253:
623:
significant collaboration between
Foccart and Houphouet was the way they tried to persuade de Gaulle to back the Biafran secession from Nigeria in 1967. Despite the pressures they exerted, however, de Gaulle refused to recognize Biafra, and, in retrospect, so guarded and elliptical are some of Foccart's statements that one cannot be sure what he really wanted or expected from de Gaulle at the time."
622:
spoke on the phone every
Wednesday, and there is no doubt that he considered the Ivoirian leader the African centerpiece of his network. They operated together on a number of issues. Interventions such as that in Gabon in 1964 and Chad in 1969 were encouraged by the Foccart-Houphouet tandem. The most
585:
review asserts that this "Cooperation
Ministry, focal point of the new evolving French system in Africa, regarded Foccart both as their "guarantor" and their advocate with de Gaulle. If the General had conceived the apparatus (though in fact some of it simply happened by improvisation), Foccart was
320:) by putting in place a series of cooperation accords with individual African countries and building a dense web of personal networks that underpinned the informal and family-like relationships between French and African leaders. After de Gaulle, Foccart was seen as the most influential man of the
38:
792:
Such had been his influence on French colonial and post colonial policy that when he died on March 19, 1997, "For those involved with what has come to be known nowadays as "Françafrique", denoting the special French sphere of influence in Africa, many, along with
727:
However, his role was not limited to Africa, as he was also charged by De Gaulle with the secret services and with the following of the elections, in particular concerning the choice of the candidates during the 1960s. The
748:
observes that "His biographer's claim that
General de Gaulle asked Foccart to reorganize the SDECE (in view of the tainting of both the armed forces and the intelligence agencies by the movement for
810:
also published, in which, starting from 1965, Jacques
Foccart transcribed his daily meetings with De Gaulle, have proved an invaluable resource for the knowledge of French policies in Africa.
478:
created in 1958. These accords involved the sectors of finance and economy, culture and education, and the military. There were initially eleven countries involved:
457:, France's sphere of influence over its former colonies in sub-Saharan Africa. He was instrumental in putting in place the dense web of personal networks (or
474:, Jacques Foccart played "an essential role" in the negotiation of the Cooperation accords with the newly independent African states, former members of the
662:
252:
785:
In 1995, Jacques
Foccart was part of president Jacques Chirac's visit to Morocco, Senegal, CĂ´te d'Ivoire, and Gabon, all countries led by friends of
414:
1463:
794:
680:
in
January 1977 (with which he denies having had any connection, and would not have supported because it was badly conceived and executed); and "
465:, that underpinned the informal and family-like relationships between French and African leaders, which would go on to survive until the 1990s.
1422:, Les grandes affaires criminelles de l'Orne, de Borée, (2008). ( about Emile Buffon, François Van Aerden and Foccart in Orne during the war.)
578:
1154:
986:
711:
of Gabon, who he served as his advisor on
African affairs for a number of years after 1974. He would criticize the devaluation of the
614:
s review of his biography goes on with
Foccart's admission that the French secret services eliminated the Cameroonian Marxist leader
1249:
339:
replaced
Foccart with the young deputy whom he had himself trained. He was then rehabilitated in 1986 by the new Prime minister
818:
676:, he was critical of two special operations carried on under Giscard d'Estaing: the fiasco of the mercenary landing in
650:
on the request, brought forward by Jacques Foccart, of the Cameroon government, represented in Paris by the ambassador
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707:
at the age of eighty-one, in the main because he still had remarkable contacts with African leaders such as President
570:, which had also been under French rule for many years but became independent in the 1970s, were also later included.
1405:
1390:
1375:
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where he ran an import and export business. He was a sergeant in the French army during the war and later joined the
356:
922:
17:
764:
658:
336:
1458:
749:
276:(31 August 1913 – 19 March 1997) was a French businessman and politician, best known as a chief adviser to
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619:
574:
288:
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in September 1979. Journiac died on 6 February 1980, in a mysterious plane crash in Northern Cameroon.
446:
418:
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The whole ensemble was put under a new Ministry of Cooperation, created in 1961, separate from the
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884:
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The publication of his memoirs under the format of interviews at the end of his life, and the
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47:
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413:. He became close to Charles de Gaulle during the war and helped facilitate the latter's
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314:, and was pivotal in maintaining France's sphere of influence in sub-Saharan Africa (or
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752:) is indirectly confirmed, but there is not a clear picture of the organization of the
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in 1960. Furthermore, it quotes "some reports" which "suggested that Foccart and
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1130:
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453:
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401:. He married his wife, Isabelle Fenoglio, in 1939 and worked as a trader before
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in Africa during the 1960s. Nevertheless, Foccart retained his functions during
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1442:
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863:, France's sphere of influence over its former colonies in sub-Saharan Africa
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543:
191:
1186:
Chafer, Tony (2002). "Franco-African relations: No longer so exceptional?".
