3830:
1254:, the Famicom's popularity soared, becoming the best-selling game console in Japan by the end of 1984. By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. By mid-1986, 19% (6.5 million) of Japanese households owned a Famicom; one third by mid-1988. In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households. By the end of its run, over 60 million NES units had been sold throughout the world. In 1990 Nintendo surpassed
3452:
16166:
965:
850:
3474:
1112:
2493:
3196:. From 1996 to 2002, the show was held twice a year: once in the Spring and once in Autumn (in the Tokyo Big Sight). Since 2002, the show has been held once a year. It attracts more visitors every year. 2011's show hosted over 200,000 attendees and the 2012 show bringing in 223,753. The busiest TGS was in 2016 with 271,224 people in attendance and 614 companies had exhibits. The event has been held annually since 1996 and was never canceled. The 20th anniversary of TGS was celebrated in 2016.
3495:
559:
lines allowed for
Japanese developers to completely flesh out the character development of the player's companions and sometimes the player's character themselves. This focus on narrative was different from the West's focus on expression through RPGs and JRPGs appealed to players all over the world because of their rich story lines. However, as of recently, some Japanese developers are starting to try to appeal to a broader audience by introducing real-time combat, for example, such as
1027:, leading to a production increase of coins to meet demand for the game (although 100 yen coin production was lower in 1978 and 1979 than in previous or subsequent years, and the claim does not withstand logical scrutiny: arcade operators would have emptied out their machines and taken the money to the bank, thus keeping the coins in circulation). Japanese arcade games during the golden age also had hardware unit sales at least in the tens of thousands, including
3814:
1996:
17713:
15225:
17723:
901:
15308:
17761:
17749:
15214:
32:
2802:, one of the first successful CD-ROM RPGs, featuring both voice and text, and considered one of the best RPGs in its time. The game was praised for its soundtrack, emotionally engaging storyline, and strong characterization. It also introduced an early form of level-scaling where the bosses would get stronger depending on the protagonist's level, a mechanic that was later used in Enix's
3302:, for its highly polished gameplay, high playability, lavish production, well-developed characters, intricate storyline, and an emotionally engaging narrative that is much darker and sophisticated than most other RPGs. The game's storytelling and character development was considered a major narrative jump forward for video games and was often compared to films and novels at the time.
745:, debuted in the United States in 1972, and led to a number of new American manufacturers to create their own arcade games to capitalize on the rising fad. Several of these companies had Japanese partners and kept their overseas counterparts abreast of this new technology, leading several Japanese coin-operated electronic games makers to step into the arcade game market as well.
587:. Many visual don't feature many game-play features besides decision-making. This decision-making differentiated visual novels from regular novels as it allowed players to replay the game at certain decision points to make different decisions and see different endings. Most VNs are romance stories and allow the player to choose between multiple love interests and fall under
4140:, could potentially make social gaming more acceptable in Western culture. Two key elements that were set to address this mixed market were the ability for the unit to play both on a television screen and as a portable, and the use of detachable controllers. In Japan, first weekend sales exceeded 330,000 units, which was on par with the
4903:
2670:, a game that has been praised for its involving, emotional family-themed narrative divided by different periods of time, something that has appeared in very few video games before or since. It has also been credited as the first known video game to feature a playable pregnancy, a concept that has since appeared in later games such as
2601:, these games required the player to dodge overwhelming numbers of enemy projectiles and called for still more consistent reactions from players. Bullet hell games arose from the need for 2D shoot 'em up developers to compete with the emerging popularity of 3D games: huge numbers of missiles on screen were intended to impress players.
4134:(EPD), respectively. This approach also would apply to the cultural lifestyle and gaming differences between Japanese and Western players; Japanese players tend to play on the go and with social groups, while Western players tend to play at home by themselves. The design of the Switch would meet both cultures, and certain games, like
5543:
3133:'s relationship with other characters and in turn the characters' performance in battle, the direction of the storyline, and the ending. Later games in the series added several variations, including an action gauge that can be raised up or down depending on the situation, and a gauge that the player can manipulate using the
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card manufacturer, but the popularity of the NES/Famicom helped the company grow into an internationally recognized name almost synonymous with video games as Atari had been, and set the stage for
Japanese dominance of the video game industry. With the NES, Nintendo also changed the relationship between
5819:
In 1982, Universal Sales made arcade history with a game called Mr Do! Instead of selling dedicated Mr Do! machines, Universal sold the game as a kit. The kit came with a customized control panel, a computer board with Mr Do! read-only memory (ROM) chips, stickers that could be placed on the side of
4151:
Console sales in Japan, which had been languishing due to the strength of the mobile game market, saw its first annual growth of 14.8% in 2017 due to the release of the Switch. Based on its first year sales, the Switch was considered to be the fastest-selling game console in history in many regions.
626:
games. Bishōjo (meaning "beautiful girl" in
Japanese) games are romance visual novels featuring a male protagonist with female love interests and are targeted towards straight men, while otome (meaning "maiden" in Japanese) games feature a female protagonist with male love interests catering towards
4379:
in 2020 and have emphasized that they want this to be a soft transition, allowing PlayStation 4 games to be directly backwards compatible on their respective systems. Sony has stated the "overwhelming majority" of PlayStation 4 games will play on the PlayStation 5, with many running at higher frame
3987:
The PS4 was released in Japan at ¥39,980 on
February 22, 2014. In September 2015, Sony reduced the price of the PS4 in Japan to ¥34,980, with similar price drops in other Southeast Asian markets. Within the first two days of release in Japan during the weekend of February 22, 2014, 322,083 consoles
3913:
Though prior console generations have normally occurred in five to six-year cycles, the transition from seventh to eighth generation lasted approximately eight years. The transition is also unusual in that the prior generation's best-selling unit, the Wii, was the first to be replaced in the eighth
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video seamlessly blended into the gameplay, effectively integrated throughout the game. Gameplay innovations included the materia system, which allowed a considerable amount of customization and flexibility through materia that can be combined in many different ways and exchanged between characters
2921:
gameplay, where the second or third players could drop in and out of the game at any time rather than players having to join the game at the same time, and the customizable AI settings for computer-controlled allies. The game has influenced a number of later action RPGs. That same year also saw the
2316:
The ‘golden age’ of console RPGs is often dated in the 1990s. Console RPGs distinguished themselves from computer RPGs to a greater degree in the early 1990s. As console RPGs became more heavily story-based than their computer counterparts, one of the major differences that emerged during this time
558:
and feature real-time combat systems, but JRPGs favor confining the player to smaller areas in the game world following a linear story line and most notably using turn-based combat systems like in D&D. Although there was typically less freedom in JRPGs compared to
Western RPGs, the linear story
446:
Gacha games are named after toy vending machines in Japan because of its lottery system. After spending in-game currency (which can be bought with real money), the player can get a random character or item. Most often, the characters that the player wants are rare and encourages the player to spend
8435:
Last year also saw the coattail effect of traditional bestselling CRPGs being ported over onto dedicated game machines as the new market of machines blossomed into money trees. Games like Ultima, Shadowgate, and
Defender of the Crown appeared to mixed reviews. These stalwarts of computer fame were
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to played like a home console. Unlike in most prior generations, there were few new innovative hardware capabilities to mark this generation as distinct from prior ones. Sony continued to produce new systems with similar designs and capabilities as their predecessors, but with improved performance
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and third-party software developers by restricting developers from publishing and distributing software without licensed approval. This led to higher quality software titles, which helped change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced titles for earlier game systems. The
1261:
Because the NES was released after the "video game crash" of the early 1980s, many retailers and adults regarded electronic games as a passing fad, so many believed at first that the NES would soon fade. Before the NES/Famicom, Nintendo was known as a moderately successful
Japanese toy and playing
1156:
Mega Man, known as
Rockman (ロックマン, Rokkuman) in Japan, is a Japanese science fiction video game franchise created by Capcom, starring a series of robot characters each known by the moniker "Mega Man". Mega Man, released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1987, was the first in a series that
2504:
Nintendo executives were initially reluctant to design a new system, but as the market transitioned to the newer hardware, Nintendo saw the erosion of the commanding market share it had built up with the
Nintendo Entertainment System. Nintendo's fourth-generation console, the Super Famicom, was
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had stated that his company would be releasing the Wii U due to declining sales of seventh generation home consoles and that "the market is now waiting for a new proposal for home consoles". Sony considered making its next console a digital download only machine, but decided against it due to
3645:
stated that "Everyone's making awful games - Japan is at least five years behind", and that "Japan is isolated in the gaming world. If something doesn't change, we're doomed.", stressing the need for
Japanese developers to bring in Western approaches to game development to make a comeback.
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in any order, with the decision of whether or not to participate in any particular quest affecting the outcome of the storyline. The game also allowed players to choose from eight different characters, each with their own stories that start in different places and offer different outcomes.
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in Japan. However, by June 2015, the basic Wii U was discontinued in Japan, and replaced by a 32 GB "Premium" set that includes white hardware and a Wii Remote Plus. In mid-November 2016, Nintendo announced that Japanese production of the Wii U would be ending "in the near future".
3668:
In the Japanese gaming industry, arcades have remained popular through to the present day. As of 2009, out of Japan's $ 20 billion gaming market, $ 6 billion of that amount is generated from arcades, which represent the largest sector of the Japanese video game market, followed by home
2333:, with players assuming the roles of people who cared about each other, fell in love or even had families. Romance in particular was a theme that was common in most console RPGs but alien to most computer RPGs at the time. Japanese console RPGs were also generally more faster-paced and
3009:
elements in an RPG, requiring the player to infiltrate a castle, rewarding the player if the entire chapter can be completed without engaging in combat. Other chapters had similar innovations, such as Akira's chapter where the character uses telepathic powers to discover information.
1219:
successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom, which is short for Family Computer. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. The console was released on July 15, 1983, as the Family Computer (or Famicom for short) alongside three
2011:
made its debut in the Japanese market and it was a tremendous success. The console had an elegant, "eye-catching" design, and it was very small compared to its rivals. The PC Engine, TurboGrafx-16, known as TurboGrafx-16 in the rest of the world, was a collaborative effort between
163:, almost immediately establishing itself as a major publisher in the space. Shigeru Miyamoto remains internationally renowned as a "father of video gaming" and is the only game developer so far to receive Japan's highest civilian honor for artists, the 文化功労者 (bunka kōrōsha) or
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noted that "Atari collapsed because they gave too much freedom to third-party developers and the market was swamped with rubbish games". In response, Nintendo limited the number of titles that third-party developers could release for their system each year, and promoted its
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stand-up arcade machines for art, and a plastic marquee. It was the first game ever sold as a conversion only. According to former Universal Sales western regional sales manager Joe Morici, the company sold approximately 30,000 copies of the game in the United States alone.
3649:
Related to the isolationism, games developed in Western countries did not perform well in Japan, whereas Japanese games were readily played by Western market consumers. Foreign games often sell more poorly in Japanese markets due to differences in what consumers expect for
545:
The term "JRPG" was coined by Western media because Japanese-developed RPGs had distinct elements that set it apart from RPGs developed in the West. The settings in Western RPGs tend to be inspired by fantasy and science-fiction literature while JRPGs have been inspired by
591:. VNs often contained sexual content in the beginning when VNs were first developed for the PC, but when VNs were starting to be published for game consoles as well, family-friendly versions were also released. Like manga, popular VNs were also adapted into anime such as
3093:
featured a storyline that could be told differently from the perspectives of up to eight different characters and introduced a level-scaling system where the enemies get stronger as the characters do, a mechanic that was later used in a number of later RPGs, including
4103:
crafted a strategy for revitalizing Nintendo's business model, which included approaching the mobile market, creating new hardware, and "maximizing intellectual property". Prior to his death, Iwata was able to secure a business alliance with Japanese mobile provider
582:
are text-based story video games where players can usually make decisions at multiple points of the story and achieve different endings. VNs are novel-like, but also include character visuals and artwork to complement with different scenes in the story and sometimes
3509:
In 2002, the Japanese video game industry made up about 50% of the global market; that share has since shrunk to around 10% by 2010. The shrinkage in market share has been attributed to a difference of taste between Japanese and Western audiences, and the country's
2584:
noted that when "historians look back at the world of coin-op during the early 1990s, one of the defining highlights of the video game art form will undoubtedly focus on fighting/martial arts themes" which it described as "the backbone of the industry" at the time.
1934:
The late 1980s to early 1990s is considered the golden age of Japanese computer gaming, which would flourish until its decline around the mid-1990s, as consoles eventually dominated the Japanese market. A notable Japanese computer RPG from around this time was
7561:, computer and video game RPGs were still very much in the realm of hardcore fans and not very accessible to other players. So I decided to create a system that was easy to understand and emotionally involving, and then placed my story within that framework.
3995:
Since 2016, Japanese video games have been experiencing a resurgence, as part of a renaissance for the Japanese video game industry. In 2017, Japanese video games gained further commercial success and greater critical acclaim. In 2016, the global success of
2098:
mechanic with its demon-summoning system, which allowed the player to recruit enemies into their party, through a conversation system that gives the player a choice of whether to kill or spare an enemy and allows them to engage any opponent in conversation.
4162:
reported that these sales had eclipsed the lifetime sales of the Wii U in the country, and helped to support the first growth in sales within Japan's console market in eleven years. By May 2019, the Switch had overtaken the PS4's lifetime sales in Japan.
5759:
With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, Donkey Kong was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. ... Nintendo released Donkey Kong Junior in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 Popeye machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of Donkey J
1328:
Following the release of the Family Computer / Nintendo Entertainment System, the global video game industry began recovering, with annual sales exceeding $ 2.3 billion by 1988, with 70% of the market dominated by Nintendo. In 1986 Nintendo president
1814:
that audiences could relate to, making use of the RPG level-building gameplay as a way to represent this. It also featured elements still found in most console RPGs, like major quests interwoven with minor subquests, an incremental spell system, the
2637:, but bullet hell games were yet more inward-looking and aimed at dedicated fans of the genre looking for greater challenges. While shooter games featuring protagonists on foot largely moved to 3D-based genres, popular, long-running series such as
4126:. The design of the Switch was aimed to bridge the polarization of the gaming market at the time, creating a device that could play "leisurely" video games along with games that are aimed to be played "deeply", according to Shinya Takahashi and
1215:, but in Japan, it was more of a surprise to developers, and typically known in Japan as the "Atari Shock". After the video game crash, analysts doubted the long-term viability of the video game industry. At the same time, following a series of
10688:
3289:, and much higher production values. The latter includes innovations such as the use of 3D characters on pre-rendered backgrounds, battles viewed from multiple different angles rather than a single angle, and for the first time full-motion
2942:
further expanded on this by having unique storylines for each character that can change depending on the player's actions, including who is chosen, what is said in conversation, what events have occurred, and who is present in the party.
3612:
The decline of the Japanese video game development industry during this period was partially attributed to the traditional development process. Japanese companies were criticized for long development times and slow release dates on home
1060:
Other Japanese arcade games established new concepts that would become fundamentals in video games. Use of color graphics and individualized antagonists were considered "strong evolutionary concepts" among space ship games. The Namco's
2974:
environment,. The game received considerable acclaim, and is seen as one of the greatest RPGs of all time, for improvements such as its broadened thematic scope, plotlines, characters, multiple-choice scenarios, and variation of play.
2450:, which featured an innovative and original branching storyline, which spans three generations of characters and can be altered depending on which character the protagonist of each generation marries, leading to four possible endings.
3689:
became the strongest player in the arcade market with 60% marketshare in 2006. Despite the global decline of arcades, Japanese companies hit record revenue for three consecutive years during this period. However, due to the country's
4152:
With 2017 year end Japanese sales data from Media Create, the Switch became the fastest-selling home console in Japan in first year sales, with its total sales of 3.2 million units exceeding the 3.0 million units of the
764:
gameplay established by popular titles to make new ones. However, several new concepts came out of these Japanese-developed games, and performed well in both Japan and in re-licensed versions in the United States, such as Taito's
2476:
does not stop. The fact that enemies can attack or be attacked at any time is credited with injecting urgency and excitement into the combat system. The ATB combat system was considered revolutionary for being a hybrid between
1727:, which gave the player greater control over the choice of weaponry, thus introducing another element of strategy. The game also introduced the need for the player to memorise levels in order to achieve any measure of success.
941:) because the developers were unable to render the movement of aircraft; in turn, the aliens replaced human enemies because of moral concerns (regarding the portrayal of killing humans) on the part of Taito. As with subsequent
358:. This is most likely due to many Japanese people having daily, long commutes on the train or bus versus time at home and the mobile phone being portable and convenient. The main characteristic of mobiles games is being
2175:(1986) "helped to establish a new subgenre of action-adventure", becoming a success due to how it combined elements from different genres to create a compelling hybrid, including exploration, adventure-style inventory
17678:
993:. Video game arcades sprang up in shopping malls, and small "corner arcades" appeared in restaurants, grocery stores, bars and movie theaters all over Japan and other countries during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
3352:(1998), introduced an element of narrative to the genre. It was critically acclaimed for its refined design, though it was not released outside Japan and remains a much sought after collector's item. Its successor
4073:, Nintendo had planned to diminish production of the Wii U. It formally announced the end of its production on January 31, 2017. The company had posted its first loss as a video game company in 2012 prior to the
2459:
was one of the first role-playing games to feature a complex, involving plot, placing a much greater emphasis on character development, personal relationships, and dramatic storytelling. It also introduced a new
1692:, he stated that his "designs were always 3D from the beginning. All the calculations in the system were 3D, even from Hang-On. I calculated the position, scale, and zoom rate in 3D and converted it backwards to
1763:
with justice, normal, or evil, which is affected by whether the player kills evil monsters, good monsters, or humans, and in turn affects the reactions of the townsfolk towards the player. In the same year,
7825:
3429:. However, despite the genre's continued appeal to an enthusiastic niche of players, shoot 'em up developers are increasingly embattled financially by the power of home consoles and their attendant genres.
1721:, a rail shooter released in 1985, broke new ground graphically and its wide variety of settings across multiple levels gave players more to aim for than high scores. 1985 also saw the release of Konami's
17688:
1731:, with its iconic protagonist, defined the side-scrolling shoot 'em up and spawned a series spanning several sequels. The following year saw the emergence of one of Sega's forefront series with its game
3949:
Architecture used in the previous generation). Nintendo and Sony were not aware that they were all using AMD hardware until their consoles were announced. This shift was considered to be beneficial for
3001:, released for the Super Famicom in Japan, featured eight different characters and stories, with the first seven unfolding in any order the player chooses, as well as four different endings. The game's
1802:
thus made the game more accessible to a wider audience than previous computer RPGs. The game also placed a greater emphasis on storytelling and emotional involvement, building on Horii's previous work
1183:, released in 1982, is frequently cited as the first vertical scrolling shooter and, although it was in fact preceded by several other games of that type, it is considered one of the most influential.
949:". It popularised a more interactive style of gameplay with the enemies responding to the player-controlled cannon's movement, and it was the first video game to popularise the concept of achieving a
7899:
17602:
3975:
on October 31 in Japan, weekly Wii U sales spiked to 38,802 units sold. During the first two weeks of December, the Wii U was the top performing home console in Japan, with 123,665 units sold. In
2321:
which the player uses to interact with the world, in contrast to Japanese console RPGs which depicted pre-defined characters who had distinctive personalities, traits, and relationships, such as
2222:, dramatic, character-driven storyline dealing with serious themes and subject matter, and a strategy-based battle system. The game's science fiction story was also unique, reversing the common
1267:
system's hardware limitations led to design principles that still influence the development of modern video games. Many prominent game franchises originated on the NES, including Nintendo's own
17647:
2928:, which introduced the use of pre-programmable combat manoeuvers called 'macros', a means of setting up the player's party AI to deliver custom attack combos. That year also saw the release of
4108:
to develop mobile titles based on Nintendo's first-party franchises, believing this approach would not compromise their integrity. Following Iwata's death in July 2015, Kimishima was named as
961:
return fire at the protagonist, making them the first arcade game targets to do so. It set the template for the shoot 'em up genre, and has influenced most shooting games released since then.
672:
which used lights and plastic waves to simulate sinking ships from a submarine. It became an instant success in Japan, Europe, and North America, where it was the first arcade game to cost a
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staple. It was also one of the first games to feature a female protagonist and animated monster encounters, and allowed inter-planetary travel between three planets. Another 1987 title
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was to create a RPG that appeals to a wider audience unfamiliar with the genre or video games in general. This required the creation of a new kind of RPG, that didn't rely on previous
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1011:(1981) were especially popular. By 1981, the arcade video game industry was worth $ 8 billion ($ 26.8 billion in 2023). Some games of this era were so popular that they entered
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has also gained significant popularity on Steam, including hundreds of commercial games. Every year, hundreds of games released on Steam are created using RPG Maker, as of 2017.
13711:
13016:
3218:. However, it failed to make an impact in the marketplace due to its expense relative to other consoles and inability to compete with home computers. Around the mid-1990s, the
17652:
13048:
3890:(processing speed, higher-resolution graphics, and increased storage capacity) that further moved consoles into confluence with personal computers, and furthering support for
2680:
monster-collecting mechanic, where monsters can be defeated, captured, added to the party, and gain their own experience levels, also influenced many later franchises such as
2552:, setting off a renaissance for the arcade game industry in the early 1990s. Its success led to a wave of other popular games which mostly were in the fighting genre, such as
8449:
3311:
17597:
17562:
17517:
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in 1994. The game was later called the brainchild of company founder Naotoshi Zin, who was considered a key creative figure in the series. The eventual success of the first
2317:
was in the portrayal of the characters, with most American computer RPGs at the time having characters devoid of personality or background as their purpose was to represent
12791:
12616:
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of the time, the game was set in space as the available technology only permitted a black background. The game also introduced the idea of giving the player a number of "
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of consoles. Nintendo's market position was defined by their machine's increased video and sound capabilities, as well as exclusive first-party franchise titles such as
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considering that they would "cease to be Nintendo" and lose their identity if they attempted to enter it. About three years prior to the Switch's announcement, Iwata,
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490:. In 1985, a Japanese-translated version of D&D was the first TRPG to be published in Japan. TRPGs were not as popular in Japan compared to overseas, but after
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15800:
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1988:, and the player could upgrade equipment and earn experience to raise stats. Unlike first-person RPGs at the time that were restricted to 90-degree movements,
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pitted the player against multiple enemies descending from the top of the screen at a constantly increasing speed. The game used alien creatures inspired by
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4014:
was also a major success, selling millions. There were also other Japanese RPGs that earned commercial success and/or critical acclaim that year, including
3752:
titles. Japanese developers have been increasingly considering Steam as a viable platform for the genre, with many Japanese RPGs available on the platform.
2364:, as well as acquire new and advanced classes and combine class abilities, during the course of the game. That same year also saw the release of Nintendo's
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in 1978. In Japan, both consoles and computers became major industries, with the console market dominated by Nintendo and the computer market dominated by
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Game Genres: Shmups|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Professor Jim Whitehead, January 29, 2007. Accessed June 17, 2008
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system called "Tactics" which allowed the player to modify the strategies used by the allied party members while maintaining full control of the hero.
13561:
4016:
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generation. In 2011, Sony considered themselves only halfway through a ten-year lifecycle for their seventh-generation offerings. Nintendo president
2510:
757:
which at this time was primarily manufacturing traditional and electronic toys, also entered the arcade game market in the latter part of the 1970s.
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7792:
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In the 2010s, Japanese RPGs have been experiencing a resurgence on PC, with a significant increase in the number of Japanese RPGs releasing for the
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The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world
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3961:
announced that its Wii U sales saw a 75% sales increase. The company also predicted that the Wii U would be more popular than its competition, the
3711:(2007) for Steam, selling over 500,000 units on the platform. This led to many Japanese doujin/indie games releasing on Steam in subsequent years.
8101:
4348:, the highest for a new game launched during January–March 2019 and the third highest of any Japanese game in the platform's history, behind only
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in October 2010 for being the "most prolific fan-made shooter series". The genre has undergone something of a resurgence with the release of the
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at any time, and the limit breaks, special attacks that can be performed after a character's limit meter fills up by taking hits from opponents.
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becoming widely popular in Japan, such that local municipalities were forced to place restrictions on where and when the game could be sold, the
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perspective inside buildings, while bosses were fought in an arena-style 2D battle, with the game featuring a variety of weapons and equipment.
500:
in 1986, RPGs began to gain traction amongst Japanese consumers. Soon after, multiple Japanese publishers were releasing RPG franchises such as
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11998:
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8908:
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console, the Super NES eventually took the top selling position, selling 49.10 million units worldwide, and would remain popular well into the
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released in Japan on November 21, 1990; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours. Despite stiff competition from the
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The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond: the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world
3782:. The Japanese market today is becoming increasingly dominated by mobile games, which generated $ 5.1 billion in 2013, more than traditional
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which became a million-seller on the platform, and other titles that sold hundreds of thousands on Steam, such as the 2014 localization of
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9021:
8184:
7409:
2418:
14791:
14262:
13169:
12700:
10216:
8427:
Adams, Roe R. (November 1990), "Westward Ho! (Toward Japan, That Is): An Overview of the Evolution of CRPGs on Dedicated Game Machines",
8130:
Adams, Roe R. (November 1990), "Westward Ho! (Toward Japan, That Is): An Overview of the Evolution of CRPGs on Dedicated Game Machines",
7045:
6793:
Adams, Roe R. (November 1990), "Westward Ho! (Toward Japan, That Is): An Overview of the Evolution of CRPGs on Dedicated Game Machines",
2924:
1587:
in 1989, is the earliest example of a game with a feature set that falls under the contemporary definition of modern real-time strategy.
644:
474:
13073:
10191:
8723:
15951:
12864:
12477:
12319:
11729:
9506:
6295:
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4148:
estimated that more than 500,000 Switch units were sold in Japan within its first month, beating out the PlayStation 4 to this figure.
3625:
stated in 2009 that the Japanese game industry had become "almost xenophobic." He also stated: "The lag with the US is very clear. The
13497:
11906:
11288:
9385:
465:, and others. Gacha games can often have different game elements such as combat and serve as an RPG or contain rhythm game game-play.
