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political group, attending its meetings, and continuing to follow the political mentorship of Khalil Maleki until their deaths in 1969. In 1963, visited Israel for two weeks, and in his account of his trip stated that the fusion of the religious and the secular he discerned in Israel afforded a potential model for the state of Iran. Despite his relationship with the secular Third Force group, Al-e-Ahmad became more sympathetic to the need for religious leadership in the transformation of
Iranian politics, especially after the rise of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1963.
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philosophy of
Western civilization, only aping the West outwardly and formally (by consuming its machines), we shall be like the ass going about in a lion's skin. We know what became of him. Although the one who created the machine now cries out that it is stifling him, we not only fail to repudiate our assuming the garb of machine tenders, we pride ourselves on it. For two hundred years we have resembled the crow mimicking the partridge (always supposing that the West is a partridge and we are a crow). So long as we remain
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Al-e-Ahmad was imprisoned for several years and "so completely lost faith in party politics" that he signed a letter of repentance published in an
Iranian newspaper declaring that he had "resigned from the Third Force, and completely abandoned politics." However, he remained a part of the Third Force
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Society of the
Iranian Masses in January 1948 but disbanded it a few days later when Radio Moscow attacked it, unwilling to publicly oppose "what they considered the world's most progressive nations." Nonetheless, the dissent of Al-e-Ahmad and Maleki marked "the end of the near hegemony of the party
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We have been unable to preserve our own historicocultural character in the face of the machine and its fateful onslaught. Rather, we have been routed. We have been unable to take a considered stand in the face of this contemporary monster. So long as we do not comprehend the real essence, basis, and
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of his famous book, and he goes on to say "Junger and I were both exploring more or less the same subject, but from two viewpoints. We were addressing the same question, but in two languages." Throughout the twelve chapters of the essay, Al-e Ahmad defines gharbzadegi as a contagious disease, lists
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gold coins (about $ 33,000), making it Iran's most lucrative literary award. In some years there is no top winner, other notables receive up to 25 gold coins. Categories include "Novel", "Short story", "Literary criticism" and "History and documentations". The award was confirmed by the
460:, so long as we have not built the machine, we remain occidentotic. Our dilemma is that once we have built the machine, we will have become mechanotic, just like the West, crying out at the way technology and the machine have stampeded out of control.
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from Tehran
Teachers College and became a teacher, at the same time making a sharp break with his religious family that left him "completely on his own resources." He pursued academic studies further and enrolled in a doctoral program of
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representations and sarcastic expressions are regular patterns in his books. A distinct characteristic of his writings is his honest examination of subjects, regardless of possible reactions from political, social, or religious powers.
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
605:
shortly after World War II. They "were too independent for the party" and resigned in protest over the lack of democracy and the "nakedly pro-Soviet" support for Soviet demands for oil concession and occupation of
Iranian
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of
Western technology and by implication of Western `civilization` itself". He argued that the decline of traditional Iranian industries such as carpet weaving was the beginning of Western "economic and
369:. After elementary school Al-e-Ahmad was sent to earn a living in the Tehran bazaar, but also attended Marvi Madreseh for a religious education, and without his father's permission, night classes at the
589:
and alienating forces of modernity, it is necessary to return to the roots of
Islamic culture. In fact, Al Ahmad wanted to reimagine modernity with Iranian-Islamic tradition.
551:
of industry, independence in all areas of life from both the Soviet and the
Western world, and "self-sufficiency" in economics. He was also one of the main influences of
1446:
434:
In 2010, the Tehran
Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts Department bought the house in which both Jalal Al-e Ahmad and his brother Shams were born and lived.
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1550:
381:" and was unable to commit to the clerical career his father and brother had hoped he would take, describing it as "a snare in the shape of a cloak and an
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believes that Al-e Ahmad is concerned with the discourse of authenticity along with Shariati. According to Mirsepasi, Jalal extended his critiques of the
520:, diagnoses local patients, offers a prognosis for patients in other localities, and consults with other specialists to suggest a rather hazy antidote.
585:. On this occasion, he posed the concept of “return” to an Islamic culture which is authentic at the same time. Al-e Ahmad believed that to avoid the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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He died in Asalem, a rural region in the north of Iran, inside a cottage which was built almost entirely by himself. He was buried in Firouzabadi
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Jalal traveled to far-off, usually poor, regions of Iran and tried to document their life, culture, and problems. Some of these monographs are:
358:, and in due time Jalal was to travel there, exerting himself actively for the welfare of the villagers and devoting to them the first of his
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1346:"Message to the Pilgrims" (Message sent to Iranian pilgrims on Hajj in Saudi Arabia from Khomeini in exile in Najaf) February 6, 1971,
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presented yearly since 2008. Every year, an award is given to the best Iranian authors on the birthday of the renowned Persian writer
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385:." He describes his family as a religious family in the autobiographical sketch that published after his death in 1967.
