James Callaghan - Knowledge

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was a year of economic recovery for Britain, with inflation falling to single digits, unemployment declining during the year from a peak of 1.5 million in the third quarter of 1977, to 1.3 million a year later, and general living standards going up by more than 8%. Famously, he strung along the opposition and was expected to make his declaration of election in a broadcast on 7 September 1978. Instead he announced that the election would be delayed until the following year, which was met with almost universal surprise. His decision not to call an election was seen by many as a sign of his dominance of the political scene and he ridiculed his opponents by singing old-time music hall star

2220: 2208: 2096: 1607: 1977: 1151: 2889: 5618: 5601: 56: 1811:, actions which most economists deemed necessary to take the heat out of the balance and sterling deficit. In line with Labour's manifesto commitments, the budget also contained social measures to increase the state pension and the widows pension; measures which were disliked by the City and speculators, causing a run on the pound. On 23 November, it was decided to increase the bank rate from 2% to 7%, which generated a large amount of criticism. Handling the situation was made more difficult by the attitude of 1952:, Callaghan wrote that introducing the Commonwealth Immigrants Bill had been an unwelcome task but that he did not regret it. He said the Asians had "discovered a loophole" and he told a BBC interviewer: "Public opinion in this country was extremely agitated, and the consideration that was in my mind was how we could preserve a proper sense of order in this country and, at the same time, do justice to these people – I had to balance both considerations". An opponent of the Act, Conservative MP 10453: 9894: 3036: 1477:; within a year of joining he became the office secretary of the union. In 1932 he passed a Civil Service exam which enabled him to become a senior tax officer, and that same year he became the Kent branch secretary of the AOT. The following year he was elected to the AOT's national executive council. In 1934, he was transferred to Inland Revenue offices in London. Following a merger of unions in 1936, Callaghan was appointed a full-time union official and to the post of assistant secretary of the 2880:, who lost his belief in God while he was working as a trade union official. His son Michael Callaghan disagrees: "My father, Jim Callaghan, was brought up as a practising Baptist and as a young man was a Sunday school teacher. As a young man embracing socialism he had difficulties reconciling his new beliefs with the teachings of his church, but he was persuaded to stay in his Baptist chapel. Incidentally, the title of his autobiography is 'Time and Chance', a quote from Ecclesiastes 9:11." 3165: 885: 939: 2462: 3043: 1062: 3153: 11382: 10977: 7177: 6520: 10989: 3177: 4495: 4500: 1909:, which caused a major problem. Callaghan replied that he had "nothing to add or subtract from, anything I have said on previous occasions on the subject of devaluation"... Speculators seized on the fact that he had not denied there would be a devaluation and started selling Sterling. Over the next 24 hours, the flight from Sterling cost the country £1,500 million. The situation was a great political controversy at the time. As 6309: 2763:"If it were to become necessary or vital, it would have meant the deterrent had failed, because the value of the nuclear weapon is frankly only as a deterrent", he said. "But if we had got to that point, where it was, I felt, necessary to do it, then I would have done it. I've had terrible doubts, of course, about this. I say to you, if I had lived after having pressed that button, I could never, ever have forgiven myself." 3129: 2979:. They point to his decision in 1976 to allow the IMF to control the government budget. They accuse him of abandoning the traditional Labour commitment to full employment. They blame his rigorous pursuit of a policy of controlling income growth for the Winter of Discontent. Writers on the right of the Labour Party complained that he was a weak leader who was unable to stand up to the left. New Labour writers who admire 3141: 3117: 1891:

1967. However, rumours that devaluation was on the cards led to heavy selling of Sterling on world markets. Wilson and Callaghan refused a contingency fund offered from the IMF because of several conditions attached which they believed would allow the IMF to interfere with economic policy. On Wednesday 15 November, the historic decision was taken to commit the government to a 14.3% devaluation from the existing fixed

3105: 2272:, but this option was ultimately rejected. After tough negotiations the government was able to negotiate a reduction in the proposed public spending cuts from £5000 million to £1,500 million in the first year, and then £1000 million over the next two years. In the event, it turned out that the loan had not been necessary, as it was based on an overestimation of the 2189:; although he was the oldest candidate, he was also the most experienced and least divisive. Popularity with all parts of the Labour movement saw him through the ballot of Labour MPs to win the leadership vote. On 5 April 1976, at the age of 64 years and 9 days, Callaghan became prime minister – the oldest prime minister at time of appointment since 1843:. (It was actually not until 1971, under a Conservative government, that the United Kingdom moved from the system of pounds, shillings and pence to a decimal system of 100 pence to the pound.) He also announced a short-term mortgage scheme which allowed low-wage earners to maintain mortgage schemes in the face of economic difficulties. Soon afterwards, at the 2489:, which had been operating for four years with reasonable success. He gambled that a fifth year would further improve the economy and allow him to be re-elected in 1979, and so he attempted to hold pay rises to 5% or less. The trade unions rejected continued pay restraint and in a wave of widespread strikes over the winter of 1978–79 (known as the 1886:, announced an oil embargo against Britain, accusing it of intervening on the Israeli side in the conflict, resulting in a rise in oil prices which had a disastrous effect on the balance of payments. Furthermore, the economy was hit in mid-September when a national dock strike lasted for eight weeks. The final straw, however, was an 1835:

devalue it. Callaghan and Wilson, however, were again adamant that a devaluation of the pound would create new social and economic problems and continued to take a firm stance against it. The government continued to struggle both with the economy and with the slender majority which, by 1966, had been reduced to one. On 28 February,

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July Callaghan announced a ten-point emergency package to deal with the crisis which included further tax rises and a six-month freeze on wage increases. By early 1967, the economy had begun to stabilise once again with the balance of payments moving into equilibrium, the bank rate was reduced to 6% in March and 5.5% in May.

2051:" which sought to modify trade union law. Amongst its numerous proposals were plans to force unions to call a ballot before a strike was held and the establishment of an Industrial Board to enforce settlements in industrial disputes. If the proposals had become law, many of the activities of the trades unions during the 1804:

The outcry was so intense that it caused the government to announce that the surcharge was a temporary measure. Callaghan later admitted in his autobiography that he could have handled the matter better, and in his haste to tackle the balance of payments problem, had failed to consult foreign governments.

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Quarterly Vert and Azure, in the former a portcullis chained Or, in the latter a lymphad with an anchor at its prow and masted also Or, the sail set Argent, and pennants flying Gules, over all a fess Or, to the sinister thereof a grassy mount thereon a hurst of oak trees and issuing therefrom passant

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on 22 and 29 April 1979. At the insistence of the Liberal Party, their leader David Steel was also invited to take participate in the proposed debates, and he also quickly accepted the offer. However Thatcher ultimately rejected the approach to take part in the debates, citing among other reasons her

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If Wilson's record as prime minister was soon felt to have been one of failure, that sense of failure was powerfully reinforced by Callaghan's term as premier. Labour, it seemed, was incapable of positive achievements. It was unable to control inflation, unable to control the unions, unable to solve

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in January 1979, Callaghan was asked, "What is your general approach, in view of the mounting chaos in the country at the moment?" Callaghan replied, "Well, that's a judgement that you are making. I promise you that if you look at it from outside, and perhaps you're taking rather a parochial view at

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Just ten days after taking up his post, Callaghan immediately introduced a 15% surcharge on imports, with the exception of foodstuffs and raw materials. This measure was intended to tackle the balance of payments deficit; however, it caused an uproar amongst Britain's international trading partners.

1634:, by 17,489 votes to 11,545. He campaigned on such issues as the rapid demobilisation of the armed forces and for a new housing construction programme. He stood on the left wing of the Party, and was a vocal critic of the United States in 1945, joining 22 other rebels in voting against accepting the 2426:

Over the summer of 1978 most opinion polls showed Labour with a lead of up to five points, and the expectation grew that Callaghan would call an autumn election which would have given him a second term in office until autumn 1983. The economy had started to show signs of recovery by this time: 1978

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little choice but to ask the British government to intervene directly and send in troops, and it was as home secretary that Callaghan took the decision to deploy British Army troops in the province. In return Callaghan and Wilson demanded that various reforms be implemented in the province, such as

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report which suggested that the pound could not be sustained as a reserve currency and it was suggested again that the pound should be devalued. Callaghan responded by pointing out that, had it not been for the Middle East crisis, Britain would have been heading for a balance of payments surplus in

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called a national strike and the problems facing Sterling were multiplied. Additional strikes caused the balance of payments deficit to increase. However, a £3,300,000,000 loan from Swiss banks was due by the end of the year. On 14 July, the bank rate was increased again to seven percent, and on 20

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of sterling, partly due to the perception that the devaluation carried out by the previous Labour government in 1949 had contributed to that government's downfall. The alternative to devaluation, however, was a series of austerity measures designed to reduce demand in the economy in order to reduce

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tabled a motion concerning a rumour that Britain would be receiving a loan from banks. Callaghan did not wish to lie to the Commons, but at the same time going public about the devaluation decision before the 18th would be financially disastrous for the country. He answered the initial question by

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The Winter of Discontent saw Labour's performance in the opinion polls slump dramatically. They had topped most of the pre-winter opinion polls by several points, but in February 1979 at least one opinion poll was showing the Conservatives 20 points ahead of Labour and it appeared inevitable that

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Callaghan's failure to call an election during 1978 was later widely seen as a political miscalculation; indeed, he himself later admitted that not calling an election was an error of judgement. However, private polling by the Labour Party in the autumn of 1978 had shown the two main parties with

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Nowadays exchange rates can swing to and fro continually by amount greater than that, without attracting much attention outside the City columns of the newspapers. It may be difficult to understand how great a political humiliation this devaluation appeared at the time—above all to Wilson and his

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In July, the pound came under extreme pressure and Callaghan was forced to create harsh temporary measures to demonstrate control of the economy. These include delaying all current government building projects and postponing new pension plans. The alternative was to allow the pound to float or to

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His second budget came on 6 April 1965, in which he announced efforts to deflate the economy and reduce home import demand by £250,000,000. Shortly afterwards, the bank rate was reduced from 7% down to 6%. For a brief time, the economy and British financial market stabilised, allowing in June for

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that he would not devalue, something he later said was necessary to maintain confidence in the pound and avoid creating jitters in the financial markets. Callaghan immediately offered his resignation as chancellor, and increasing political opposition forced Wilson to accept it. Wilson then moved

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to be elected Leader of the Labour Party; he was appointed prime minister on 5 April 1976. Despite winning a narrow majority in the House of Commons at the 1974 election, Labour had lost this by the time Callaghan became prime minister, and several by-election defeats and defections in his early

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at the time, to deal with complaints of discrimination and unfair attitudes. It also set up a new supervisory body, the Community Relations Commission, to promote "harmonious community relations". Presenting the Bill to Parliament, Callaghan said: "The House has rarely faced an issue of greater

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The portcullis on green represents his parliamentary career. The colour green also refers his farming interests. The wolf and oak trees are taken from the arms of the Irish Callaghan sept. The lymphad (ship) represents his naval service in the Second World War and his family's naval links. His

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returned a narrow majority in favour, but failed to reach the required threshold of 40% of the electorate in support. When the Labour government duly refused to push ahead with setting up the proposed Scottish Assembly, the SNP withdrew its support for the government: this finally brought the

2611:"You know there are times, perhaps once every thirty years, when there is a sea-change in politics. It then does not matter what you say or what you do. There is a shift in what the public wants and what it approves of. I suspect there is now such a sea change and it is for Mrs Thatcher." 2276:: The government only had to draw on half of the loan, and it was paid back in full by 1979. By 1978, the economic situation showed signs of improvement, with unemployment falling, and inflation falling to single digits. Healey was able to introduce an expansionary budget in April 1978. 1233:

in 1947, and began to move increasingly towards the right wing of the Labour Party, while maintaining his reputation as a "Keeper of the Cloth Cap" – that is, seen as maintaining close ties between Labour and the trade unions. Following Labour's defeat at the

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of $ 2.80 to the pound, to $ 2.40 to the pound. They intended to announce the decision publicly on the 18th. However, in the run up to the public announcement, Callaghan found himself in a tricky situation when answering questions in the House of Commons: One backbencher

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on trunk roads. Callaghan did not oppose the government's use of emergency powers to break dockers strikes in both 1948 and 1949, however he sympathised with the feelings of ordinary dockers and wrote to Attlee to protest over how the Dock Labour Scheme was operated.

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Chancellor, Jim Callaghan, who felt he must resign over it. Callaghan's personal distress was increased by a careless answer he gave to a backbencher's question two days before the formal devaluation. This cost Britain several hundred million pounds.

1152: 1415:. As the Catholic Church at the time refused to marry Catholics to members of other denominations, James Callaghan senior abandoned Catholicism and married Charlotte in a Baptist chapel. Their first child was Dorothy Gertrude Callaghan (1904–82). 1771:, had initiated fiscally expansionary measures which had helped create a pre-election economic boom; by greatly increasing domestic demand this had caused imports to grow much faster than exports, thus when Labour entered government they faced a 1956:, said that it was "brought in to keep the blacks out. If it had been the case that it was 5,000 white settlers who were coming in, the newspapers and politicians, Callaghan included, who were making all the fuss would have been quite pleased". 2744:

One young woman in her mid-twenties rang up Jim Callaghan and said to him on the phone, "Have you ever thought of being a bit more active in politics?" So Callaghan said, "Well I was a Labour Prime Minister – what more could I

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group of left-wing Labour MPs, but he did sign a letter in 1947 with 20 other MPs from the group calling for a 'socialist foreign policy' which would create an alternative to the capitalism of the United States and the totalitarianism of the

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Callaghan introduced his next Budget on 4 May. He had informed the house that he would bring a full Budget to the House when he made his 'little budget' speech prior to the election. The main point of his budget was the introduction of a

1819:, who argued against the fiscal policies of the new Labour government. When Callaghan and Wilson threatened to call a new general election, the governor soon raised a £3,000,000,000 loan to stabilise the reserves and the deficit. 2627:

to be elected as his successor. During Callaghan's 17 month stint as opposition leader, the Labour Party was torn apart by factional struggles between the left and right of the party. In the event, the left succeeded in electing

5110: 2023:, such as reforms to the voting franchise, and a reform of local government boundaries and housing allocations. Although the troops were initially welcomed by Northern Ireland's Catholics, by early 1970 this had soured, and the 2875:

Although there is much doubt about how much belief Callaghan retained into adult life, the Baptist nonconformist ethic was a profound influence throughout all of his public and private life. It is claimed that Callaghan was an

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would soon inundate the country. It passed through the Commons in a week and placed entry controls on holders of British passports who had "no substantial connection" with Britain by setting up a new system. In his memoirs

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Barely two years after beginning his second spell as prime minister, Wilson announced his surprise resignation on 16 March 1976, and unofficially endorsed Callaghan as his successor. Callaghan was the favourite to win the

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Callaghan was the only prime minister to have held all three leading Cabinet positions – chancellor of the exchequer, home secretary and foreign secretary – prior to becoming prime minister.

