Knowledge

Jack Copeland

Source 📝

951: 894: 305: 453: 40: 320:
in 2012. The idea was implemented and ETH Zurich was able to open the Turing Center Zurich in 2015. It is operational organizes regular conferences on questions related to computer, artificial intelligence and other.
1169:
Jenkin, John (2006). "Review of Copeland, Jack, ed., The Rutherford Journal: the New Zealand Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (2005)".
281: 538: 423: 1762: 513: 1521:
Ferry, Georgina (29 July 2006). "The Colossus of codes: Georgina Ferry on four new books that tackle the story of Bletchley Park's other decryption machine".
1455: 1222: 1747: 1722: 509: 1662: 1602: 626:. The journal is published as needed and was established in December 2005 by Copeland. The full text of articles is freely available online in 1480:
Coutinho, S. C. (March 2006). "The essential Turing, Copeland Jack (ed). Pp. 613. £50 (hbk). £14.99 (pbk). 2004. (Oxford University Press)".
1742: 1600:
Hughes, Colin (Summer 2016). "Review Essay: B. Jack Copeland, Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age (Oxford University Press, 2012)".
245:
Jack Copeland is the Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing, an extensive online archive on the computing pioneer
1123: 1757: 448: 489: 1682: 1171: 1030:. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 324. Springer International Publishing. pp. 189–218. 477: 1065: 1045: 843: 835: 820: 798: 773: 285: 1429: 1190: 481: 249:. He has also written and edited books on Turing. He is one of the people responsible for identifying the concept of 1752: 1732: 760: 744: 726: 718: 705: 685: 530: 436: 341: 1737: 1081: 1727: 1559: 889: 1200: 851: 411: 1259: 1394: 906: 161: 129: 1000: 964: 1491: 1398: 1310: 1098: 734: 1311:"Rutherford Journal: the New Zealand journal for the history and philosophy of science and technology" 427: 1482: 1102: 635: 623: 526: 432: 415: 395: 277: 190: 116: 1621:
Añel, Juan A. (9 September 2013). "Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age, by B. Jack Copeland".
697: 671: 273: 20: 866:
Copeland was awarded Lecturer of the Year 2010 by the University of Canterbury's student union.
554: 1717: 297: 291:
Copeland is also President of the US Society for Machines and Mentality and a member of the UK
218: 112: 1456:"Was George Julius the inspiration for CSIRAC, Australia's first electronic digital computer?" 1583:
Moriarty, Tom (18 January 2015). "Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age, by Jack Copeland".
619: 501: 350: 1335: 986: 1712: 1623: 1131: 766:
Alan Turing’s Electronic Brain: The Struggle to Build the ACE, the World’s Fastest Computer
677: 269: 265: 222: 214: 76: 8: 389: 230: 1689: 950: 1658: 1640: 1550: 1503: 1410: 893: 646: 615: 346: 1237: 1026:
Copeland, Brian Jack; Long, Jason (2017). "Turing and the History of Computer Music".
930: 1644: 1507: 1369: 1216: 1041: 974: 839: 831: 816: 794: 769: 756: 750: 740: 722: 714: 701: 681: 631: 564: 547: 1542: 1414: 312:
Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot suggested the establishment of a Turing Center in
1632: 1563: 1495: 1402: 1365: 1031: 826: 611: 250: 141: 1636: 1585: 1085: 596: 444: 365: 258: 1036: 649:
in the Journal for the Association of History and Computing and included in the
1385: 1285: 847: 651:
Isis Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
292: 257:. With Jason Long he restored some of the first computer music recorded on the 254: 57: 1499: 1383:"Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences". 1152: 645:
The journal is indexed in various index lists. It was listed in an article on
1706: 1667: 978: 784: 885: 780: 304: 1523: 806: 692: 639: 194: 571: 497: 1195: 654: 607: 604: 399: 246: 226: 202: 198: 102: 16:
New Zealand (British born) philosopher, logician and historian of science
317: 234: 146: 94: 1568: 802: 790: 280:, United Kingdom (1997–2005). In 2000, he was a Senior Fellow in the 1078: 518: 313: 1406: 585: 1360:
Westney, Lynn C. (December 2007). "E-Journals – Inside and Out".
