319:
22:
256:(UNCLOS). That convention is used in defining the maritime assets of newly-formed states and in resolving international maritime disputes. The study by Kemp & Stephen showed that hypothesised Scottish shares of North Sea oil revenue over the period 1970 to 1999 varied depending upon the price of oil and was offset against taxable profits and the costs of exploration and development.
128:. The political instability surrounding the general elections of 1974 represented a time of intense political campaigning in the UK, which further brought the SNP to prominence. It was then that the slogan "It's Scotland's Oil" came to the fore with the February election seeing seven SNP candidates returned, which rose to 11 in October. Some well-known MPs such as
232:) has caused constitutional law in the United Kingdom to provide for the division of the UK sector of the North Sea into specific Scottish and English components. The Continental Shelf Act 1964 and the Continental Shelf (Jurisdiction) Order 1968 defined the UK North Sea maritime area to the north of latitude
290:
than the rest of the UK, which is approximately equivalent to its disproportionately high annual contribution of tax revenues to the central UK Treasury from oil production. However
Scotland's per capita spending growth, relative to the rest of the UK, has in recent years been nominally reduced by
65:
and 22% of the
Scottish vote, rising to eleven seats and 30% of the vote in the October election. The idea behind the slogan has proven to be controversial in discussions surrounding the financial viability of an independent Scottish state and still resonates to this day.
139:
in the 1960s and its production starting in the 1970s. Most of the largest oil fields in the UK sector of the North Sea were found in the waters to the north and east of the
Scottish mainland, with the most northerly fields found to the east of the
247:
Recent evidence by Kemp and
Stephen (1999) has tried to estimate hypothetical Scottish shares of North Sea Oil revenue by dividing the UK sector of the North Sea into separate Scottish and English sectors by using the international
524:
By the mid 1970s, international convention had already agreed that the North Sea north of the 55th parallel was under
Scottish jurisdiction. That meant around 90 per cent of the UK's oil and gas reserves fell within Scottish
192:, in Scotland and the rest of the United Kingdom. Thus, the economic argument that formed the basis of the slogan was that while Scotland was part of the United Kingdom, it lacked control over
403:
Tam
Dalyell, who served as Labour MP in West Lothian for 43 years, agrees.... "It could have tipped the balance it a number of seats including mine. Oil was very much a totemic issue"
353:, in part or in whole, as it has in other countries who have not been as soft as we have forced to be. We will be the masters of the oil fields, not BP or any other of the majors".
769:
300:
604:
In the
Regional Accounts, the UK Continental Shelf is included in a separate region of the UK (the extra-regio territory) and is not allocated to specific geographic regions
168:
on the north-eastern coast of
Scotland being built to support the North Sea oil industry. In the early 1970s, there was a great deal of economic turbulence with the
441:
244:. That was subsequently amended by the Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundary Order 1999, which redefined the extent of Scottish waters and Scottish fishery limits.
794:
291:
the operation of the
Barnett formula to bring public spending levels into line with the UK average in a phenomenon that had been dubbed the "Barnett Squeeze".
216:, and any claims that Scotland may assert are subsumed as part of claims made by the United Kingdom. However, the existence of two separate legal systems in
236:
as being under the jurisdiction of Scots law and that 90% of UK oil resources were considered under
Scottish jurisdiction. In addition, Section 126 of the
804:
486:
638:
503:
405:
327:
75:
54:
726:
684:
303:
partly to get a greater share of the oil revenues to these islands in whose maritime territory it is argued that most of the oil is found.
110:
58:
460:
259:
Nevertheless, a Scottish share of North Sea oil is never formally alluded to as part of Scotland's net fiscal position and is treated by
389:
Professor Thomas W Walde - Thomas Walde Professor of International Economic Energy and Natural Resources Law at the University of Dundee
388:
779:
670:
307:
367:
739:
342:
49:, and the revenue that it created, would not benefit Scotland to any significant degree while Scotland remained part of the
87:
306:
However, that view may not be accurate; the islands would likely obtain a modest EEZ within a wider Scottish EEZ like the
615:
109:, they broke down. The Labour Party then formed the new government with a plurality of seats but without a majority. In
438:
490:
276:
474:
784:
799:
323:
727:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134513/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/journal/html/Vol14/Vol14_5.pdf
774:
125:
645:
789:
62:
511:
402:
338:
272:
117:
94:
34:
709:
Expenditures and Revenues from the UKCS - Estimating the hypothetical Scottish Shares 1970-2003
249:
152:
became the centre of Britain's North Sea oil industry, with many oil terminals such as that of
603:
98:
38:
8:
711:
North Sea Study Occasional Paper No. 70. Department of Economics. University of Aberdeen.
