Al-Nusra Front - Knowledge

3444:(CATF), Qatar was able to get away with funding Al Nusra, despite their terrorist designation, through Kidnapping for Ransom. Al Nusra has kidnapped a diverse group of people from nationalities that span the globe, including Turkey, Fiji, Lebanon, Syria and Italy. On each occasion, Qatar engaged in a substantial financial agreement with Al Nusra in exchange for hostages. CATF suggests that the U.S. turned a blind eye to Qatar's funding of Al Nusra because Al Nusra was one of the only groups posing a plausible threat to both ISIS and Assad. According to the one analyst, the reason why Al Nusra was the only plausible threat was because of Saudi and Qatari funding: "Jabhat al-Nusra has become the best-armed force among the opposition groups. It has been at the tip of the spear in operations in Eastern Syria, Aleppo, and Damascus. Its combat proficiency and relatively greater access to material and funding have led other opposition groups to tolerate its participation in military operations across the country." 2741:. The group demanded that it be removed from the UN's list of terrorist organisations in exchange for the lives of the peacekeepers. In addition to UN personnel, the group routinely captures UN vehicles to use as car bombs. At the same time, two groups of UN peacekeepers from Philippines were trapped under fire in nearby Rwihinah. On 31 August, one group of 32 Filipinos soldiers was rescued and the other group of 40 soldiers escaped. The rescue operation was carried out by Irish peacekeepers. Colonel Ezra Enriquez of the Philippines, who oversaw the operations, resigned over disagreements with Indian Lieutenant General Iqbal Singh Singha. Singha had allegedly ordered the Filipinos peacekeepers to surrender arms to ensure the safe release of the Fijian soldiers. On 8 September, Rodrigo Duterte, the mayor of 1854: 2469: 3460:, Qatar had great influence over the group that goes beyond ransom payments. In many cases, Qatar acted as a political mediator between Al Nusra and other countries such as Lebanon: "A prisoner swap between the Lebanese government and al-Qaeda's branch in Syria, Al-Nusra Front in early December showed how powerful the group has become on the ground. The deal released 16 Lebanese soldiers and police officers who were captured during a joint ISIS–al-Nusra operation along with 29 civilians, some of whom are known terrorists." Indeed, Qatar's mediation between Al Nusra and Lebanon ultimately guaranteed al-Nusra freedom of movement inside what was once a safe haven in Lebanon's Hamid valley, bordering Syria, giving Al Nusra access to the Lebanese town of Arsal. 3583:) were charged with attempting to acquire chemicals which could be used to produce sarin; the indictment said that it was "possible to produce sarin gas by combining the materials in proper conditions." The indictment said that "The suspects have pleaded not guilty saying that they had not been aware the materials they had tried to obtain could have been used to make sarin gas. Suspects have been consistently providing conflicting and incoherent facts on this matter." The indictment said the suspects working for al-Nusra and to Ahrar ash-Sham. The prosecutors were dismissed and the men were freed in October 2013. A new arrest warrant was later issued, but the perpetrators were never tried. Topalca was tried and convicted 2937:

Al-Nusra's oath of allegiance to Ayman al-Zawahiri have been renounced. According to Sharif Nashashibi of Al-Jazeera, al-Qaeda had "given the split its blessing", and the separation "meant no change in the group's ideology". With numerous senior members of Al-Qaeda enmeshed within Al-Nusra, it can be considered that Al-Qaeda are not "external" to the group. To this extent, other analysts say that the announcement was cosmetic, a ruse to obfuscate their continued association and membership within Al-Qaeda. In the time after the announcement, a number of senior Al-Qaeda members have been targeted and killed by US air strikes, while operating within Al-Nusra.

1878: 1866: 3151: 346: 640: 1890: 2807: 1842: 3437:, that he doesn't always see eye to eye with American terrorist designations: "I know that in America and some countries they look at some movements as terrorist movements. ... But there are differences. There are differences that some countries and some people that any group which comes from Islamic background are terrorists. And we don't accept that. It would be a 'big mistake', to consider every Islamic movement to be 'extremists'." It has been suggested that one of the designated groups that the Emir spoke of in this interview at CNN was Al-Nusra Front. 4113: 1830: 3031: 692: 3773: 3883: 668: 624: 448: 497: 68: 3736: 651: 990: 3809: 360: 6598:"I think it will happen soon," says Muhamed Nabih Osman, who oversees a charitable association for former Assad prisoners. "You have to understand that al Nusra consists of two very different parts and that one part, mostly local fighters, are not interested in global jihad." But local fighters—who likely make up 80 percent of al Nusra—have been opposed to deal-making with ISIS and have been critical of the harsh governance methods used by some of their pro-ISIS comrades in territory controlled by al Nusra. 2982:, al-Nusra denied "completely all reports of a meeting with Qatari" and reports of a break-up with al-Qaeda. Expert Thomas Pierret at the University of Edinburgh assumed that Qatar was trying to force the hand of Al-Nusra with this "leak" about a split, and said a break with Al-Qaeda was very unlikely. French expert on jihadism Romain Caillet agreed: "The overwhelming majority of Al-Nusra members want to stay in al-Qaeda, particularly foreign fighters who represent at least one-third of the organisation". 54: 460: 2749: 436: 11471:. République Française, Trésor Direction Générale, Sanctions financières internationales. Published 28 August 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015. (Click on 'liste consolidée de gel d'avoirs'; then click on 'liste unique':) "Nr. 314: Al-Nusrah Front. Designated by the regulation (European Union) nr. 583/2014 of 28 May 2014. Previously, Al-Nusrah was inscribed on the list, between 30 May 2013 and 13 May 2014, in its quality of alias of Al-Qaida in Iraq. Category: terrorism. Rule: Resolution 1989." 703: 3791: 3718: 512: 485: 3827: 788: 3847: 424: 3865: 3491: 16087: 15411: 4013: 3994: 3975: 773: 979: 755: 3956: 4068: 555: 266: 4049: 3901: 386: 334: 4032: 540: 402: 251: 4087: 3700: 599: 570: 3919: 3755: 585: 1541: 3937: 16097: 680: 723: 2653:

appointed an emissary to oversee relations between them and put an end to tensions. Later in the month, an audio message from al-Baghdadi was released in which he rejected al-Zawahiri's ruling and declared that the merger of the two organisations into the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant was going ahead. This sequence of events caused much confusion and division amongst members of al-Nusra.

3347:("Organization for the Liberation of the Levant"). With Jabhat Fateh al-Sham being one of the most powerful/influential groups in the new formation, its leader Abu Mohammad al-Julani was appointed the high level position of overall military commander of the new group. The only other position of equal or greater authority in the new group is the Emir, to which role was appointed 1784:

later, the organization expressed "deep regret" regarding the incident, acknowledging that the killings were carried out by certain members without orders from the leadership and in violation of the organization's policies. Al-Nusra Front also sent a delegation to the Druze community in the village and assured that the perpetrators of the massacre would be brought to trial in a

2089:, was arrested in California on 11 October 2013, on charges of attempting to travel to join al-Qaeda, after reportedly having fought in Syria. As of November 2013, there had also been five additional publicly disclosed cases of Americans fighting in Syria, three of which were linked to al-Nusra. In February 2015, charges of conspiracy to support terrorism were laid against six 6163: 2371: 1139:(HTS), a new Sunni Islamist militant group. Tahrir al-Sham denies any links to the al-Qaeda network and said in a statement that the group is "an independent entity and not an extension of previous organizations or factions". Mutual hostilities eventually deteriorated into one of violent confrontations, with Al-Nusra commander 3399:. Most of these fighters were from Europe and the Middle East, as pipelines to Syria from those locations are better established and navigable. However, as of November 2013, there were also 6 publicly disclosed cases of American citizens and permanent residents who joined or attempted to join al-Nusrah in 2013 alone. 1651:; whereas ISIL has alienated local populations by demanding their allegiance and carrying out beheadings, al-Nusra Front cooperated with other militant groups and declined to impose sharia law where there has been opposition. Analysts have noted this could have given the al-Nusra Front a greater long-term advantage. 3296:, killing at least 110 al-Qaeda fighters, including Abu Hasan al-Taftanaz, an al-Qaeda senior leader, along with some al-Zenki fighters. Since 1 January 2017, more than 150 AQ members were killed by US airstrikes in 2017. Condolences were issued to Jabhat Fatah al-Sham over the killings, by the Uyghur jihadist 2446:. The unidentified corpses of 13 men had been discovered shot to death execution-style. On 5 June 2012, al-Nusra Front claimed responsibility for the killings, stating that they had captured and interrogated the soldiers in Deir ez-Zor and "justly" punished them with death, after they confessed to crimes. 3277:

enlisted Turkistani as a member. Jabhat Fath al Sham included Turkistani. SOHR identified al-Turkestani from among the dead. Before dying in Syria, al-Turkistani was in the Afghanistan war. He was also the emir for the al-Qaeda-affiliated Ansar Jihad in Central Asia. Europeans make up an amount while

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dissolving external organizational affiliations or ties will remove the obstacles in the way of unity, then this must be done. When we were part of al-Qaeda ... our core policy was to focus all of our efforts on the Syrian issue. That was our policy before and it will be our policy today and tomorrow.

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province. "To all the free people of Syria, we announce the formation of the Free Ones of the Levant Battalions," the statement said, according to a translation obtained by The Long War Journal. "We promise Allah, and then we promise you, that we will be a firm shield and a striking hand to repel the

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Writing shortly after the rebranding, Nashashibi argued that it might help generate more "regional support", which the group needed in the face of Syrian government and Russian military success. Wright wrote that the move was effective with many conservative Sunnis in the region, and that hundreds of

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civilians in a village after one of them, a supporter of the Assad regime, opposed the expropriation of his house by a Nusra commander. Al-Nusra's leadership issued an apology and claimed that the killings had been carried out against the group's guidelines. In an official statement issued a few days

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By June 2013, there had been apparently 70 suicide-attacks in Syria. Of these, the group denied responsibility for 13 but claimed responsibility for the other 57. In June 2012, the group attacked the pro-government TV station at Drousha, near Damascus. The following month the government-TV presenter

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announced the group changed its name to Jabhat Fath al Sham and had "no affiliation to any external entity". While some analysts have interpreted this to mean breaking away from Al-Qaeda, the group and association with it were not specifically mentioned in the announcement, nor has it been said that

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On 17 June 2012, Walid Ahmad al-Ayesh, described by Syrian authorities as the "right hand" of al-Nusra Front, was killed when Syrian authorities discovered his hiding place. He was reportedly responsible for the making of car bombs that were used to attack Damascus in the previous months. The Syrian

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But one diplomat went so far as to suggest that, beyond the scope of mediation and paying ransom, "They are partly responsible for Jabhat al-Nusra having money and weapons and everything they need." The diplomat went on to say that while Qatar hasn't directly funded ISIS, it is responsible for the

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In February 2014, after efforts to end the dispute between ISIL and Nusra had failed, al-Qaeda formally dissociated itself from its onetime affiliate ISIL, leaving Jabhat al-Nusra the sole representative of al-Qaeda in Syria. In the same month, al-Julani threatened to go to war with ISIL over their

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and its leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri. Al-Julani was quoted as saying, "We inform you that neither the al-Nusra command nor its consultative council, nor its general manager were aware of this announcement. It reached them via the media and if the speech is authentic, we were not consulted." Nusra then

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UK government, 27 March 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015. Page 6: "The Government laid an Order, in July 2013, which provided that the al-Nusrah Front (ANF) and Jabhat al-Nusrah li-ahl al Sham should be treated as alternative names for the organization which is already proscribed under the name Al

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On 11 December 2013, the rebel Islamic Front and al-Nusra Front groups infiltrated the industrial area of the town of Adra, northeast of Damascus, attacking buildings housing workers and their families. The rebels targeted Alawites, Druze, Christians and Shiites, killing them on a sectarian basis.

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In November 2013, al-Zawahiri ordered the disbandment of ISIL and said al-Nusra should be considered the (only) al-Qaeda branch in Syria, and bestowed the title "Tanzim Qa'edat Al-Jihad fi Bilad Al-Sham" ("the Qae'dat Al-Jihad organization in the Levant") on them, officially integrating Nusra into

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reported on 23 December 2012 that al-Nusra Front had declared a "no-fly-zone" over Aleppo, using 23 mm and 57 mm anti-aircraft guns to down planes. This would include commercial flights which al-Nusra believed transported military equipment and troops. In a video sent to Al Jazeera, they

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The organisation grew in early 2016. Charles Lister reported that "According to three Islamist sources based in the area, Jabhat al-Nusra successfully recruited at least 3,000 Syrians into its ranks between February and June 2016." In mid-2016, reports suggested it was composed of around 5,000 to

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said: "There are now two main currents... the conservatives are keen on keeping ties to Al-Qaeda and the others are more inclined towards the new Syria-focused approach". Another "Islamist official from Damascus" is cited: "Nusra's disengagement from al Qaeda would be good for the revolution, but

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The group seized three army checkpoints around Saraqeb at the end of October 2012, forcing the Syrian Army to withdraw from the area the next day. In the battle, 28 Syrian soldiers were killed as well as five Nusra fighters. Some of the captured soldiers were summarily executed after being called

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states; while the official policy of the group was to regard the United States and Israel as enemies of Islam, and to warn against Western intervention in Syria, al-Nusra Front leader Julani stated that "We are only here to accomplish one mission, to fight the regime and its agents on the ground,

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claimed that an organizational split from al-Qaeda is "imminent", with the proposal reportedly been approved by AQ leaders and proposed a new name called "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham", or the "Conquest of the Levant Front". However, the sources claimed that the move would not affect al-Nusra's al-Qaeda

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On 27 June 2012, a group of Syrian rebels attacked a pro-government TV station in the town of Drousha, just south of the capital Damascus. The station's studios were destroyed with explosives. Seven people were killed in the attack on Al-Ikhbariya TV, including four guards and three journalists.

2069:(Consultative Council) at the top, making national decisions on behalf of the group. Religious personnel also played an important role in the regional JN leadership, with each region having a commander and a sheikh. The sheikh supervised the commander from a religious perspective and is known as 1775:

cites "some analysts and diplomats" as noting that al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant "can appear less focused on toppling" the Assad government than on "establishing a zone of influence spanning Iraq's Anbar Province and the desert eastern areas of Syria, and eventually

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Both al-Qaeda and al-Nusra tried to take advantage of ISIL's rise by presenting themselves as "moderate" in comparison. While they had the same aim of establishing sharia and a caliphate, they intended to implement it in a more gradual manner. Al-Nusra criticized the way ISIL alienated people by

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members who operate in Syria. The group has been reported to consist of a small number of fighters who are all on terrorist watchlists, and to co-ordinate with al-Nusra Front. Al-Nusra Front leader Abu Mohammad al-Golani denied the existence of this alleged "Khorasan group" in an interview with

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was an official branch of al-Qaeda. We reported to their central command and we worked within their framework; we adhered to their policies. With the formation of JFS, we are completely independent. That means we don't report to anyone, we don't receive directives from any external entity. If

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province and begun recruiting members of al-Nusra. In June 2013, Al Jazeera reported that it had obtained a letter written by al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, addressed to both Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and Abu Mohammad al-Julani, in which he ruled against the merger of the two organisations and

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were trying to get al-Nusra to split away from al-Qaeda, after which they would support al-Nusra with money. Western observers and a Syrian observer considered such a split unlikely, and in March 2015, al-Nusra's leadership denied a break-up or that talks with Qatar had occurred. Other Syrian

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government had confirmed to Reuters that Qatar wanted Nusra to become purely Syrian and disconnect from al-Qaeda, after which Qatar would start to support Nusra with money and supplies. Muzamjer al-Sham, reportedly a 'prominent jihadi close to Nusra' had said that Nusra would soon merge with

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killing 48 people. More than 122 people were reported to be heavily injured. The bombs targeted the Officers' club and the nearby buildings of the Touristic Hotel and the historic "Jouha Café". The hotel received major damage while the café was entirely destroyed. A small building within the

1687:. However, Al-Qaeda agrees that hudud punishments should be implemented in the long term. The main criticism of defectors from ISIL is that the group is killing and fighting other Sunni Muslims, and that they are unhappy that other Sunnis like Jabhat al-Nusra are being attacked by ISIL. 2561:

In February 2013, Al Nusra fighters were involved in fighting in Safira with government reinforcements, preventing these forces from reaching their destination of the city of Aleppo. A monitoring group claims this resulted in more than two hundred casualties over a period of two weeks.

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The organisation is believed to have used, at various times and in various places, the following tactics: car-bombs, chemical weapons, suicide-attacks, targeting of checkpoints, conventional assault of military bases, assassination of political and military figures and members of the

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Turkish officials say they distinguish between international jihadist groups and others with more localized aims. They place al-Sham in the latter category. Moreover, they hope to use al-Sham's rise to put pressure on Nusra to renounce its ties to al-Qaida and open itself to outside

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Cooperating with others could also give Al Qaeda a long-term advantage in its competition with the extremists of the Islamic State, analysts said Civilians living in Nusra Front areas, too, say the group has built local support, refraining from imposing Shariah when residents

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was engaged in whitewashing Al-Nusra and that there was absolutely no reference to the Druze in Al-Nusra's "apology", claiming that Al-Nusrah forced the Druze to renounce their religion, destroyed their shrines and now considers them Sunni. Emile Hokayem, senior fellow at the

2362:. That decision made it illegal for Americans to deal financially with Nusra. Days earlier, the American ambassador to Syria, R. Ford, had said: "Extremist groups like Jabhat al-Nusra are a problem, an obstacle to finding the political solution that Syria's going to need". 3421:, Efraim Halevy, in an interview for al-Jazeera implicitly confirmed that such practices had taken place, as part of a general Israeli policy of treating wounded rebel fighters on the border. Israel, however, denies formal ties of any sort between itself and al-Nusra and 2881:

addressed Jabhat al-Nusra as "our brothers", saying that "The summary of this issue is that we in Jaish Al-Islam praise our brothers of the Nusrah Front and we don't consider them Khawarij as is propagated against us, We fight alongside them and they fight alongside us".

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were allegedly claimed by al-Nusra Front in an Internet video; however, on 15 May 2012, someone claiming to be a spokesman for the group denied that the organisation was responsible for the attack, saying that it would only release information through jihadist forums.

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was claimed by al-Nusra, in a video seen by AFP on 29 February 2012. It was allegedly carried out by Abu al-Baraa al-Shami. Footage of the destruction caused by the blast was released on a jihadist forum. An al-Nusra-affiliated group announced the formation of the

1644:. The strategies derived from Abu Musab's guidelines included providing services to people, avoiding being seen as extremists, maintaining strong relationships with local communities and other fighting groups, and putting the focus on fighting the government. 2389:

In October–December 2012 Nusra received words of praise and appreciation for their efforts in the "revolution" against Assad from non-specified 'rebels', an FSA spokesman in the Aleppo region, a group of 29 civilian and military groups, and the leader of the

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In June 2015, al-Julani stated in regards to ISIL: "There is no solution between us and them in the meantime, or in the foreseeable future We hope they repent to God and return to their senses ... if not, then there is nothing but fighting between us."

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With members of al-Qaeda still enmeshed throughout the group's leadership, it can be considered that al-Qaeda was not "external" to the group. After the announcement, numerous senior al-Qaeda members still within the group were targeted by the US in

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left to join the al-Nusra Front;- Jaish al-Ahrar, al-Bara, Dhu Nurayn, al-Sawa'iq and Usud al-Har Battalion, accrodign to social media sources. On the same day, 2 al-Nusra Shura Council members based in Aleppo announced that they left the group.

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In August 2016, the BBC estimated Jabhat Fatah al-Sham as having 5,000–10,000 fighters, all Syrian. Lister gave a figure of 10,000. In a public statement issued by its spokesperson, JFS announced that it was officially splitting from Al-Qaeda:

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fighters were beheaded by Nusra, according to sources on social media. In December 2015, Nusra fighters celebrated the ransoming and exchange of Lebanese army prisoners in the town of Arsal in Lebanon, according to sources on social media.

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had "poured hundreds of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of tons of weapons into anyone who would fight against Al-Assad, except that the people who were being supplied were al-Nusra, and al Qaeda, and the extremist elements of

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in March 2013 said that the group had increased its membership from around 300–400 jihadists to 1,000 as Syrian fighters in Iraq have returned to their country in the wake of the US designation of al-Nusra as a terrorist organisation.

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in the areas of Syria where they had a presence. A statement issued on 12 July 2014 by al-Nusra's media channel affirmed the authenticity of the recording, but stated that they had not yet declared the establishment of an emirate.

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By the second half of 2012, Jabhat al-Nusra stood out among the array of armed groups emerging in Syria as a disciplined and effective fighting force. Nusra in October 2012 refused a call for a four-day ceasefire in Syria during

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law, with an emphasis from an early stage on focusing on the "near enemy" of the Syrian regime rather than on global jihad. Syrian members of the group claimed that they are fighting only the Assad regime and would not attack

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Jabhat al-Nusra will always be in dire need of al Qaeda's name to keep its foreign fighters away from IS. Most Jabhat foreign fighters will never accept to fight and die for what looks like an Islamic national project."