737:: The Master Codebreaker's Struggle to Build the Modern Computer 39: 1314: 941: 658: 123: 1004: 982: 630:
format. The journal is named after the New Zealand physicist
462: 98: 1062:"Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology" 295:
Trust Heritage Advisory Panel. He is the founding editor of
1663:"The Turing Guide: Last words on an enigmatic codebreaker?" 1430:"Tote Boards: The Impressive Engineering of Horse Gambling" 945: 627: 308:
Jack Copeland at the ETH Zurich (Switzerland), October 2013
1061: 282:
Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology
1364:. Vol. 10, no. 3. Ann Arbor, MI: MPublishing. 753:: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers 1028:
Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing
1362:
Journal of the Association of History and Computing
1124:"New Zealand > Education > Academic Journals" 815:(Oxford University Press, 2014: Paperback edition) 452: 264:Copeland has held visiting professorships at the 1704: 1221:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 966:Entailment : the formalisation of inference 653:. The journal features technology as diverse as 130:Entailment : the formalisation of inference 1688:. New Zealand: UCSA. March 2011. Archived from 225:degree in 1978, where he undertook research on 201:, and author of books on the computing pioneer 1763:Academic staff of the University of Canterbury 1603:Logos: A Journal of Modern Society and Culture 189:(born 1950) is Professor of Philosophy at the 1238:"Rutherford at Canterbury University College" 1203:. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015 1001:"Turing Archive for the History of Computing" 1278: 1264:Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources 1025: 1543:"His Just Deserts: A Review of Four Books" 1328: 949: 931:Alan Turing: Father of the Modern Computer 892: 881: 879: 691:Logic and Reality Essays on the Legacy of 38: 1748:Academics of the University of Portsmouth 1567: 1336:"History and Theory of Computation Sites" 1035: 614:published in New Zealand that covers the 324: 19:For the American transplant surgeon, see 1723:Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford 1657: 1582: 1479: 1453: 1172:Historical Records of Australian Science 962: 303: 1359: 1099:"Distinguished Professor Jack Copeland" 876: 1705: 1599: 1536: 1534: 1303: 1235: 1168: 973:(DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. 813:Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age 240: 1540: 1520: 1427: 1146: 1066:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 861: 286:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1620: 1252: 956: 1531: 1428:Panos, Kristina (4 November 2015). 935: 13: 1541:Smith, Alvy Ray (September 2014). 1079:Society for Machines and Mentality 276:, Australia (2002, 2003), and the 14: 1774: 1743:British historians of mathematics 1758:English male non-fiction writers 830:(Oxford University Press, 2017) 768:(Oxford University Press, 2012) 755:(Oxford University Press, 2006) 739:(Oxford University Press, 2005) 713:(Oxford University Press, 2004) 634:(1871–1937), who studied at the 451: 1675: 1651: 1614: 1593: 1576: 1514: 1473: 1454:McKenzie, Don (12 March 2011). 1447: 1421: 1376: 1353: 1236:Clarke, Simon (December 2005). 1229: 1183: 1162: 1116: 1091: 664: 253:and machines more capable than 1072: 1054: 1019: 993: 924: 899: 674:: A Philosophical Introduction 268:, Australia (1997, 2002), the 1: 1560:American Mathematical Society 963:Copeland, Brian John (1978). 890:Mathematics Genealogy Project 869: 213:Copeland was educated at the 1637:10.1080/00107514.2013.836246 1201:The University of Queensland 208: 7: 1395:University of Chicago Press 1037:10.1007/978-3-319-53280-6_8 54:1950 (age 73–74) 10: 1779: 1492:Cambridge University Press 1399:History of Science Society 735:Automatic Computing Engine 18: 1500:10.1017/S0025557200179513 1370:2027/spo.3310410.0010.307 1191:"Professor Jack Copeland" 680:, 1993, 2nd edition due) 582: 577: 562: 545: 473: 461: 407: 388: 380: 375: 364: 356: 340: 156: 152: 140: 122: 108: 90: 83: 72: 64: 46: 37: 30: 1753:Academic journal editors 1733:New Zealand philosophers 1483:The Mathematical Gazette 1401:: 1–305. December 2010. 