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A Sea-Dragon sejant Gules, langued and scaled Or, its tail Or, scaled Gules, the dorsal fin Gules, gorged with a Mural Crown Or, masoned Gules, supporting to the front with the fin of the dexter foreleg a Portcullis

1698:, Callaghan, who was popular with Labour MPs, was elected to the Shadow Cabinet, he would serve on the party's front bench for the next 29 years, either in opposition of in government. He was now associated with the 5623: 1452:

In his early years, Callaghan was known by his first name Leonard. When he entered politics in 1945 he decided to be known by his middle name James, and from then on he was referred to as James or Jim. He attended

1441:, but he died only two years later of a heart attack in 1921 at the age of 44, leaving the family without an income and forced to rely on charity to survive. Their financial situation was improved in 1924 when the 3018:

with the Common Market, unable even to maintain itself in power until it could go to the country at the date of its own choosing. It was little wonder, therefore, that Mrs Thatcher resoundingly defeated it in

1457:. He gained the Senior Oxford Certificate in 1929, but could not afford entrance to university and instead sat the Civil Service entrance exam. At the age of 17, Callaghan left to work as a clerk for the 2360:

agreement with the trade unions. Although the public spending cuts after 1976 made it more difficult for the government to deliver the increased benefits which had been promised as part of the package.

14343: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 3639: 15408: 3813: 2260:. The IMF demanded large cuts in public spending in return for the loan, which caused consternation among Labour's supporters. The Cabinet was split on the issue, and the left of the party led by 3081:

family's naval links are further represented in the crest by the sea-dragon. It is also inspired the Welsh dragon, which in turn refers to the port of Cardiff, which he represented in Parliament.

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is generally favourable – at least for the middle of his premiership – while admitting failures at the beginning, at the end, and in his leadership role following

1396:; as he was a year too young to enlist, he gave a false date of birth and changed his surname from Garogher to Callaghan so that his true identity could not be traced. He rose to the rate of 2279:

Callaghan was widely judged to have handled the IMF crisis skilfully, avoiding any resignations from the Cabinet, and negotiating much lower spending cuts than had been originally demanded.

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In the immediate aftermath of the election defeat, Callaghan wanted to resign as leader, but was persuaded to stay on in the hope that he would provide some stability, and ease the way for

2406:. This discussion led to greater involvement of the government, through its ministries, in the curriculum and administration of state education, leading to the eventual introduction of the 1261:, Wilson appointed Callaghan as Chancellor of the Exchequer; this appointment coincided with a turbulent period for the British economy, during which Callaghan had to tackle both a chronic 2352:

Callaghan's time as prime minister saw broad continuation of the policies which Labour had adopted since it had been elected in 1974 under Wilson. Callaghan continued the policies of the "

9001: 2493:) secured higher pay. The industrial unrest made his government unpopular, and Callaghan's response to one interview question only made it worse. Returning to the United Kingdom from the 2771:

that he would not be surprised to be considered as Britain's worst prime minister in 200 years. He also said in this interview that he "must carry the can" for the Winter of Discontent.

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until November 1980. He attempted to reform the process by which Labour elected its leader. After leaving the leadership, he returned to the backbench, and between 1983 and 1987 was

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to the hospital, was going to expire at the end of that year, 1987 (50 years after Barrie's death, the then-current copyright term). In 1988, Callaghan moved an amendment to the

15288: 15209: 6556: 2337: 2850:, whom he had met when they both worked as Sunday School teachers at the local Baptist church, in July 1938 and had three children – one son and two daughters. 2120: 1571:, who received eleven. Callaghan had been encouraged to put his name forward for the Cardiff South seat by his friend Dai Kneath, a member of the IRSF National executive from 1306: 1061: 996: 448: 10419: 2918:

and kidney failure, the day before his 93rd birthday. He died just 11 days after his wife of 67 years, who had spent the last four years of her life in a nursing home due to

2730:, then under consideration in the House of Lords, to grant the hospital a right to royalty in perpetuity despite the lapse of copyright, and it was passed by the government. 14131: 14793: 9860: 9071: 4875: 1839:

formally announced an election for 31 March 1966. On 1 March, Callaghan gave a 'little budget' to the Commons and announced the historic decision that the UK would adopt

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to their respective constituent countries in return for their supporting the government. When referendums for Scottish and Welsh devolution were held in March 1979 the

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His contribution and legacy are still contested. The left-wing of the Labour Party considers him a traitor whose betrayals of true socialism laid the foundations for

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in April 1944. As of 2024, Callaghan remains the last British prime minister to be an armed forces veteran and the only one ever to have served in the Royal Navy.

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campaign, Callaghan was telephoned by a volunteer at Labour headquarters asking him if he would be willing to become more active in the party. According to Benn:

236: 15423: 12795: 9246: 8961: 8475: 8214: 8014: 6398: 5714: 1671: 685: 573: 4644: 15548: 11868: 3943: 3636: 2759:, Callaghan became the only prime minister to go on record with his opinion on ordering a retaliation in the event of a nuclear attack on the United Kingdom: 5578: 3802: 14334: 6671: 6643: 6472: 5779: 4783: 4671: 2572: 2564: 2164:

to the islands, in order to send a message to Argentina that Britain would defend them. Seven years later, in 1982, Callaghan criticised the government of

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which gave him responsibility for renegotiating the terms of the United Kingdom's membership of the Common Market. When the talks concluded, Callaghan led

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the Irish problem, unable to solve the Rhodesian question, unable to secure its proposals for Welsh and Scottish devolution, unable to reach a popular

1469:. While working at the Inland Revenue, Callaghan joined the Maidstone branch of the Labour Party and the Association of the Officers of Taxes (AOT), a 3283: 2074:

Callaghan initially became Shadow Home Secretary, later becoming Shadow Foreign Secretary. In 1973 after an approach from the Conservative Chancellor

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in the same year, making it illegal to refuse employment, housing or education on the basis of ethnic background. The Act extended the powers of the

1086: 1281:. In the wake of the decision, Wilson moved Callaghan to the role of Home Secretary. During this time, Callaghan was responsible for overseeing the 14786: 14080: 13615: 12509: 12489: 11616: 10681: 10666: 10651: 10641: 9944: 9081: 8978: 8908: 8858: 8843: 8778: 8763: 8753: 7734: 7714: 6943: 6922: 6908: 6740: 6685: 6130: 5290:

Hopkins, Stephen. "The memoir writing of the Wilson and Callaghan governments: The Labour Party and constitutional policy in Northern Ireland." in

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under the headline "Crisis? What Crisis?". Callaghan also later admitted in regard to the Winter of Discontent that he had "let the country down".

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after 42 years as an MP. He was one of the last remaining MPs elected in the Labour landslide of 1945. Shortly afterwards, he was elevated to the

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for writing a book critical of him. Amin agreed to release Hills on the condition that Callaghan appeared in person to take him back to the UK.

15274: 15195: 13555: 11026: 10449: 10084: 9201: 7180: 6542: 2003: 1510:, in 1940, Callaghan applied to join the Royal Navy, but was initially turned down on the basis that a Trade Union official was deemed to be a 14602: 10189: 9646: 7214: 6569: 5907: 4526: 4419: 3584: 2559: 2108: 1298: 9890: 2615:

After losing power in 1979, Labour spent the next 18 years in opposition, pejoratively described as the period in wilderness for the party.

1238:, Callaghan increasingly became regarded as a leader of the right wing of the Labour Party, and stood for the positions of deputy leader in 15543: 14444: 14117: 13970: 13296: 13288: 13280: 13272: 13264: 13259: 13251: 13246: 13238: 13230: 13222: 13217: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13191: 13183: 13175: 13170: 13162: 10576: 10556: 10134: 10029: 9611: 9181: 6838: 6362: 2292: 1703: 1239: 1209:, Callaghan left school early and began his career as a tax inspector, before becoming a trade union official in the 1930s. He served as a 4224: 2798:

One of his final public appearances came on 29 April 2002, when shortly after his 90th birthday, he sat alongside the then-Prime Minister

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Silverwood, James, and Peter Wolstencroft. "The Ruskin Speech and Great Debate in English education, 1976–1979: A study of motivation."

4316: 4285: 4054: 2990:, a senior official in his government, depicts Callaghan as a strong and efficient administrator who stood heads above his predecessor 2774: 2498:

the moment, I don't think that other people in the world would share the view that there is mounting chaos." This reply was reported in

1847:, Labour won 363 seats compared to 252 seats against the Conservatives, giving the Labour government an increased majority of 97 seats. 1301:, Wilson appointed Callaghan as Foreign Secretary. Callaghan was responsible for renegotiating the terms of Britain's membership of the 15628: 15218: 13142: 13137: 13129: 13121: 13113: 13092: 13084: 13076: 13060: 13010: 11863: 11721: 11544: 11104: 10691: 10661: 10581: 10571: 10561: 10049: 9882: 9726: 9566: 9370: 8954: 8808: 8357: 8327: 8207: 6859: 6845: 6388: 6367: 6166: 5789: 5652: 3400: 2633: 2365: 1715: 1619: 1564: 1503:. Laski encouraged him to stand for Parliament, although later he requested several times that Callaghan study and lecture at the LSE. 1243: 697: 4816: 1012: 15478: 15438: 14632: 14354: 13550: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 12584: 12569: 12519: 10536: 10179: 10144: 10129: 9360: 8918: 8863: 8853: 8352: 8223: 7809: 7794: 7744: 6615: 6275: 6071: 5139:

Byrne, Christopher, Nick Randall, and Kevin Theakston. "The Collapse of Keynesian Welfarism 1970–1979: Heath, Wilson, Callaghan." in

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in 1921, Harold Wilson's Labour government preferred not to intervene in the affairs of Northern Ireland. However in August 1969,

1325:. While this initially proved stable, in the wake of significant industrial disputes and widespread strikes in the 1978–79 " 14637: 14592: 13291: 12253: 11676: 11494: 11249: 10501: 10294: 10239: 9969: 9959: 9851: 9606: 9581: 8913: 8367: 7478: 6754: 6594: 2727: 2415: 1710:) agreeing with him on this policy, he forced Brown to a second vote. In November 1961, Callaghan became Shadow Chancellor. When 4586: 2983:, identify him with the old-style partisanship that was a dead end, and which a new generation of modernisers had to repudiate. 2364:

Despite its lack of Parliamentary majority, Callaghan's government was able to carry out a number of reforms in many areas (see

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On 11 November, Callaghan gave his first budget and announced increases in income tax, petrol tax and the introduction of a new

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as an Ordinary Seaman in 1942. While he trained for his promotion, his medical examination revealed that he was suffering from

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wing of the party on the Labour right, although he avoided joining any faction. He ran for the Deputy Leadership of the party

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Morgan, Kenneth O. "United Kingdom: a comparative case study of labour prime ministers Attlee, Wilson, Callaghan and Blair."

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In 1969, Callaghan, a strong supporter of the Labour–Trade Union link, led the successful opposition in a divided cabinet to

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in Callaghan on 28 March 1979. Although remaining personally popular in opinion polls, Callaghan led Labour to defeat at the

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Practically all commentators agree that Callaghan made a serious mistake by not calling an election in the autumn of 1978.

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Dorey, Peter. "‘Should I stay or should I go?’: James Callaghan's decision not to call an autumn 1978 general election".

3249:, 1997, p. 5: "His father's mother was Elizabeth Bernstein, from Sheffield; he was, therefore, a quarter Jewish as well." 2332: 2273: 1330: 1027: 3214: 14140: 12917: 12732: 12464: 12028: 11726: 11349: 11284: 11019: 10636: 10621: 10511: 10506: 10491: 9516: 9416: 9206: 9196: 8136: 7951: 7689: 7253: 5833: 4254: 2394:

During his first year in office, Callaghan started what has since become known as 'The Great Debate', when he spoke at

1981: 1812: 884: 455: 5105:

Ashton, Nigel. "‘A Local Terrorist Made Good’: the Callaghan government and the Arab–Israeli peace process, 1977–79".

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belief that the election was for a government, not a president. Her refusal meant that the debates did not go ahead.

1655: 1158: 1103: 41: 4454: 4377: 15448: 15243: 15230: 14697: 14582: 14538: 14226: 14013: 13842: 13690: 13194: 13100: 12369: 12208: 12110: 12084: 11846: 11564: 11204: 11169: 11139: 11099: 11074: 10796: 10741: 9964: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9171: 8560: 8510: 7594: 7433: 7335: 7309: 6477: 6346: 6298: 6123: 5799: 5632: 4636: 2328: 2202: 1940: 1707: 1349:. The 1979 defeat marked the beginning of 18 years in opposition for the Labour Party, the longest in its history. 1247: 1218: 1072: 1042: 1032: 484: 20: 3935: 15518: 15488: 13910: 12524: 12008: 11798: 11602: 11406: 11344: 11319: 11159: 10434: 10109: 10099: 10089: 9490: 9311: 9254: 9236: 9161: 9106: 8868: 7749: 7233: 7223: 5740: 2607:

During the 1979 election campaign, Callaghan detected a sea-change in public opinion, which he privately opined:

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Callaghan's time as prime minister was dominated by the troubles in running a government with a minority in the

1593:, he returned, along with other prospective candidates, to the United Kingdom to stand in the general election. 15463: 13646: 12857: 12339: 11716: 11656: 11464: 11264: 11229: 11149: 11119: 10726: 10611: 10596: 10209: 10169: 10159: 10024: 9875: 9681: 9484: 8793: 8718: 8317: 8284: 8274: 8264: 8076: 7564: 6866: 6824: 6052: 2819: 2373: 1110: 45: 14863: 2474: 1855:, penalising the service industry and favouring the manufacturing industry. Twelve days after the budget, the 15608: 15603: 15598: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 13625: 13225: 12379: 12298: 12218: 12178: 11741: 11239: 11164: 11134: 11012: 10551: 10204: 10104: 10034: 9601: 9586: 9146: 8382: 7604: 7523: 7443: 7403: 6629: 6268: 6103: 3133: 2265: 2116: 1868: 14109: 5376:

Labours old and new: the parliamentary right of the British Labour Party 1970–79 and the roots of New Labour

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and Chris Cook have summarised the general consensus of historians regarding Labour in power in the 1970s:

2941: 2900: 2709: 2303:, forced to do deals with smaller parties in order to govern. An arrangement negotiated in March 1977 with 2296: 1515: 607: 5482: 4080: 2315:, lasted until August the following year. Deals were then forged with various small parties including the 15623: 15443: 15428: 14682: 13980: 12574: 12429: 11244: 11189: 11079: 11039: 11034: 10521: 9919: 9380: 9322: 9116: 8970: 8648: 8244: 7799: 7654: 6782: 6664: 6096: 5860: 3565: 2253: 2236:

Callaghan came to office at a troubled time for the British economy, which was still recovering from the

2079: 1999: 1828: 1764: 1763:

immediately faced economic problems; Wilson acted within his first hours to appoint Callaghan as the new

1523: 1454: 1430: 1187: 873: 340: 1626:(and would hold a Cardiff-area seat continuously until his retirement in 1987). He defeated the sitting 13945: 13641: 12712: 12324: 11791: 11686: 11469: 11399: 11209: 11084: 11054: 10427: 10064: 7931: 7549: 6041: 5556: 4804: 3095: 1706:

as an opponent of unilateral nuclear disarmament, and despite the other candidate of the Labour right (

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Rogers, Chris. "Economic policy and the problem of sterling under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan."

