5684:
13163:
3247:, the total number of Jesuit Missions were reduced to 40 by 1744. The Jesuit missions offered the Indigenous people Christianity, iron tools, and a small degree of protection from the slavers and the colonists. In exchange, the Indigenous had to submit to Jesuit discipline and adopt, at least superficially, a lifestyle foreign to their experience. The population of the missions was only sustained by frequent expeditions into the jungle by Jesuits, soldiers, and Christian Indians to capture Indigenous people and force them to return or to settle in the missions. At the time when the Jesuits were expelled from Spanish America in 1767, the Jesuits registered 36 missions run by 25 Jesuits in the Audiencia of Quito – 6 in the Napo and Aguarico Missions and 19 in the Pastaza and Iquitos Missions, with a population at 20,000 inhabitants.
1161:
chastity, poverty and obedience, keep what follows in mind. He is a member of a
Society founded chiefly for this purpose: to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine, by means of public preaching, lectures and any other ministration whatsoever of the Word of God, and further by means of retreats, the education of children and unlettered persons in Christianity, and the spiritual consolation of Christ's faithful through hearing confessions and administering the other sacraments. Moreover, he should show himself ready to reconcile the estranged, compassionately assist and serve those who are in prisons or hospitals, and indeed, to perform any other works of charity, according to what will seem expedient for the glory of God and the common good.
3218:
1705:
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5794:
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5858:
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847:" ("as if he was a lifeless body") and to accept orders to go anywhere in the world, even if required to live in extreme conditions. This was so because Ignatius, its leading founder, was a nobleman who had a military background. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for "whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God, to strive especially for the defense and propagation of the faith, and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine". Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as "God's soldiers", "God's marines", or "the Company". The society participated in the
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Drogheda, as well as Dublin and Galway. At
Limerick there appears to have been a long hiatus following the defeat of the Jacobite forces and Begley states that Fr. Thomas O'Gorman was the first Jesuit to return to Limerick after the siege, arriving in 1728 and he took up residence in Jail Lane, near the Castle in the Englishtown. There he opened a school to "impart the rudiments of the classics to the better class youth of the city." O'Gorman left in 1737 and was succeeded by Fr. John McGrath. Next came Fr. James McMahon, who was a nephew of the Primate of Armagh,
5806:
2432:, the school moved back to Castle Lane, and remained largely undisturbed for the next 40 years, until the surrender of the city to Williamite forces in 1692. In 1671, Dr. James Douley was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Limerick and during his visitation to the diocese reported to the Holy See that the Jesuits had a house and "taught schools with great fruit, instructing the youth in the articles of faith and good morals." Douley also noted that this and other Catholic schools operating in the Diocese were also attended by local Protestants.
6053:
1166:
5782:
5767:
3405:
14968:
2611:, the Jesuits undertook the task of converting the Iroquois, something they had attempted in 1642 with little success. In 1653 the Iroquois nation had a fallout with the Dutch. They then signed a peace treaty with the French and a mission was established. The Iroquois soon turned on the French again. In 1658, the Jesuits were having little success and were under constant threat of being tortured or killed, but continued their effort until 1687 when they abandoned their permanent posts in the Iroquois homeland.
5913:
1144:
2824:
2412:. Nevertheless, in spite of this occasional persecution, the Jesuits were able to exert a degree of discreet influence within the province and in Limerick. For instance in 1606, largely through their efforts, a Catholic named Christopher Holywood was elected Mayor of the city. Four years earlier the resident Jesuit had raised a sum of "200 cruzados" for the purpose of founding a hospital in the city, though the project was disrupted by a severe outbreak of plague and repression by the Lord President
2011:
2396:- at Limerick, ordered all Jesuits from the city and Province, and offered £7 to anyone willing to betray a Jesuit priest to the authorities, and £5 for a seminarian. Jesuit houses and schools throughout the province, in the years thereafter, were subject to periodic crackdown and the occasional destruction of schools, imprisonment of teachers and the levying of heavy money penalties on parents are recorded in publications of the time. In 1615-17 the Royal Visitation Books, written up by
6313:
Congregation specified that "The impediment of origin extends to all who are descended from the Jewish race, unless it is clear that their father, grandfather, and great grandfather have belonged to the
Catholic Church." In 1946, the 29th General Congregation dropped the requirement but still called for "cautions to be exercised before admitting a candidate about whom there is some doubt as to the character of his hereditary background". Robert Aleksander Maryks interprets the 1593
17085:
4155:
3275:
2330:'s Commentarli grammatici, and read a few letters of Cicero or the dialogues of Frusius (André des Freux, SJ). The second class committed Donatus' texts in Latin to memory and read dialogues as well as works by Ēvaldus Gallus. Students in the third class learned Donatus by heart, though translated into English rather than through Latin. Young boys in the fourth class were taught to read. Progress was slow because there were too few teachers to conduct classes simultaneously.