15908:
13703:
12644:
11262:
9481:
9046:
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3446:
13956:
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7146:
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On September 13, 2012, Nintendo announced that the Wii U would launch in Japan on December 8, 2012. The PlayStation 4 and Wii U use
66:, and the country is considered one of the most influential in video gaming. Japanese game development is often identified with the
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8457:
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4191:
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702.9 billion (US$ 8.7 billion) in 2007 to ¥504.3 billion ($ 6.2 billion) in 2010. In 2013, estimation of revenue is ¥470 billion.
2401:
2299:
1389:
1106:
13237:
12254:
11976:
11371:
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7015:
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3979:(FY) 2013 (ending early 2013), Nintendo sold 23.7 million consoles. By February 26, 2014, Wii U sales had surpassed those of the
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2342:
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1737:. The game received acclaim for its surreal graphics and setting and the protagonist, Opa-Opa, was for a time considered Sega's
155:(NES) internationally. Sony, already one of the world's largest electronics manufacturers, entered the market in 1994 with the
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raised the possibilities for the genre, with its more expansive world to explore, much longer quest, more numerous sidequests,
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A new type of shoot 'em up emerged in the early 1990s: variously termed "bullet hell", "manic shooters", "maniac shooters" and
2446:
2391:
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as a coin-op arcade game that was particularly acclaimed for its multi-directional aiming and two player cooperative gameplay.
111:
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5905:
5639:
2625:. Bullet hell games marked another point where the shoot 'em up genre began to cater to more dedicated players. Games such as
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content to consoles, though such content had often appeared in Japanese computer RPGs since the early 1980s. That same year,
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350:
reportedly had the highest player rate amongst its owners versus the player rate amongst owners of game consoles such as the
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The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World
6356:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World
6238:
6142:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond- The Story That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World
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Page 16: " The domestic market has continued to expand for five years and has set new records for three consecutive years."
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10641:
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3734:, which sold millions on the platform. Other Japanese RPGs were subsequently ported to Steam, such as the previously niche
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3238:
graphics, improved sound, and better 2D graphics, than the previous generation. By 1995, personal computers followed, with
13900:
Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time
13643:
12759:
12528:
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10913:
3992:, heightened demand for the PS4 helped Sony top global console sales, beating Nintendo for the first time in eight years.
1157:
expanded to over 50 games on multiple systems. As of March 31, 2021, the game series has sold 36 million units worldwide.
889:. Numerous other dedicated home consoles were made mostly by television manufacturers, leading these systems to be called
14734:
13542:
12347:
12081:
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were some of the early adopters of arcade games in Japan, first distributing American games before developing their own.
17:
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Last year, arcade game revenues were approximately $ 5 billion, compared to $ 8 billion in 1981 and $ 7 billion in 1982.
3589:(2022), received critical acclaim and strong sales. They have also received a number of awards, primarily those for the
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hydraulic arcade cabinets in many arcade games of the late 1980s, two decades before motion controls became popular on
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2337:-oriented than their American computer counterparts. During the 1990s, console RPGs had become increasingly dominant.
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4615:"The Substitution Effect of Mobile Games on Console Games: An Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Video Game Industry"
4262:
4022:
3626:
2056:
was an early stereoscopic 3-D shooter played from a third-person perspective, followed later that year by its sequel
282:
is a major game genre innovated by Japan and remains popular both domestically and internationally, with titles like
11628:
11223:
8534:
4822:"From Novels to Video Games: Romantic Love and Narrative Form in Japanese Visual Novels and Romance Adventure Games"
4166:
In 2017, Japanese RPGs gained further commercial success and greater critical acclaim. The year started strong with
3677:
at $ 3.5 billion and $ 2 billion, respectively. In 2005, arcade ownership and operation accounted for a majority of
366:. In 2015, mobile game publishers had more than twice the ordinary income rate as console game publishers in Japan.
147:
playing card vendor, rose to prominence during the 1980s with the release of the home video game console called the
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14754:
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13299:
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introduced a new method of storytelling: segmenting the plot into segregated chapters. The game also introduced an
1853:
Shoot 'em ups featuring characters on foot, rather than spacecraft, became popular in the mid-1980s in the wake of
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990:
722:
312:
115:
67:
11755:
Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2009, 8th International Conference, Paris, France, September 3-5, 2009. Proceedings
4514:
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However, as detailed above, Japanese console games became less successful, even in their own country, as of 2013.
3129:
within a time limit, or not to respond at all within that time; the player's choice, or lack thereof, affects the
1662:
1623:(1987) introduced the use of special moves that could only be discovered by experimenting with the game controls.
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16970:
16568:
16493:
16213:
14816:
14692:
14524:
14013:
14002:
13363:
11753:
Sambe, Yukiharu (2009). "Japan's Arcade Games and Their Technology". In Natkin, Stéphane; Dupire, Jérôme (eds.).
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also made advances to the action role-playing game subgenre, being a true action RPG that combined the real-time
449:
13883:
12813:
4763:
4210:. Some Japanese RPGs that were previously considered niche became mainstream million-sellers in 2017, including
1510:
were influential in Japan, where they laid the foundations for the action RPG genre, influencing titles such as
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in the movie industry. With a record-breaking production budget of around $ 45 million, the ambitious scope of
2709:
2069:
2044:, employing slower-paced scrolling than usual, with difficult levels calling for methodical strategies. 1990's
1760:
1382:
107:
14379:
13451:
9773:
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1629:(1991) established the conventions of the fighting game genre and allowed players to play against each other.
519:
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16488:
16263:
15828:
14519:
14073:
13482:
12581:
11813:
11349:
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going into virtually every location in the country even a few funeral homes had video games in the basements
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3036:
was designed to appeal to a younger audience, allowed team customization, and each robot was kept in a ball.
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2386:
1755:
1441:
elements. The trend of combining role-playing elements with arcade-style action mechanics was popularized by
1338:", which it allowed to be used on games and peripherals by publishers that met Nintendo's quality standards.
1116:
1019:. The game was so popular upon its release in 1978 that an urban legend blamed it for a national shortage of
923:
would mark the first major mainstream breakthrough for video games in Japan. Created by Nishikado at Japan's
821:
338:
152:
148:
10449:
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8829:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World
8559:
7629:
6613:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World
6547:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World
6511:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World
6091:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World
5740:
The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World
3122:
1085:, a mechanic that has now become common in the majority of modern action games. It also featured vertically
17786:
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16498:
16483:
16348:
16256:
15404:
15254:
14702:
14514:
14061:
12181:
11954:
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4077:'s introduction that year, and had similar losses in the following years due to the console's poor uptake.
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3044:
2834:
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system that influences the direction and outcome of the storyline, leading to different possible paths and
2649:
continued to receive new sequels. Rail shooters have rarely been released in the new millennium, with only
2554:
2184:
1786:
published the game in early 1986, it became the template for future console RPGs. Horii's intention behind
673:
12053:
11933:
8479:
7883:
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8701:
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3179:(1996), which coined the term "survival horror" and defined the genre. The game was inspired by Capcom's
2461:
2050:
was the beginning of another acclaimed and enduring series to emerge from this period. In 1987, Square's
1548:
had an expansive, coherent open world design, inspiring many games to adopt a similar open world design.
1306:
986:
278:
and many others have gained critical acclaim and continue to garner a large international following. The
256:
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history, drawing nearly 900,000 viewers within 24 hours of release and won "Game of the Year" award at
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17482:
17315:
17279:
17163:
16790:
16590:
16430:
16355:
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14466:
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13982:
12498:
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received universal acclaim. The title made the third-most-popular debut on the video-sharing platforms
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3149:
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combat, with its requirement of faster reactions from players appealing to those who were more used to
2371:
2125:
2104:
1977:
1928:
1859:
1670:
1476:
1405:
1291:
483:
429:
343:
79:
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10284:
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were sold. PS4 software unit sales surpassed 20.5 million on April 13, 2014. During Japan's 2013
3398:
was released on Xbox Live Arcade in 2005 and in particular stood out from the various re-releases and
3358:(2001) featured improved graphics and was again acclaimed as one of the best games in the genre. Both
2619:
main creator Tsuneki Ikeda, after the latter company collapsed) inventing the type proper with 1995's
1421:) became popular and influential in Japan, even more so than at home. Japanese developers created the
1242:. The Famicom was slow to gather momentum; a bad chip set caused the initial release of the system to
17397:
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16960:
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15937:
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14208:
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computer in 1983 and later ported to the NES in 1985, is credited for laying the foundations for the
3155:
2672:
1973:
1819:
storyline that many RPGs follow, and a romance element that remains a staple of the genre, alongside
1697:
1346:
1226:
1170:
1035:
969:
713:, featured electronic sound and a moving film strip to represent the targets on a projection screen.
513:
13768:] (press release) (in Japanese), Sony Interactive Entertainment, October 8, 2019, archived from
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setting and its emphasis on humour; the plot and characters were inspired by the Japanese folk tale
143:
hit in Japan, preceding several decades of success in the arcade industry there. Nintendo, a former
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consoles in Japan with poor success, at they struggled to compete against Sony and Nintendo there.
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Nintendo had seen record revenues, net sales and profits in 2009 as a result of the release of the
2886:
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2227:
1526:
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selling millions. In 2018, the country had an estimate of 67.6 million players in its game market.
178:
culture in Japan, which overlaps with video gaming heavily. Japanese video game franchises such as
164:
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8754:
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5378:
3902:
of the seventh generation had waned in popularity, but consoles were preparing for advancement of
3451:
3265:
consoles. The implications for RPGs were enormous—longer, more involved quests, better audio, and
3028:
in the sense that the protagonist does not himself fight, but sends out his robots to do so. Like
125:
The space is known for the catalogs of several major publishers, all of whom have competed in the
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were very subtle, its success in Japan inspired the near-simultaneous development of three early
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135:
11977:"Japanese console market down as mobile gaming takes over | Games industry news | MCV"
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and indeed contemporary critics considered military themes and protagonists similar to Rambo or
760:
As in the United States, many of the early Japanese arcade games were based on the principle of
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8480:"The History of Computer Role-Playing Games Part III: The Platinum and Modern Ages (1994–2004)"
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in 2004 and 2006, respectively, but in Nintendo's subsequent years, its revenues had declined.
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Johnson, Gerry; Whittington, Richard; Scholes, Kevan; Angwin, Duncan; Regnér, Patrick (2014).
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10220:
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9161:
8968:
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4795:
A Fantasy without a Dream: Japanese Role-Playing Games and the Absence of the Expressive Ideal
4613:
Yamaguchi, Shinichi; Iyanaga, Kotaro; Sakaguchi, Hirohide; Tanaka, Tatsuo (November 9, 2017).
4482:"You can now rent Sega's iconic Building 2 Akihabara arcade space, but it'll cost you...A LOT"
1173:
shooter with forced scrolling. It was the first scrolling shooter to offer multiple, distinct
701:, appeared in 1969; it featured animated moving targets on a screen, printed out the player's
17592:
17557:
17284:
17274:
17264:
17259:
17254:
17229:
17219:
17188:
17178:
17112:
17100:
16780:
16749:
16739:
16515:
16365:
16243:
16174:
15823:
15174:
15106:
14998:
14936:
14902:
14872:
14801:
14631:
14626:
14594:
14146:
13975:
11789:
10563:
10195:
9510:
8733:
8429:
8132:
7989:
7965:
7941:
6795:
6666:
5852:
5701:
5222:
4350:
4310:
4232:. 2017 was considered a strong year for Japanese RPGs, with other notable releases including
4040:
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3438:
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2334:
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theme in favour of a modern science-fiction setting and horror theme. It also introduced the
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online services, while in Japan arcade shoot 'em ups retain a deep-rooted niche popularity.
1745:
device of allowing the player to control the direction of flight and along with the earlier
1570:(1988) is regarded as a precursor to the real-time strategy genre, being the predecessor to
865:, had been released in the U.S. in 1971, of which Nintendo had partnered to manufacture the
17442:
17417:
17269:
17239:
17143:
17138:
17069:
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16843:
16734:
16578:
16374:
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15666:
15603:
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15477:
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14116:
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11292:
9485:
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4392:
4365:
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3681:'s for example. With considerable withdrawal from the arcade market from companies such as
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for having laid the foundations for modern Japanese RPGs with its progressive, non-linear,
2934:, which further expanded the non-linear gameplay of its predecessor. While in the original
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119:
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genre, or "simulation RPG" genre as it is known in Japan, with its blend of basic RPG and
2893:
into the genre. The game was created by a team previously responsible for the first three
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enough money until they get their desired character. Notable Japanese gacha games include
8:
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https://www.segasammy.co.jp/english/ir/library/pdf/printing_annual/2008/e_2008_annual.pdf
11111:
10675:
10376:
7652:"The Uncanny Valley of Love: The challenges and rewards of crafting a video game romance"
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development, due to the increased similarities between PC hardware and console hardware.
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1534:(1984) was an early open world game, rewarding exploration in an open world environment.
1518:
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1418:
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per play, which would remain the standard price for arcade games for many years to come.
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192:
13791:"Sony clarifies "overwhelming majority" of PS4 games will be backward compatible on PS5"
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attributed Nintendo lowering financial forecasts in 2014 to weak hardware sales against
2728:, an open-world RPG by Square that offered many choices and allowed players to complete
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In the early 1990s, the arcades experienced a major resurgence with the 1991 release of
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Interview with Jack Tretton, president and CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment America.
12132:"PlayStation Chief Jack Tretton: How To Sell Vita, Navigate Clouds, and Debut The PS4"
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concerns about the inconsistency of internet speeds available globally, especially in
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in 1979 introduced multi-colored animated sprites. That same year saw the release of
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695:
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204:
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which has gameplay and storytelling thought to be some of the best in recent years.
2548:
and revived the arcade industry to a level of popularity not seen since the days of
1704:, which the player moves with their body. This began the "Taikan" trend, the use of
1365:(1982). A key difference between Western and Japanese computers at the time was the
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4087:. Previously, the company had been hesitant about this market, with then-president
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system where, during an event or conversation, the player must choose an action or
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on a ticket, and had volume-controllable sound-effects. Another Sega 1969 release,
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Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming, Volumen 1
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elements. The genre became with the game that set the template for tactical RPGs,
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not perceived, by many of the players, to be as exciting as the Japanese imports.
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Action adventures were basically arcade games done in a fantasy setting such as
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became popular in Japan. The X68000 and FM Towns were capable of producing near
869:
accessory for the console, while Atari began releasing home console versions of
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12235:"AMD's Saeid Moshkelani on building custom silicon for PlayStation 4 and Wii U"
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The next major revolution came in the mid-to-late 1990s, which saw the rise of
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542:, and many others that were very popular with Japanese and overseas consumers.
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13332:"The Switch has officially sold more than the PlayStation 2 in its first year"
13003:"Players More Important Than Money, Nintendo Pres. Says About Smartphone Deal"
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graphics and sound quality when they first released in the mid-to-late 1980s.
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12320:"Japanese game charts: Puzzles & Dragons Z tops software, Wii U sales up"
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led to a wave of games that combine the RPG and dating sim genres, including
2938:, scenarios were changed according to dialogue choices during conversations,
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14141:
13396:"For The First Time In 11 Years, The Japanese Console Game Market Has Grown"
11757:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5709. Springer. p. 338.
9671:
8946:
8657:
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7970:
6735:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier Retro Japanese Computers"
6270:
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5286:
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of Nintendo, while Miyamoto was promoted to the title of "Creative Fellow".
3998:
3714:
Beyond doujin/indie titles, 2012 was a breakthrough year, with the debut of
3403:
1958:
1369:, with Japanese systems using a higher resolution of 640x400 to accommodate
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15137:
15003:
14831:
14650:
14175:
14163:
14158:
14136:
14131:
14126:
13174:
10326:
9858:"Romancing SaGa 2 doesn't get enough credit for helping shape modern JRPGs"
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2219:
2090:
for the Nintendo Famicom abandoned the common medieval fantasy setting and
1984:
battle. The game featured a variety of weapons and equipment as well as an
1980:
perspective inside buildings, while bosses are fought in an arena-style 2D
1888:
1854:
1844:
1733:
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140:
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14213:
13202:"Nintendo Switch launch sales are good news — but not great news yet"
5976:
Things To Do At Disneyland 2014: The Ultimate Unauthorized Adventure Guide
4731:
2698:. In turn, the concept of collecting everything in a game, in the form of
1798:, and that could appeal to any kind of gamer. The streamlined gameplay of
838:
17726:
17021:
16902:
16876:
16699:
16672:
16650:
16453:
16402:
16046:
15981:
15855:
15344:
14406:
14170:
13904:
13822:
13336:
12786:
12645:"2017: The Year Japanese RPGs Caught Up To Western RPGs - GameRevolution"
11633:
9898:
8394:
Swords & circuitry: a designer's guide to computer role playing games
8240:"The Greatest Games of All Time: Phantasy Star II – Features at GameSpot"
6751:
5804:
5744:
5329:
4908:
4838:
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million units, becoming Capcom's best-selling single software title, and
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3971:
3779:
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3720:
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3622:
3618:
3518:
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remained considerably more advanced than home systems in the late 1990s.
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3126:
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3102:
3049:
2997:
2967:
2918:
2914:
2848:
2839:
2748:
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was the most prolific action-adventure game series through to the 2000s.
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2013:
1950:
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334:
180:
160:
91:
14240:
13074:"How the Polarization Of Video Games Spurred the Creation of the Switch"
13039:"Nintendo Switch to launch globally on March 3, to cost $ 300 in the US"
9752:"Secret of Mana for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad on the iTunes App Store"
8634:
7251:
5059:"The Foundation of Geemu: A Brief History of Early Japanese video games"
3813:
1995:
1599:
from 1984 is credited with establishing and popularizing the one-on-one
16948:
16924:
16871:
16759:
16463:
16382:
15990:
15063:
14428:
14330:
14278:
14191:
13562:"Monster Hunter: World is now the best-selling title in Capcom history"
12906:
12611:
12255:"AMD won the next-gen console war, and PC gamers could reap the reward"
10165:
9667:
9338:
8345:
7576:
Japan on the upswing: why the bubble burst and Japan's economic renewal
5787:
Since February 1980, Midway has sold in excess of 40,000 Galaxian games
5513:
4933:
The video game explosion: a history from PONG to PlayStation and beyond
4433:
4414:
4384:
4256:
4136:
3730:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3207:
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and allowed more detailed graphics. Japanese computers were also using
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954:
881:. It was followed by the first successful Japanese console, Nintendo's
767:
623:
588:
555:
441:
409:
363:
268:
228:
59:
17332:
5256:
The Foundation of Geemu: A Brief History of Early Japanese video games
4115:
The Switch was officially released on March 3, 2017, in Japan with an
3694:, the Japanese arcade industry has also been steadily declining, from
2682:
1876:(1982) established the upwards-scrolling formula later popularized by
186:
16722:
16640:
16343:
16321:
15153:
14456:
14300:
14290:
13888:
13795:
13616:
13211:
13170:"Nintendo sells 313,700 Switch consoles in Japan over launch weekend"
12977:
12259:
12158:
11885:
11660:
9701:
8970:
Gamers: writers, artists & programmers on the pleasures of pixels
8484:
7552:
6939:
4962:
4202:
3969:, among children during the holiday season. Following the release of
3822:
3772:
3707:
3461:
3277:
3269:. This was clearly demonstrated in 1997 by the phenomenal success of
2971:
2783:
2734:
2412:
2269:
2008:
2000:
1850:
is still considered a bellwether for the Japanese video game market.
1701:
1689:
1643:
1590:
1191:
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1073:
1007:
900:
874:
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842:
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171:
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and the country is home to many notable video game companies such as
48:
36:
15929:
11730:"The truth about Japan: a postcard from the Japanese games industry"
10070:"'Dark Souls' Creator Miyazaki on 'Zelda,' Sequels and Starting Out"
7572:
6467:(First ed.). Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. pp.
6326:
The Infomedia Revolution: How it is Changing Our World and Your Life
3376:
series spans 22 years and 27 games as of 2018 and was listed in the
3084:
series. The latter would propel FromSoftware to international fame.
2702:
or similar rewards, has since become a common trend in video games.
2360:", a character progression engine allowing the player to change the
2230:
as the invading antagonists rather than the defending protagonists.
2040:, an acclaimed side-scrolling shoot 'em up, was released in 1987 by
1177:. Vertical scrolling shooters emerged around the same time. Namco's
1153:
screen. It was the earliest Nintendo product to gain major success.
16986:
16938:
16884:
16810:
16800:
16679:
16392:
13928:
13855:
Dungeons & Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games
13461:
13007:
12239:
11938:
11520:
10781:
10756:
10670:
10477:
10279:
9862:
9608:
8853:"Why Super Nintendo Is the Reason You're Still Playing Video Games"
8728:
8244:
8012:
7020:
6360:(First ed.). Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. p.
6204:
6146:(First ed.). Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. p.
5671:
4937:
4428:
4174:
3980:
3966:
3659:
3651:
3381:
3326:
3012:
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2611:(1993) provided the prototypical template for this new breed, with
2607:
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with the level-building and spell-casting of traditional RPGs like
2241:
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1041:
946:
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687:
359:
144:
71:
15147:
12814:"Wii U Production Has Officially Ended For Japan [Update]"
11489:
Exploring Strategy, 10th Ed, Pearson Education, 2014: Organization
9934:. Vol. 64, no. 11. IDG Communications. pp. 192–194.
4496:"Sega Akihabara Building No. 2 Closes, Losing Its Iconic Branding"
3629:
was not good in the past but it has now attracted people from the
1759:
in 1985 featured an early morality meter, where the player can be
16286:
15239:
15159:
15086:
15081:
13967:
13270:"Japanese console market grows for the first time in three years"
12936:"Nintendo's Big Switch: Q&A With President Tatsumi Kimishima"
12568:
10611:
10609:
10584:
10582:
10580:
10558:
10247:
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6819:
5888:
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between these cultures. Microsoft had attempted to push both the
3630:
3354:
3235:
3215:
3200:
2980:
2793:
2752:
2694:
2688:
2602:
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2150:
2114:
combined sci-fi & fantasy setting that set it apart from the
1985:
1747:
1723:
1638:
1530:
1486:
1474:
gameplay with stronger RPG mechanics, all released in late 1984:
1281:
1221:
1179:
1053:
845:'s TV Tennis Electrotennis, Japan's first home video game console
12298:"Wii U sales in Japan surpass PS3, Vita, and Xbox 360 this week"
11880:
9655:
8450:"East Is West: How Two Classic RPGs Prove the Stereotypes False"
7716:
Bielby, Matt, "The YS Complete Guide To Shoot-'em-ups Part II",
6230:
5878:
Playing With Power: Great Ideas That Have Changed Gaming Forever
3805:, are now working together to keep the arcade industry vibrant.
3705:
platform. This began with the 2010 release of doujin/indie game
15169:
15091:
15068:
15053:
15008:
14342:
13527:
13400:
13078:
12701:"Did 2016 truly hold up as a comeback year for the JRPG genre?"
12136:
11485:
11038:
9022:"For Amusement Only: the life and death of the American arcade"
5765:
5509:
Power-up: how Japanese video games gave the world an extra life
4764:"Bayonetta & Devil May Cry Creator Defends the Term "JRPG""
4612:
3938:
3790:
3682:
3571:
was released in 2016. Other FromSoftware games inspired by the
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2535:
2265:
2231:
2036:
1954:
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Arcade culture is a major influence among young Japanese, with
95:
87:
47:
game center on Chuo Dori, in front of the LAOX Aso-Bit-City in
31:
13138:"19 Things Nintendo's President Told Us About Switch and More"
11814:"Video Games Daily | Yu Suzuki: The Kikizo Interview (Page 2)"
10621:
10606:
10594:
10577:
9763:
9761:
9656:
Parish, Jeremy; Frank Cifaldi; Kevin Gifford (December 2003).
8805:
3206:
is considered the world's first 32-bit console (predating the
16931:
16772:
15143:
14993:
14989:
13998:
13704:"The Game Awards 2019 Winners: Sekiro Takes Game Of The Year"
13644:"Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice has best Steam launch of the year"
13106:"The 8 Most Interesting Things Nintendo Told Us About Switch"
10727:"1982-1987 - The Birth of Japanese RPGs, re-told in 15 Games"
10243:"Sakura Wars Comes to America, But is it Too Late to Matter?"
10161:なぜいまマゾゲーなの? ゲーマーの間で評判の“即死ゲー”「Demon's Souls」(デモンズソウル)開発者インタビュー
8831:. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. pp. 413–414.
6952:"IGN India discusses game design: Combat in open world games"
5092:
Arcade Mania! The Turbo-Charged World of Japan's Game Centers
4667:
Lakić, Nikola; Bernik, Andrija; Čep, Andrej (July 13, 2023).
4074:
3858:
3838:
3794:
3760:
3678:
3002:
2909:. The game received considerable acclaim, for its innovative
2776:
2329:
2282:. The music for the game was also composed by noted musician
2087:
2029:
2025:
1966:
1927:
side-scrolling view in outdoor areas to a fully 3D polygonal
1820:
1751:(1985), is an early archetype of the "cute 'em up" subgenre.
1696:. So I was always thinking in 3D." It was controlled using a
1677:
scaling was handled in a similar manner to textures in later
1452:
1211:
The North American video game industry was devastated by the
1024:
924:
816:
750:
746:
551:
547:
175:
83:
63:
52:
13734:"Exclusive: What to Expect From Sony's Next-Gen PlayStation"
5346:
3778:
In the present day, Japan is the world's largest market for
3402:
available on the service. The PC has also seen its share of
2218:
established many conventions of the RPG genre, including an
13043:
12028:"PlayStation Boss: 'One In 20' PS4 Buyers Also Bought PSVR"
11414:"Edge Presents: The 100 Greatest Video Games of All Time".
