44:
416:, a march that started in Ohio, and passed through Pittsburgh in April. Interest in the march dwindled in mid May. Coxey was concerned with the lack of meaningful work, and thus demanded that the federal government provide such for the unemployed. Coxey, his wife, and his son, Legal Tender Coxey, rode in a carriage ahead of some 400 protesters towards Washington D.C. He was arrested for walking on the grass and his army peacefully dispersed. Although it didn't seem to have much effect, the march on Washington and the growing threat of
561:
280:
Coxey was a passionate equestrian, who bred blooded horses and raced or sold them across the nation. Horse racing was among the most popular spectator sports in the United States and Coxey's horse-breeding enterprise was prosperous, but he fell into gambling on racing, which contributed to the end of
314:
Coxey had experience as a laborer and an employer; he was also aware of the agricultural situation. He was a reformer who was willing to spend time and money to promote his plans for the betterment of the social order. Coxey was regarded by many contemporary observers as convincingly earnest. One
353:, specifically road improvement, to be financed through the issuance of $ 500 million in paper money, backed by government bonds. This expenditure would in one swoop improve infrastructure, put unemployed workers to work, and loosen the strangled credit situation, Coxey believed.
365:— the assembly of a mass of unemployed workers who would boldly march on Washington, D.C., to demand immediate satisfaction of their needs by Congress. This plan began to take shape early in the spring of 1894, to the point that by March the managing editor of the
360:
devised a novel political strategy designed to force the United States government into action. Rather than attempt to form a conventional political organization to capture decision-making offices, Coxey decided upon a course of what would later be known as
264:
Coxey spent eight years at the iron mill, advancing through the ranks from water boy to machine oiler, boiler tender, and finally to stationary engineer. Coxey left the mill in 1878 to establish a business partnership with an uncle in a
273:, located 325 miles to the west, in 1881. Coxey liked the town so much that he decided to stay, cashing out of the scrap iron business and using the proceeds to purchase a large farm and establish a quarry producing
499:). He also received two votes in the race for Frank Murphy's seat. He also ran for President as the candidate of the Interracial Independent Political Party with Simon P. W. Drew as his running mate.
225:
allocate funds to create jobs for the unemployed. Although the marches failed, Coxey's Army was an early attempt to arouse political interest in an issue that grew in importance until the
246:, the son of the former Mary Ann Sechler and Thomas Coxey. His father worked in a sawmill at the time Jacob was born, but the family pulled up stakes to move to industrially thriving
315:
reporter wrote, "He seems to be profoundly impressed with the suffering of mankind and with a belief that there is a deep-laid plan of monopolist to crush the poor to the earth."
491:
1928: Again tried unsuccessfully to get the
Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in the primary. In the general election, he ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the
492:
478:
456:
428:
349:
Never one to be short of either self-confidence or political ambition, Coxey believed that he had a cure for the nation's economic woes and began espousing a plan of
965:
382:. His father refused to talk to reporters and called his son "stiff necked", "cranky", and "pig-headed". One of Coxey's sisters called him an embarrassment.
311:
emerged at the start of the 1890s, it earned the support of Coxey and most other
Greenbackers and he shifted his allegiance to that political organization.
300:, which ascribed the nations economic woes to faulty economic principles which led to a severe contraction of the money supply in the years after the
397:
Coxey lived to be 97 years old. When asked his secret to longevity, he told reporters an array of reasons from elixirs to not resisting temptation.
975:
284:
Coxey would remarry in 1891, siring two more children, including a son named "Legal Tender" in honor of his father's quirky monetary obsessions.
925:
920:
584:
579:
574:
356:
To accompany his novel and controversial economic program, organized around the slogan "Good Roads", Coxey and his close political associate
970:
859:
717:
Although statistics of the day are incomplete, some estimates peg the unemployment rate at nearly 20%. See, for instance, Alexander,
511:
883:
296:
and he entered politics under this banner. With the coming of the economic crisis of 1877, Coxey became a partisan of the
375:
to cover the "queer chap down there in
Massillon" who was "getting up an army of the unemployed to march on Washington."
935:
930:
308:
137:
474:
293:
179:
158:
542:
1941: Unsuccessfully tried to get the
Democratic nomination for mayor of Massillon after losing his seat in 1933.
221:", a group of unemployed men who marched to Washington, D.C., to present a "Petition in Boots" demanding that the
424:
304:. Prosperity could be restored, Greenbackers believed, by the issuance of sufficient quantities of paper money.
546:
536:
528:, the successor to McSweeney and McClintock in the 16th U.S. House District, this time under the banner of the
485:
470:
460:
607:
406:
297:
261:
before leaving to take his first job at the age of 16 as a water boy in the mill where his father worked.
830:
801:
172:
17:
646:
Schwantes, Carlos A. Coxey's army: an
American odyssey. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1985.
940:
386:
144:
955:
529:
243:
102:
960:
521:
1934: Again lost the contest to be the
Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary.
508:
1932: Again lost the contest to be the
Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary.
502:
1930: Again lost the contest to be the
Republican nominee in the 16th District U.S. House primary.