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Hendelman-Baavur, Liora, "The Odyssey of Jalal Al-Ahmad's Gharbzadegi - Five Decades After," in Kamran Talattof ed.,
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and variously translated in English as weststruckness, westoxification and occidentosis - in a book by the same name
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Persian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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penetrating to the depths of towns and villages throughout the Muslim world, displacing the culture of the
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victories over the East." His criticism of Western technology and mechanization was influenced, through
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Boroujerdi, Mehrzad. Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism. 1996. p.187
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Boroujerdi, Mehrzad. Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism. 1996. p.65
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Many of his novels, including the first two in the list above, have been translated into English.
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power of the West. The critique is centered on the concept of westoxication. Al-e Ahmad attacks
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1447:"Homa Katouzian on Khalil Maleki | Part 2: Debunking Conspiracy Theory - Tehran Bureau"
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Winning Revolutions: The Psychosocial Dynamics of Revolts for Freedom, Fairness, and Rights
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in 1944 but returned home very quickly. He became "acquainted with the speech and words of
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Muslims in Modern Turkey: Kemalism, Modernism and the Revolt of the Islamic Intellectuals
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In "a short but prolific career", his writings "came to fill over thirty-five volumes."
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The Great Satan Vs. the Mad Mullahs: How the United States and Iran Demonize Each Other
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416:. Jalal and Simin were infertile, a topic that was reflected in some of Jalal's works.
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Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left
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novelist, short-story writer, translator, philosopher, socio-political critic,
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who was "one of the earliest and most prominent of contemporary Iranian
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296:; December 2, 1923 – September 9, 1969) was a prominent
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Shi'i Reformation in Iran: The Life and Theology of Shari'at Sangelaji
1088:"All written relics of Jalal / the author who is not tired of writing"
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Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism
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Persian Language, Literature and Culture: New Leaves, Fresh Looks
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Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini
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Iranian novelist, short-story writer, translator and philosopher
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Avideh Mayville, "The Religious Ideology of Reform in Iran" in
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1525:" “War Road” author not surprised over lucrative Jalal award"
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as another seminal philosophical influence. There was also
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1560:, Iran Radio Culture, IRIB World Service, August 17, 2011.
427:. Commons and his wife, Simin, believe he was poisoned by
1031:, "Politics of Culture in Iran", Routledge (2006), p. 114
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The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran
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The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran
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intellectual discourse and the politics of modernization
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The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran
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The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran
670:) are usually cultural, social, and political issues,
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Reinventing Khomeini: The Struggle for Reform in Iran
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Al-e-Ahmad is perhaps most famous for using the term
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1551:"5000 works compete in 4th Jalal Al-e Ahmad Award"
945:The Jalal Al-e Ahmad Literary Award is an Iranian
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622:Tudeh Party, one of the component parties of the
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962:in 2005, the first award was presented in 2008.
690:for supporting promising Iranian intellectuals.
1652:Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation politicians
1330:(London and NY: Routledge, 2015), pp. 258-286.
83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1436:Vol. 38 No. 4 · 18 February 2016 pages 11-12.
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1304:, Syracuse University Press (1996), pp. 68-69
643:1988 Iranian stamp honoring Jalal Al-e-Ahmad.
511:, to whom Jalal ascribes a major part in the
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1019:, University of Chicago Press (2008), p. 181
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543:and became part of the ideology of the 1979
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1047:, University of Chicago Press, 2001, p.65
1667:League of Iranian Socialists politicians
1647:20th-century Iranian short story writers
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1218:"Photograph of Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's grave"
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1472:. University of Michigan. p. 103.
1283:Al-e Ahmad patrimony in Tehran obtained
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610:. They formed an alternative party the
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1420:, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p.291
1407:, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p.290
1198:, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p.289
1153:, One World, Oxford, 1985, 2000, p.288
1072:, "Introduction" in Jalal Al-e Ahmad,
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322:" – producing a holistic ideological
655:. In this sense, he is a follower of
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516:its initial symptoms and details its
1470:Greater Iran: A 20th-century Odyssey
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1383:. Cambridge University. p. 96.
1315:Occidentosis: A Plague From the West
1074:Occidentosis: A Plague From the West
484:Occidentosis: A Plague from the West
467:Occidentosis: A Plague From the West
401:but quit before he had defended his
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1677:Iranian Writers Association members
960:Supreme Cultural Revolution Council
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206:Writer, social and political critic
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1687:20th-century Iranian philosophers
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326:"which combined strong themes of
1617:Iranian male short story writers
1510:. Restless Books. Archived from
982:Jalal Al-e Ahmad Literary Awards
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953:. The top winner receives 110
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618:He later helped found the pro-
443:Gharbzadegi: "Westoxification"
95:{{Translated|fa|جلال آل احمد}}
93:You may also add the template
1:
1468:Frye, Richard Nelson (2005).
987:
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405:in 1951. In 1950, he married
388:In 1946 he earned an M.A. in
1682:20th-century anthropologists
1123:Ali Rahnema (3 March 2016).
7:
1657:Tudeh Party of Iran members
1317:, Mizan Press (1984), p. 25
1076:, Mizan Press (1984), p. 31
1003:, I.B.Tauris (2008), p. 177
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312:". He popularized the term
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1496:, Routledge (2013), p. 269
1434:The London Review of Books
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830:, the unique pearl of the
531:"The poisonous culture of
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57:Machine translation, like
1672:20th-century male writers
1367:, ABC-CLIO (2013), p. 311
1288:October 13, 2012, at the
1129:. Routledge. p. 54.
