
4137:Judgment Day
4047:
4023:Ilm al-Kalam
3982:madh'hab of
3969:
3939:
3918:
3862:No, I do not
3766:
3697:Ahl-i Hadith
3637:In terms of
3634:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3551:
3445:Five Pillars
3331:
3285:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3143:
2968:
2933:
2897:
2891:
2885:and then in
2871:
2839:
2813:divinity at
2811:
2802:
2759:
2743:Sülaymānīyyā
2709:
2705:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2652:Hagia Sophia
2630:rather than
2625:
2582:
2574:Hagia Sophia
2553:Hagia Sophia
2532:Hagia Sophia
2484:Şeyhülislams
2465:
2446:
2388:
2383:
2341:
2307:
2274:(modern day
2269:
2218:
2160:such as the
2135:
2130:
2127:Seljuk Turks
2092:
2036:
1984:Muslim sects
1974:) being the
1969:
1938:
1937:
1633: 10–20%
1612: 30–35%
1586: 50–55%
1565: 90–95%
1551:
1522:
1382:Cook Islands
868:Turkmenistan
862:
828:Saudi Arabia
571:South Africa
561:Sierra Leone
349:Burkina Faso
46:
15:
12167:New Zealand
11889:Puerto Rico
11799:Saint Lucia
11749:El Salvador
11638:Isle of Man
11573:recognition
11542:Switzerland
11477:Netherlands
11257:Asia portal
11158:States with
11078:Philippines
11018:South Korea
11013:North Korea
10908:Afghanistan
10757:recognition
10710:South Sudan
10600:Ivory Coast
10373:WikiProject
10304:Video games
10096:Individuals
10089:LGBT rights
10079:Health care
10046:Immigration
9827:Gendarmerie
9786:Referendums
9702:Legislative
9599:Earthquakes
9484:Oghuz Turks
9373:Dissolution
9094:Immigration
8832:22 November
8782:23 February
8755:23 February
8724:23 February
8694:22 November
8528:"Religions"
8493:Maymūn ibn
8474:pp. 14–15,
8463:Family tree
8434:10 November
8394:Halverson,
8355:22 November
8280:10 November
8155:11 November
8090:23 February
8037:23 February
7750:23 February
7663:22 November
6957:, known as
6741:Persecution
6468:Sufi orders
6377:Sufi poetry
6157:Azerbaijani
6077:population.
5800:Panentheism
5785:Manichaeism
5705:Khurramites
5557:Malamatiyya
5223:Sari Saltik
4468:Ahl al-Kisa
4383:Qutbi Bohra
4378:Alavi Bohra
4356:Progressive
4282:Persecution
4262:First Fitna
4217:Omar Koshan
4202:Eid al-Adha
4197:Eid al-Fitr
4100:Prophethood
3984:Sunni Islam
3976:Sunni Islam
3966:Sunni Islam
3783:Persecution
3619:Ahl al-Ra'y
3371:Sunni Islam
3263:Sufi orders
3238:Kizilbashes
3136:corps, the
2936:coup d'état
2925:materialism
2597:monasteries
2585:Şeyhülislam
2530:at left in
2476:rationalist
2472:anachronism
2309:Şeyhülislam
2162:Danishmends
2140:and allied
2101:rivals the
2039:Arab armies
1980:Sunni Islam
1717:Switzerland
1712:Netherlands
1674: 5–10%
1422:New Zealand
1315:Switzerland
1243:Netherlands
1053:Saint Lucia
983:El Salvador
818:Philippines
746:South Korea
741:North Korea
631:Afghanistan
576:South Sudan
449:Ivory Coast
54:Sunni Islam
12322:Categories