4838: 3002:'s victory. The treatment found in most textbooks and surveys of the period remains largely negative. 1678:, where he supported plans for economic co-operation but resisted plans for a European army. When the 15613: 13955: 13722: 11751: 11144: 9868: 9096: 8928: 5641: 4752: 2596: 2486: 2353: 1931:, the home secretary, to be chancellor; Callaghan became the new home secretary on 30 November 1967. 1631: 1286: 1278: 724: 406: 5188: 5003:

Report of the Society of the Friends of St George's and the Descendants of the Knights of the Garter

1823:

Callaghan to visit the United States and to discuss the state of the British economy with President

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The Labour Party won the overdue general election in a landslide victory on 26 July 1945, bringing

8192: 5517: 4609: 4518: 4411: 1976: 1730:, who wanted to prevent Wilson from being elected leader but who also did not trust George Brown. 1682:

broke out in 1950, Callaghan was given responsibility for deciding how the money allocated to the

1445:

was elected, and introduced changes allowing Mrs Callaghan to be granted a widow's pension of ten

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Thomas, James. "‘Bound in by history’: The Winter of Discontent in British politics, 1979–2004."

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emerged, and embarked on what became a decades long violent campaign during what became known as

2016: 1960: 1744: 1627: 1446: 1442: 1334: 1230: 991: 14530: 2933:

Lord Callaghan was cremated, and his ashes were scattered in a flowerbed around the base of the

2888: 1484:

During his time working in the Inland Revenue in the early 1930s, Callaghan met his future wife

1406: 13915: 13883: 11154: 10069: 9989: 9531: 9141: 6534: 2919: 2755: 2402:, about the 'legitimate concerns' of the public about the quality of education in the nation's 2095: 1984: 1776: 1606: 1567:: he narrowly won the local party ballot with twelve votes, against the next highest candidate 1183: 14973: 14958: 14923: 5607: 4201: 3710: 1364:

as Baron Callaghan of Cardiff. He died in 2005 at the age of 92, and remains to date the UK's

15073: 15068: 14577: 14561: 14374: 13743: 11933: 11214: 10992: 10786: 9166: 8986: 5988: 5914: 5339:

Marsh, Steve. "Wilson, Callaghan and the management of Anglo-American relations, 1974-1976."

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some ten years later. Early in his premiership he caused controversy with the appointment of

1943:, a controversial piece of legislation prompted by Conservative assertions that an influx of 1748: 420: 3396: 1575:, who was in turn an associate and friend of the local Labour Party secretary, Bill Headon. 15593: 15398: 15393: 15093: 14983: 14085: 13905: 13888: 13832: 13727: 11094: 9954: 9474: 9046: 9031: 8303: 8289: 6467: 6462: 6426: 4808: 3189: 2858: 2490: 2456: 2411: 2384: 2340:

in Callaghan's government that was lost by a single vote on 28 March 1979, necessitating a

2245: 2158: 2052: 1995: 1964: 1639: 1423: 1326: 1302: 1274: 1022: 32: 15108: 4346: 1225:, and was regarded as being on the left wing of the Labour Party. He was appointed to the 8: 15098: 15023: 14750: 13975: 13940: 12789: 11975: 11294: 10244: 9676: 9656: 9395: 9385: 9066: 8470: 8008: 7020: 5472:

Crisis? what crisis? : the Callaghan government and the British winter of discontent

5075: 2952: 2663: 2552: 2407: 2300: 2207: 2124: 1772: 1663: 1635: 1538:. He was assigned to the Japanese section, and wrote a service manual for the Royal Navy 1511: 1397: 1290: 1262: 15266: 15187: 15048: 15038: 5566: 5221: 2312: 15123: 14918: 14813: 14597: 14389: 14035: 13763: 11928: 11422: 11279: 10711: 9721: 9641: 9626: 9616: 9350: 9338: 9328: 9300: 9056: 8397: 6971: 5683: 5386: 5332: 5167: 5164:

To build a New Jerusalem : the British Labour Party from Keir Hardie to Tony Blair

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near Portsmouth. After he recovered, he was discharged and assigned to duties with the

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49.4 (2023): 766-781 on Callaghan's speech at Ruskin College, Oxford in October 1976.

5416: 2439:

meeting. This was celebrated by the TUC but has since been interpreted as a moment of

1775:

deficit of £800,000,000 (equivalent to £20,477,320,000 in 2023), and an immediate

1563:

While on leave from the Navy, Callaghan was selected as a Parliamentary candidate for

15166: 15148: 15083: 14928: 14893: 14873: 14771: 14499: 14414: 14394: 14384: 14176: 13857: 13827: 11970: 11960: 11940: 11814: 11299: 11274: 10988: 10833: 10776: 10516: 10481: 10471: 10457: 10274: 10149: 9736: 9666: 9546: 9536: 9521: 9375: 9051: 8748: 8585: 8540: 8520: 8490: 8342: 8332: 8322: 8312: 8307: 8239: 7097: 7062: 7041: 7027: 6894: 6880: 6509: 6240: 6157: 6064: 6032: 5995: 5897: 5853: 5843: 5582: 5237:'A Rather Novel Constitutional Experiment': The Formation of the 1977–8 'Lib–Lab Pact 5040: 4964: 4578: 3871: 3672: 3242: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2815: 2807: 2783: 2580: 2403: 2388: 2190: 2165: 2112: 2100: 1901:

stating that he did not comment on rumours. However a follow-up question was made by

1824: 1808: 1768: 1675: 1650:

In October 1947 Callaghan got his first junior government job, when he was appointed

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during Labour's period in Opposition from 1970 to 1974; upon Labour's victory at the

1226: 1210: 1195: 1171: 970: 910: 816: 333: 269: 115: 5510:

Decline to Fall: The Making of British Macro-economic Policy and the 1976 IMF Crisis

5406: 5361: 4548: 4154: 2323:, prolonging the life of the government. The nationalist parties, in turn, demanded 1618:

to power, in charge of the first-ever majority Labour government. Callaghan won his

986: 15335: 14988: 14963: 14948: 14898: 14805: 14612: 14509: 14271: 14251: 13267: 13165: 13021: 13013: 12801: 12774: 12769: 12742: 12737: 12727: 12579: 12409: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12283: 12278: 12238: 12193: 12188: 12115: 12073: 12058: 12053: 12038: 12033: 12023: 11918: 11756: 11651: 11574: 11454: 10893: 10843: 10766: 10756: 10716: 10706: 10389: 10379: 10309: 10234: 10224: 10184: 10154: 9796: 9716: 9631: 9551: 9427: 9365: 9076: 9061: 9036: 8565: 8500: 8480: 8455: 8445: 8435: 8020: 7993: 7988: 7961: 7956: 7946: 7804: 7634: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7508: 7503: 7463: 7418: 7413: 7340: 7298: 7283: 7278: 7263: 7258: 7248: 7055: 7006: 6992: 6747: 6636: 6414: 5924: 5513: 5184: 4729: 4676: 4440:

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Leonard James Callaghan Baron Callaghan of Cardiff

3904: 3181: 3121: 3109: 2934: 2923: 2893: 2847: 2705: 2600: 2154: 1991: 1840: 1792: 1752: 1727: 1282: 1277:. On 18 November 1967, having initially denied that it would do so, the Government 1117: 1017: 281: 15058: 14908: 5435:

Rodgers, William. "Government under Stress. Britain'S Winter of Discontent 1979".

5211:

Prime Minister: Conduct of Policy Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, 1974–79

4688: 1922:

Before the devaluation, Jim Callaghan had announced publicly to the Press and the

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a week, on the basis that her husband's death was partly due to his war service.

1419: 5344: 4703: 2926:'s record 39 days earlier. Callaghan died 4 months before former Prime Minister 2655:

In 1983, he attacked Labour's plans to reduce defence, and the same year became

2485:

Callaghan's method of dealing with the long-term economic difficulties involved

2244:, and rising unemployment. Within months of entering office, his government was 15176: 15113: 15078: 15053: 15043: 14993: 14938: 14858: 14760: 14707: 14702: 14687: 14672: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14489: 14474: 14459: 14439: 14291: 14266: 14256: 14236: 14221: 14161: 14151: 13893: 13283: 13254: 13045: 13037: 12907: 12807: 12784: 12696: 12685: 12641: 12630: 12625: 12619: 12424: 12414: 12309: 12248: 12233: 12183: 12142: 12131: 12079: 12068: 11950: 11646: 11479: 11359: 11354: 11329: 11314: 11174: 10951: 10908: 10898: 10696: 10546: 10526: 10452: 10394: 10339: 10334: 10324: 10319: 10019: 9898: 9893: 9826: 9806: 9801: 9786: 9756: 9706: 9511: 9479: 9462: 9306: 9284: 9151: 9011: 8939: 8635: 8610: 8600: 8590: 8505: 8495: 8485: 8465: 8402: 8392: 8377: 8254: 8126: 8026: 8003: 7910: 7866: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7649: 7639: 7534: 7473: 7458: 7408: 7367: 7356: 7304: 7293: 7034: 6950: 6761: 6703: 6587: 6205: 6195: 5934: 5887: 5772: 5757: 4680: 4666: 3511: 3507:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 2839: 2827: 2671: 2466: 2428: 2395: 2357: 2257: 2075: 2040: 1897: 1711: 1659: 1615: 1547: 1485: 1458: 1361: 1270: 1191: 828: 673: 479: 393: 288: 15128: 5383:

From New Jerusalem to New Labour: British Prime Ministers from Attlee to Blair

2802:

and three other surviving former prime ministers at the time –

2078:

he agreed to have his name go forward for the job of Managing Director of the

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Hughes, R. Gerald, et al. "Labour's Defence and Foreign Policy, 1976-79." in

5181:

British General Elections Since 1964: Diversity, Dealignment, and Disillusion

4953:

Prime Minister: The Conduct of Policy Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan

4757: 3722: 3035: 2991: 2922:. He died as Britain's longest-lived former prime minister, having surpassed 2698: 2546: 2269: 2173: 1892: 1836: 1784:

imports, and to stabilise the balance of payments and the value of sterling.

1760: 1719: 1474: 1251: 616: 103: 5562:

An interview with Chancellor Callaghan after an IMF interview at Rio, Brazil

2461: 1990:

Callaghan's tenure as home secretary was marked by the emerging conflict in

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Brivati, Brian. "(Leonard) James Callaghan, Lord Callaghan of Cardiff." in

5032: 4132: 4110: 4023: 2927: 2803: 2787: 2723: 2629: 2624: 2588: 2530: 2524: 2470: 2256:(IMF) for a large loan of $ 3900 million in order to maintain the value of 2249: 2224: 2119:

in declaring the new terms acceptable and he supported a "Yes" vote in the

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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Cardiff constituencies

3042: 1714:

died in January 1963, Callaghan ran to succeed him, but came third in the

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and returned as prime minister in March 1974, he appointed Callaghan as

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The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90

3647: 2980: 2811: 2799: 2791: 2779: 2540: 2478: 2324: 2012: 1751:(who had only been in power for twelve months since the resignation of 1683: 1679: 1557: 1393: 1392:

mother. Callaghan's father ran away from home in the 1890s to join the

1381: 1312:

When Wilson suddenly announced his retirement in March 1976, Callaghan

1305:(EC), and strongly supported the successful "Yes" vote campaign in the 1214: 1206: 900: 788: 5278:

New Labour, Old Labour: The Wilson and Callaghan Governments 1974–1979

5195:

Politics in Britain: From Callaghan to Thatcher (Political Spotlights)

1182:

from 1976 to 1980. Callaghan is the only person to have held all four

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The Unfinished Revolution: How the Modernisers Saved the Labour Party

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To Build A New Jerusalem: Labour Movement from the 1890s to the 1990s

3006: 2733: 2718: 2713: 2675: 2261: 2241: 2150: 1906: 1902: 1796: 1535: 1462: 627: 14342: 11391: 7192: 14717: 14479: 14281: 8222: 5285:

The Labour government, 1974–79: political aims and economic reality

2697:, was published. He also served as a non-executive director of the 2143: 1491:

His union position at the IRSF brought Callaghan into contact with

1166:; 27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005), commonly known as 6308: 6253: 5589:

on 5 June 2007 (with video and audio files available for download)

5465:

How Labour Governments Fall: From Ramsay Macdonald to Gordon Brown

2196: 15409:

British Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

15018: 14560: 5624:

Bronze bust of James Callaghan in the UK Parliamentary Collection

5551: 5463:

Shepherd, John. "The Fall of the Callaghan Government, 1979." in

5428:

Pryce, Sue. "James Callaghan 1976–9: A Caretaker." in Sue Pryce,

5176:(HarperCollins, 1997), pp. 304–46, covers his term as Chancellor. 4669:(2013). "Callaghan, Leonard James , Baron Callaghan of Cardiff". 2964: 2907: 2877: 2868:

Julia, who married Ian Hamilton Hubbard and settled in Lancashire

2846:

before the Second World War), tennis and agriculture. He married

2128: 1572: 1527: 1434: 1412: 805: 6564: 3737:"BBC ON THIS DAY | 1968: Race discrimination law tightened" 1273:, with its exchange rate to other currencies being fixed by the 11783: 3128: 2778:

Callaghan (second from right) in 2002 with Queen Elizabeth II,

2440: 2399: 2135: 1879: 1590: 1377: 1360:. On retiring from the Commons in 1987, he was elevated to the 5037:

Callaghan (The 20 British Prime Ministers of the 20th Century)

4901:

What Went Wrong?: Explaining the Fall of the Labour Government

3140: 3116: 2892:

Callaghan's ashes were scattered in the flowerbed around the

2712:, spotted a letter to a newspaper which pointed out that the 1722:. However, he did gain the support of right-wingers, such as 1438: 5141:

Disjunctive Prime Ministerial Leadership in British Politics

4081:"Tony, you can leave the stage with them still wanting more" 2736:

recorded in his diary entry of 3 April 1997 that during the

5327:

Leonard, Dick. "James Callaghan—Labour’s conservative." in

2818:

for a dinner which formed part of the celebrations for the

2063:

Wilson's government went on to be unexpectedly defeated by

1883: 1644: 1466: 1132: 3836: 3834: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3471: 3469: 3467: 2871:

Michael, who married Jennifer Morris and settled in Essex.