503:
402:
1084:"Foreign Relations, 1969-1976, Volume E-5, Documents on Africa, 1969-1972"
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602:
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in Africa. His influence over French policy in Africa was so direct that
43:
968:
1273:"Putsch aux Comores : cinq ans de prison requis contre Bob Denard"
1231:
The Great Heroin Coup - Drugs, Intelligence & International Fascism
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597:, he was, in 1967, an important actor in the French support of the
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393:, in west-central France, to a family of white planters from the
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From 1960 to 1974, Foccart was Secretary-General for African and
165:
736:) helped him for those shady missions. Foccart also admitted in
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324:. But through SAC, he was considered to be involved in various
870:
741:
590:
515:
507:
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374:
181:
1315:, interviews with Philippe Gaillard, Fayard - Jeune Afrique
37:
1088:
2001-2009 Archive for the United States Department of State
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695:
as an adviser on African affairs for the two years of the "
539:
531:
511:
1155:"Jacques Foccart Dies at 83; Secret Mastermind in Africa"
1114:"Chirac and 'la Françafrique': No Longer a Family Affair"
987:"Jacques Foccart dies at 83; secret mastermind in Africa"
46:(center), and Guy Chavanne (right) visiting a school in
1352:
tome 1 : Tous les soirs avec de Gaulle (1965-1967)
1081:
1047:
Bovcon, Maja (2011). "Françafrique and regime theory".
955:
Whiteman, Kaye (1997). "The Man Who Ran Françafrique".
719:'s government, a month after Houphouët-Boigny's death.
343:
as an adviser on African affairs for the two years of "
851:, a French mercenary involved in various coups in the
691:
Foccart was then rehabilitated in 1986 by new Premier
451:
Foccart played a central role in what became known as
538:, former UN Trust Territories, as well as, later on,
280:
on African affairs. He also co-founded in 1959 with
636:
Cruel hand on Cameroon, autopsy of a decolonization
803:, saw Foccart's death as 'the end of an epoch.' "
684:", the military intervention that deposed Emperor
359:, the 81-year-old Foccart was brought back to the
60:Secretary-General for African and Malagasy Affairs
1397:tome 4 : La France pompidolienne (1971-1972)
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914:
912:
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575:Ministry for Overseas Departments and Territories
363:as an advisor. He died in 1997. According to the
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385:Jacques Foccart was born on August 31, 1913, in
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310:affairs under Presidents Charles de Gaulle and
100:Secretary-General of Rally of the French People
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767:(DPS), security organization of the far-right
240:Elmire Courtemanche de la Clémandière (mother)
1412:tome 5 : La Fin du gaullisme (1973-1974)
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978:
891:until his death in 2005 (replaced by his son
813:Furthermore, at his trial in 2006, mercenary
23:French businessman and politician (1913–1997)
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763:, Jacques Foccart also helped to create the
672:, whom he had trained himself. According to
1367:tome 2 : Le Général en mai (1968-1969)
1082:Office of the Historian (13 January 1970).
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1049:European Journal of International Relations
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821:, alleged that Foccart had supported him.
626:Jacques Foccart remained in service under
468:According to the US conservative magazine
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1382:tome 3 : Dans les bottes du Général
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581:) that had previously run them all. The
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377:right up to the week before his death."
1298:L'Homme de l'Ombre (Man of the Shadows)
1152:
984:
920:
744:intelligence agency were his concerns.
657:Foccart was then replaced by President
1464:Rally of the French People politicians
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1214:
1185:
1111:
1046:
722:
699:". When Chirac finally made it to the
432:
417:. Foccart became secretary-general of
1433:Assassination of Félix-Roland Moumié
1258:. Originally published in Danish as
1252:from the original on August 2, 2014.
630:'s presidency (1969–1974). In 1972,
542:and the former Belgian territories (
1090:. United States Department of State
985:Whitney, Craig R. (20 March 1997).
13:
1435:, a Camerounian nationalist leader
1306:(African Business), Fayard, (1983)
921:Johnson, Douglas (20 March 1997).