11884:Montserrat
11879:Martinique
11874:Guadeloupe
11729:Costa Rica
11512:San Marino
11472:Montenegro
11452:Luxembourg
11432:Kazakhstan
11335:Azerbaijan
11138:Uzbekistan
11113:Tajikistan
11028:Kyrgyzstan
11008:Kazakhstan
10928:Bangladesh
10918:Azerbaijan
10812:(Portugal)
10770:Somaliland
10690:Seychelles
10655:Mozambique
10640:Mauritania
10625:Madagascar
10580:The Gambia
10515:Cape Verde
10245:Newspapers
10230:Literature
10210:Folk dance
10111:Corruption
9995:Minorities
9923:Renewables
9878:Automotive
9687:Government
9418:Secularism
9077:Irreligion
9040:Minorities
8944:Amazon.com
8664:29 January
8506:Al-Khaṣībī
7464:1 November
7378:29 October
7154:27 October
7079:References
6934:Khalidiyya
6930:Naqshbandi
6853:Iskenderun
6736:Sufi music
6505:Suhrawardi
6495:Naqshbandi
6161:Azerbaijan
6094:Qizilbashs
5996:Batiniyyah
5882:Shia Islam
5880:branch of
5855:Shia Islam
5755:Nabataeans
5750:Gnosticism
5685:Isma'ilism
5587:Naqshbandi
5513:Seyid Riza
5438:Bayezid II
5428:Baba Ishak
5393:Al-Muqanna
5383:Abu Muslim
5328:Kul Nesîmî
5288:Otman Baba
5228:Yunus Emre
5049:Leadership
4962:Müsahiplik
4927:Hıdırellez
4887:Psychology
4882:Philosophy
4847:Four Doors
4700:Kaysanites
4523:Umm Salama
4507:Holy women
4095:Holy Books
4090:Monotheism
4066:Shia Islam
3762:Literature
3727:Holy sites
3615:Maturidism
3472:Pilgrimage
3407:Holy books
3329:Nakşibendi
3075:supported
2929:capitalist
2912:İsmet Özel
2779:Enver Ören
2773:while the
2724:Khālidiyyā
2720:Nakşibendi
2707:religion.
2502:Shia Imams
2441:See also:
2397:Six Arrows
2386:Secularism
2255:—who were
2138:Alp Arslan
2058:Golden Age
2014:See also:
1978:school of
1921:San Marino
1807: 1–2%
1779:Luxembourg
1771: 2–4%
1745: 4–5%
1656:Montenegro
1547:Azerbaijan
1407:Micronesia
1285:San Marino
1238:Montenegro
1218:Luxembourg
958:Costa Rica
878:Uzbekistan
853:Tajikistan
758:Kyrgyzstan
731:Kazakhstan
681:East Timor
651:Bangladesh
641:Azerbaijan
556:Seychelles
516:Mozambique
489:Mauritania
474:Madagascar
364:Cape Verde
313:by country
173:Protestant
101:Naqshbandi
69:Shia Islam
12137:Australia
12044:Venezuela
11989:Argentina
11869:Greenland
11784:Nicaragua
11759:Guatemala
11628:Gibraltar
11447:Lithuania
11224:Hong Kong
11178:Palestine
11103:Sri Lanka
11098:Singapore
10978:Indonesia
10645:Mauritius
10299:TV series
10257:Miniature
10200:Festivals
10116:Terrorism
10067:Education
10000:Languages
9844:Air Force
9759:Elections
9707:Executive
9653:Mountains
9520:Geography
9439:Overviews
9378:Partition
9344:Tulip era
9084:Education
9045:Languages
8596:14 August
8498:were the
8424:0015-7120
8322:20 August
8253:11 August
8207:148657630
8199:1755-0483
8129:14 August
8119:0307-1235
7981:14 August
7948:14 August
7817:17 August
7787:14 August
7707:151448076
7624:159047564
7616:1468-3857
7602:: 79–98.