2275:(Iraqi), Mustafa Abd al-Latif al-Saleh (kunya:Abu Anas al-Sahaba) (Jordanian/Palestinian), Iyad Tubasi (kunya: Abu Julaybib) (Jordanian/Palestinian), Abu Omar al-Filistini (Palestinian) and Anas Hassan Khattab (Syria). 11502: 8199: 5693: 7049: 3300:. The training camp had been operated by al-Nusra Front and al-Zenki since 2013. Outrage over the lack of condolences from other factions over an American bombing and killing of 100+ JFS members was voiced by 1752:

to death women accused of extramarital relations. Overall, they have "applied a strict interpretation of Shari'a and imposed punishments amounting to torture or other ill-treatment for perceived infractions."

10609: 5770: 5206: 5983: 2286:, where the objectives of the group were determined. Golani's group formally announced itself under the name "Jabhat al-Nusra l'Ahl as-Sham" (Support Front for the People of the Sham) on 23 January 2012. 7453: 2521:. During the storming of the Hanano barracks 11 soldiers were killed and they held the complex for six hours before retreating. They also claimed killing 32 soldiers during the raid on the Raqqah base. 10195: 9222: 3269:

in the northern Idlib Governorate. The Uyghur Turkistan Islamic Party also counted him among their chiefs. The next day, more than 25 JFS members were killed in an air raid by suspected US planes. The

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counter-extremism thinktank estimated its membership at 5,000 fighters with 2,000 trainees. In May 2013, analysts Ken Sofer and Juliana Shafroth estimated 6,000 foreign and domestic fighters. By July,

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Russia sees al-Nusra as a terrorist organization. Russian air strikes reportedly targeted positions held by al-Nusra from September 2015 and Al-Nusra set a reward for the seizure of Russian soldiers.

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on 4 May 2015: "I think it will happen soon. You have to understand that al-Nusra consists of two very different parts and that one part, mostly local fighters, are not interested in global jihad".

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gas. The governor of Adana claimed that the security forces had not found sarin gas but unknown chemicals. The Turkish Ambassador to Moscow later said that tests showed the chemical seized was

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to set up a Syrian offshoot of al Qaeda in August 2011, to bring down the Assad government and establish an Islamic state there. Golani and six colleagues crossed the border from Iraq into

9468: 4658: 2621:, released a recorded audio message on the Internet, in which he announced that Jabhat al-Nusra was part of his network, and that he was merging Jabhat al-Nusra with ISI into one group, " 14093: 11273: 16221: 15476: 14301: 12776: 6449:

Seamus Hughes, deputy director of George Washington University's Program on Extremism, has researched Pazara's activities and called the defense motion "a very novel but uphill battle."

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supplied by the United States to moderate anti-Assad rebels. The group allegedly captured tanks, machine guns, ammunition, vehicles and American anti-tank missiles from the U.S.-backed

3441: 8405: 11653: 10559:"Rafeed is also home to Jabhat al-Nusra (which kidnapped & apparently assassinated collaborators with Israel) and ISIS cells. Anyone familiar with southern Syria would know this" 5004: 2595:

By January 2013, Nusra was a formidable force alleged to have strong popular support in Syria, and it continued to grow in strength during the following months. In January 2013, the

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had talked with Nusra leader Abu Mohammad al-Julani and encouraged him to abandon al-Qaeda, promising funding to Nusra once that break-up was carried out. An official close to the

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split, with some members, particularly foreign fighters, following Baghdadi's edict and joining ISIL, while others stayed loyal to Golani or left to join other Islamist brigades.

11363: 5424: 4926: 1683:(scripturally-mandated punishment) aspects of sharia. They particularly criticised ISIL's enthusiasm for punishments such as executing gay people, chopping limbs off, and public 9503: 9162: 7284: 2629:

had been dispatched by the ISI to Syria to meet with pre-existing cells in the country and that the ISI had provided Jabhat al-Nusra with the plans and strategy needed for the

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so it may rise to liberate its lands and perform Jihad in the path of Allah, and to establish the law of Allah, so the Word of Allah may be supreme"). The video glorified the

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precipitously instituting sharia, preferring the more gradual approach favored by al-Qaeda of preparing society through indoctrination and education before implementing the

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at al-Nusra's headquarters before the evacuation. During the evacuation of rebels from Aleppo, al-Nusra were the first to leave, along with prisoners whom they kidnapped.

3451:'s release. Qatari Intelligence Chief Ghanim Khalifa al-Kubaisi sent a contact a text with the words "Done"—and a thumbs-up emoticon—after Curtis's release was completed. 3402:

The US government sent weapons to rebels in Syria from at least late 2013, and perhaps as early as 2012, during the beginning phases of the conflict (CIA's covert program

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villagers in Idlib province located in north-west Syria. Al-Jazeera claimed that Al-Nusra's leadership apologized and blamed the incident on a few undisciplined fighters.

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In late October 2014, al-Nusra began attacking some FSA and moderate Islamist groups that it was formerly allied with, reportedly in a bid to eventually establish its own

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In October 2015 Al-Nusra militant Abu Ubaid Al-Madani, who speaks Russian, released a video addressed to the Russians warning that they would massacre Russian soldiers.

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On 28 January 2017, several Salafist jihadist groups, including Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, agreed upon a merger agreement, resulting in the formation of a new group called

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authorities reported the killing of another prominent member of the group, Wael Mohammad al-Majdalawi, killed on 12 August 2012 in an operation conducted in Damascus.

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stated likewise: "From the reports we get from the doctors, most of the injured and dead FSA are Jabhat al-Nusra, due to their courage and always at the front line".

10053:"Some foreign fighters within the al Qaeda-linked Islamic Jihad Union in #Afghanistan. Most are Central Asians, but likely some Europeans too https://t.co/ts9lsHAsjp" 16191: 16146: 13730: 13714: 13587: 13353: 13134: 12950: 12648: 12454: 12325: 10121:"Saudi jihadi cleric in Syria Sheikh Muheisseni is very upset re. lack of condolences from factions regarding latest U.S. strike on JFS camp https://t.co/DDkmRy03K9" 4687: 2086: 1721:

In 2015 Al-Qaeda leader al-Zawahiri urged ISIL fighters to unite with all other jihadists against their enemies and stop the infighting. The Nusra Front praised the

3406:). Some of these weapons reportedly fell into the hands of al-Nusra. Weapons have been passed on to Nusra by Ahrar ash-Sham according to a Nusra member and rebels. 2271:

in May–June 2011 who were already active in fighting against Assad's security forces. The six men who founded Nusra alongside Julani were Saleh al-Hamawi (Syrian),

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noted that immediately after the rebranding, both the US and Russia called it "cosmetic" and promised that air strikes would continue" against al-Nusra. Journalist

1865: 16251: 16226: 15363: 13810: 13083: 12976: 12792: 12652: 2871:, near the Turkish border in the Idlib Province, in an attempt to prevent Russian warplanes from bombing the town after the implementation of the Syria ceasefire. 7125: 7097: 2420:

attacks of this criminal Al Assad army with all the might we can muster. We promise to protect the lives of civilians and their possessions from security and the

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Flag of Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Sham - Jabhat al-Nusra ("Organization of Jihad's Base in the Levant - Victory Front") used from April 2013 to July 2016

16211: 16181: 13618: 12593: 10716: 10243: 9609: 9529: 9354: 6519: 5993: 862: 8935: 7071: 3116:, the rebels accused the United States of conducting the strike, but this was denied by the Pentagon and subsequently Russia took responsibility. On 3 October, 16196: 16176: 13967: 13718: 13591: 13357: 13138: 12458: 12329: 10997: 7457: 5866: 5778: 2814:

In 2015, rebel factions in southern Syria vowed to distance themselves from the 'extremists' of al-Nusra in April 2015, but were seen cooperating with them in

2082: 8302: 7709: 5056: 14426: 13459: 13379: 13220: 9013: 7405: 6909: 6119: 2989:

province, still strongly advocated a split with al-Qaeda. Muhamed Nabih Osman, leading a charitable organisation for former Assad prisoners, said to website

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province, where a car bomb killed two people; while the other occurred in the Mezzeh neighbourhood of Damascus, where a suicide bomber killed 11 people. The

5397: 16246: 15776: 13760: 13544: 13312: 10613: 9547: 3476:, Qatar has allegedly played a central role in a secret money laundering operation to send hundreds of millions of dollars to Al-Nusra Front terrorists in 2415:", in a YouTube video statement that was released on 23 January 2012. In the statement, the group claimed that it attacked the headquarters of security in 7253: 16136: 15226: 15211: 15181: 13826: 13623: 13559: 12761: 12622: 12598: 12065: 12029: 12004: 10513: 8562: 8435: 8250: 8224: 7807: 7650: 6991: 6744: 6481: 3548: 3396: 2513:

In the air defence base assault they reportedly destroyed buildings and sabotaged radar and rockets after over-running the base in co-operation with the

1517: 1282: 7505: 2566: 1151:, Abu Julaybib and others, mobilised Al-Qaeda personnel in northwestern Syria to establish an anti-HTS front in north-western Syria, eventually forming 13384: 13317: 13170: 12900: 12401: 12034: 11436: 10306: 10022:"Last month, Ansar Jihad, a largely Central Asian al Qaeda-linked group in #Syria, released a bio for its killed military emir https://t.co/3WmDErF6Lu" 9640: 9245: 6942: 6415: 6138: 5314: 5078: 3034: 11151: 10755: 10736: 10531: 8483: 5455: 14554: 14260: 13389: 11909: 9829: 9328: 8744: 6638: 6292: 5494: 5160: 4608: 4392: 3205: 10409: 9281: 8534: 8508: 5112: 2841:, al-Nusra effectively coordinated its operations with the FSA, moderate and conservative Syrian Islamists, and some independent jihadist factions. 2745:, called for Singha's death after he allegedly called the Filipinos soldiers cowards. On 11 September, the kidnapped Fijian soldiers were released. 1941:, in Arabic). Prior to the formation of Jabhat al-Nusra, Abu Mohammad al-Julani was a senior member of Islamic State of Iraq, heading operations in 1841: 13653: 12915: 12804: 12091: 12014: 11217: 10099: 8332: 6582: 6349: 5508: 3576: 2738: 847: 616: 6046: 5950: 5034: 4662: 4488: 3131:, after infighting between them and numerous rebel groups including Ahrar al-Sham, merged with JFS. In early October, according to pro-government 15781: 15281: 15196: 15166: 13780: 13683: 13613: 13534: 13454: 13210: 12561: 12556: 12117: 9460: 8784:"2days ago masked men cut off heads of 2Syrian rebels in Jabal Zawiya, north-Syria. I'm not posting vid but @J_N_Violation has horror video >" 6064: 4437: 4229: 3627:, in Homs province. Al-Nusra later admitted to the killing of 30 civilians overall in three Alawite villages, includes those in Maksar al-Hesan. 11588: 5258: 2543:

Members of al-Nusra Front carried out two suicide attacks in early November 2012. One occurred in a rural development center in Sahl al-Ghab in

1877: 14525: 13893: 13795: 13297: 12945: 12086: 11516: 11281: 10473: 8815:"Acc to vid, 2beheaded men were accused of belonging to rebel group Jamal Marouf, which was destroyed by Nusra (Al-Qaeda) in 2014 > @akhbar" 11756: 10495: 15201: 14329: 14151: 13332: 13302: 13245: 12692: 12249: 12024: 11994: 11304: 9303: 7858: 6613: 5965: 3657: 1803: 1488: 8877:"Watch video of AlQaeda fighters inside #Lebanon celebrating prisoner swap. AlJazeera is the exclusive broadcaster. https://t.co/zPKa2arjMu" 8413: 7227: 6228: 5008: 2060:. All potential recruits were required to undertake a ten-day religious training course, followed by a 15–20-day military training program. 1889: 15985: 15812: 15766: 15186: 15161: 14368: 14356: 14351: 14334: 13643: 13399: 13088: 12766: 12627: 12475: 12341: 12173: 12143: 12060: 11836: 11657: 11464: 9779: 6774: 6692: 6027: 4275: 4126: 2587:. They were held in the town of Yabroud until 9 March 2014, The nuns reported they had not been harassed and could keep religious symbols. 1401: 832: 7197: 7142: 6666: 2673:

commander Abu Khaled al-Souri. Al-Julani gave ISIL five days to submit evidence that they were innocent of the attack to three imprisoned

16015: 15259: 15176: 14540: 14512: 14346: 14321: 13942: 13098: 12814: 12148: 12138: 12122: 8961: 6008: 4893: 4767: 2570: 2359: 655: 10913: 9711: 8745:"Bounty For Bashar Assad? Al Qaeda Nusra Front Offers $ 3.4M For Syrian President, $ 2.3M For Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah, Leader Says" 3002:

at Nusra's expense, hoping that al-Sham's rise puts pressure on Nusra to renounce its ties to al-Qaeda and open itself to outside help.

15520: 14626: 14530: 13903: 13464: 13225: 13150: 11936: 11481: 11329: 11195: 8012:"ISI Confirms That Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Its Extension in Syria, Declares 'Islamic State of Iraq And Al-Sham' As New Name of Merged Group" 5432: 4934: 4511: 4307: 1829: 1569: 11028: 10216: 9729: 9380: 14535: 13913: 13282: 13165: 12883: 12418: 9571: 9166: 3559:

On 30 May 2013, Turkish newspapers reported that Turkish security forces had arrested al-Nusra fighters in the southern provinces of

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forces in a post-Assad Syria, anticipating a new stage of the civil war. It denounced the international assistance in support of the

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described al-Nusra as "the most aggressive and successful" of the rebel forces. While secular and pro-democratic rebel groups of the

11251: 10369: 9143: 7919: 6462: 6382: 4741: 2386:'s Saif al-Dawla district said that al-Nusra Front "have experienced fighters who are like the revolution's elite commando troops." 15271: 14421: 13638: 13628: 13394: 13073: 11818: 11738: 10888: 8383: 7986: 5623: 2940:

For over a year prior to this there had been speculation that the group would separate from Al-Qaeda and about what it would mean.

2708:. Also in July, an audio recording attributed to al-Julani appeared online, in which he said that al-Nusra planned to establish an 2289:

Iraq's deputy interior minister said in early February 2012 that weapons and Islamist militants were entering Syria from Iraq. The

5291: 4357: 2337:(FSA), Nusra had in November 2012 between 6,000 and 10,000 fighters, accounting for 7–9% of the FSA's total fighters. Commentator 1123:

The announcement caused defections of senior Al-Nusra commanders and criticism from al-Qaeda ranks, provoking a harsh rebuke from

16038: 15515: 15447: 14520: 14041: 13983: 13929: 13875: 13648: 13008: 12826: 12438: 12168: 11152:""You Can Still See Their Blood" - Executions, Unlawful Killings, and Hostage Taking by Opposition Forces in Latakia Countryside" 11054: 10196:"New statement from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī in Bilād al-Shām: "Condolences on the Martyrdom of the Constellation of Heroes"" 9415: 8037: 8011: 6194: 5339: 5228: 3143:. On 25 January 2017, according to rebel social media, they returned, along with their leader Lt. Col. Nasha'at Haj Ahmad to the 3068: 2810:

An al-Nusra field commander outside a building jointly occupied by al-Nusra and Ahrar al-Sham in the city of Idlib, 30 March 2015

1500: 11613: 11482:"Australian Government lists anti-Assad Syrian group as terrorist organisation - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)" 10822: 9880:"When he was killed last month in a US drone strike, jihadis reported he was a senior figure of JFS (now Tahrir al Sham) #Syria" 9441: 9196: 6880: 3388:

reported that Saudi Arabia and Turkey were "focusing their backing for the Syrian rebels on the combined Jaish al-Fatah, or the

15378: 15306: 14409: 14181: 14161: 13957: 13693: 13078: 12490: 12163: 9692: 8991: 3239: 2790:. Al-Julani said he would pay "three million euros ($ 3.4 million) for anyone who can kill Bashar al-Assad and end his story". 2603:

estimated its strength at 7,000 fighters. Other size estimates, however, were more conservative; a report in the Turkish daily

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Al-Nusra claimed responsibility for the attack and published photos of 11 station employees they kidnapped following the raid.

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to be the best trained and most experienced fighters among the Syrian rebels. According to spokesmen of a moderate wing of the

938: 10967: 10455: 8636: 7876: 5747: 5377: 3265:, a senior Al-Qaeda member and Jabhat Fatah al-Sham military commander, along with 3=three other JFS members near the town of 2378:

In August 2012, there were signs of Nusra co-operating with other rebels. The group took part in military operations with the

16126: 16049: 15930: 15221: 14103: 14075: 13844: 13745: 13504: 13429: 13369: 13103: 13013: 12960: 12386: 11538: 10610:"Funding Al Nusra Through Ransom: Qatar and the Myth of "Humanitarian Principle" | Consortium Against Terrorist Finance" 4136: 2115:

It was estimated that al-Nusra's fighting force was approximately 30% foreign fighters and 70% local Islamists in July 2016.

920: 11389: 10696: 9749:"Ansar Jihad reports he fought in Afghanistan in Tora Bora before fleeing to Pakistan and being captured by Pakistani intel" 6097: 4579: 3278:

Central Asians make up the majority of foreigners in the Afghanistan-based Islamic Jihad Union which is allied to Al-Qaeda.

2893:(FSA), which is itself an alliance of allied groups, some of which were more willing to co-operate with Nusra than others." 16161: 16151: 14431: 14171: 14036: 13888: 13519: 13240: 13235: 12153: 12009: 11356:"The Jabhat Fath Al-Sham were among the first to leave besieged Aleppo and the fate of those they arrested remains unknown" 9799:"In 2011, he was freed and returned to Afghanistan and fought with the AQ-linked Islamic Jihad Union before going to Syria" 8722: 4131: 3232: 3170: 2311:

stated in December 2012 that many foreign al-Nusra fighters were hardened veterans from conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

2208: 776: 17: 7361: 7335: 5886:"A rare interview with an experienced Al Qaeda commander shows how the group is using ISIS to make itself look 'moderate'" 4691: 2528:

base around Maraat al Numan, in a prolonged fighting that turned into a siege of the base. They also led an attack on the

2468: 16166: 15904: 15388: 14583: 13775: 13292: 13118: 12396: 11080: 7808:"Priest Beheaded on Video By Syrian Jihadists Bears 'No Relation' To Death of Father François Murad [Correction]" 5840: 2694: 2548: 2514: 2462: 1505: 1326: 948: 14446: 8276: 5541: 4714: 2536:"Assad dogs". The video of these executions was widely condemned, with the United Nations referring to them as probable 15761: 15472: 15301: 15291: 15156: 15135: 15115: 15100: 14482: 14156: 14056: 13698: 12751: 12583: 12371: 12209: 12050: 11757:"The list of prohibited foreign organizations in Kazakhstan | Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan" 11125: 10324: 8169: 7309: 7122: 6171: 3551:

in Syria. He said "There is no choice but to escalate the battle and to target Alawite towns and villages in Latakia".

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continued to consider it to be a branch of al-Qaeda and "an organization to be concerned about". Al-Jazeera journalist

1441: 933: 928: 11800: 11169: 9960:"Profile of Abu Omar al Turkistani, who was killed in a US drone strike in #Syria last month: https://t.co/w0yjkZCNsU" 9606: 9358: 7961: 6527: 6247: 4853: 15980: 15664: 15316: 15266: 15140: 15105: 14565: 14122: 14016: 13549: 13539: 13337: 13200: 12988: 12955: 12578: 12158: 12019: 10854: 9991:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria -a profile of Abu Umar al Turkistani https://t.co/pY5nu0ffsE" 9099: 8353: 5801: 4797: 4548: 4538: 2836: 2622: 2348: 1081: 13185: 10994: 10801: 10432: 7835: 7557: 7013: 6969: 6752: 3425:

reported that Nusra refused to cooperate with Israel, in fact kidnapping and assassinating suspected collaborators.

15955: 15899: 15894: 15847: 15832: 15817: 15337: 15206: 14757: 14275: 14112: 13883: 13668: 13160: 12539: 12428: 12309: 12237: 12055: 11989: 11626: 8962:"إذاعة النور - الأخبار - "أحرار الشام" تطرد مسلحي "النصرة" من "حارم" واشتباكات بينهما في مدينة سلقين - إذاعة النور" 8310: 6917: 6319: 6265: 2818:

only days later. In May 2015, al-Nusra was estimated to have 10,000 fighters in Southern Syria, far fewer than the

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Some units of al-Nusra began taking part in clashes against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in late 2013.

2525: 2105: 1725:, saying that even though they view ISIL as "dogs of hellfire", they applaud when "infidels" get attacked by ISIL. 1436: 1128: 1101: 917: 912: 877: 350: 8909: 7893: 7580: 7409: 7379: 3620:, Salafist rebel forces led by al-Nusra systematically killed at least 190 civilians in several Alawite villages. 3139:

fighters defected to join Jabhat Fatah al-Sham due to several disagreements, mainly due to the established of the

16236: 16141: 16131: 15771: 15525: 15321: 14667: 14265: 14207: 13658: 13524: 13449: 13287: 13108: 13033: 9490: 5409: 3740: 3646: 2959: 2152: 1431: 1426: 13947: 11854: 8584: 3414:

rebels gave six pickup trucks and a portion of their ammunition to al-Nusra Front in exchange for safe passage.