2659:

as the longest continually-serving member of the Commons.

2587:" and won the election. Callaghan agreed to a proposal by 15296: 15217: 14141:

Shadow Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom

5264:

The Prime Minister: the office and its holders since 1945

4392: 4001: 3397:"Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) Officers 1939–1945" 2291:: Labour had won a narrow majority of three seats at the 2082:(IMF), however this was vetoed by the French government. 1887: 1779:. Both Wilson and Callaghan took a strong stance against 1738: 1389: 1138: 1126: 5593:

Portraits of James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff

5579:'Prime Ministers in the Post-War World: James Callaghan' 5356:

Meredith, Stephen. "The oratory of James Callaghan." in

5255:

Hay, Colin. "The winter of discontent thirty years on."

2639: 2356:" which sought to control inflation through a voluntary 1874:

The economy was soon in turmoil again by June, with the

1376:

Leonard James Callaghan was born at 38 Funtington Road,

15539:

Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II

11874:

History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom

5567:

Official portrait of James Callaghan by David Griffiths

5076:

Challenges and Opportunities for British Foreign Policy

4198:"Comment & Analysis | New Labour And Delivery" 3831: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3653: 3618: 3594: 3547: 3526: 3481: 3464: 3226: 3224: 2142:, who had been sentenced to death by Uganda's dictator 2019:, and various reforms to reduce discrimination against 1968:

social significance for our country and our children."

237:

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

14801: 6245: 3376: 2268:

as a proposed alternative to the loan, which involved

2172:

from the islands; a decision which contributed to the

1672:

Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty

16:

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979

12993: 3884: 3364: 3093: 1159: 1141: 1123: 5780:

Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport

5381:

Morgan, Kenneth O. "James Callaghan, 1976–1979." in

5322:

The Lib-Lab Pact: A Parliamentary Agreement, 1977–78

4799: 3803:"HONORARY FREEMAN OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF CARDIFF" 3691: 3606: 3439: 3427: 3415: 3352: 3340: 3252: 3221: 2565:

1979 vote of no confidence in the Callaghan ministry

1878:

in the Middle East. Several Arab countries, such as

1652:

Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport

1481:(IRSF), and resigned from his Civil Service duties. 1129: 19:"Jim Callaghan" redirects here. For other uses, see 2599:with the intention that they would be broadcast on 1674:from February 1950, where he was a delegate to the 1488:, and they were married in July 1938 at Maidstone. 1135: 1120: 1100:

Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff

15504:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 15474:Labour Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom 15419:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom 15404:20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 5315:Remaking the Labour Party: From Gaitskell to Blair 5132:Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers 4137:When the Lights Went Out. Britain in the Seventies 4115:When the Lights Went Out. Britain in the Seventies 4028:When the Lights Went Out. Britain in the Seventies 4018: 4016: 3328: 1863:It was under these conditions that Callaghan beat 13936:Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East 13754:Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation 4634: 4277: 2579:which was held on 3 May. The Conservatives under 2336:government down as the Conservatives triggered a 1309:, which confirmed the UK's membership of the EC. 15380: 14344:Shadow Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 14081:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats 8969: 2944:, where his wife had formerly been chair of the 2571:On 28 March 1979, the House of Commons passed a 2366:Labour government, 1974–1979#Major contributions 13999:Socialist Environment and Resources Association 8224:Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom 5608:"Archival material relating to James Callaghan" 5467:(London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013). 113-140. 4013: 2906:Callaghan died on 26 March 2005 at his home in 2782:(left) and three other former Prime Ministers; 2197:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1976–1979 2090: 2085: 1733: 1601: 1429:. After he was demobbed in 1919, he joined the 1217:during the Second World War. He was elected to 15514:Ministers in the Wilson governments, 1964–1970 15509:Ministers in the Attlee governments, 1945–1951 13811:Organisations associated with the Labour Party 5557:contributions in Parliament by James Callaghan 5301:James Callaghan: An Underrated Prime Minister? 5294:(Manchester University Press, 2016) pp. 57-72. 5271:James Callaghan: An Underrated Prime Minister? 4317:"Geoffrey Parkhouse, Political Editor, writes" 4308: 1905:suggesting that devaluation was preferable to 15424:Civil servants in the Board of Inland Revenue 15282: 15203: 14787: 14562:Shadow Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom 14546: 14328: 14125: 11799: 11610: 11407: 11020: 10435: 9876: 8955: 8208: 7208: 6550: 6269: 5432:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1997), pp. 147–162. 5345:https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2020.1785292 5096:Allen, David. "James Callaghan, 1974–76." in 4993: 4704:"Why Don't Britain's Leaders Pray in Public?" 4659: 4607: 2331:saw a large majority vote against, while the 1080: 15549:Secretaries of State for the Home Department 13971:National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs 13792: 5385:( Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010) pp. 123-143. 4675:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4255:"1979: Early election as Callaghan defeated" 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3493: 2575:, 311–310, which forced Callaghan to call a 2519:Labour would lose the forthcoming election. 2138:in order to bring home the British lecturer 1934: 5189:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199673322.003.0003 4718: 4225:"Newspaper support in UK general elections" 4103: 3979:"1978: Callaghan accused of running scared" 3675:. Spartacus-Educational.com. 19 July 1966. 2618: 2179: 2058: 1689: 353:16 October 1964 – 30 November 1967 15484:Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom) 15289: 15275: 15210: 15196: 14794: 14780: 14553: 14539: 14335: 14321: 14132: 14118: 11806: 11792: 11617: 11603: 11414: 11400: 11027: 11013: 10442: 10428: 9883: 9869: 8962: 8948: 8215: 8201: 7215: 7201: 6557: 6543: 6276: 6262: 5616: 5599: 5503:Crisis? What Crisis?: Britain in the 1970s 5397:https://doi.org/10.1080/135723304200032220 5090: 4665: 4412:"Remembering Gerald Ford, 1913-2006 | AEI" 3394: 1087: 1073: 468:2 November 1961 – 16 October 1964 54: 13700:Directly elected city mayoral authorities 11624: 10458:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 5518:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534746.003.0004 5329:A Century of Premiers: Salisbury to Blair 5276:Hickson, Kevin, and Anthony Seldon, eds. 4750: 4507:, Tony Benn, Random House, 2003, page 401 4370:"Enemies within: Thatcher and the unions" 4314: 4283: 4200:. Ipsos MORI. 15 May 2004. Archived from 3846: 3503:inflation figures are based on data from 3264: 2595:with Margaret Thatcher to be produced by 2421: 1994:: Like all British governments since the 1596: 9850:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as 5942:Shadow Secretary of State for Employment 5807:Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty 5292:The Northern Ireland Troubles in Britain 5125:The Labour Party in Opposition 1970–1974 4475: 4367: 4339: 4222: 2887: 2773: 2558: 2507: 2460: 2218: 2206: 2094: 2055:a decade later would have been illegal. 1975: 1959:Also significant was the passing of the 1786: 1605: 1371: 633:5 November 1987 – 26 March 2005 301:30 November 1967 – 19 June 1970 201:5 April 1976 – 10 November 1980 13309:Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles 5269:Hickson, Kevin, and Jasper Miles, eds. 5266:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2001), pp. 376–96. 5148:Britain since 1945: A Political History 4672:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4131: 4109: 4022: 2636:, and he returned to the backbenches. 2450: 2416:British Ambassador to the United States 15381: 14068: 13951:Labour Representation Committee (2004) 11044:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 10465:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 9899:Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom 5423:Britain since 1945: The People's Peace 5098:British Foreign Secretaries Since 1974 5031: 4845:from the original on 18 September 2016 4751:Callaghan, Michael (12 January 2023). 4579:"Queen dines with her prime ministers" 4516: 4398: 4286:"Thatcher hesitates over TV challenge" 4075: 4007: 3890: 3865: 3840: 3789: 3777: 3765: 3697: 3659: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3553: 3541: 3487: 3475: 3445: 3433: 3421: 3382: 3370: 3358: 3346: 3334: 3258: 3230: 2994:. The standard scholarly biography by 2387:, and the aircraft industry, creating 2282: 1739:Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1964–1967 1352:Callaghan served as Labour leader and 546:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State 135:4 May 1979 – 10 November 1980 15299:1976 Labour Party leadership election 15270: 15220:1963 Labour Party leadership election 15191: 14775: 14534: 14316: 14113: 14057: 13791: 13581: 12992: 11996: 11827: 11787: 11598: 11421: 11395: 11008: 10981:Category:British Secretaries of State 10423: 9864: 8943: 8196: 7222: 7196: 6566:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 6538: 6257: 6244: 5489:Post-War Britain: A Political History 5358:Labour orators from Bevan to Miliband 5202:Callaghan's Journey to Downing Street 5060: 4982:Post-War Britain: A Political History 4589:from the original on 12 February 2007 4380:from the original on 18 February 2020 4044: 3936:"How Jim Callaghan Changed the World" 3933: 3902: 3868:A History of The British Labour Party 3504: 3403:from the original on 26 December 2017 3316:from the original on 3 September 2018 3306:"Obituary: Lord Callaghan of Cardiff" 3270: 2749:During an interview broadcast on the 2640:Backbenches and retirement, 1980–2005 2099:Callaghan and Dutch foreign minister 2034: 1514:. He was finally allowed to join the 1495:, the Chairman of the Labour Party's 1418:James Callaghan senior served in the 1405: 1331:referendum on devolution for Scotland 848: 449:Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 13921:Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform 13771:Labour – Federation of Labour Groups 10935:Commonwealth and Development Affairs 6023:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5479:British Educational Research Journal 5474:(Manchester University Press, 2013). 5360:(Manchester University Press, 2016) 5143:(Palgrave Pivot, Cham, 2020). 51–83. 4996:"The Heraldry of the Garter Banners" 4881:from the original on 2 November 2021 4819:from the original on 31 January 2021 4529:from the original on 9 November 2018 4315:Parkhouse, Geoffrey (4 April 1979). 4284:Parkhouse, Geoffrey (3 April 1979). 4265:from the original on 9 December 2017 4091:from the original on 3 November 2018 4057:from the original on 3 November 2018 3946:from the original on 3 November 2018 3915:from the original on 15 January 2009 3905:"Callaghan's Great Education Debate" 3747:from the original on 6 December 2017 3298: 2855:Margaret, Baroness Jay of Paddington 2522:In the buildup to the election, the 2514:1979 United Kingdom general election 2383:the shipbuilding industry, creating 2223:Callaghan (right) with US president 1455:Portsmouth Northern Secondary School 1433:and the family moved to the town of 1403:His mother was Charlotte Callaghan ( 1317:months forced Callaghan to strike a 1205:Born into a working-class family in 1176:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1003:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 874:Portsmouth Northern Secondary School 844: 249:5 March 1974 – 8 April 1976 71:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 15544:Royal Navy officers of World War II 14058: 13879:Campaign for Labour Party Democracy 13582: 11946:The longest suicide note in history 11879:European Parliamentary Labour Party 6342:1979 Scottish devolution referendum 6283: 4728:. infobritain.co.uk. Archived from 4517:Knight, Richard (2 December 2008). 4416:American Enterprise Institute - AEI 4165:from the original on 6 January 2018 3966:A Short History of the Labour Party 2728:Copyright Designs & Patents Act 2573:motion of no-confidence by one vote 2274:Public Sector Borrowing Requirement 1971: 1366:longest-lived former prime minister 1333:, led to minor parties joining the 1028:1979 Scottish devolution referendum 13: 15619:Military personnel from Portsmouth 15534:Presidents of the European Council 15524:Life peers created by Elizabeth II 6307: 6246:James Callaghan navigational boxes 5834:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer 5393:The Journal of Legislative Studies 5303:(Biteback, 2020) pp. 235–258. 5054: 4701: 4635:Geraldine Bednell (3 March 1996). 4549:"Callaghan expects 'worst PM' tag" 4485:. 12 November 1987. p. 13941. 4235:from the original on 1 August 2013 3989:from the original on 10 April 2012 3711:When Labour played the racist card 3709:Lattimer, Mark (22 January 1999), 3566:The Cabinet Papers: Reform and VAT 3073:(I had rather labour than be idle) 3041: 3034: 2957:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 2826:, who had served as leader of the 1982:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland 1939:Callaghan was responsible for the 1556:, and was promoted to the rank of 1257:Following Labour's victory at the 714:5 July 1945 – 18 May 1987 651:9 June 1983 – 18 May 1987 456:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer 83:5 April 1976 – 4 May 1979 14: 15645: 15629:Chancellors of Swansea University 13994:Socialist Educational Association 12994:Internal elections and selections 11914:Campaign for Democratic Socialism 6223:President of the European Council 5597:National Portrait Gallery, London 5538: 5430:Presidentializing the Premiership 5405:(Oxford University Press, 1997). 5179:Denver, David, and Mark Garnett. 4914:Reader's Guide to British History 4497:Free at Last!: Diaries, 1991-2001 4457:from the original on 2 April 2012 4451:"Britain: The road to New Labour" 4422:from the original on 1 March 2020 4347:"Jim Callaghan: A life in quotes" 4045:Byrne, Eugene (4 November 2011). 3934:Clark, Neil (20 September 2007). 3819:from the original on 27 July 2020 3286:from the original on 4 April 2020 3195:Shadow Cabinet of James Callaghan 3063:to the dexter a wolf, all proper. 2970: 2708:, a former chairman (1969–82) of 2634:November 1980 leadership election 2447:about the same level of support. 2299:, which left Callaghan heading a 1345:and was replaced by Conservative 15479:Leaders of the Labour Party (UK) 15439:English people of Jewish descent 13843:Labour Campaign for Trans Rights 13691:Labour Party in Northern Ireland 11813: 11772: 11583: 11380: 10987: 10976: 10975: 10810: 10451: 10408: 9892: 7310:George Brown, Baron George-Brown 7176: 7175: 6519: 6518: 6347:1979 Welsh devolution referendum 5633:Parliament of the United Kingdom 5378:(Oxford University Press, 2008). 5204:(2010), scholarly study to 1976. 4647:from the original on 29 May 2019 4327:from the original on 9 July 2021 4296:from the original on 9 July 2021 3679:from the original on 9 July 2009 3175: 3163: 3151: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3103: 3029:Coat of arms of James Callaghan 2833: 2767:In October 1999, Callaghan told 2567:. The motion passed by one vote. 2319:(SNP) and the Welsh nationalist 2240:, and was beset by double-digit 1941:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 1116: 1060: 1054: 1033:1979 Welsh devolution referendum 937: 883: 21:James Callaghan (disambiguation) 15434:English people of Irish descent 15414:Chairs of the Labour Party (UK) 13911:Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance 11894:Labour Representation Committee 10933:Secretary of State for Foreign, 5025: 4987: 4974: 4958: 4945: 4932: 4919: 4906: 4893: 4857: 4831: 4793: 4765: 4744: 4695: 4628: 4608:Julia Langdon (17 March 2005). 4601: 4571: 4559:from the original on 6 May 2004 4541: 4510: 4489: 4469: 4443: 4434: 4404: 4368:Wilenius, Paul (5 March 2004). 4361: 4247: 4216: 4190: 4177: 4147: 4125: 4069: 4038: 3971: 3958: 3927: 3896: 3795: 3729: 3703: 3665: 3630: 3578: 3559: 3451: 3388: 2899:(pictured in 2008) at London's 2838:Callaghan's interests included 2644:In 1982, along with his friend 2632:as his successor following the 2379:In 1977 Callaghan's government 2153:made territorial claims on the 2134:In 1975, Callaghan flew out to 2015:, and their replacement by the 1980:Callaghan in 1970 (left), with 1694:After Labour lost power in the 1479:Inland Revenue Staff Federation 1319:confidence and supply agreement 1289:, following a request from the 840: 13647:Chief Whip of the Labour Party 11997: 10820:Secretary of State for Foreign 6053:Minister for the Civil Service 5748:Father of the House of Commons 5547:on the Downing Street website. 5460:(Politico's Publishing, 2005). 5453:(Politico's Publishing, 2001). 5451:Dictionary of Labour Biography 5252:(Politico's Publishing, 2003). 5134:(Routledge, 2002) pp. 350-357. 4994:Chessyre, Hubert (1995–1996). 4771:Blake, Aled (18 August 2005), 4519:"Finger on the Nuclear Button" 3870:. Palgrave. pp. 166–188. 3236: 3207: 2940:near the entrance of London's 2820:Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II 2693:. In 1987, his autobiography, 2664:Knight Companion of the Garter 2583:ran a campaign on the slogan " 2374:Commission for Racial Equality 2248:, which caused the Chancellor 2157:. In response, Callaghan sent 2004:Government of Northern Ireland 1358:Father of the House of Commons 1314:defeated five other candidates 1283:operations of the British Army 1170:, was a British statesman and 639:Father of the House of Commons 1: 15494:Members of the Fabian Society 13981:Revolutionary Communist Party 6104:Treasurer of the Labour Party 4223:Stoddard, Katy (4 May 2010). 3903:Eason, Gary (27 March 2005). 3637:Monatsbericht 12/1967, p. 104 3200: 2722:, which had been assigned by 2556:supported the Conservatives. 2414:, his then son-in-law as the 2266:Alternative Economic Strategy 2246:faced with a financial crisis 2168:for its decision to withdraw 1869:Treasurer of the Labour Party 1791:Callaghan (second left) with 1638:. Callaghan did not join the 1411:Cundy, 1879–1961) an English 37:The Lord Callaghan of Cardiff 15469:Labour Party (UK) life peers 14076:Party of European Socialists 13989:Socialist Health Association 13616:National Executive Committee 11904:National Labour Organisation 11884:Scottish Labour Party (1888) 8971:Chancellors of the Exchequer 5496:Media, Culture & Society 5444:Contemporary British History 5425:(2nd edn 2001), pp. 397–433. 5341:Contemporary British History 5150:(7th edn 2012), pp. 190–212. 5107:Contemporary British History 5100:(Routledge, 2004) pp. 61-80. 4980:Sked, Alan, and Chris Cook, 4809:"Lord Callaghan sets record" 4753:"James Callaghan's religion" 4689:UK public library membership 3575:, from the National Archives 2955:Banner was transferred from 2942:Great Ormond Street Hospital 2901:Great Ormond Street Hospital 2710:Great Ormond Street Hospital 2376:to promote racial equality. 2203:Labour government, 1974–1979 2091:Foreign secretary, 1974–1976 2086:Wilson government, 1974–1976 1734:Wilson government. 1964–1970 1602:Attlee government, 1945–1951 1522:, so he was admitted to the 1516:Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve 1497:National Executive Committee 1293:. Callaghan remained in the 1198:from 1974 to 1976. He was a 608:Member of the House of Lords 7: 15529:Politicians from Portsmouth 15454:English rugby union players 15364:Withdrew after first ballot 13156:Deputy Leadership elections 12973:* = wartime, in opposition 11869:General election manifestos 11847:History of the Labour Party 11828: 11040:House of Commons of England 5861:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5790:The Lord Lucas of Chilworth 5491:(4th edn 1993), pp. 312–28. 