7495:13 August
7343:12 August
7203:23 August
7136:0972-0073
6959:Quranists
6640:Issawiyya
6615:Qalandari
6580:Salihiyya
6475:Ba 'Alawi
6435:Muraqabah
6414:Practices
6113:Ishikists
6107:Yazdânism
6038:Qizilbash
5992:Qizilbash
5904:Batiniyya
5790:Shamanism
5780:Mandaeism
5775:Zurvanism
5760:Zoroaster
5725:Yarsanism
5617:Bayramiye
5607:Qizilbash
5602:Safaviyya
5597:Zahediyeh
5567:Qadiriyya
5498:Mahmud II
5198:Ahi Evren
5188:Ibn Arabi
5032:al-Askari
4997:al-Abidin
4900:Practices
4877:Cosmology
4696:Hurufiyya
4692:Batiniyya
4558:Shahrbanu
4443:Qizilbash
3744:Jerusalem
3704:Modernism
3692:Wahhabism
3652:al-Wijdan
3611:Ash'arism
3134:Janissary
3103:. Today,
3093:Qizilbash
3085:Qizilbash
2997:Religions
2990:in Turkey
2927:, in its
2904:Ali Bulaç
2835:socialist
2831:1980 coup
2775:Işıkçılar
2751:İsmailağa
2660:Mehmet II
2589:hierarchy
2356:caliphate
2325:President
2296:judiciary
2233:Safaviyya
2225:heterodox
2136:In 1068,
2065:Caliphate
1891:Lithuania
1367:Australia
1278:Tatarstan
1213:Lithuania
1083:Venezuela
1028:Nicaragua
998:Guatemala
913:Argentina
838:Sri Lanka
833:Singapore
813:Palestine
701:Indonesia
691:Hong Kong
494:Mauritius
208:Sabbatean
203:Romaniote
198:Ashkenazi
12152:Kiribati
12034:Suriname
12024:Paraguay
12009:Colombia
11834:Anguilla
11769:Honduras
11739:Dominica
11714:Barbados
11648:Svalbard
11633:Guernsey
11580:Abkhazia
11527:Slovenia
11522:Slovakia
11497:Portugal
11355:Bulgaria
11247:Category
11168:Abkhazia
11118:Thailand
11073:Pakistan
11053:Mongolia
11048:Maldives
11043:Malaysia
10943:Cambodia
10836: /
10832: /
10825:(France)
10819: /
10797: /
10793: /
10745:Zimbabwe
10720:Tanzania
10570:Ethiopia
10565:Eswatini
10545:Djibouti
10510:Cameroon
10495:Botswana
10349:Category
10287:Football
10272:Painting
10215:Folklore
10123:Marriage
10029:Istanbul
10012:Religion
9965:Railways
9955:Aviation
9893:Currency
9751:Politics
9719:Judicial
9695:Branches
9673:Wildlife
9463:Military
9451:Economic
9356:Tanzimat
9057:Religion
8846:Öztürk:
8826:Archived
8801:Archived
8776:Archived
8749:Archived
8718:Archived
8688:Archived
8564:Archived
8478:, 1873.)
8428:Archived
8378:Archived
8349:Archived
8316:Archived
8304:. CRVP.
8274:Archived
8247:Archived
8211:Archived
8149:Archived
8123:Archived
8031:Archived
7975:Archived
7915:madh'hab
7840:Archived
7811:Archived
7781:Archived
7744:Archived
7740:La Croix
7711:Archived
7657:Archived
7628:Archived
7566:Archived
7515:Archived
7489:Archived
7458:Archived
7454:"Sufism"
7432:Archived
7398:Archived
7372:Archived
7311:Archived
7282:Archived
7258:27 April
7252:Archived
7194:Archived
7148:Archived
7144:55540974
6991:See also
6977:itself.
6945:Quranism
6939:Quranism
6885:Tasawwuf
6861:Çukurova
6849:Alawites
6847:, where
6845:Samandağ
6813:Alawites
6600:Shattari
6565:Malamati
6515:Khalwati
6500:Shadhili
6480:Bektashi
6450:Whirling
6420:Anasheed
6347:Qalandar
6215:Tomb of
6189:a series
6187:Part of
6141:Ja'faris
6119:Yarsanis
6060:tanāsukh
6042:Hurufism
5988:Bektashi
5984:Aleviler
5972:Anatolia
5968:Shi'ites
5961:Kızılbaş
5945:Aleviler
5933:Alawites
5795:Tengrism
5745:Ishikism
5695:Alawites
5632:Hurufism
5545:Related
5298:Gül Baba
5273:Ismail I
5037:al-Mahdi
5012:al-Kazim
5007:al-Sadiq
5002:al-Baqir
4689:Ismāʿīli
4664:Istanbul
4475:Muhammad
4431:Bektashi
4407:Satpanth
4341:Musta'li
4336:Isma'ili
4247:Mubahala
4187:Arba'een
4058:a series
4056:Part of
4029:and the
4012:Maturidi
3980:Hanafite
3974:and the
3931:Istanbul
3922:citadels
3687:Salafism
3656:al-Kashf
3625:Atharism
3492:Abu Bakr
3363:a series
3361:Part of
3321:Malamati
3288:Gulshani
3271:Bektashi
3183:Alawites
3181:Islam -
3158:Islam -
3148:convent)
3138:Bektashi
3128:Bektashi
3126:Islam -
3113:Bektashi
3089:Ottomans
3055:Islam -
3028:Islam -
3009:measures
2921:Islamist
2883:Istanbul
2692:Istanbul
2656:basilica
2426:Istanbul
2276:Istanbul
2257:orthodox
2253:Ottomans
2231:was the
2229:Anatolia
2213:Istanbul
2174:Crusades
2142:Turkoman
2133:rulers.