2394:. At the same time, two anonymous FSA leaders, and a secular rebel in north Syria, expressed disapproval of the 16231: 15960: 15914: 15852: 15719: 15125: 14573: 14176: 13854: 13499: 13322: 13267: 13215: 13068: 12993: 12930: 12861: 12675: 11929: 11887: 10942: 7602: 7479: 7261: 4974: 3417:

There were cases of al-Nusra combatants receiving medical aid in Israel and returning to fight. Former head of

2109: 1562: 1495: 1331: 887: 822: 13750: 8846:"#شاهد رد فعل مقاتلي #جبهة_النصرة مع بدء تنفيذ صفقة تبادل الأسرى #مباشر #لبنان #عرسال https://t.co/1Si8ZcjOwC" 8254: 8228: 8121: 7906: 7660: 2867:-based jihadist groups swore allegiance to al-Nusra. On 25 February, al-Nusra Front withdrew from the town of 15995: 15638: 15286: 15244: 14900: 14708: 14677: 14472: 13785: 13673: 13489: 13439: 13262: 13038: 12998: 12736: 12532: 12470: 12361: 12346: 7509: 7454:"Syrian TV presenter Mohammad al Saeed has been executed by Islamist armed group Al-Nusra, says rights group" 6814: 4826: 3293: 2968: 2435: 2407: 2188: 897: 892: 14166: 12264: 12259: 9849:"See this piece from @thomasjoscelyn for more information on Turkistani's JFS role: https://t.co/xYblBBNu0S" 9530:"US journalist who escaped Jabhat Fateh Al-Sham captivity, lands in Turkey jail for violating military zone" 9095: 8099: 7531: 5082: 15970: 15862: 15383: 15296: 15254: 14657: 14127: 13849: 13790: 13663: 13419: 13414: 13175: 13155: 13048: 13043: 13003: 12888: 12366: 12294: 11701: 7812: 7763: 6554: 4911: 4875: 4466: 3526: 2481: 2428: 2199:

described the rebranding as an "jihadi shell game" and "expedient fiction"—a tactic known as "marbling" by

1421: 1120:("Front for the Conquest of the Levant") and officially announced that it was breaking ties with Al-Qaeda. 747: 672: 281: 10839: 10417: 9929:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria - https://t.co/tnbHsn2XL4 https://t.co/MsKmj7wll7" 7172: 4956: 4636: 4512:"The involvement of Salafism/Wahhabism in the support and supply of arms to rebel groups around the world" 16030: 15909: 15674: 15440: 15373: 15216: 15130: 15120: 15110: 15095: 15035: 14935: 14782: 14662: 14641: 14606: 14497: 14492: 14373: 14006: 13937: 13484: 13444: 13277: 13195: 13180: 12756: 12721: 12502: 12269: 12096: 11411: 10347:"Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria" 10166:"#Syria: Four Ahrar al-Sham battalions reportedly defect to Jabhat Fatah al-Sham https://t.co/gbsbkI66gw" 8147: 3219: 3191: 3102:

On 8 September an airstrike of unknown origin killed the top JFS military commander, Abu Hajer al-Homsi (

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All statements and videos by al-Nusra Front have been released by its media outlet, al-Manarah al-Bayda (

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Members of the group were accused of attacking the religious beliefs of non-Sunnis in Syria, such as the

1722: 1614:

The al-Nusra Front is estimated to be primarily made up of Syrian jihadists. Its goals were to overthrow

1483: 1341: 1336: 827: 759: 696: 684: 489: 11225: 7738: 6718: 2532:

in November 2012, an important and strategic base for the Syrian army, containing up to 48 helicopters.

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Al-Nusra Front allegedly have an elite sniper unit known as the "Wolf Group". Training is conducted in

3282: 3223: 2492: 2473: 1396: 11719: 11170:"Syria Massacre? Nusra Front Fighters Reportedly Kill Women, Children, Elderly Men in Alawite Village" 9910:"Two days after the killing of "jihadist" leaders… airstrikes by unknown warplanes again near Sarmada" 4441: 15842: 15791: 15684: 15414: 14728: 14601: 14396: 14311: 14132: 13898: 13770: 13514: 13469: 13374: 13205: 12871: 12866: 12697: 12670: 12665: 12527: 12406: 12214: 11922: 11592: 11560: 8692:"Syrian civil war: Jabhat al-Nusra's massacre of Druze villagers shows they're just as nasty as Isis" 8589: 3537: 3174: 2203:

groups—and that as of December 2016 Al-Qaeda had embedded "two dozen senior personnel" in the group.

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Al-Nusra Front also claimed responsibility for attacking numerous Syrian military bases, including:

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them joined its ranks since the rebranding, believing the group to be "less extreme" than the rival

16062: 15786: 14718: 14593: 14578: 14046: 13765: 13755: 13740: 13564: 13409: 13230: 12935: 12632: 12573: 12183: 11760: 10104: 9223:"Syria's Nusra Front leader urges wider attacks on Assad's Alawite areas to avenge Russian bombing" 8512: 8487: 3344: 3209: 3096: 3022:

10,000 fighters, with the Russian ministry of defence estimating 7,000 fighters in Idlib province.

2822:, but with superior weaponry on which the FSA depended in joint operations against the government. 2554: 2104:, an Uzbek group which is a part of al-Qaeda. Child soldiers were used by Katibat Imam al-Bukhari. 1798: 660: 5562: 16241: 16121: 15990: 14672: 14631: 14621: 14416: 14270: 14191: 13996: 13859: 13688: 13678: 13424: 13404: 13190: 12940: 12910: 12893: 12771: 12423: 11461: 9557: 8445: 3297: 3072: 3064: 2944: 2913: 2794: 2787: 2705: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2041: 2024:

Held the position of general religious authority and Emir of the Eastern area until 30 July 2014

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Victory Front for the People of the Levant by the Mujahideen of the Levant on the Fields of Jihad

781: 706: 452: 193: 4876:"Free Syrian Army commander praises Al Nusrah Front as 'brothers' | FDD's Long War Journal" 3292:

Sheikh Suleiman military base in western Aleppo, which was used by Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and the

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A number of Americans have attempted to join the fighting in Syria, specifically with al-Nusra.

1744:. In December 2014, al-Nusra Front fighters shot dead a woman execution-style on accusations of 16090: 16025: 15945: 15492: 15433: 15249: 14186: 13991: 13952: 13603: 13554: 13509: 13479: 13093: 13053: 13028: 13018: 12876: 12851: 12741: 12704: 12680: 12480: 10658: 7431: 7205: 7146: 6443: 4199: 4164: 3613: 3335:

Abu Umar Saraqib and Abu Faraj's deaths received condolences from the Turkistan Islamic Party.

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called for Russian civilians to be attacked by former Soviet Muslims and called for attacks on

2905: 2626: 2355: 2260: 2165: 1971: 1918: 1596: 1254: 1207: 1050: 925: 882: 871: 842: 309: 133: 88: 10636: 8969: 4775: 4415: 3120:, an Egyptian JFS and al-Qaeda commander, was killed by a US airstrike against his vehicle in 2000:

Deputy leader and senior religious official in al-Nusra Left the group after the formation of

16100: 16020: 15857: 13633: 13113: 12304: 12279: 12178: 6498: 6123: 3332:

then established a joint operations room to combat al-Nusra and its subfaction Jund al-Aqsa.

2614: 2596: 2298: 2248: 2196: 1729: 1636:, a top sharia official in the group, acknowledged that it is influenced by the teachings of 1391: 1351: 967: 176: 10150: 8690: 8467: 7785: 1088:". In April 2013, Al-Nusra Front was publicly confirmed as the official Syrian affiliate of 15837: 15694: 15643: 15467: 15236: 14875: 14636: 14462: 14436: 13962: 13494: 13307: 13058: 13023: 12856: 12841: 12687: 12376: 12299: 12101: 11999: 11855:"القضاء العراقي ينشر اعترافات قيادي في النصرة :شيخ قطري مدّ فصيل ارهابي بمليون دولار شهريا" 11614:(List of) "Designated individuals and organisations" in New Zealand as "terrorist entities" 10562: 10169: 10124: 10056: 10025: 9994: 9963: 9932: 9883: 9852: 9802: 9752: 8880: 8849: 8818: 8787: 8041: 7982: 6643: 5924:"Officials from Al Nusrah Front, Ahrar al Sham vow to continue fight against Islamic State" 3649:

militiamen while kidnapping up to 70 people after taking control of the Alawite village of

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fact that ISIS gained Al Nusra weapons as members of Al Nusra are known to defect to ISIS.

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brigades and disengage from al-Qaeda, but that not all Nusra emirs had yet agreed to that.

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The next day al-Julani rejected the proposed merger and affirmed the group's allegiance to

2618: 2294: 2272: 2252: 2094: 2011: 1703: 1371: 1136: 1097: 867: 857: 737: 732: 4768:"Qatar denies support for Muslim Brotherhood, Nusra Front - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 3680:

Countries and organisations below have listed al-Nusra Front as a terrorist organisation:

3447:

Qatar managed the negotiations with al-Nusra Front that ultimately led to American writer

2806: 2048:, the group was organised along semi-conventional military lines, with units divided into 1810:

news network was actively involved in the "mainstreaming" of the Al-Nusra Front in Syria.

639: 8: 16072: 15055: 15010: 14975: 14487: 14291: 14070: 13735: 13571: 12925: 12905: 12726: 12709: 12610: 12512: 12289: 11012: 10721: 9928: 6270: 5688: 5201: 4519: 4176: 3434: 3274: 3270: 3117: 2917: 2343: 2329: 2307: 2290: 2181: 2101: 1942: 1522: 1135:

and other rebel groups, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (JFS) merged with four other groups to form

1045: 907: 837: 104: 10581: 9516: 9029:"جبهة النصرة تخلي مقارها في سرمدا الحدودية مع تركيا منعاً لاستخدامها كذريعة لقصف البلدة" 5718: 5347: 5262: 16067: 16043: 16000: 15618: 15613: 15539: 14995: 14441: 13908: 13839: 13800: 12517: 12495: 11155: 10782: 10052: 10021: 9990: 9959: 9879: 9848: 9798: 9748: 9408:"Turkey Officials Confirm Pact With Saudi Arabia To Help Rebels Fighting Syria's Assad" 6745:"Insight - U.S.-led strikes pressure al Qaeda's Syria group to join with Islamic State" 5509:"Rewards for Justice - Reward Offer for Information on Senior Leaders of Hurras al-Din" 3635: 3617: 3600: 3511: 3321: 3113: 3084: 3030: 2649: 2518: 2177: 1767: 1510: 1456: 1148: 1144: 477: 13063: 12920: 11782: 9666: 9074: 8876: 8814: 8783: 8611: 8015: 6375:"California Arrest Underscores Ongoing Concern Over Americans Joining Al Qaeda Abroad" 5588: 5232: 3467:

Qatar's alleged support of Al Nusra was highly criticized in both U.S. and U.K media.

16056: 16005: 15689: 15530: 15353: 15060: 15015: 14616: 14611: 14387: 14296: 14252: 13608: 12809: 12522: 12081: 11892: 10165: 10120: 9096:"Russia calls on all states to put Islamic State, Jabhat al-Nusra on terrorist lists" 8845: 8641: 7628: 7365: 5988: 4544: 3584: 3448: 3422: 3411: 3247: 2826: 2761: 2690: 2686: 2529: 2192: 2173: 1741: 1655: 1641: 1229: 1124: 1093: 1066: 1017: 623: 304: 208: 11897: 10823:"Syria: Al-Nusra Jihadists 'Capture US TOW Anti-Tank Missiles' from Moderate Rebels" 9590:"Statement by Pentagon Press Secretary Peter Cook on Strike against al-Qaida Leader" 7336:"Terrorist Al-Ayesh, Who Supervised Rigging Car Bombs Detonated in Damascus, Killed" 6408:"North Carolina Arrest Marks 6th American in 2013 Associated With Al Qaeda in Syria" 6346:"The Formation of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and Wider Tensions in the Syrian Insurgency" 5984:"Number of ISIS defectors growing, disillusioned with killing fellow Muslims: Study" 4336:"Syria Islamist factions, including former al Qaeda branch, join forces - statement" 3641:

On 12 May 2016, according to pro-government media, rebels led by al-Nusra Front and

2998:

On 7 May 2015, a Turkish official said that Turkey and Saudi Arabia were bolstering

2457:

The murder in July 2012 of journalist Mohammed al-Saeed, a well-known government TV

15704: 15699: 15030: 15020: 15000: 14990: 14895: 14885: 14880: 14818: 14777: 14762: 14467: 14117: 14001: 13327: 13250: 12836: 12660: 12615: 12566: 12549: 12544: 12391: 12356: 11984: 11945: 10918: 10700: 10558: 7655: 7339: 4335: 4280: 4260: 3456: 3389: 3285: 3251: 3109: 2947:

cited rumours that Nusra leader al-Julani had plans to disassociate from al-Qaeda.

2890: 2852:, after tensions between the two groups boiled over. Subsequent clashes erupted in 2819: 2630: 2379: 2334: 2244: 2090: 2065: 1950: 1647:

The tactics of al-Nusra Front differed markedly from those of rival jihadist group

1446: 1113: 1054: 1021: 852: 814: 742: 628: 501: 469: 440: 364: 137: 120: 108: 10840:"Mapping Militant Organizations: Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (Formerly Jabhat al-Nusra)" 10086:"US air strikes kill more than 100 'al-Qaeda militants' at training camp in Syria" 6166:[Why did Al-Nusra Front apologize for the Qalb Lozeh massacre in Syria?]. 5841:"An Internal Struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian Affiliate Is Grappling With Its Identity" 4467:"An internal struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity" 3503:, targeting (destruction/killing) of pro-government media stations and personnel. 2954:

reported that "sources within and close to al-Nusra" said that in the past months

2370: 2093:

who were alleged to have financially supported another Bosnian-American, the late

15965: 15709: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15045: 14950: 14925: 14848: 14838: 14833: 14823: 14772: 14767: 14339: 13434: 13255: 12821: 12588: 12411: 12284: 12188: 11468: 11017:

Syrian rebel groups sought to buy materials for chemical weapons, prosecutors say

11001: 10291: 10272: 9613: 9125: 8539: 7129: 5646:"Al-Nusra Front not yet dead as its emir devises "Islamic Emirate of the Levant"" 5229:"Terrorist Designations of the al-Nusrah Front as an Alias for al-Qa'ida in Iraq" 4745: 4312: 4190: 4155: 4112: 3650: 3624: 3609:. On 5 June 2012, the al-Nusra Front claimed responsibility for the 13 killings. 3560: 3490: 3403: 3140: 3121: 3014: 2991: 2889:

in 2016, "Jabhat Fateh al-Sham has a complex relationship with the more moderate

2779: 2775: 2726: 2709: 2577: 2200: 2132: 2124: 1946: 1793: 1737: 1695: 1668:

Contribute towards the establishment of a Syria-wide sharia judicial court system

1615: 1587: 1287: 1273: 1224: 1217: 1025: 1013: 464: 3616:

by rebel Islamist groups including al-Nusra Front in early August, according to

2184:, an associate of al-Zawahiri, sat alongside al-Julani during the announcement. 1785: 15628: 15565: 15555: 15276: 14985: 14955: 14905: 14890: 14870: 14858: 14843: 14828: 14752: 14065: 12846: 12731: 12605: 12507: 12351: 10329: 5192: 4719: 4230:"Time Exclusive: Meet the Islamist Militants Fighting Alongside Syria's Rebels" 3735: 3665: 3661: 3642: 3596: 3580: 3564: 3515: 3329: 3325: 3132: 3060: 2878: 2874: 2845: 2670: 2485: 2458: 2347:

described Nusra then as the most aggressive and successful arm of the FSA. The

2338: 2302: 2268: 2220: 2001: 1990: 1711: 1633: 1527: 1234: 1140: 1116:. In July 2016, al-Nusra formally re-designated itself from Jabhat al-Nusra to 1109: 983: 791: 650: 67: 14713: 11330:"Islamists agree to hand over corpses of civilians massacred in northern Homs" 10286: 9551: 9046: 6839: 6120:"Syria: Abductions, torture and summary killings at the hands of armed groups" 6065:"Syria's Nusra Front backs Paris attacks, despite opposition to Islamic State" 5867:"Al Qaeda appears 'moderate' compared to Islamic State, veteran jihadist says" 3063:

in August and was subsequently arrested by Turkish authorities for being in a

2748: 1127:, who denounced it as an "act of disobedience". On 28 January 2017, following 16115: 15940: 15888: 15822: 15724: 15560: 15456: 15040: 15005: 14960: 14930: 14910: 14865: 14853: 14700: 14477: 12831: 12746: 12381: 10989: 10217:"Al Qaeda and allies announce 'new entity' in Syria | FDD's Long War Journal" 9381:"Al Nusra Front Has 'Dissociated' from Al Qaeda, Says Abu Muhammad al Julani" 7710:"At least 50 pro-Assad forces killed in Syria suicide bombing, activists say" 3313: 3308: 3104: 3076: 3052: 2999: 2912:

villages in Syria. In November 2015, al-Nusra fighters and Turkish-supported

2757: 2734: 2412: 1934: 1772: 1671:

Use strategic areas of the country to build a sustainable al-Qaeda power base

1648: 1628: 1356: 1346: 1239: 1152: 1132: 1029: 994: 516: 53: 11801:"Al Qaeda-founded rebel group's growth underscores U.S. challenges in Syria" 10678:"Qatar played now-familiar role in helping to broker U.S. hostage's release" 8936:"Syria crisis: Spooked by rebel gains, Jordan doubles down on Islamic State" 8200:"Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq" 8066:"Syria: Jabhat al-Nusra split after leader's pledge of support for al-Qaeda" 6943:"U.S. Places Militant Syrian Rebel Group on List of Terrorist Organizations" 6667:"Syrian branch of Al Qaeda rebrands in effort to escape foreign air strikes" 6348:. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. 22 February 2017. Archived from 4308:"Interview with Official of Jabhat al-Nusra, Syria's Islamist Militia Group" 3544:

operatives sent from al-Qaeda strongholds along the Afghan-Pakistan border.

2697:

reported. In May 2014, open fighting broke out between ISIL and al-Nusra in

2576:

As of June 2013, al-Nusra Front had claimed responsibility for 57 of the 70

2131:) (The White Minaret), via the leading jihadist webforum Shamoukh al-Islam ( 2108:

were attacked by the group in September 2015. They also participated in the

1658:

instructed al-Nusra Front leader Julani to pursue the following five goals:

702: 15935: 15623: 14970: 14945: 14920: 14915: 14723: 14361: 14306: 6229:"Al Qaeda forces Druze of Idlib Syria to destroy their shrines and convert" 5943:"Al Qaeda Uses ISIS to Try to Present Itself as Respectable, Even Moderate" 3407: 3392:, a command structure for jihadist groups in Syria that Jabhat al-Nusra." 3372: 3128: 2860: 2849: 2187:

Despite the group re-branding and announcing no external affiliations, the

1603:

Jabhat an-Nuṣrah li-ahli ash-Shām min Mujahideen ash-Shām fi Sahat al-Jihad

1545: 1461: 1058: 428: 204: 11305:"Syrian opposition forces massacre, kidnap 120 civilians in southern Hama" 11274:"Activists: Al Qaeda affiliate kills 20 members of minority sect in Syria" 10862: 9830:"Pentagon: Airstrikes kill 20 or more al Qaeda fighters in northern Syria" 9693:"Monitors: Airstrike in Syria Kills Extremist Leaders Near Turkish Border" 8357: 5649: 4927:"Hezbollah fighters and the "jihadis" Mad, drugged, homicidal, and hungry" 4801: 3005:

A "well-connected Syrian Islamist" cited in May 2015 by Charles Lister in

2583:

In December 2013, al-Nusra abducted 13 nuns from a Christian monastery in

2461:, was claimed by Nusra in a video released on 3 or 4 August, according to 2225:

Khorasan, also known as the Khorasan Group, is an alleged group of senior

15882: 15633: 15570: 15368: 15050: 14980: 14965: 14940: 9144:

Al-Qaeda Affiliate Issues Bounty for Capture of Russian Soldiers in Syria

6861: 4827:"Former Guantanamo detainee killed while leading jihadist group in Syria" 4118: 3669: 3606: 3605:

On 29 May 2012, a mass execution was discovered near the eastern city of

3572: 3289: 2986: 2443: 2442:

On 29 May 2012, a mass execution was discovered near the eastern city of

2321: 2279: 2018: 1707: 1662:

Better integrate his movement within the Syrian revolution and its people

1070: 787: 189: 10889:"Syrian rebel groups sought sarin gas material, Turkish prosecutors say" 10786: 10756:"Qatar funnelled millions of dollars to Nusra Front terrorists in Syria" 7362:"Authorities Clash with Terrorists in Aleppo, Kill Prominent Member of…" 6482:"Turkistan Islamic Party had significant role in recent Idlib offensive" 6090:"Syria and Islamist groups guilty of war crimes, YPG cleared: UN report" 5771:"A jihadist blueprint for hearts and minds is gaining traction in Syria" 3623:

On 10 September 2013, al-Nusra fighters attacked the Alawite village of

2278:

A number of meetings were held between October 2011 and January 2012 in

15679: 15669: 14733: 11517:"Britain bans Syria's al-Qaida-linked Nusra Front on terrorism grounds" 9276: 8767: 8563:"UN official defends Indian general in Syrian peacekeeping controversy" 8436:"UN official defends Indian general in Syrian peacekeeping controversy" 8333:"Al Qaeda's rise in southern Syrian pushes moderate rebels to sideline" 7201: 5619: 4388: 4018: 3999: 3980: 3554: 3522: 2921: 2742: 2551:

claimed a total of 50 soldiers were killed in the Sahl al-Ghab attack.