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1598:
1471:. Today, Jesuit colleges and universities are located in over one hundred nations around the world. Under the notion that God can be encountered through created things and especially art, they encouraged the use of ceremony and decoration in Catholic ritual and devotion. Perhaps as a result of this appreciation for art, coupled with their spiritual practice of "finding God in all things", many early Jesuits distinguished themselves in the visual and
3572:
2813:
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1785:
1305:
636:
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1987:
1285:
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impossible for a time. It was not until the early 1600s that the Jesuit mission could again re-establish itself in the city, though the
Jesuits kept a low profile existence in lodgings here and there. For instance a mission led by Fr. Nicholas Leinagh re-established itself at Limerick in 1601, though the Jesuit presence in the city numbered no more than 1 or 2 at a time in the years immediately following.
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418:
72:
889:
1504:
1558:
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certain knowledge, and the fulness of our apostolical power, suppress and abolish the said company: we deprive it of all activity whatever. ...And to this end a member of the regular clergy, recommendable for his prudence and sound morals, shall be chosen to preside over and govern the said houses; so that the name of the
Company shall be, and is, for ever extinguished and suppressed.
3045:
2573:, which was meant to be a replica of European society. It became the Jesuit headquarters and an important part of Canadian history. Throughout most of the 1640s the Jesuits had modest success, establishing five chapels in Huronia and baptising more than one thousand Huron out of a population which may have exceeded 20,000 before the epidemics of the 1630s. However, the
3127:, later canonized, met slave transport ships in the harbour, went below decks where 300–600 slaves were chained, and gave physical aid with water, while introducing the Africans to Christianity. In his treatise, he did not condemn slavery or the ill-treatment of slaves, but sought to instruct fellow Jesuits to this ministry and describe how he catechized the slaves.
4170:, while biographers characterised him as working to save the lives of other Jesuits. As a Jesuit pope, he has stressed discernment over following rules, changing the culture of the clergy to steer away from clericalism and to move toward an ethic of service, i.e. to have the "smell of sheep," staying close to the people. After his papal election, Superior General
2926:
order holding real estate, surpassing the
Dominicans and Augustinians who had accumulated significant property, this was no small matter. They argued that they were exempt, due to special pontifical privileges. Bishop De Palafox took on the Jesuits over this matter and was so soundly defeated that he was recalled to Spain, where he became the bishop of the minor
3836:, originally read: "The Evangelical-Lutheran religion remains the public religion of the State. Those inhabitants, who confess thereto, are bound to raise their children to the same. Jesuits and monastic orders are not permitted. Jews are still prohibited from entry to the Realm." Jews were first allowed into the realm in 1851 after the famous Norwegian poet
2581:, rivals of the Hurons, grew jealous of the Hurons' wealth and control of the fur trade system and attacked Huron villages in 1648. They killed missionaries and burned villages, and the Hurons scattered. Both de Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant were tortured and killed in the Iroquois raids; for this, they have been canonized as martyrs in the Catholic Church.
3648:
natural defenses. Slave labor and trade were essential for the economy of Brazil and other
American colonies, and the Jesuits usually did object to the enslavement of African peoples, criticized the conditions of slavery. In cases where individual Jesuit priests criticized the institution of African slavery, they were censored and sent back to Europe.
5314:(1889–1964) of Belgium, Alphonse Lambrette (1884–1970) of Belgium, Emile Planckaert (1906–2006) of France, Jacob Raile (1894–1949) of Hungary, Henri Revol (1904–1992) of France, Adam Sztark (1907–1942) of Poland, Henri Van Oostayen (1906–1945) of Belgium, Ioannes Marangas (1901–1989) of Greece, and Raffaele de Chantuz Cubbe (1904–1983) of Italy.