2131:de facto
2123:Fatimids
2117:in 961,
2103:Fatimids
2069:Damascus
1996:Alawites
1992:Ja'faris
1926:Slovakia
1911:Portugal
1789:Slovenia
1641:Bulgaria
1397:Kiribati
1340:Scotland
1300:Slovenia
1295:Slovakia
1263:Portugal
1133:Bulgaria
1063:Suriname
1038:Paraguay
1013:Honduras
968:Dominica
953:Colombia
923:Barbados
901:Americas
858:Thailand
808:Pakistan
788:Mongolia
783:Maldives
778:Malaysia
666:Cambodia
611:Zimbabwe
586:Tanzania
419:Ethiopia
414:Eswatini
394:Djibouti
359:Cameroon
344:Botswana
231:Tengrism
193:Sephardi
154:Catholic
93:Bektashi
12298:Tokelau
12202:Vanuatu
12039:Uruguay
12014:Ecuador
11994:Bolivia
11864:Curaçao
11849:Bonaire
11844:Bermuda
11774:Jamaica
11754:Grenada
11709:Bahamas
11552:Ukraine
11502:Romania
11462:Moldova
11420:Ireland
11415:Iceland
11410:Hungary
11400:Germany
11395:Georgia
11385:Finland
11380:Estonia
11375:Denmark
11360:Croatia
11345:Belgium
11340:Belarus
11330:Austria
11325:Armenia
11320:Andorra
11315:Albania
11143:Vietnam
11058:Myanmar
11038:Lebanon
10968:Georgia
10923:Bahrain
10913:Armenia
10821:Réunion
10817:Mayotte
10808:Madeira
10803:(Spain)
10799:Melilla
10730:Tunisia
10700:Somalia
10685:Senegal
10670:Nigeria
10660:Namibia
10650:Morocco
10615:Liberia
10610:Lesotho
10560:Eritrea
10530:Comoros
10505:Burundi
10480:Algeria
10385:Outline
10361:Commons
10294:Theater
10277:Pottery
10193:Ottoman
10188:Cuisine
10166:Ottoman
10143:Culture
10128:Poverty
10060:Society
9945:Tourism
9898:Defense
9870:Economy
9712:Cabinet
9643:Geology
9587:Climate
9529:Regions
9456:Ottoman
9274:Beyliks
9270:Seljuks
9235:History
9099:Poverty
9072:Judaism
8942:(2003)
8884:14 July
8614:Shi'ism
8512:Nusayri
8470:Tariqat
8467:Nusayri
8465:of the
8400:: 38–48
8239:"TR100"
7909:Islamic
7888:8 March
7849:8 March
7773:"TR100"
7521:4 April
7438:6 April
7404:10 June
7333:"Shi'a"
6982:Turkish
6975:Diyanet
6918:Mevlevi
6903:shaikhs
6889:Ṭarīqah
6857:Antakya
6825:Alawite
6746:Ziyarat
6731:History
6721:Ma'rifa
6683:Singers
6645:Jerrahi
6635:Inayati
6595:Mevlevi
6590:Kubrawi
6585:Azeemia
6570:Mouridi
6555:Jelveti
6550:Bayrami
6540:Darqawi
6520:Rahmani
6490:Chishti
6455:Ziyarat
6440:Qawwali
6392:Tazkiah
6357:Silsila
6332:Murshid
6317:Ma'rifa
6297:Karamat
6252:Dervish
6147:Ja'fari
6098:Hurufis
6090:Ramadan
6086:fasting
6031:Alevism
5931:of the
5893:Ja'fari
5878:Twelver
5740:Sabians
5720:Yazdanī
5637:Nuqtavi
5622:Jelveti
5550:Ṭarīqah
5478:Selim I
5468:Şahkulu
5388:Sunpadh
