60:
The JANET NRS was developed to allocate and maintain unique domain names for organisations connected to the JANET network. Its primary purpose was to ensure a standardised and organised approach to domain name registration, facilitating identification and differentiation of institutions and their
215:
in 1991, and by 1994 the DNS had become the de facto standard for domain names on JANET. The final mail gateway was taken out of service by the end of 1997. Nonetheless, the JANET NRS remains a significant part of the history of network infrastructure and academic networking in the UK. The one
202:
Another significant difference from the DNS was the concept of context to name lookups, e.g. 'mail' or 'file transfer'. This made the NRS more sophisticated than the DNS, permitting overloading of names.
181:
were introduced from 1984, confusion was caused when the least significant part of an
Internet address matched the most significant part of an NRS address and vice versa. The ccTLD "
189:
came into use around 1990-2 until 1995. The classic joke was that e-mail intended for UK universities ended up in
Czechoslovakia, since many JANET e-mail addresses were of the form
561:
522:
From the outset of the project, we aimed not only to carry out innovative research, but also to provide network services to UK and U.S. groups that wished to cooperate.
158:(DNS) superseded the NRS. A principal difference with the Domain Name System was that the order of significance began with the most significant part (so called
475:
447:
Mansell, Robin; Mansell, Dixons Chair in New Media and the
Internet Interdepartmental Programme in Media and Communications Robin (2002).
569:
636:
318:
594:
458:
404:
359:
81:
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246:
33:
514:
97:
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28:
academic and research networks in the 1980s. Its purpose was to organise and manage domain names within the
135:
37:
646:
251:
84:). Any organisations not falling into these categories were given their own "second-level" name, e.g.
139:
241:
163:
614:
448:
394:
584:
65:
450:
Inside the
Communication Revolution: Evolving Patterns of Social and Technical Interaction
8:
506:
212:
155:
49:
420:
329:
590:
498:
454:
400:
294:
162:
addresses). Also, NRS names were canonically written in upper case. For example, the
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From
Diversity to Convergence: British Computer Networks and the Internet, 1970-1995
510:
490:
370:
284:
32:
network, contributing to the establishment of computer networking familiarities at
89:
562:"Janet(UK) Quarterly Report to the Janet Community: July 1997 to September 1997"
186:
25:
641:
630:
502:
298:
123:
48:
It was proposed in 1983 and used until the superficially similar
Internet
476:"Early experiences with the Arpanet and Internet in the United Kingdom"
159:
494:
232:. The UK was the only country with a pre-existing national standard.
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was the less widely used standard equivalent of the abbreviated name
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272:
229:
151:
586:
Ruling the Root: Internet
Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace
154:
usage expanded and commercial entities emerged, the more general
29:
225:
217:
182:
36:
and other academic and research institutions. It used a
396:
The "Hidden" Prehistory of
European Research Networking
216:
remaining legacy of the NRS is the convention of using
199:, where "CS" stood for Computer Science (department).
622:(Computer Science thesis). The University of Warwick.
589:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 79,
24:) was a pseudo-hierarchical naming scheme used on
273:"JANET-the United Kingdom Joint Academic Network"
628:
582:
446:
319:"Starting the Commercial Internet in the UK"
576:
130:and ARPA and USENET addresses of the style
360:"Networking in UK Academia ~25 Years Ago"
288:
122:For email, interoperability between the "
111:(up to 18 characters) form. For example,
473:
453:. Oxford University Press. p. 208.
247:Internet in the United Kingdom § History
55:
539:Central Computing Department Newsletter
483:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
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72:(JANET academic and scientific sites),
629:
612:
145:
270:
442:
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357:
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317:Houlder, Peter (January 19, 2007).
61:computer resources on the network.
13:
34:universities in the United Kingdom
14:
658:
437:
387:
346:
305:
554:
367:7th UK Network Operators' Forum
326:6th UK Network Operators' Forum
98:National Engineering Laboratory
637:Internet in the United Kingdom
545:
527:
467:
413:
264:
1:
257:
222:country code top-level domain
211:JANET transitioned to using
170:, whereas its DNS domain is
134:was achieved by way of mail
126:" email addressing style of
38:reverse domain name notation
7:
358:Reid, Jim (April 3, 2007).
235:
10:
663:
606:
271:Wells, Mike (1988-11-01).
252:Non-Internet email address
43:
206:
140:University College London
103:All NRS names had both a
52:(DNS) was fully adopted.
22:Name Registration Scheme
613:Rutter, Dorian (2005).
583:Milton Mueller (2002),
474:Kirstein, P.T. (1999).
399:. Trafford Publishing.
242:Coloured Book protocols
164:University of Cambridge
568:. 1997. Archived from
572:on February 16, 2012.
541:(16). September 1991.
224:(ccTLD), rather than
56:Purpose and structure
551:Rutter (2005), p. 92
425:axion.physics.ubc.ca
66:second-level domains
146:Comparison with DNS
82:Ministry of Defence
647:Wide area networks
376:on August 20, 2007
213:Internet protocols
156:Domain Name System
50:Domain Name System
596:978-0-262-63298-0
495:10.1109/85.759368
460:978-0-19-829656-0
406:978-1-4669-3935-6
220:for the Internet
179:top-level domains
166:had the NRS name
76:(commercial) and
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566:Janet webarchive
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369:. Archived from
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328:. Archived from
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228:as specified by
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520:on 2020-02-07.
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177:After Internet
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132:user@site.ac.uk
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128:user@UK.AC.SITE
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113:UK.AC.CAMBRIDGE
112:
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90:British Library
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68:" consisted of
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194:universityname
187:Czechoslovakia
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489:(1): 38–44.
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428:. Retrieved
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378:. Retrieved
371:the original
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283:(3): 28–36.
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191:user@UK.AC.
109:abbreviated
107:(long) and
631:Categories
535:"FLAGSHIP"
430:2023-08-16
421:"GR guide"
380:2020-02-12
339:2020-02-12
258:References
160:big-endian
503:1934-1547
299:1475-3308
172:cam.ac.uk
168:UK.AC.CAM
124:Grey Book
117:UK.AC.CAM
18:JANET NRS
236:See also
230:ISO 3166
152:Internet
105:standard
607:Sources
511:1558618
277:Serials
136:gateway
44:History
26:British
593:
509:
501:
457:
403:
297:
207:Legacy
185:" for
94:UK.NEL
78:UK.MOD
620:(PDF)
518:(PDF)
507:S2CID
479:(PDF)
374:(PDF)
363:(PDF)
333:(PDF)
322:(PDF)
92:) or
86:UK.BL
74:UK.CO
70:UK.AC
64:NRS "
30:JANET
642:Jisc
591:ISBN
499:ISSN
455:ISBN
401:ISBN
295:ISSN
16:The
491:doi
285:doi
226:.gb
218:.uk
197:.CS
183:.cs
174:.
150:As
138:at
100:).
40:.
633::
564:.
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487:21
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439:^
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88:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.