9758:
6988:
6936:
1982–1987 – The Birth of Japanese RPGs, re-told in 15 Games
4186:
4130:, general manager and deputy general manager of Nintendo's
4116:
4105:
3802:
3686:
3306:
2708:, released in 1992 for the SNES, introduced an early moral
2569:
2381:
2272:
and voice acting. The game's plot was also unusual for its
2100:
2041:
1783:
1659:
1316:
989:
arcade video game. Its success marked the beginning of the
826:
790:
741:
655:
491:
279:
75:
44:
12840:"Nintendo's Wii U Takes Aim at a Changed Video Game World"
12445:"Nintendo Officially Announces Wii U Production is Ending"
10940:
10938:
10554:"The Essential 50 Part 38: Final Fantasy VII from 1UP.com"
9142:
9130:
9072:
9070:
9068:
8164:"IGN Presents the History of Zelda - Retro Feature at IGN"
7823:
7356:
7354:
7170:
5923:"Wii.com - Iwata Asks: Super Mario Bros. 25th Anniversary"
5771:
3621:, and for being too insular to appeal to a global market.
2208:
that was hosted by Nintendo until 2001. At the same year,
13428:"Nintendo Switch Overtakes PS4's Lifetime Sales In Japan"
13304:
12901:
12449:
11237:"Elden Ring shipments and digital sales top 16.6 million"
11224:
Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2014
10967:, GameSpot, November 23, 2005. Accessed February 13, 2009
10702:"Dark Age of JRPGs (1): The Dragon & Princess (1982)"
10272:
10109:
9881:(Super Nintendo Entertainment System). Square Soft, Inc.
9555:
9553:
8909:"A Brief History of Game Consoles, as Seen in Old TV Ads"
8747:
8586:
Final Fantasy Anthology North American instruction manual
8102:"Miracle Warriors: Seal of the Dark Lord / Haja no fuuin"
7906:, GameSpot, November 17, 2004. Accessed February 13, 2009
7870:
4959:"Killer Shark: The Undersea Horror Arcade Game from Jaws"
4065:
Anticipating the release of the console's successor, the
3927:
3522:
3389:
3214:), being only released in Japan on February 20, 1993, by
2390:, which was successful in combining the strategy RPG and
2166:
2017:
1354:
1068:
355:
103:
99:
13364:"Nintendo Switch eclipses Wii U lifetime sales in Japan"
12782:"Wii U production is dead in Japan, long live the Wii U"
11455:
11453:
8646:
8013:
Kurt Kalata; Christopher J. Snelgrove (August 8, 2010).
7886:, GameSpot, February 7, 2009. Accessed February 13, 2009
6865:
The Untold History Of Japanese Game Developers: Volume 2
6841:
The Untold History Of Japanese Game Developers: Volume 2
6703:"Video Games Gain in Japan, Are Due For Assault on U.S."
6173:"Video Games Gain In Japan, Are Due For Assault On U.S."
6041:"How Nintendo Made The NES (And Why They Gave It A Gun)"
5453:. Vol. 1, no. 2. March 1982. pp. 34–45 .
5176:
The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers: Volume 1
5141:
The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers: Volume 1
5107:
The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers: Volume 1
2872:(1994), gaining considerable popularity in the arcades.
1976:
view during outdoor exploration to a fully 3D polygonal
799:
was released in 1976 as the first video game to feature
16558:
13818:"Elden Ring Scores Third Best Twitch Debut Of All Time"
13612:"Even for SoulsBorne fans, Sekiro is not messing about"
12968:"Exclusive: Nintendo CEO Reveals Plans for Smartphones"
12333:
12154:"Nintendo: market is now waiting for new home consoles"
10935:
9191:, GameSpot, October 1, 2002. Accessed February 17, 2009
9065:
7351:
4880:
3881:
in 2011; as well as the first hybrid game console, the
3066:
would influence later titles by FromSoftware including
2400:
series that began in 1983. Several early RPGs set in a
362:, and this monetization model is most commonly seen in
13543:"Monster Hunter World Sales Reach At Least 10 Million"
12639:
12637:
12635:
12633:
11104:
9964:"A love letter to Final Fantasy VI - Reader's Feature"
9813:
9550:
8372:
7348:, 1UP.com, January 1, 2000. Accessed February 17, 2009
6271:"| Nintendo - Corporate Information | Company History"
5792:
5277:"Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Space Invaders"
3056:
prompted the development of sequels, establishing the
2995:, and coping with the deaths of loved ones. Square's
2755:, and Nojima would later revisit the amnesia theme in
2722:
series. Another non-linear RPG released that year was
17737:
13498:"Nintendo's revenue rockets as Switch nears 15m sold"
12897:"Nintendo + Smartphones? Iwata Says "Absolutely Not""
12695:
12693:
12373:"Wii U Lifetime Sales in Japan Overtake the Xbox 360"
12082:"Nintendo's Project Cafe: Will Gamers Feel The Buzz?"
11548:"Local heroes take Japanese video games to the world"
11450:
10446:"FM Towns Marty/FM Towns Marty 2 Console Information"
9984:"Important Importables: Best SNES role-playing games"
9171:, GameSpot, June 20, 2007. Accessed February 17, 2009
8592:
6647:
3755:
By 2015, Japan had become the world's fourth largest
3605:
have been cited by many publications to be among the
3528:
In 2007 Tokkun Studio released Marie: BabySitter for
2020:, a major company which was dominant in the Japanese
1992:
use of 3D polygons allowed full 360-degree movement.
1498:
continuing their rivalry through subsequent sequels.
385:
Action games cover a variety of subgenres including:
13725:
12529:"TGS 2015: PS4's Price Drop Extends to Asia As Well"
11907:"PC games revenue to hit $ 42 billion in 2020 - DFC"
9507:"RPGFan Reviews – Lunar: Silver Star Story Complete"
9211:, IGN, December 20, 2006. Accessed February 17, 2009
8514:
7961:"JJ: Tobidase Daisakusen Part II [Japanese]"
7926:, IGN, February 17, 2004. Accessed February 13, 2009
7376:, GameSpot, June 7, 2006. Accessed February 12, 2009
7332:, IGN, September 5, 2008. Accessed February 17, 2009
6635:
6575:
6485:
6095:. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. pp.
5347:
Geddes, Ryan; Hatfield, Daemon (December 10, 2007).
5052:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5044:
3185:(1989), retroactively described as survival horror.
2970:
setting of its predecessors, instead being set in a
2775:
released that year was also notable for introducing
2204:
show was held on July 28, 1989. It was a video game
1490:. A rivalry developed between the three games, with
12934:Nakamura, Yuji; Amano, Takashi (October 28, 2016).
12630:
10880:, IGN, January 26, 2009, Accessed February 13, 2009
10640:Boyer, Brandon; Cifaldi, Frank (November 3, 2006).
10063:
10061:
9796:"Secret of Mana – SNES review at Thunderbolt Games"
9352:
9255:, IGN, January 22, 2008. Accessed February 17, 2009
8233:
8231:
8008:
8006:
8004:
6617:. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. p.
6551:. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. p.
6515:. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. p.
5785:, vol. 216, Associated Industry Publications,
5445:"Players Guide To Electronic Science Fiction Games"
4868:
The First Quarter: A 25-Year History of Video Games
3833:A line graph depicting the first-year sales of the
2380:series. Another notable strategy RPG that year was
1909:prerequisites for a shoot 'em up, as opposed to an
873:in 1975. Japan's first home video game console was
861:Separately, the first home video game console, the
15808:
13766:Next generation game console named "PlayStation 5"
13067:
13065:
12731:"How Japanese video games made a comeback in 2017"
12690:
12276:"Play.com predicts Wii U dominance this Christmas"
12180:
11028:
11026:
11024:
10799:
10764:
9977:
9975:
9973:
9930:Scary Larry (November 1994). "Final Fantasy III".
9438:. Vol. 2. DieHard Gamers Club. Archived from
8869:
8185:"Most-prolific action-adventure video game series"
7684:"Why the tiniest Dragon Quest is the biggest deal"
7396:, IGN, October 1, 2008. Accessed February 13, 2009
7171:Ryan Geddes; Daemon Hatfield (December 10, 2007).
7016:"The Legend of Zelda 25th Anniversary A Look Back"
6576:Turner, Benjamin; Christian Nutt (July 18, 2003).
4539:"Top countries and markets by video game revenues"
2615:(formed by former employees of Toaplan, including
12607:"Sony tops game consoles for 1st time in 8 years"
12179:Sherr, Ian; Wakabayashi, Daisuke (May 30, 2012).
11856:
11854:
11852:
10642:"The Gamasutra Quantum Leap Awards: Storytelling"
8784:"The History of Final Fantasy — Final Fantasy IV"
7774:
7772:
6239:"Talking Deals; How Nintendo Can Help A.T.&T"
6063:"7 things I learned from the designer of the NES"
5041:
4132:Entertainment Planning & Development Division
4017:Dragon Quest VII: Fragments of the Forgotten Past
3885:in 2017, which played as a handheld but could be
3549:, which brought them international exposure. Its
2248:genre, later serving as the main inspiration for
1945:. It was a 1986 role-playing shooter released by
17773:
13238:"Nintendo Switch reaches 500,000 sales in Japan"
12178:
11934:"The surprising explosion of RPG Maker on Steam"
10903:, IGN, March 6, 2007. Accessed February 13, 2009
10860:, IGN, April 7, 2008. Accessed February 13, 2009
10694:
10058:
9876:
9658:"Classics Column #1: Desperately Seeking Seiken"
9314:"Knocked Up: A Look At Pregnancy In Video Games"
8577:
8228:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8001:
7566:
5854:Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System
3593:genre, including multiple "RPG of the Year" and
785:in the U.S., was the first arcade game to use a
13896:
13129:
13062:
12865:"Resisting Mobile Hurts Nintendo's Bottom Line"
12663:
12661:
11112:2009 Annual Financial Report: Financial Section
11062:"Nintendo defies recession with record profits"
11021:
10744:
10627:
10615:
10600:
10588:
10183:
10138:(in Japanese). Life Inc. 1996. pp. 77–90.
10128:
10001:
9970:
9938:
9905:
9116:"Bullet hell - Glitchwave video games database"
8811:
8679:"Phantasy Star III: Generations of Doom Review"
8588:. Square Enix Co. pp. 17–18. SLUS-00879GH.
8583:
7423:
6164:
5851:Montfort, Nick; Bogost, Ian (January 9, 2009).
5699:
5609:
5575:"Record Breaking Games: Shooting Games Roundup"
5409:"Record Breaking Games: Shooting Games Roundup"
5270:
5268:
5260:International Journal of Computer Game Research
4287:The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky the 3rd
3789:Former rivals in the Japanese arcade industry,
3637:, which has led to strong growth." At the 2010
2404:future were also released that year, including
2268:and the first in the genre to feature animated
174:Electric Town being a major nexus of so-called
11849:
10375:. Cesa.or.jp. October 12, 2001. Archived from
10098:
10096:
9746:
9744:
9690:
9688:
9425:
9091:"Curtains for You: The History of Bullet Hell"
8966:
8384:
7804:
7769:
7340:
7338:
7164:
6694:
6449:
6023:"Gainesville Sun - Google News Archive Search"
5850:
5736:
5300:
4666:
4178:, which some critics consider the best in the
3724:series on Steam and then the Steam release of
3005:chapter in particular was an early example of
2594:
1835:that was considered revolutionary for console
468:
17348:
17037:
15945:
15794:
15389:
15375:
15255:
13983:
13815:
13587:"Octopath Traveler sells 1m copies worldwide"
13097:
12933:
12929:
12927:
12725:
12723:
12721:
12719:
12717:
12582:"PlayStation 4 sales top 7 million worldwide"
12420:"Nintendo kills off the basic Wii U in Japan"
11682:"Inafune: Japanese game industry is not fine"
11602:"Japan's gamers are starting to shoot 'em up"
11432:"Why do Japanese developers keep us waiting?"
11369:
10871:The Best Games That Never Came out in Britain
10548:
10546:
10544:
10542:
10315:
10240:
10067:
9870:
9258:
9047:"Insert Coin Here: Getting a Fighting Chance"
8936:
8777:
8775:
8333:
8293:
8031:
7824:Video Game Trader Magazine (March 16, 2009).
7573:Goro Gotemba & Yoshiyuki Iwamoto (2006).
7515:
7117:"Are Real Time Strategy Games At Their Peak?"
7109:
7042:"How The Legend of Zelda Changed Video Games"
6981:
6881:
6812:
6808:
6806:
6761:
6384:
5798:
5777:"United States Patents Quarterly, Volume 216"
5640:"JAPAN 100 Yen Y# 82 Yr.42(1967)-Yr.63(1988)"
5572:
5406:
5326:
5317:, IGN, March 31, 2003. Accessed June 14, 2008
4558:"How PlayStation democratized 3D video games"
4457:
2264:that same year was the first RPG released on
885:, in 1977 which was made in partnership with
133:markets at various points. Released in 1965,
13752:
13193:
12805:
12752:"Yakuza, Nioh and the New Japan Renaissance"
12658:
12182:"Sony Rejects Web-Based PlayStation Console"
11005:"Is the Japanese gaming industry in crisis?"
10823:
10639:
10102:
8882:. Nintendo. January 27, 2010. Archived from
8689:
8610:
8076:"RPGFan Previews – Phantasy Star Collection"
7854:
7852:
7850:
7807:"Stalled engine: The TurboGrafx-16 turns 25"
7712:
7710:
7541:
7013:
6767:
6437:"Smart Bomb: Inside the Video Game Industry"
6378:
6293:
6191:
5265:
4340:received universal acclaim. On release day,
3340:Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryū to Hikari no Tsurugi
2747:, introduced the plot element of a nameless
2367:Fire Emblem: Ankoku Ryu to Hikari no Tsurugi
1081:to feature a supply of energy, resembling a
789:rather than discrete electronic components.
159:, one of the first home consoles to feature
13954:
13483:"Nioh: Complete Edition Coming to PC - IGN"
12213:"Wii U Goes On Sale In Japan On December 8"
12109:"PlayStation 4 in the Works, Sony Confirms"
11863:"How Japan learned to love PC gaming again"
11199:"Dark Souls 3 confirmed, coming early 2016"
11175:"Why Nintendo is Suddenly Profitable Again"
10998:
10996:
10994:
10978:"State of the Shoot ëEm Up - Edge Magazine"
10888:
10886:
10674:. August 4, 2001. p. 4. Archived from
10093:
10007:
9929:
9741:
9685:
9649:
9585:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
9290:
8715:
8364:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
8161:
7761:John Szczepaniak "Retro Japanese Computers"
7756:
7754:
7743:John Szczepaniak "Retro Japanese Computers"
7675:
7479:
7456:"The Essential 50 Part 20 – Dragon Warrior"
7335:
6958:
6445:. November 14, 2005. National Public Radio.
6212:. New York City: COMPUTE! Publications: 7.
5898:
5896:
5825:
5732:
5730:
5579:Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008
5413:Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008
5327:Retro Gamer Staff. "Nishikado-San Speaks".
5195:
5173:
5138:
5104:
4926:
4924:
3137:depending on the situation. The success of
2925:Phantasy Star IV: The End of the Millennium
2808:and extended to normal enemies in Square's
645:History of Eastern role-playing video games
475:History of Eastern role-playing video games
151:(Famicom), which became a major hit as the
17355:
17341:
17051:
17044:
17030:
15952:
15938:
15801:
15787:
15382:
15368:
15349:
15307:
15262:
15248:
13990:
13976:
13816:Kadirogullari, Samed (February 26, 2022).
13603:
13485:. October 2, 2017 – via www.ign.com.
13300:"Nintendo Switch Sets New Sales Milestone"
13161:
13037:Choudhury, Saheli Roy (January 13, 2017).
12924:
12714:
12054:"Data Point of the Week: 5 Million PSVRs?"
11516:"Video games that get lost in translation"
10539:
10323:"Top 11 Survival Horror Games: Sweet Home"
9923:
9697:"Secret of Mana hits App Store this month"
9044:
9010:, 12 February 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2009
8772:
8391:Neal Hallford & Jana Hallford (2001),
7798:
7488:"The GameSpy Hall of Fame: Dragon Warrior"
7449:
7447:
7445:
7194:
7059:
6803:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5665:
5663:
5379:"The Gamespy Hall of Fame: Space Invaders"
5370:
5333:. No. 3. Live Publishing. p. 35.
2917:" menu system, its innovative cooperative
2716:. This has since become a hallmark of the
1149:features a single game to be played on an
13609:
13495:
13235:
13036:
12862:
12837:
12599:
12573:
12394:"Basic Wii U to be discontinued in Japan"
12370:
12346:. Nintendo. July 30, 2013. Archived from
12341:"Consolidated Sales Transition by Region"
12151:
12106:
11955:"Japan Tops World In Mobile Apps Revenue"
11762:
11653:
11172:
10217:"Sakura Wars ~So Long My Love~ Interview"
9831:
9767:
9482:"RPGFan Reviews – Lunar: The Silver Star"
9154:
8877:"Consolidated Sales Transition by Region"
8781:
8613:"A Japanese RPG Primer: The Essential 20"
8604:
8441:
8420:
7847:
7707:
6929:
6287:
6113:
5632:
5342:
5340:
5274:
4837:
4730:
4719:Annals of Business Administrative Science
4684:
4630:
3447:Seventh generation of video game consoles
2416:, which was inspired by Hayao Miyazaki's
13695:
13520:
13425:
13393:
12811:
12499:"Sony announces PS4 price drop in Japan"
12210:
12075:
12073:
11727:
11626:
11599:
11572:
10991:
10944:
10883:
9721:
9593:
9412:"HonestGamers – Dragon Knight II review"
9409:
9358:
9148:
9136:
9076:
8998:
8996:
8994:
8299:
8263:
7751:
7736:
7429:
7360:
7298:"The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki: Part 1"
7273:"The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki: Part 1"
6728:
6726:
6724:
5893:
5727:
5603:
5566:
5089:
4921:
4886:
4761:
4715:"History of Japanese Role-Playing Games"
4344:drew over 108,000 concurrent players on
4206:won the Best Role Playing Game award at
4156:during its first year of release, while
4053:Exist Archive: The Other Side of the Sky
3851:eighth generation of video game consoles
3828:
3812:
3493:
3472:
3450:
3042:released their first video game, titled
2491:
2300:Fourth generation of video game consoles
1994:
1556:(1983) is considered an early prototype
1544:(1986), an influential open world game.
1455:in June 1984. While the RPG elements in
1258:as Japan's most successful corporation.
1110:
1107:Fourth generation of video game consoles
963:
899:
848:
837:
679:Sega later produced gun games that used
30:
17362:
14263:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
13496:Handrahan, Matthew (January 31, 2018).
13330:Vincent, Brittany (December 28, 2017).
13329:
13135:
13103:
12965:
12895:Thomas, Lucas M. (September 13, 2011).
12496:
12371:Whitehead, Thomas (February 26, 2014).
12115:. Eurogamer Network Ltd. Archived from
11974:
11952:
11787:
11708:"Itagaki: japanese game industry dying"
11705:
11654:Yin-Poole, Wesley (November 17, 2013).
11461:"Square Enix eyes further acquisitions"
11002:
10914:"Most prolific fan-made shooter series"
10658:
9770:"Dungeon Siege III Developer Interview"
9311:
9284:
9214:
9088:
8755:"Final Fantasy Retrospective Part XIII"
8721:
8552:
8339:
7509:
7442:
7265:
7244:
6411:McGill, Douglas C. (December 4, 1988).
6323:
6236:
5979:. Alternative Travel Press. p. 113
5940:
5693:
5660:
5400:
5376:
5024:
4985:
4983:
4859:
4857:
4669:"Addiction and Spending in Gacha Games"
4515:"How Japan changed video games forever"
4293:Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia
4190:which is considered to have one of the
3771:. The Japanese game development engine
3743:The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky
3559:, was released in 2011. In March 2014,
2522:The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past
2370:, a game that set the template for the
2308:Sixth generation of video game consoles
2304:Fifth generation of video game consoles
2289:
2244:theme and laid the foundations for the
2149:"were basically arcade games done in a
2121:Miracle Warriors: Seal of the Dark Lord
2016:, who created video game software, and
1870:by Nintendo, released in 1979. Taito's
1425:subgenre in the early 1980s, combining
1103:Third generation of video game consoles
919:Eventually, the 1978 arcade release of
727:First generation of video game consoles
716:
554:. In addition, Western RPGs tend to be
14:
17774:
13921:
13897:Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (2009).
13881:
13851:
13701:
13641:
13297:
13071:
13000:
12894:
12779:
12579:
12526:
12469:
12442:
12232:
12211:Ashcraft, Brian (September 13, 2012).
12152:Yin-Poole, Wesley (January 27, 2012).
12145:
11860:
11545:
11372:"The 500 Best Video Games of All Time"
11085:
10526:"Second Hand Smoke - One up, two down"
10523:
10266:
10192:"Final Fantasy VIII – Staff Retroview"
10189:
10039:
9819:
9768:Mackenzie, Gavin (December 14, 2010).
9694:
9646:7 July 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2009
9626:
8654:"Console vs Handheld : Crystalis"
8640:
8598:
8532:
8520:
8508:
8477:
8447:
8378:
7681:
7649:
7608:
7144:Zzap! Issue 68, December 1990, p.45 –
6786:
6700:
6653:
6641:
6491:
6410:
6197:
6170:
5973:Glass, John (2014). Ray, Linda (ed.).
5912:, GameSpot. Accessed February 16, 2009
5505:
5468:
5337:
4956:
4762:McKenzie, Theodore (August 10, 2023).
4555:
4512:
2447:Phantasy Star III: Generations of Doom
1965:, the player controls a transformable
1224:of Nintendo's successful arcade games
17336:
17025:
15959:
15933:
15782:
15363:
15348:
15243:
13971:
13788:
13731:
13674:"Steam Awards 2019 Winners Announced"
13671:
13521:Schreier, Jason (December 25, 2017).
13236:Handrahan, Matthew (March 30, 2017).
13199:
13167:
13030:
12838:Wingfield, Nick (November 24, 2012).
12669:"The JRPG is Doing Just Fine, Thanks"
12497:Vincent, James (September 15, 2015).
12247:
12226:
12070:
11953:Negishi, Mayumi (December 11, 2013).
11752:
11728:Robinson, Martin (October 10, 2012).
11627:Ashcraft, Brian (September 5, 2012).
11286:
11260:
11134:
11088:"Official Nintendo DS Launch Details"
10448:. Consoledatabase.com. Archived from
10403:. Tokyo Game Show. September 18, 2016
9877:Square Co., Ltd. (October 11, 1994).
9793:
9605:15 Most Influential Games of All Time
9559:
9359:Sullivan, Meghan (October 11, 2005).
8991:
8906:
8426:
8129:
7805:Christian Nutt (September 12, 2014).
7173:"IGN's Top 10 Most Influential Games"
7138:
6910:
6792:
6721:
6294:Liedholm, Marcus; Liedholm, Mattias.
6263:
5972:
5844:
5573:Craig Glenday, ed. (March 11, 2008).
5407:Craig Glenday, ed. (March 11, 2008).
5349:"IGN's Top 10 Most Influential Games"
5250:
5248:
5178:. SMG Szczepaniak. pp. 604–615.
5143:. SMG Szczepaniak. pp. 604–605.
5094:. Kodansha International. p. 94.
4950:
4819:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4619:The Review of Socionetwork Strategies
4194:'s best RPG combat systems, and then
2407:Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei II
2374:genre and was the first entry in the
13957:"History of Japanese computer games"
13610:Yin-Poole, Wesley (March 23, 2019).
13584:
13559:
13394:Ashcroft, Brian (January 10, 2018).
13361:
13267:
12863:Wingfield, Nick (January 18, 2014).
12812:Ashcraft, Brian (January 31, 2017).
12527:Barker, Sammy (September 16, 2015).
12317:
11513:
11117:(Report). Nintendo. 2009. p. 17
11086:Harris, Craig (September 20, 2004).
10724:
10469:
10427:. Tokyo Game Show. September 7, 2016
9981:
9899:"Top 100 RPGs of All Time - IGN.com"
9479:
9431:
9386:"RPGFan Reviews – Glory of Heracles"
9383:
9335:"Gaming's most important evolutions"
9019:
8939:"PS1 10th Anniversary retrospective"
8823:
8562:. Na.square-enix.com. Archived from
8073:
7682:Parish, Jeremy (December 12, 2006).
6605:
6539:
6503:
6455:
6348:
6134:
6083:
5320:
4991:"1969 Sega Duck Hunt (Arcade Flyer)"
4980:
4854:
4712:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4513:Prisco, Jacopo (November 12, 2017).
4008:set sales records around the world.
3415:Jamestown: Legend of the Lost Colony
2444:. That year also saw the release of
1941:, the earliest known RPG to feature
1923:, a shooter that switched between a
1864:The origins of this type go back to
13955:Szczepaniak, John (March 4, 2014).
13922:Vestal, Andrew (November 2, 1998).
13702:Makuch, Eddie (December 13, 2019).
13298:Miucin, Filip (December 28, 2017).
13072:Hester, Blake (December 26, 2017).
12675:. December 21, 2016. Archived from
12470:Sarkar, Samit (February 21, 2014),
12295:
12273:
12051:
11996:
11706:Johnson, Stephen (August 9, 2010).
11370:Polygon Staff (November 27, 2017).
11348:. December 23, 2011. Archived from
11340:"Community Choice Game of the Year"
11312:
10958:Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved Review
9798:. Thunderbolt Games. Archived from
9562:"RPGFan Reviews – Romancing SaGa 3"
8937:Jeremy Parish (September 6, 2005).
8722:Kasavin, Greg (December 12, 2005).
8695:
8448:Kaiser, Rowan (February 16, 2012).
8237:
8074:John, McCarroll (August 20, 2002).
7485:
7453:
7067:"Dru Hill: The Chronicle of Druaga"
6982:Peckham, Matt (November 15, 2012).
6328:. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. p. 87.
5669:
3305:One of the earliest Japanese RPGs,
1650:hardware, was the first of Sega's "
686:in a manner similar to the ancient
484:tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs)
297:
43:until 2017, a former large 6 floor
24:
15269:
14439:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
13997:
13672:Watts, Steve (December 31, 2019).