5113:Fatimah
5060:Murshid
5027:al-Naqi
5022:al-Taqi
5017:ar-Rida
4957:Fasting
4917:Taqiyya
4912:Zeyārat
4832:Keramat
4787:Marifat
4777:Tariqat
4772:Buyruks
4726:Beliefs
4716:Alevism
4707:Shī‘ism
4704:Twelver
4660:Kadıköy
4654:Şahkulu
4346:Tayyibi
4317:Shaykhi
4307:Akhbari
4302:Ja'fari
4230:History
4120:Twelver
4115:Ismaili
4110:Imamate
4016:Ash'ari
4004:Shafi'i
4000:Hanafis
3778:History
3547:Hanbali
3542:Shafi'i
3521:schools
3467:Fasting
3462:Charity
3390:Beliefs
3338:Haqqani
3325:Mevlevi
3304:Sunbuli
3300:Rahmani
3292:Jerrahi
3283:Halveti
3279:Jelveti
3275:Bayrami
3160:Ja'fari
3146:dervish
3034:Shafi'i
2975:Atatürk
2971:Diyanet
2916:Marxist
2894:tarikah
2879:Kanal 7
2851:Turkish
2735:Cemaati
2716:Mevlevi
2648:mosques
2628:Turkish
2468:science
2391:laiklik
2364:dervish
2288:Selim I
2249:Bektaşi
2245:Safavid
2170:Atabegs
2146:eastern
2115:Cilicia
2073:Baghdad
2062:Abbasid
2055:Islamic
2033:period.
2031:Abbasid
2010:History
1972:maddhab
1961:Seljuks
1953:Turkish
1951:. Most
1916:Romania
1896:Moldova
1881:Iceland
1876:Hungary
1871:Finland
1866:Estonia
1856:Belarus
1851:Armenia
1846:Andorra
1825:Ukraine
1820:Ireland
1815:Croatia
1732:Denmark
1697:Germany
1692:Belgium
1682:Austria
1651:Georgia
1594:Albania
1462:Vanuatu
1360:Oceania
1330:England
1320:Ukraine
1268:Romania
1228:Moldova
1188:Ireland
1183:Iceland
1178:Hungary
1168:Germany
1158:Finland
1153:Estonia
1148:Denmark
1143:Czechia
1138:Croatia
1123:Belgium
1118:Belarus
1113:Austria
1108:Andorra
1103:Albania
1078:Uruguay
1018:Jamaica
993:Grenada
978:Ecuador
933:Bolivia
918:Bahamas
883:Vietnam
793:Myanmar
768:Lebanon
686:Georgia
646:Bahrain
636:Armenia
596:Tunisia
566:Somalia
551:Senegal
536:Réunion
531:Nigeria
521:Namibia
504:Morocco
499:Mayotte
464:Liberia
459:Lesotho
409:Eritrea
379:Comoros
354:Burundi
329:Algeria
311:Muslims
131:Eastern
97:Mawlawi
82:Nusayri
78:Ja'fari
63:Shafi'i
12273:Hawaii
12197:Tuvalu
12019:Guyana
11999:Brazil
11789:Panama
11779:Mexico
11724:Canada
11719:Belize
11643:Jersey
11585:Kosovo
11547:Turkey
11537:Sweden
11517:Serbia
11507:Russia
11492:Poland
11487:Norway
11467:Monaco
11437:Latvia
11405:Greece
11390:France
11365:Cyprus
11188:Taiwan
11123:Turkey
11088:Russia
11023:Kuwait
11003:Jordan
10993:Israel
10953:Cyprus
10938:Brunei
10933:Bhutan
10840:
10823:
10810:
10740:Zambia
10735:Uganda
10675:Rwanda
10630:Malawi
10590:Guinea
10485:Angola
10337:Portal
10282:Sports
10183:Cinema
10178:Carpet
