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where he remained four years. In 1804 he was recalled to
Fribourg, and took up work in the primary schools. As director of the schools in Fribourg (1807–1823), Girard made education compulsory, organized the school administration, insisted on the adoption of good textbooks and methods, and introduced
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Returning to
Fribourg in 1789, he spent ten years in missionary work and in teaching philosophy to the young men of his order. Upon the invitation of Stapfer, minister of arts and sciences, in 1798 he published an essay outlining a scheme of national Swiss education. His orthodoxy came under some
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brought him into conflict with the
Jesuits, but his aim was, in all his teaching, to introduce the moral idea into the minds of his pupils by familiarizing them with the right or wrong working of the facts he brought to their attention, and thus to elevate character all through the educational
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He was the fifth child in a family of fourteen, and his gift for teaching was early shown at home in helping his mother with the younger children. At sixteen he entered the novitiate of the
Franciscans at
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Girard's successful reforms at
Fribourg were the occasion for bitter opposition. Girard's application of the monitorial system was opposed by the bishop and the civil authorities of Fribourg in 1823.
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at
Lucerne as professor of philosophy. In 1834 he returned to Fribourg, where he remained till his death, engaged in educational pursuits and in the publication of some of his works.
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and professed admiration for his ability as an educator, while differing from him on several important points, especially on the value of the monitorial system.
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Girard relied heavily on concrete examples in his pedagogical writing, avoiding abstractions but gradually introducing complications.
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praised Girard for his method of teaching by actively interesting his students in their lessons.
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hostility resulted in him being driven away from his position, and he then went to work in the
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for his philosophical and theological studies, and was there ordained to the priesthood.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Besides many reports and memoirs, his principal writings are:
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Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
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Relief which shows Girard surrounded by children (detail)
253:(1834, 9th ed. 1894; Eng. trans. by Lord Ebrington,
250:De l'enseignement régulier de la langue maternelle
262:Des moyens de stimuler l'activité dans les écoles
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46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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242:Cours de philosophie fait au Lycée de Lucerne
346:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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122:Statue of Jean-Baptiste Girard (detail) at
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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106:– 6 March 1850 in Fribourg) was a Swiss
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147:ideas, which was evident in his essay.
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163:to make a report to the Government on
16:Swiss Franciscan educator (1765–1850)
315:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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278:Cours Ă©ducatif de langue maternelle
223:Girard's undogmatic method and his
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309:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
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388:Knights of the Legion of Honour
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211:François Marc Louis Naville
198:Girard was a Knight of the
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305:C. A. Dubray (1913). "
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338:Girard, Jean Baptiste
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