13136:Peckham, Matt (February 7, 2017).
13104:Peckham, Matt (February 6, 2017).
12780:Carter, Chris (January 31, 2017).
12443:Osborn, Alex (November 11, 2016).
11573:Ashcraft, Brian (August 3, 2011).
11135:Nicks, Denver (January 17, 2014).
11003:Cieslak, Marc (November 4, 2010).
9695:Dutton, Fred (December 17, 2010).
9530:
9384:Gann, Patrick (February 6, 2010).
9264:
8907:Allen, Danny (December 22, 2006).
8314:
8099:
7826:"Video Game Trader #3, March 2008"
7780:"【リリース】プロジェクトEGGから3月25日に「ウィバーン」発売"
7579:. Algora Publishing. p. 201.
7516:Jeremy Parish (October 27, 2005).
7231:"IGN Presents the History of SEGA"
7014:Mc Shea, Tom (December 21, 2011).
6887:
6815:"What Happened to the Action RPG?"
6701:Takiff, Jonathan (June 20, 1986).
6171:Takiff, Jonathan (June 20, 1986).
6069:. October 18, 2015. Archived from
6047:. October 16, 2015. Archived from
5245:
5056:
4800:
4780:
4701:
4556:Hester, Blake (December 5, 2019).
4458:@SEGA_OFFICIAL (August 11, 2017).
3110:combined tactical RPG combat with
2889:subgenre with its introduction of
2419:Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind
2083:Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei
1796:hundreds of hours of rote fighting
985:, in 1978, proved to be the first
957:the player's score. The aliens of
690:to produce moving animations on a
302:
25:
17798:
14306:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)
13948:
13884:"Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs"
12233:Gorman, Michael (June 12, 2013).
12129:
12107:Brightman, James (May 26, 2011).
11575:"Top game designers going social"
11397:"The Top 300 Games of All Time".
11173:Luckerson, Victor (May 7, 2015).
10980:. Next-gen.biz. November 17, 2008
10894:Top 10 Tuesday: 2D Space Shooters
10831:"Game Design Essentials: 20 RPGs"
10725:Pepe, Felipe (October 10, 2016).
10068:Mielke, James (October 5, 2016).
9724:"RPGFan Reviews – Secret of Mana"
9235:, January 10, 2003, July 17, 2008
8724:"Final Fantasy IV Advance Review"
8533:Kalata, Kurt (February 4, 2008).
7254:. Extentofthejam.com. May 3, 2013
6237:Freitag, Michael (June 8, 1989).
5610:Richards, Giles (July 24, 2005).
5157:Manbiki Shounen (Shoplifting Boy)
4655:
4599:
4263:Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age
4023:Shin Megami Tensei IV: Apocalypse
3957:In October 2013, online retailer
3298:continues to be listed among the
2979:dealt with mature themes such as
1388:from the early 1980s. During the
369:
17759:
17747:
17721:
17712:
17711:
16164:
15306:
15224:
15223:
15212:
13809:
13782:
13665:
13642:Miller, James (March 23, 2019).
13635:
13578:
13553:
13535:
13514:
13489:
13475:
13444:
13419:
13387:
13355:
13323:
13291:
13261:
13229:
13200:Frank, Allegra (March 7, 2017).
13001:Makuch, Eddie (March 18, 2015).
12994:
12966:Peckham, Matt (March 18, 2015).
12959:
12888:
12856:
12831:
12773:
12744:
12550:
12520:
12490:
12463:
12436:
12417:
12411:
12386:
12364:
12318:Cook, Dave (December 18, 2013).
12311:
12289:
12267:
12204:
12172:
12123:
12100:
12079:
12045:
12020:
11999:"Interview: Takenobu Mitsuyoshi"
11990:
11968:
11946:
11926:
11899:
11881:"Recettear: An Item Shop's Tale"
11873:
11830:
11806:
11781:
11746:
11721:
11699:
11674:
11647:
11620:
11593:
11566:
11546:Robson, Daniel (June 29, 2011).
11539:
11507:
11479:
11424:
11407:
11390:
11363:
11332:
11306:
11280:
11254:
11229:
11216:
11191:
11166:
11128:
11079:
11054:
10970:
10950:
10906:
10863:
10851:Fond Memories: Radiant Silvergun
10843:
10718:
10633:
10517:
10500:
10463:
10438:
10414:
10390:
10365:
10344:
10304:"Enter The Survival Horror... A
10298:
10234:
10209:
10152:
10033:
9982:Lada, Jenni (February 1, 2008).
9956:
9891:
9850:
9825:
9787:
9715:
9611:. March 14, 2001. Archived from
9524:
9499:
9473:
9403:
9377:
9327:
9312:Glasser, AJ (February 9, 2009).
9305:
9238:
9194:
9174:
9108:
9082:
9038:
9020:June, Laura (January 16, 2013).
9013:
9004:The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2)
8960:
8930:
8900:
8845:
8817:
8671:
8526:
8471:
8433:, no. 76, pp. 83–84 ,
8308:
8300:Harrison, Thomas Nowlin (2006).
8269:
8204:
8177:
8155:
8136:, no. 76, pp. 83–84 ,
8123:
8093:
8067:
7977:
7953:
7929:
7909:
7889:
7876:
7817:
7723:
7643:
7614:
7399:
7379:
7366:
7315:
7290:
7223:
6187:– via Google News Archive.
5544:"Can Lasers Save VIdeo Arcades?"
3941:architecture, similar to common
2544:, which popularized competitive
2240:for the NES introduced a modern
1684:games of the 1990s. Designed by
1603:genre, and went on to influence
1574:and somewhat similar in nature.
991:golden age of arcade video games
723:Golden age of arcade video games
568:
488:Dungeons & Dragons (D&D)
328:
313:List of Japanese arcade cabinets
13830:from the original on 2022-03-03
13761:次世代コンソールゲーム機 「プレイステーション 5」に名称決定
13732:Rubin, Peter (April 16, 2019).
13714:from the original on 2019-12-13
13684:from the original on 2019-12-31
13654:from the original on 2019-03-24
13624:from the original on 2019-03-23
13426:Craddock, Ryan (May 15, 2019).
13408:from the original on 2018-01-10
13376:from the original on 2018-01-06
13312:from the original on 2017-12-28
13280:from the original on 2017-07-08
13250:from the original on 2017-03-30
13182:from the original on 2017-03-07
13150:from the original on 2017-02-07
13118:from the original on 2017-02-06
13086:from the original on 2017-12-26
13051:from the original on 2017-01-14
13019:from the original on 2017-07-29
12983:from the original on 2015-04-23
12948:from the original on 2016-12-20
12913:from the original on 2017-07-30
12877:from the original on 2017-07-28
12820:from the original on 2017-01-31
12794:from the original on 2017-02-02
12619:from the original on 2015-12-10
12588:from the original on 2014-04-21
12539:from the original on 2015-09-19
12509:from the original on 2017-02-21
12480:from the original on 2015-09-24
12400:. Wesley Copeland. May 21, 2015
12193:from the original on 2020-03-14
11975:Johnson, Erik (July 30, 2014).
11600:Ashcraft, Brian (May 2, 2012).
11514:Kent, Steven (April 28, 2004).
10924:from the original on 2013-04-24
10219:. RPGamer. 2010. Archived from
10172:from the original on 2009-03-22
10117:from the original on 2015-03-18
10103:Ciolek, Todd (March 16, 2015).
10040:Ciolek, Todd (March 16, 2015).
9832:IGN staff (February 18, 1997).
9794:Karge, Anthony (May 27, 2005).
9601:"Virtua Racing – Arcade (1992)"
8623:from the original on 2014-11-11
8611:Kalata, Kurt (March 19, 2008).
8478:Barton, Matt (April 11, 2007).
8302:The Sweet Home of Resident Evil
8162:Travis Fahs (August 27, 2010).
7202:"The History of Street Fighter"
7090:
7034:
7007:
6975:
6944:
6904:
6857:
6833:
6659:
6599:
6569:
6533:
6497:
6429:
6404:
6342:
6317:
6128:
6077:
6055:
6033:
6015:
5990:
5966:
5915:
5871:
5782:United States Patents Quarterly
5682:(2). Krause Publications: 35–37
5648:Numismatic Guaranty Corporation
5536:
5499:
5457:from the original on 2012-04-02
5437:
5389:from the original on 2008-04-08
5233:
5216:
5167:
5132:
5098:
5083:
5007:
4892:
4820:Saito, Kumiko (June 25, 2021).
4755:
4713:Wada, Takeaki (June 15, 2017).
3808:
2500:, released on November 21, 1990
2226:scenario by instead presenting
2072:. Also in 1987, Konami created
793:'s black and white boxing game
374:
112:third largest video game market
17679:British Indian Ocean Territory
15846:History of video game consoles
15810:Video game history by platform
14792:Agriculture, forestry, fishing
13789:Wales, Matt (March 20, 2020).
13362:Good, Owen (January 6, 2018).
12580:Romano, Sal (April 16, 2014).
11861:Fenlon, Wes (April 10, 2017).
11788:Carless, Simon (May 2, 2005).
11629:"Gunslinging the Japanese way"
10329:. May 21, 2008. Archived from
10275:"The History of Resident Evil"
10042:"The History of From Software"
9886:You like art? No? Philistines!
9089:Davison, Pete (June 8, 2013).
7430:Kalata, Kurt; Greene, Robert.
6768:Maher, Jimmy (June 25, 2014).
5672:"Space Invaders targets coins"
5476:"Essential 50: Space Invaders"
5109:. SMG Szczepaniak. p. 7.
4797:. 2. 11-21. 10.34382/00013359.
4574:
4549:
4531:
4506:
4488:
4474:
4451:
3325:, originally released for the
2957:design and subversive themes.
2145:developer Roe R. Adams, early
1806:, but this time introducing a
1345:for gaming soon appeared, the
1131:, Nintendo produced a line of
1077:, notable for being the first
435:
13:
1:
15829:History of arcade video games
13924:"The History of Console RPGs"
13882:Harris, John (July 2, 2009).
13585:Kent, Emma (August 3, 2018).
13560:Kerr, Chris (March 5, 2018).
13168:Grubb, Jeff (March 6, 2017).
11137:"Nintendo Chief: 'We Failed'"
10373:"TOKYO GAME SHOW 2001 AUTUMN"
10273:Justin Speer; Cliff O'Neill.
10241:Jeremy Parish (May 8, 2009).
10105:"The History of FromSoftware"
9410:darkfact (January 10, 2005).
9267:"The History of Dragon Quest"
8584:Square Enix Co., ed. (1999).
8535:"The History of Dragon Quest"
8050:"Time Machine: Phantasy Star"
7873:, April 8, 2008, May 26, 2009
7720:August 1990 (issue 56), p. 19
7650:Bailey, Kat (February 2010).
7518:"Solid Gold: The Best of NES"
7147:"Amiga Reviews: Battlemaster"
7123:. May 9, 2001. Archived from
6799:, no. 76, pp. 83–84
6677:, p. 88, December 1988,
6673:, vol. 14, no. 12,
6200:"One Million Sold in One Day"
4444:
4299:Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood
3746:(2014) and ports of numerous
3443:Japanese mobile phone culture
2885:series, further advanced the
2629:had been more difficult than
2578:(1994–2005) by SNK. In 1993,
2387:Bandit Kings of Ancient China
2136:on the corner of the screen.
1756:Hydlide II: Shine of Darkness
649:
618:Two big subgenres of VNs are
339:Japanese mobile phone culture
153:Nintendo Entertainment System
13268:Kerr, Chris (July 4, 2017).
12558:プレイステーション4が発売2日間で32万2083台を販売
11764:10.1007/978-3-642-04052-8_62
11226:, NAMCO BANDAI Holdings Inc.
10312:174 (October 2007): 132-133.
10008:Kaiser, Joe (July 8, 2005).
9986:. Gamer Tell. Archived from
9834:"Square, The Final Frontier"
7860:Top 10 Classic Shoot 'Em Ups
7420:. Accessed February 02, 2010
7300:. Archive.is. Archived from
6911:Aruru, San (July 14, 2022).
6584:. p. 20. Archived from
6243:International New York Times
5925:. Us.wii.com. Archived from
5703:The medium of the video game
5612:"A life through video games"
4460:"\秋葉原にお越しのみなさまにお知らせです!!/..."
3617:, their lack of third-party
3432:
3395:Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved
3319:combat system. Koji Sumii's
3048:, as a launch title for the
2661:achieving cult recognition.
2555:Fatal Fury: King of Fighters
2394:genres, building on its own
2062:, and the following year by
7:
14380:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
14326:Abolition of the han system
12052:Bol, Mike (June 10, 2019).
11818:archive.videogamesdaily.com
11403:. No. 300. April 2018.
10628:Loguidice & Barton 2009
10616:Loguidice & Barton 2009
10601:Loguidice & Barton 2009
10589:Loguidice & Barton 2009
9952:65, page 103. October 1994.
9202:Metal Slug Anthology Review
8812:Loguidice & Barton 2009
7729:Segre, Nicole, "Commando,"
7622:"15 Most Influential Games"
7323:Space Harrier Retrospective
6578:"8-Bit Memories, 1988–1994"
6385:Keizer, Gregg (July 1989).
6198:Keiser, Gregg (June 1998).
4793:Bjarnason, Nökkvi. (2020).
4398:
3933:, and the PS4 also use AMD
2183:, and simplified RPG-style
1969:robot, switching between a
1804:Portopia Serial Murder Case
1794:experience, didn't require
1141:. Created by game designer
469:Japanese role-playing games
317:
108:Sony Computer Entertainment
10:
17803:
16162:
12473:Sony launches PS4 in Japan
11656:"Why Xbox failed in Japan"
10706:blog.hardcoregaming101.net
10524:THG.RU (January 1, 2000).
10507:"News: Virtua Fighter 3".
9919:65, page 27. October 1994.
9772:. NowGamer. Archived from
8698:"Reviews–Final Fantasy II"
8340:PSM3 UK (March 16, 2010).
7387:Fantasy Zone Retrospective
6984:"ALL-TIME 100 Video Games"
5773:Bureau of National Affairs
5174:Szczepaniak, John (2014).
5139:Szczepaniak, John (2014).
5105:Szczepaniak, John (2014).
4144:during its launch period.
3906:(VR); Sony introduced the
3799:Bandai Namco Entertainment
3607:greatest games of all time
3436:
3150:Riviera: The Promised Land
2372:tactical role-playing game
2293:
2279:Jiraiya Goketsu Monogatari
1860:Rambo: First Blood Part II
1200:(1981), a simple platform-
1096:
781:notably, when released by
720:
694:. The first of these, the
634:
630:
572:
472:
439:
430:Side-scrolling video games
378:
332:
321:
306:
280:Japanese role-playing game
80:Bandai Namco Entertainment
17707:
17666:
17626:
17368:
17303:
17197:
17126:
17088:
17057:
16979:
16895:
16859:
16821:
16715:
16708:
16633:
16549:
16524:
16474:
16439:
16411:
16373:
16364:
16302:
16272:
16242:
16199:
16173:
16100:
16077:
16012:
15989:
15980:
15972:List of video game genres
15967:
15871:
15816:
15728:
15665:
15602:
15539:
15476:
15413:
15397:
15391:Chronology of video games
15357:
15277:
15207:
14975:
14853:
14844:
14787:
14778:
14713:
14590:
14586:
14577:
14490:
14481:
14449:
14392:Japan during World War II
14362:
14271:
14209:Mongol invasions of Japan
14184:
14109:
14036:
14027:
14009:
13523:"The Year In JRPGs, 2017"
11317:. RPGamer. Archived from
11291:. RPGamer. Archived from
11265:. RPGamer. Archived from
11066:The Sydney Morning Herald
10470:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2012).
10194:. RPGamer. Archived from
9535:. RPGamer. Archived from
8656:. 1up.com. Archived from
8054:ComputerAndVideoGames.com
7557:At the time I first made
7549:Nintendo Power volume 221
7374:Gradius Collection Review
6863:John Szczepaniak (2015),
6839:John Szczepaniak (2015),
5867:– via Google Books.
5708:University of Texas Press
5549:The Philadelphia Inquirer
5512:. Indianapolis, Indiana:
5229:Killer List of Videogames
5121:First ever stealth game,
5037:Killer List of Videogames
5020:Killer List of Videogames
4632:10.1007/s12626-017-0014-1
4582:"Japan Games Market 2018"
4383:In 2022, From Software's
4338:Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice
4071:hybrid video game console
3483:The House of the Dead III
3455:A man playing a drumming
3346:Treasure's shoot 'em up,
2595:
2179:, an action component, a
2128:RPG that featured a wide
2068:which used the SegaScope
2007:On October 30, 1987, the
1901:also drew comparisons to
1698:video game arcade cabinet
1461:action role-playing games
1250:and a reissue with a new
1169:, released in 1981, is a
1133:handheld electronic games
1089:backgrounds and enemies.
1033:with over 115,000 units,
1015:. The first to do so was
480:Role-playing games (RPGs)
110:. In 2022, Japan was the
68:golden age of video games
17428:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
16264:Digital collectible card
14666:House of Representatives
14462:2019 imperial transition
14434:Great Hanshin earthquake
14402:Second Sino-Japanese War
14375:Japan during World War I
11790:"Namco, Bandai To Merge"
10510:Computer and Video Games
10160:
10135:
9901:– via www.ign.com.
9726:. RPGFan. Archived from
9638:20 February 2012 at the
9564:. RPGFan. Archived from
9509:. RPGFan. Archived from
9484:. RPGFan. Archived from
9388:. RPGFan. Archived from
9045:Jay Carter (July 1993).
8700:. RPGFan. Archived from
8078:. RPGFan. Archived from
7884:R-Type Dimensions Review
7733:February 1986 (issue 47)
7555:. 2007. pp. 78–80.
6124:. June 1988. p. 50.
6120:"The Nintendo Threat?".
5840:(1): 10. September 1982.
5700:Mark J. P. Wolf (2001),
5090:Ashcraft, Brian (2008).
4930:Mark J. P. Wolf (2008),
4405:Japanese popular culture
4332:million units. In 2019,
3855:home video game consoles
3118:elements, introducing a
2822:were popularized by the
2664:1992 saw the release of
2356:introduced the classic "
1527:action role-playing game
1092:
594:Higurashi: When They Cry
165:Person of Cultural Merit
62:are a major industry in
17689:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
16349:Roguelike deck-building
16257:Roguelike deck-building
15863:History of mobile games
15282:Telecommunications Bank
14349:First Sino-Japanese War
12756:PC & Tech Authority
12187:The Wall Street Journal
9533:"The 7th Saga – Review"
9361:"Romancing SaGa Review"
8967:Shanna Compton (2004).
6774:The Digital Antiquarian
6324:Koelsch, Frank (1995).
6296:"A new era – (1990–97)"
5737:Steven L. Kent (2001),
4380:rates and resolutions.
3945:(as opposed to the IBM
3900:Motion-controlled games
3853:primarily includes the
3597:awards. Since release,
3366:were later released on
3312:The Dragon and Princess
2891:cooperative multiplayer
2468:" system, developed by
1957:for Western release by
1953:in Japan and ported to
1582:Sega Mega Drive/Genesis
1373:which in turn affected
1119:(commonly known by the
879:TV Tennis Electrotennis
660:electro-mechanical game
114:in the world after the
17052:Video games by country
15351:History of video games
14817:Science and technology
14256:Council of Five Elders
14251:Azuchi–Momoyama period
12563:July 26, 2017, at the
10918:Guinness World Records
10513:(174): 10–1. May 1996.
9435:Lunar: The Silver Star
9432:Skid (December 1993).
8317:"Tengai Makyou: Ziria"
8190:Guinness World Records
8148:Wizards & Warriors
7628:. 2005. Archived from
6813:Jeremy Parish (2012).
6770:"Of Wizards and Bards"
5799:Steve L. Kent (2001),
5644:World Coin price Guide
5583:Guinness World Records
5506:Kohler, Chris (2005).
5417:Guinness World Records
4281:Dragon Quest Heroes II
4225:Xenoblade Chronicles 2
4047:World of Final Fantasy
3867:handheld game consoles
3861:released in 2012, the
3846:
3826:
3817:Japanese players at a
3565:, was released, while
3506:
3491:
3470:
3378:Guinness World Records
3300:best games of all time
3062:series. The design of
2799:Lunar: The Silver Star
2501:
2147:action-adventure games
2004:
1417:series (translated by
1124:
1071:'s debut shoot 'em up
976:
916:
887:Mitsubishi Electronics
858:
846:
807:were Hiroshi Suzuki's
637:History of video games
56:
17782:Video gaming in Japan
16591:Tactical role-playing
16356:Tactical role-playing
15872:By console generation
15824:Early mainframe games
14762:Deputy Prime Minister
14147:Asuka Kiyomihara Code
13852:Barton, Matt (2008).
13547:PlayStation LifeStyle
10354:. Expo.nikkeibp.co.jp
10190:Cunningham, Michael.
8430:Computer Gaming World
8133:Computer Gaming World
6796:Computer Gaming World
6413:"Nintendo Scores Big"
6122:Computer Gaming World
5585:. Guinness. pp.
5419:. Guinness. pp.
4732:10.7880/abas.0170228a
4502:. September 23, 2020.
4351:Monster Hunter: World
4311:Monster Hunter: World
4041:Dragon Quest Builders
3832:
3816:
3497:
3476:
3454:
3439:Handheld game console
3024:was a predecessor to
2495:
2392:management simulation
1998:
1943:3D polygonal graphics
1911:action-adventure game
1264:console manufacturers
1213:1983 video game crash
1114:
967:
953:, being the first to
934:The War of the Worlds
903:
852:
841:
333:Further information:
322:Further information:
307:Further information:
39:Building 2, known as
34:
17603:United Arab Emirates
16971:Vertically scrolling
14671:House of Councillors
14565:World Heritage Sites
11261:den Ouden, Adriaan.
10422:"東京ゲームショウ2016開幕直前情報"
9291:Kurt Kalata (2007).
9162:Contra conquering DS
8511:, "Dragon Quest IV".
7252:"Extentofthejam.com"
6675:Emmis Communications
6202:. News & Notes.
5620:Guardian Media Group
5224:Video games in Japan
5155:SUZUKI, Hiroshi ...
4870:, p. 83, BWD Press,
4839:10.3390/arts10030042
4686:10.3390/info14070399
4393:The Game Awards 2022
4366:The Game Awards 2019
4208:The Game Awards 2017
4005:Pokémon Sun and Moon
3921:developing countries
3892:digital distribution
3865:family in 2013; the
3759:market, behind only
3420:Xenoslaive Overdrive
3255:3D computer graphics
2966:moved away from the
2913:battle system, the "
2881:, the second in the
2838:(1993), followed by
2740:Heracles no Eikō III
2575:The King of Fighters
2312:2000s in video games
2296:1990s in video games
2290:1990s to early 2000s
2202:Nintendo Space World
2165:(1986) as examples.
1772:began production on
1741:. The game borrowed
1656:arcade system boards
1099:1980s in video games
717:1970s to early 1980s
486:in the West such as
17787:Mass media in Japan
17630:limited recognition
17363:Video games in Asia
16601:Turn-based strategy
16506:Submarine simulator
16312:Action role-playing
16219:Interactive fiction
15909:Seventh (2005–2017)
14688:Self-Defense Forces
12703:. December 27, 2016
12612:Nikkei Asian Review
9966:. October 26, 2014.
9866:. January 29, 2018.
9222:Panzer Dragoon Orta
9220:Goldstein, Hilary,
8560:"Final Fantasy III"
8321:Hardcore Gaming 101
8212:"Japanese Secrets!"
8106:Hardcore Gaming 101
8019:Hardcore Gaming 101
7985:"Space Harrier 3-D"
7830:Videogametrader.com
7436:Hardcore Gaming 101
7418:Hardcore Gaming 101
7346:Space Harrier (PS2)
6970:Hardcore Gaming 101
6954:. November 2, 2015.
6894:Hardcore Gaming 101
6739:Hardcore Gaming 101
6387:"Editorial License"
5998:"ジャンプバグ レトロゲームしま専科"
5159:– PET2001 (1979/11)
4368:and by fans in the
4360:. The game won the
4251:Valkyria Revolution
3737:Valkyria Chronicles
3615:video game consoles
3551:spiritual successor
3406:shoot 'em ups like
3317:tactical turn-based
3315:(1982), featured a
3287:dozens of minigames
2820:3D polygon graphics
2658:Panzer Dragoon Orta
2474:time-keeping system
2437:The Legend of Zelda
2397:Nobunaga's Ambition
2257:Tengai Makyo: Ziria
2194:The Legend of Zelda
2172:The Legend of Zelda
2070:3-D shutter glasses
1710:video game consoles
1646:and running on the
1580:, released for the
1541:The Legend of Zelda
1519:The Legend of Zelda
1500:The Tower of Druaga
1444:The Tower of Druaga
1419:ASCII Entertainment
1276:The Legend of Zelda
670:submarine simulator
615:, and many others.
580:Visual novels (VNs)
527:The Legend of Zelda
390:Battle royale games
193:The Legend of Zelda
18:Japanese video game
17002:Video game modding
16944:Nonlinear gameplay
16606:Turn-based tactics
16574:Real-time strategy
15894:Fourth (1987–2003)
15884:Second (1976–1992)
14822:Telecommunications
14354:Russo-Japanese War
14284:Tokugawa shogunate
14234:Nanboku-chō period
14229:Ashikaga shogunate
14202:Kamakura shogunate
13549:. August 14, 2018.
12844:The New York Times
12113:IndustryGamers.com
11842:2012-10-21 at the
11043:. October 14, 2011
11041:Investor Relations
10963:2009-01-30 at the
10899:2009-09-03 at the
10876:2009-01-30 at the
10856:2011-07-13 at the
10811:www.nintendo.co.jp
10398:"東京ゲームショウ2016結果速報"
10168:. March 19, 2009.
