36:
417:, has summarised the Beetz-Laskin debates: "The result was that constitutional lawyers, academics, and students were regularly treated to two scholarly, beautifully reasoned, and eloquent — but in the end — opposing judgments. Put simply, Professors Laskin and Beetz, as Chief Justice and Justice, elevated the level of discourse in Canadian constitutional law."
436:
validity of the federal Act. However, they agreed with his interpretation of the emergency branch. As a result, Beetz's outline of the emergency branch is now the standard analysis. James MacPherson has stated that Beetz's opinion is "... the single best written judgment in a distribution of powers case in the history of
Canadian constitutional law."
409:. Because his time on the Supreme Court coincided with major federal-provincial disputes on federalism issues, he took part in several major federalism decisions. More than anyone else on the Court at the time, he supported the provinces in the division of powers, taking the traditional Quebec interpretation for a decentralised federation. Since
607:
520:
Beetz retired in 1988 due to ill health. In 1989 he was made a
Companion of the Order of Canada, for his contribution to Canadian federalism, administrative, public, and civil law. In addition to his reputation as a judge, Beetz was also respected for his personal characteristics of warmth, humour
435:
power. Beetz wrote a lengthy decision outlining the doctrinal basis for the emergency branch, and concluded that the Act did not meet the necessary strict test for federal legislation under this power. The other justices of the Court disagreed with his conclusion, and upheld the constitutional
331:
at the
Université de Montréal. He taught there for twenty years, including serving as Dean of the Faculty of Law from 1968 to 1970. He had a reputation as a reflective and meticulous scholar and a wise and caring teacher. One of his colleagues on the Faculty of Law was
481:, was in the majority on both issues: he agreed that Parliament had the legal authority to act unilaterally, but also agreed that a constitutional convention required a substantive degree of provincial agreement for major constitutional amendments.
431:. The case concerned a federal statute which implemented wage and price controls during a time of high inflation. The issue was whether the federal Parliament had the authority to pass the Act, under the emergency branch of the federal
466:. By a 7-2 division, a majority of the Court held that Parliament had the legal authority to act unilaterally. However, by a division of 6-3, the Court also held that unilateral federal action would violate a
1544:
499:
1529:
467:
327:
in Quebec before leaving for
England on his Rhodes Scholarship. On his return to Canada in 1953, he became an assistant professor teaching
432:
1539:
1514:
355:. He then served as Prime Minister Trudeau's Special Counsel on Constitutional Affairs. In that position, he was deeply involved in the
1524:
185:
296:
697:
567:
He is appointed to the Order of Canada in 1989 for his contribution to
Canadian federalism, administrative, public, and civil law.
1168:
364:
728:
352:
347:
In addition to his academic work, Beetz also served in Ottawa from 1966 to 1971. He was the
Assistant Secretary to the
1519:
491:
428:
413:
was a strong centralist, they usually took opposing views on federalism issues. James MacPherson, former Dean of
1534:
875:
829:
337:
1161:
406:
328:
292:
1463:
1417:
1376:
1330:
721:
693:
1397:
1351:
1305:
1254:
1208:
1120:
1074:
1028:
982:
341:
304:
189:
646:
414:
385:
234:
51:
1154:
471:
459:
381:
106:
1008:
957:
911:
860:
814:
773:
714:
554:
1509:
1504:
507:
447:
8:
603:
1458:
1412:
1371:
1325:
1279:
1483:
525:
stated: "Jean, mon ami, pour le dire le plus simplement possible, Ă©tait un homme bon" (
402:
300:
629:
348:
324:
1473:
1427:
1259:
1213:
1125:
1079:
1033:
661:
619:
356:
308:
288:
98:
1049:
998:
947:
896:
845:
794:
753:
273:
214:
26:
1366:
1320:
1274:
1228:
1193:
1100:
1054:
1003:
952:
906:
901:
855:
850:
809:
804:
799:
768:
763:
758:
451:
333:
312:
281:
230:
129:
74:
47:
1146:
1498:
1453:
1448:
1407:
1402:
1361:
1356:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1269:
1264:
1249:
1223:
1218:
1203:
1178:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1105:
1084:
1069:
1059:
1023:
1013:
972:
962:
926:
916:
880:
865:
819:
778:
706:
633:
522:
478:
624:
1468:
1422:
1381:
474:, requiring substantial provincial agreement on constitutional amendments.
