153:
and exclusive. This in turn is accorded historical status and imagined to have existed from time immemorial (Seneviratne 1997: 5). This kind of history, which seeks authenticity from written sources and from the self-interpretation of so-called archaeological remains, is sustained by commemorations such as feasts, fasts, celebrations and the creation of new symbols like flags and emblems based on these ..."
152:
Dalits also have "the stories that assert the glory of the caste, identify legendary figures who, the narrators imagine, have played pivotal roles in building their caste identity. The facts of the past are interspersed with myth and fantasy to create a new perception of a past that is glorious, pure
83:
In such a village society, each caste, traditionally self regulated by a caste council, used to lead a relatively autonomous existence. Each caste used to pursue a hereditarily prescribed occupation; this was particularly true of the artisan and service castes and the pastoral and nomadic castes. The
100:
With the passage of the Hindu
Marriage Act of 1955, inter-jati and inter-varna marriages (which together constitute what is colloquially referred to as "intercaste marriage") are now legally sanctioned in Hindu-majority India. In practice, however, intercaste marriage remains rare and Indian society
92:
Under the Jāti system, a person is born into a Jāti with ascribed social roles and endogamy, i.e. marriages take place only within that Jāti. The Jāti provides identity, security and status and has historically been open to change based on economic, social and political influences. In the course of
148:
today, believe that "Even in the Vedic age the Yadavs were upholders of the
Republican ideals of government. ... The Mahabharata furnishes interesting details regarding the functioning of the republic form of government among the Yadavs. ... It is now an agreed fact that Sri Krishna, the
109:
This deliberately ignored the fact that there are innumerable Jātis that straddled two or more Varnas, based on their occupations. As a community in south India commented, "We are soldiers and saddle makers too" – but it was the enumerators who decided their caste. Since pre-historic times, Indian
87:
These caste groups retained their identity even after conversion to Islam or
Christianity. Each of the caste groups was thus the unit within which cultural and perhaps genetic evolution occurred, at least for the last 1500 years when the system was fully crystallized and probably much longer. Over
118:
scholars. Although this scholarly work was unknown to the public during the
Islamic period and even before, it gained prominence when the British administrators and Western scholars used it in the late 18th century, to gain an understanding of traditional Hindu law in India and translated it into
96:
This system of thousands of exclusive, endogamous groups, is called Jāti. Though there were minor variations in its manifestation across the breadth of India, generally the Jāti was the effective community within which one married and spent most of one's social and cultural life. Often it was the
79:
Indian society is even today an agglomeration of numerous castes, tribes and religious communities. The tribal and caste groups are endogamous, reproductively isolated populations traditionally distributed over a restricted geographical range. The different caste populations, unlike tribes, have
126:
In India, anthropologists now more often speak of 'sub-castes' or Jatis, as the building blocks of society . However, unless there is a strong element of political control or territoriality associated with such groups these too tend to disintegrate upon closer inspection as soon as essentially
149:
central figure of the epic narratives, tried to defend the republican ideas against the imperialistic movement led by
Jarasandha of Magadaha and Kamsa of Mathura" (R. V. K. Yadav, quoted by Lucia Michelutti in "Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town").
93:
Indian history, various economic, political and social factors have led to a continuous closing and churning in the prevailing social ranks which tended to become traditional, hereditary system of social structuring.
88:
this period the various castes had come to exhibit striking differences in cultural traits like skills possessed, food habits, dress, language, religious observances as well as in a number of genetic traits.
41:, like a tribe, community, clan, sub-clan, or a religious sect. Each Jāti typically has an association with an occupation, geography or tribe. Different intrareligious beliefs (e.g.
97:
community (Jāti) which provided support in difficult times, in old age and even in the resolution of disputes. It was thus the community which one also sought to promote.
84:
several castes were linked to each other through a traditionally determined barter of services and produce (Ghurye 1961, Karve 1961).
256:
Bates, Crispin (1995). "Race, Caste and Tribe in
Central India: the early origins of Indian anthropometry". In Robb, Peter (ed.).
271:
217:
293:
Michelutti, Lucia (2004). "'We (Yadavs) are a caste of politicians': Caste and modern politics in a north Indian town".