5487:Sked, Alan and Chris Cook. 5039:. London: Haus Publishing. 4872:St. George's Chapel Windsor 3591:, Friday, 16 September 1966 3089: 2648:, he co-founded the annual 2347: 2329:Welsh devolution referendum 2254:International Monetary Fund 2231: 2080:International Monetary Fund 1913:in his autobiography notes: 1829:International Monetary Fund 1767:. The previous chancellor, 1765:chancellor of the Exchequer 1662:, and to extend the use of 1578:By 1945, he was serving on 1524:Royal Naval Hospital Haslar 1291:Northern Ireland government 1279:devalued the pound sterling 1188:Chancellor of the Exchequer 535:Junior ministerial offices 341:Chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 15650: 13946:Labour Party Irish Society 13642:Parliamentary Labour Party 6473:1979 vote of no confidence 6158:Leader of the Labour Party 6042:First Lord of the Treasury 5545:More about James Callaghan 5523: 3276:"Obituary: Lord Callaghan" 3070:MALO LABORARE QUAM LANGURE 2680:Baron Callaghan of Cardiff 2511: 2454: 2200: 2000:escalating sectarian riots 1686:for rearmament was spent. 1506:Following the outbreak of 1501:London School of Economics 1287:police in Northern Ireland 1180:Leader of the Labour Party 189:Leader of the Labour Party 18: 15360: 15318: 15306: 15239: 15227: 15157: 14812: 14568: 14350: 14147: 14064: 14053: 14022: 13984:Formerly Socialist Appeal 13866: 13820: 13802: 13798: 13787: 13736: 13723:Constituency Labour Party 13715: 13699: 13673: 13657: 13634: 13608: 13592: 13588: 13577: 13308: 13155: 13003: 12999: 12988: 12971: 12886: 12711: 12598: 12488: 12378: 12267: 12162: 12007: 12003: 11992: 11856: 11838: 11834: 11823: 11770: 11632: 11581: 11429: 11378: 11050: 10970: 10932: 10819: 10808: 10464: 10406: 9905: 9845: 9441: 9245: 8977: 8874:Alexander of Hillsborough 8859:5th Marquess of Salisbury 8829:4th Marquess of Salisbury 8804:5th Marquess of Lansdowne 8779:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 8764:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 8754:3rd Marquess of Salisbury 8699:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 8689:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 8664:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 8654:3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 8634: 8230: 8105: 7930: 7823: 7713: 7603: 7492: 7387: 7232: 7170: 6702: 6577: 6496: 6455: 6436: 6407: 6399:Cardiff South and Penarth 6381: 6355: 6334: 6318: 6305: 6291: 6251: 6229: 6220: 6212: 6202: 6193: 6185: 6180: 6170: 6155: 6147: 6137: 6131:Chair of the Labour Party 6128: 6120: 6110: 6101: 6093: 6088: 6078: 6069: 6061: 6050: 6039: 6029: 6020: 6012: 6002: 5993: 5985: 5975: 5966: 5958: 5948: 5939: 5931: 5921: 5912: 5904: 5894: 5885: 5877: 5867: 5858: 5850: 5840: 5831: 5823: 5813: 5804: 5796: 5786: 5777: 5769: 5764: 5754: 5745: 5737: 5727: 5715:Cardiff South and Penarth 5708: 5703: 5677: 5672: 5646: 5638: 5631: 5367:22 September 2017 at the 4865:"Garter Banner Locations" 3585:Britain:Selective Torment 2822:, alongside his daughter 2690:County of South Glamorgan 2597:London Weekend Television 2107:When Wilson won the next 1935:Home secretary, 1967–1970 1329:", and the defeat of the 976:MP for Cardiff South East 924: 916: 906: 896: 891: 879: 869: 858: 822: 812: 795: 771: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 730: 718: 707: 686:Cardiff South and Penarth 679: 667: 655: 644: 637: 624: 613: 606: 602: 595: 591: 587: 583: 565: 551: 544: 540: 533: 529: 525: 521: 507: 497: 472: 461: 454: 440: 426: 412: 407:Shadow Secretary of State 405: 401: 391: 387: 377: 367: 357: 346: 339: 327: 315: 305: 294: 287: 275: 263: 253: 242: 235: 225: 215: 205: 194: 187: 177: 167: 157: 147: 139: 128: 121: 109: 97: 87: 76: 69: 65: 53: 30: 14004:Socialist Campaign Group 13931:Labour Friends of Israel 13793:Associated organisations 11909:Labour Independent Group 11899:Gladstone–MacDonald pact 11889:Independent Labour Party 10822:and Commonwealth Affairs 6651:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 6089:Party political offices 6072:Leader of the Opposition 5969:Shadow Foreign Secretary 3716:5 September 2015 at the 3642:18 December 2015 at the 2883: 2848:Audrey Elizabeth Moulton 2674:on 5 November 1987 as a 2619:In opposition, 1979–1980 2534:supported Labour, while 2475:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 2372:, which established the 2368:), among these was the 2238:1973–75 global recession 2180:1976 leadership election 2059:In opposition, 1970–1974 1857:National Union of Seamen 1853:Selective Employment Tax 1690:In opposition, 1951–1964 1624:1945 UK general election 1542:. He then served in the 1422:on board the battleship 1354:Leader of the Opposition 1202:(MP) from 1945 to 1987. 1186:, having also served as 1008:1976 leadership election 946:This article is part of 123:Leader of the Opposition 15449:English trade unionists 14091:Socialist International 14009:Socialist Youth Network 13749:Affiliated trade unions 13665:Labour Party Conference 12601:Scottish Labour Leaders 7826:Scottish Labour Leaders 6895:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 6196:Chair of the Group of 7 5698:Constituency abolished 5667:Constituency abolished 5572:20 January 2017 at the 5533:. Michael Joseph, 1989. 5437:The Political Quarterly 5350:8 November 2021 at the 5257:The Political Quarterly 5250:The Heat of the Kitchen 5220:(2016) 11#1 pp 95–118. 5091:Biographies and studies 5086:. Fabian Society, 1975. 5081:28 October 2014 at the 4984:(4th edn 1993), p. 324. 4503:8 November 2021 at the 4183:Peter Hennessy (2001), 4047:"Waiting at the Church" 3866:Thorpe, Andrew (2001). 3571:9 February 2017 at the 3505:Clark, Gregory (2017). 3023: 2662:In 1987, he was made a 2465:Callaghan (right) with 2370:Race Relations Act 1976 2317:Scottish National Party 2017:Ulster Defence Regiment 2007:the phasing out of the 1755:) was forced to call a 1499:and an academic at the 1473:for this branch of the 1443:first Labour government 1339:motion of no-confidence 1231:parliamentary secretary 992:Race Relations Act 1968 776:Leonard James Callaghan 15519:People of the Cold War 15489:Lords of the Admiralty 13956:Labour Women's Network 13916:Jewish Labour Movement 13884:Christians on the Left 6363:Deputy leadership 1960 6312: 5395:10.2-3 (2004): 38-52. 5320:Kirkup, Jonathan, ed. 5306:Jefferys, Kevin (ed). 5213:(Jonathan Cape, 1987). 4706:. History News Network 4681:10.1093/ref:odnb/94837 4453:. socialistworld.net. 4155:"Crisis? What crisis?" 3964:Henry Pelling (19910, 3134:Business and economics 3046: 3039: 3021: 2903: 2830:from 1998 until 2001. 2824:Margaret, Baroness Jay 2795: 2765: 2747: 2666:and stood down at the 2613: 2568: 2563:Votes by party in the 2482: 2422:Proposed 1978 election 2228: 2212: 2104: 1987: 1985:James Chichester-Clark 1920: 1815:, the Governor of the 1800: 1611: 1597:Parliament and Cabinet 1246:, but was defeated by 1194:from 1967 to 1970 and 1184:Great Offices of State 1178:from 1976 to 1979 and 808:, East Sussex, England 597:Parliamentary offices 15464:Knights of the Garter 13744:National Policy Forum 11934:Limehouse Declaration 11626:Second Wilson Cabinet 10993:Portal:United Kingdom 8987:Eustace of Fauconberg 8844:Ponsonby of Shulbrede 6311: 5989:Sir Alec Douglas-Home 5915:Shadow Home Secretary 5498:29#2 (2007): 263–283. 5446:25#3 (2011): 339–363. 5439:55#2 (1984): 171–179. 5310:(I. B. Tauris, 1999). 5259:80.4 (2009): 545–552. 5245:30#3 (2011): 374–394. 5243:Parliamentary History 5109:31.1 (2017): 114–135 4841:. Westminster Abbey. 4786:25 April 2021 at the 4161:. 12 September 2000. 3399:. Unithistories.com. 3045: 3038: 3011: 2967:following his death. 2891: 2777: 2761: 2742: 2738:1997 general election 2668:1987 general election 2609: 2562: 2508:1979 general election 2495:Guadeloupe Conference 2464: 2437:Trades Union Congress 2433:Waiting at the Church 2338:vote of no confidence 2297:Scottish Labour Party 2293:October 1974 election 2222: 2210: 2201:Further information: 2123:. He was awarded the 2098: 2069:1970 general election 1979: 1915: 1845:1966 general election 1790: 1749:Sir Alec Douglas-Home 1696:1951 general election 1609: 1372:Early life and career 1048:1979 general election 1038:Vote of no confidence 560:Ministry of Transport 14086:Progressive Alliance 13833:Labour International 13728:Labour International 13316:Sep 1931 (Henderson) 13004:Leadership elections 12491:Leaders in the Lords 7716:Leaders in the Lords 6468:Winter of Discontent 6463:1976 sterling crisis 5711:Member of Parliament 5680:Member of Parliament 5649:Member of Parliament 5612:UK National Archives 5505:(2013), pp. 181–204. 5415:(HarperPress, 2007) 5413:Michael Foot: a life 5331:(2005) pp, 282-299. 5248:Donoughue, Bernard. 5227:10 June 2018 at the 5209:Donoughue, Bernard. 5193:Derbyshire, Dennis. 5116:19 July 2018 at the 4807:(14 February 2005). 4732:on 24 September 2015 4702:Reader, Luke James. 4637:"A Woman of Affairs" 4349:. BBC. 26 March 2005 3985:. 7 September 1978. 3810:Cardiff City Council 3743:. 26 November 1983. 3190:1976 sterling crisis 2863:Professor Mike Adler 2857:, who married first 2842:(he played lock for 2585:Labour Isn't Working 2491:Winter of Discontent 2457:Winter of Discontent 2451:Winter of Discontent 2385:British Shipbuilders 2053:Winter of Discontent 1996:partition of Ireland 1965:Race Relations Board 1867:in a vote to become 1327:Winter of Discontent 1303:European Communities 1275:Bretton Woods system 1265:deficit and various 1200:Member of Parliament 1023:Winter of Discontent 847:; died 791:, Hampshire, England 681:Member of Parliament 33:The Right Honourable 15158:Permanent President 14814:President-in-Office 14014:Socialist societies 13976:Progressive Britain 13941:Labour Growth Group 13759:Labour Co-operative 12270:General Secretaries 11976:Chakrabarti Inquiry 8814:Curzon of Kedleston 7495:General Secretaries 6488:Father of the House 6483:Resignation Honours 6437:Cultural depictions 5531:The Time of My Life 5421:Morgan, Kenneth O. 5411:Morgan, Kenneth O. 5401:Morgan, Kenneth O. 5374:Meredith, Stephen. 5197:. (Chambers, 1990). 4951:Bernard Donoughue, 4912:David Loades, ed., 4523:BBC Today Programme 4401:, pp. 135–137. 4034:. pp. 461–462. 4010:, pp. 109–116. 3461:(1992), pp. 232–33. 3030: 2953:Order of the Garter 2920:Alzheimer's disease 2657:Father of the House 2553:The Daily Telegraph 2408:National curriculum 2333:Scottish referendum 2301:minority government 2283:Minority government 2187:leadership election 2125:Freedom of the City 1773:balance of payments 1718:, which was won by 1636:Anglo-American loan 1512:reserved occupation 1398:Chief Petty Officer 1267:speculative attacks 1263:balance of payments 1250:for the former and 1190:from 1964 to 1967, 1174:politician who was 997:1975 EEC Referendum 15624:Royal Navy sailors 15444:English socialists 15429:English economists 14023:Media publications 13764:Co-operative Party 13551:May 2021 (Starmer) 13546:June 2016 (Corbyn) 11260:Campbell-Bannerman 9852:Lord Chief Justice 8919:Royall of Blaisdon 8899:Cledwyn of Penrhos 8388:Campbell-Bannerman 6958:Campbell-Bannerman 6394:Cardiff South East 6313: 5765:Political offices 5684:Cardiff South East 5317:(Routledge, 2005). 5287:(Macmillan, 1985). 5280:(Routledge, 2004). 5127:(Routledge, 2012). 5073:Callaghan, James. 5066:Callaghan, James. 5061:Books by Callaghan 4790:Retrieved 26/4/21. 4610:"Audrey Callaghan" 4555:. 8 October 1999. 4482:The London Gazette 4321:The Glasgow Herald 4290:The Glasgow Herald 4185:The Prime Minister 4079:(7 January 2007). 3501:Retail Price Index 3047: 3040: 3028: 2961:Llandaff Cathedral 2946:board of governors 2910:, East Sussex, of 2904: 2796: 2769:The Oldie Magazine 2569: 2483: 2435:" at that month's 2404:maintained schools 2229: 2213: 2174:Argentine invasion 2131:on 16 March 1975. 2105: 2049:In Place of Strife 2035:In Place of Strife 1988: 1961:Race Relations Act 1801: 1716:leadership contest 1612: 1386:Great Irish Famine 1242:and for leader in 692:Cardiff South East 513:Reginald Maudling 15376: 15375: 15370: 15369: 15308:Outgoing Leader: 15264: 15263: 15185: 15184: 14864:Giscard d'Estaing 14803:Presidents of the 14769: 14768: 14528: 14527: 14310: 14309: 14107: 14106: 14103: 14102: 14099: 14098: 14049: 14048: 14045: 14044: 13985: 13858:Disability Labour 13783: 13782: 13779: 13778: 13621:General Secretary 13573: 13572: 13569: 13568: 12984: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12590:Smith of Basildon 11988: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11971:One Nation Labour 11941:Militant tendency 11864:Electoral history 11781: 11780: 11592: 11591: 11423:Callaghan Cabinet 11389: 11388: 11145:FitzRoy-Scudamore 11002: 11001: 10417: 10416: 10065:Sotheron-Estcourt 9858: 9857: 8937: 8936: 8924:Smith of Basildon 8190: 8189: 7815:Smith of Basildon 7225:Leaders of Labour 7190: 7189: 6532: 6531: 6510:Margaret Thatcher 6319:General elections 6239: 6238: 6230:Succeeded by 6203:Succeeded by 6181:Diplomatic posts 6171:Succeeded by 6138:Succeeded by 6111:Succeeded by 6079:Succeeded by 6065:Margaret Thatcher 6033:Margaret Thatcher 6030:Succeeded by 6003:Succeeded by 5996:Foreign Secretary 5976:Succeeded by 5949:Succeeded by 5922:Succeeded by 5898:Reginald Maudling 5895:Succeeded by 5868:Succeeded by 5854:Reginald Maudling 5844:Reginald Maudling 5841:Succeeded by 5814:Succeeded by 5787:Succeeded by 5755:Succeeded by 5728:Succeeded by 5583:Kenneth O. Morgan 5458:Old Labour to New 5403:Callaghan: A Life 5262:Hennessy, Peter. 5200:Deveney, Paul J. 5046:978-1-904950-70-7 4969:Callaghan: A Life 4965:Kenneth O. Morgan 4927:Tragedy of Labour 4925:Stephen Haseler, 4839:"James Callaghan" 4726:"James Callaghan" 4687:(Subscription or 4585:. 29 April 2002. 4261:. 28 March 1979. 3843:, pp. 77–86. 3792:, pp. 73–74. 3780:, pp. 59–64. 3768:, pp. 64–71. 3673:"James Callaghan" 3662:, pp. 49–50. 3627:, pp. 46–49. 3603:, pp. 40–45. 3556:, pp. 39–40. 3544:, pp. 33–38. 3490:, pp. 24–31. 3478:, pp. 14–25. 3312:. 28 March 2005. 3274:(28 March 2005). 3247:Callaghan: A Life 3243:Kenneth O. Morgan 3215:"James Callaghan" 3087: 3086: 3000:Margaret Thatcher 2996:Kenneth O. Morgan 2988:Bernard Donoughue 2816:Buckingham Palace 2808:Margaret Thatcher 2784:Margaret Thatcher 2593:televised debates 2581:Margaret Thatcher 2389:British Aerospace 2211:Callaghan in 1977 2191:Winston Churchill 2166:Margaret Thatcher 2113:Foreign Secretary 2101:Max van der Stoel 1825:Lyndon B. Johnson 1809:capital gains tax 1793:finance ministers 1769:Reginald Maudling 1743:In October 1964, 1676:Council of Europe 1610:Callaghan in 1947 1544:East Indies Fleet 1347:Margaret Thatcher 1227:Attlee government 1196:Foreign Secretary 1097: 1096: 963: 962: 928: 927: 742: 741: 579: 578: 517: 516: 373:Reginald Maudling 334:Reginald Maudling 270:Alec Douglas-Home 173:Margaret Thatcher 153:Margaret Thatcher 116:Margaret Thatcher 60:Callaghan in 1975 15641: 15614:Welsh Labour MPs 15609:UK MPs 1983–1987 15604:UK MPs 1979–1983 15599:UK MPs 1974–1979 15589:UK MPs 1970–1974 15584:UK MPs 1966–1970 15579:UK MPs 1964–1966 15574:UK MPs 1959–1964 15569:UK MPs 1955–1959 15564:UK MPs 1951–1955 15559:UK MPs 1950–1951 15554:UK MPs 1945–1950 15312: 15300: 15291: 15284: 15277: 15268: 15267: 15233: 15221: 15212: 15205: 15198: 15189: 15188: 14806:European Council 14796: 14789: 14782: 14773: 14772: 14742: 14555: 14548: 14541: 14532: 14531: 14337: 14330: 14323: 14314: 14313: 14134: 14127: 14120: 14111: 14110: 14066: 14065: 14055: 14054: 13983: 13867:Factional groups 13821:Sectional groups 13800: 13799: 13789: 13788: 13590: 13589: 13579: 13578: 13451:1979 (Callaghan) 13391:1956 (Gaitskell) 13268:Margaret Beckett 13166:Herbert Morrison 13022:Arthur Henderson 13014:Ramsay MacDonald 13001: 13000: 12990: 12989: 12975:^ Interim/Acting 12890: 12796:Pethick-Lawrence 12715: 12602: 12492: 12382: 12271: 12166: 12011: 12005: 12004: 11994: 11993: 11924:Formation of SDP 11836: 11835: 11825: 11824: 11817: 11808: 11801: 11794: 11785: 11784: 11776: 11757:Shirley Williams 11657:Lord Elwyn-Jones 11652:Anthony Crosland 11619: 11612: 11605: 11596: 11595: 11587: 11575:Shirley Williams 11465:Lord Elwyn-Jones 11455:Anthony Crosland 11416: 11409: 11402: 11393: 11392: 11384: 11383: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11006: 11005: 10991: 10979: 10978: 10814: 10456: 10455: 10444: 10437: 10430: 10421: 10420: 10412: 9897: 9896: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9862: 9861: 9247:of Great Britain 8964: 8957: 8950: 8941: 8940: 8476:Pethick-Lawrence 8232:House of Commons 8217: 8210: 8203: 8194: 8193: 8109: 8015:Pethick-Lawrence 7934: 7827: 7717: 7607: 7496: 7464:Margaret Beckett 7391: 7341:Margaret Beckett 7299:Herbert Morrison 7284:Arthur Henderson 7279:Ramsay MacDonald 7264:Arthur Henderson 7259:Ramsay MacDonald 7249:Arthur Henderson 7236: 7226: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7179: 7178: 7163: 7156: 7149: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6727:Pitt the Younger 6722: 6715: 6713:Pitt the Younger 6695: 6693:Pitt the Younger 6688: 6681: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6588:Walpole (Orford) 6559: 6552: 6545: 6536: 6535: 6522: 6521: 6456:Related articles 6415:Audrey Callaghan 6278: 6271: 6264: 6255: 6254: 6242: 6241: 6213:Preceded by 6186:Preceded by 6148:Preceded by 6121:Preceded by 6094:Preceded by 6062:Preceded by 6013:Preceded by 5986:Preceded by 5959:Preceded by 5932:Preceded by 5925:Shirley Williams 5905:Preceded by 5878:Preceded by 5851:Preceded by 5824:Preceded by 5797:Preceded by 5770:Preceded by 5738:Preceded by 5705:New constituency 5674:New constituency 5639:Preceded by 5629: 5628: 5620: 5615: 5603: 5470:Shepherd, John. 5283:Holmes, Martin. 