10161:Seljuk
10151:Anthem
10034:Ankara
9903:Energy
9795:Topics
9663:Rivers
9580:Topics
9472:Topics
9227:Turkey
9089:Health
9023:Topics
8956:
8950:Sufism
8625:
8591:Medium
8570:9 July
8544:9 July
8515:tariqa
8500:murids
8476:Beirut
8450:aqidah
8422:
8398:, 2010
8308:
8220:4 June
8205:
8197:
8145:"CSIA"
8117:
7720:4 June
7705:
7637:4 June
7622:
7614:
7543:
7288:21 May
7186:
7142:
7134:
6963:Turkey
6955:hadith
6932:, and
6926:Rifa`i
6922:Qadiri
6895:Sufism
6879:Sufism
6873:Mersin
6869:Tarsus
6829:Turkey
6716:Haqiqa
6711:Tariqa
6706:Sharia
6701:Tawhid
6655:Zahedi
6650:Madari
6625:Galibi
6620:Akbari
6605:Uwaisi
6545:Senusi
6535:Tijani
6530:Desuqi
6525:Badawi
6510:Rifa`i
6485:Qadiri
6402:Yaqeen
6312:Manzil
6307:Lataif
6277:Haqiqa
6200:Sufism
6125:Alevis
6100:, and
5998:, and
5978:Alevis
5922:aqidah
5911:aqidah
5908:Sufism
5896:aqidah
5889:Turkey
5885:Muslim
5770:Mazdak
5730:Yazidi
5710:Bábism
5690:Nizari
5582:Uwaisi
5577:Rifa'i
5547:Muslim
5413:Maziar
5308:Alians
5303:Fuzûlî
5090:Cemevi
5080:Dergah
5070:Rehber
4992:Husayn
4942:Mawlid
4932:Nowruz
4922:Ashura
4872:Poetry
4867:Yaqeen
4862:Sulook
4852:Manzil
4842:Lataif
4782:Haqiqa
4685:Nizari
4674:
4573:Narjis
4513:Fatima
4495:Husayn
4485:Fatima
4448:Ishiki
4416:Ghulat
4397:Nizari
4390:Hafizi
4329:Houthi
4277:Origin
4192:Mawlid
4182:Ashura
4152:Clergy
4132:Angels
4039:Athari
4037:, the
4031:hadith
3988:Hanafi
3986:. The
3972:Muslim
3933:, and
3927:Ankara
3900:çarşaf
3886:türban
3739:Medina
3714:Farahi
3590:Jariri
3583:Laythi
3576:Thawri
3569:Awza'i
3562:Zahiri
3554:Others
3537:Maliki
3532:Hanafi
3519:Sunni
3502:Uthman
3457:Prayer
3432:Sahaba
3417:Angels
3347:Galibi
3343:Qadiri
3334:Halidi
3313:Hurufi
3308:Ussaki
3296:Nasuhi
3244:, and
3242:Khatai
3105:Cemevi
3073:Alevis
3032:&
3030:Hanafi
2963:mosque
2910:, and
2887:Ankara
2874:Qur'an
2797:Ankara
2755:Sheikh
2712:Kadiri
2696:Ankara
2632:Arabic
2605:Sharia
2601:vakıfs
2480:clergy
2461:Turkey
2457:Ankara
2411:Ankara
2368:Tariqa
2338:(1930)
2336:Amasya
2300:vizier
2292:sharia
2284:caliph
2280:Thrace
2164:, the
2119:Cyprus
2107:Buyids
2099:Shiite
2087:Edirne
2053:. The
2045:. The
1988:Alevis
1976:Hanafi
1957:Hanafi
1945:Turkey
1906:Poland
1901:Monaco
1886:Latvia
1836:
1805:
1769:
1758:Serbia
1743:
1727:Norway
1702:Greece
1687:Sweden
1672:
1661:Russia
1646:France
1631:
1610:
1584:
1573:Kosovo
1563:
1552:Turkey
1537:
1457:Tuvalu
1310:Sweden
1290:Serbia
1273:Russia
1258:Poland
1253:Norway