10010:"Unsung Inventors"
9341:. October 10, 2010
9251:2011-07-13 at the
9227:2009-03-07 at the
9207:2009-02-14 at the
9187:2011-09-20 at the
9167:2011-09-19 at the
9002:Spencer, Spanner,
8761:. November 2, 2007
8272:"GOTW: Sweet Home"
8166:. Uk.retro.ign.com
7922:2009-07-24 at the
7902:2011-09-20 at the
7865:2012-02-16 at the
7486:Cassidy, William.
7412:2010-01-16 at the
7392:2011-07-13 at the
7328:2011-07-13 at the
7102:2012-03-09 at the
6964:John Szczepaniak,
6733:John Szczepaniak.
6442:Talk of the Nation
5908:2012-05-14 at the
5903:The History of SNK
5883:2016-11-12 at the
5670:Fox, Mark (2012).
5552:. February 3, 1984
5313:2008-12-08 at the
4484:. October 6, 2020.
4439:Warehouse Kawasaki
4410:Soft power § Japan
4375:Sony released the
4080:The New York Times
3943:personal computers
3896:games as a service
3847:
3827:
3692:economic recession
3512:economic recession
3507:
3492:
3471:
3097:Final Fantasy VIII
3087:In 1995, Square's
2911:pausable real-time
2875:In 1993, Square's
2864:light gun shooters
2814:Final Fantasy VIII
2705:Shin Megami Tensei
2507:Mega Drive/Genesis
2502:
2466:Active Time Battle
2024:market with their
2005:
2003:, released in 1987
1817:damsel-in-distress
1648:Sega Space Harrier
1558:real-time strategy
1482:Courageous Perseus
1404:-quality hardware
1367:display resolution
1343:personal computers
1125:
1039:with over 60,000,
977:
917:
905:Tomohiro Nishikado
859:
847:
324:Video game console
199:Sonic the Hedgehog
127:video game console
57:
17735:
17734:
17672:other territories
17330:
17329:
17324:
17323:
17019:
17018:
17015:
17014:
17007:Video game remake
16915:Emergent gameplay
16586:Real-time tactics
16545:
16544:
16484:Flight simulation
16214:Graphic adventure
16160:
16159:
15961:Video game genres
15927:
15926:
15904:Sixth (1998–2013)
15899:Fifth (1993–2005)
15889:Third (1983–2003)
15879:First (1972–1980)
15776:
15775:
15342:
15341:
15237:
15236:
15203:
15202:
14952:Sexual minorities
14840:
14839:
14774:
14773:
14770:
14769:
14683:Political parties
14622:Foreign relations
14573:
14572:
14477:
14476:
14467:COVID-19 pandemic
14336:Satsuma Rebellion
14321:Meiji Restoration
14219:Kenmu Restoration
14079:Foreign relations
13963:. Think Services.
13914:978-0-240-81146-8
13868:978-1-56881-411-7
13502:GamesIndustry.biz
13243:GamesIndustry.biz
12296:Haywald, Justin.
11942:. April 12, 2017.
11912:GamesIndustry.biz
11774:978-3-642-04051-1
11494:Pearson Education
11263:"RPG of the Year"
11243:. August 18, 2022
10956:Gouskos, Carrie,
10352:"Tokyo Game Show"
10136:ゲーム戦線超異状―任天堂VSソニー
9913:Final Fantasy III
9879:Final Fantasy III
9151:, pp. 77–78.
8685:. April 25, 2008.
8342:"Are JRPGs dead?"
8193:. January 1, 2007
8056:. January 2, 2011
7937:"3-D WorldRunner"
7611:, "Dragon Quest".
6972:, 15 January 2011
6877:Selected Contents
6873:978-1-5186553-1-9
6853:Selected Contents
6849:978-1-5186553-1-9
5596:978-1-904994-21-3
5430:978-1-904994-21-3
5191:Selected Contents
5185:978-0-9929260-0-7
5163:Selected Contents
5150:978-0-9929260-0-7
5128:Selected Contents
5116:978-0-9929260-0-7
4370:2019 Steam Awards
4325:Octopath Traveler
4245:Tales of Berseria
4235:Dragon Quest VIII
4192:eighth-generation
4093:Tatsumi Kimishima
4035:Fire Emblem Fates
3877:in 2013, and the
3631:computer industry
3627:US games industry
3360:Radiant Silvergun
3349:Radiant Silvergun
3296:Final Fantasy VII
3283:Final Fantasy VII
3272:Final Fantasy VII
3267:full-motion video
3234:, began offering
2989:child abandonment
2762:Glory of Heracles
2757:Final Fantasy VII
2541:Street Fighter II
2516:Super Mario World
2362:character classes
2353:Final Fantasy III
2260:released for the
2189:experience points
2153:setting," citing
2092:sword and sorcery
2065:Space Harrier 3-D
2022:personal computer
1706:motion-controlled
1626:Street Fighter II
1375:video game design
1270:Super Mario Bros.
1051:with 35,000, and
907:, creator of the
796:Heavyweight Champ
733:arcade video game
562:Final Fantasy XVI
309:Arcade video game
205:Super Smash Bros.
16:(Redirected from
17794:
17764:
17763:
17762:
17752:
17751:
17750:
17743:
17725:
17715:
17714:
17684:Christmas Island
17370:Sovereign states
17357:
17350:
17343:
17334:
17333:
17046:
17039:
17032:
17023:
17022:
16997:Video game clone
16713:
16712:
16709:Related concepts
16516:Vehicular combat
16371:
16370:
16244:Digital tabletop
16224:Interactive film
16184:Grand Theft Auto
16175:Action-adventure
16168:
16125:Platform fighter
16004:Platform fighter
15987:
15986:
15954:
15947:
15940:
15931:
15930:
15803:
15796:
15789:
15780:
15779:
15384:
15377:
15370:
15361:
15360:
15346:
15345:
15310:
15309:
15264:
15257:
15250:
15241:
15240:
15227:
15226:
15219:Japan portal
15217:
15216:
15215:
15132:National symbols
14851:
14850:
14785:
14784:
14588:
14587:
14584:
14583:
14488:
14487:
14422:Economic miracle
14224:Muromachi period
14034:
14033:
13992:
13985:
13978:
13969:
13968:
13964:
13944:
13942:
13941:
13932:. Archived from
13918:
13893:
13878:
13876:
13875:
13860:A K Peters, Ltd.
13839:
13838:
13836:
13835:
13813:
13807:
13806:
13804:
13803:
13786:
13780:
13779:
13778:
13777:
13756:
13750:
13749:
13747:
13746:
13729:
13723:
13722:
13720:
13719:
13699:
13693:
13692:
13690:
13689:
13669:
13663:
13662:
13660:
13659:
13639:
13633:
13632:
13630:
13629:
13607:
13601:
13600:
13598:
13597:
13582:
13576:
13575:
13573:
13572:
13557:
13551:
13550:
13539:
13533:
13532:
13518:
13512:
13511:
13509:
13508:
13493:
13487:
13486:
13479:
13473:
13472:
13470:
13469:
13460:. Archived from
13448:
13442:
13441:
13439:
13438:
13423:
13417:
13416:
13414:
13413:
13391:
13385:
13384:
13382:
13381:
13359:
13353:
13352:
13350:
13349:
13340:. Archived from
13327:
13321:
13320:
13318:
13317:
13295:
13289:
13288:
13286:
13285:
13265:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13255:
13233:
13227:
13226:
13224:
13223:
13214:. Archived from
13197:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13187:
13165:
13159:
13158:
13156:
13155:
13133:
13127:
13126:
13124:
13123:
13101:
13095:
13094:
13092:
13091:
13069:
13060:
13059:
13057:
13056:
13034:
13028:
13027:
13025:
13024:
12998:
12992:
12991:
12989:
12988:
12963:
12957:
12956:
12954:
12953:
12931:
12922:
12921:
12919:
12918:
12892:
12886:
12885:
12883:
12882:
12860:
12854:
12853:
12851:
12850:
12835:
12829:
12828:
12826:
12825:
12809:
12803:
12802:
12800:
12799:
12777:
12771:
12770:
12768:
12767:
12758:. Archived from
12748:
12742:
12741:
12739:
12738:
12727:
12712:
12711:
12709:
12708:
12697:
12688:
12687:
12685:
12684:
12665:
12656:
12655:
12653:
12652:
12647:. March 27, 2017
12641:
12628:
12627:
12625:
12624:
12615:. June 7, 2014.
12603:
12597:
12596:
12594:
12593:
12577:
12571:
12554:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12544:
12524:
12518:
12517:
12515:
12514:
12494:
12488:
12487:
12486:
12485:
12467:
12461:
12460:
12458:
12457:
12440:
12434:
12433:
12431:
12430:
12415:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12390:
12384:
12383:
12381:
12380:
12368:
12362:
12361:
12359:
12358:
12352:
12345:
12337:
12331:
12330:
12328:
12327:
12315:
12309:
12308:
12306:
12305:
12293:
12287:
12286:
12284:
12283:
12271:
12265:
12264:
12263:. June 21, 2013.
12251:
12245:
12244:
12230:
12224:
12223:
12221:
12220:
12208:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12198:
12184:
12176:
12170:
12169:
12167:
12166:
12149:
12143:
12141:
12130:Ewalt, David M.
12127:
12121:
12120:
12104:
12098:
12097:
12095:
12094:
12087:Business Insider
12077:
12068:
12067:
12065:
12064:
12049:
12043:
12042:
12040:
12039:
12024:
12018:
12017:
12015:
12014:
12005:. Archived from
11997:Russell, Danny.
11994:
11988:
11987:
11985:
11984:
11972:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11962:
11950:
11944:
11943:
11930:
11924:
11923:
11921:
11920:
11915:. August 2, 2016
11903:
11897:
11896:
11894:
11893:
11877:
11871:
11870:
11858:
11847:
11834:
11828:
11827:
11825:
11824:
11810:
11804:
11803:
11801:
11800:
11785:
11779:
11778:
11766:
11750:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11740:
11725:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11715:
11703:
11697:
11696:
11694:
11693:
11678:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11668:
11651:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11641:
11624:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11614:
11597:
11591:
11590:
11588:
11587:
11570:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11560:
11543:
11537:
11536:
11534:
11533:
11524:. Archived from
11511:
11505:
11504:
11502:
11501:
11483:
11477:
11476:
11474:
11473:
11457:
11448:
11447:
11445:
11444:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11411:
11405:
11404:
11394:
11388:
11387:
11385:
11384:
11367:
11361:
11360:
11358:
11357:
11336:
11330:
11329:
11327:
11326:
11310:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11300:
11287:Marchello, Sam.
11284:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11274:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11248:
11233:
11227:
11220:
11214:
11213:
11211:
11210:
11195:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11185:
11170:
11164:
11163:
11161:
11160:
11151:. Archived from
11132:
11126:
11125:
11123:
11122:
11116:
11108:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11098:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11073:
11058:
11052:
11051:
11049:
11048:
11030:
11019:
11018:
11016:
11015:
11000:
10989:
10988:
10986:
10985:
10974:
10968:
10954:
10948:
10942:
10933:
10932:
10930:
10929:
10910:
10904:
10890:
10881:
10869:McCarthy, Dave,
10867:
10861:
10849:Buchanan, Levi,
10847:
10841:
10840:
10838:
10837:
10827:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10817:
10803:
10797:
10791:
10789:
10788:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10748:
10742:
10741:
10739:
10738:
10722:
10716:
10715:
10713:
10712:
10698:
10692:
10686:
10684:
10683:
10662:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10652:
10637:
10631:
10625:
10619:
10613:
10604:
10598:
10592:
10586:
10575:
10574:
10572:
10571:
10562:. Archived from
10550:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10533:
10521:
10515:
10514:
10504:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10494:
10467:
10461:
10460:
10458:
10457:
10442:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10432:
10426:
10418:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10408:
10402:
10394:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10384:
10369:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10359:
10348:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10338:
10319:
10313:
10308:Retrospective,"
10302:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10292:
10283:. Archived from
10270:
10264:
10263:
10261:
10260:
10251:. Archived from
10238:
10232:
10231:
10229:
10228:
10213:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10203:
10187:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10177:
10156:
10150:
10149:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10122:
10100:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10087:
10078:. Archived from
10065:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10052:
10037:
10031:
10030:
10028:
10027:
10018:. Archived from
10005:
9999:
9998:
9996:
9995:
9979:
9968:
9967:
9960:
9954:
9953:
9942:
9936:
9935:
9927:
9921:
9920:
9909:
9903:
9902:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9874:
9868:
9867:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9844:
9829:
9823:
9817:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9807:
9791:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9765:
9756:
9755:
9748:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9719:
9713:
9712:
9710:
9709:
9692:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9670:. Archived from
9653:
9647:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9620:
9597:
9591:
9590:
9584:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9557:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9544:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9518:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9493:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9464:
9460:
9458:
9450:
9448:
9447:
9429:
9423:
9422:
9420:
9419:
9407:
9401:
9400:
9398:
9397:
9381:
9375:
9374:
9372:
9371:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9331:
9325:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9309:
9303:
9302:
9300:
9299:
9293:"Dragon Quest V"
9288:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9278:
9262:
9256:
9246:Rez HD is Coming
9242:
9236:
9218:
9212:
9198:
9192:
9178:
9172:
9158:
9152:
9146:
9140:
9139:, p. 78–80.
9134:
9128:
9127:
9122:. Archived from
9112:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9093:. Archived from
9086:
9080:
9074:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9059:
9052:Electronic Games
9042:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9032:
9017:
9011:
9000:
8989:
8988:
8975:Soft Skull Press
8964:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8954:
8945:. Archived from
8934:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8915:. Archived from
8904:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8888:
8881:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8863:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8821:
8815:
8809:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8790:. Archived from
8779:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8766:
8751:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8741:
8732:. Archived from
8719:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8693:
8687:
8686:
8675:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8665:
8650:
8644:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8608:
8602:
8596:
8590:
8589:
8581:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8546:
8530:
8524:
8518:
8512:
8506:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8493:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8456:. Archived from
8445:
8439:
8438:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8415:
8401:, p. xxiv,
8399:Cengage Learning
8388:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8369:
8363:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8312:
8306:
8305:
8297:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8287:
8278:. Archived from
8267:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8248:. Archived from
8235:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8216:chrismcovell.com
8208:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8159:
8153:
8152:
8127:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8117:
8108:. Archived from
8097:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8087:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8061:
8046:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8010:
7999:
7998:
7993:. Archived from
7981:
7975:
7974:
7969:. Archived from
7957:
7951:
7950:
7945:. Archived from
7933:
7927:
7915:Buchanan, Levi,
7913:
7907:
7893:
7887:
7880:
7874:
7858:Buchanan, Levi,
7856:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7832:. Archived from
7821:
7815:
7814:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7776:
7767:
7758:
7749:
7740:
7734:
7727:
7721:
7714:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7692:. Archived from
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7660:. Archived from
7647:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7637:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7526:. Archived from
7513:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7494:. Archived from
7483:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7464:. Archived from
7454:Gifford, Kevin.
7451:
7440:
7439:
7427:
7421:
7403:
7397:
7383:
7377:
7370:
7364:
7358:
7349:
7342:
7333:
7321:Buchanan, Levi,
7319:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7275:. Archived from
7269:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7259:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7233:. April 21, 2009
7227:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7208:. Archived from
7198:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7179:. Archived from
7168:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7158:
7149:. Archived from
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7113:
7107:
7094:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7075:. Archived from
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7044:. Archived from
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7011:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6992:. Archived from
6979:
6973:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6948:
6942:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6913:"Hydlide (Game)"
6908:
6902:
6901:
6896:. Archived from
6885:
6879:
6861:
6855:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6810:
6801:
6800:
6790:
6784:
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6759:
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6748:
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6718:
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6698:
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6690:
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6616:
6603:
6597:
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6593:
6573:
6567:
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6537:
6531:
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6514:
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6495:
6489:
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6466:
6453:
6447:
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6433:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6359:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6302:. Archived from
6291:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6168:
6162:
6161:
6145:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6094:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6000:. Archived from
5994:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5919:
5913:
5900:
5891:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5832:"Arcade Games".
5829:
5823:
5822:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5667:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5557:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5484:. Archived from
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5450:Electronic Games
5441:
5435:
5434:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5355:. Archived from
5344:
5335:
5334:
5324:
5318:
5306:Buchanan, Levi,
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5285:. Archived from
5272:
5263:
5252:
5243:
5242:, Arcade History
5237:
5231:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5171:
5165:
5161:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5057:Picard, Martin.
5054:
5039:
5028:
5022:
5015:Duck Hunt (1969)
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4987:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4965:. Archived from
4954:
4948:
4928:
4919:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4861:
4852:
4851:
4841:
4817:
4798:
4791:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4734:
4710:
4699:
4698:
4688:
4664:
4653:
4652:
4634:
4610:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4584:. Archived from
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4455:
4362:Game of the Year
4331:
4317:
4275:Etrian Odyssey V
4128:Yoshiaki Koizumi
4125:
4101:Shigeru Miyamoto
4011:Final Fantasy XV
3879:PlayStation Vita
3823:Akihabara, Tokyo
3786:in the country.
3595:Game of the Year
3488:amusement arcade
3467:Tsukuba, Ibaraki
3368:Xbox Live Arcade
3263:fifth generation
3220:fifth-generation
3167:video game genre
3131:player character
3123:branching choice
3090:Romancing Saga 3
2977:Final Fantasy VI
2963:Final Fantasy VI
2951:Romancing SaGa 2
2940:Romancing Saga 2
2931:Romancing Saga 2
2907:Hiromichi Tanaka
2810:Romancing Saga 3
2772:Dragon Knight II
2745:Kazushige Nojima
2714:multiple endings
2678:Dragon Quest V's
2673:Story of Seasons
2600:
2598:
2597:
2581:Electronic Games
2511:fifth generation
2456:Final Fantasy IV
2428:action-adventure
2402:post-apocalyptic
2335:action-adventure
2284:Ryuichi Sakamoto
2211:Phantasy Star II
2096:monster-catching
1837:video game music
1768:and his team at
1669:. The pseudo-3D
1469:
1439:action-adventure
1331:Hiroshi Yamauchi
1147:Game & Watch
1138:Game & Watch
1121:Japanese-English
863:Magnavox Odyssey
684:image projection
627:straight women.
552:manga literature
482:originated from
462:Fate/Grand Order
456:Granblue Fantasy
298:Gaming platforms
157:Sony PlayStation
55:, Japan, in 2006
21:
17802:
17801:
17797:
17796:
17795:
17793:
17792:
17791:
17772:
17771:
17770:
17760:
17758:
17748:
17746:
17738:
17736:
17731:
17703:
17671:
17662:
17643:Northern Cyprus
17629:
17622:
17364:
17361:
17331:
17326:
17325:
17320:
17299:
17193:
17122:
17084:
17053:
17050:
17020:
17011:
16975:
16966:Twitch gameplay
16891:
16855:
16817:
16704:
16656:Survival horror
16629:
16579:Time management
16541:
16520:
16511:Train simulator
16470:
16435:
16407:
16360:
16298:
16268:
16238:
16195:
16169:
16156:
16096:
16092:Survival horror
16073:
16008:
15976:
15963:
15958:
15928:
15923:
15867:
15812:
15807:
15777:
15772:
15724:
15661:
15598:
15535:
15472:
15409:
15393:
15388:
15353:
15343:
15338:
15273:
15268:
15238:
15233:
15213:
15211:
15199:
15019:Class S (genre)
14971:
14947:Sex trafficking
14922:Life expectancy
14858:Anti-monarchism
14836:
14766:
14709:
14676:List of members
14656:Law enforcement
14569:
14473:
14445:
14397:Mukden Incident
14358:
14316:Meiji oligarchy
14296:Empire of Japan
14267:
14197:Kamakura period
14180:
14105:
14023:
14005:
13996:
13951:
13939:
13937:
13915:
13873:
13871:
13869:
13843:
13842:
13833:
13831:
13814:
13810:
13801:
13799:
13787:
13783:
13775:
13773:
13758:
13757:
13753:
13744:
13742:
13730:
13726:
13717:
13715:
13700:
13696:
13687:
13685:
13670:
13666:
13657:
13655:
13640:
13636:
13627:
13625:
13608:
13604:
13595:
13593:
13583:
13579:
13570:
13568:
13558:
13554:
13541:
13540:
13536:
13519:
13515:
13506:
13504:
13494:
13490:
13481:
13480:
13476:
13467:
13465:
13457:The Game Awards
13450:
13449:
13445:
13436:
13434:
13424:
13420:
13411:
13409:
13392:
13388:
13379:
13377:
13360:
13356:
13347:
13345:
13328:
13324:
13315:
13313:
13296:
13292:
13283:
13281:
13266:
13262:
13253:
13251:
13234:
13230:
13221:
13219:
13198:
13194:
13185:
13183:
13166:
13162:
13153:
13151:
13134:
13130:
13121:
13119:
13102:
13098:
13089:
13087:
13070:
13063:
13054:
13052:
13035:
13031:
13022:
13020:
13013:CBS Interactive
12999:
12995:
12986:
12984:
12964:
12960:
12951:
12949:
12932:
12925:
12916:
12914:
12893:
12889:
12880:
12878:
12861:
12857:
12848:
12846:
12836:
12832:
12823:
12821:
12810:
12806:
12797:
12795:
12778:
12774:
12765:
12763:
12750:
12749:
12745:
12736:
12734:
12733:. June 30, 2017
12729:
12728:
12715:
12706:
12704:
12699:
12698:
12691:
12682:
12680:
12667:
12666:
12659:
12650:
12648:
12643:
12642:
12631:
12622:
12620:
12605:
12604:
12600:
12591:
12589:
12584:. gematsu.com.
12578:
12574:
12565:Wayback Machine
12555:
12551:
12542:
12540:
12525:
12521:
12512:
12510:
12495:
12491:
12483:
12481:
12476:, polygon.com,
12468:
12464:
12455:
12453:
12441:
12437:
12428:
12426:
12416:
12412:
12403:
12401:
12392:
12391:
12387:
12378:
12376:
12375:. Nintendo Life
12369:
12365:
12356:
12354:
12350:
12343:
12339:
12338:
12334:
12325:
12323:
12316:
12312:
12303:
12301:
12294:
12290:
12281:
12279:
12272:
12268:
12253:
12252:
12248:
12231:
12227:
12218:
12216:
12209:
12205:
12196:
12194:
12177:
12173:
12164:
12162:
12150:
12146:
12128:
12124:
12105:
12101:
12092:
12090:
12078:
12071:
12062:
12060:
12050:
12046:
12037:
12035:
12026:
12025:
12021:
12012:
12010:
11995:
11991:
11982:
11980:
11973:
11969:
11960:
11958:
11951:
11947:
11932:
11931:
11927:
11918:
11916:
11905:
11904:
11900:
11891:
11889:
11879:
11878:
11874:
11859:
11850:
11844:Wayback Machine
11835:
11831:
11822:
11820:
11812:
11811:
11807:
11798:
11796:
11786:
11782:
11775:
11751:
11747:
11738:
11736:
11726:
11722:
11713:
11711:
11704:
11700:
11691:
11689:
11688:. April 4, 2013
11680:
11679:
11675:
11666:
11664:
11652:
11648:
11639:
11637:
11625:
11621:
11612:
11610:
11607:The Japan Times
11598:
11594:
11585:
11583:
11580:The Japan Times
11571:
11567:
11558:
11556:
11553:The Japan Times
11544:
11540:
11531:
11529:
11512:
11508:
11499:
11497:
11484:
11480:
11471:
11469:
11466:Financial Times
11459:
11458:
11451:
11442:
11440:
11437:The Japan Times
11430:
11429:
11425:
11413:
11412:
11408:
11396:
11395:
11391:
11382:
11380:
11368:
11364:
11355:
11353:
11345:Game Revolution
11338:
11337:
11333:
11324:
11322:
11311:
11307:
11298:
11296:
11289:"Best Graphics"
11285:
11281:
11272:
11270:
11259:
11255:
11246:
11244:
11235:
11234:
11230:
11221:
11217:
11208:
11206:
11205:. June 15, 2015
11197:
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10965:Wayback Machine
10955:
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10901:Wayback Machine
10891:
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10868:
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10858:Wayback Machine
10848:
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10828:
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10815:
10813:
10805:
10804:
10800:
10786:
10784:
10777:Virtual Console
10772:"Bokosuka Wars"
10770:
10769:
10765:
10752:"Bokosuka Wars"
10750:
10749:
10745:
10736:
10734:
10723:
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10708:
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10540:
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10529:
10522:
10518:
10506:
10505:
10501:
10492:
10490:
10488:
10480:. p. 296.
10468:
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10382:
10380:
10371:
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10366:
10357:
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10350:
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10345:
10336:
10334:
10321:
10320:
10316:
10303:
10299:
10290:
10288:
10271:
10267:
10258:
10256:
10239:
10235:
10226:
10224:
10215:
10214:
10210:
10201:
10199:
10188:
10184:
10175:
10173:
10164:(in Japanese).
10162:
10158:
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10153:
10146:
10137:
10134:
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10129:
10120:
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10101:
10094:
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10023:
10006:
10002:
9993:
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9980:
9971:
9962:
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9957:
9944:
9943:
9939:
9928:
9924:
9911:
9910:
9906:
9897:
9896:
9892:
9884:(NPC in Jidoor)
9875:
9871:
9856:
9855:
9851:
9842:
9840:
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9826:
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9814:
9805:
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9640:Wayback Machine
9631:
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9306:
9297:
9295:
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9285:
9276:
9274:
9263:
9259:
9253:Wayback Machine
9244:Brudwig, Erik,
9243:
9239:
9229:Wayback Machine
9219:
9215:
9209:Wayback Machine
9199:
9195:
9189:Wayback Machine
9179:
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9169:Wayback Machine
9159:
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9131:
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9057:
9055:
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9039:
9030:
9028:
9018:
9014:
9001:
8992:
8985:
8977:. p. 119.
8965:
8961:
8952:
8950:
8935:
8931:
8922:
8920:
8905:
8901:
8892:
8890:
8886:
8879:
8875:
8874:
8870:
8861:
8859:
8851:
8850:
8846:
8839:
8825:Kent, Steven L.