1361: 1192: 1033: 11837:"إحالة 19 إرهابيا من داعش وجبهة النصرة إلى المحكمة العسكرية اللبنانية" 10496:"Report: Israel treating al-Qaida fighters wounded in Syria civil war" 10456:"Resilient insurgent group Ahrar al-Sham to play bigger role in Syria" 9626: 9014:"2 Damascus-based jihadist groups swear allegiance to Al Nusrah Front" 7098:"For newly recognized Syrian rebel coalition, a first dispute with US" 6208:

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed; Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (19 November 2015).

5398:"How al-Qa'ida Lost Control of its Syrian Affiliate: The Inside Story" 4413: 3514:

reported that several rebel groups, including al-Nusra, have enlisted

15025: 11862: 11589:"Saudi Arabia lists terrorist groups - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 10410:"U.S. has secretly provided arms training to Syria rebels since 2012" 10085: 9909: 5456:"Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency" 5307:"A Look at the Army of Conquest, a Prominent Rebel Alliance in Syria" 4798:"Abu Bakr Shishani Now Fighting Alongside Ajnad al-Kavkaz in Latakia" 3575:, not sarin. In September, six of those arrested in May (one Syrian, 3472: 3364: 3348: 3301: 3080: 3025: 2783: 2537: 2161: 1277: 1212: 1197: 772: 727: 299: 260:(Primarily in Northwest Syria, around the Idlib and Aleppo Provinces) 11739:"List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan" 11702:"ヌスラ戦線（現「タハリール・アル・シャーム機構」〈HTS〉） | 国際テロリズム要覧（Web版） | 公安調査庁" 11627:"UAE to try nine for recruiting militants to fight in Syria: agency" 10385:"CIA begins weapons delivery to Syrian rebels - The Washington Post" 9246:"Head of al Qaeda's Syrian branch threatens Russia in audio message" 9048:

Islam Army Sheikh Zahran Alloush -- Jabhat al-Nusra are our Brothers

8410:

Syrian National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces

6864:(6 July 2012). "Iraq: Al-Qaeda migrates to Syria". Associated Press. 6614:"Egyptian al Qaeda leader killed by US drone strike in Idlib, Syria" 5683:"Inside Jabhat al Nusra - the most extreme wing of Syria's struggle" 4982: 2927: 2293:

reported that many of Nusra's members were Syrians who were part of

16010: 15950: 15827: 15659: 15575: 15550: 15482: 14743: 14691: 11914: 11888:

Combating al-Qaeda in Syria: A Strategy for the Next Administration

11679: 11218:"Islamists kill 15 Alawite and Druze civilians in Syria -activists" 10968:"No Chemical Arms Seized from Syrian Militants, Turkish Envoy Says" 9572:"Hezbollah kills Jabhat Fateh al Sham militants on Lebanese border" 9148: 9028: 8637:"Islamic State, rival Al Nusra Front each strengthen grip on Syria" 8440: 8406:"Rebels Call on Al Nusra Front to Rethink Establishing its "Emirat" 7231: 3832: 3541: 3381: 2985:

But in May 2015 Abu Maria al-Qahtani, the commander of al-Nusra in

2972: 2909: 2864: 2674: 2637: 2605: 2584: 2488: 2395: 2256: 2226: 2169: 2053: 2037: 1762: 1637: 1321: 1263: 1171: 1147:

doctrines. Sami al-Oraydi, alongside other Al-Qaeda loyalists like

1105: 1089: 1074: 1062: 338: 289: 9329:"Analysis: Al Nusrah Front rebrands itself as Jabhat Fath Al Sham" 9163:"Syria's Russian Jihadists Vow To Slaughter Putin's Invading Army" 8303:"Al Qaeda leaves east Syria strongholds to Islamic State -monitor" 7912: 7877:"Free Syrian Army rebels defect to Islamist group Jabhat al-Nusra" 6639:"Analysis: Al Nusrah Front rebrands itself as Jabhat Fath Al Sham" 6520:"Insight - Syria's Nusra Front may leave Qaeda to form new entity" 5487:"Jihadists form 'Guardians of the Religion' organization in Syria" 3587:

for other terrorism crimes, but not apprehended; he died in 2021.

3507:

Mohammed al-Saeed disappeared; the group later declared him dead.

2801: 1945:. On 18 December 2013, he gave his first television interview, to 1871:

Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra's branch in Lebanon used from 2013 to 2014

16217:

Organizations designated as terrorist by the United Arab Emirates

15714: 10855:"Wolf or Khorasan: Who Was Jabhat al-Nusra's Abu Yusuf al-Turki?" 10802:"Syria rebel groups recruit child soldiers, says rights watchdog" 10566: 10181: 10136: 10068: 10037: 10006: 9975: 9944: 9895: 9864: 9814: 9764: 9504:

Russia announces daily ceasefires in Syria's Aleppo to let in aid

9103: 8892: 8861: 8830: 8799: 8195: 7714: 7535: 6881:"With wary eye, Syrian rebels welcome Islamists into their ranks" 6439:"funding case hope to prove St. Louis man was 'lawful combatant'" 6028:"Al Qaeda chief calls for jihadist unity to 'liberate Jerusalem'" 5992:. London. Agence France-Presse. 21 September 2015. Archived from 4957:"Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada | Mapping Militant Organizations" 4073: 3961: 3500: 3494:

An al-Nusra Front battalion training during the Syrian Civil War.

3266: 3246:

As of late 2016, al-Nusra mainly controlled territory throughout

3092: 2979: 2951: 2868: 2645: 2421: 2063:

Al-Nusra contained a hierarchy of religious bodies, with a small

2057: 2049: 1733: 1684: 1619: 1309: 1268: 560: 294: 271: 15425: 10697:"How Qatar Is Funding al-Qaeda-and Why That Could Help the U.S." 8665:"U.S.-backed Syria rebels routed by fighters linked to al-Qaeda" 7603:"Militant group says was behind Aleppo air defense base assault" 6970:"Al Nusrah Front conducts joint operation with Free Syrian Army" 2863:, numbering 400 fighters, joined al-Nusra. Five days later, two 1949:, a journalist originally from Syria, for Al Jazeera, and spoke 12215:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

11979: 10382: 10241: 10100:"U.S. Airstrike Kills More Than 100 al-Qaida Fighters in Syria" 8723:"For Syria's Druze, survival hinges on choosing the right ally" 8354:"Will the 'Emirate of the Levant' be announced on Eid al-Fitr?" 6047:"Zawahiri calls for jihadist unity, encourages attacks in West" 4261:"Air strike kills top commander of former Nusra group in Syria" 4054: 3533: 3418: 3368: 3056: 3051:

In July Jabhat Fatah al-Sham kidnapped the American journalist

2853: 2825:

During successful Syrian opposition offensives in the northern

2424:

militia. We are a people who will either gain victory or die."

2383: 2045: 1776:

establishing an Islamic territory under their administration".

1623: 1202: 590: 391: 219: 11654:"Turkey Designates Al-Nusra Front as a Terrorist Organization" 8468:"Qaeda-rebels: UN Peacekeepers to be judged according to God." 8277:"Hundreds killed as ISIL insurgents gain ground in east Syria" 8122:"Insight: Syria's Nusra Front eclipsed by Iraq-based al Qaeda" 5549:

The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World

3521:

In November 2014, al-Nusra claimed to have captured U.S.-made

3154:

Military situation in the Syrian Civil War as of January 2024.

2778:

worth millions of dollars for the killing of Syrian President

2524:

In October 2012, they joined other rebels in an attack on the

2398:'religious prison' Nusra might be wanting to turn Syria into. 1847:

Flag of the al-Nusra Front, most commonly used until July 2016

1698:(such as his 1998 announcement that "So we seek to incite the 15359:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

11974: 7041:"Syrian rebels defy US and pledge allegiance to jihadi group" 4894:"من هي جبهة النصرة الجهادية التي تقاتل مع الجيش السوري الحر؟" 4430: 4181:'Front of the Supporters of the People of the Levant' 3942: 3568: 3478: 3410:

confirmed in September 2015 that a small group of US-trained

3360: 3338: 3161: 3088: 2963: 2955: 2815: 2768: 2660: 2648:

reported that al-Baghdadi had travelled from Iraq to Syria's

2565:

Though it was initially reported that Syrian Catholic priest

2416: 2365: 2264: 2148: 1780: 1699: 1680: 1665:

Coordinate more closely with all Islamic groups on the ground

1187: 1037: 545: 407: 286: 256: 230: 16057:

Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World

11033:

Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East

10914:"Report: Police foil al-Nusra bomb attack planned for Adana" 10737:"Qatar's Support of Islamists Alienates Allies Near and Far" 9090: 9088: 7072:"Syrian protesters slam U.S. blacklisting of jihadist group" 6583:"SYRIA'S REBELS ON WINNING STREAK—IN ALLIANCE WITH AL QAEDA" 5057:"Rebels fight ISIS-linked group near Israeli-occupied Golan" 1694:

was issued by al-Nusra in 2015, which included old audio by

954: 15545: 15535: 11910:

First ever broadcast interview with Abu Mohammed al-Joulani

11680:"Russia seeks UN ban on oil trade with terrorists in Syria" 9442:"Nusra Front split from al-Qaeda 'imminent', sources claim" 6910:"Syria Conflict: Rebels, Army Battle Over Taftanaz Airbase" 5966:"US counterterrorism efforts in Syria: A winning strategy?" 5197:"Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion" 4742:"Qatar 'maybe' supported al-Qaeda in Syria, says former PM" 4416:"Report: Airstrikes target another Islamist group in Syria" 4092: 2730: 2693:

chief Abu Mohammad al-Ansari together with his family, the

2625:" (ISIL), under his command. Al-Baghdadi also claimed that 2544: 2283: 2156:

observers considered such a split conceivable or imminent.

1977: 1914: 1749: 1745: 1582:

From 2012 to 2013, the al-Nusra Front's full name was the "

604: 575: 16222:

Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States

11029:"Elusive figure of Syrian war dies with secrets in Turkey" 9730:"Ex-Qaeda affiliate leaders among 25 dead in Syria strike" 9272:"After shooting down Russian jet, what's next for Turkey?" 9020: 7506:"Militant group Al-Nusra claim suicide bombings in Aleppo" 7480:"Militant group Al-Nusra claim suicide bombings in Aleppo" 4414:

Nick Paton Walsh and Laura Smith-Spark (6 November 2014).

3675: 3433:

The Emir of Qatar publicly admitted, in an interview with

3363:

of helping al-Nusra. In October 2014, U.S. Vice President

3351:, who defected from Ahrar al-Sham to join this new group. 10603: 10601: 10599: 10474:"US-trained Syria fighters gave equipment to Nusra Front" 9355:"US drone strike kills prominent Turkish al-Qaeda leader" 9189:"Russian Embassy shelled in Syria as insurgents hit back" 9085: 8038:"Al-Nusra Commits to al-Qaeda, Deny Iraq Branch 'Merger'" 7979:"Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra is part of network" 7920:"The Structure and Organization of the Syrian Opposition" 7739:"Suicide bomber kills 50 Syrian security men: opposition" 7228:"Jihadist group claim responsibility for Damascus blasts" 6207: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 2886: 2725:

On 28 August 2014, militants from the group kidnapped 45

2503:

Aleppo district: an air defence base, on: 12 October 2012

2354:

On 10 December 2012, the U.S. designated Nusra a foreign

1779:

On 10 June 2015, al-Nusra fighters shot dead at least 20

27:

Jihadist organization in the Syrian Civil War (2012–2017)

15364:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

11055:"Turkey: Syrian jailed for being member of terror group" 10943:"Turkey arrests 12 in raids on 'terrorist' organization" 10773:

Chapman, Geoffrey (2017). "Islamic State and Al-Nusra".

10514:"Ex-Mossad head on Israel medical aid to al-Nusra Front" 9780:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria" 9712:"The Coalition Strikes Down Al-Qaeda's Leaders in Syria" 9461:"Al Qaeda Turns to Syria, With a Plan to Challenge ISIS" 7143:"Unknown Islamist group claims suicide attacks in Syria" 4276:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria" 3579:, and five Turks, alleged to be members of al-Nusra and 2097:, who they alleged died fighting with al-Nusra in 2014. 11819:"5 Kuwaitis acquitted of funding Daesh, Al-Nusra Front" 11437:"Turkey lists al-Nusra Front as terrorist organization" 9216: 9214: 8612:"Syria conflict: Rebels release Fijian UN peacekeepers" 6499:"Everything You Need To Know About the New Nusra Front" 5802:"Al Qaeda Tries a New Tactic to Keep Power: Sharing It" 5370:"Al-Nusra chief in Syria announces break with al Qaeda" 5290:. Agence France-Presse. 8 November 2013. Archived from 4532: 4530: 2916:

were engaged in heavy fighting in Syria's northwestern

1732:

report in July 2016, the al-Nusra Front was accused of

10717:"How Qatar is funding the rise of Islamist extremists" 10691: 10689: 10687: 10596: 10244:"How Qatar is funding the rise of Islamist extremists" 9304:"Al-Nusra leader Jolani announces split from al-Qaeda" 8535:"Irish troops evacuate Filipino peacekeepers in Syria" 7651:"Syrian rebels kill 28 soldiers as fighting continues" 7198:"Islamist group claims Syria bombs 'to avenge Sunnis'" 6904: 6902: 6775:"Nusra leader: Our mission is to defeat Syrian regime" 6693:"The ramifications of the Nusra's split from al-Qaeda" 6608: 6606: 6245: 6239: 6187:"Syrian jihadi leader courts Druze community in Idlib" 6164:"لماذا اعتذرت جبهة النصرة عن مجزرة قلب لوزة في سوريا؟" 6009:"Al Nusrah Front celebrates 9/11 attacks in new video" 5664: 5261:. Middle East Media Research Institute. Archived from 4851: 2920:

against the Syrian government forces supported by the

2704:

By July 2014, al-Nusra had largely been expelled from

2558:

warned civilians against boarding commercial flights.

1592:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام من مجاهدي الشام في ساحات الجهاد 16207:

Organizations designated as terrorist by Saudi Arabia

14427:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

11386:"Jabhat al-Nusra | Australian National Security" 10383:

Ernesto Londoño and Greg Miller (11 September 2013).

10370:"American and International Militants Drawn to Syria" 10242:

David Blair and Richard Spencer (20 September 2014).

8227:. Al Akhbar English. 26 February 2014. Archived from 7578: 7560:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 October 2012 6875: 6873: 6871: 5748:"Nusra leader: No end to conflict with ISIL in Syria" 5589:"The Syrian rebel groups pulling in foreign fighters" 5159:. Quilliam Foundation. 8 January 2013. Archived from 5005:"Jabhat al-Nusra launches war against IS in Qalamoun" 4382: 3547:

In October 2015, al-Julani called for indiscriminate

3018:

ideology and its plan to commit attacks on the West.

2267:, and reached out to Islamists released from Syria's 11248:"Syrian troops launch offensive after dozens killed" 11073: 10307:"Gulf crisis seen widening split in Syria rebellion" 9211: 7907:

Syria: One on one with the leader of Jabhat al-Nusra

7432:"Syrian TV presenter executed - Doha Freedom Centre" 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 5742: 5740: 5425:"Al Qaeda and allies announce 'new entity' in Syria" 4527: 4461: 4459: 4204: 4169: 4108: 3660:

in mid-December 2016, the al-Nusra Front arrested a

3567:

near the Syrian border and confiscated 2 kg of

3555:

Turkish arrests for alleged chemical weapon purchase

2374:

Al-Nusra Front fighters during the Syrian Civil War.

1895:

Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, July 2016–January 2017

1601: 16187:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

12066:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

11484:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 June 2013 11081:"'Sarin gazı' davasına 29 Aralık'ta devam edilecek" 10684: 10268:"How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution" 10211: 10209: 9607:

US-backed rebels defect to al-Qaeda branch in Syria

8954: 8904: 8902: 8094: 8092: 7859:"Nuns Released by Syrians After Three-Month Ordeal" 7684:"Syria conflict: rebel 'war crime' caught on video" 7260:. Agence France-Presse. 15 May 2012. Archived from 7123:'Islamist group post video claiming Syria attacks'. 7014:"Islamist groups gaining prominence in Syria fight" 6992:"Syria revolt attracts motley foreign jihadi corps" 6899: 6603: 6266:"Elusive Al-Qaeda leader in Syria stays in shadows" 6210:"Al Nusra's Rebranding and What It Means for Syria" 6139:"Brutality of Syrian Rebels Posing Dilemma in West" 5282: 5280: 3395:Al-Nusra was also materially supported by multiple 2036:The structure of the group varied across Syria. In 863:

al-Nusra Front–Syria Revolutionaries Front conflict

16172:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia 11591:. Xinhua News Agency. 8 March 2014. Archived from 10651: 10345: 9221: 9126:"Russia launches media offensive on Syria bombing" 8763:"Nusra Front issues bounties for Assad, Nasrallah" 8380:"Jabhat al-Nusra, IS compete for foreign fighters" 8064: 7254:"Jihadist group denies claiming Damascus bombings" 7039: 6868: 6712: 6710: 6430: 6248:"Additional Notes on the Druze of Jabal al-Summaq" 5681: 5616:"Jabhat al-Nusra, IS compete for foreign fighters" 5340:"Syrian Nusra Front announces split from al-Qaeda" 5079:"Al-Qaeda defeats Syrian moderate rebels in Idlib" 4914:. Institute for the Study of War. 13 January 2015. 3631:Some people were shot while others were beheaded. 3026:As Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (July 2016 – January 2017) 1835:Variant flag of the al-Nusra Front, used 2012–2012 16202:Organizations designated as terrorist by Malaysia 11720:"Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities)" 11539:"Public Safety Canada. Currently listed entities" 11196:"Syria jihadists claim they killed Homs Alawites" 10532:"IDF denies ties between Israel, Jabhat al-Nusra" 10080: 10078: 7132:NOW., 29 February 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2015. 6793: 5737: 4715:"Trump Will Regret Changing His Mind About Qatar" 4631: 4629: 4510:Ghanmi, Elyès; Punzet, Agnieszka (11 June 2013). 4456: 3636:killed at least 20 Druze villagers in Qalb Lawzeh 3206:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 2928:Speculations on a split with al-Qaeda (2015–2016) 1104:. In March 2015, the militia joined other Syrian 1057:were focused on ending the decades-long reign of 16192:Organizations designated as terrorist by Bahrain 16147:Anti-government factions of the Syrian civil war 16113: 11210: 11021: 10995:Al-Nusra Linked to Chemical Production in Turkey 10676:Goldman, Adam; DeYoung, Karen (25 August 2014). 10325:"Joe Biden Is the Only Honest Man in Washington" 10206: 9926: 9667:"Syria conflict: Rebels seize key Idlib airbase" 8899: 8089: 7786:"Syrian rebels push offensive for major airport" 7173:"Al Nusrah Front claims suicide attack in Syria" 6840:"Jihadists, weapons 'moving from Iraq to Syria'" 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6463:"Uzbek group in Syria trains children for jihad" 5277: 5252: 5250: 5105:"Jabhat al-Nusra looks for battlefield breakout" 4385:"ISIS losing ground in Syria to Jabhat al-Nusra" 4302: 4300: 4298: 3668:while he filmed the hospital operations. He was 3384:coming from other parts of the world." In 2015, 3013:In late July 2016, through various sources, the 2896: 2848:expelled al-Nusra Front from the Syrian town of 2767:In June 2015, fighters of al-Nusra massacred 20 2739:United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone 2382:(FSA). Abu Haidar, a Syrian FSA co-ordinator in 1883:Variant flag of the al-Nusra Front, used 2012–16 1632:including Hezbollah and others". In early 2014, 1061:, al-Nusra Front also sought the unification of 848:Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War 16252:Organizations designated as terrorist by Russia 16227:Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey 13624:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 13535:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 12118:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 11431: 11429: 11378: 10940: 8484:"UN soldiers seized by rebels in Golan Heights" 7581:"Syrian official: 27 killed in Aleppo bombings" 7408:. Associated Press. 4 July 2012. Archived from 6937: 6935: 6707: 6513: 6511: 6461:Roggio, Bill; Weiss, Caleb (29 December 2015). 6293:"Al-Qaeda leader in Syria speaks to Al Jazeera" 6201: 5288:"Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria" 4659:"New Syrian jihadist body formed to fight ISIS" 4358:"Syria: ISIS tightens grip, Nusra takes losses" 3071:was made by Jabhat Fatah al-Sham alongside the 2802:Relations with other Syrian rebels in 2015–2016 2720: 2401: 1674:Cease any activity linked to attacking the West 16212:Organizations designated as terrorist by Syria 16182:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan 12035:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 11126:"Militant group claims killing of 13 in Syria" 10753: 10675: 10430: 10075: 9633: 9491:The Nusra Front: Al Qaeda's Affiliate in Syria 9323: 9321: 8148:"Qaeda chief annuls Syrian-Iraqi jihad merger" 8100:"Iraqi al-Qaeda chief rejects Zawahiri orders" 7681: 7558:"ABC News:Dozens killed in Aleppo bomb blasts" 7534:. El-balad.com. 3 October 2012. Archived from 7310:"Militant group claims killing of 13 in Syria" 7145:. Al Arabiya. 29 February 2012. Archived from 6436: 5713: 5711: 5539: 4854:"Key Updates on Iraq's Sunni Insurgent Groups" 4626: 4489:"Al Nusra Front claims Lebanon suicide attack" 2491:exploded at the eastern corner of the central 2214: 2040:, the organisation operated in an underground 1933:al-Golani), which implies that he is from the 1756: 16197:Organizations designated as terrorist by Iraq 16177:Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran 15441: 11930: 10882: 10880: 9452: 8843: 7380:"Seven killed in attack on Syrian TV station" 6677: 6569: 6542: 5768: 5247: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5181: 4688:"Rebels launch full-on assault of Idlib city" 4338:. Thomson Reuters Foundation. 28 January 2017 4295: 1563: 12777:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 12174:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 12061:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 11736: 11651: 11426: 10799: 10343: 10143: 9627:"جيش إدلب الحر (@free_idleb_army) – Twitter" 9296: 8225:"Syria: al-Nusra Front declares war on ISIS" 7894:Al Nusra Front: Syria's Top Islamist Militia 7857:Barnard, Anne; Saad, Hwaida (9 March 2014). 7764:"Syria 'secures chemical weapons stockpile'" 7629:"Syria, most rebels agree to four-day truce" 7166: 7164: 6932: 6508: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 4821: 4819: 4509: 4127:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War 3261:On 1 January 2017, a US drone strike killed 1100:and ordered the dissolution of newly-formed 16247:Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war 16016:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 15317:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 12557:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 12123:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 11509: 11474: 11302: 10887:McDonnell, Patrick J. (13 September 2013). 10433:"The shadowy flow of US weapons into Syria" 9641:"Syria rebels capture key Idlib army bases" 9553:OGN – Tahreer Sham: Who won in this merger? 9357:. ARA News. 3 November 2016. Archived from 9318: 8992:"Jund al Aqsa leaders join Al Nusrah Front" 8984: 7962:AL-QAIDA LINKED GROUP DOUBLES SIZE IN SYRIA 7856: 7456:. Al Jazeera. 4 August 2012. Archived from 7170: 7135: 6967: 6460: 5708: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5081:. ARA News. 2 November 2014. Archived from 4712: 4273: 3238:(For a more detailed, interactive map, see 2689:. On 16 April 2014, ISIL killed al-Nusra's 2590: 1073:"; viewing it as a long-term threat to its 16137:Anti-American sentiment in the Middle East 15448: 15434: 15312:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 14261:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 13460:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 13221:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 11937: 11923: 11607: 11455: 11240: 10877: 10852: 10634: 9075:"Syria war: Who are Jabhat Fateh al-Sham?" 8509:"UN soldiers escape siege by Syria rebels" 8382:. Al-Monitor. 18 July 2014. Archived from 8251:"Al-Nusra chief killed by rivals in Syria" 7579:Albert Aji; Zeina Karam (3 October 2012). 7424: 7190: 6690: 6555:"Qaeda in Syria denies plan to break away" 6285: 5613: 5334: 5332: 5231:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 5178: 4438:"Syria's Qaeda leader killed in explosion" 4383:Abdallah Suleiman Ali (12 February 2014). 3339:Formation of Tahrir al-Sham (January 2017) 2978:On 9 March 2015, in a statement issued on 2661:Open fights between Nusra–ISIL (2013–2015) 2366:Relations with other Syrian rebels in 2012 2327:In November 2012, they were considered by 2142: 1913:The leader of al-Nusra, a self-proclaimed 1570: 1556: 766:Islamic State and Islamic State affiliates 15192:International demonstrations and protests 13298:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 12594:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 11404: 11388:. Nationalsecurity.gov.au. Archived from 11105: 10886: 10163: 10118: 9989:Pantucci, Raffaello (14 February 2017). 9016:. The Long War Journal. 22 February 2016. 8006: 8004: 7508:. Reuters. 4 October 2012. Archived from 7282: 7161: 7116: 6338: 6246:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (6 October 2015). 5905:"The Al Nusrah Front's 'inherited jihad'" 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5526: 5259:"Al-Qaeda Upgrades Its Presence in Syria" 4816: 4661:. Al Monitor. 28 May 2014. Archived from 2633:, and had been funding their activities. 2573:in June 2013, he was actually shot dead. 1043:Formed in 2012, in November of that year 551: 15813:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 15338:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 14422:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 11893:Al Nusrah Front | FDD's Long War Journal 11108:"U.S. Envoy Sees Grim Outcome for Syria" 10607: 10582:"Qatar's Emir: We don't fund terrorists" 9988: 9836:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 9827: 9786:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 9517:Syria war: Who are Jabhat Fateh al-Sham? 8994:. The Long War Journal. 17 February 2016 8585:"Duterte: Shoot Undof chief in the head" 7285:"U.S. Envoy Sees Grim Outcome for Syria" 7078:. Agence France-Presse. 14 December 2012 6842:. Agence France-Presse. 11 February 2012 6812: 6488:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 6469:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 6414:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 6402: 6400: 6381:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 6226: 6220: 6044: 6025: 6006: 5963: 5957: 5940: 5921: 5902: 5883: 5864: 5679: 5484: 5453: 5422: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5191: 5127: 4255: 4253: 4251: 3489: 3149: 3029: 2805: 2747: 2669:suspected role in the killing of senior 2613:On 8 April 2013, the leader of the then 2467: 2369: 1618:'s government in Syria and to create an 1096:rejected the forced merger attempted by 833:Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014) 581: 382: 15521:Operation Enduring Freedom participants 12402:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 12169:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 11898:Sanafi al Nasr | FDD's Long War Journal 11783:"The list of terrorists and extremists" 11531: 10970:. Global Security Newswire. 5 July 2013 10772: 10612:. Stopterrorfinance.org. Archived from 10557:Tsurkov, Elizabeth (25 January 2018). 10556: 10453: 9458: 8473:. 5 September 2014. 5 September 2014. 8194: 8062: 7736: 6742: 6580: 6517: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6136: 5799: 5329: 5304: 4924: 4602:"Jabhat al-Nusra, A Strategic Briefing" 3676:Designation as a terrorist organisation 3536:by veteran jihadists who belong to the 3485: 3307:On 21 January 2017, five factions from 3108:Abu Omar Saraqeb), among several other 2701:, leaving hundreds dead on both sides. 2147:In early 2015, there were reports that 1501:Jihadist extremism in the United States 536: 398: 14: 16114: 13806:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 13084:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 11737:KUDRYAVTSEVA, Tatyana (5 April 2017). 11581: 11541:. Publicsafety.gc.ca. 20 November 2014 11412:"UN blacklists Syria's al-Nusra Front" 10842:. Stanford University. 14 August 2017. 10579: 10164:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn (21 January 2017). 10119:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn (21 January 2017). 9927:Long War Journal (14 February 2017). 9560:from the original on 17 November 2021. 9405: 9026: 8874: 8812: 8781: 8001: 6994:. Agence France-Presse. 18 August 2012 6716: 6369: 6367: 6184: 6045:Joscelyn, Thomas (13 September 2015). 5964:Joscelyn, Thomas (29 September 2015). 5838: 5823: 5648:. al-akhbar. July 2014. Archived from 5395: 5154:"Jabhat al-Nusra A Strategic Briefing" 4852:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (11 May 2014). 4536: 3240:Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map 3099:, killing a number of their fighters. 2259:central command authorized the Syrian 939:Russian military intervention in Syria 566: 16050:Targeted Killing in International Law 15931:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 15429: 15307:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 15077: 14807: 14233: 14094:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 13914:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 13654:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 13619:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 13530:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 13520:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 12235: 11956: 11918: 10853:Paraszczuk, Joanna (2 October 2014). 10714: 10454:Karouny, Mariam (22 September 2015). 10050: 10019: 9957: 9877: 9846: 9796: 9777: 9746: 9709: 9582: 9471:from the original on 28 February 2017 9234:from the original on 12 January 2022. 8014:. MEMRI. 8 April 2013. Archived from 7836:"Suicide bombers kill 14 in Damascus" 6860: 6743:Karouny, Mariam (26 September 2014). 6479: 6397: 5466:from the original on 16 February 2017 5454:Joscelyn, Thomas (10 February 2017). 5447: 5384: 4682: 4680: 4607:. Quilliam Foundation. Archived from 4248: 4137:List of terrorist attacks in Damascus 3428: 3359:At least one Arab government accused 3281:On 19 January 2017, US airstrikes by 3112:commanders in the countryside of the 2764:and other neighbouring Governorates. 2569:was beheaded by Nusra at a church in 1024:. Its aim was to overthrow president 921:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon 16096: 14432:Syrian Revolution General Commission 14172:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 12951:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 12154:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 11944: 11619: 10637:"The Smart and Right Thing in Syria" 8077:from the original on 12 January 2022 7052:from the original on 12 January 2022 6691:Nashashibi, Sharif (7 August 2016). 6307: 6026:Joscelyn, Thomas (2 November 2015). 5941:JOSCELYN, THOMAS (9 February 2015). 5884:Joscelyn, Thomas (26 October 2015). 5865:Joscelyn, Thomas (25 October 2015). 5696:from the original on 12 January 2022 5423:Joscelyn, Thomas (28 January 2017). 5031:"Jabhat al-Nusra, IS clash in Daraa" 4543:. Columbia University. p. 154. 4469:. Brookings Institution. 31 May 2015 4132:List of terrorist incidents in Syria 3273:saw Turkistani's participation. The 2924:militias and the Russian air force. 2859:On 17 February 2016, nearly half of 2305:agreed to that in 2012. The British 1010:Front for the Conquest of the Levant 777:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 15389:Syrian civil war in popular culture 15282:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 13211:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 12901:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 12884:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 11496: 10680:– via www.washingtonpost.com. 10287:"Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest" 9914:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 9828:Joscelyn, Thomas (5 January 2017). 7737:Karouny, Mariam (5 November 2012). 6659: 6364: 6137:Chivers, C. J. (5 September 2013). 4194: 4159: 3354: 2752:Military situation in December 2015 2695:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 2496:Officers' club was ruined as well. 2476:after the attacks on 3 October 2012 2463:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 2314: 2136: 2128: 2076: 1983:Founder and Emir of al-Nusra Front 1591: 1402:Insurgency in the Maghreb and Sahel 1327:Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine 24: 15292:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 14483:Authenticity and Development Front 14157:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 14152:December 2011 Turkish border clash 13943:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 13400:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 13313:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 13171:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 12439:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 12210:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 12164:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 12051:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 11881: 11656:. Voice of America. Archived from 11362:. 17 December 2016. Archived from 11250:. 13 December 2013. Archived from 11224:. 12 December 2013. Archived from 10715:Blair, David (20 September 2014). 10580:Krever, Mick (25 September 2014). 10051:Weiss, Caleb (16 February 2017). 10020:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9958:Weiss, Caleb (14 February 2017). 9878:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9847:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9797:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9747:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9280:. 26 November 2015. Archived from 8875:Moussa, Jenan (1 December 2015). 8844:الجزيرة مباشر (1 December 2015). 8813:Moussa, Jenan (1 December 2015). 8782:Moussa, Jenan (1 December 2015). 7682:Matthew Weaver (2 November 2012). 6717:Wright, Robin (12 December 2016). 5680:Sherlock, Ruth (2 December 2012). 5614:al-Khatieb, Mohammed (July 2014). 5563:"New enemies across Syrian border" 5256: 5033:. 16 December 2014. Archived from 5007:. CNN. 15 May 2015. Archived from 4912:"Syria Update: January 6-12, 2015" 4677: 3250:, alongside other factions in the 3055:in northern Syria. She escaped to 2774:In October 2015, al-Nusra offered 2413:Free Ones of the Levant Battalions 1791:Analysts at the American magazine 1518:Foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq 1442:Moro insurgency in the Philippines 934:American-led intervention in Syria 929:Military intervention against ISIL 25: 16263: 15981:Enhanced interrogation techniques 15777:Georgia Sustainment and Stability 15665:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 15455: 14182:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 14123:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 14076:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 13644:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 13629:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 13370:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 13236:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 13186:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 13151:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 13104:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 12491:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 12159:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 11903: 9778:Weiss, Caleb (14 February 2017). 9493:, The Wilson Centre, 17 June 2016 9195:. 13 October 2015. Archived from 8703:from the original on 13 June 2015 7659:. 1 November 2012. Archived from 6916:. 3 November 2012. Archived from 6185:Hardan, Mohammed (16 June 2022). 6007:Joscelyn, Thomas (29 June 2015). 5922:Joscelyn, Thomas (20 July 2015). 5719:"Profile: Syria's al-Nusra Front" 5513:United States Department of State 5485:Joscelyn, Thomas (4 March 2018). 5396:Lister, Charles (February 2018). 4975:"::. صفحه مورد نظر یافت نشد ..::" 4800:. 9 February 2016. Archived from 3645:massacred 42 civilians and seven 3442:Consortium Against Terror Finance 3254:. It also held some areas in the 2623:Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham 2349:United States Department of State 2297:'s Islamist network fighting the 2100:In September 2015 Nusra absorbed 1718:, was first issued in July 2015. 158:23 January 2012 – 28 January 2017 16095: 16086: 16085: 15956:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 15905:President's Surveillance Program 15900:Military Commissions Act of 2009 15895:Military Commissions Act of 2006 15848:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 15823:Moro conflict in the Philippines 15818:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 15410: 15409: 15126:2017 Northern regional elections 14758:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 14369:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 14234: 13884:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 13781:Turkish offensive into northeast 13761:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 13649:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 13318:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 13161:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 12429:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 12310:2010s in Syria political history 12056:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 11847: 11829: 11811: 11793: 11775: 11749: 11730: 11712: 11694: 11672: 11645: 11553: 11519:. Fox News Channel. 19 July 2013 11503:List of Proscribed organisations 11348: 11322: 11296: 11266: 11188: 11162: 11144: 11118: 11099: 11047: 11006: 10982: 10960: 10934: 10906: 10846: 10832: 10816: 10793: 10766: 10747: 10729: 10708: 10669: 10628: 10573: 10550: 10524: 10506: 10488: 10466: 10447: 10431:Lisa Lundquist (27 April 2014). 10424: 10402: 10376: 10362: 10358:from the original on 6 May 2022. 10337: 10317: 10299: 10279: 10261: 10235: 10188: 10157: 10112: 10092: 10044: 10013: 9982: 9951: 9920: 9902: 9871: 9840: 9821: 9790: 9771: 9740: 9722: 9703: 9685: 9659: 9619: 9600: 9564: 9540: 9522: 9509: 9496: 9483: 9434: 9399: 9373: 9347: 9264: 9238: 9181: 9155: 9136: 9118: 9067: 9039: 9006: 8928: 8868: 8837: 8806: 8775: 8755: 8737: 8715: 8683: 8657: 8629: 8604: 8577: 8555: 8527: 8501: 8476: 8460: 8428: 8398: 8372: 8346: 8325: 8295: 8269: 8243: 8217: 8188: 8162: 8140: 8114: 8063:Spencer, Richard (19 May 2013). 8056: 8030: 7971: 7954: 7938: 7899: 7887: 7869: 7850: 7828: 7800: 7778: 7756: 7730: 7702: 7675: 7643: 7621: 7595: 7572: 7550: 7524: 7498: 7472: 7446: 7398: 7372: 7354: 7328: 7302: 7276: 7246: 7220: 7171:Bill Roggio (26 February 2012). 7090: 7064: 7032: 7006: 6984: 6961: 6854: 6832: 6813:Abouzeid, Rania (23 June 2014). 6767: 6557:. Yahoo! News. AFP. 9 March 2015 6518:Karouny, Mariam (4 March 2015). 5903:Joscelyn, Thomas (5 June 2015). 4537:Hudson, Valerie (30 June 2015). 4274:Caleb Weiss (14 February 2017). 4171:Jabhat al-Nuṣrah li-Ahl ish-Sham 4111: 4085: 4066: 4047: 4030: 4011: 3992: 3973: 3954: 3935: 3917: 3899: 3881: 3863: 3845: 3825: 3807: 3789: 3771: 3753: 3734: 3716: 3698: 3470:According to a 2021 articles by 2932:On 29 July 2016 Al-Nusra leader 2506:Aleppo city: the Hanano barracks 2484:were claimed by Al-Nusra. Three 1888: 1876: 1864: 1852: 1840: 1828: 1539: 1489:Islamic terrorism in the Balkans 1437:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1102:Islamic State of Iraq and Levant 988: 977: 918:Idlib Governorate clashes (2017) 913:Northern Aleppo offensive (2016) 786: 771: 753: 721: 701: 690: 678: 666: 649: 638: 622: 597: 583: 568: 553: 538: 510: 495: 483: 458: 446: 434: 422: 400: 384: 358: 344: 332: 264: 249: 66: 52: 15772:Georgia Train and Equip Program 15322:Syrian Constitutional Committee 14668:International Freedom Battalion 14266:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 13664:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 13614:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 13560:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 13415:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 13390:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 13380:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 13246:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 13226:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 13166:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 13034:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 12916:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 12762:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 12693:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 12562:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 12397:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 12372:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 11106:Gladstone, Rick (30 May 2012). 10941:Burch, Jonathon (30 May 2013). 9710:Orton, Kyle (20 January 2017). 8253:. 16 April 2014. Archived from 8170:"Factbox: Syria's rebel groups" 7896:, Wilson Centre, 9 January 2017 7406:"Jihadists claim Syria attacks" 7283:Gladstone, Rick (30 May 2012). 7204:. 21 March 2012. Archived from 6736: 6631: 6492: 6473: 6454: 6437:Robert Patrick (9 April 2017). 6320:"Who's who in the Nusra Front?" 6258: 6178: 6156: 6130: 6112: 6096:. 15 March 2017. Archived from 6082: 6057: 6038: 6019: 6000: 5976: 5934: 5915: 5896: 5877: 5858: 5839:Lister, Charles (31 May 2015). 5793: 5762: 5638: 5607: 5581: 5555: 5540:Charles Lister (24 July 2016). 5501: 5478: 5416: 5362: 5305:Hubbard, Ben (1 October 2015). 5298: 5221: 5111:. 29 March 2015. Archived from 5097: 5071: 5049: 5023: 4997: 4967: 4949: 4925:Mortada, Radwan (19 May 2014). 4918: 4904: 4886: 4868: 4845: 4790: 4760: 4734: 4706: 4651: 4594: 4564: 4503: 4481: 4184: 4149: 3741:United Nations Security Council 2760:in the cities it controlled in 1654:In early 2015, al-Qaeda leader 1432:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 1427:East Turkestan Islamic Movement 949:Designated as a terrorist group 15961:Criticism of the war on terror 15915:Terrorist Surveillance Program 15720:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 15473:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 14177:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 14047:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 13746:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 13490:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 13293:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 13283:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 13241:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 13231:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 13119:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 11087:(in Turkish). 16 December 2015 10754:Andrew Norfolk (4 June 2021). 10416:. 21 June 2013. Archived from 9616:Al Masdar News, 5 October 2016 9406:Butler, Desmond (7 May 2015). 7985:. 9 April 2013. Archived from 7766:. Al Jazeera. 23 December 2012 6480:Weiss, Caleb (30 April 2015). 6295:. Al Jazeera. 19 December 2013 6170:. 15 June 2015. Archived from 5769:Hassan Hassan (4 March 2014). 5412:on 4 May 2022 – via CTC. 5376:. 28 July 2016. Archived from 5346:. 28 July 2016. Archived from 5257:R., Green (25 November 2013). 4713:Nawaf Obaid (15 August 2018). 