1286:"The Rutherford Journal" 1260:"The Rutherford Journal" 1103:University of Canterbury 911:University of Canterbury 396:University of Canterbury 278:University of Portsmouth 191:University of Canterbury 117:University of Canterbury 854:, Mark Sprevak, et al.) 779:Computability: Turing, 698:Oxford University Press 672:Artificial Intelligence 316:during a guest stay at 301:, established in 2005. 274:University of Melbourne 21:Jack Copeland (surgeon) 1242:The Rutherford Journal 1157:The Rutherford Journal 601:The Rutherford Journal 408:Standard abbreviations 334:The Rutherford Journal 326:The Rutherford Journal 309: 298:The Rutherford Journal 272:, Denmark (1999), the 219:Bachelor of Philosophy 113:University of Plymouth 1738:Historians of science 620:philosophy of science 351:philosophy of science 307: 1728:English philosophers 1624:Contemporary Physics 948:Bibliography Server 711:The Essential Turing 270:University of Aarhus 266:University of Sydney 223:Doctor of Philosophy 215:University of Oxford 77:University of Oxford 1695:on 20 January 2015. 1460:Godzilla Sea Monkey 1134:on 20 December 2016 1084:8 June 2007 at the 647:electronic journals 595:Copeland serves as 376:Publication details 337: 241:Career and research 231:non-classical logic 187:Brian Jack Copeland 51:Brian Jack Copeland 1661:(4 January 2017). 1551:Notices of the AMS 1007:on 12 October 2018 987:uk.bl.ethos.452218 862:Awards and honours 846:(paperback) (with 636:Canterbury College 331: 310: 1153:About the Journal 1047:978-3-319-53278-3 844:978-0-19-874783-3 836:978-0-19-874782-6 821:978-0-19-871918-2 799:978-0-262-52748-4 774:978-0-19-960915-4 632:Ernest Rutherford 593: 592: 288:, United States. 184: 183: 85:Scientific career 1770: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1687: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1659:Robinson, Andrew 1655: 1649: 1648: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569:10.1090/noti1155 1547: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1332: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1307: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1290:JournalIndex.net 1282: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1166: 1160: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1130:. Archived from 1120: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1095: 1089: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1039: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1003:. Archived from 997: 991: 990: 960: 954: 953: 939: 933: 928: 922: 921: 919: 917: 903: 897: 896: 883: 827:The Turing Guide 612:academic journal 586:Journal homepage 568: 557: 550: 541: 457: 455: 454: 338: 335: 330: 251:hypercomputation 180: 177: 175: 173: 171: 169: 167: 165: 163: 142:Doctoral advisor 136: 42: 28: 27: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1692: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1656: 1652: 1619: 1615: 1598: 1594: 1586:The Irish Times 1581: 1577: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1519: 1515: 1478: 1474: 1464: 1462: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1436: 1426: 1422: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1358: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1319: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1234: 1230: 1214: 1213: 1206: 1204: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1167: 1163: 1151: 1147: 1137: 1135: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1107: 1105: 1101:. New Zealand: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1086:Wayback Machine 1077: 1073: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1048: 1024: 1020: 1010: 1008: 999: 998: 994: 961: 957: 940: 936: 929: 925: 915: 913: 907:"Jack Copeland" 905: 904: 900: 884: 877: 872: 864: 858: 667: 597:editor-in-chief 563: 558: 553: 546: 517: 476: 475: 431: 