266:
869:
950:
945:
318:
He was often branded as a crank for challenging the economic system that made him so prosperous.
787:
247:
222:
165:
151:
496:
269:
scrap-iron business. In this capacity, Coxey went on a scrap iron buying trip to the town of
915:
910:
514:: Unsuccessfully ran for the office of President of the United States on the ticket of the
449:
8:
589:
327:
226:
338:
paralyzed the local financial system, and credit dried up, while a protracted period of
515:
372:
343:
301:
43:
891:
409:
for a seat in the Ohio State Senate but lost in his first attempt at public office.
566:
442:
435:
864:
525:
463:
413:
379:
270:
218:
210:
130:
119:
59:
367:
258:
229:
of 1935 encouraged the establishment of state unemployment insurance programs.
904:
362:
331:
350:
254:
788:
Marxism In United States
History Before the Russian Revolution (1876–1917)
495:, against McSweeney again (who lost his seat to the Republican challenger
357:
488:
nomination for the 16th
District seat and lost in the primary election.
339:
335:
250:, in 1860, with Jacob's father taking a job working in an iron mill.
417:
378:
Many members of Coxey's family were opposed to his involvement in
213:, was an American politician who ran for office several times in
274:
682:
Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1968; p. ???
680:
Coxey's Army: A Study of the Industrial Army Movement of 1894.
281:
his first marriage in 1888, after 14 years and four children.
708:. New York: University of New York Press, 1995; p. ???
214:
630:
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015; p. 5.
253:
Known as Jake, Coxey excelled in school, attending local
469:
1924: Ran as an independent for the U.S. House against
761:
Coxey's Army: A Study in Industrial Unrest, 1893–1898.
455:
1922: Ran as an independent for the U.S. House in the
342:
put negative pressure on wages, prompting widespread
330:
swept the United States – a crisis remembered as the
556:
549:
nomination in the 16th District primaries and lost.
539:
nomination in the 16th District primaries and lost.
205:(April 16, 1854 – May 18, 1951), sometimes known as
585:
Ohio's 16th congressional district#Election results
580:
Ohio's 18th congressional district#Election results
575:
Ohio's 21st congressional district#Election results
242:Jacob Sechler Coxey was born on April 16, 1854, in
420:at this time struck fear into the hearts of many.
763:Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1929; pp. 32–36.
966:Socialist Party of America politicians from Ohio
902:
628:Coxey's Army: Popular Protest in the Gilded Age.
729:
727:
656:
654:
652:
622:
620:
618:
616:
524:1936: Again challenged Democratic incumbent
400:
292:Coxey was born to parents who supported the
287:
277:sand for the manufacture of glass and iron.
72:January 1, 1931 – December 31, 1931
791:. New York: Humanities Press. 1974. p. 175.
448:1916: Unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the
431:seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.
192:Businessman, landowner, political activist
42:
724:
649:
642:
640:
638:
636:
613:
976:Union Party (United States) politicians
674:
672:
670:
14:
903:
633:
441:1897: Nominated by People's Party for
434:1895: Nominated by People's Party for
257:and at least one additional year in a
926:People from Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania
921:American manufacturing businesspeople
505:1931: Elected as mayor of Massillon.
667:
884:"Profile of the Farmer-Labor Party"
392:
217:. Twice, in 1894 and 1914, he led "
24:
25:
987:
971:20th-century American politicians
559:
516:United States Farmer-Labor Party
405:1885: Ran as the nominee of the
876:
868:. June 18, 1928. Archived from
852:
823:
794:
779:
766:
753:
740:
321:
27:American politician (1854–1951)
711:
698:
685:
601:
237:
13:
1:
831:"Coxey's Army Dwindling Away"
298:United States Greenback Party
802:"Coxey has a new commissary"
595:
371:would assign young reporter
334:. Unemployment skyrocketed,
232:
7:
552:
10:
992:
931:Mayors of Massillon, Ohio
401:Political career timeline
288:First political interests
244:Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania
196:
188:
126:
109:
103:Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania
85:
80:
76:
65:
57:
53:
41:
34:
545:1942: Contested for the
535:1938: Contested for the
626:Benjamin F. Alexander,
423:1894: Nominated by the
385:He was a member of the
203:Jacob Sechler Coxey Sr.
248:Danville, Pennsylvania
223:United States Congress
936:Ohio Farmer–Laborites
772:quoted in Alexander,
704:Lyman Tower Sargent,
608:"Jacob Sechler Coxey"
497:Charles B. McClintock
706:Extremism in America
532:, and again losing.
450:United States Senate
785:Johnson, Oakley C.
759:Donald L. McMurry,
678:Donald L. McMurry,
590:John Maynard Keynes
328:economic depression
227:Social Security Act
90:Jacob Sechler Coxey
894:on March 28, 2009.
888:cresswellslist.com
838:The New York Times
809:The New York Times
610:, www.ancestry.com
547:Democratic Party's
537:Democratic Party's
486:Republican Party's
484:1926: Ran for the
464:B. Franklin Murphy
459:against incumbent
373:Ray Stannard Baker
302:American Civil War
36:Jacob S. Coxey Sr.