5273:(Biteback, 2020) 5240: 5236: 5218:British Politics 5162:Davies, Andrew. 5070:. Collins, 1987. 5050: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5000: 4991: 4985: 4978: 4972: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4916:(2003) 1:213-15. 4910: 4904: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4880: 4869: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4801:Wintour, Patrick 4797: 4791: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4684: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4514: 4508: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4194: 4188: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4020: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3975: 3969: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3863: 3844: 3838: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3818: 3807: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3733: 3727: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3582: 3576: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3462: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3395:J.N. Houterman. 3392: 3386: 3385:, pp. 9–11. 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3156: 3155: 3146:Organized Labour 3144: 3143: 3132: 3131: 3120: 3119: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3031: 3027: 2924:Harold Macmillan 2756:The Human Button 2577:general election 2342:general election 2289:House of Commons 2155:Falkland Islands 2109:general election 1992:Northern Ireland 1972:Northern Ireland 1924:House of Commons 1841:decimal currency 1757:general election 1753:Harold Macmillan 1728:Anthony Crosland 1632:Sir Arthur Evans 1540:The Enemy: Japan 1409: 1254:for the latter. 1162: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1113: 1108: 1089: 1082: 1075: 1064: 1058: 1057: 982:Wilson's Cabinet 959: 958: 956: 949: 941: 934: 933: 930: 929: 920:Second World War 892:Military service 887: 852: 850: 846: 842: 802: 785: 783: 767:Personal details 733: 721: 712: 670: 658: 649: 631: 593: 592: 570: 569: 556: 555: 531: 530: 510: 500: 466: 445: 444: 431: 430: 417: 416: 389: 388: 380: 370: 360: 351: 330: 318: 308: 299: 282:Anthony Crosland 278: 266: 256: 247: 228: 218: 199: 180: 170: 150: 133: 112: 100: 81: 58: 48: 28: 27: 15649: 15648: 15644: 15643: 15642: 15640: 15639: 15638: 15459:Former Baptists 15389:James Callaghan 15379: 15378: 15377: 15372: 15371: 15366: 15356: 15330:James Callaghan 15314: 15310: 15302: 15298: 15295: 15265: 15260: 15249:James Callaghan 15235: 15231: 15229:Acting Leader: 15223: 15219: 15216: 15186: 15181: 15159: 15153: 14984:Nyrup Rasmussen 14816: 14808: 14800: 14770: 14765: 14740: 14564: 14559: 14529: 14524: 14346: 14341: 14311: 14306: 14143: 14138: 14108: 14095: 14060: 14059:Party alliances 14041: 14018: 13862: 13848:Labour Students 13816: 13794: 13775: 13732: 13711: 13695: 13681:Scottish Labour 13669: 13653: 13630: 13604: 13584: 13583:Party structure 13565: 13541:2010 (Miliband) 13326:1932 (Lansbury) 13304: 13151: 13150: 13072:James Callaghan 13030:George Lansbury 12995: 12976: 12974: 12967: 12888: 12882: 12713: 12707: 12600: 12594: 12490: 12484: 12380: 12374: 12269: 12263: 12164: 12158: 12009: 11999: 11980: 11852: 11830: 11819: 11815: 11812: 11782: 11777: 11768: 11642:James Callaghan 11628: 11623: 11593: 11588: 11579: 11436: 11433:James Callaghan 11425: 11420: 11390: 11385: 11381: 11376: 11046: 11033: 11003: 10998: 10966: 10934: 10928: 10821: 10815: 10806: 10460: 10450: 10448: 10418: 10413: 10404: 9901: 9891: 9889: 9859: 9854: 9841: 9727:Heathcoat-Amory 9444: 9437: 9241: 8973: 8968: 8938: 8933: 8704:Derby (Stanley) 8630: 8226: 8221: 8191: 8186: 8107: 8101: 7932: 7926: 7825: 7819: 7715: 7709: 7605: 7599: 7494: 7488: 7389: 7383: 7321:James Callaghan 7289:George Lansbury 7269:William Adamson 7234: 7228: 7224: 7221: 7191: 7186: 7174: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 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3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3373:, pp. 6–8. 3369: 3365: 3361:, pp. 5–6. 3357: 3353: 3349:, pp. 3–5. 3345: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3269: 3265: 3261:, pp. 2–4. 3257: 3253: 3241: 3237: 3233:, pp. 1–2. 3229: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3094: 3092: 3026: 2973: 2916:cardiac failure 2912:lobar pneumonia 2886: 2836: 2695:Time and Chance 2686:City of Cardiff 2678:with the title 2650:AEI World Forum 2642: 2621: 2516: 2510: 2459: 2453: 2424: 2354:social contract 2350: 2311:, known as the 2285: 2264:put forward an 2234: 2205: 2199: 2182: 2121:1975 referendum 2093: 2088: 2061: 2037: 2025:Provisional IRA 1974: 1950:Time and Chance 1937: 1817:Bank of England 1777:sterling crisis 1747:Prime Minister 1741: 1736: 1692: 1670:He moved to be 1660:zebra crossings 1604: 1599: 1582:Queen Elizabeth 1420:First World War 1374: 1307:1975 referendum 1285:to support the 1160: 1150: 1149: 1119: 1115: 1106: 1102: 1093: 1055: 1052: 1004: 1001: 983: 980: 955:James Callaghan 954: 952: 951: 950: 947: 945: 854: 838: 834: 831: 813:Political party 804: 800: 787: 781: 779: 778: 777: 731: 719: 713: 708: 703: 683: 668: 656: 650: 645: 632: 625: 620: 598: 567: 566: 553: 552: 536: 508: 498: 493: 467: 462: 442: 441: 428: 427: 421:Home Department 414: 413: 397: 378: 368: 358: 352: 347: 328: 316: 306: 300: 295: 276: 264: 254: 248: 243: 226: 216: 200: 195: 178: 168: 148: 134: 129: 110: 98: 82: 77: 61: 49: 40: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15647: 15637: 15636: 15634:Tax inspectors 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15374: 15373: 15368: 15367: 15361: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15354: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15326: 15319: 15316: 15315: 15307: 15304: 15303: 15294: 15293: 15286: 15279: 15271: 15262: 15261: 15259: 15258: 15251: 15246: 15240: 15237: 15236: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15215: 15214: 15207: 15200: 15192: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15163: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15074:Fogh Rasmussen 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14820: 14818: 14810: 14809: 14799: 14798: 14791: 14784: 14776: 14767: 14766: 14764: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14751:Thomas-Symonds 14748: 14743: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14569: 14566: 14565: 14558: 14557: 14550: 14543: 14535: 14526: 14525: 14523: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14351: 14348: 14347: 14340: 14339: 14332: 14325: 14317: 14308: 14307: 14305: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14137: 14136: 14129: 14122: 14114: 14105: 14104: 14101: 14100: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14072: 14070: 14062: 14061: 14051: 14050: 14047: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14039: 14032: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13906:Future Britain 13903: 13902: 13901: 13894:Fabian Society 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13870: 13868: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13814: 13806: 13804: 13796: 13795: 13785: 13784: 13781: 13780: 13777: 13776: 13774: 13773: 13768: 13767: 13766: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13740: 13738: 13734: 13733: 13731: 13730: 13725: 13719: 13717: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13709: 13703: 13701: 13697: 13696: 13694: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13677: 13675: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13667: 13661: 13659: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13651: 13650: 13649: 13638: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13612: 13610: 13606: 13605: 13603: 13602: 13596: 13594: 13586: 13585: 13575: 13574: 13571: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13471:1983 (Kinnock) 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13312: 13310: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13302: 13294: 13286: 13284:Harriet Harman 13278: 13270: 13262: 13257: 13255:Roy Hattersley 13249: 13244: 13236: 13228: 13220: 13215: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13189: 13181: 13173: 13168: 13159: 13157: 13153: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13140: 13135: 13127: 13119: 13111: 13103: 13095: 13090: 13082: 13074: 13066: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13046:Hugh Gaitskell 13040: 13038:Clement Attlee 13032: 13024: 13016: 13007: 13005: 12997: 12996: 12986: 12985: 12982: 12981: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12894: 12892: 12884: 12883: 12881: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12799: 12793: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12751: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12719: 12717: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12705: 12700: 12694: 12689: 12683: 12677: 12672: 12666: 12661: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12639: 12634: 12628: 12623: 12617: 12612: 12606: 12604: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12496: 12494: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12386: 12384: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12275: 12273: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12170: 12168: 12165:Deputy Leaders 12160: 12159: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12140: 12135: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12082: 12077: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12015: 12013: 12001: 12000: 11990: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11961:Tony's Cronies 11958: 11953: 11951:One more heave 11948: 11943: 11938: 11937: 11936: 11931: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11860: 11858: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11850: 11842: 11840: 11832: 11831: 11821: 11820: 11811: 11810: 11803: 11796: 11788: 11779: 11778: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11766: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11647:Barbara Castle 11644: 11639: 11633: 11630: 11629: 11622: 11621: 11614: 11607: 11599: 11590: 11589: 11582: 11580: 11578: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11480:Roy Hattersley 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11419: 11418: 11411: 11404: 11396: 11387: 11386: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11032: 11031: 11024: 11017: 11009: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10996: 10984: 10971: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10938: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10825: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10461: 10447: 10446: 10439: 10432: 10424: 10415: 10414: 10407: 10405: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9990:Sturges Bourne 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9888: 9887: 9880: 9873: 9865: 9856: 9855: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9677:N. Chamberlain 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9657:N. Chamberlain 9654: 9649: 9644: 9642:A. Chamberlain 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9617:A. Chamberlain 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9445:United Kingdom 9439: 9438: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9251: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8983: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8967: 8966: 8959: 8952: 8944: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8640: 8638: 8636:House of Lords 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8220: 8219: 8212: 8205: 8197: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8113: 8111: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7938: 7936: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7886: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7848: 7842: 7837: 7831: 7829: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7721: 7719: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7611: 7609: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7474:Harriet Harman 7471: 7466: 7461: 7459:Roy Hattersley 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7409:Clement Attlee 7406: 7401: 7395: 7393: 7390:Deputy Leaders 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7368:Harriet Harman 7365: 7360: 7357:Harriet Harman 7354: 7349: 7344: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7307: 7305:Hugh Gaitskell 7302: 7296: 7294:Clement Attlee 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7240: 7238: 7230: 7229: 7220: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7197: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7164: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7136: 7129: 7122: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7094: 7087: 7080: 7073: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6734:Lord Grenville 6730: 6723: 6716: 6708: 6706: 6704:United Kingdom 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6598: 6591: 6583: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6562: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6515: 6514: 6506: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6424: 6418: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6385: 6383: 6382:Constituencies 6379: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6288: 6281: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6258: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6228: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6206:Helmut Schmidt 6204: 6201: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6169: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6136: 6127: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6109: 6100: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6077: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6048: 6047: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6028: 6019: 6014: 6010: 6009: 6004: 6001: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5974: 5965: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5947: 5938: 5935:Barbara Castle 5933: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5920: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5893: 5888:Home Secretary 5884: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5866: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5839: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5812: 5803: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5785: 5776: 5773:George Strauss 5771: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5761: 5758:Bernard Braine 5756: 5753: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5726: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5635: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5604: 5590: 5576: 5564: 5559: 5548: 5540: 5539:External links 5537: 5535: 5534: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5506: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5409: 5399: 5389: 5379: 5372: 5354: 5343:(2020): 1–26. 5336: 5335: 5325: 5318: 5313:Jones, Tudor. 5311: 5308:Leading Labour 5304: 5296: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5233:Dorey, Peter. 5231: 5214: 5206: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5177: 5172:Dell, Edmund. 5170: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5136: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5102: 5101: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5071: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5045: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5020: 4986: 4973: 4957: 4944: 4938:Philip Gould, 4931: 4918: 4905: 4892: 4856: 4830: 4792: 4764: 4743: 4717: 4694: 4658: 4627: 4600: 4570: 4540: 4509: 4488: 4468: 4442: 4433: 4403: 4391: 4360: 4338: 4307: 4276: 4246: 4215: 4189: 4176: 4146: 4143:. p. 460. 4124: 4121:. p. 463. 4102: 4068: 4037: 4012: 4000: 3970: 3957: 3926: 3895: 3893:, p. 100. 