410: 409: 403: 333: 329: 259:Ferranti Mark I 255:Turing machines 243: 211: 160: 134: 115: 101: 97: 73:Alma mater 60: 55: 53: 52: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1776: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1699: 1698: 1683:"CANTA survey" 1674: 1650: 1613: 1592: 1575: 1530: 1513: 1472: 1446: 1420: 1407:10.1086/660768 1375: 1352: 1340:AlanTuring.net 1327: 1302: 1277: 1251: 1228: 1182: 1161: 1145: 1115: 1090: 1071: 1053: 1046: 1018: 992: 955: 934: 923: 898: 874: 873: 871: 868: 863: 860: 856: 855: 848:Jonathan Bowen 823: 810: 776: 763: 747: 733:Alan Turing’s 730: 708: 688: 666: 663: 591: 590: 589: 588: 580: 579: 575: 574: 569: 560: 559: 551: 543: 542: 471: 470: 465: 459: 458: 405: 404: 394: 392: 386: 385: 382: 378: 377: 373: 372: 369: 362: 361: 358: 354: 353: 344: 328: 323: 293:Bletchley Park 242: 239: 233:supervised by 217:, obtaining a 210: 207: 182: 181: 176:/jack-copeland 158: 154: 153: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 126: 120: 119: 110: 106: 105: 92: 88: 87: 81: 80: 79:(BPhil, DPhil) 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 58:United Kingdom 56: 50: 48: 44: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1775: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1718:Living people 1716: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1691: 1684: 1678: 1670: 1669: 1668:New Scientist 1664: 1660: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1596: 1588: 1587: 1579: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1544: 1537: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1476: 1461: 1457: 1450: 1435: 1431: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1356: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1232: 1224: 1218: 1202: 1199:. Australia: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1179:(2): 298–299. 1178: 1174: 1173: 1165: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1119: 1104: 1100: 1094: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1075: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1049: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1006: 1002: 996: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 967: 959: 952: 947: 943: 942:Jack Copeland 938: 932: 927: 912: 908: 902: 895: 891: 887: 886:Jack Copeland 882: 880: 875: 867: 859: 853: 849: 845: 841: 838:(hardcover), 837: 833: 829: 828: 824: 822: 818: 814: 811: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 764: 762: 761:0-19-284055-X 758: 754: 752: 748: 746: 745:0-19-856593-3 742: 738: 736: 731: 728: 727:0-19-825079-7 724: 720: 719:0-19-825080-0 716: 712: 709: 707: 706:0-19-824060-0 703: 699: 695: 694: 689: 687: 686:0-631-18385-X 683: 679: 675: 673: 669: 668: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608:peer-reviewed 606: 602: 598: 587: 584: 583: 581: 576: 573: 570: 566: 561: 556: 552: 549: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 472: 469: 468:Rutherford J. 466: 464: 460: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 406: 401: 397: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 374: 371:Jack Copeland 370: 367: 363: 359: 355: 352: 348: 345: 343: 339: 336: 327: 322: 319: 315: 306: 302: 300: 299: 294: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221:degree and a 220: 216: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 179: 159: 155: 151: 148: 145: 143: 139: 132: 131: 127: 125: 121: 118: 114: 111: 107: 104: 100: 96: 93: 89: 86: 82: 78: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 49: 45: 41: 36: 32:Jack Copeland 29: 26: 22: 1690:the original 1677: 1666: 1653: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1584: 1578: 1555: 1549: 1524:The Guardian 1522: 1516: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1463:. Retrieved 1459: 1449: 1437:. Retrieved 1433: 1423: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1361: 1355: 1343:. Retrieved 1339: 1330: 1318:. Retrieved 1305: 1293:. Retrieved 1289: 1280: 1268:. Retrieved 1263: 1254: 1245: 1241: 1231: 1205:. Retrieved 1194: 