863:A Journey to the Land of
615:over intellectual life."
559:Discourse of authenticity
527:, who wrote in 1971 that
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373:. He went to Seminary of
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38:the corresponding article
1431:'Israel’s Putinisation,'
1058:Islam: Origin and Belief
915:Return from the U.S.S.R.
790:"Hurried investigations"
765:"The Chinese flower pot"
628:1953 Iranian coup d'état
1637:Politicians from Tehran
1632:Iranian anthropologists
1581:University of Minnesota
793:"Plagued by the West" (
730:The Cursing of the Land
661:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
659:Persian novelists like
478:, originally coined by
164:Sublime State of Persia
104:For more guidance, see
1642:20th-century novelists
1622:Iranian travel writers
1607:Iranian male novelists
1508:"The Israeli Republic"
1377:Ali Mirsepasi (2000).
1241:. Iran Chamber society
1167:. Encyclopædia Iranica
759:"Someone else's child"
644:
601:along with his mentor
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365:". He was a cousin of
261:(1950−1969, his death)
1492:Dr Stephanie Cronin,
972:Gholam-Hossein Sā'edi
678:On the invitation of
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447:Further information:
106:Knowledge:Translation
77:copyright attribution
1627:Iranian sociologists
1538:, November 20, 2011.
1449:. PBS. 16 April 2012
1300:Mehrzad Boroujerdi,
876:A Journey to America
735:A Stone upon a Grave
725:The Tale of Beehives
715:The School Principal
324:critique of the West
1506:Al-e Ahmad, Jalal.
1262:"Al-i Ahmad, Jalal"
1165:"ĀL-E AḤMAD, JALĀL"
858:A Journey to Europe
853:A Journey to Russia
709:Novels and novellas
680:Richard Nelson Frye
547:, which emphasized
1697:Iranian socialists
1556:2012-04-07 at the
1530:2011-11-27 at the
1514:on 9 January 2014.
1313:Jalal Al-e Ahmad,
1224:. 9 December 2010.
1086:8 September 2016.
892:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
762:"Pink nail-polish"
756:"Of our suffering"
697:(father of modern
684:Harvard University
647:Al-e-Ahmad used a
645:
593:Political activism
545:Iranian Revolution
465:Jalal Al-e Ahmad,
395:Persian literature
390:Persian literature
342:Jalal was born in
85:interlanguage link
1692:Muslim socialists
1612:Iranian novelists
1573:Al-i Ahmad, Jalal
1416:Mottahedeh, Roy,
1403:Mottahedeh, Roy,
1194:Mottahedeh, Roy,
1149:Mottahedeh, Roy,
1029:Nematollah Fazeli
1013:William O. Beeman
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951:Jalal Al-e Ahmad
910:Jean-Paul Sartre
774:"The Pilgrimage"
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320:Occidentosis
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294:جلال آلاحمد
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186:Pahlavi Iran
176:(1969-09-09)
129:جلال آلاحمد
118:
81:edit summary
72:
43:
35:
1602:1969 deaths
1597:1923 births
1264:. angelfire
1070:Hamid Algar
955:Bahar Azadi
888:The Gambler
845:A Straw in
839:Travelogues
796:Gharbzadegi
695:Nima Yushij
657:avant-garde
599:Tudeh Party
553:Ahmadinejad
533:imperialism
493:existential
476:Gharbzadegi
449:Gharbzadegi
315:gharbzadegi
302:sociologist
245:(1952–1953)
242:Third Force
237:(1951–1952)
229:(1948–1951)
226:Third Force
221:(1945–1948)
218:Tudeh Party
193:Nationality
1591:Categories
1390:0521650003
1043:Brumberg,
988:References
924:Rhinoceros
919:André Gide
897:L'Etranger
819:people of
804:Monographs
720:By the Pen
668:monographs
649:colloquial
608:Azerbaijan
363:monographs
352:Mazandaran
350:bordering
152:1923-12-02
40:in Persian
812:"Owrazan"
651:style in
620:Mossadegh
612:Socialist
583:modernity
577:with the
568:hegemonic
513:genealogy
501:Heidegger
458:consumers
425:Ray, Iran
267:Signature
99:talk page
1554:Archived
1528:Archived
1286:Archived
1104:cite web
1090:. Tasnim
966:See also
672:symbolic
525:Khomeini
518:etiology
488:critique
414:novelist
75:provide
1363:(ed.),
579:concept
572:secular
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290:Persian
197:Iranian
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160:Tehran
847:Mecca
777:"Sin"
751:setar
749:"The
653:prose
499:, by
429:SAVAK
375:Najaf
59:DeepL
1474:ISBN
1455:2013
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1332:ISBN
1270:2016
1247:2016
1173:2016
1131:ISBN
1110:link
1096:2016
332:Marx
330:and
171:Died
146:Born
73:must
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