4690:. Syria Direct. Archived from 4578:. 28 June 2013. Archived from 4407: 4376: 4350: 4328: 4267: 4222: 3634:On 10 June 2015, the al-Nusra 3083:attacked a JFS outpost in the 2580:in Syria during the conflict. 2299:2003 American invasion in Iraq 2110:2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive 1496:Islamism in the United Kingdom 1462:Arab mujahideen in Afghanistan 1303:Notable jihadist organisations 1086:foreign terrorist organization 1016:organization fighting against 888:2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive 13: 1: 15996:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 15639:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq 15121:2017 Northern local elections 15111:2015 Northern local elections 14473:National Front for Liberation 14410:Local Coordination Committees 13958:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 13796:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 13440:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 12737:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 12533:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 12347:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 12132:Specific groups and countries 11957: 10151:"Al Maqalaat Pubs on Twitter" 9459:Schmitt, Eric (15 May 2016). 9165:. vocativ.com. Archived from 8940:The Christian Science Monitor 8309:. 3 July 2014. Archived from 7102:The Christian Science Monitor 6968:Bill Roggio (4 August 2012). 6581:Dettmer, Jamie (4 May 2015). 4491:. Al Jazeera. 11 January 2015 4215: 3590: 3294:Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement 3067:and imprisoned. The mid-2016 2969:Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar 2897:Russian air raids (2015–2016) 2436:10 May 2012 Damascus bombings 2408:January 2012 al-Midan bombing 2189:United States Central Command 1908: 898:Qalamoun offensive (May 2015) 893:Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015) 878:Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya 16127:2011 establishments in Syria 15971:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri 15863:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 15384:2015 European migrant crisis 14658:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 13550:Euphrates Crossing offensive 13044:Western al-Hasakah offensive 13004:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 12872:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 12628:Quneitra Governorate clashes 12367:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 12295:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 12236: 12044:Effects and ongoing concerns 11652:Dorian Jones (4 June 2014). 10827:International Business Times 10344:Kim Sengupta (12 May 2015). 9534:International Business Times 9385:International Business Times 8749:International Business Times 7924:Center for American Progress 7813:International Business Times 7048:. London. 10 December 2012. 5800:Hubbard, Ben (9 June 2015). 4576:Australian National Security 4263:. Reuters. 9 September 2016. 3656:During the last days of the 2721:Attacks by Nusra (2014–2015) 2482:October 2012 Aleppo bombings 2429:March 2012 Damascus bombings 2402:Attacks by Nusra (2012–2013) 2031: 1903: 1422:Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 225:(November 2014 – March 2015) 73:Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham 7: 16162:Islam-related controversies 16152:Anti-ISIL factions in Syria 16039:State Sponsors of Terrorism 15910:Protect America Act of 2007 15272:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 15227:Syrian government reactions 15217:Status of the Golan Heights 15212:Sectarianism and minorities 15136:2020 parliamentary election 15116:2016 parliamentary election 15101:2012 parliamentary election 15078: 15036:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 14936:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 14783:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 14642:Northern Democratic Brigade 14498:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 14493:Revolutionary Commando Army 14374:Popular Mobilization Forces 14162:2012 Turkish border clashes 13751:Dêrik prison escape attempt 13156:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 13109:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 13079:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 13074:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 12961:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 12946:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 12722:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 12030:Sectarianism and minorities 12005:Syrian government reactions 11682:. En.alalam.ir. 2 July 2014 11303:Leith Fadel (12 May 2016). 9033:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 9027:khaled (25 February 2016). 7945:Competition among Islamists 5542:"Profiling Jabhat al-Nusra" 4205: 4170: 4104: 3549:attacks on Alawite villages 3220:Revolutionary Commando Army 3192:Syrian Salvation Government 2657:al-Qaeda's global network. 2230:Al-Jazeera on 28 May 2015. 2215:Al-Qaeda and Khorasan group 1820:Flags of the al-Nusra Front 1757:Allegations of sectarianism 1723:November 2015 Paris attacks 1609: 1602: 1484:Islamic terrorism in Europe 1342:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 1332:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad 828:Siege of Nubl and Al-Zahraa 760:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba 617:Certain Syrian rebel groups 474:Ashida'a Mujahideen Brigade 236:(March 2015 – January 2017) 233:, Idlib Governorate, Syria 10: 16268: 16167:Islamic terrorism in Syria 15976:Killing of Osama bin Laden 15853:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 15808:Operation Active Endeavour 15267:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 15141:2021 presidential election 15106:2014 presidential election 14808: 14352:medical facility targeting 14208:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 14167:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 14086:Jordanian border incidents 13731:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 13669:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 13545:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 13333:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 13303:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 13273:Operation Euphrates Shield 13201:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 13089:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 13014:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 13009:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 12956:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 12805:First Inter-rebel conflict 12767:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 12676:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 12579:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 9306:. al Jazeera. 29 July 2016 9100:Russian News Agency "TASS" 8102:. Al Jazeera. 15 June 2013 7631:. Afr.com. 25 October 2012 7434:. dc4mf.org. 5 August 2012 6227:yalibnan (19 March 2015). 4440:. ARA News. Archived from 3594: 3540:, a collection of veteran 3283:Boeing B-52 Stratofortress 3224:United States Armed Forces 2829:from March until May 2015 2509:Raqqah: the Suluq barracks 2493:Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square 2474:Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square 2233: 2218: 2073:(religious commissioner). 1506:Foreign fighters in Bosnia 1397:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado 823:Battle of Aleppo (2012–16) 679: 667: 75:(July 2016 – January 2017) 61:(January 2012 – July 2016) 16081: 15923: 15875: 15843:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia 15800: 15792:Drone strikes in Pakistan 15748: 15741: 15685:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami 15652: 15591: 15584: 15508: 15501: 15463: 15405: 15346: 15330: 15235: 15149: 15088: 15084: 15073: 14814: 14803: 14742: 14729:Group of the One and Only 14709:Military activity of ISIL 14699: 14690: 14650: 14602:People's Protection Units 14592: 14584:Smaller political parties 14564: 14555:Autonomous Administration 14553: 14511: 14455: 14395: 14386: 14320: 14312:Palestine Liberation Army 14284: 14251: 14244: 14240: 14229: 14200: 14141: 14102: 14084: 14055: 14026: 14015: 13976: 13922: 13868: 13845:Idlib Governorate clashes 13819: 13771:Hass refugee camp bombing 13707: 13659:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 13580: 13495:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 13470:Maskanah Plains offensive 13465:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 13395:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 13346: 13127: 12969: 12867:Second siege of Wadi Deif 12862:Kafr Zita chemical attack 12827:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 12785: 12698:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 12641: 12447: 12434:Idlib Governorate clashes 12419:Daraa Governorate clashes 12387:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 12318: 12248: 12244: 12231: 12202: 12131: 12110: 12074: 12043: 11967: 11963: 11952: 11414:. Al Jazeera. 31 May 2013 11000:20 September 2013 at the 10775:Perspectives on Terrorism 10372:. Anti-Defamation League. 9506:, Reuters, 10 August 2016 8150:. Al Jazeera. 9 June 2013 6719:"After the Islamic State" 5750:. Al Jazeera. 4 June 2015 3175:Syrian Interim Government 3069:rebel offensive in Aleppo 3035:Idlib Governorate clashes 2837:April–June 2015 offensive 2519:group of Chechen fighters 2392:Syrian National Coalition 2301:; Iraqi Foreign Minister 2243:Upon the outbreak of the 2238: 1452:South Thailand insurgency 1283:International propagation 1143:accusing HTS of adopting 960: 947: 903:Battle of Zabadani (2015) 806: 797:Islamic Muthanna Movement 748:Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada 644:Palestine Liberation Army 527: 373: 327: 319: 280: 244: 183: 170: 162: 152: 84: 46: 40: 39: 34: 16063:Unitary executive theory 14719:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 14663:Kurdistan Workers' Party 14607:Women's Protection Units 14579:Kurdish National Council 14028:Israel and Golan Heights 13899:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 13741:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 13500:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 13455:April Turkish airstrikes 13430:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 13263:Southern Aleppo campaign 13206:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 13099:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 13069:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 12999:Southern Syria Offensive 12633:Talbiseh bakery massacre 12584:First siege of Wadi Deif 12574:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 12471:January al-Midan bombing 12203:Agreements and dialogues 12184:Syrian Democratic Forces 10659:"The Case Against Qatar" 10105:US Department of Defense 9594:US Department of Defense 7788:. Ynet. 18 February 2013 4142: 2591:Dispute with ISIL (2013) 2515:al-Fajr Islamic Movement 2118: 1813: 661:Syrian Democratic Forces 351:Mujahideen Shura Council 214:(February–November 2014) 146:(top military commander) 129:(top military commander) 119:Abu Hajer al-Homsi 15991:Extraordinary rendition 15986:Extrajudicial prisoners 15197:International reactions 15182:Human rights violations 14673:Sinjar Resistance Units 14632:Syriac Military Council 14622:Army of Revolutionaries 14557:of North and East Syria 14417:Syrian National Council 14271:Arab Socialist Movement 14192:Operation Spring Shield 14133:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 14113:Lebanese border clashes 14007:Northern border clashes 13968:Northwest clashes (Dec) 13948:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 13850:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 13699:Northern border clashes 13420:March Damascus bombings 13385:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 13338:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 13216:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 13049:Palmyra offensive (May) 12894:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 12889:Eastern Syria offensive 12772:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 7909:GlobalPost 4 March 2013 7128:19 October 2017 at the 3298:Turkistan Islamic Party 3073:Turkistan Islamic Party 3065:military exclusion zone 2945:SITE Intelligence Group 2914:Syrian Turkmen Brigades 2795:Army of Revolutionaries 2788:Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah 2706:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 2699:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 2683:Abu Qatada al-Falastini 2679:Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi 2431:were claimed by Nusra. 2269:Sednaya military prison 2249:Islamic State of Iraq's 2143:Relations with al-Qaeda 2102:Katibat Imam al Bukhari 2087:Hasan Abu Omar Ghannoum 2042:clandestine cell system 1923:also transliterated as 1158: 1108:groups to form a joint 782:Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade 707:Army of Revolutionaries 453:Turkistan Islamic Party 194:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 59:Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra 16237:Salafi Jihadist groups 16142:Anti-Israeli sentiment 16132:Al-Qaeda allied groups 16026:Operation Eagle Assist 15946:Clash of Civilizations 15493:Symbolism of terrorism 15374:Syrian detainee report 15260:UN supervision mission 15250:Friends of Syria Group 15172:Damaged heritage sites 14574:Democratic Union Party 14526:Jordanian intervention 14447:Syrian Patriotic Group 14276:Syrian Communist Party 14187:2020 Balyun airstrikes 14042:February 2018 incident 13689:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 13604:Operation Olive Branch 13445:Shayrat missile strike 13278:Aleppo summer campaign 13268:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 13181:February Homs bombings 13039:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 13029:Second Battle of Idlib 12742:Khan al-Assal massacre 12705:Ghouta chemical attack 12087:Early insurgency phase 11462:'Liste unique de gels' 10221:FDD's Long War Journal 9612:24 August 2017 at the 9333:FDD's Long War Journal 6444:St Louis Post-Dispatch 6252:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi 4880:www.longwarjournal.org 4160:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام 3614:2013 Latakia offensive 3523:TOW anti-tank missiles 3495: 3318:Suqour al-Sham Brigade 3263:Abu Omar al-Turkistani 3243: 3145:Mountain Hawks Brigade 3137:Mountain Hawks Brigade 3049: 3038: 2934:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 2906:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 2811: 2793:In December 2015, two 2753: 2627:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 2477: 2375: 2356:terrorist organization 2261:Abu Mohammad al-Golani 2166:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 1972:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 1953:with a Syrian accent. 1919:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 1917:, goes by the name of 1255:Islamic fundamentalism 1181:Practices and concepts 1082:US Department of State 926:Battle of Arsal (2014) 883:Battle of Bosra (2015) 872:Second Battle of Idlib 843:2013 Latakia offensive 310:Islamic fundamentalism 177:al-Nusra member groups 134:Abu Omar al-Turkistani 97:Abu Abdullah al-Shami 89:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 41:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام 16232:Qutbist organisations 16021:Operation Noble Eagle 15858:2007 Lebanon conflict 15379:Syrian media coverage 15255:Kofi Annan peace plan 14678:Êzîdxan Women's Units 14627:SDF military councils 14357:military intervention 14330:Hezbollah involvement 14285:Military and militias 14128:North Lebanon clashes 13889:Missile strikes (Jan) 13776:Missile strikes (Aug) 13694:Missile strikes (Sep) 13639:Missile strikes (Apr) 13634:Douma chemical attack 13485:Daraa offensive (Jun) 13176:Al-Shaddadi offensive 13114:Tishrin Dam offensive 12994:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 12989:Air Force An-26 crash 12931:Daraa offensive (Oct) 12815:Deir ez-Zor offensive 12681:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 12481:First Battle of Idlib 12305:Human rights in Syria 12179:Kurdish Area in Syria 11995:Background and causes 11561:"Government document" 11015:, 12 September 2013, 10993:, 12 September 2013, 8910:"Why Assad is losing" 7883:. London. 8 May 2013. 6815:"The Jihad Next Door" 6124:Amnesty International 5996:on 25 September 2015. 3888:United Arab Emirates 3658:17th Aleppo offensive 3493: 3345:Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham 3153: 3044: 3037:in January–March 2017 3033: 2943:On 12 February 2015, 2833:March–April offensive 2809: 2751: 2615:Islamic State of Iraq 2471: 2373: 2164:. The group's leader 1730:Amnesty International 1392:Boko Haram insurgency 1352:Islamic State of Iraq 1155:on 27 February 2018. 968:Islamic State of Iraq 222:, Idlib Governorate, 15838:Operation Linda Nchi 15782:OEF – Horn of Africa 15695:Islamic Courts Union 15644:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 15468:September 11 attacks 15287:Geneva II conference 15245:Arab League monitors 15222:Spillover in Lebanon 15131:2018 local elections 15096:2011 local elections 14876:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 14637:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 14463:Syrian National Army 14437:Syrian Support Group 13963:Operation Claw-Sword 13938:Battle of al-Hasakah 13684:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 13525:Hama offensive (Sep) 13375:January Azaz bombing 13288:5 September bombings 13059:Tell Abyad offensive 12857:Battle of Al-Malihah 12757:Battle of Tell Abyad 12752:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 12503:May Battle of Rastan 12300:Damascus Declaration 12144:Russian intervention 12102:Syrian peace process 12092:2012–2013 escalation 12075:Phases and processes 12015:Inter-rebel conflict 12000:Syrian peace process 11763:on 30 September 2020 11392:on 21 September 2014 10665:. 30 September 2014. 10435:. Longwarjournal.org 9414:. AP. Archived from 9250:The Long War Journal 8042:Agence France-Presse 7983:Agence France-Presse 7368:on 29 November 2012. 7177:The Long War Journal 6972:. Longwarjournal.org 6644:The Long War Journal 5953:on 16 February 2015. 5195:(30 November 2012). 5059:. AFP. 28 April 2015 4582:on 21 September 2014 4540:The Hillary Doctrine 4206:Jabhat Fatḥ ash-Shām 3486:Weaponry and tactics 3377:United Arab Emirates 3256:Quneitra Governorate 3231: Controlled by 3218: Controlled by 3204: Controlled by 3190: Controlled by 3183:Turkish Armed Forces 3162:Syrian Arab Republic 3160: Controlled by 3097:Lebanon–Syria border 2844:On 24 January 2016, 2619:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 2295:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 2273:Abu Maria Al-Qahtani 2253:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 2106:al-Fu'ah and Kafriya 2095:Abdullah Ramo Pazara 2083:Sinh Vinh Ngo Nguyen 2012:Abu Maria Al-Qahtani 1806:, asserted that the 1704:11 September attacks 1477:Jihadism in the West 1372:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham 1137:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham 1118:Jabhat Fatah al-Sham 1098:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 1084:designated it as a " 868:2015 Idlib offensive 858:2014 Idlib offensive 18:Jabhat Fatah al-Sham 15177:Foreign involvement 15056:Abdurrahman Mustafa 15011:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 14976:Abdul Halim Khaddam 14488:Army of Free Tribes 14456:Opposition militias 14347:Russian involvement 14335:Iranian involvement 14292:Syrian Armed Forces 14071:Operation al-Shabah 14037:March 2017 incident 13756:Tell Rifaat clashes 13572:Beit Jinn offensive 13565:Abu Kamal offensive 13505:Idlib clashes (Jul) 13475:East Hama offensive 13196:Battle of Tel Abyad 12936:Al-Safira offensive 12926:Homs school bombing 12715:Battle of al-Qusayr 12710:Al-Qusayr offensive 12513:Battle of al-Haffah 12486:Battle of al-Qusayr 12362:May Talkalakh siege 12270:Corrective Movement 12149:Turkish involvement 12139:Russian involvement 11823:Middle East Monitor 11467:4 July 2017 at the 11441:Hürriyet Daily News 11366:on 21 December 2016 11228:on 30 December 2015 11198:. 15 September 2013 11176:. 12 September 2013 11174:The Huffington Post 11013:Hurriyet Daily News 10743:. 8 September 2014. 10722:The Daily Telegraph 10704:. 29 December 2015. 10389:The Washington Post 9716:The Syrian Intifada 9578:. 1 September 2016. 9550:(29 January 2017). 9536:. 1 September 2016. 9361:on 15 December 2017 9284:on 31 December 2015 9230:. 13 October 2015. 9228:The Daily Telegraph 8669:The Washington Post 8360:on 13 November 2014 8204:The Washington Post 8198:(3 February 2014). 7960:Ariel Ben Solomon, 7663:on 28 November 2012 7538:on 29 November 2014 7384:Mail & Guardian 6914:The Huffington Post 6885:The Times of Israel 6530:on 15 December 2015 6418:on 13 November 2013 6271:The Times of Israel 5947:the weekly Standard 5689:The Daily Telegraph 5497:on 1 February 2022. 5408:(2). Archived from 5294:on 9 November 2013. 5202:The Washington Post 4900:. 13 December 2012. 4520:European Parliament 4395:on 22 February 2014 3638:in Idlib province. 3435:Christiane Amanpour 3275:Islamic Jihad Union 3118:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 3007:The Huffington Post 2918:Latakia Governorate 2344:The Washington Post 2330:The Huffington Post 2308:The Daily Telegraph 2291:Quilliam Foundation 2182:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 1943:Nineveh Governorate 1523:Homegrown terrorism 1166:Part of a series on 1046:The Washington Post 908:2015 Hama Offensive 838:Operation al-Shabah 611:Non-state opponents 245:Active regions 105:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 16068:Unlawful combatant 16001:Iranian Revolution 15787:OEF – Trans Sahara 15762:War in Afghanistan 15619:Jalaluddin Haqqani 15614:Sirajuddin Haqqani 15540:Iraqi Armed Forces 14996:Ali Mahmoud Othman 14442:Adopt a Revolution 14405:National Coalition 14397:Interim government 13997:Damascus airstrike 13904:US airstrike (Jun) 13894:US airstrike (Feb) 13860:Deir ez-Zor ambush 13801:Qah missile strike 13679:As-Suwayda attacks 13674:Southern offensive 13515:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 13425:Al-Jinah airstrike 13191:Khanasir offensive 12911:Quneitra offensive 12671:Damascus offensive 12666:Battle of Shadadeh 12528:Battle of Damascus 12518:Al-Qubeir massacre 12496:Battle of Taftanaz 12407:Battle of Zabadani 11865:on 26 January 2021 11660:on 14 October 2015 11158:. 11 October 2013. 11156:Human Rights Watch 11112:The New York Times 11061:. 29 December 2015 10829:. 3 November 2014. 10800:Deborah E. Bloom. 10741:The New York Times 10639:. Hoover Institute 10202:. 22 January 2017. 10108:. 20 January 2017. 10088:. 22 January 2017. 9673:. 9 September 2015 9647:. 15 December 2014 9645:Al Jazeera English 9548:Bilal Abdul-Kareem 9465:The New York Times 9387:. 12 February 2015 9199:on 19 October 2015 9169:on 17 October 2015 8972:on 30 January 2016 8771:. 13 October 2015. 8751:. 13 October 2015. 8645:. 28 November 2014 8565:. 4 September 2014 8448:. 4 September 2014 8416:on 19 October 2017 8386:on 19 October 2017 8313:on 3 February 2016 8231:on 28 January 2015 7863:The New York Times 7583:. Associated Press 7512:on 3 February 2016 7412:on 8 November 2013 7342:on 31 October 2012 7289:The New York Times 7104:. 12 December 2012 7020:. 14 December 2012 6949:. 10 December 2012 6947:The New York Times 6920:on 5 November 2012 6385:on 18 October 2013 6326:. 15 December 2014 6143:The New York Times 5806:The New York Times 5626:on 19 October 2017 5435:on 28 January 2017 5380:on 14 August 2022. 5311:The New York Times 5265:on 1 February 2017 5235:on 4 February 2017 5085:on 2 November 2014 5037:on 26 January 2015 4898:مراقبون - فرانس 24 4856:. Brown Moses Blog 4316:. 25 December 2012 3653:in Southern Hama. 3618:Human Rights Watch 3527:Syrian Rebel Front 3518:into their ranks. 3512:Human Rights Watch 3496: 3429:Qatari involvement 3322:Jabhat Ahl al-Sham 3288:struck the former 3244: 3114:Aleppo Governorate 3085:Qalamoun Mountains 3039: 2812: 2754: 2650:Aleppo Governorate 2478: 2376: 2178:Abu Khayr al-Masri 1768:The New York Times 1706:and the Islamists 1692:The Heirs of Glory 1511:Bosnian mujahideen 1457:Taliban insurgency 1385:Jihadism in Africa 1149:Abu Humam al-Shami 1080:In December 2012, 478:Ansar al-Din Front 154:Dates of operation 16109: 16108: 16006:Islamic terrorism 15871: 15870: 15767:OEF – Philippines 15737: 15736: 15733: 15732: 15690:Hizbul Mujahideen 15531:Northern Alliance 15423: 15422: 15401: 15400: 15397: 15396: 15354:Exclusive mandate 15331:War crimes trials 15302:2016 Geneva talks 15069: 15068: 15061:Fadlallah al-Haji 15016:Bouthaina Shaaban 14799: 14798: 14795: 14794: 14791: 14790: 14686: 14685: 14617:Al-Sanadid Forces 14612:Anti-Terror Units 14549: 14548: 14382: 14381: 14297:Syrian Resistance 14253:Politics of Syria 14225: 14224: 14221: 14220: 14217: 14216: 13992:Al-Sukhnah attack 13953:Jarqli airstrikes 13835:COVID-19 pandemic 13791:November bombings 13609:Battle of Khasham 13555:Mayadin offensive 13540:Battle of Harasta 13410:Palmyra offensive 13094:Al-Hawl offensive 13054:Qamishli bombings 12852:Latakia Offensive 12810:Battle of Markada 12623:Battle of Darayya 12599:Battle of Darayya 12523:Battle of Tremseh 12342:Syrian Revolution 12275:Islamist uprising 12227: 12226: 12223: 12222: 12082:Syrian revolution 12025:Cities and towns 11825:. 7 January 2016. 11807:. 6 October 2016. 11805:Los Angeles Times 11595:on 11 August 2014 11254:on 6 October 2014 10893:Los Angeles Times 10859:Chechens in Syria 10616:on 9 October 2017 10414:Los Angeles Times 10333:. 7 October 2014. 10223:. 28 January 2017 9916:. 3 January 2017. 9736:. 4 January 2017. 9699:. 2 January 2017. 9596:. 3 October 2016. 9489:By Cameron Glenn 9252:. 13 October 2015 9152:. 2 October 2015. 9132:. 1 October 2015. 8671:. 1 November 2014 8642:Los Angeles Times 8018:on 6 October 2014 7718:. 5 November 2012 7609:. 20 October 2012 6887:. 25 October 2012 5989:The Straits Times 5317:on 4 October 2015 4931:al-Akhbar English 4772:www.xinhuanet.com 4748:. 