941:Ohio Independents
872:on March 9, 2005.
326:In 1893 a severe
200:
199:
16:(Redirected from
983:
956:Ohio Republicans
896:
895:
890:. Archived from
880:
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847:
845:
835:
827:
821:
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631:
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611:
605:
569:
567:Biography portal
564:
563:
562:
481:, losing again.
443:Governor of Ohio
436:Governor of Ohio
393:Death and legacy
294:Democratic Party
184:
177:
170:
163:
156:
149:
142:
135:
116:
99:
97:
81:Personal details
70:
46:
32:
31:
21:
991:
990:
986:
985:
984:
982:
981:
980:
961:Ohio Greenbacks
901:
900:
899:
882:
881:
877:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
833:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
811:(April 6). 1894
804:
800:
799:
795:
784:
780:
771:
767:
758:
754:
745:
741:
732:
725:
716:
712:
703:
699:
690:
686:
677:
668:
659:
650:
645:
634:
625:
614:
606:
602:
598:
565:
560:
558:
555:
526:William R. Thom
407:Greenback Party
403:
395:
387:Socialist Party
324:
290:
259:private academy
240:
235:
211:Massillon, Ohio
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
127:Political party
120:Massillon, Ohio
118:
114:
101:
95:
93:
92:
91:
71:
66:
60:Massillon, Ohio
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
989:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
951:Ohio Democrats
948:
946:Ohio Populists
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
898:
897:
875:
851:
840:(May 11). 1894
822:
793:
778:
765:
752:
739:
723:
710:
697:
684:
666:
648:
632:
612:
599:
597:
594:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
570:
554:
551:
475:John McSweeney
425:People's Party
402:
399:
394:
391:
368:Chicago Record
323:
320:
309:People's Party
289:
286:
255:public schools
239:
236:
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198:
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186:
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128:
124:
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117:(aged 97)
111:
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100:April 16, 1854
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78:
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63:
62:
55:
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51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
988:
977:
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969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
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952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
906:
893:
889:
885:
879:
871:
867:
866:
861:
860:"Fifth Party"
855:
839:
832:
826:
810:
803:
797:
790:
789:
782:
775:
769:
762:
756:
749:
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531:
527:
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519:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
500:
498:
494:
493:16th District
489:
487:
482:
480:
479:16th District
476:
472:
467:
465:
462:
458:
457:18th District
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
429:18th District
426:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
398:
390:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
370:
369:
364:
363:direct action
359:
354:
352:
347:
346:and strikes.
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Panic of 1893
329:
319:
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312:
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305:
303:
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295:
285:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
262:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:General Coxey
204:
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187:
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174:
167:
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153:
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139:
132:
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125:
121:
112:
108:
104:
88:
84:
79:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
48:Coxey in 1914
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
892:the original
887:
878:
870:the original
863:
854:
844:November 12,
842:. Retrieved
837:
825:
815:November 12,
813:. Retrieved
808:
796:
786:
781:
774:Coxey's Army
773:
768:
760:
755:
748:Coxey's Army
747:
742:
735:Coxey's Army
734:
719:Coxey's Army
718:
713:
705:
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693:Coxey's Army
692:
687:
679:
662:Coxey's Army
661:
627:
603:
544:
541:
534:
523:
520:
510:
507:
504:
501:
490:
483:
468:
454:
447:
440:
433:
422:
414:Coxey's Army
411:
404:
396:
389:circa 1912.
384:
380:Coxey's Army
377:
366:
355:
351:public works
348:
325:
322:Coxey's Army
317:
313:
306:
291:
283:
279:
263:
252:
241:
219:Coxey's Army
206:
202:
201:
166:Farmer–Labor
115:(1951-05-18)
113:May 18, 1951
67:
29:
916:1951 deaths
911:1854 births
746:Alexander,
733:Alexander,
691:Alexander,
660:Alexander,
530:Union Party
358:Carl Browne
238:Early years
152:Independent
148:(1910–1912)
141:(1891–1908)
18:Jacob Coxey
905:Categories
473:incumbent
471:Democratic
466:and lost.
461:Republican
412:1894: Led
267:Harrisburg
189:Profession
180:Democratic
159:Republican
96:1854-04-16
596:Footnotes
340:deflation
336:bank runs
307:When the
271:Massillon
233:Biography
183:(1936–42)
169:(1932–36)
162:(1926–32)
155:(1908–26)
145:Socialist
134:(1874–89)
131:Greenback
68:In office
58:Mayor of
776:, p. 44.
750:, p. 45.
553:See also
427:for the
418:populism
344:lockouts
138:People's
737:, p. 3.
721:, p. 2.
695:, p. 1.
664:, p. 8.
477:in the
275:silica
176:(1936)
122:, U.S.
105:, U.S.
834:(PDF)
805:(PDF)
209:, of
173:Union
865:Time
846:2008
817:2008
512:1932
215:Ohio
110:Died
86:Born
907::
886:.
862:.
836:.
807:.
726:^
669:^
651:^
635:^
615:^
518:.
452:.
445:.
438:.
848:.
819:.
98:)
94:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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