8822:
8818:
8810:
8806:
8797:
8795:
8782:Andrew Vestal.
8780:
8773:
8764:
8762:
8753:
8752:
8748:
8739:
8737:
8720:
8716:
8707:
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8500:
8491:
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8463:
8461:
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8425:
8421:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8389:
8385:
8377:
8373:
8357:
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8350:
8348:
8338:
8334:
8325:
8323:
8313:
8309:
8298:
8294:
8285:
8283:
8268:
8264:
8255:
8253:
8238:Kasavin, Greg.
8236:
8229:
8220:
8218:
8210:
8209:
8205:
8196:
8194:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8169:
8167:
8160:
8156:
8128:
8124:
8115:
8113:
8098:
8094:
8085:
8083:
8072:
8068:
8059:
8057:
8048:
8047:
8032:
8023:
8021:
8015:"Megami Tensei"
8011:
8002:
7983:
7982:
7978:
7959:
7958:
7954:
7935:
7934:
7930:
7924:Wayback Machine
7914:
7910:
7904:Wayback Machine
7895:Navarro, ALex,
7894:
7890:
7881:
7877:
7867:Wayback Machine
7857:
7848:
7839:
7837:
7822:
7818:
7803:
7799:
7785:
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7759:
7752:
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7648:
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7591:
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7571:
7567:
7547:
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7542:
7533:
7531:
7514:
7510:
7501:
7499:
7484:
7480:
7471:
7469:
7452:
7443:
7428:
7424:
7414:Wayback Machine
7404:
7400:
7394:Wayback Machine
7384:
7380:
7372:Kasavin, Greg,
7371:
7367:
7359:
7352:
7344:Maragos, Nich,
7343:
7336:
7330:Wayback Machine
7320:
7316:
7307:
7305:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7282:
7280:
7271:
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7266:
7257:
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7169:
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7139:
7130:
7128:
7115:
7114:
7110:
7104:Wayback Machine
7095:
7091:
7082:
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7065:
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7060:
7051:
7049:
7040:
7039:
7035:
7026:
7024:
7012:
7008:
6999:
6997:
6980:
6976:
6966:War of the Dead
6963:
6959:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6934:
6930:
6921:
6919:
6909:
6905:
6890:"Dragon Slayer"
6886:
6882:
6862:
6858:
6838:
6834:
6825:
6823:
6811:
6804:
6791:
6787:
6778:
6776:
6766:
6762:
6750:
6749:Reprinted from
6743:
6741:
6731:
6722:
6713:
6711:
6699:
6695:
6687:
6685:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6652:
6648:
6640:
6636:
6629:
6607:Kent, Steven L.
6604:
6600:
6591:
6589:
6574:
6570:
6563:
6541:Kent, Steven L.
6538:
6534:
6527:
6505:Kent, Steven L.
6502:
6498:
6490:
6486:
6479:
6457:Kent, Steven L.
6454:
6450:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6421:
6419:
6409:
6405:
6396:
6394:
6383:
6379:
6372:
6350:Kent, Steven L.
6347:
6343:
6336:
6322:
6318:
6309:
6307:
6292:
6288:
6279:
6277:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6255:
6253:
6235:
6231:
6222:
6220:
6196:
6192:
6183:
6181:
6169:
6165:
6158:
6136:Kent, Steven L.
6133:
6129:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6107:
6085:Kent, Steven L.
6082:
6078:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6027:news.google.com
6021:
6020:
6016:
6007:
6005:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5982:
5980:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5941:
5932:
5930:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5910:Wayback Machine
5901:
5894:
5885:Wayback Machine
5876:
5872:
5865:
5849:
5845:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5815:
5807:, p. 352,
5797:
5793:
5770:
5766:
5755:
5747:, p. 352,
5735:
5728:
5718:
5698:
5694:
5685:
5683:
5676:World Coin News
5668:
5661:
5652:
5650:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5624:
5622:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5571:
5567:
5555:
5553:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5504:
5500:
5491:
5489:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5460:
5458:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5405:
5401:
5392:
5390:
5375:
5371:
5362:
5360:
5345:
5338:
5325:
5321:
5315:Wayback Machine
5305:
5301:
5292:
5290:
5275:Edwards, Benj.
5273:
5266:
5254:Martin Picard,
5253:
5246:
5238:
5234:
5221:
5217:
5208:
5206:
5203:"005 from Sega"
5201:
5200:
5196:
5186:
5172:
5168:
5151:
5137:
5133:
5123:Manbiki Shounen
5117:
5103:
5099:
5088:
5084:
5055:
5042:
5029:
5025:
5012:
5008:
4999:
4997:
4989:
4988:
4981:
4972:
4970:
4955:
4951:
4929:
4922:
4897:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4862:
4855:
4818:
4801:
4792:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4760:
4756:
4711:
4702:
4665:
4656:
4611:
4600:
4591:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4566:
4564:
4554:
4550:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4521:
4511:
4507:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4401:
4329:
4315:
4230:Nintendo Switch
4120:
4067:Nintendo Switch
3904:virtual reality
3883:Nintendo Switch
3845:(blue) in Japan
3835:Nintendo Switch
3811:
3639:Tokyo Game Show
3503:Tokyo Game Show
3449:
3435:
3222:home consoles,
3190:Tokyo Game Show
3164:survival horror
3127:dialogue choice
2844:Namco System 22
2751:suffering from
2592:
2343:Dragon Quest IV
2314:
2292:
2246:survival horror
2242:Japanese horror
2181:monetary system
2053:3-D WorldRunner
1833:Koichi Sugiyama
1467:
1336:Seal of Quality
1233:Donkey Kong Jr.
1117:Family Computer
1109:
1095:
1048:Donkey Kong Jr.
1013:popular culture
809:Manbiki Shounen
729:
719:
652:
647:
633:
606:Fate/stay night
577:
571:
477:
471:
444:
438:
383:
377:
372:
341:
331:
326:
320:
315:
305:
303:Arcade machines
300:
241:Animal Crossing
149:Family Computer
106:, and formerly
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17800:
17790:
17789:
17784:
17769:
17768:
17756:
17733:
17732:
17730:
17729:
17719:
17708:
17705:
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17702:
17701:
17696:
17691:
17686:
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17675:
17673:
17664:
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17655:
17650:
17645:
17640:
17634:
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17624:
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17605:
17600:
17595:
17590:
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17555:
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17515:
17510:
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17475:
17470:
17465:
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17455:
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17410:
17405:
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17380:
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17359:
17352:
17345:
17337:
17328:
17327:
17322:
17321:
17319:
17318:
17313:
17307:
17305:
17301:
17300:
17298:
17297:
17295:United Kingdom
17292:
17287:
17282:
17277:
17272:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17252:
17247:
17242:
17237:
17232:
17227:
17222:
17217:
17212:
17210:Czech Republic
17207:
17201:
17199:
17195:
17194:
17192:
17191:
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17166:
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17115:
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17092:
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17077:
17072:
17067:
17061:
17059:
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17054:
17049:
17048:
17041:
17034:
17026:
17017:
17016:
17013:
17012:
17010:
17009:
17004:
16999:
16994:
16989:
16983:
16981:
16977:
16976:
16974:
16973:
16968:
16963:
16961:Side-scrolling
16958:
16957:
16956:
16951:
16941:
16936:
16929:
16922:
16917:
16912:
16911:
16910:
16899:
16897:
16893:
16892:
16890:
16889:
16888:
16887:
16882:
16869:
16863:
16861:
16857:
16856:
16854:
16853:
16848:
16847:
16846:
16841:
16836:
16825:
16823:
16819:
16818:
16816:
16815:
16814:
16813:
16808:
16806:Climate change
16803:
16793:
16788:
16783:
16778:
16777:
16776:
16764:
16757:
16752:
16747:
16742:
16737:
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16725:
16719:
16717:
16710:
16706:
16705:
16703:
16702:
16697:
16692:
16687:
16682:
16677:
16676:
16675:
16665:
16660:
16659:
16658:
16648:
16643:
16637:
16635:
16631:
16630:
16628:
16627:
16626:
16625:
16623:Grand strategy
16615:
16614:
16613:
16603:
16598:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16582:
16581:
16571:
16566:
16561:
16555:
16553:
16547:
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16513:
16508:
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16502:
16501:
16496:
16491:
16480:
16478:
16472:
16471:
16469:
16468:
16467:
16466:
16461:
16451:
16445:
16443:
16437:
16436:
16434:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16417:
16415:
16409:
16408:
16406:
16405:
16400:
16395:
16390:
16385:
16379:
16377:
16368:
16362:
16361:
16359:
16358:
16353:
16352:
16351:
16341:
16339:Monster-taming
16336:
16331:
16326:
16325:
16324:
16319:
16317:Looter shooter
16308:
16306:
16300:
16299:
16297:
16296:
16291:
16284:
16278:
16276:
16270:
16269:
16267:
16266:
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16259:
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16205:
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16171:
16170:
16163:
16161:
16158:
16157:
16155:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16143:
16142:
16129:
16128:
16127:
16117:
16116:
16115:
16113:Hack and slash
16104:
16102:
16098:
16097:
16095:
16094:
16089:
16083:
16081:
16075:
16074:
16072:
16071:
16066:
16061:
16060:
16059:
16054:
16049:
16039:
16034:
16029:
16024:
16018:
16016:
16010:
16009:
16007:
16006:
16001:
15999:Endless runner
15995:
15993:
15984:
15978:
15977:
15975:
15974:
15968:
15965:
15964:
15957:
15956:
15949:
15942:
15934:
15925:
15924:
15922:
15921:
15916:
15914:Eighth (2012–)
15911:
15906:
15901:
15896:
15891:
15886:
15881:
15875:
15873:
15869:
15868:
15866:
15865:
15860:
15859:
15858:
15853:
15843:
15842:
15841:
15836:
15826:
15820:
15818:
15814:
15813:
15806:
15805:
15798:
15791:
15783:
15774:
15773:
15771:
15770:
15765:
15760:
15755:
15750:
15745:
15740:
15734:
15732:
15726:
15725:
15723:
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15299:
15294:
15289:
15284:
15278:
15275:
15274:
15271:Media of Japan
15267:
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15259:
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15074:Henohenomoheji
15071:
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14750:Prime Minister
14747:
14742:
14740:Foreign policy
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14617:Imperial House
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14570:
14568:
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14547:
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14527:
14525:Extreme points
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14246:Sengoku period
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14236:
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14211:
14206:
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14185:Post-Classical
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13949:External links
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12887:
12870:New York Times
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12689:
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12549:
12533:pushsquare.com
12519:
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12332:
12310:
12288:
12274:Parfitt, Ben.
12266:
12246:
12225:
12203:
12171:
12144:
12122:
12119:on 2011-05-28.
12099:
12069:
12044:
12034:. June 5, 2019
12019:
11989:
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11898:
11872:
11848:
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11805:
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11773:
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11698:
11673:
11646:
11619:
11592:
11565:
11538:
11506:
11478:
11449:
11423:
11420:. August 2017.
11406:
11389:
11362:
11331:
11313:Staples, Ken.
11305:
11279:
11253:
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11215:
11190:
11165:
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10934:
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10882:
10862:
10842:
10822:
10798:
10763:
10743:
10717:
10693:
10666:"ランダム・アクセス・メモ"
10657:
10632:
10620:
10605:
10593:
10576:
10538:
10516:
10499:
10487:978-0313379369
10486:
10462:
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10413:
10389:
10364:
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10092:
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10000:
9969:
9955:
9950:Nintendo Power
9937:
9922:
9917:Nintendo Power
9904:
9890:
9869:
9849:
9824:
9822:, p. 220.
9812:
9786:
9757:
9740:
9722:Grand Rabite.
9714:
9684:
9648:
9625:
9592:
9549:
9523:
9498:
9472:
9424:
9414:. HonestGamers
9402:
9376:
9351:
9326:
9304:
9283:
9265:Kalata, Kurt.
9257:
9237:
9213:
9193:
9182:Contra Q&A
9173:
9160:Magrino, Tom,
9153:
9141:
9129:
9126:on 2022-05-25.
9120:glitchwave.com
9107:
9081:
9064:
9037:
9012:
8990:
8983:
8959:
8929:
8899:
8868:
8844:
8837:
8816:
8804:
8771:
8746:
8714:
8688:
8670:
8645:
8643:, "Crystalis".
8633:
8603:
8591:
8576:
8551:
8525:
8513:
8498:
8470:
8440:
8419:
8407:
8383:
8381:, p. 228.
8371:
8332:
8315:Kalata, Kurt.
8307:
8292:
8262:
8227:
8203:
8176:
8154:
8122:
8100:Kalata, Kurt.
8092:
8066:
8030:
8000:
7997:on 2014-01-01.
7976:
7973:on 2014-01-01.
7952:
7949:on 2014-01-01.
7928:
7908:
7888:
7875:
7846:
7816:
7797:
7768:
7750:
7735:
7731:Sinclair User,
7722:
7718:Your Sinclair,
7706:
7674:
7642:
7613:
7598:
7585:
7565:
7540:
7508:
7478:
7441:
7422:
7405:Kalata, Kurt,
7398:
7385:Fahs, Travis,
7378:
7365:
7350:
7334:
7314:
7289:
7264:
7243:
7222:
7193:
7163:
7137:
7108:
7089:
7058:
7033:
7006:
6974:
6957:
6943:
6928:
6903:
6900:on 2011-07-23.
6888:Kalata, Kurt.
6880:
6856:
6843:, pages 38–49
6832:
6802:
6785:
6760:
6720:
6707:The Vindicator
6693:
6658:
6656:, p. 222.
6646:
6634:
6627:
6598:
6568:
6561:
6532:
6525:
6496:
6484:
6477:
6448:
6428:
6417:New York Times
6403:
6377:
6370:
6341:
6334:
6316:
6286:
6262:
6229:
6190:
6177:The Vindicator
6163:
6156:
6127:
6112:
6105:
6076:
6073:on 2015-10-19.
6054:
6051:on 2015-10-16.
6032:
6014:
5989:
5965:
5939:
5914:
5892:
5870:
5863:
5843:
5824:
5813:
5791:
5764:
5753:
5726:
5716:
5710:, p. 44,
5692:
5659:
5631:
5602:
5595:
5565:
5535:
5522:
5516:. p. 18.
5498:
5467:
5436:
5429:
5399:
5369:
5336:
5319:
5308:Space Invaders
5299:
5264:
5244:
5232:
5215:
5194:
5184:
5166:
5149:
5131:
5115:
5097:
5082:
5040:
5023:
5006:
4979:
4949:
4920:
4891:
4889:, p. 133.
4879:
4864:Steven L. Kent
4853:
4799:
4779:
4754:
4725:(3): 137–147.
4700:
4654:
4598:
4573:
4548:
4530:
4505:
4487:
4473:
4466:) – via
4449:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4407:
4400:
4397:
4357:Dark Souls III
4216:Nier: Automata
4172:, followed by
4169:Gravity Rush 2
4029:Bravely Second
3952:multi-platform
3908:PlayStation VR
3810:
3807:
3568:Dark Souls III
3490:in Japan, 2005
3434:
3431:
3409:Crimzon Clover
3373:Touhou Project
3244:arcade systems
3240:3D accelerator
3204:FM Towns Marty
2993:teen pregnancy
2936:Romancing Saga
2878:Secret of Mana
2835:Virtua Fighter
2792:series on the
2725:Romancing Saga
2667:Dragon Quest V
2631:Space Invaders
2565:Virtua Fighter
2546:fighting games
2291:
2288:
2224:alien invasion
2185:level building
1974:side-scrolling
1947:Arsys Software
1915:Arsys Software
1907:Schwarzenegger
1894:Ikari Warriors
1825:Akira Toriyama
1823:-style art by
1780:Dragon Warrior
1679:texture-mapped
1663:sprite-scaling
1642:, designed by
1620:Street Fighter
1610:Yie Ar Kung-Fu
1472:hack-and-slash
1429:elements with
1341:Japan's first
1248:product recall
1246:. Following a
1171:side-scrolling
1094:
1091:
1017:Space Invaders
995:Space Invaders
982:Space Invaders
974:arcade cabinet
959:Space Invaders
929:Space Invaders
921:Space Invaders
913:Space Invaders
813:Manbiki Shoujo
787:microprocessor
718:
715:
696:light-gun game
658:introduced an
651:
648:
632:
629:
573:Main article:
570:
567:
539:Kingdom Hearts
473:Main article:
470:
467:
440:Main article:
437:
434:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
405:Hack and slash
402:
400:Fighting games
397:
392:
379:Main article:
376:
373:
371:
370:Notable genres
368:
330:
327:
319:
316:
304:
301:
299:
296:
275:Monster Hunter
253:Kingdom Hearts
217:Street Fighter
9:
6:
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2:
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17653:South Ossetia
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17118:United States
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17096:Latin America
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16875:
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16865:
16864:
16862:
16858:
16852:
16851:Single-player
16849:
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16609:
16608:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16596:Tower defense
16594:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16580:
16577:
16576:
16575:
16572:
16570:
16567:
16565:
16562:
16560:
16557:
16556:
16554:
16552:
16548:
16538:
16537:Immersive sim
16535:
16533:
16530:
16529:
16527:
16523:
16517:
16514:
16512:
16509:
16507:
16504:
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16455:
16452:
16450:
16447:
16446:
16444:
16442:
16438:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16426:City-building
16424:
16422:
16419:
16418:
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16414:
16410:
16404:
16401:
16399:
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16354:
16350:
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16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16329:Dungeon crawl
16327:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16314:
16313:
16310:
16309:
16307:
16305:
16301:
16295:
16294:Tile-matching
16292:
16290:
16289:
16285:
16283:
16282:Hidden object
16280:
16279:
16277:
16275:
16271:
16265:
16262:
16258:
16255:
16254:
16253:
16252:Deck-building
16250:
16249:
16247:
16245:
16241:
16235:
16232:
16230:
16227:
16225:
16222:
16220:
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16215:
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16118:
16114:
16111:
16110:
16109:
16106:
16105:
16103:
16099:
16093:
16090:
16088:
16087:Battle royale
16085:
16084:
16082:
16080:
16076:
16070:
16067:
16065:
16062:
16058:
16055:
16053:
16050:
16048:
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16044:
16043:
16040:
16038:
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16033:
16030:
16028:
16025:
16023:
16020:
16019:
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16015:
16011:
16005:
16002:
16000:
15997:
15996:
15994:
15992:
15988:
15985:
15983:
15979:
15973:
15970:
15969:
15966:
15962:
15955:
15950:
15948:
15943:
15941:
15936:
15935:
15932:
15920:
15919:Ninth (2020–)
15917:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15900:
15897:
15895:
15892:
15890:
15887:
15885:
15882:
15880:
15877:
15876:
15874:
15870:
15864:
15861:
15857:
15854:
15852:
15851:Crash of 1983
15849:
15848:
15847:
15844:
15840:
15837:
15835:
15832:
15831:
15830:
15827:
15825:
15822:
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15811:
15804:
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15792:
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15781:
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15761:
15759:
15756:
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15733:
15731:
15727:
15721:
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15713:
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15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15688:
15686:
15683:
15681:
15678:
15676:
15673:
15672:
15670:
15668:
15664:
15658:
15655:
15653:
15650:
15648:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15633:
15630:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15609:
15607:
15605:
15601:
15595:
15592:
15590:
15587:
15585:
15582:
15580:
15577:
15575:
15572:
15570:
15567:
15565:
15562:
15560:
15557:
15555:
15552:
15550:
15547:
15546:
15544:
15542:
15538:
15532:
15529:
15527:
15524:
15522:
15519:
15517:
15514:
15512:
15509:
15507:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15489:
15487:
15484:
15483:
15481:
15479:
15475:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15459:
15456:
15454:
15451:
15449:
15446:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15436:
15434:
15431:
15429:
15426:
15424:
15421:
15420:
15418:
15416:
15412:
15406:
15403:
15402:
15400:
15398:Early history
15396:
15392:
15385:
15380:
15378:
15373:
15371:
15366:
15365:
15362:
15356:
15352:
15347:
15335:
15332:
15330:
15327:
15325:
15322:
15320:
15317:
15313:
15305:
15304:
15303:
15300:
15298:
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15283:
15280:
15279:
15276:
15272:
15265:
15260:
15258:
15253:
15251:
15246:
15245:
15242:
15230:
15222:
15220:
15210:
15209:
15206:
15196:
15193:
15191:
15188:
15186:
15183:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15171:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15161:
15158:
15156:
15155:
15151:
15149:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15139:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15097:LGBTQ culture
15095:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15083:
15080:
15077:
15075:
15072:
15070:
15067:
15065:
15062:
15060:
15057:
15055:
15052:
15050:
15047:
15045:
15042:
15040:
15037:
15035:
15032:
15029:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15017:
15015:
15012:
15010:
15007:
15005:
15002:
15000:
14997:
14995:
14991:
14988:
14986:
14983:
14982:
14980:
14978:
14974:
14968:
14965:
14963:
14960:
14958:
14955:
14953:
14950:
14948:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14938:
14935:
14933:
14930:
14928:
14925:
14923:
14920:
14916:
14913:
14912:
14911:
14908:
14904:
14901:
14900:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14879:
14876:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14859:
14856:
14855:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14843:
14833:
14830:
14828:
14825:
14823:
14820:
14818:
14815:
14813:
14810:
14808:
14807:Manufacturing
14805:
14803:
14800:
14798:
14795:
14793:
14790:
14789:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14777:
14763:
14760:
14756:
14753:
14752:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14735:Fiscal policy
14733:
14729:
14726:
14725:
14724:
14721:
14720:
14718:
14716:
14712:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14690:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14677:
14674:
14672:
14669:
14667:
14664:
14663:
14662:
14661:National Diet
14659:
14657:
14654:
14652:
14649:
14645:
14644:Supreme Court
14642:
14641:
14640:
14637:
14633:
14630:
14629:
14628:
14625:
14623:
14620:
14618:
14615:
14611:
14608:
14607:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14592:
14589:
14585:
14582:
14580:
14576:
14566:
14563:
14561:
14558:
14556:
14553:
14551:
14548:
14546:
14543:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14533:
14531:
14528:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14513:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14496:
14493:
14492:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14480:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14459:
14458:
14455:
14454:
14452:
14448:
14440:
14437:
14435:
14432:
14431:
14430:
14427:
14423:
14420:
14418:
14415:
14413:
14410:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14389:
14388:
14385:
14381:
14378:
14376:
14373:
14372:
14371:
14368:
14367:
14365:
14361:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14344:
14341:
14337:
14334:
14332:
14329:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14303:
14302:
14299:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14289:
14285:
14282:
14281:
14280:
14277:
14276:
14274:
14270:
14264:
14261:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14249:
14248:
14247:
14244:
14242:
14239:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14226:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14203:
14200:
14199:
14198:
14195:
14193:
14190:
14189:
14187:
14183:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
14165:
14162:
14161:
14160:
14157:
14153:
14152:Hakuhō period
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14139:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14114:
14112:
14108:
14100:
14099:Imperial Navy
14097:
14095:
14094:Imperial Army
14092:
14090:
14087:
14086:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14063:
14060:
14058:
14055:
14053:
14050:
14048:
14045:
14044:
14042:
14041:
14039:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14026:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14011:
14008:
14004:
14000:
13993:
13988:
13986:
13981:
13979:
13974:
13973:
13970:
13962:
13958:
13953:
13952:
13936:on 2009-08-02
13935:
13931:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13916:
13910:
13906:
13902:
13901:
13895:
13891:
13890:
13885:
13880:
13870:
13864:
13861:
13857:
13856:
13850:
13849:
13845:
13844:
13829:
13825:
13824:
13819:
13812:
13798:
13797:
13792:
13785:
13772:on 2019-10-20
13771:
13767:
13763:
13762:
13755:
13741:
13740:
13735:
13728:
13713:
13709:
13705:
13698:
13683:
13679:
13675:
13668:
13653:
13649:
13645:
13638:
13623:
13619:
13618:
13613:
13606:
13592:
13588:
13581:
13567:
13563:
13556:
13548:
13544:
13538:
13530:
13529:
13524:
13517:
13503:
13499:
13492:
13484:
13478:
13464:on 2018-02-26
13463:
13459:
13458:
13453:
13447:
13433:
13432:Nintendo Life
13429:
13422:
13407:
13403:
13402:
13397:
13390:
13375:
13371:
13370:
13365:
13358:
13344:on 2020-03-14
13343:
13339:
13338:
13333:
13326:
13311:
13307:
13306:
13301:
13294:
13279:
13275:
13271:
13264:
13249:
13245:
13244:
13239:
13232:
13218:on 2017-03-08
13217:
13213:
13209:
13208:
13203:
13196:
13181:
13177:
13176:
13171:
13164:
13149:
13145:
13144:
13139:
13132:
13117:
13113:
13112:
13107:
13100:
13085:
13081:
13080:
13075:
13068:
13066:
13050:
13046:
13045:
13040:
13033:
13018:
13014:
13010:
13009:
13004:
12997:
12982:
12979:
12975:
12974:
12969:
12962:
12947:
12943:
12942:
12937:
12930:
12928:
12912:
12908:
12904:
12903:
12898:
12891:
12876:
12872:
12871:
12866:
12859:
12845:
12841:
12834:
12819:
12815:
12808:
12793:
12789:
12788:
12783:
12776:
12762:on 2017-10-26
12761:
12757:
12753:
12747:
12732:
12726:
12724:
12722:
12720:
12718:
12702:
12696:
12694:
12679:on 2017-10-13
12678:
12674:
12670:
12664:
12662:
12646:
12640:
12638:
12636:
12634:
12618:
12614:
12613:
12608:
12602:
12587:
12583:
12576:
12570:
12566:
12562:
12559:
12553:
12538:
12534:
12530:
12523:
12508:
12504:
12500:
12493:
12479:
12475:
12474:
12466:
12452:
12451:
12446:
12439:
12425:
12421:
12418:Dent, Steve.