977:
931:
738:
678:
special adviser to the Prime
Minister of Canada on constitutional issues,
410:
277:
257:
86:
654:
427:
One of Beetz's most significant decisions was his dissenting opinion in
1478:
1432:
360:
180:
384:. He served on that court for less than a year, being elevated to the
265:
219:
521:
and modesty. At a memorial service for Beetz, his former colleague,
463:
455:
246:
157:
269:
261:
527:
Jean, my friend, to say it as simply as possible, was a good man
648:
Re: Resolution to amend the
Constitution (Patriation Reference)
250:
226:
222:
161:
359:
constitutional reform process, which was a fore-runner to the
35:
549:
547:
545:
218:, c.r. (March 27, 1927 – September 30, 1991) was a
542:
253:, Beetz was the son of Jean Beetz and Jeanne Cousineau.
477:
Beetz, along with the other two judges from Quebec and
380:
In 1973, Prime
Minister Trudeau appointed Beetz to the
256:
He was the grandson of Adéla
Tanguay (1884-1954) and
454:
attempt to have the federal government unilaterally
700:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 24 May 2010
420:
1496:
1176:
736:
500:Société des Acadiens v. Association of Parents
1162:
722:
1545:Université de Montréal Faculty of Law alumni
484:
64:January 1, 1974 – November 10, 1988
1169:
1155:
729:
715:
602:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
582:(McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2000), p. 83
580:William R. McIntyre: Paladin of Common Law
34:
623:
396:
694:Office of the Governor General of Canada
240:
1530:Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
608:"In Memoriam The Honourable Jean Beetz"
585:
557:. Supreme Court of Canada. 9 June 2009
439:
365:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1497:
1150:
710:
186:Université de Montréal Faculty of Law
446:Beetz also participated in the 1981
401:Beetz's areas of expertise were the
353:Assistant Clerk of the Privy Council
13:
1515:Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
668:. Order of Canada. 18 October 1989
532:Beetz died on September 30, 1991.
370:
14:
1556:
1525:Companions of the Order of Canada
687:
433:peace, order and good government
363:in 1982 and the adoption of the
210:Jean-Marie Philémon Joseph Beetz
492:Reference re Anti-Inflation Act
452:Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's
429:Reference re Anti-Inflation Act
422:Reference re Anti-Inflation Act
375:
318:
666:The Governor General of Canada
640:
572:
361:patriation of the Constitution
1:
1540:Université de Montréal alumni
535:
515:
391:
7:
662:"The Honourable Jean Beetz"
555:"The Honourable Jean Beetz"
462:without the consent of the
407:Canadian constitutional law
338:federal Minister of Justice
329:Canadian constitutional law
10:
1561:
299:in 1950. He was awarded a
225:, academic and judge from
1441:
1390:
1339:
1288:
1237:
1186:
1093:
1042:
991:
940:
889:
838:
787:
746:
485:Partial list of judgments
468:constitutional convention
203:
195:
179:
167:
144:
139:
135:
123:
112:
104:
92:
80:
68:
57:
46:
42:
33:
21:
1520:Canadian Rhodes Scholars
839:July 1977 – October 1977
698:Order of Canada citation
612:Osgoode Hall Law Journal
342:Prime Minister of Canada
305:Pembroke College, Oxford
291:degree in 1947 from the
190:Pembroke College, Oxford
625:10.60082/2817-5069.1733
470:that had emerged since
415:Osgoode Hall Law School
386:Supreme Court of Canada
235:Supreme Court of Canada
52:Supreme Court of Canada
460:Constitution of Canada
397:Approach to federalism
382:Quebec Court of Appeal
293:Université de Montréal
107:Quebec Court of Appeal
1535:Lawyers from Montreal
941:Jan. 1979 – Sep. 1979
241:Family and early life
604:MacPherson, James C.
508:Beauregard v. Canada
448:Patriation Reference
441:Patriation Reference
411:Chief Justice Laskin
388:on January 1, 1974.