1233:Monaco
1203:Latvia
1198:Kosovo
1173:Greece
1163:France
1096:Europe
1033:Panama
1023:Mexico
1003:Guyana
943:Canada
938:Brazil
928:Belize
863:Turkey
848:Taiwan
753:Kuwait
726:Jordan
716:Israel
676:Cyprus
661:Brunei
656:Bhutan
606:Zambia
601:Uganda
541:Rwanda
479:Malawi
439:Guinea
429:Gambia
334:Angola
322:Africa
105:Qadiri
88:Sufism
59:Hanafi
12192:Tonga
12182:Samoa
12172:Palau
12162:Nauru
12004:Chile
11839:Aruba
11764:Haiti
11618:Åland
11532:Spain
11457:Malta
11427:Italy
11229:Macau
11148:Yemen
11108:Syria
11083:Qatar
11063:Nepal
10998:Japan
10973:India
10963:Egypt
10948:China
10795:Ceuta
10715:Sudan
10665:Niger
10620:Libya
10605:Kenya
10585:Ghana
10575:Gabon
10550:Egypt
10490:Benin
10267:Names
10262:Music
10235:Media
10106:Crime
10039:İzmir
9648:Lakes
9633:Fauna
9161:Lists
9062:Islam
8487:Both
8214:(PDF)
8203:S2CID
8175:(PDF)
7882:(PDF)
7875:(PDF)
7843:(PDF)
7836:(PDF)
7714:(PDF)
7703:S2CID
7683:(PDF)
7631:(PDF)
7620:S2CID
7592:(PDF)
7197:(PDF)
7176:(PDF)
7140:S2CID
7058:Notes
6911:Lefka
6899:Egypt
6865:Adana
6841:Defne
6837:Arsuz
6430:Haḍra
6425:Dhikr
6387:Salik
6327:Murid
6322:Maqam
6302:Kashf
6287:Irfan
6282:Ihsan
6262:Fakir
6257:Dhawq
6247:Baqaa
6233:Abdal
6227:Ideas
6193:Islam
6133:Dedes
6110:like
6082:salat
6071:Sunni
6067:Islam
6051:ḥulūl
6011:Alevi
6006:Alevi
5950:Shi'a
5940:Shi'a
5700:Druze
5238:Nāimī
5118:Khidr
5075:Babas
4987:Hasan
4947:Music
4907:Zakat
4822:Kashf
4817:Ihsan
4802:Baqaa
4767:Batin
4762:Zahir
4737:Quran
4732:Allah
4553:Rubab
4490:Hasan
4426:Alevi
4421:Alawi
4402:Khoja
4324:Zaydi
4312:Usuli
4252:Khumm
4125:Zaydi
4027:Quran
3935:İzmir
3857:2021
3756:Lists
3734:Mecca
3650:(Ahl
3648:Sufis
3639:Ihsan
3317:Rüfai
3267:Alevi
3265:like
3257:Sunni
3209:~2%
3141:tekke
3109:Alevi
3097:Alevi
3057:Alevi
3026:Sunni
2979:Sunni
2959:Adana
2664:imams
2640:Allah
2636:Tanrı
2506:Sunni
2332:Mufti
2304:mufti
2237:Shi'a
2111:Crete
2095:Crete
2051:Islam
1940:Islam
1794:Spain
1784:Malta
1753:Italy
1452:Tonga
1442:Samoa
1432:Palau
1412:Nauru
1345:Wales
1305:Spain
1223:Malta
1193:Italy
1008:Haiti
948:Chile
888:Yemen
843:Syria
823:Qatar
798:Nepal
773:Macau
736:Korea
721:Japan
696:India
671:China
581:Sudan
526:Niger
469:Libya
454:Kenya
434:Ghana
424:Gabon
399:Egypt
339:Benin
74:Alevi
12268:Guam
12225:Niue
12147:Fiji
12029:Peru
11909:Saba
11734:Cuba
11068:Oman
11033:Laos
10988:Iraq
10983:Iran
10725:Togo
10635:Mali
10525:Chad
10309:Wine
10205:Flag
9908:Coal