362:
242:
the internal waters and territorial sea of the United Kingdom as are adjacent to Scotland
233:
132:
believe that was in no small part because the SNP used the slogan "It's Scotland's oil".
550:
102:
722:
237:
229:
213:
79:
472:
Parliament of the United Kingdom - Standing Committee B, Energy Bill (2004) Lords
445:
409:
350:
280:
209:
197:
169:
120:
had meanwhile been increasing in Scotland since the victory of the SNP candidate
744:
578:
564:
21:
287:
173:
50:
318:
61:
using this slogan. At the February election the SNP gained seven seats in the
763:
217:
106:
83:
42:
181:
121:
90:
504:"How black gold was hijacked: North sea oil and the betrayal of Scotland"
334:
260:
225:
189:
129:
284:
161:
153:
745:
Full text of the Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundary Order 1999 S.I 1126
221:
193:
185:
177:
165:
136:
135:
The economic background to the claim was the discovery of oil in the
685:"Ex-SNP Deputy Vows to Nationalise Firms Worried About Independence"
149:
145:
46:
491:
UK Legislation - The Continental Shelf (Jurisdiction) Order 1968
349:, in an independent Scotland, will need to learn the meaning of
301:
constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
253:
196:
and the revenue from the majority of the oil, which lay in the
157:
141:
725:
Scotland's Oil Does it have a future?, published oinline at
716:
Oil Strike North Sea: A first-hand history of North Sea oil.
501:
423:
Oil Strike North Sea: A first-hand history of North Sea oil
754:
113:, Wilson held new elections to ask for a renewed mandate.
268:
37:(SNP) during the 1970s in making their economic case for
770:
History of the petroleum industry in the United Kingdom
346:
33:" was a widely publicised political slogan used by the
740:
Prospective Anglo-Scottish Maritime boundary revisited
461:
How North Sea oil calmed the UK's crisis ridden waters
101:. Although he entered coalition negotiations with the
749:
601:
Government Expenditure and Revenue (Scotland) 2002-03
671:"'Day of reckoning' post-Yes vote, says Jim Sillars"
636:
283:
already allows Scotland to sustain higher levels of
386:
Scotland's oil: Does oil in Scotland have a future?
313:
761:
294:
16:1970s political slogan relating to North Sea oil
502:Ben Russell and Paul Kelbie (9 December 2005).
487:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
254:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
795:History of science and technology in Scotland
700:Murkens, J, Jones, P & Keating, M (2002)
576:Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundary Order 1999
565:Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundary Order 1999
702:Scottish independence - A Practical Guide
704:. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh.
644:. University of Stirling. Archived from
590:Murkens, Jones & Keating (2002) p189
537:Murkens, Jones & Keating (2002) p183
436:School Science from The Energy Institute
420:
400:Independent Online edition December 2005
317:
53:. The SNP campaigned widely in both the
20:
762:
368:History of the Scottish National Party
41:. It was argued that the discovery of
805:British political phrases (1950–1999)
637:Professor David Bell (January 2001).
343:2014 Scottish independence referendum
579:Map of the extent of Scottish Waters
308:Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case
299:There have been moves to recast the
25:An oil drilling rig in the North Sea
203:
13:
707:Kemp, A.G & Stephen, L (1999)
14:
816:
755:UK Offshore Operators Association
733:
562:Statutory Instrument 1126 of 1999
475:Hansard discussion on the subject
277:2007 Scottish Parliament election
275:, however, reported prior to the
55:February 1974 UK General Election
780:Oil and gas industry in Scotland
314:Scottish independence referendum
198:Scottish sector of the North Sea
59:October 1974 UK General Election
694:
677:
663:
630:
608:
594:
583:
569:
555:
541:
530:
495:
479:
465:
450:
429:
414:
393:
379:
337:, former Deputy Leader of the
76:February 1974 general election
1:
729:, accessed 20 September 2007.
373:
324:Radical Independence Campaign
295:Claims by Shetland and Orkney
69:
551:Section 126 - Interpretation
7:
439:Map of North Sea oil fields
356:
240:defined Scottish waters as
224:pertaining to Scotland and
10:
821:
508:Independent Online edition
176:. That resulted in rising
172:, which was caused by the
618:. BBC News. 30 April 2007
250:principle of equidistance
126:1967 Hamilton by-election
208:Since Scotland is not a
97:, lost support from the
785:Scottish National Party
750:Scottish National Party
421:Shepherd, Mike (2015).
339:Scottish National Party
252:, as is used under the
188:, a situation known as
118:Scottish National Party
35:Scottish National Party
331:
212:, it has no effective
86:, win the most seats.