703:, Foccart was brought back to the
14:
1475:
1426:
355:. When Chirac finally gained the
299:christened him with the nickname
1153:Whitney, Craig R. (1997-03-20).
1118:Modern & Contemporary France
646:by the Ministry of the Interior
251:
1288:
1265:
819:1995 coup d'Ă©tat in the Comoros
237:Guillaume Koch-Foccart (father)
220:
18:Invisible Kid (Jacques Foccart)
1384:, (1969–1971), 1999, 787 pp.,
1146:
765:Department Protection Security
1:
1226:"The French intelligence Zoo"
899:
558:), together with some of the
263:Monsieur Afrique (Mr. Africa)
16:For the comic superhero, see
291:(SAC), which specialized in
7:
1281:(in French). March 9, 2006.
1131:10.1080/0963948052000341196
929:. Independent Print Limited
923:"Obituary: Jacques Foccart"
824:
10:
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419:Rally of the French People
202:Rally of the French People
15:
1348:, Fayard - Jeune Afrique
1200:10.1093/afraf/101.404.343
560:ex-Portuguese territories
332:'s presidency (1969–74).
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1061:10.1177/1354066111413309
817:, who was tried for his
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740:that relations with the
734:Service d'Action Civique
659:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
642:upon its publication by
520:Central African Republic
461:), a central feature of
439:Decolonisation of Africa
337:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
289:Service d'Action Civique
42:Jacques Foccart (left),
1318:tome I, 1995, 500 pp.,
1260:Smukke Serge og Heroien
1224:Kruger, Henrik (1980).
840:French colonial empires
447:France's neocolonialism
415:return to power in 1958
878:, former president of
876:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
844:Colonization of Africa
761:François de Grossouvre
715:in January 1994 under
427:French Fourth Republic
1112:Chafer, Tony (2005).
957:The National Interest
601:, through the use of
586:the machine minder."
471:The National Interest
437:Further information:
425:, in 1954 during the
387:Ambrières-les-Vallées
381:Early life and career
370:The National Interest
365:international affairs
162:Ambrières-les-Vallées
48:Torcy, Seine-et-Marne
1420:Jean-François Miniac
149:Jacques Koch-Foccart
1459:People from Mayenne
1346:Journal de l'Élysée
1304:Affaires Africaines
808:Journal de l'Elysée
723:Domestic activities
682:Operation Barracuda
616:Félix-Roland Moumié
433:Postcolonial Africa
411:France fell in 1940
353:François Mitterrand
303:("Mister Africa").
1159:The New York Times
885:Gnassingbé Eyadéma
701:presidency in 1995
357:presidency in 1995
1408:
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1344:Jacques Foccart,
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1311:Jacques Foccart,
1017:"Jacques Foccart"
775:Jean-Marie Le Pen
750:Algerie Francaise
746:National Interest
674:National Interest
648:Raymond Marcellin
609:National Interest
599:Biafran secession
583:National Interest
524:Congo-Brazzaville
407:French Resistance
297:Charles de Gaulle
293:covert operations
278:French presidents
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80:Charles de Gaulle
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312:Georges Pompidou
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326:coups d'Ă©tat
317:Françafrique
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177:(1997-03-19)
127:Succeeded by
106:
91:Succeeded by
66:
1454:1997 deaths
1449:1913 births
1295:Pierre PĂ©an
1254:, Foreword
1055:(1): 5–26.
831:Colonialism
666: [
603:mercenaries
500:Upper Volta
188:Nationality
117:Preceded by
44:Hubert Maga
1443:Categories
1234:. Boston:
1172:2024-06-01
900:References
867:Omar Bongo
849:Bob Denard
815:Bob Denard
709:Omar Bongo
632:Mongo Beti
528:Madagascar
480:Mauritania
399:Guadeloupe
397:island of
351:president
155:1913-08-31
1167:0362-4331
1094:13 August
1069:145093241
1027:12 August
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933:12 August
754:barbouzes
713:CFA franc
620:Houphouët
593:dictator
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421:(RPF), a
395:Caribbean
367:magazine
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248:Signature
111:1954–1954
107:In office
76:President
71:1960–1974
67:In office
1399:, 2000,
1369:, 1998,
1278:Le Monde
1250:Archived
1140:73691402
1124:: 7–23.
969:42897073
825:See also
717:Balladur
640:censored
568:Djibouti
536:Cameroon
308:Malagasy
286:Gaullist
260:Nickname
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1208:3518538
853:Comores
686:Bokassa
579:DOM-TOM
564:Comoros
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492:Dahomey
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