3092:, wanting to put them in charge of parishes, but Acosta adhered to the Jesuit position that they were not subject to the jurisdiction of bishops and to catechize in Indigenous parishes would bring them into conflict with the bishops. For that reason, the Jesuits in Peru focused on education of elite men rather than the indigenous populations.
1376:, and spiritual lassitude within the Catholic Church. Ignatius insisted on a high level of academic preparation for the clergy in contrast to the relatively poor education of much of the clergy of his time. The Jesuit vow against "ambitioning prelacies" can be seen as an effort to counteract another problem evidenced in the preceding century.
2425:
Lenihan records that the
Limerick Crescent College in 1656 moved to a hut in the middle of a bog which was difficult for the authorities to find. This foundation was headed up by Fr. Nicholas Punch who was aided by Frs. Maurice Patrick, Piers Creagh and James Forde and the school attracted a large number of students from around the locality.
3517:, by reverting Jose Rizal from Freemasonry back to Catholicism. They argued that since the Philippine Revolution was inspired by the allegedly Masonic ideals behind the French and American revolutions, the French and American Freemasons themselves betrayed their own founding ideals when the American Freemasons annexed the Philippines in the
5082:(1593) which proclaimed that either Jewish or Muslim ancestry, no matter how distant, was an insurmountable impediment for admission to the Society of Jesus. This new rule was contrary to the original wishes of Ignatius who "said that he would take it as a special grace from our Lord to come from Jewish lineage". The 16th-century
2369:, Daniel persuaded the Portuguese Province to agree a surety for the ransom of Wolfe, who was quickly banished on release. Daniel returned to Ireland the following year, but was immediately captured and incriminating documents were found on his person, which were taken as proof of his involvement with the rebellious cousin of the
2440:. McMahon lived at Limerick for thirteen years until his death in 1751. In 1746 Fr Joseph Morony was sent from Bordeaux to join McMahon and the others. Morony remained at the Jail Lane site teaching at what Begley states was a "high class school" until 1773 when he was ordered to close the school and oratory following the
4456:, estimated that by 2034 the number would decrease to about 10,000 Jesuits, with a much younger average age than in 2019, and with a shift away from Europe and into Latin America, Africa, and India. In 2008, their average age was 57.3 years: 63.4 years for priests, 29.9 years for scholastics, and 65.5 years for brothers.
3306:
Bandeirantes and ended the worst of the slave trade in their region. From this point on the Jesuit missions enjoyed growth and prosperity, punctuated by epidemics. At the peak of their importance in 1732, the
Jesuits presided over 141,000 Guaraní (including a sprinkling of other peoples) who lived in about 30 missions.
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4309:
Assistancy) or an area of ministry (for instance higher education). The assistants normally reside with Father
General in Rome and along with others form an advisory council to the General. A vicar general and secretary of the society run day-to-day administration. The General is also required to have an
7808:"Entry from Irish Jesuit Archives website by Vera Orschel (archivist & editor) entitled 4 / 2015 Irish Jesuit Documents in Rome: Part 17 (1 April 2015) 'Not giving the Jesuit martyr Edmund Daniel (O'Donnell) a bad name'. This document contains some scanned copies of Good's original correspondence"
3846:
in the 1930s passed laws banning the Jesuits on grounds that they were obedient to a power different from the state. Pope Pius XI wrote about this: "It was an expression of a soul deeply hostile to God and the Catholic religion, to have disbanded the Religious Orders that had taken a vow of obedience
3321:
Detractors say that "the Jesuits took away the Indians' freedom, forced them to radically change their lifestyle, physically abused them, and subjected them to disease." Moreover, the missions were inefficient and their economic success "depended on subsidies from the Jesuit order, special protection
2626:
in 1759 and New France came under British control. The British barred the immigration of more Jesuits to New France, and by 1763, only 21 Jesuits were stationed in New France. By 1773 only 11 Jesuits remained. During the same year the British crown declared that the Society of Jesus in New France was
2419:
For much of the 17th century, the Limerick Jesuit foundation established a more permanent and stable presence and the Jesuit Annals record a 'flourishing' school at Limerick in the 1640s. During the Confederacy the Jesuits had been able to go about their business unhindered and were invited to preach
2305:
in December 1565 under the protection of the Earl of Desmond, where they lived in more comfort than the primitive conditions they experienced in the city. However they were unable to support themselves at Kilmallock and three months later they returned to the city in Easter 1566, and strangely set up
4325:
who acts as a sort of secretary and chief of staff. With the approval of the Superior General, the Provincial Superior appoints a novice master and a master of tertians to oversee formation, and rectors of local communities of Jesuits. For better cooperation and apostolic efficacy in each continent,
4141:"Wherever in the Church, even in the most difficult and extreme fields, at the crossroads of ideologies, in the social trenches, there has been and there is confrontation between the burning exigencies of man and the perennial message of the Gospel, here also there have been, and there are, Jesuits".