30 October 2017 4572:"Jabhat al-Nusra" 4203: 4180: 4168: 4102: 4101: 3927:29 December 2014 3726:10 December 2012 3449:Peter Theo Curtis 3440:According to the 3423:Elizabeth Tsurkov 3412:New Syrian Forces 3286:strategic bombers 3248:Idlib Governorate 3233:the Islamic State 3087:near the city of 2950:On 4 March 2015, 2885:According to the 2840: 2827:Idlib Governorate 2762:Idlib Governorate 2687:Suleiman al-Alwan 2530:Taftanaz Air Base 2193:Sharif Nashashibi 2174:Ayman al-Zawahiri 2091:Bosnian-Americans 2029: 2028: 1748:. They have also 1742:summary execution 1656:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1642:Abu Musab al-Suri 1600: 1580: 1579: 1315:Pakistani Taliban 1230:Islamic terrorism 1125:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1094:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1067:Syrian opposition 1051:Syrian Revolution 1028:and establish an 1018:Syrian government 1003: 1002: 973:Succeeded by 738:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq 733:Kata'ib Hezbollah 633: 521: 506: 411:(alleged, denied) 313: 305:Salafist jihadism 276: 261: 238: 227: 216: 209:Idlib Governorate 201: 148: 131: 117: 102: 95: 16:(Redirected from 16259: 16099: 16098: 16089: 16088: 16044:Targeted killing 15833:Iraqi insurgency 15753:Enduring Freedom 15746: 15745: 15705:Jemaah Islamiyah 15700:Jaish-e-Mohammed 15589: 15588: 15506: 15505: 15450: 15443: 15436: 15427: 15426: 15413: 15412: 15187:Humanitarian aid 15167:Chemical weapons 15162:Cities and towns 15086: 15085: 15075: 15074: 15031:Fadwa Souleimane 15021:Abdulbaset Sieda 15001:Ibrahim Qashoush 14991:Ali Habib Mahmud 14901:Hamza al-Khateeb 14896:Kamal al-Labwani 14886:Haitham al-Maleh 14881:Suheil al-Hassan 14819:Ammar Abdulhamid 14805: 14804: 14778:Malhama Tactical 14763:Caucasus Emirate 14697: 14696: 14562: 14561: 14468:Free Syrian Army 14393: 14392: 14249: 14248: 14242: 14241: 14231: 14230: 14024: 14023: 13981: 13927: 13873: 13855:Ayn Issa clashes 13824: 13712: 13585: 13510:Central campaign 13405:Qaboun offensive 13351: 13328:Battle of al-Bab 13251:Manbij offensive 13132: 12974: 12837:Al-Otaiba ambush 12790: 12661:Battle of Safira 12646: 12616:Halfaya massacre 12567:Darayya massacre 12550:Siege of Base 46 12545:Battle of Anadan 12540:Battle of Aleppo 12476:Battle of Rastan 12452: 12424:Battle of Rastan 12392:Siege of Latakia 12357:Siege of Baniyas 12323: 12280:Latakia protests 12246: 12245: 12233: 12232: 11985:Syrian civil war 11965: 11964: 11954: 11953: 11946:Syrian civil war 11939: 11932: 11925: 11916: 11915: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11870: 11861:. Archived from 11851: 11845: 11844: 11833: 11827: 11826: 11815: 11809: 11808: 11797: 11791: 11790: 11779: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11759:. Archived from 11753: 11747: 11746: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11649: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11623: 11617: 11611: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11585: 11579: 11578: 11576: 11574: 11565: 11557: 11551: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11535: 11529: 11528: 11526: 11524: 11513: 11507: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11478: 11472: 11459: 11453: 11452: 11450: 11448: 11433: 11424: 11423: 11421: 11419: 11408: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11382: 11376: 11375: 11373: 11371: 11352: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11341: 11326: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11315: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11280:. Archived from 11270: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11259: 11244: 11238: 11237: 11235: 11233: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11148: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11103: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11092: 11077: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11051: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11025: 11019: 11010: 11004: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10975: 10964: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10953: 10938: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10927: 10910: 10904: 10903: 10901: 10899: 10884: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10870: 10861:. Archived from 10850: 10844: 10843: 10836: 10830: 10820: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10770: 10764: 10763: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10712: 10706: 10705: 10701:The Fiscal Times 10693: 10682: 10681: 10673: 10667: 10666: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10644: 10635:Kimberly Kagan. 10632: 10626: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10605: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10589: 10577: 10571: 10570: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10528: 10522: 10521: 10510: 10504: 10503: 10502:. 15 March 2015. 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10470: 10464: 10463: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10420:on 23 June 2013. 10406: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10395: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10366: 10360: 10359: 10349: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10283: 10277: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10239: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10213: 10204: 10203: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10179: 10177: 10161: 10155: 10154: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10134: 10132: 10116: 10110: 10109: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10082: 10073: 10072: 10066: 10064: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10035: 10033: 10017: 10011: 10010: 10004: 10002: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9942: 9940: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9906: 9900: 9899: 9893: 9891: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9862: 9860: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9834:Long War Journal 9825: 9819: 9818: 9812: 9810: 9794: 9788: 9787: 9784:Long War Journal 9775: 9769: 9768: 9762: 9760: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9623: 9617: 9604: 9598: 9597: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9568: 9562: 9561: 9544: 9538: 9537: 9526: 9520: 9513: 9507: 9500: 9494: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9456: 9450: 9449: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9425: 9423: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9325: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9300: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9225: 9218: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9185: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9159: 9153: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9102:. Archived from 9092: 9083: 9082: 9081:. 1 August 2016. 9071: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9010: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8968:. Archived from 8958: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8890: 8888: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8828: 8826: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8797: 8795: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8719: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8694: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8543:. 30 August 2014 8531: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8515:. 31 August 2014 8505: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8480: 8474: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8421: 8412:. Archived from 8402: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8356:. Archived from 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8176:. 9 January 2014 8166: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8096: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8068: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7975: 7969: 7958: 7952: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7916: 7910: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7656:The Jordan Times 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7486:. 4 October 2012 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7364:. Archived from 7358: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7338:. Archived from 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7208:on 23 March 2012 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7149:on 30 March 2012 7139: 7133: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7043: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6939: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6906: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6877: 6866: 6865: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6810: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6751:. Archived from 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6714: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6688: 6675: 6674: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6618:Business Insider 6610: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6578: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6551: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6526:. Archived from 6515: 6506: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6486:Long War Journal 6477: 6471: 6470: 6467:Long War Journal 6458: 6452: 6451: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6404: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6352:on 11 April 2017 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6316: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6197:on 16 June 2022. 6193:. Archived from 6182: 6176: 6175: 6174:on 17 June 2015. 6160: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6100:on 17 March 2017 6086: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6051:Long War Journal 6042: 6036: 6035: 6032:Long War Journal 6023: 6017: 6016: 6013:Long War Journal 6004: 5998: 5997: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5970:Long War Journal 5961: 5955: 5954: 5949:. Archived from 5938: 5932: 5931: 5928:Long War Journal 5919: 5913: 5912: 5909:Long War Journal 5900: 5894: 5893: 5890:Business Insider 5881: 5875: 5874: 5871:Long War Journal 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5812: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5777:. Archived from 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5744: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5685: 5677: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5622:. Archived from 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5546: 5537: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5493:. Archived from 5491:Long War Journal 5482: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5460:Long War Journal 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5431:. Archived from 5429:Long War Journal 5420: 5414: 5413: 5393: 5382: 5381: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5313:. Archived from 5302: 5296: 5295: 5284: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5254: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5205:. Archived from 5189: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5165: 5158: 5150: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5115:on 31 March 2015 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4981:. Archived from 4979:www.alalamtv.net 4971: 4965: 4964: 4961:web.stanford.edu 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4933:. Archived from 4922: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4882:. 30 March 2013. 4872: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4831:Long War Journal 4823: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4774:. Archived from 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4637:"Al-Nusra Front" 4633: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4614:on 28 March 2015 4613: 4606: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4516: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4391:. Archived from 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4304: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4281:Long War Journal 4271: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4226: 4209: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4153: 4121: 4116: 4115: 4091: 4089: 4088: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4017: 4015: 4014: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3817:7 November 2013 3813: 3811: 3810: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3739: 3738: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3683: 3682: 3457:The Fiscal Times 3397:foreign fighters 3390:Army of Conquest 3355:External support 3271:Tora Bora battle 3252:Army of Conquest 3230: 3217: 3203: 3189: 3168: 3159: 3110:Army of Conquest 3079:. On 31 August, 2971:and other small 2891:Free Syrian Army 2830: 2820:Free Syrian Army 2631:Syrian Civil War 2380:Free Syrian Army 2360:Al Qaeda in Iraq 2358:and an alias of 2335:Free Syrian Army 2315:Strength in 2012 2245:Syrian Civil War 2138: 2130: 2085:, also known as 2077:Foreign fighters 2066:Majlis-ash-Shura 1956: 1955: 1951:classical Arabic 1892: 1880: 1868: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1714:. Its magazine, 1605: 1595: 1593: 1572: 1565: 1558: 1546:Islam portal 1544: 1543: 1542: 1447:Sinai insurgency 1415:Jihadism in Asia 1163: 1162: 1114:Army of Conquest 1077:goals in Syria. 1055:Free Syrian Army 1022:Syrian Civil War 1008:, also known as 993: 992: 991: 982: 981: 980: 964:Preceded by 853:Al-Otaiba ambush 815:Syrian Civil War 807:Battles and wars 790: 775: 758: 757: 756: 743:Al-Abbas brigade 726: 725: 724: 705: 695: 694: 693: 683: 682: 681: 671: 670: 669: 654: 653: 642: 631: 629:Free Syrian Army 627: 626: 603: 601: 600: 593: 589: 587: 586: 578: 574: 572: 571: 563: 559: 557: 556: 548: 544: 542: 541: 519: 515: 514: 513: 504: 502:Free Syrian Army 500: 499: 498: 488: 487: 486: 470:Malhama Tactical 463: 462: 461: 451: 450: 449: 441:Caucasus Emirate 439: 438: 437: 427: 426: 425: 416:Non-state allies 410: 406: 404: 403: 394: 390: 388: 387: 369: 365:Army of Conquest 363: 362: 361: 355: 349: 348: 347: 337: 336: 335: 307: 274: 270: 268: 267: 259: 255: 253: 252: 237: 234: 226: 223: 215: 212: 200: 197: 155: 147: 144: 142: 130: 127: 125: 115: 113: 101: 98: 94: 91: 70: 56: 42: 32: 31: 21: 16267: 16266: 16262: 16261: 16260: 16258: 16257: 16256: 16112: 16111: 16110: 16105: 16077: 15966:CIA black sites 15919: 15867: 15796: 15751: 15729: 15710:Lashkar-e-Taiba 15648: 15609:Anwar al-Awlaki 15604:Hamza bin Laden 15599:Osama bin Laden 15580: 15497: 15459: 15454: 15424: 15419: 15393: 15342: 15326: 15231: 15145: 15080: 15065: 15046:Razan Zaitouneh 14951:Burhan Ghalioun 14926:Ammar al-Qurabi 14834:al-Assad family 14824:Ali al-Abdallah 14810: 14787: 14773:Junud al-Makhdi 14768:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 14738: 14682: 14646: 14588: 14566:DFNS Government 14556: 14545: 14521:US intervention 14513:Foreign support 14507: 14451: 14378: 14340:Liwa Fatemiyoun 14322:Foreign support 14316: 14307:al-Quds Brigade 14280: 14236: 14213: 14196: 14137: 14118:Battle of Sidon 14098: 14080: 14051: 14011: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13721: 13717: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13594: 13590: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13480:Battle of Raqqa 13435:Battle of Tabqa 13360: 13356: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13308:Dabiq offensive 13256:Tokhar massacre 13141: 13137: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13064:Kobanî massacre 13024:Idlib Offensive 13019:Battle of Bosra 12979: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12921:Siege of Kobanî 12877:Battle of Arsal 12842:Idlib offensive 12822:Battle of Morek 12795: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12688:Daraa offensive 12651: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12589:Battle of Harem 12461: 12457: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12412:Battle of Douma 12332: 12328: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12285:Damascus Spring 12240: 12219: 12198: 12194:U.S. task force 12189:Rojava conflict 12127: 12106: 12070: 12039: 11959: 11948: 11943: 11906: 11884: 11882:Further reading 11879: 11878: 11868: 11866: 11853: 11852: 11848: 11843:. 24 June 2019. 11835: 11834: 11830: 11817: 11816: 11812: 11799: 11798: 11794: 11781: 11780: 11776: 11766: 11764: 11755: 11754: 11750: 11735: 11731: 11724:www.mofa.gov.bh 11718: 11717: 11713: 11700: 11699: 11695: 11685: 11683: 11678: 11677: 11673: 11663: 11661: 11650: 11646: 11636: 11634: 11625: 11624: 11620: 11612: 11608: 11598: 11596: 11587: 11586: 11582: 11572: 11570: 11563: 11559: 11558: 11554: 11544: 11542: 11537: 11536: 11532: 11522: 11520: 11515: 11514: 11510: 11501: 11497: 11487: 11485: 11480: 11479: 11475: 11469:Wayback Machine 11460: 11456: 11446: 11444: 11435: 11434: 11427: 11417: 11415: 11410: 11409: 11405: 11395: 11393: 11384: 11383: 11379: 11369: 11367: 11354: 11353: 11349: 11339: 11337: 11328: 11327: 11323: 11313: 11311: 11301: 11297: 11287: 11285: 11284:on 14 June 2015 11272: 11271: 11267: 11257: 11255: 11246: 11245: 11241: 11231: 11229: 11216: 11215: 11211: 11201: 11199: 11194: 11193: 11189: 11179: 11177: 11168: 11167: 11163: 11150: 11149: 11145: 11135: 11133: 11124: 11123: 11119: 11104: 11100: 11090: 11088: 11079: 11078: 11074: 11064: 11062: 11053: 11052: 11048: 11038: 11036: 11027: 11026: 11022: 11011: 11007: 11002:Wayback Machine 10987: 10983: 10973: 10971: 10966: 10965: 10961: 10951: 10949: 10939: 10935: 10925: 10923: 10912: 10911: 10907: 10897: 10895: 10885: 10878: 10868: 10866: 10865:on 12 June 2018 10851: 10847: 10838: 10837: 10833: 10821: 10817: 10807: 10805: 10798: 10794: 10771: 10767: 10752: 10748: 10735: 10734: 10730: 10713: 10709: 10695: 10694: 10685: 10674: 10670: 10657: 10656: 10652: 10642: 10640: 10633: 10629: 10619: 10617: 10606: 10597: 10587: 10585: 10578: 10574: 10555: 10551: 10541: 10539: 10530: 10529: 10525: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10494: 10493: 10489: 10479: 10477: 10472: 10471: 10467: 10452: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10429: 10425: 10408: 10407: 10403: 10393: 10391: 10381: 10377: 10368: 10367: 10363: 10352:The Independent 10342: 10338: 10323: 10322: 10318: 10305: 10304: 10300: 10292:Al-Ahram Weekly 10285: 10284: 10280: 10273:Financial Times 10266: 10262: 10252: 10250: 10240: 10236: 10226: 10224: 10215: 10214: 10207: 10194: 10193: 10189: 10175: 10173: 10162: 10158: 10149: 10148: 10144: 10130: 10128: 10117: 10113: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10084: 10083: 10076: 10062: 10060: 10049: 10045: 10031: 10029: 10018: 10014: 10000: 9998: 9987: 9983: 9969: 9967: 9956: 9952: 9938: 9936: 9925: 9921: 9908: 9907: 9903: 9889: 9887: 9876: 9872: 9858: 9856: 9845: 9841: 9826: 9822: 9808: 9806: 9795: 9791: 9776: 9772: 9758: 9756: 9745: 9741: 9728: 9727: 9723: 9708: 9704: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9665: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9639: 9638: 9634: 9625: 9624: 9620: 9614:Wayback Machine 9605: 9601: 9588: 9587: 9583: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9546: 9545: 9541: 9528: 9527: 9523: 9514: 9510: 9501: 9497: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9472: 9457: 9453: 9448:. 25 July 2016. 9446:Middle East Eye 9440: 9439: 9435: 9421: 9419: 9412:Huffington Post 9404: 9400: 9390: 9388: 9379: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9327: 9326: 9319: 9309: 9307: 9302: 9301: 9297: 9287: 9285: 9270: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9244: 9243: 9239: 9220: 9219: 9212: 9202: 9200: 9187: 9186: 9182: 9172: 9170: 9161: 9160: 9156: 9141: 9137: 9124: 9123: 9119: 9109: 9107: 9094: 9093: 9086: 9073: 9072: 9068: 9058: 9056: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9025: 9021: 9012: 9011: 9007: 8997: 8995: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8945: 8943: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8908: 8907: 8900: 8886: 8884: 8873: 8869: 8855: 8853: 8842: 8838: 8824: 8822: 8811: 8807: 8793: 8791: 8780: 8776: 8761: 8760: 8756: 8743: 8742: 8738: 8728: 8726: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8706: 8704: 8689: 8688: 8684: 8674: 8672: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8648: 8646: 8635: 8634: 8630: 8620: 8618: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8583: 8582: 8578: 8568: 8566: 8561: 8560: 8556: 8546: 8544: 8540:The Irish Times 8533: 8532: 8528: 8518: 8516: 8507: 8506: 8502: 8492: 8490: 8482: 8481: 8477: 8465: 8461: 8451: 8449: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8419: 8417: 8404: 8403: 8399: 8389: 8387: 8378: 8377: 8373: 8363: 8361: 8352: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8260: 8258: 8257:on 24 July 2015 8249: 8248: 8244: 8234: 8232: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8208: 8206: 8193: 8189: 8179: 8177: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8153: 8151: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8098: 8097: 8090: 8080: 8078: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8044:. 10 April 2013 8036: 8035: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8010: 8009: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7968:, 28 March 2013 7959: 7955: 7943: 7939: 7929: 7927: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7905:Tracey Shelton 7904: 7900: 7892: 7888: 7875: 7874: 7870: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7819: 7817: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7762: 7761: 7757: 7747: 7745: 7735: 7731: 7721: 7719: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7693: 7691: 7680: 7676: 7666: 7664: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7612: 7610: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7577: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7539: 7532:"Sada el-Balad" 7530: 7529: 7525: 7515: 7513: 7504: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7460:on 4 March 2016 7452: 7451: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7430: 7429: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7389: 7387: 7378: 7377: 7373: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7264:on 19 July 2012 7252: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7169: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7130:Wayback Machine 7121: 7117: 7107: 7105: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7081: 7079: 7070: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6966: 6962: 6952: 6950: 6941: 6940: 6933: 6923: 6921: 6908: 6907: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6879: 6878: 6869: 6859: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6823: 6821: 6811: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6758: 6756: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6715: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6689: 6678: 6673:. 29 July 2016. 6665: 6664: 6660: 6650: 6648: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6612: 6611: 6604: 6591: 6589: 6587:The Daily Beast 6579: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6516: 6509: 6505:. 28 July 2016. 6497: 6493: 6478: 6474: 6459: 6455: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6406: 6405: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6373: 6372: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6318: 6317: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6244: 6240: 6225: 6221: 6214:Foreign Affairs 6206: 6202: 6183: 6179: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6135: 6131: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6103: 6101: 6088: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6069:Middle East Eye 6063: 6062: 6058: 6043: 6039: 6024: 6020: 6005: 6001: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5962: 5958: 5939: 5935: 5920: 5916: 5901: 5897: 5882: 5878: 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5845:Huffington Post 5837: 5824: 5810: 5808: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5781:on 6 March 2014 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5717: 5716: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5678: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5652:on 22 July 2014 5644: 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5544: 5538: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5483: 5479: 5469: 5467: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5417: 5394: 5385: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5350:on 30 July 2016 5338: 5337: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5286: 5285: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5255: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5193:Ignatius, David 5190: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5166:on 22 July 2014 5163: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5029: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4923: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4778:on 20 July 2020 4766: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4746:Middle East Eye 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4694:on 2 April 2015 4686: 4685: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4635: 4634: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4535: 4528: 4514: 4508: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4444:on 8 March 2015 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4306: 4305: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4272: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4189: 4185: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4117: 4110: 4107: 4086: 4084: 4067: 4065: 4048: 4046: 4031: 4029: 4012: 4010: 3993: 3991: 3974: 3972: 3955: 3953: 3936: 3934: 3918: 3916: 3900: 3898: 3882: 3880: 3864: 3862: 3846: 3844: 3826: 3824: 3808: 3806: 3796:United Kingdom 3790: 3788: 3772: 3770: 3754: 3752: 3733: 3717: 3715: 3708:3 January 2012 3699: 3697: 3678: 3625:Maksar al-Hesan 3603: 3601:Zara'a massacre 3593: 3557: 3488: 3431: 3404:Timber Sycamore 3386:The Independent 3357: 3341: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3226: 3215: 3213: 3201: 3199: 3187: 3185: 3166: 3164: 3157: 3155: 3141:Free Idlib Army 3122:Jisr al-Shughur 3028: 3015:Middle East Eye 2992:The Daily Beast 2930: 2899: 2804: 2780:Bashar al-Assad 2727:UN peacekeepers 2723: 2710:Islamic emirate 2663: 2593: 2578:suicide attacks 2404: 2368: 2317: 2241: 2236: 2223: 2217: 2145: 2129:المنارة البيضاء 2121: 2079: 2071:dabet al-shar'i 2034: 1947:Tayseer Allouni 1911: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1884: 1881: 1872: 1869: 1860: 1857: 1848: 1845: 1836: 1833: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1794:Foreign Affairs 1759: 1738:child abduction 1696:Osama bin Laden 1690:A video called 1620:Islamic emirate 1616:Bashar al-Assad 1612: 1576: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1479: 1478: 1469: 1468: 1417: 1416: 1407: 1406: 1387: 1386: 1377: 1376: 1305: 1304: 1295: 1294: 1288:Salafi jihadism 1259: 1258: 1245: 1244: 1225:Beheading video 1218:Martyrdom video 1183: 1182: 1161: 1129:violent clashes 1026:Bashar al-Assad 1014:Salafi jihadist 999: 998: 989: 987: 986: 978: 976: 975: 970: 966: 943: 819: 818: 754: 752: 722: 720: 691: 689: 677: 665: 648: 632:(some militias) 621: 598: 596: 584: 582: 569: 567: 554: 552: 539: 537: 532:State opponents 511: 509: 496: 494: 484: 482: 465:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 459: 457: 447: 445: 435: 433: 423: 421: 401: 399: 385: 383: 367: 359: 357: 356: 353: 345: 343: 342: 333: 331: 265: 263: 262: 250: 248: 235: 224: 213: 198: 166:28 January 2017 153: 145: 138: 132: 128: 121: 118: 116:(senior member) 109: 103: 100:(senior member) 99: 96: 92: 80: 79: 78: 77: 76: 74: 71: 63: 62: 60: 57: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16265: 16255: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16242:Tahrir al-Sham 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16122:Al-Nusra Front 16107: 16106: 16104: 16103: 16093: 16082: 16079: 16078: 16076: 16075: 16070: 16065: 16060: 16053: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16032:Situation Room 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15927: 15925: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15886: 