26:
639:"The Barnett Formula"
616:"The Scottish gamble"
321:
99:Ulster Unionist Party
39:Scottish independence
24:
800:Scottish nationalism
687:. 12 September 2014.
170:1973 oil price shock
93:, the leader of the
514:on 12 December 2005
363:Economy of Scotland
214:maritime boundaries
74:The outcome of the
31:It's Scotland's oil
718:Luath Press. 2015.
459:, January 1, 2006
457:Scotland on Sunday
444:2007-02-14 at the
408:2005-12-12 at the
341:, said during the
332:
95:Conservative Party
27:
548:Scotland Act 1998
238:Scotland Act 1998
230:England and Wales
160:in Orkney and at
45:off the coast of
812:
775:North Sea energy
689:
688:
681:
675:
674:
667:
661:
660:
658:
656:
650:
643:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
612:
606:
598:
592:
587:
581:
573:
567:
559:
553:
545:
539:
534:
528:
527:
521:
519:
510:. Archived from
499:
493:
483:
477:
469:
463:
454:
448:
433:
427:
426:
418:
412:
397:
391:
383:
322:A banner by the
234:55 degrees north
204:Reality of claim
156:in Shetland and
116:Support for the
63:House of Commons
820:
819:
815:
814:
813:
811:
810:
809:
790:1974 quotations
760:
759:
736:
723:Thomas W. Wälde
697:
692:
683:
682:
678:
669:
668:
664:
654:
652:
651:on 26 July 2007
648:
641:
635:
631:
621:
619:
614:
613:
609:
599:
595:
588:
584:
574:
570:
560:
556:
546:
542:
535:
531:
517:
515:
500:
496:
484:
480:
470:
466:
455:
451:
446:Wayback Machine
434:
430:
419:
415:
410:Wayback Machine
398:
394:
384:
380:
376:
359:
351:nationalisation
316:
297:
288:public spending
281:Barnett formula
267:resources. The
210:sovereign state
206:
72:
57:and subsequent
17:
12:
11:
5:
818:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
735:
734:External links
732:
731:
730:
719:
712:
705:
696:
693:
691:
690:
676:
662:
629:
607:
593:
582:
568:
554:
540:
529:
494:
478:
464:
449:
428:
425:. Luath Press.
413:
392:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
365:
358:
355:
315:
312:
296:
293:
228:pertaining to
205:
202:
174:Yom Kippur War
88:Prime Minister
71:
68:
51:United Kingdom
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
817:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
728:
724:
720:
717:
714:Shepherd, M.
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
698:
686:
680:
672:
666:
647:
640:
633:
617:
611:
605:
602:
597:
591:
586:
580:
577:
572:
566:
563:
558:
552:
549:
544:
538:
533:
526:
513:
509:
505:
498:
492:
489:
488:
482:
476:
473:
468:
462:
458:
453:
447:
443:
440:
437:
432:
424:
417:
411:
407:
404:
401:
396:
390:
387:
382:
378:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
325:
320:
311:
309:
304:
302:
292:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Great Britain
215:
211:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
107:Jeremy Thorpe
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
84:Harold Wilson
81:
77:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:North Sea oil
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
715:
708:
701:
695:Bibliography
679:
665:
653:. Retrieved
646:the original
632:
620:. Retrieved
610:
600:
596:
589:
585:
575:
571:
561:
557:
547:
543:
536:
532:
523:
516:. Retrieved
512:the original
507:
497:
485:
481:
471:
467:
456:
452:
435:
431:
422:
416:
399:
395:
385:
381:
333:
305:
298:
264:
258:
246:
241:
207:
182:unemployment
134:
122:Winnie Ewing
115:
111:October 1974
91:Edward Heath
80:Labour Party
73:
30:
28:
18:
655:27 December
335:Jim Sillars
265:extra-regio
261:HM Treasury
226:English law
190:stagflation
130:Tam Dalyell
764:Categories
721:Wälde, T.
374:References
285:per capita
273:Evan Davis
271:economist
162:Cruden Bay
154:Sullom Voe
70:Background
518:15 August
279:that the
222:Scots law
220:(that of
194:royalties
186:recession
178:inflation
166:St Fergus
148:Islands.
137:North Sea
82:, led by
442:Archived
406:Archived
357:See also
150:Aberdeen
146:Shetland
144:and the
105:leader,
78:saw the
47:Scotland
622:20 June
330:in 2021
180:, high
124:at the
103:Liberal
525:waters
184:and a
158:Flotta
142:Orkney
649:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
328:COP26
657:2007
624:2007
520:2006
164:and
326:at
269:BBC
263:as
766::
522:.
506:.
347:BP
345:,
310:.
200:.
673:.
659:.
626:.
29:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