3784:
The period following the Restoration of the Jesuits in 1814 was marked by tremendous growth, as evidenced by the large number of Jesuit colleges and universities established during the 19th century. During this time in the United States, 22 of the society's 28 universities were founded or taken over
3702:
Having further considered that the said Company of Jesus can no longer produce those abundant fruits, ... in the present case, we are determining upon the fate of a society classed among the mendicant orders, both by its institute and by its privileges; after a mature deliberation, we do, out of our
3647:
The Jesuits had frequent disputes with other colonists who wanted to enslave the natives. The action of the Jesuits saved many natives from being enslaved by Europeans, but also disturbed their ancestral way of life and inadvertently helped spread infectious diseases against which the natives had no
2337:
founded 14 years before, no fee was requested from pupils, though as a result the two Jesuits lived in very poor conditions and were very overworked with teaching and administering the sacraments to the public. In late 1568 the Castle Lane School, in the presence of Daniel and Good, was attacked and
1134:
Ignatius laid out his original vision for the new order in the "Formula of the Institute of the Society of Jesus", which is "the fundamental charter of the order, of which all subsequent official documents were elaborations and to which they had to conform". He ensured that his formula was contained
5976:
Although the work of the Jesuits today embraces a wide variety of apostolates, ministries, and civil occupations, they are probably most well known for their educational work, on all continents. Since the inception of the order, Jesuits have been teachers. Besides serving on the faculty of Catholic
4981:. The Jesuits were accused of inspiring Châtel's attack. Two of his former teachers were exiled and a third was hanged. The Collège de Clermont was closed, and the building was confiscated. The Jesuits were banned from France, although this ban was quickly lifted and the school eventually reopened.
4189:
The General Congregation that elected Arturo Sosa in 2016 asked him to bring to completion the process of discerning Jesuit priorities for the time ahead. Sosa devised a plan that enlisted all Jesuits and their lay collaborators in the process of discernment over a 16-month period. Then in February
3329:(1721 to 1735) was a serious protest by Spanish and mestizo Paraguayans against the Jesuit missions. The residents of Paraguay violently protested the pro-Jesuit government of Paraguay, Jesuit control of Guaraní labor, and what they regarded as unfair competition for the market for products such as
3309:
The opinions of historians differ with regard to the Jesuit missions. The missions are much-romanticized with the Guaraní portrayed as innocent children of nature and the Jesuits as their wise and benevolent guides to an earthly utopia. "Proponents...highlight that the Jesuits protected the Indians
2388:
With Daniel dead and Wolfe dismissed, the Irish Jesuit foundation suffered a severe setback. Good is recorded as resident at Rome by 1577 and in 1586 the seizure of Earl of Desmond's estates resulted in a new permanent Protestant plantation in Munster, making the continuation of the Limerick school
1415:
were significant in their roles both as a missionary order and as the first religious order to operate colleges and universities as a principal and distinct ministry. By the time of Ignatius' death in 1556, the Jesuits were already operating a network of 74 colleges on three continents. A precursor
1407:
available to all people in active life. Further, he used it as a means of rebuilding the spiritual life of the church. The Exercises became both the basis for the training of Jesuits and one of the essential ministries of the order: giving the exercises to others in what became known as "retreats".
1050:
of a conversation with the Archbishop of Santo Domingo. In the words of one historian: "The use of the name Jesus gave great offense. Both on the Continent and in England, it was denounced as blasphemous; petitions were sent to kings and to civil and ecclesiastical tribunals to have it changed; and
1018:
or "Friends in the Lord", because they felt "they were placed together by Christ." The name "company" had echoes of the military (reflecting perhaps Ignatius' background as Captain in the Spanish army) as well as of discipleship (the "companions" of Jesus). The Spanish "company" would be translated
4441:
of priests and brothers in the Catholic Church. The Jesuits have experienced a decline in numbers in recent decades. As of 2022, the society had 14,439 members (10,432 priests, 837 brothers, 2,587 scholastics, and 583 novices). This represents a 59% percent decline since the Second Vatican Council
4336:
The General Congregation is a meeting of all of the assistants, provincials, and additional representatives who are elected by the professed Jesuits of each province. It meets irregularly and rarely, normally to elect a new superior general and/or to take up some major policy issues for the order.