12414:
12399:
12395:
12389:
12374:
12367:
12353:on 2013-08-10
12349:
12342:
12336:
12321:
12314:
12299:
12292:
12277:
12270:
12262:
12261:
12256:
12250:
12242:
12241:
12236:
12229:
12214:
12207:
12192:
12188:
12183:
12175:
12161:
12160:
12155:
12148:
12139:
12138:
12133:
12126:
12118:
12114:
12110:
12103:
12089:
12088:
12083:
12080:Radd, David.
12076:
12074:
12059:
12055:
12048:
12033:
12029:
12023:
12009:on 2013-03-31
12008:
12004:
12000:
11993:
11978:
11971:
11956:
11949:
11941:
11940:
11935:
11929:
11914:
11913:
11908:
11902:
11888:
11887:
11882:
11876:
11868:
11864:
11857:
11855:
11853:
11845:
11841:
11838:
11833:
11819:
11815:
11809:
11795:
11791:
11784:
11776:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11756:
11749:
11735:
11731:
11724:
11709:
11702:
11687:
11683:
11677:
11663:
11662:
11657:
11650:
11636:
11635:
11630:
11623:
11609:
11608:
11603:
11596:
11582:
11581:
11576:
11569:
11555:
11554:
11549:
11542:
11528:on 2014-09-02
11527:
11523:
11522:
11517:
11510:
11496:. p. 357
11495:
11491:
11490:
11482:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11456:
11454:
11439:
11438:
11433:
11427:
11419:
11418:
11410:
11402:
11401:
11400:Game Informer
11393:
11379:
11378:
11373:
11366:
11352:on 2013-04-02
11351:
11347:
11346:
11341:
11335:
11321:on 2010-04-06
11320:
11316:
11309:
11295:on 2010-04-10
11294:
11290:
11283:
11269:on 2010-04-01
11268:
11264:
11257:
11242:
11238:
11232:
11225:
11222:May 8, 2014,
11219:
11204:
11200:
11194:
11180:
11176:
11169:
11155:on 2019-12-14
11154:
11150:
11146:
11142:
11138:
11131:
11113:
11107:
11093:
11089:
11082:
11068:. May 7, 2009
11067:
11063:
11057:
11042:
11040:
11035:
11034:"Market Data"
11029:
11027:
11025:
11010:
11006:
10999:
10997:
10995:
10979:
10973:
10966:
10962:
10959:
10953:
10947:, p. 88.
10946:
10945:Ashcraft 2008
10941:
10939:
10923:
10919:
10915:
10909:
10902:
10898:
10895:
10889:
10887:
10879:
10875:
10872:
10866:
10859:
10855:
10852:
10846:
10832:
10826:
10812:
10808:
10807:"VC ボコスカウォーズ"
10802:
10795:
10783:
10779:
10778:
10773:
10767:
10759:
10758:
10753:
10747:
10733:. UBM Techweb
10732:
10728:
10721:
10707:
10703:
10697:
10690:
10678:on 2012-03-22
10677:
10673:
10672:
10667:
10661:
10647:
10643:
10636:
10630:, p. 86.
10629:
10624:
10618:, p. 78.
10617:
10612:
10610:
10603:, p. 77.
10602:
10597:
10591:, p. 84.
10590:
10585:
10583:
10581:
10566:on 2012-07-21
10565:
10561:
10560:
10555:
10549:
10547:
10545:
10543:
10527:
10520:
10512:
10511:
10503:
10489:
10483:
10479:
10475:
10474:
10466:
10452:on 2005-05-07
10451:
10447:
10441:
10423:
10417:
10399:
10393:
10379:on 2010-10-08
10378:
10374:
10368:
10353:
10347:
10333:on 2008-06-08
10332:
10328:
10324:
10318:
10311:
10310:Game Informer
10307:
10306:Resident Evil
10301:
10287:on 2008-09-06
10286:
10282:
10281:
10276:
10269:
10255:on 2012-07-18
10254:
10250:
10249:
10244:
10237:
10223:on 2012-05-11
10222:
10218:
10212:
10198:on 2011-07-15
10197:
10193:
10186:
10171:
10167:
10163:
10155:
10147:
10145:4-7973-2010-9
10141:
10131:
10116:
10112:
10111:
10106:
10099:
10097:
10082:on 2016-10-05
10081:
10077:
10076:
10075:Rolling Stone
10071:
10064:
10062:
10047:
10043:
10036:
10022:on 2005-10-28
10021:
10017:
10016:
10011:
10004:
9990:on 2012-07-30
9989:
9985:
9978:
9976:
9974:
9965:
9959:
9951:
9947:
9941:
9933:
9926:
9918:
9914:
9908:
9900:
9894:
9887:
9885:
9880:
9873:
9865:
9864:
9859:
9853:
9839:
9835:
9828:
9821:
9816:
9802:on 2013-07-29
9801:
9797:
9790:
9776:on 2011-01-02
9775:
9771:
9764:
9762:
9753:
9747:
9745:
9730:on 2013-11-01
9729:
9725:
9718:
9704:
9703:
9698:
9691:
9689:
9674:on 2012-08-25
9673:
9669:
9665:
9664:
9659:
9652:
9645:
9641:
9637:
9634:
9629:
9615:on 2011-12-13
9614:
9610:
9606:
9602:
9596:
9588:
9582:
9568:on 2011-07-15
9567:
9563:
9556:
9554:
9539:on 2012-03-28
9538:
9534:
9527:
9513:on 2012-10-06
9512:
9508:
9502:
9488:on 2018-12-06
9487:
9483:
9476:
9468:
9456:
9442:on 2005-01-26
9441:
9437:
9436:
9428:
9413:
9406:
9392:on 2018-12-06
9391:
9387:
9380:
9366:
9362:
9355:
9340:
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9330:
9315:
9308:
9294:
9287:
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9254:
9250:
9247:
9241:
9234:
9230:
9226:
9223:
9217:
9210:
9206:
9203:
9200:Bozon, Mark,
9197:
9190:
9186:
9183:
9177:
9170:
9166:
9163:
9157:
9150:
9149:Ashcraft 2008
9145:
9138:
9137:Ashcraft 2008
9133:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9111:
9097:on 2018-10-09
9096:
9092:
9085:
9079:, p. 77.
9078:
9077:Ashcraft 2008
9073:
9071:
9069:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9041:
9027:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9005:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8986:
8984:1-932360-57-3
8980:
8976:
8972:
8971:
8963:
8949:on 2007-09-27
8948:
8944:
8940:
8933:
8919:on 2008-05-08
8918:
8914:
8910:
8903:
8889:on 2011-02-24
8885:
8878:
8872:
8858:
8857:Rolling Stone
8854:
8848:
8840:
8838:0-7615-3643-4
8834:
8830:
8826:
8820:
8814:, p. 82.
8813:
8808:
8794:on 2010-05-13
8793:
8789:
8785:
8778:
8776:
8760:
8756:
8750:
8736:on 2011-06-28
8735:
8731:
8730:
8725:
8718:
8704:on 2006-03-29
8703:
8699:
8692:
8684:
8680:
8674:
8660:on 2013-01-01
8659:
8655:
8649:
8642:
8637:
8622:
8619:. p. 8.
8618:
8614:
8607:
8601:, p. 14.
8600:
8595:
8587:
8580:
8566:on 2008-06-25
8565:
8561:
8555:
8540:
8536:
8529:
8522:
8517:
8510:
8505:
8503:
8487:
8486:
8481:
8474:
8460:on 2015-01-28
8459:
8455:
8451:
8444:
8437:
8432:
8431:
8423:
8410:
8408:0-7615-3299-4
8404:
8400:
8396:
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8387:
8380:
8375:
8367:
8361:
8347:
8343:
8336:
8322:
8318:
8311:
8303:
8296:
8282:on 2010-03-11
8281:
8277:
8273:
8266:
8252:on 2005-07-18
8251:
8247:
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8234:
8232:
8217:
8213:
8207:
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8191:
8186:
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8165:
8158:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8135:
8134:
8126:
8112:on 2011-05-04
8111:
8107:
8103:
8096:
8082:on 2012-09-19
8081:
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7912:
7905:
7901:
7898:
7897:Raiden Review
7892:
7885:
7882:Todd, Brett,
7879:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7851:
7836:on 2011-07-17
7835:
7831:
7827:
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7812:
7808:
7801:
7794:
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7773:
7766:
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7757:
7755:
7748:
7744:
7739:
7732:
7726:
7719:
7713:
7711:
7696:on 2012-10-19
7695:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7678:
7664:on 2012-09-06
7663:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7646:
7632:on 2009-06-10
7631:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7610:
7605:
7603:
7588:
7586:0-87586-462-7
7582:
7578:
7577:
7569:
7562:
7560:
7554:
7550:
7544:
7530:on 2012-10-19
7529:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7512:
7498:on 2004-06-16
7497:
7493:
7489:
7482:
7468:on 2013-01-02
7467:
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7408:
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7395:
7391:
7388:
7382:
7375:
7369:
7363:, p. 76.
7362:
7361:Ashcraft 2008
7357:
7355:
7347:
7341:
7339:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7318:
7304:on 2013-11-13
7303:
7299:
7293:
7279:on 2013-11-13
7278:
7274:
7268:
7253:
7247:
7232:
7226:
7212:on 2009-02-04
7211:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7183:on 2012-02-14
7182:
7178:
7174:
7167:
7153:on 2006-02-11
7152:
7148:
7141:
7127:on 2017-07-29
7126:
7122:
7118:
7112:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7093:
7079:on 2005-01-19
7078:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7062:
7048:on 2019-04-10
7047:
7043:
7037:
7023:
7022:
7017:
7010:
6996:on 2014-03-30
6995:
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6672:
6668:
6662:
6655:
6650:
6644:, p. 95.
6643:
6638:
6630:
6628:0-7615-3643-4
6624:
6620:
6615:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6588:on 2009-05-20
6587:
6583:
6579:
6572:
6564:
6562:0-7615-3643-4
6558:
6554:
6549:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6528:
6526:0-7615-3643-4
6522:
6518:
6513:
6512:
6506:
6500:
6494:, p. 57.
6493:
6488:
6480:
6478:0-7615-3643-4
6474:
6470:
6465:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6432:
6418:
6414:
6407:
6392:
6388:
6381:
6373:
6371:0-7615-3643-4
6367:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6351:
6345:
6337:
6331:
6327:
6320:
6306:on 2009-07-28
6305:
6301:
6300:Nintendo Land
6297:
6290:
6276:
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6266:
6252:
6248:
6244:
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6233:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
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6167:
6159:
6157:0-7615-3643-4
6153:
6149:
6144:
6143:
6137:
6131:
6123:
6116:
6108:
6106:0-7615-3643-4
6102:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6086:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6036:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6004:on 2008-02-11
6003:
5999:
5993:
5978:
5977:
5969:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5929:on 2010-10-09
5928:
5924:
5918:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5899:
5897:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5874:
5866:
5864:9780262261524
5860:
5857:. MIT Press.
5856:
5855:
5847:
5839:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5814:0-7615-3643-4
5810:
5806:
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5778:
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5756:
5754:9780761536437
5750:
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5731:
5723:
5719:
5717:0-292-79150-X
5713:
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5550:
5545:
5539:
5525:
5523:0-7440-0424-1
5519:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5502:
5488:on 2012-10-18
5487:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5456:
5452:
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5446:
5440:
5432:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5377:Kevin Bowen.
5373:
5359:on 2008-07-23
5358:
5354:
5350:
5343:
5341:
5332:
5331:
5323:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5303:
5289:on 2009-02-26
5288:
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5271:
5269:
5261:
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5241:
5236:
5230:
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5205:. Popularplay
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5047:
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5033:
5027:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5010:
4996:
4995:pinrepair.com
4992:
4986:
4984:
4969:on 2017-07-03
4968:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4947:
4946:0-313-33868-X
4943:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4927:
4925:
4918:
4917:0-7615-3643-4
4914:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4899:Steve L. Kent
4895:
4888:
4887:Ashcraft 2008
4883:
4877:
4876:0-9704755-0-0
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4849:
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4758:
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4709:
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4682:
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4674:
4670:
4663:
4661:
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4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4625:(2): 95–110.
4624:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4588:on 2020-09-24
4587:
4583:
4577:
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4408:
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4386:
4381:
4378:
4377:PlayStation 5
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4334:From Software
4327:
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4321:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4288:
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4231:
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4217:
4213:
4209:
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4204:
4199:
4198:
4197:Nier Automata
4193:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4154:PlayStation 2
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:PlayStation 4
4139:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4085:mobile gaming
4082:
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4076:
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4068:
4063:
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4055:
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4031:
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4024:
4019:
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4007:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3963:PlayStation 4
3960:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3863:PlayStation 4
3860:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3843:PlayStation 4
3841:(green), and
3840:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3784:console games
3781:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:United States
3762:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:Final Fantasy
3745:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3726:From Software
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3671:console games
3666:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3643:Keiji Inafune
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3562:Dark Souls II
3558:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3547:PlayStation 3
3544:
3543:
3542:Demon's Souls
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3500:
3499:PlayStation 3
3496:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3386:PlayStation 3
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3335:strategy game
3332:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3322:Bokosuka Wars
3318:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3259:optical discs
3256:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:cards. While
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:Resident Evil
3172:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:in 2002, and
3152:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:Thousand Arms
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3075:Demon's Souls
3071:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:Nasir Gebelli
2896:
2895:Final Fantasy
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:Virtua Racing
2825:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2767:TurboGrafx-CD
2764:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2743:, written by
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:Megami Tensei
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2696:
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2690:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
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2648:
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2610:
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2604:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2528:Super Metroid
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2512:
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16304:Role-playing
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16229:Visual novel
16191:Metroidvania
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14627:Human rights
14595:Constitution
14450:Contemporary
14272:Early Modern
14176:Heian period
14164:Monmu period
14159:Taika Reform
14137:Asuka period
14132:Kofun period
14127:Yayoi period
14122:Jōmon period
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6275:Nintendo.com
6274:
6265:
6254:. Retrieved
6242:
6232:
6221:. Retrieved
6209:
6203:
6193:
6182:. Retrieved
6175:
6166:
6141:
6130:
6121:
6115:
6090:
6079:
6071:the original
6066:
6057:
6049:the original
6044:
6035:
6026:
6017:
6006:. Retrieved
6002:the original
5992:
5981:. Retrieved
5975:
5968:
5931:. Retrieved
5927:the original
5917:
5873:
5853:
5846:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5818:
5800:
5794:
5786:
5780:
5767:
5758:
5739:
5721:
5702:
5695:
5684:. Retrieved
5679:
5675:
5651:. Retrieved
5643:
5634:
5623:. Retrieved
5616:The Observer
5615:
5605:
5578:
5568:
5560:
5554:. Retrieved
5547:
5538:
5527:. Retrieved
5508:
5501:
5490:. Retrieved
5486:the original
5479:
5470:
5459:. Retrieved
5448:
5439:
5412:
5402:
5391:. Retrieved
5372:
5361:. Retrieved
5357:the original
5352:
5328:
5322:
5302:
5291:. Retrieved
5287:the original
5280:
5259:
5235:
5223:
5218:
5207:. Retrieved
5197:
5175:
5169:
5156:
5154:
5140:
5134:
5122:
5120:
5106:
5100:
5091:
5085:
5068:
5064:Game Studies
5062:
5031:
5026:
5014:
5009:
4998:. Retrieved
4994:
4971:. Retrieved
4967:the original
4957:D.S. Cohen.
4952:
4932:
4902:
4894:
4882:
4867:
4829:
4825:
4771:. Retrieved
4767:
4757:
4722:
4718:
4676:
4672:
4622:
4618:
4590:. Retrieved
4586:the original
4576:
4565:. Retrieved
4561:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4522:. Retrieved
4518:
4508:
4499:
4490:
4476:
4453:
4422:
4421:
4382:
4374:
4355:
4349:
4341:
4323:
4314:sold over 10
4309:
4305:Tokyo Xanadu
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4240:Nintendo 3DS
4233:
4223:
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4201:
4195:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4157:
4150:
4146:Media Create
4135:
4114:
4097:Genyo Takeda
4089:Satoru Iwata
4078:
4064:
4059:I Am Setsuna
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3986:
3970:
3958:
3956:
3925:
3916:Satoru Iwata
3912:
3875:Nintendo 2DS
3871:Nintendo 3DS
3848:
3819:shoot 'em up
3809:2016–present
3788:
3780:mobile games
3777:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3719:
3716:Nihon Falcom
3713:
3706:
3700:
3675:mobile games
3667:
3664:
3648:
3619:game engines
3611:
3602:
3598:
3591:role-playing
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3540:
3537:FromSoftware
3534:
3527:
3516:
3508:
3481:
3460:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3400:casual games
3393:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3331:tactical RPG
3320:
3310:
3304:
3295:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3252:
3248:Sega Model 3
3246:such as the
3198:
3192:was held in
3187:
3180:
3174:
3161:
3156:Luminous Arc
3154:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3135:analog stick
3116:visual novel
3101:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3069:Shadow Tower
3067:
3064:King's Field
3063:
3059:King's Field
3057:
3054:King's Field
3053:
3045:King's Field
3043:
3040:FromSoftware
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3011:
3007:stealth game
2996:
2976:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2915:Ring Command
2903:Koichi Ishii
2894:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2867:
2866:like Sega's
2857:
2854:Sega Model 2
2847:
2840:racing games
2833:
2827:
2824:Sega Model 1
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:The 7th Saga
2803:
2797:
2787:
2770:
2760:
2756:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2703:
2700:achievements
2693:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2599:, "barrage")
2589:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2503:
2487:action games
2472:, where the
2470:Hiroyuki Ito
2454:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2328:
2322:
2315:
2277:
2274:feudal Japan
2262:PC Engine CD
2255:
2249:
2235:
2209:
2199:
2192:
2187:without the
2170:
2169:argues that
2160:
2154:
2140:
2138:
2126:third-person
2119:
2115:
2106:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2006:
1989:
1982:shoot 'em up
1978:third-person
1962:
1936:
1933:
1929:third-person
1918:
1898:
1892:
1881:
1871:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1846:Dragon Quest
1845:
1841:Dragon Quest
1840:
1812:Dragon Quest
1811:
1803:
1800:Dragon Quest
1799:
1791:
1788:Dragon Quest
1787:
1779:
1775:Dragon Quest
1773:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1734:Fantasy Zone
1732:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1682:polygonal 3D
1652:Super Scaler
1637:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1608:
1596:Karate Champ
1594:
1589:
1585:home console
1575:
1571:
1565:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1470:s real-time
1464:
1463:, combining
1456:
1451:released by
1442:
1412:
1410:
1394:Sharp X68000
1386:sound boards
1351:Sharp MZ-80K
1349:in 1977 and
1340:
1327:
1325:franchises.
1322:Dragon Quest
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1210:
1206:Alpha Denshi
1202:shooter game
1195:
1185:
1178:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1143:Gunpei Yokoi
1136:
1129:1980 to 1991
1126:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1016:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
980:
978:
968:
958:
932:
928:
920:
918:
911:
909:shooter game
895:terebi geemu
894:
890:
870:
860:
830:
825:(1980), and
820:
812:
808:
803:. The first
794:
783:Midway Games
778:
772:
766:
759:
740:
730:
706:
698:
678:
663:
653:
617:
610:
604:
598:
592:
585:voice acting
578:
575:Visual novel
560:
544:
537:
532:
525:
520:
514:
508:
501:
497:Dragon Quest
495:
478:
460:
454:
448:
445:
420:Rhythm games
384:
375:Action games
342:
291:Dragon Quest
289:
283:
273:
267:
261:
251:
245:
239:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
191:
185:
179:
169:
139:was a major
134:
131:video arcade
124:
58:
40:
28:
26:
17766:Video games
17727:Asia portal
17628:States with
17548:Philippines
17488:South Korea
17483:North Korea
17378:Afghanistan
17316:New Zealand
17280:Switzerland
17250:Netherlands
17174:Philippines
17164:South Korea
16908:Hypercasual
16829:Multiplayer
16745:Educational
16695:Programming
16690:Photography
16663:Incremental
16459:Kart racing
16403:Virtual pet
16234:Walking sim
16209:Escape room
16108:Beat 'em up
16047:Bullet hell
15856:Console war
15817:By platform
15768:Near future
15334:Video games
15190:Video games
14932:Pornography
14540:Prefectures
14520:Environment
14515:Earthquakes
14500:Archipelago
14407:Pacific War
14363:Late Modern
14171:Nara period
14117:Paleolithic
13905:Focal Press
13823:Screen Rant
13337:Dot Esports
12787:Destructoid
12673:USgamer.net
11979:. Mcvuk.com
11686:Destructoid
11634:Japan Times
11377:Polygon.com
10794:translation
10689:Translation
9946:Now Playing
9820:Barton 2008
9560:Yazarc420.
9463:|work=
9273:. Gamasutra
8641:Vestal 1998
8599:Harris 2009
8541:. p. 5
8521:Harris 2009
8509:Vestal 1998
8379:Barton 2008
8270:Bert, Max.
8140:Castlevania
7793:Translation
7609:Vestal 1998
7097:Herzog Zwei
6753:Retro Gamer
6710:. p. 2
6654:Kohler 2005
6642:Kohler 2005
6582:GameSpy.com
6492:Kohler 2005
6393:. p. 4
6180:. p. 2
5330:Retro Gamer
4673:Information
4328:sold over 1
4320:Square Enix
4308:. In 2018,
3990:fiscal year
3977:fiscal year
3972:Wii Party U
3769:South Korea
3623:Yoichi Wada
3583:(2015) and
3519:Nintendo DS
3457:arcade game
3232:Nintendo 64
3228:PlayStation
3224:Sega Saturn
3169:began with
3139:Sakura Wars
3103:Sakura Wars
3050:PlayStation
2998:Live A Live
2922:release of
2919:multiplayer
2859:Daytona USA
2852:(1993) and
2849:Ridge Racer
2832:(1992) and
2430:combat and
2377:Fire Emblem
2159:(1986) and
2156:Castlevania
2032:platforms.
2014:Hudson Soft
1913:. In 1986,
1667:frame rates
1613:from 1985.
1577:Herzog Zwei
1572:Herzog Zwei
1538:influenced
1449:arcade game
1361:(1981) and
1305:franchise,
1302:Castlevania
1295:franchise,
1252:motherboard
1227:Donkey Kong
1217:arcade game
1079:action game
1036:Donkey Kong
1030:Ms. Pac-Man
1005:(1980) and
987:blockbuster
970:Donkey Kong
939:H. G. Wells
811:(1979) and
737:Atari, Inc.
641:Arcade game
612:Steins;Gate
589:dating sims
436:Gacha games
415:Platformers
395:Beat 'em up
381:Action game
364:gacha games
335:Mobile game
181:Super Mario
161:3D graphics
92:Square Enix
60:Video games
17776:Categories
17608:Uzbekistan
17583:Tajikistan
17498:Kyrgyzstan
17478:Kazakhstan
17398:Bangladesh
17388:Azerbaijan
17134:Bangladesh
16949:Open world
16860:Production
16781:Nonviolent
16464:Sim racing
16431:Government
16366:Simulation
16057:Twin-stick
15991:Platformer
15834:Golden age
15329:Television
15319:Censorship
15302:Newspapers
15180:Television
15102:Literature
15064:Hikikomori
14985:Aesthetics
14863:Censorship
14745:Ministries
14715:Government
14429:Heisei era
14412:Occupation
14370:Taishō era
14331:Boshin War
14311:Government
14279:Edo period
14192:Genpei War
14142:Taihō Code
13940:2009-09-10
13874:2010-09-08
13834:2022-02-27
13802:2020-04-08
13776:2020-09-08
13745:2019-04-16
13718:2019-12-13
13688:2019-12-31
13658:2019-03-23
13628:2019-03-23
13596:2018-08-03
13571:2018-03-05
13507:2018-01-31
13468:2017-12-16
13437:2019-05-18
13412:2018-01-10
13380:2018-01-06
13348:2018-08-15
13316:2017-12-28
13284:2017-07-04
13254:2017-03-30
13222:2017-03-09
13186:2017-03-06
13154:2017-02-07
13122:2017-02-06
13090:2017-12-26
13055:2017-01-13
13023:2015-07-21
12987:2015-07-13
12952:2016-12-09
12917:2015-09-03
12907:Ziff Davis
12881:2016-12-09
12849:2018-11-21
12824:2017-01-31
12816:. Kotaku.
12798:2017-01-31
12766:2018-02-19
12737:2018-03-25
12707:2018-03-25
12683:2018-03-25
12651:2018-03-25
12623:2015-12-08
12592:2014-04-27
12543:2015-07-28
12513:2017-07-28
12484:2015-09-22
12456:2016-11-11
12429:2015-05-22
12404:2015-05-22
12379:2014-05-17
12357:2013-07-31
12326:2013-12-19
12304:2013-12-19
12300:. GameSpot
12282:2013-12-12
12219:2012-09-15
12197:2012-05-31
12165:2012-01-27
12093:2011-06-11
12063:2020-07-18
12058:AR Insider
12038:2020-07-18
12013:2015-06-28
11983:2015-04-16
11961:2015-04-16
11919:2016-08-02
11892:2017-10-12
11823:2015-06-28
11799:2012-03-13
11739:2013-07-28
11714:2013-07-28
11692:2013-07-28
11667:2018-09-18
11640:2014-06-19
11613:2014-06-19
11586:2014-06-19
11559:2014-06-19
11532:2014-06-19
11500:2018-12-15
11472:2012-01-21
11443:2011-10-09
11383:2017-12-01
11356:2011-12-31
11325:2010-03-26
11315:"Best PS3"
11299:2010-03-26
11273:2010-03-26
11247:2022-08-18
11209:2015-10-02
11184:2019-03-01
11159:2019-03-01
11121:2015-09-03
11097:2018-09-09
11072:2018-09-09
11047:2012-04-14
11014:2010-11-06
10984:2011-09-06
10928:2011-09-24
10836:2018-03-25
10816:2018-03-25
10787:2011-05-16
10737:2016-11-26
10711:2018-03-25
10682:2011-09-19
10651:2011-05-15
10570:2011-05-15
10532:2018-01-08
10493:2018-12-04
10456:2009-08-17
10431:2018-09-20
10407:2018-09-20
10383:2010-10-14
10358:2010-10-14
10337:2009-04-17
10291:2009-04-17
10259:2011-05-18
10227:2011-03-30
10202:2011-05-15
10176:2018-07-03
10166:4Gamer.net
10121:2018-07-03
10086:2018-07-03
10051:2018-04-07
10026:2010-04-02
9994:2009-09-11
9843:2008-12-13
9806:2011-05-15
9780:2011-05-15
9734:2011-05-15
9708:2011-05-15
9678:2007-07-26
9668:Ziff Davis
9633:Virtua Cop
9619:2014-01-19
9572:2011-05-15
9543:2011-05-15
9517:2011-05-15
9492:2011-05-15
9480:Sanachan.