3883: 3876: 3845: 3830: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3728: 3702: 3690: 3664: 3652: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3577: 3558: 3546: 3525: 3512:MeasuringWorth 3492: 3480: 3463: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3387: 3375: 3363: 3351: 3339: 3327: 3297: 3263: 3251: 3235: 3220: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3184: 3172: 3170:United Kingdom 3160: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3025: 3022: 2972: 2971:Historiography 2969: 2885: 2882: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2835: 2832: 2828:House of Lords 2672:House of Lords 2641: 2638: 2620: 2617: 2512:Main article: 2509: 2506: 2467:Helmut Schmidt 2455:Main article: 2452: 2449: 2429:Vesta Victoria 2423: 2420: 2396:Ruskin College 2358:wage restraint 2349: 2346: 2284: 2281: 2233: 2230: 2198: 2195: 2181: 2178: 2149:Also in 1975, 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2076:Anthony Barber 2060: 2057: 2041:Barbara Castle 2036: 2033: 1973: 1970: 1936: 1933: 1898:Robert Sheldon 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1712:Hugh Gaitskell 1691: 1688: 1616:Clement Attlee 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1548:escort carrier 1486:Audrey Moulton 1459:Inland Revenue 1373: 1370: 1362:House of Lords 1295:Shadow Cabinet 1271:pound sterling 1192:Home Secretary 1095: 1094: 1092: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1002: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 987:Decimalisation 981: 979: 978: 973: 965: 964: 961: 960: 948:a series about 944: 942: 926: 925: 922: 921: 918: 914: 913: 908: 904: 903: 898: 897:Branch/service 894: 893: 889: 888: 881: 877: 876: 871: 867: 866: 860: 856: 855: 836: 832: 829:Audrey Moulton 827: 826: 824: 820: 819: 814: 810: 809: 803:(aged 92) 797: 793: 792: 775: 773: 769: 768: 764: 763: 760: 759: 756: 755: 752: 751: 748: 747: 744: 743: 740: 739: 734: 728: 727: 722: 716: 715: 705: 704: 702: 701: 695: 688: 677: 676: 674:Bernard Braine 671: 665: 664: 659: 653: 652: 642: 641: 635: 634: 622: 621: 614: 611: 610: 604: 603: 600: 599: 596: 589: 588: 585: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576: 571: 563: 562: 557: 549: 548: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 505: 504: 501: 495: 494: 492: 491: 488: 482: 480:Hugh Gaitskell 476: 474: 470: 469: 459: 458: 452: 451: 446: 438: 437: 432: 424: 423: 418: 410: 409: 403: 402: 399: 398: 394:Shadow cabinet 392: 385: 384: 381: 375: 374: 371: 365: 364: 361: 359:Prime Minister 355: 354: 344: 343: 337: 336: 331: 325: 324: 319: 313: 312: 309: 307:Prime Minister 303: 302: 292: 291: 289:Home Secretary 285: 284: 279: 273: 272: 267: 261: 260: 257: 255:Prime Minister 251: 250: 240: 239: 233: 232: 229: 223: 222: 219: 213: 212: 209: 203: 202: 192: 191: 185: 184: 181: 175: 174: 171: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 151: 149:Prime Minister 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 126: 125: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 74: 73: 67: 66: 63: 62: 59: 51: 50: 39: 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15646: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15386: 15384: 15365: 15359: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15336:Tony Crosland 15334: 15332: 15331: 15327: 15324: 15321: 15320: 15317: 15313: 15311:Harold Wilson 15305: 15301: 15292: 15287: 15285: 15280: 15278: 15273: 15272: 15269: 15257: 15256: 15255:Harold Wilson 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15241: 15238: 15234: 15226: 15222: 15213: 15208: 15206: 15201: 15199: 15194: 15193: 15190: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15156: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14804: 14797: 14792: 14790: 14785: 14783: 14778: 14777: 14774: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14578:Gordon Walker 14576: 14574: 14571: 14570: 14567: 14563: 14556: 14551: 14549: 14544: 14542: 14537: 14536: 14533: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14375:Gordon Walker 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14352: 14349: 14345: 14338: 14333: 14331: 14326: 14324: 14319: 14318: 14315: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14149: 14146: 14142: 14135: 14130: 14128: 14123: 14121: 14116: 14115: 14112: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14073: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14056: 14052: 14038: 14037: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14021: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13900: 13899:Young Fabians 13897: 13896: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13819: 13813: 13812: 13808: 13807: 13805: 13801: 13797: 13790: 13786: 13772: 13769: 13765: 13762: 13761: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13737:Miscellaneous 13735: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13714: 13708: 13707:London Labour 13705: 13704: 13702: 13698: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13672: 13666: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13656: 13648: 13645: 13644: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13635:Parliamentary 13633: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13613: 13611: 13607: 13601: 13598: 13597: 13595: 13591: 13587: 13580: 13576: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13556:November 2021 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13426:1963 (Wilson) 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13341:1935 (Attlee) 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13311: 13307: 13301: 13300:Angela Rayner 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13276:John Prescott 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13187:Aneurin Bevan 13185: 13182: 13180: 13179:Jim Griffiths 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13154: 13147: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13133:Jeremy Corbyn 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13064:Harold Wilson 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13009: 13008: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12991: 12987: 12970: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12885: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12803: 12800: 12797: 12794: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12755: 12752: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12710: 12704: 12701: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12687: 12684: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12603: 12597: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12493: 12487: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12383: 12377: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12266: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12169: 12167: 12161: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12012: 12006: 12002: 11995: 11991: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11809: 11804: 11802: 11797: 11795: 11790: 11789: 11786: 11775: 11765: 11764: 11763:Harold Wilson 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11732:Lord Shepherd 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11631: 11627: 11620: 11615: 11613: 11608: 11606: 11601: 11600: 11597: 11586: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11550:Lord Shepherd 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11437: 11435: 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1838: 1837:Harold Wilson 1832: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761:Harold Wilson 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720:Harold Wilson 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656:Alfred Barnes 1653: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Cardiff South 1617: 1608: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1569:George Thomas 1566: 1565:Cardiff South 1561: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1546:on board the 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1475:Civil Service 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1343:1979 election 1340: 1336: 1335:Conservatives 1332: 1328: 1324: 1323:Liberal Party 1320: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:1974 election 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1259:1964 election 1255: 1253: 1252:Harold Wilson 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236:1951 election 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223:1945 election 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Jim Callaghan 1165: 1164: 1153: 1146: 1112: 1105: 1101: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 984: 977: 974: 972: 969: 968: 967: 966: 957: 943: 940: 936: 935: 932: 931: 923: 919: 915: 912: 909: 905: 902: 899: 895: 890: 886: 882: 878: 875: 872: 868: 865: 862:3, including 861: 857: 830: 825: 821: 818: 815: 811: 807: 799:26 March 2005 798: 794: 790: 786:27 March 1912 774: 770: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 738: 735: 729: 726: 723: 717: 711: 706: 699: 698:Cardiff South 696: 693: 690: 689: 687: 682: 678: 675: 672: 666: 663: 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14598:Thorneycroft 14404: 14395:Douglas-Home 14171: 14034: 13838:LGBT+ Labour 13828:Young Labour 13809: 13686:Welsh Labour 13593:Constitution 13526:1994 (Blair) 13516:1992 (Smith) 13242:Denis Healey 13234:Michael Foot 13226:Edward Short 13195:George Brown 13146:Keir Starmer 13117:Gordon Brown 13088:Neil Kinnock 13080:Michael Foot 13071: 12889:EPLP Leaders 12434: 12095: 11929:Gang of Four 11919:Lib–Lab pact 11845: 11816:Labour Party 11761: 11742:Edward Short 11722:Bill Rodgers 11712:Reg Prentice 11702:Stanley Orme 11677:Harold Lever 11667:Denis Healey 11662:Michael Foot 11641: 11545:Bill Rodgers 11535:Reg Prentice 11520:Stanley Orme 11505:Bruce Millan 11495:Harold Lever 11485:Denis Healey 11475:Michael Foot 11470:David Ennals 11450:Albert Booth 11440:Joel Barnett 11432: 11431: 11369: 11324: 11280:Lloyd George 11125:Shuttleworth 10986: 10974: 10838: 10834:Douglas-Home 10777:Douglas-Home 10269: 10245:Lloyd George 10240:Maxwell-Fyfe 9847: 9741: 9722:Thorneycroft 9667:W. Churchill 9627:Lloyd George 9592:R. Churchill 9489: 9467: 9417:Ellenborough 9415: 9351:Bilson-Legge 9343: 9339:Bilson-Legge 9329:Bilson-Legge 9321: 9299: 8749:Beaconsfield 8586:Duncan Smith 8545: 8521:Douglas-Home 8108:EPLP Leaders 7659: 7454:Denis Healey 7449:Michael Foot 7434:George Brown 7379:Keir Starmer 7352:Gordon Brown 7331:Neil Kinnock 7326:Michael Foot 7320: 7274:J. R. Clynes 7090: 7063:Douglas-Home 6972:Lloyd George 6637:G. Grenville 6508: 6501: 6448:(Play, 2013) 6445:The Audience 6443: 6429:(son-in-law) 6421:Margaret Jay 6284: 6221: 6216:Joop den Uyl 6194: 6174:Michael Foot 6156: 6129: 6102: 6082:Michael Foot 6070: 6051: 6040: 6021: 5994: 5967: 5962:Denis Healey 5952:Denis Healey 5940: 5913: 5908:Quintin Hogg 5886: 5859: 5832: 5805: 5800:John Dugdale 5778: 5746: 5731:Alun Michael 5709: 5704: 5697: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5647: 5642:Arthur Evans 5550: 5530: 5509: 5502: 5495: 5488: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5412: 5402: 5392: 5382: 5375: 5357: 5340: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5291: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5217: 5210: 5201: 5194: 5180: 5173: 5163: 5154: 5147: 5140: 5131: 5124: 5106: 5097: 5074: 5067: 5036: 5026:Bibliography 5011:. Retrieved 5006: 5002: 4989: 4981: 4976: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4926: 4921: 4913: 4908: 4900: 4899:Ken Coates, 4895: 4883:. Retrieved 4871: 4859: 4849:11 September 4847:. Retrieved 4833: 4821:. 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Barrie 2717: 2703: 2694: 2683: 2679: 2661: 2654: 2643: 2630:Michael Foot 2625:Denis Healey 2622: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2589:Brian Walden 2570: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2531:The Guardian 2529: 2525:Daily Mirror 2523: 2521: 2517: 2499: 2484: 2471:Jimmy Carter 2445: 2425: 2393: 2381:nationalised 2378: 2363: 2351: 2313:Lib–Lab pact 2286: 2278: 2250:Denis Healey 2235: 2225:Jimmy Carter 2214: 2183: 2169: 2160: 2148: 2133: 2106: 2073: 2065:Edward Heath 2062: 2038: 2029:The Troubles 1989: 1958: 1949: 1938: 1921: 1916: 1911:Denis Healey 1873: 1865:Michael Foot 1862: 1849: 1833: 1821: 1806: 1802: 1745:Conservative 1742: 1724:Denis Healey 1708:George Brown 1700:Gaitskellite 1693: 1669: 1649: 1628:Conservative 1622:seat at the 1613: 1587:Indian Ocean 1581: 1577: 1562: 1552: 1539: 1520:tuberculosis 1508:World War II 1505: 1493:Harold Laski 1490: 1483: 1451: 1425: 1417: 1404: 1402: 1375: 1351: 1311: 1256: 1248:George Brown 1204: 1172:Labour Party 1167: 1099: 1098: 1053: 1018:Lib–Lab pact 971:Labour Party 953: 917:Battles/wars 864:Margaret Jay 801:(2005-03-26) 737:Alun Michael 732:Succeeded by 725:Arthur Evans 709: 669:Succeeded by 646: 628:Life peerage 626: 615: 509:Succeeded by 485:George Brown 463: 383:Roy Jenkins 379:Succeeded by 348: 329:Succeeded by 296: 277:Succeeded by 244: 231:Michael Foot 227:Succeeded by 211:Michael Foot 196: 183:Michael Foot 179:Succeeded by 162:Michael Foot 143:Elizabeth II 130: 111:Succeeded by 92:Elizabeth II 78: 25: 15594:UK MPs 1974 15399:2005 deaths 15394:1912 births 15351:Roy Jenkins 15064:Verhofstadt 14817:(1975–2009) 13966:Open Labour 13874:Blue Labour 13853:BAME Labour 13674:Subnational 13456:1980 (Foot) 13213:Roy Jenkins 13125:Ed Miliband 11966:Blue Labour 11752:Eric Varley 11747:John Silkin 11737:Peter Shore 11727:Willie Ross 11717:Merlyn Rees 11697:Fred Mulley 11692:John Morris 11687:Bob Mellish 11672:Roy Jenkins 11570:Eric Varley 11560:John Silkin 11555:Peter Shore 11540:Merlyn Rees 11515:Fred Mulley 11510:John Morris 11490:Roy Jenkins 11460:Edmund Dell 11345:A. Williams 11250:Hicks Beach 11220:Lowry-Corry 11215:T. Williams 10712:Chamberlain 10542:Castlereagh 9607:Hicks Beach 9582:Hicks Beach 9502:Spring Rice 9002:Westminster 8914:Strathclyde 8398:Chamberlain 8368:Hicks Beach 7363:Ed Miliband 7244:Keir Hardie 7021:Chamberlain 6478:1979 budget 6292:Premiership 6189:Gerald Ford 6141:Fred Mulley 5881:Roy Jenkins 5871:Roy Jenkins 5817:Allan Noble 5741:John Parker 5555:1803–2005: 4710:13 December 4477:"No. 51118" 4399:Conroy 2006 4259:On this Day 4239:14 December 4008:Conroy 2006 3983:On This Day 3891:Conroy 2006 3841:Conroy 2006 3790:Conroy 2006 3778:Conroy 2006 3766:Conroy 2006 3698:Conroy 2006 3683:27 February 3660:Conroy 2006 3625:Conroy 2006 3613:Conroy 2006 3601:Conroy 2006 3554:Conroy 2006 3542:Conroy 2006 3488:Conroy 2006 3476:Conroy 2006 3446:Conroy 2006 3434:Conroy 2006 3422:Conroy 2006 3383:Conroy 2006 3371:Conroy 2006 3359:Conroy 2006 3347:Conroy 2006 3335:Conroy 2006 3259:Conroy 2006 3231:Conroy 2006 3005:Historians 2977:Thatcherism 2751:BBC Radio 4 2646:Gerald Ford 2321:Plaid Cymru 2309:David Steel 2252:to ask the 2176:that year. 2140:Denis Hills 2117:the Cabinet 2045:White Paper 1954:Ian Gilmour 1929:Roy Jenkins 1876:Six-Day War 1813:Lord Cromer 1781:devaluation 1471:trade union 1043:1979 budget 720:Preceded by 700:(1945–1950) 694:(1950–1983) 662:John Parker 657:Preceded by 499:Preceded by 369:Preceded by 322:Roy Jenkins 317:Preceded by 265:Preceded by 217:Preceded by 169:Preceded by 99:Preceded by 15383:Categories 15167:Van Rompuy 15094:Balkenende 15084:Berlusconi 14959:Mitterrand 14929:FitzGerald 14924:Mitterrand 14919:Papandreou 14688:Widdecombe 14658:Hattersley 14648:Hattersley 14510:Thornberry 14445:Cunningham 14222:Hattersley 14030:LabourList 13926:Labour CND 13658:Conference 13292:Tom Watson 13109:Tony Blair 13101:John Smith 12790:Lees-Smith 12714:PLP Chairs 12540:Shackleton 12381:Treasurers 12234:Hattersley 11998:Leadership 11956:New Labour 11707:Fred Peart 11565:John Smith 11530:Lord Peart 11525:David Owen 11120:Cartwright 11110:Bradshaigh 11090:R. Vaughan 11085:E. Vaughan 11070:Strangways 10854:Carrington 10662:Iddesleigh 10607:Malmesbury 10592:Malmesbury 10582:Palmerston 10572:Palmerston 10567:Wellington 10562:Palmerston 10502:Hawkesbury 10310:Waddington 10235:Chuter Ede 10050:Palmerston 10015:Wellington 9960:Hawkesbury 9453:Vansittart 9433:Vansittart 9371:Dowdeswell 9356:Barrington 9187:Cottington 9057:Harvington 9032:Willoughby 9027:de la Leye 9017:G. Giffard 9012:W. Giffard 8979:of England 8889:Carrington 8884:Shackleton 8879:Carrington 8729:Malmesbury 8679:Wellington 8669:Wellington 8659:Wellington 8471:Lees-Smith 8353:Hartington 8328:Palmerston 8009:Lees-Smith 7933:PLP Chairs 7765:Shackleton 7606:Treasurers 7347:Tony Blair 7336:John Smith 6860:Palmerston 6846:Palmerston 6797:Wellington 6776:Wellington 6672:Rockingham 6644:Rockingham 6616:Devonshire 6595:Wilmington 6423:(daughter) 6233:Jack Lynch 6135:1973–1974 6108:1967–1976 6097:Dai Davies 6076:1979–1980 6057:1976–1979 6046:1976–1979 6027:1976–1979 6000:1974–1976 5973:1972–1974 5946:1971–1972 5919:1970–1971 5892:1967–1970 5865:1964–1967 5838:1961–1964 5811:1950–1951 5784:1947–1950 5752:1983–1987 5013:19 January 4885:1 November 4823:27 January 4691:required.) 4643:. London. 4593:11 January 4533:3 November 4095:3 November 4061:3 November 3950:3 November 3823:1 November 3648:Bundesbank 3201:References 3059:Escutcheon 2981:Tony Blair 2861:and later 2812:John Major 2800:Tony Blair 2792:John Major 2780:Tony Blair 2753:programme 2541:Daily Mail 2479:Guadeloupe 2325:devolution 2013:B-Specials 2009:Protestant 1684:Royal Navy 1680:Korean War 1664:cat's eyes 1558:lieutenant 1431:Coastguard 1394:Royal Navy 1382:Portsmouth 1337:to pass a 1219:Parliament 1215:Royal Navy 1211:lieutenant 1207:Portsmouth 911:Lieutenant 901:Royal Navy 789:Portsmouth 782:1912-03-27 435:Employment 15323:Tony Benn 15149:Reinfeldt 15139:Topolánek 14964:Andreotti 14904:Jørgensen 14854:Jørgensen 14849:Tindemans 14844:Callaghan 14678:Mawhinney 14608:Callaghan 14500:Alexander 14405:Callaghan 14292:McDonnell 14172:Callaghan 14162:Gaitskell 13626:Treasurer 13609:Executive 13600:Clause IV 12808:Gaitskell 12802:Greenwood 12775:Henderson 12770:MacDonald 12743:Henderson 12738:MacDonald 12728:Henderson 12637:Alexander 12626:McConnell 12530:Alexander 12455:McCluskie 12435:Callaghan 12415:Gaitskell 12410:Greenwood 12400:Henderson 12395:MacDonald 12390:Henderson 12289:Middleton 12284:Henderson 12279:MacDonald 12199:Griffiths 12189:Greenwood 12096:Callaghan 12080:Gaitskell 12059:Henderson 12054:MacDonald 12039:Henderson 12034:MacDonald 12024:Henderson 11682:Roy Mason 11637:Tony Benn 11500:Roy Mason 11445:Tony Benn 11365:Bottomley 11325:Callaghan 11300:Churchill 11285:Winterton 11155:Frederick 10839:Callaghan 10767:Macmillan 10717:Henderson 10707:MacDonald 10687:Lansdowne 10682:Salisbury 10677:Kimberley 10667:Salisbury 10652:Salisbury 10647:Granville 10642:Salisbury 10632:Granville 10627:Clarendon 10617:Clarendon 10602:Clarendon 10587:Granville 10537:Wellesley 10497:Grenville 10390:Braverman 10380:Braverman 10340:C. Clarke 10320:K. 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