4140:
As my Predecessors have said to you on various occasions, the Church needs you, relies on you and continues to turn to you with trust, particularly to reach those physical and spiritual places which others do not reach or have difficulty in reaching. Paul VI's words remain engraved on your hearts:
3261:
The Guaraní people of eastern Paraguay and neighboring Brazil and Argentina were in crisis in the early 17th century. Recurrent epidemics of European diseases had reduced their population by up 50 percent and the forced labor of the encomiendas by the Spanish and mestizo colonists had made virtual
2424:
wrote to the Jesuit general in Rome praising the work of the Rector of the Limerick College, Fr. William O'Hurley, who was aided by Fr. Thomas Burke. However just a few years later, during the Protectorate era, only 18 of the Jesuits resident in Ireland managed to avoid capture by the authorities.
1160:
Whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God beneath the banner of the Cross in our Society, which we desire to be designated by the Name of Jesus, and to serve the Lord alone and the Church, his spouse, under the Roman Pontiff, the Vicar of Christ on earth, should, after a solemn vow of perpetual
6043:
Jesuits have become increasingly involved in works directed primarily toward social and economic development for the poor and marginalized. Included in this would be research, training, advocacy, and action for human development, as well as direct services. Most Jesuit schools have an office that
4308:
The Father General is assisted by "assistants", four of whom are "assistants for provident care" and serve as general advisors and a sort of inner council, and several other regional assistants, each of whom heads an "assistancy", which is either a geographic area (for instance the North American
3242:
In the immense territory of Maynas, the Jesuits of Quito made contact with a number of indigenous tribes which spoke 40 different languages, and founded a total of 173 Jesuit missions encompassing 150,000 inhabitants. Because of the constant epidemics (smallpox and measles) and warfare with other
2415:
The principal activities of the order within the city at this time were devoted to preaching, administration of the sacraments and teaching. The school opened and closed intermittently in or around the area of Castle Lane, near Lahiffy's lane. During demolition work stones marked I.H.S., 1642 and
2300:
They established contact with Wolfe, but were only able to meet with him at night, as the English authorities were attempting to arrest the legate. Wolfe charged them initially with teaching to the boys of Limerick, with an emphasis on religious instruction, and Good translated the catechism from
3305:
province (present day Brazil and Paraguay), about 500 km (310 mi) southwest to the three borders region of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. About 10,000 of 30,000 Guaraní in the missions chose to accompany the Jesuits. In 1641 and 1642, armed by the Jesuits, Guaraní armies defeated the
2925:
The Jesuits engaged in conflict with the episcopal hierarchy over the question of payment of tithes, the ten percent tax on agriculture levied on landed estates for support of the church hierarchy from bishops and cathedral chapters to parish priests. Since the Jesuits were the largest religious
2887:
Many of Jesuit haciendas were huge, with Palafox asserting that just two colleges owned 300,000 head of sheep, whose wool was transformed locally in Puebla to cloth; six sugar plantations worth a million pesos and generating an income of 100,000 pesos. The immense Jesuit hacienda of Santa Lucía
2325:
The number of scholars in their care was very small. An early example of a school play in Ireland is sent in one of Good's reports, which was performed on the Feast of St. John in 1566. The school was conducted in one large aula, but the students were divided into distinct classes. Good gives a
2435:
The Jesuit presence in Ireland, in the so-called Penal era after the Battle of the Boyne, ebbed and flowed. By 1700 they were only 6 or 7, recovering to 25 by 1750. Small Jesuit houses and schools existed at Athlone, Carrick-on-Suir, Cashel, Clonmel, Kilkenny, Waterford, New Ross, Wexford, and
2296:
sent a detailed report to Rome of his activities via the Portuguese Jesuits. He informed the Jesuit superior general that he and Edmund Daniel had arrived at Limerick city two years beforehand and their situation there had been perilous. Both had arrived in the city in very bad health, but had
1269:(of 15th-century origin, meaning "one who used too frequently or appropriated the name of Jesus") was first applied to the society in reproach (1544–1552). The term was never used by Ignatius of Loyola, but over time, members and friends of the society adopted the name with a positive meaning.