1185: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1156: 1148: 1136:. Retrieved 1132:the original 1127: 1118: 1106:. Retrieved 1093: 1074: 1056: 1027: 1021: 1009:. Retrieved 1005:the original 995: 970: 965: 958: 937: 926: 914:. Retrieved 910: 901: 865: 857: 852:Robin Wilson 825: 812: 807:Oron Shagrir 787:, and Beyond 778: 765: 749: 732: 710: 693:Arthur Prior 690: 670: 665:Publications 655:totalisators 650: 644: 640:Christchurch 600: 594: 534: 522: 505: 493: 485: 467: 440: 419: 384:2005 onwards 332: 325: 311: 296: 290: 263: 244: 212: 195:Christchurch 186: 185: 128: 109:Institutions 84: 25: 1713:1950 births 1562:: 891–895. 1494:: 185–186. 1196:Archive.org 605:open-access 400:New Zealand 247:Alan Turing 227:modal logic 203:Alan Turing 199:New Zealand 172:/contact-us 164:.canterbury 103:Alan Turing 65:Nationality 1707:Categories 1631:(5): 259. 1465:7 December 1439:7 December 1320:7 December 1295:7 December 1270:7 December 1138:7 December 1108:7 December 870:References 661:computer. 624:technology 445:MathSciNet 342:Discipline 318:ETH Zurich 235:Dana Scott 147:Dana Scott 95:Philosophy 1645:119031996 1508:164782208 1345:4 January 1207:4 January 979:863373224 916:16 August 803:Carl Posy 793:, 2013). 791:MIT Press 678:Blackwell 572:145735058 567: no. 555:1177-1380 390:Publisher 209:Education 1434:Hackaday 1415:13335611 1217:cite web 1082:Archived 1011:16 April 971:ox.ac.uk 751:Colossus 700:, 1996) 657:and the 474:Indexing 424:Bluebook 368: by 357:Language 1490:(517). 1128:indexNS 1064:. USA: 888:at the 721:(pbk); 616:history 610:online 533:)  504:)  492:)  439:)  418:)  398: ( 381:History 360:English 347:History 284:at the 174:/people 157:Website 68:British 1643:  1610:(2–3). 1506:  1413:  1393:(S1). 1315:Intute 1313:. UK: 1266:. ROAD 1088:, USA. 1044:  985:  977:  842:  834:  819:  801:(with 797:  785:Church 772:  759:  743:  725:  717:  704:  684:  659:CSIRAC 539:Scopus 535:· 523:· 521:  506:· 494:· 486:· 484:  441:· 420:· 366:Edited 314:Zurich 135:(1978) 133:  124:Thesis 91:Fields 1693:(PDF) 1686:(PDF) 1641:S2CID 1558:(8). 1546:(PDF) 1527:. UK. 1504:S2CID 1411:S2CID 983:EThOS 781:Gödel 729:(hbk) 603:, an 578:Links 537: 525: 508: 498:JSTOR 496: 488: 478:CODEN 463:ISO 4 443: 422: 412:ISO 4 178:.html 170:/arts 99:Logic 1467:2016 1441:2016 1386:Isis 1347:2014 1322:2016 1297:2016 1272:2016 1223:link 1209:2014 1140:2016 1110:2016 1042:ISBN 1013:2007 975:OCLC 946:DBLP 918:2022 840:ISBN 832:ISBN 817:ISBN 805:and 795:ISBN 770:ISBN 757:ISBN 741:ISBN 723:ISBN 715:ISBN 702:ISBN 682:ISBN 628:HTML 622:and 618:and 565:OCLC 548:ISSN 519:MIAR 510:LCCN 490:alt2 349:and 229:and 47:Born 1633:doi 1564:doi 1496:doi 1403:doi 1391:101 1366:hdl 1032:doi 944:at 642:). 599:of 531:alt 527:NLM 514:alt 502:alt 482:alt 449:alt 437:alt 433:NLM 428:alt 416:alt 168:.nz 166:.ac 162:www 1709:: 1665:. 1639:. 1629:54 1627:. 1608:15 1606:. 1556:61 1554:. 1548:. 1533:^ 1502:. 1488:90 1486:. 1458:. 1432:. 1409:. 1397:/ 1389:. 1338:. 1288:. 1262:. 1244:. 1240:. 1219:}} 1215:{{ 1193:. 1177:17 1175:. 1155:, 1126:. 1040:. 981:. 969:. 909:. 878:^ 850:, 783:, 261:. 237:. 205:. 197:, 193:, 1671:. 1647:. 1635:: 1589:. 1572:. 1566:: 1510:. 1498:: 1469:. 1443:. 1417:. 1405:: 1372:. 1368:: 1349:. 1324:. 1299:. 1274:. 1248:. 1246:1 1225:) 1211:. 1159:. 1142:. 1112:. 1068:. 1050:. 1034:: 1015:. 989:. 920:. 809:) 789:( 696:( 676:( 638:( 529:( 516:) 512:( 500:( 480:( 456:) 447:( 435:( 430:) 426:( 414:( 402:) 23:.

Index

Jack Copeland (surgeon)

United Kingdom
University of Oxford
Philosophy
Logic
Alan Turing
University of Plymouth
University of Canterbury
Thesis
Entailment : the formalisation of inference
Doctoral advisor
Dana Scott
www.canterbury.ac.nz/arts/contact-us/people/jack-copeland.html
University of Canterbury
Christchurch
New Zealand
Alan Turing
University of Oxford
Bachelor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy
modal logic
non-classical logic
Dana Scott
Alan Turing
hypercomputation
Turing machines
Ferranti Mark I
University of Sydney
University of Aarhus

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.