9446:2011-05-16
9418:2011-05-15
9396:2011-05-15
9370:2011-05-15
9345:2011-05-15
9339:GamesRadar
9320:2011-05-15
9298:2008-01-29
9277:2011-02-22
9101:2019-12-04
9058:2014-12-16
9031:2018-01-08
8953:2007-05-27
8923:2007-07-15
8893:2011-09-29
8862:2017-06-26
8798:2008-12-31
8765:2009-03-30
8740:2006-09-10
8708:2006-03-06
8664:2007-10-23
8627:2014-03-14
8570:2010-09-13
8545:2011-07-14
8492:2010-09-05
8464:2012-02-19
8414:2011-05-16
8351:2010-09-05
8346:GamesRadar
8326:2011-09-07
8286:2009-08-28
8256:2010-09-13
8221:2017-01-09
8197:2012-04-17
8170:2011-01-25
8116:2011-05-15
8086:2011-05-15
8060:2011-05-15
8024:2011-03-06
7840:2011-07-05
7786:2011-03-05
7763:, p.
7745:, p.
7700:2010-10-06
7668:2011-09-12
7636:2009-09-01
7592:2011-05-06
7534:2011-05-18
7502:2005-05-29
7472:2011-05-15
7308:2018-01-08
7283:2018-01-08
7258:2018-01-08
7237:2018-03-25
7216:2008-10-11
7187:2009-04-14
7157:2006-12-17
7131:2014-12-14
7083:2018-03-25
7052:2018-03-25
7027:2014-08-12
7000:2014-08-12
6922:2023-06-24
6917:Giant Bomb
6867:, page 38
6826:2015-01-14
6779:2014-07-11
6744:2011-03-29
6714:2012-04-10
6688:2011-04-26
6592:2010-06-30
6422:2010-07-01
6397:2013-11-11
6335:0075518473
6310:2006-02-12
6280:2015-11-02
6256:2015-02-07
6223:2013-11-10
6184:2012-04-10
6008:2008-06-18
5983:2018-12-15
5933:2011-03-23
5686:2013-03-11
5653:2013-02-27
5625:2008-05-22
5556:2012-03-13
5529:2011-03-27
5514:BradyGames
5492:2011-03-26
5461:2012-02-01
5393:2010-01-27
5363:2008-07-11
5293:2008-07-11
5209:2009-08-20
5000:2011-05-03
4973:2011-05-03
4936:, p. 149,
4907:, p. 102,
4773:2023-11-18
4679:(7): 399.
4592:2020-04-27
4567:2023-10-28
4543:newzoo.com
4524:2023-05-29
4445:References
4434:Sega World
4415:Cool Japan
4385:Elden Ring
4257:Ever Oasis
4137:1-2-Switch
3999:Pokémon Go
3821:arcade in
3731:Dark Souls
3603:Bloodborne
3599:Dark Souls
3586:Elden Ring
3580:Bloodborne
3574:Dark Souls
3556:Dark Souls
3437:See also:
3422:, and the
3208:Amiga CD32
3188:The first
3182:Sweet Home
3112:dating sim
3081:Dark Souls
3078:, and the
2985:war crimes
2955:open world
2887:action RPG
2869:Virtua Cop
2812:and later
2786:began the
2646:Metal Slug
2617:Batsugun's
2568:(1993) by
2558:(1992) by
2479:turn-based
2432:open world
2358:job system
2294:See also:
2270:cut scenes
2237:Sweet Home
2228:Earthlings
2206:trade show
2200:The first
2130:open world
1959:Brøderbund
1873:Front Line
1766:Yuji Horii
1743:Defender's
1562:TechnoSoft
1423:action RPG
1390:16-bit era
1186:The first
1097:See also:
951:high score
897:in Japan.
768:Speed Race
731:The first
721:See also:
650:Background
635:See also:
556:open-world
494:published
450:iDOLM@STER
442:Gacha game
410:Maze games
269:Dark Souls
229:Metal Gear
17694:Hong Kong
17648:Palestine
17573:Sri Lanka
17568:Singapore
17448:Indonesia
17311:Australia
17245:Lithuania
17149:Indonesia
16735:Christian
16723:Advergame
16611:Artillery
16344:Roguelike
16322:Soulslike
16201:Adventure
16037:Light gun
15405:1947–1972
15297:Magazines
15154:Otokonoko
15122:Mythology
15034:Festivals
14957:Sexuality
14910:Languages
14883:Etiquette
14878:Education
14827:Transport
14639:Judiciary
14600:Elections
14510:Districts
14495:Addresses
14483:Geography
14457:Reiwa era
14387:Shōwa era
14301:Meiji era
14291:Bakumatsu
14214:Genkō War
14074:Education
14037:Overviews
13961:Gamasutra
13889:Gamasutra
13796:Eurogamer
13617:Eurogamer
13591:Eurogamer
13566:Gamasutra
13274:Gamasutra
13212:Vox Media
12978:Time Inc.
12941:Bloomberg
12260:The Verge
12159:Eurogamer
12003:TSSZ News
11957:. Wsj.com
11886:Steam Spy
11794:Gamasutra
11734:Eurogamer
11661:Eurogamer
11149:0040-781X
10731:Gamasutra
10646:Gamasutra
9702:Eurogamer
9465:ignored (
9455:cite book
9026:The Verge
9008:EuroGamer
8696:Bahamut.
8617:Gamasutra
8539:Gamasutra
8485:Gamasutra
7811:Gamasutra
7553:Future US
7432:"Hydlide"
7106:, GameSpy
6940:Gamasutra
6683:0279-0483
6459:(2001) .
6352:(2001) .
6251:0362-4331
6218:0194-357X
6138:(2001) .
6067:The Verge
5077:1604-7982
4963:About.com
4848:2076-0752
4832:(3): 42.
4741:1347-4456
4695:2078-2489
4649:255757627
4641:1867-3236
4423:Locations
4364:award at
4212:Persona 5
4203:Persona 5
4110:president
3910:in 2016.
3873:in 2011,
3773:RPG Maker
3708:Recettear
3635:Hollywood
3633:and from
3539:released
3535:In 2009,
3462:Drummania
3433:2005–2015
3278:Star Wars
3159:in 2007.
3147:in 1998,
3120:real-time
3100:. Sega's
2972:steampunk
2960:In 1994,
2842:like the
2784:Game Arts
2735:Data East
2710:alignment
2483:real-time
2453:In 1991,
2424:Crystalis
2413:Crystalis
2340:In 1990,
2105:original
2009:PC Engine
2001:PC Engine
1917:released
1857:such as
1831:score by
1829:classical
1810:tale for
1782:). After
1702:motorbike
1690:Yu Suzuki
1660:pseudo-3D
1644:Yu Suzuki
1632:In 1985,
1591:Data East
1347:Sord M200
1192:scrolling
1087:scrolling
1074:Ozma Wars
1008:Bosconian
867:light gun
822:Lupin III
779:Gun Fight
777:in 1975.
774:Gun Fight
699:Duck Hunt
665:Periscope
654:In 1966,
172:Akihabara
136:Periscope
49:Akihabara
37:Akihabara
17717:Category
17638:Abkhazia
17588:Thailand
17543:Pakistan
17523:Mongolia
17518:Maldives
17513:Malaysia
17413:Cambodia
17184:Thailand
17169:Malaysia
17106:Colombia
17089:Americas
16987:Minigame
16939:Masocore
16885:Fan game
16755:Licensed
16680:Non-game
16551:Strategy
16421:Business
16120:Fighting
16079:Survival
16064:Tactical
15839:Timeline
15292:Internet
15229:Category
15044:Folklore
14942:Religion
14915:Japanese
14888:Gambling
14698:Maritime
14579:Politics
14560:Villages
14241:Ōnin War
14084:Military
14069:Economic
14003:articles
13929:GameSpot
13828:Archived
13712:Archived
13708:GameSpot
13682:Archived
13678:GameSpot
13652:Archived
13648:TechSpot
13622:Archived
13452:"Awards"
13406:Archived
13374:Archived
13310:Archived
13278:Archived
13248:Archived
13180:Archived
13148:Archived
13116:Archived
13084:Archived
13049:Archived
13017:Archived
13008:GameSpot
12981:Archived
12946:Archived
12911:Archived
12875:Archived
12818:Archived
12792:Archived
12617:Archived
12586:Archived
12561:Archived
12537:Archived
12507:Archived
12478:archived
12424:Engadget
12278:. MCV UK
12240:Engadget
12215:. Kotaku
12191:Archived
12032:UploadVR
11939:PC Gamer
11867:Pc Gamer
11840:Archived
11521:NBC News
10961:Archived
10922:Archived
10897:Archived
10874:Archived
10854:Archived
10782:Nintendo
10757:GameSpot
10671:Oh! FM-7
10528:. THG.RU
10478:ABC-CLIO
10280:GameSpot
10170:Archived
10115:Archived
9863:PCGamesN
9636:Archived
9609:GameSpot
9581:cite web
9531:jaraph.
9316:. Kotaku
9271:Features
9249:Archived
9225:Archived
9205:Archived
9185:Archived
9165:Archived
8913:PC World
8827:(2001).
8788:Gamespot
8729:GameSpot
8621:Archived
8360:cite web
8245:GameSpot
7920:Archived
7900:Archived
7863:Archived
7626:GameSpot
7410:Archived
7390:Archived
7326:Archived
7206:GameSpot
7100:Archived
7021:GameSpot
6609:(2001).
6543:(2001).
6507:(2001).
6391:Compute!
6205:Compute!
6087:(2001).
5906:Archived
5881:Archived
5834:Joystick
5775:(1983),
5455:Archived
5387:Archived
5311:Archived
4938:ABC-CLIO
4901:(2001),
4866:(2000),
4749:67691444
4500:TheGamer
4429:Joypolis
4399:See also
4184:series,
4175:Yakuza 0
3981:Xbox 360
3967:Xbox One
3959:Play.com
3660:Xbox 360
3652:escapism
3577:series,
3545:for the
3480:playing
3382:Xbox 360
3343:(1990).
3327:Sharp X1
3106:for the
3034:Robotrek
3013:Robotrek
2968:medieval
2949:credits
2946:PCGamesN
2897:titles:
2769:port of
2749:immortal
2622:DonPachi
2608:Batsugun
2254:(1996).
2214:for the
2142:Wizardry
2134:mini-map
2110:for the
1990:WiBArm's
1949:for the
1899:Commando
1897:(1986).
1883:Commando
1770:Chunsoft
1686:Sega AM2
1665:at high
1634:Sega AM2
1414:Wizardry
1398:FM Towns
1383:FM synth
1292:Mega Man
1197:Jump Bug
1166:Scramble
1083:life bar
1064:Galaxian
1042:Galaxian
1001:(1979),
999:Galaxian
997:(1978),
979:Taito's
891:TV geemu
835:(1981).
815:(1980),
755:Nintendo
688:zoetrope
360:freemium
354:and the
344:Androids
318:Consoles
145:hanafuda
72:Nintendo
17740:Portals
17613:Vietnam
17528:Myanmar
17508:Lebanon
17438:Georgia
17393:Bahrain
17383:Armenia
17304:Oceania
17290:Ukraine
17235:Ireland
17225:Germany
17215:Finland
17205:Belgium
17075:Nigeria
16954:Sandbox
16796:Serious
16729:Bishōjo
16646:Fitness
16618:Wargame
16476:Vehicle
16449:Fishing
16388:Farming
16288:Sokoban
16152:Stealth
16138:Pac-Man
16014:Shooter
15185:Theatre
15160:Origami
15087:Irezumi
15082:Ikebana
15049:Gardens
15024:Cuisine
14977:Culture
14962:Smoking
14898:Housing
14846:Society
14780:Economy
14723:Cabinet
14605:Emperor
14545:Regions
14530:Islands
14417:Postwar
14345:(noble)
14110:Ancient
14057:Shoguns
14029:History
14019:Outline
13846:Sources
13369:Polygon
13207:Polygon
12569:Famitsu
12322:. VG247
11241:Gematsu
11203:Polygon
10892:Staff,
10559:1UP.com
10248:1UP.com
10046:ign.com
9932:GamePro
9663:1UP.com
9180:Staff,
8943:1UP.com
8454:Joystiq
8276:GameSpy
7990:AllGame
7966:AllGame
7942:AllGame
7689:1UP.com
7657:1UP.com
7523:1UP.com
7492:GameSpy
7461:1UP.com
7121:GameSpy
6099:, 285.
5760:(1983).
5587:106–107
5481:1UP.com
5421:106–107
5383:GameSpy
5282:1UP.com
5227:at the
5035:at the
5032:Missile
5018:at the
4562:Polygon
4468:Twitter
4269:Ys VIII
4238:on the
4228:on the
4159:Famitsu
4002:helped
3947:PowerPC
3869:of the
3857:of the
3837:(red),
3757:PC game
3364:Ikaruga
3355:Ikaruga
3236:true 3D
3216:Fujitsu
3201:Fujitsu
3030:Pokémon
3026:Pokémon
3022:Ancient
3018:Quintet
2981:suicide
2794:Sega CD
2753:amnesia
2695:Dokapon
2689:Digimon
2683:Pokémon
2635:Xevious
2627:Gradius
2603:Toaplan
2590:danmaku
2550:Pac-Man
2464:: the "
2319:avatars
2216:Genesis
2177:puzzles
2151:fantasy
2116:D&D
1986:automap
1867:Sheriff
1839:. With
1792:D&D
1761:aligned
1748:TwinBee
1729:Gradius
1724:Gradius
1715:Sega's
1639:Hang-On
1536:Hydlide
1531:Hydlide
1508:Hydlide
1496:Hydlide
1487:Hydlide
1433:-style
1282:Metroid
1190:to use
1180:Xevious
1145:, each
1135:called
1054:Mr. Do!
1003:Pac-Man
762:cloning
711:shooter
707:Missile
674:quarter
662:called
631:History
620:bishōjo
600:Clannad
521:Pokémon
509:Persona
348:iPhones
257:Persona
187:Pokémon
17658:Taiwan
17593:Turkey
17558:Russia
17493:Kuwait
17473:Jordan
17463:Israel
17423:Cyprus
17408:Brunei
17403:Bhutan
17285:Turkey
17275:Sweden
17265:Russia
17260:Poland
17255:Norway
17230:Greece
17220:France
17198:Europe
17189:Turkey
17179:Russia
17113:Canada
17101:Brazil
17058:Africa
16903:Casual
16896:Design
16878:Doujin
16791:Sci-fi
16767:Sexual
16740:Comedy
16716:Themes
16700:Typing
16673:Rhythm
16651:Horror
16489:Combat
16454:Racing
16441:Sports
16398:Social
16383:Dating
16334:MMORPG
16274:Puzzle
15982:Action
15170:Shinto
15092:Kawaii
15069:Hanami
15054:Geisha
15014:Cinema
15009:Bonsai
14927:People
14893:Health
14812:Energy
14693:Ground
14550:Rivers
14505:Cities
14343:Kazoku
14043:Lists
14001:
13911:
13865:
13528:Kotaku
13401:Kotaku
13079:Glixel
12137:Forbes
11771:
11710:. G4tv
11147:
11039:Capcom
10484:
10142:
8981:
8835:
8405:
8146:, and
8144:Trojan
7917:Raiden
7583:
6871:
6847:
6756:, 2009
6681:
6625:
6559:
6523:
6475:
6471:–307.
6368:
6332:
6249:
6216:
6154:
6103:
6045:Kotaku
5861:
5811:
5751:
5714:
5593:
5520:
5427:
5262:, 2013
5182:
5147:
5113:
5075:
4944:
4915:
4874:
4846:
4747:
4739:
4693:
4647:
4639:
4389:Twitch
4342:Sekiro
4330:
4316:
4302:, and
4222:, and
4181:Yakuza
4124:29,980
4099:, and
3939:x86-64
3937:on an
3887:docked
3825:(2017)
3791:Konami
3767:, and
3763:, the
3683:Capcom
3486:in an
3469:, 2005
3445:, and
3427:series
3425:eXceed
3370:. The
3230:, and
3171:Capcom
3108:Saturn
2905:, and
2862:, and
2856:title
2846:title
2826:games
2777:erotic
2765:. The
2730:quests
2640:Contra
2572:, and
2536:Capcom
2410:, and
2310:, and
2266:CD-ROM
2232:Capcom
2167:IGN UK
2162:Trojan
2132:and a
2124:was a
2075:Contra
2047:Raiden
2037:R-Type
1963:WiBArm
1955:MS-DOS
1938:WiBArm
1920:WiBArm
1878:Capcom
1848:series
1827:and a
1739:mascot
1671:sprite
1615:Capcom
1605:Konami
1567:Herzog
1560:game.
1484:, and
1465:Druaga
1457:Druaga
1435:action
1431:arcade
1406:sprite
1402:arcade
1379:Yamaha
1315:, and
1307:Square
1297:Konami
1287:Capcom
1256:Toyota
1239:Popeye
1175:levels
1161:Konami
1105:, and
692:screen
643:, and
247:Tekken
141:arcade
96:Capcom
88:Konami
17754:Japan
17699:Macau
17618:Yemen
17578:Syria
17553:Qatar
17533:Nepal
17468:Japan
17443:India
17433:Egypt
17418:China
17270:Spain
17240:Italy
17159:Japan
17144:India
17139:China
17070:Kenya
17065:Ghana
16980:Other
16933:Kaizo
16926:Gacha
16872:Indie
16834:Co-op
16773:Eroge
16761:Otome
16750:Girls
16685:Party
16668:Music
16525:Other
16499:Space
16186:clone
16147:Snake
16140:clone
16101:Other
16022:Arena
15730:2020s
15667:2010s
15604:2000s
15541:1990s
15478:1980s
15415:1970s
15324:Radio
15165:Sport
15148:Sentō
15144:Onsen
15127:Names
15117:Music
15112:Media
15078:Icons
15059:Games
14994:Manga
14990:Anime
14967:Women
14868:Crime
14802:Labor
14632:LGBTQ
14555:Towns
14535:Lakes
14089:Naval
14052:Clans
14014:Index
13999:Japan
13764:[
13739:Wired
12351:(PDF)
12344:(PDF)
11115:(PDF)
10425:(PDF)
10401:(PDF)
8887:(PDF)
8880:(PDF)
5805:Prima
5745:Prima
5071:(2).
4909:Prima
4768:80.lv
4745:S2CID
4645:S2CID
4464:Tweet
4346:Steam
4075:Wii U
3859:Wii U
3839:Wii U
3795:Taito
3761:China
3703:Steam
3679:Namco
3478:Girls
3465:) in
3404:dōjin
3003:ninja
2796:with
2789:Lunar
2780:adult
2330:Lufia
2088:Atlus
2030:PC-98
2026:PC-88
1967:mecha
1961:. In
1951:PC-88
1903:Rambo
1821:anime
1546:Zelda
1468:'
1453:Namco
1447:, an
1363:PC-98
1359:PC-88
1244:crash
1222:ports
1127:From
1093:1980s
1025:Japan
947:lives
925:Taito
875:Epoch
843:Epoch
817:Taito
751:Namco
747:Taito
703:score
624:otome
548:anime
515:Tales
223:Kirby
176:otaku
120:China
84:Taito
64:Japan
53:Tokyo
35:Sega
17538:Oman
17503:Laos
17458:Iraq
17453:Iran
17154:Iran
17127:Asia
16880:soft
16811:News
16641:Cozy
16569:MOBA
16375:Life
16132:Maze
16052:Rail
16032:Hero
15763:2025
15758:2024
15753:2023
15748:2022
15743:2021
15738:2020
15720:2019
15715:2018
15710:2017
15705:2016
15700:2015
15695:2014
15690:2013
15685:2012
15680:2011
15675:2010
15657:2009
15652:2008
15647:2007
15642:2006
15637:2005
15632:2004
15627:2003
15622:2002
15617:2001
15612:2000
15594:1999
15589:1998
15584:1997
15579:1996
15574:1995
15569:1994
15564:1993
15559:1992
15554:1991
15549:1990
15531:1989
15526:1988
15521:1987
15516:1986
15511:1985
15506:1984
15501:1983
15496:1982
15491:1981
15486:1980
15468:1979
15463:1978
15458:1977
15453:1976
15448:1975
15443:1974
15438:1973
15433:1972
15428:1971
15423:1970
15312:list
15287:Film
15039:Flag
15028:wine
14755:list
14728:list
14610:list
14062:Wars
14047:Eras
13909:ISBN
13863:ISBN
13143:Time
13111:Time
13044:CNBC
12973:Time
11769:ISBN
11417:Edge
11179:Time
11145:ISSN
11141:Time
10482:ISBN
10140:ISBN
9644:IGN,
9587:link
9467:help
8979:ISBN
8833:ISBN
8403:ISBN
8366:link
7581:ISBN
6989:TIME
6869:ISBN
6845:ISBN
6679:ISSN
6623:ISBN
6557:ISBN
6521:ISBN
6473:ISBN
6366:ISBN
6330:ISBN
6247:ISSN
6214:ISSN
6152:ISBN
6101:ISBN
5859:ISBN
5809:ISBN
5749:ISBN
5712:ISBN
5591:ISBN
5518:ISBN
5425:ISBN
5180:ISBN
5145:ISBN
5111:ISBN
5073:ISSN
4942:ISBN
4913:ISBN
4872:ISBN
4844:ISSN
4826:Arts
4737:ISSN
4691:ISSN
4637:ISSN
4354:and
4220:Nioh
4187:Nioh
4117:MSRP
4106:DeNA
4069:, a
4056:and
3965:and
3935:CPUs
3931:GPUs
3894:and
3849:The
3803:Sega
3801:and
3687:Sega
3673:and
3658:and
3656:Xbox
3601:and
3521:and
3505:2006
3388:and
3362:and
3307:Koei
3257:and
3210:and
3199:The
3194:1996
3162:The
3114:and
3020:and
2883:Mana
2759:and
2692:and
2655:and
2643:and
2613:Cave
2570:SEGA
2525:and
2496:The
2481:and
2382:Koei
2327:and
2220:epic
2101:Sega
2042:Irem
2028:and
1999:The
1784:Enix
1675:tile
1525:The
1516:and
1506:and
1494:and
1437:and
1411:The
1396:and
1317:Enix
1279:and
1236:and
1115:The
955:save
937:(by
871:Pong
853:The
827:Sega
791:Sega
771:and
749:and
742:Pong
725:and
709:, a
681:rear
668:- a
656:Sega
622:and
550:and
492:Enix
346:and
337:and
311:and
288:and
129:and
118:and
76:Sega
45:Sega
41:GiGO
17670:and
16920:FMV
16867:AAA
16844:PVP
16839:MMO
16801:Art
16413:CMS
16393:God
15195:Zen
15004:Art
14832:Yen
14703:Air
14651:Law
13305:IGN
12902:IGN
12450:IGN
12398:IGN
11759:doi
11092:IGN
11009:BBC
10110:IGN
9838:IGN
9365:IGN
9233:IGN
8683:IGN
7871:IGN
7177:IGN
7072:1UP
6820:1UP
6619:358
6553:357
6517:353
6469:306
6362:280
6148:347
6097:279
5889:1UP
5353:IGN
5240:005
4834:doi
4727:doi
4681:doi
4627:doi
4519:CNN
4336:'s
4322:'s
4119:of
3928:AMD
3728:'s
3718:'s
3523:Wii
3501:at
3390:Wii
3309:'s
3291:CGI
3261:in
3212:3DO
3173:'s
3016:by
2737:'s
2652:Rez
2633:or
2605:'s
2560:SNK
2538:'s
2434:of
2384:'s
2234:'s
2103:'s
2086:by
2018:NEC
1891:'s
1889:SNK
1880:'s
1688:'s
1636:'s
1617:'s
1607:'s
1593:'s
1564:'s
1427:RPG
1381:'s
1357:'s
1355:NEC
1319:'s
1309:'s
1299:'s
1289:'s
1163:'s
1151:LCD
1069:SNK
1023:in
893:or
877:'s
832:005
829:'s
819:'s
739:'s
356:Wii
104:SNK
100:NEC
17778::
16559:4X
13959:.
13926:.
13907:.
13903:.
13886:.
13858:.
13826:.
13820:.
13793:.
13736:.
13710:.
13706:.
13680:.
13676:.
13650:.
13646:.
13620:.
13614:.
13589:.
13564:.
13545:.
13525:.
13500:.
13454:.
13430:.
13404:.
13398:.
13372:.
13366:.
13334:.
13308:.
13302:.
13276:.
13272:.
13246:.
13240:.
13210:.
13204:.
13178:.
13172:.
13146:.
13140:.
13114:.
13108:.
13082:.
13076:.
13064:^
13047:.
13041:.
13015:.
13011:.
13005:.
12976:.
12970:.
12944:.
12938:.
12926:^
12909:.
12905:.
12899:.
12873:.
12867:.
12842:.
12790:.
12784:.
12754:.
12716:^
12692:^
12671:.
12660:^
12632:^
12609:.
12567:,
12535:.
12531:.
12505:.
12501:.
12447:.
12422:.
12396:.
12257:.
12237:.
12189:.
12185:.
12156:.
12134:.
12111:.
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