2082:
made efforts to translate western mathematical and astronomical works into Chinese and aroused the interest of Chinese scholars in these sciences. They made very extensive astronomical observation and carried out the first modern cartographic work in China. They also learned to appreciate the
5293:
notes that in every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews, and that the Jesuits were one of the Catholic Orders that hid Jewish children in monasteries and schools to protect them from the Nazis. Fourteen Jesuit priests have been formally recognized by
3662:
The suppression of the Jesuits alienated the colonial empires from the natives they governed in the Americas and Asia, as the Jesuits were active protectors of native rights against the colonial empires. With the supression of the Order, the profitable Jesuit reductions which gave wealth and
6312:
Jesuit scholar John Padberg states that the restriction on Jewish/Muslim converts was limited only to the degree of parentage. Fourteen years later this was extended back to the fifth degree. Over time the restriction relating to Muslim ancestry was dropped. In 1923, the 27th Jesuit General
2309:
They recommenced teaching at Castle Lane, and imparting the sacraments, though their activities were restricted by the arrival of Royal Commissioners. Good reported that as he was an Englishman, English officials in the city cultivated him and he was invited to dine with them on a number of
2871:
and members of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits acquired landed estates that were run with the best-practices for generating income in that era. A number of these haciendas were donated by wealthy elites. The donation of a hacienda to the Jesuits was the spark igniting a conflict between
1428:
structure of Catholic thought. This method of teaching was important in the context of the Scientific Revolution, as these universities were open to teaching new scientific and mathematical methodology. Further, many important thinkers of the Scientific Revolution were educated by Jesuit
10802:
Châtel fut écartelé, le jésuite Guignard fut pendu; et ce qui est bien étrange, Jouvency, dans son Histoire des Jésuites, le regarde comme un martyr et le compare à Jésus-Christ. Le régent de Châtel, nommé Guéret, et un autre jésuite, nommé Hay, ne furent condamnés qu'à un bannissement
6931:
17317:
3861:
The 20th century witnessed both growth and decline of the order. Following a trend within the Catholic priesthood at large, Jesuit numbers peaked in the 1950s and have declined steadily since. Meanwhile, the number of Jesuit institutions has grown considerably, due in large part to a
3914:
and the preferential option for the poor emerged as dominant themes of the work of the Jesuits. When Arrupe was paralyzed by a stroke in 1981, Pope John Paul II, not entirely pleased with the progressive turn of the Jesuits, took the unusual step of appointing the venerable and aged
2416:
1609 were, in the 19th century, found inserted in a wall behind a tan yard near St Mary's Chapel which, according to Lenihan, were thought to mark the site of an early Jesuit school and oratory. This building, at other times, had also functioned as a dance house and candle factory.
4301:, Latin for "provost-general", more commonly called Father General. He is elected by the General Congregation for life or until he resigns; he is confirmed by the pope and has absolute authority in running the Society. The current Superior General of the Jesuits is the Venezuelan
2513:, a reform branch of the Franciscans in France, to convert the native inhabitants. In 1624 the French Recollects realized the magnitude of their task and sent a delegate to France to invite the Society of Jesus to help with this mission. The invitation was accepted, and Jesuits
866:
the native peoples. The Jesuits have always been controversial within the Catholic Church and have frequently clashed with secular governments and institutions. Beginning in 1759, the Catholic Church expelled Jesuits from most countries in Europe and from European colonies.
4501:. A typical conception of the mission of a Jesuit school will often contain such concepts as proposing Christ as the model of human life, the pursuit of excellence in teaching and learning, lifelong spiritual and intellectual growth, and training men and women for others.
794:. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote
5169:
and had particular disdain for the Jesuits. According to John Pollard, the Jesuits' "ethos represented the most intransigent opposition to the philosophy of Nazism", and so the Nazis considered them as one of their most dangerous enemies. A Jesuit college in the city of
4106:". He said "St Ignatius of Loyola was above all a man of God, who gave the first place of his life to God, to his greater glory and his greater service. He was a man of profound prayer, which found its center and its culmination in the daily Eucharistic Celebration."