15879: 15877: 15873: 15872: 15869: 15868: 15866: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15804: 15802: 15798: 15797: 15795: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15758: 15756: 15743: 15739: 15738: 15735: 15734: 15731: 15730: 15728: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15656: 15654: 15650: 15649: 15647: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15629:Khalil Haqqani 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15595: 15593: 15586: 15582: 15581: 15579: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15566:European Union 15563: 15558: 15556:United Kingdom 15553: 15548: 15543: 15533: 15528: 15523: 15518: 15512: 15510: 15503: 15499: 15498: 15496: 15495: 15490: 15480: 15470: 15464: 15461: 15460: 15453: 15452: 15445: 15438: 15430: 15421: 15420: 15418: 15417: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15399: 15398: 15395: 15394: 15392: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15350: 15348: 15347:Related topics 15344: 15343: 15341: 15340: 15334: 15332: 15328: 15327: 15325: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15277:39th G8 summit 15274: 15269: 15264: 15263: 15262: 15252: 15247: 15241: 15239: 15233: 15232: 15230: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15153: 15151: 15147: 15146: 15144: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15092: 15090: 15082: 15081: 15071: 15070: 15067: 15066: 15064: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14986:Bassma Kodmani 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14956:Razan Ghazzawi 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14906:Tal al-Mallohi 14903: 14898: 14893: 14891:Moaz al-Khatib 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14871:Anwar al-Bunni 14868: 14863: 14862: 14861: 14859:Hafez Makhlouf 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14831: 14829:Adnan al-Aroor 14826: 14821: 14815: 14812: 14811: 14801: 14800: 14797: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14789: 14788: 14786: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14753:Tahrir al-Sham 14749: 14747: 14740: 14739: 14737: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14705: 14703: 14694: 14688: 14687: 14684: 14683: 14681: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14654: 14652: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14598: 14596: 14590: 14589: 14587: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14570: 14568: 14559: 14551: 14550: 14547: 14546: 14544: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14517: 14515: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14459: 14457: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14413: 14412: 14401: 14399: 14390: 14384: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14365: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14344: 14343: 14342: 14332: 14326: 14324: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14288: 14286: 14282: 14281: 14279: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14257: 14255: 14246: 14238: 14237: 14227: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14219: 14218: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14211: 14204: 14202: 14198: 14197: 14195: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14148: 14146: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14109: 14107: 14100: 14099: 14097: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14082: 14081: 14079: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14066:Akashat ambush 14062: 14060: 14053: 14052: 14050: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14033: 14031: 14021: 14013: 14012: 14010: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13988: 13986: 13974: 13973: 13971: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13934: 13932: 13920: 13919: 13917: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13880: 13878: 13866: 13865: 13863: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13831: 13829: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13736:Manbij bombing 13733: 13727: 13725: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13600: 13598: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13574: 13569: 13568: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13450:Aleppo bombing 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13366: 13364: 13344: 13343: 13341: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13323:Raqqa campaign 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13259: 13258: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13147: 13145: 13125: 13124: 13122: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12985: 12983: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12906:Hama Offensive 12903: 12898: 12897: 12896: 12886: 12881: 12880: 12879: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12847:Battle of Hosn 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12801: 12799: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12732:Hatla massacre 12729: 12727:Hama offensive 12724: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12707: 12702: 12701: 12700: 12690: 12685: 12684: 12683: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12657: 12655: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12619: 12618: 12611:Hama offensive 12608: 12606:Aqrab massacre 12603: 12602: 12601: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12570: 12569: 12559: 12554: 12553: 12552: 12547: 12537: 12536: 12535: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12508:Houla massacre 12505: 12500: 12499: 12498: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12467: 12465: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12409: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12352:Siege of Daraa 12349: 12344: 12338: 12336: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12290:Qamishli riots 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12256: 12254: 12242: 12241: 12229: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12221: 12220: 12218: 12217: 12212: 12206: 12204: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12135: 12133: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12125: 12120: 12114: 12112: 12111:World reaction 12108: 12107: 12105: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12078: 12076: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12047: 12045: 12041: 12040: 12038: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11971: 11969: 11968:Main overviews 11961: 11960: 11950: 11949: 11942: 11941: 11934: 11927: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11905: 11904:External links 11902: 11901: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11883: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11846: 11828: 11810: 11792: 11774: 11748: 11729: 11711: 11693: 11671: 11644: 11618: 11606: 11580: 11552: 11530: 11508: 11495: 11473: 11454: 11425: 11403: 11377: 11347: 11334:Al-Masdar News 11321: 11309:Al Masdar News 11295: 11265: 11239: 11209: 11187: 11161: 11143: 11117: 11098: 11085:Anadolu Ajansı 11072: 11059:Anadolu Ajansı 11046: 11035:. 1 March 2021 11020: 11005: 10981: 10959: 10933: 10905: 10876: 10845: 10831: 10815: 10792: 10781:(6): 112–121. 10765: 10746: 10728: 10707: 10683: 10668: 10663:Foreign Policy 10650: 10627: 10608:CATF Reports. 10595: 10572: 10565:) – via 10549: 10538:. 24 June 2015 10523: 10520:. 31 May 2016. 10505: 10500:Jerusalem Post 10487: 10465: 10446: 10423: 10401: 10375: 10361: 10336: 10330:Foreign Policy 10316: 10298: 10295:. 28 May 2015. 10278: 10276:. 17 May 2013. 10260: 10234: 10205: 10187: 10156: 10142: 10111: 10091: 10074: 10043: 10012: 9981: 9950: 9919: 9901: 9870: 9839: 9820: 9789: 9770: 9739: 9721: 9702: 9684: 9658: 9632: 9618: 9599: 9581: 9563: 9539: 9521: 9508: 9495: 9482: 9451: 9433: 9398: 9372: 9346: 9335:. 28 July 2016 9317: 9295: 9263: 9237: 9210: 9180: 9154: 9135: 9117: 9106:on 29 May 2016 9084: 9066: 9055:. 6 April 2015 9038: 9019: 9005: 8983: 8953: 8927: 8914:Foreign Policy 8898: 8867: 8836: 8805: 8774: 8754: 8736: 8714: 8682: 8656: 8628: 8603: 8576: 8554: 8526: 8500: 8475: 8459: 8427: 8397: 8371: 8345: 8324: 8294: 8283:. 10 June 2014 8268: 8242: 8216: 8187: 8161: 8139: 8113: 8088: 8055: 8029: 8000: 7989:on 13 May 2013 7970: 7966:Jerusalem Post 7953: 7951:, 20 July 2013 7937: 7911: 7898: 7886: 7868: 7849: 7838:. 11 June 2013 7827: 7799: 7777: 7755: 7729: 7701: 7674: 7642: 7620: 7594: 7571: 7549: 7523: 7497: 7471: 7445: 7423: 7397: 7386:. 27 June 2012 7371: 7353: 7327: 7301: 7275: 7245: 7219: 7189: 7160: 7134: 7115: 7089: 7063: 7031: 7005: 6983: 6960: 6931: 6898: 6867: 6853: 6831: 6792: 6766: 6755:on 4 July 2016 6735: 6723:The New Yorker 6706: 6676: 6658: 6647:. 28 July 2016 6630: 6602: 6568: 6541: 6507: 6491: 6472: 6453: 6429: 6396: 6363: 6337: 6306: 6284: 6257: 6238: 6219: 6200: 6177: 6155: 6129: 6126:. 5 July 2016. 6111: 6081: 6056: 6037: 6018: 5999: 5975: 5956: 5933: 5914: 5895: 5876: 5857: 5822: 5792: 5761: 5736: 5707: 5663: 5637: 5606: 5580: 5554: 5525: 5500: 5477: 5446: 5415: 5383: 5361: 5328: 5297: 5276: 5246: 5220: 5209:on 9 June 2018 5177: 5126: 5096: 5070: 5048: 5022: 5011:on 14 May 2015 4996: 4985:on 18 May 2020 4966: 4948: 4937:on 7 July 2014 4917: 4903: 4885: 4867: 4844: 4833:. 4 April 2014 4815: 4804:on 5 June 2019 4789: 4759: 4733: 4720:Foreign Policy 4705: 4676: 4665:on 6 June 2014 4650: 4625: 4593: 4563: 4549: 4526: 4502: 4480: 4455: 4429: 4406: 4375: 4349: 4327: 4294: 4266: 4247: 4236:. 26 July 2012 4220: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4195:جبهة فتح الشام 4183: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3723:United States 3712: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3677: 3674: 3666:field hospital 3662:media activist 3643:Ahrar ash-Sham 3597:Hatla massacre 3592: 3589: 3581:Ahrar ash-Sham 3577:Heysem Topalca 3556: 3553: 3538:Khorasan Group 3516:child soldiers 3510:In June 2014, 3487: 3484: 3430: 3427: 3356: 3353: 3340: 3337: 3330:Fastaqim Union 3326:Jaysh al-Islam 3227: 3214: 3200: 3186: 3165: 3156: 3135:, a number of 3133:Al-Masdar News 3127:On 9 October, 3061:Hatay Province 3027: 3024: 2929: 2926: 2898: 2895: 2879:Zahran Alloush 2875:Jaysh al-Islam 2846:Ahrar ash-Sham 2803: 2800: 2722: 2719: 2671:Ahrar ash-Sham 2662: 2659: 2592: 2589: 2567:François Murad 2511: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2459:news presenter 2403: 2400: 2367: 2364: 2339:David Ignatius 2316: 2313: 2303:Hoshyar Zebari 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2221:Khorasan group 2219:Main article: 2216: 2213: 2144: 2141: 2120: 2117: 2078: 2075: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2015: 2007: 2006: 2002:Tahrir al-Sham 1997: 1994: 1991:Sami al-Oraydi 1986: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1797:asserted that 1758: 1755: 1712:Abdullah Azzam 1700:Islamic Nation 1676: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1634:Sami al-Oraydi 1611: 1608: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1528:Jihadi tourism 1525: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1367:Al-Nusra Front 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1271: 1266: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1235:Suicide attack 1232: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1195: 1190: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1157: 1141:Sami al-Oraydi 1110:command center 1020:forces in the 1006:Al-Nusra Front 1001: 1000: 984:Tahrir al-Sham 971: 962: 961: 958: 957: 952: 945: 944: 942: 941: 936: 931: 923: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 812: 811: 810: 808: 804: 803: 802: 801: 800: 799: 794: 792:Jaysh al-Jihad 784: 763: 762: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 715:Shi'ite groups 712: 711: 710: 709: 699: 687: 675: 658: 646: 636: 635: 634: 608: 607: 594: 579: 564: 549: 529: 525: 524: 523: 522: 507: 505:(occasionally) 492: 490:Ansar al-Islam 480: 475: 472: 467: 455: 443: 431: 413: 412: 396: 375: 371: 370: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 315: 314: 302: 297: 284: 278: 277: 246: 242: 241: 240: 239: 228: 217: 202: 185: 181: 180: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 150: 149: 86: 82: 81: 72: 65: 64: 58: 51: 50: 49: 48: 47: 44: 43: 37: 36: 35:Al-Nusra Front 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16264: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16102: 16094: 16092: 16084: 16083: 16080: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16058: 16054: 16052: 16051: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16033: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15941:Bush Doctrine 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15928: 15926: 15922: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15890: 15889:Torture Memos 15887: 15884: 15881: 15880: 15878: 15874: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15805: 15803: 15799: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15759: 15757: 15755: 15754: 15747: 15744: 15740: 15726: 15725:Islamic State 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15651: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15596: 15594: 15590: 15587: 15583: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15561:United States 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15541: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15513: 15511: 15507: 15504: 15500: 15494: 15491: 15488: 15485:(2003–2011) ( 15484: 15481: 15478: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15465: 15462: 15458: 15457:War on terror 15451: 15446: 15444: 15439: 15437: 15432: 15431: 15428: 15416: 15408: 15407: 15404: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15351: 15349: 15345: 15339: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15329: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15261: 15258: 15257: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15237:Peace process 15234: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15148: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15093: 15091: 15087: 15083: 15076: 15072: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15041:Yaser Tabbara 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15006:Dawoud Rajiha 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14961:Ghassan Hitto 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14931:Suheir Atassi 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14911:Fida al-Sayed 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14866:Riad al-Asaad 14864: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14854:Rami Makhlouf 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14836: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14813: 14806: 14802: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14741: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14702: 14701:Islamic State 14698: 14695: 14693: 14689: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14655: 14653: 14649: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14599: 14597: 14595: 14591: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14571: 14569: 14567: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14552: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14514: 14510: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14478:Army of Glory 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14460: 14458: 14454: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14411: 14408: 14407: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14398: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14385: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14349: 14348: 14345: 14341: 14338: 14337: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14323: 14319: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14283: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14258: 14256: 14254: 14250: 14247: 14243: 14239: 14232: 14228: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14199: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14140: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14101: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14087: 14083: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14054: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14019: 14014: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13989: 13987: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13909:Daraa clashes 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13840:Afrin bombing 13838: 13836: 13833: 13832: 13830: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13812: 13811:US airstrikes 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13766:June bombings 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13728: 13726: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13601: 13599: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13573: 13570: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13547: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 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13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12895: 12892: 12891: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12878: 12875: 12874: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12832:Maan massacre 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12800: 12798: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12747:Adra massacre 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12654: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12600: 12597: 12596: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12568: 12565: 12564: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12542: 12541: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12530: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12404: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12382:Siege of Homs 12380: 12378: 12377:Siege of Hama 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 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11832: 11824: 11820: 11814: 11806: 11802: 11796: 11788: 11784: 11778: 11762: 11758: 11752: 11744: 11740: 11733: 11725: 11721: 11715: 11707: 11706:www.moj.go.jp 11703: 11697: 11681: 11675: 11659: 11655: 11648: 11633:. 19 May 2014 11632: 11628: 11622: 11615: 11610: 11594: 11590: 11584: 11569: 11562: 11556: 11540: 11534: 11518: 11512: 11504: 11499: 11483: 11477: 11470: 11466: 11463: 11458: 11443:. 3 June 2014 11442: 11438: 11432: 11430: 11413: 11407: 11391: 11387: 11381: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11351: 11336:. 24 May 2016 11335: 11331: 11325: 11310: 11306: 11299: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11269: 11253: 11249: 11243: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11213: 11197: 11191: 11175: 11171: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11147: 11132:. 5 June 2012 11131: 11127: 11121: 11113: 11109: 11102: 11086: 11082: 11076: 11060: 11056: 11050: 11034: 11030: 11024: 11018: 11014: 11009: 11003: 10999: 10996: 10992: 10991: 10985: 10969: 10963: 10948: 10944: 10937: 10922:. 30 May 2013 10921: 10920: 10919:Today's Zaman 10915: 10909: 10894: 10890: 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8832: 8820: 8816: 8809: 8801: 8789: 8785: 8778: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8724: 8718: 8702: 8698: 8693: 8686: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8644: 8643: 8638: 8632: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8564: 8558: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8530: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8489: 8485: 8479: 8472: 8469: 8463: 8447: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8431: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8359: 8355: 8349: 8334: 8328: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8191: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8149: 8143: 8128:. 17 May 2013 8127: 8123: 8117: 8101: 8095: 8093: 8076: 8072: 8071:The Telegraph 8067: 8059: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8017: 8013: 8007: 8005: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7974: 7967: 7963: 7957: 7950: 7949:The Economist 7946: 7941: 7926:. 14 May 2013 7925: 7921: 7915: 7908: 7902: 7895: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7872: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7837: 7831: 7816:. 2 July 2013 7815: 7814: 7809: 7803: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7759: 7744: 7740: 7733: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7705: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7646: 7630: 7624: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7582: 7575: 7559: 7553: 7537: 7533: 7527: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7433: 7427: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7385: 7381: 7375: 7367: 7363: 7357: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7316:. 5 June 2012 7315: 7311: 7305: 7290: 7286: 7279: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7234:. 12 May 2012 7233: 7229: 7223: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7165: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7119: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7051: 7047: 7046:The Telegraph 7042: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6993: 6987: 6971: 6964: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6886: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6863: 6857: 6841: 6835: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6781:. 28 May 2015 6780: 6776: 6770: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6724: 6720: 6713: 6711: 6694: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6607: 6599: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6512: 6504: 6500: 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August 2014 5568: 5564: 5558: 5550: 5543: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5251: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5208: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5162: 5155: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5058: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4913: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4855: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4610: 4603: 4597: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4552: 4550:9780231539104 4546: 4542: 4541: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4521: 4513: 4506: 4490: 4484: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4417: 4410: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4331: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4270: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4207: 4201: 4192: 4187: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4109: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4083: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4045: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4028: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3990: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3855:7 March 2014 3854: 3852:Saudi Arabia 3843: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3823: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3799:19 July 2013 3798: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3781:28 June 2013 3780: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3502: 3492: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3454:According to 3452: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314:Ahrar al-Sham 3310: 3309:Ahrar al-Sham 3305: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3234: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3193: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3152: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3105:nom de guerre 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077:Ahrar al-Sham 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3053:Lindsey Snell 3048: 3043: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3003: 3001: 3000:Ahrar al-Sham 2996: 2994: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2799: 2796: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2758:Islamic state 2750: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735:Golan Heights 2732: 2728: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2644:In May 2013, 2642: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2601:The Economist 2598: 2588: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2472:The scene at 2470: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2325: 2323: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2209:Islamic State 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2140: 2134: 2126: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935:Golan Heights 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1874: 1867: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1838: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1773:C. J. Chivers 1770: 1769: 1764: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1607: 1604: 1598: 1589: 1585: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1537: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1473: 1472: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1357:Islamic State 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1347:Ahrar al-Sham 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1240:Jihadist flag 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1156: 1154: 1153:Hurras al-Din 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133:Ahrar al-Sham 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1092:, after Emir 1091: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030:Islamic state 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 996: 995:Hurras al-Din 985: 974: 969: 965: 959: 956: 953: 950: 946: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 924: 922: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 873: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 820: 817: 816: 809: 805: 798: 795: 793: 789: 785: 783: 780: 779: 778: 774: 770: 769: 768: 767: 761: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 719: 718: 717: 716: 708: 704: 700: 698: 688: 686: 676: 674: 664: 663: 662: 659: 657: 652: 647: 645: 641: 637: 630: 625: 620: 619: 618: 615: 614: 613: 612: 606: 595: 592: 580: 577: 565: 562: 550: 547: 535: 534: 533: 530: 526: 518: 517:Ahrar al-Sham 508: 503: 493: 491: 481: 479: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 456: 454: 444: 442: 432: 430: 420: 419: 418: 417: 409: 397: 393: 381: 380: 379: 376: 372: 366: 352: 340: 330: 326: 323:10,000 (2017) 322: 318: 311: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 288: 285: 283: 279: 273: 258: 247: 243: 232: 229: 221: 218: 210: 206: 203: 195: 191: 188: 187: 186: 182: 179: 178: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 151: 143: 141: 135: 126: 124: 114: 112: 106: 90: 87: 83: 69: 55: 45: 38: 33: 30: 19: 16157:Anti-Shi'ism 16055: 16048: 16031: 15936:Axis of evil 15752: 15624:Anas Haqqani 15502:Participants 15297:Vienna talks 14971:Randa Kassis 14946:Farid Ghadry 14921:Khaled Khoja 14916:Riad al-Turk 14724:Liwa al-Aqsa 14594:SDF militias 14536:Saudi Arabia 14362:Wagner Group 14235:Belligerents 14017: 13978: 13924: 13870: 13821: 13786:Barisha raid 13709: 13582: 13348: 13129: 12971: 12787: 12643: 12449: 12320: 12250: 11867:. 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