374:
114:(c. 200 BC), conceptualized a system of idealized occupational categories (Varna), from the perspective of the
80:
extensive geographical overlap and members of several castes generally constitute the complex village society.
53:) or linguistic groupings may also define some Jātis. The term is often translated approximately in English as
328:
Narayan, Badri (January 2004). "Inventing caste history: Dalit mobilisation and nationalist past".
263:
71:(1999) has described Jātis as goal governing, closed communities, based on his research in rural
369:
162:
55:
22:
145:
8:
110:
society had a complex, inter-dependent, and cooperative political economy. One text, the
38:
345:
310:
349:
314:
267:
16:
Group(s) of people organised as a tribe, community, clan, sub-clan or religious sects
337:
302:
257:
341:
306:
218:"Chances of an inter-caste marriage go up if groom's mother is educated: Study"
363:
68:
37:
is the term traditionally used to describe a cohesive group of people in the
72:
42:
192:
111:
128:
46:
50:
115:
172:
141:
26:
167:
193:"Central Government Act - The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955"
361:
101:remains highly segregated along jati lines.
135:
292:
327:
362:
104:
255:
13:
14:
386:
330:Contributions to Indian Sociology
295:Contributions to Indian Sociology
259:The Concept of Race in South Asia
122:Crispin Bates noted in 1995 that
321:
286:
249:
236:
210:
185:
1:
246:. Princeton University Press.
178:
127:exogamous practices such as
7:
242:Dirks, Nicholas B. (2001).
156:
10:
391:
342:10.1177/006996670403800108
307:10.1177/006996670403800103
62:
20:
136:Self-identity narratives
264:Oxford University Press
131:are taken into account.
133:
90:
375:Caste system in India
163:Caste system in India
124:
77:
21:For other uses, see
105:Overlap with varnas
39:Indian subcontinent
140:For instance, the
273:978-0-19-563767-0
224:. 20 October 2020
382:
354:
353:
336:(1–2): 193–220.
325:
319:
318:
290:
284:
283:
281:
280:
253:
247:
240:
234:
233:
231:
229:
214:
208:
207:
205:
203:
189:
390:
389:
385:
384:
383:
381:
380:
379:
360:
359:
358:
357:
326:
322:
291:
287:
278:
276:
274:
266:. p. 244.
254:
250:
241:
237:
227:
225:
216:
215:
211:
201:
199:
191:
190:
186:
181:
159:
138:
107:
65:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
388:
378:
377:
372:
356:
355:
320:
301:(1–2): 43–71.
285:
272:
248:
244:Castes of Mind
235:
209:
183:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
170:
165:
158:
155:
146:backward class
144:, a prominent
137:
134:
106:
103:
64:
61:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
387:
376:
373:
371:
370:Indian castes
368:
367:
365:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
289:
275:
269:
265:
261:
260:
252:
245:
239:
223:
219:
213:
198:
194:
188:
184:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
154:
150:
147:
143:
132:
130:
123:
120:
117:
113:
102:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
69:Madhav Gadgil
60:
58:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:
28:
24:
19:
333:
329:
323:
298:
294:
288:
277:. Retrieved
258:
251:
243:
238:
226:. Retrieved
221:
212:
200:. Retrieved
197:India Kanoon
196:
187:
151:
139:
125:
121:
112:Laws of Manu
108:
99:
95:
91:
86:
82:
78:
66:
54:
33:
32:
31:
18:
228:21 November
202:21 November
73:Maharashtra
43:Vaishnavism
364:Categories
279:2011-12-09
179:References
67:Professor
350:145740670
315:144951057
262:. Delhi:
129:hypergamy
119:English.
47:Smarthism
222:ThePrint
157:See also
51:Shaivism
116:Brahmin
63:Meaning
348:
313:
270:
142:Yadavs
346:S2CID
311:S2CID
173:Gotra
56:caste
27:Caste
268:ISBN
230:2022
204:2022
168:Gens
34:Jāti
25:and
23:Jati
338:doi
303:doi
49:or
45:or
366::
344:.
334:38
332:.
309:.
299:38
297:.
220:.
195:.
75::
59:.
352:.
340::
317:.
305::
282:.
232:.
206:.
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.