307:, where he received
1340:May 1988–Nov. 1988:
890:October 1977 – 1978
523:Chief Justice Lamer
450:, which considered
403:civil law of Quebec
237:from 1974 to 1988.
315:degrees in 1953.
301:Rhodes Scholarship
297:Licentiate of Laws
229:. He served as a
171:September 30, 1991
1492:
1491:
1464:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1418:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1377:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1331:C. L'Heureux-Dubé
1144:
1143:
503:(1986) (majority)
325:called to the bar
207:
206:
1552:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1148:
1147:
992:Sep. 1979 – 1980
876:L.P. de Grandpré
830:L.P. de Grandpré
788:1974 – July 1977
731:
724:
717:
708:
707:
681:
680:
675:
673:
658:
652:
651:, 1 S.C.R. 753.
644:
638:
637:
627:
600:
583:
578:W.H. McConnell,
576:
570:
569:
564:
562:
551:
511:(1986) (dissent)
495:(1976) (dissent)
357:Victoria Charter
309:Bachelor of Arts
289:Bachelor of Arts
217:
174:
154:
152:
140:Personal details
126:
117:
99:Charles Gonthier
95:
83:
71:
62:
38:
19:
18:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1437:
1391:Nov. 1988–1989:
1386:
1335:
1284:
1233:
1182:
1181:court (1984–90)
1175:
1145:
1140:
1089:
1038:
987:
936:
885:
834:
783:
742:
741:court (1973–84)
735:
704:
690:
685:
684:
671:
669:
660:
659:
655:
645:
641:
606:(Winter 1991).
601:
586:
577:
573:
560:
558:
553:
552:
543:
538:
518:
487:
479:Justice Dickson
444:
425:
399:
394:
378:
373:
371:Judicial career
321:
287:Beetz earned a
260:(1874–1949), a
243:
213:
172:
156:
150:
148:
124:
118:
113:
105:Justice of the
93:
81:
69:
63:
58:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1558:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1289:1987–May 1988:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
942:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
840:
836:
835:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
791:
789:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
748:
744:
743:
734:
733:
726:
719:
711:
702:
701:
689:
688:External links
686:
683:
682:
653:
639:
618:(4): 677–679.
584:
571:
540:
539:
537:
534:
517:
514:
513:
512:
504:
496:
486:
483:
443:
438:
424:
419:
398:
395:
393:
390:
377:
374:
372:
369:
334:Pierre Trudeau
320:
317:
313:Master of Arts
242:
239:
231:puisne justice
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
183:
177:
176:
175:(aged 64)
169:
165:
164:
155:March 27, 1927
146:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
130:Pierre Trudeau
127:
121:
120:
110:
109:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
75:Pierre Trudeau
72:
66:
65:
55:
54:
48:Puisne Justice
44:
43:
40:
39:
31:
30:
25:
22:
16:Canadian judge
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1557:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:W.R. McIntyre
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:W.R. McIntyre
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:W.R. McIntyre
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:W.R. McIntyre
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:W.R. McIntyre
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:W.R. McIntyre
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:W.R. McIntyre
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:W.R. McIntyre
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
983:W.R. McIntyre
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
837:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
786:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
747:December 1973
745:
740:
732:
727:
725:
720:
718:
713:
712:
709:
705:
699:
695:
692:
691:
679:
667:
663:
657:
650:
649:
643:
635:
631:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
581:
575:
568:
556:
550:
548:
546:
541:
533:
530:
528:
524:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
493:
489:
488:
482:
480:
475:
473:
472:Confederation
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
442:
437:
434:
430:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
389:
387:
383:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
303:and attended
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
216:
211:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
182:
178:
170:
166:
163:
159:
147:
143:
138:
134:
131:
128:
122:
116:
111:
108:
103:
100:
97:
91:
88:
85:
79:
76:
73:
67:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
28:
20:
1484:B. McLachlin
1459:G. La Forest
1413:G. La Forest
1372:G. La Forest
1346:
1326:G. La Forest
1295:
1280:G. La Forest
1260:J. Chouinard
1244:
1214:J. Chouinard
1198:
1126:J. Chouinard
1110:
1080:J. Chouinard
1064:
1034:J. Chouinard
1018:
967:
921:
870:
824:
703:
677:
670:. Retrieved
665:
656:
647:
642:
615:
611:
579:
574:
566:
559:. Retrieved
531:
526:
519:
506:
498:
490:
476:
445:
440:
426:
421:
400:
379:
376:Appointments
346:
336:, later the
322:
319:Legal career
286:
264:aristocrat,
255:
244:
209:
208:
173:(1991-09-30)
125:Nominated by
114:
94:Succeeded by
70:Nominated by
59:
1510:1991 deaths
1505:1927 births
1474:C. Gonthier
1428:C. Gonthier
1050:R. Martland
999:R. Martland
948:R. Martland
907:W.F. Spence
897:R. Martland
856:W.F. Spence
846:R. Martland
810:W.F. Spence
795:R. Martland
769:W.F. Spence
754:R. Martland
282:businessmen
278:illustrator
258:Johan Beetz
87:Bora Laskin
82:Preceded by
1499:Categories
1469:J. Sopinka
1423:J. Sopinka
1382:J. Sopinka
1367:G. Le Dain
1321:G. Le Dain
1301:W.Z. Estey
1275:G. Le Dain
1250:W.Z. Estey
1229:G. Le Dain
1204:W.Z. Estey
1194:R. Ritchie
1116:W.Z. Estey
1106:B. Dickson
1101:R. Ritchie
1070:W.Z. Estey
1060:B. Dickson
1055:R. Ritchie
1024:W.Z. Estey
1014:B. Dickson
1004:R. Ritchie
973:W.Z. Estey
963:B. Dickson
953:R. Ritchie
927:W.Z. Estey
917:B. Dickson
902:R. Ritchie
881:W.Z. Estey
866:B. Dickson
851:R. Ritchie
820:B. Dickson
805:R. Ritchie
779:B. Dickson
764:R. Ritchie
536:References
516:Later life
323:Beetz was
274:naturalist
196:Profession
181:Alma mater
151:1927-03-27
23:Jean Beetz
1454:B. Wilson
1408:B. Wilson
1362:B. Wilson
1316:B. Wilson
1270:B. Wilson
1224:B. Wilson
1136:B. Wilson
1009:L. Pigeon
978:Y. Pratte
958:L. Pigeon
932:Y. Pratte
912:L. Pigeon
861:L. Pigeon
815:L. Pigeon
800:W. Judson
774:L. Pigeon
759:W. Judson
634:0030-6185
464:provinces
392:Judgments
340:and then
266:physician
119:1973–1974
115:In office
60:In office
1449:A. Lamer
1442:1989–90:
1403:A. Lamer
1357:A. Lamer
1347:J. Beetz
1311:A. Lamer
1296:J. Beetz
1265:A. Lamer
1245:J. Beetz
1238:1985–87:
1219:A. Lamer
1199:J. Beetz
1187:1984–85:
1131:A. Lamer
1111:J. Beetz
1085:A. Lamer
1065:J. Beetz
1019:J. Beetz
968:J. Beetz
922:J. Beetz
871:J. Beetz
825:J. Beetz
456:patriate
247:Montreal
245:Born in
220:Canadian
158:Montreal
1479:P. Cory
1433:P. Cory
1179:Dickson
1094:1982–84
1043:1980–82
561:30 June
349:Cabinet
270:surgeon
262:Belgium
233:of the
50:of the
739:Laskin
672:1 July
632:
405:, and
295:and a
251:Quebec
227:Quebec
223:lawyer
199:Lawyer
162:Quebec
280:and
1177:The
737:The
674:2024
630:ISSN
563:2024
458:the
351:and
311:and
168:Died
145:Born
620:doi
529:).
1501::
696:.
676:.
664:.
628:.
616:29
614:.
610:.
587:^
565:.
544:^
367:.
344:.
284:.
276:,
272:,
268:,
249:,
215:CC
212:,
188:;
160:,
27:CC
1170:e
1163:t
1156:v
730:e
723:t
716:v
636:.
622::
153:)
149:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