9854:Navy
9849:Land
9317:Rise
9272:and
9152:2020
9147:2010
9142:2000
9137:1990
9132:1965
9127:1935
9122:1927
8954:ISBN
8886:2013
8834:2021
8784:2017
8757:2017
8745:Time
8726:2017
8696:2021
8666:2024
8623:ISBN
8598:2022
8572:2016
8546:2016
8491:and
8457:fiqh
8436:2019
8420:ISSN
8357:2021
8324:2015
8306:ISBN
8282:2019
8255:2022
8222:2020
8195:ISSN
8157:2019
8131:2022
8115:ISSN
8092:2017
8039:2017
7983:2022
7950:2022
7919:the
7912:fiqh
7890:2013
7851:2013
7819:2022
7789:2022
7752:2017
7722:2020
7665:2021
7639:2020
7612:ISSN
7574:2020
7541:ISBN
7523:2020
7497:2020
7466:2010
7440:2018
7406:2016
7380:2013
7345:2009
7319:2016
7290:2023
7260:2014
7205:2023
7184:ISBN
7156:2020
7132:ISSN
6980:The
6969:and
6947:and
6887:and
6871:and
6855:and
6843:and
6445:Sama
6397:Wali
6352:Qutb
6337:Nafs
6292:Ishq
6267:Fana
6173:i.e.
6167:and
6131:the
6116:and
6084:and
6075:Shia
6073:and
6040:and
6019:Shia
6015:Shia
5929:fiqh
5918:fiqh
5900:fiqh
5898:and
5863:and
5208:Rumi
5055:Dede
4937:Saya
4827:Nafs
4807:Fana
4702:and
4014:and
3893:10%
3879:48%
3868:41%
3854:2011
3613:and
3497:Umar
3349:and
3203:and
3187:~1%
3179:Shia
3164:~1%
3156:Shia
3124:Shia
3064:Yes
3053:Shia
2777:and
2749:and
2726:and
2694:and
2621:veil
2593:Sufi
2389:(or
2342:The
2330:and
2261:sect
2241:Iran
2221:Sufi
2198:and
2148:and
2113:and
2105:and
2002:and
2000:Sufi
1392:Guam
1387:Fiji
1043:Peru
963:Cuba
803:Oman
763:Laos
711:Iraq
706:Iran
624:Asia
591:Togo
484:Mali
374:Chad
12057:and
11200:and
10173:Art
9918:Oil
9913:Gas
8619:154
8502:of
8187:doi
8062:doi
8023:doi
7917:by
7695:doi
7604:doi
7278:T24
7124:doi
6726:Art
6342:Nūr
6272:Hal
6191:on
6046:God
5970:in
5955:in
5913:of
5085:Jem
5065:Pir
4982:Ali
4857:Nûr
4812:Hal
4658:in
4480:Ali
3907:1%
3876:53%
3865:37%
3654:wa
3525:law
3523:of
3507:Ali
3397:God
3195:No
3192:No
3173:No
3170:No
3118:No
3041:No
2732:Nur
2617:fez
2572:in
2551:in
2424:in
2071:to
12324::
10240:TV
8967:,
8924:.
8824:.
8820:.
8774:.
8747:.
8743:.
8716:.
8704:^
8682:.
8644:,
8621:.
8589:.
8530:.
8426:.
8418:.
8414:.
8373:,
8347:.
8343:.
8332:^
8314:.
8290:^
8272:.
8245:.
8241:.
8230:^
8209:.
8201:.
8193:.
8183:11
8181:.
8177:.
8147:.
8121:.
8113:.
8109:.
8058:20
8056:.
8029:.
8021:.
8005:^
7991:^
7969:.
7958:^
7929:^
7898:^
7859:^
7838:.
7805:.
7779:.
7775:.
7760:^
7738:.
7709:.
7701:.
7691:16
7689:.
7685:.
7655:.
7626:.
7618:.
7610:.
7600:19
7598:.
7594:.
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