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sap whose main consumers were the lower classes and Indigenous peoples in Spanish cities. Although most haciendas had a free work force of permanent or seasonal labourers, the Jesuit haciendas in Mexico had a significant number of enslaved people of African descent.
1781:, and education of indigenous nations. They also built schools, organized people into villages, and created a writing system for the local languages of Brazil. José de Anchieta and Manuel da Nóbrega were the first Jesuits that Ignacio de Loyola sent to the Americas.
2466:
Following the restoration of the Society of Jesus in 1814, the Jesuits gradually re-established a number of their schools throughout the country, starting with foundations at Kildare and Dublin. They returned to Limerick at the invitation of the Bishop of Limerick,
1944:
16th and 17th-century Jesuit institutions intended to train priests were hotbeds for the persecution of Catholics in Britain, where men suspected of being Catholic priests were routinely imprisoned, tortured, and executed. Jesuits were among those killed, including
1577:
in 1580. This was removed in 1587 due to fears over their growing influence. Jesuits did, however, have much success in Latin America. Their ascendancy in societies in the Americas accelerated during the seventeenth century, wherein Jesuits created new missions in
4320:
The society is divided into geographic areas called provinces, each of which is headed by a Provincial Superior, formally called Father Provincial, chosen by the Superior General. He has authority over all Jesuits and ministries in his area, and is assisted by a
6044:
fosters social awareness and social service in the classroom and through extracurricular programs, usually detailed on their websites. The Jesuits also run over 500 notable or stand-alone social or economic development centres in 56 countries around the world.
4632:, the fifth general of the society, but was probably written by former Jesuit Jerome Zahorowski. It purports to describe the methods to be adopted by Jesuits for the acquisition of greater power and influence for the society and for the Catholic Church. The
4166:. Before he became pope, he had been appointed a bishop when he was in "virtual estrangement from the Jesuits" since he was seen as "an enemy of liberation theology" and viewed by others as "still far too orthodox". He was criticised for colluding with the
6088:, a periodical produced in Rome by the Jesuits, has often been used as a semi-official platform for popes and officials of the Roman Curia to float ideas for discussion or hint at future statements or positions, though authorship is limited to Jesuits.
4442:(1965), when the society had a total membership of 36,038, of which 20,301 were priests. This decline is most pronounced in Europe and the Americas, with relatively modest membership gains occurring in Asia and Africa. According to Patrick Reilly of the
4553:
Jesuit scholar Andrew Dial has calculated that the Jesuits owned more than 20,000 slaves worldwide in 1760, the great majority of them in the Americas. The Jesuits in some places protected the indigenous people of the Americas from slavers, notably the
3157:
in 1717. In 1602, Ferrer began to explore the Aguarico, Napo, and Marañon rivers (Sucumbios region, in what is today Ecuador and Peru), and between 1604 and 1605 set up missions among the Cofane natives. He was martyred by an apostate native in 1610.
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Ignatius and the Jesuits who followed him believed that the reform of the church had to begin with the conversion of an individual's heart. One of the main tools the Jesuits have used to bring about this conversion is the Ignatian retreat, called the
13524:
3853:– with the hope, perhaps, of then being able with less difficulty to overthrow in the near future, the Christian faith and morale in the heart of the Spanish nation, which gave to the Church of God the grand and glorious figure of Ignatius Loyola."
4513:
gives the following instructions: "The clothing too should have three characteristics: first, it should be proper; second, conformed to the usage of the country of residence; and third, not contradictory to the poverty we profess." (Const. 577)
1247:("For the greater glory of God"). This phrase is designed to reflect the idea that any work that is not evil can be meritorious for the spiritual life if it is performed with this intention, even things normally considered of little importance.
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in 1609. The objectives of the Jesuits were to make Christians of the Guaraní, impose European values and customs (which were regarded as essential to a Christian life), and isolate and protect the Guaraní from European colonists and slavers.
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Members of the Society of Jesus make profession of "perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience" and "promise a special obedience to the sovereign pontiff in regard to the missions" to the effect that a Jesuit is expected to be directed by the
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signed by Pope Paul III in 1540 and by Pope Julius III in 1550. The formula expressed the nature, spirituality, community life, and apostolate of the new religious order. Its famous opening statement echoed Ignatius' military background:
2354:, was sent to Limerick charged with a Royal Commission to seek out and expel the Jesuits. Daniel was immediately ordered to quit the city and went to Lisbon, where he resumed his studies with the Portuguese Jesuits. Good moved on to
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normally takes between eight and fourteen years, depending on the man's background and previous education, and final vows are taken several years after that, making Jesuit formation among the longest of any of the religious orders.
2596:(Isle de Saint-Joseph). However, facing starvation, lack of supplies, and constant threats of Iroquois attack, the small Sainte-Marie II was abandoned in June 1650; the remaining Christian Hurons and Jesuits departed for Quebec and
3314:, "the Jesuits established a monarchical authority in Paraguay, founded solely on their powers of persuasion and on their lenient methods of government. Masters of the country, they rendered happy the people under their sway."
2839:
distinguished themselves in several ways. They had high standards for acceptance to the order and many years of training. They attracted the patronage of elite families whose sons they educated in rigorous newly founded Jesuit
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Provinces. At their height, there were ten provinces. Though there had been mergers in the past, a major reorganization of the provinces began in early 21st century, with the aim of consolidating into four provinces by 2020.
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Several other Jesuits are known to have rescued or given refuge to Jews during that period. A plaque commemorating the 152 Jesuit priests who gave their lives during the Holocaust was installed in April 2007 at the Jesuits'
4491:. The degree to which the Jesuits are involved in the administration of each institution varies. As of September 2018, 15 of the 27 Jesuit universities in the US had non-Jesuit lay presidents. According to a 2014 article in
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established the foundations of the French colony at Québec in 1608. The native tribes that inhabited modern day Ontario, Québec, and the areas around Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay were the Montagnais, the Algonquins, and the
5275:. As his health declined, the Nazis feared the creation of a martyr and sent him to the Abbey of Ettal in 1940. There he continued to give sermons and lectures against the evils of the Nazi régime, until his death in 1945.
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became controversial in Europe, especially in Spain and Portugal where they were seen as interfering with the proper colonial enterprises of the royal governments. The Jesuits were often the only force standing between the
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to Rome, and took the opportunity to thank God "for having granted to your Company the gift of men of extraordinary sanctity and of exceptional apostolic zeal such as St Ignatius of Loyola, St Francis Xavier, and Blessed
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Reforms and finding suitable men to fill vacant sees. He established a house of religious women in Limerick known as the Menabochta ("poor women" ) and in 1565 preparations began for establishing a school at Limerick.
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5182:. Vincent Lapomarda lists some 30 Jesuits as having died at Dachau. Of the total of 152 Jesuits murdered by the Nazis across Europe, 43 died in the death camps and an additional 27 died from captivity or its results.
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In fulfilling the mission of the "Formula of the Institute of the Society", the first Jesuits concentrated on a few key activities. First, they founded schools throughout Europe. Jesuit teachers were trained in both
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to carry on its campaign against the Nazis in Poland. Vatican Radio was run by the Jesuit Filippo Soccorsi and spoke out against Nazi oppression, particularly with regard to Poland and to Vichy-French antisemitism.
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initiated the Church in the 21st Century program as a means of moving the church "from crisis to renewal". The initiative has provided the society with a platform for examining issues brought about by the worldwide
3973:, Avery Dulles was long known for his carefully reasoned argumentation and fidelity to the teaching office of the church. An author of 22 books and over 700 theological articles, Dulles died on 12 December 2008 at
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On 2 October 2016, General Congregation 36 convened in Rome, convoked by Nicolás, who had announced his intention to resign at age 80. On 14 October, the 36th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus elected
1046:(Augustinians). Ignatius of Loyola and his followers appropriated the name of Jesus for their new order, provoking resentment by other orders who considered it presumptuous. The resentment was recorded by Jesuit
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Jesuits are also known for their involvement in publications. Most Jesuit colleges and universities have their own presses which produce a variety of books, book series, textbooks, and academic publications.
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The formation (training) of Jesuits seeks to prepare men spiritually, academically, and practically for the ministries they will be called to offer the church and world. Ignatius was strongly influenced by the
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4452:" in counteracting the fall of vocations among the Jesuits. Twenty-eight novices took first vows in the Jesuits in the United States and Haiti in 2019. In September 2019, the superior general of the Jesuits,
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3337:. In 1756, the Guaraní protested the relocation of seven missions, fighting (and losing) a brief war with both the Spanish and Portuguese. The Jesuits were accused of inciting the Guaraní to rebel. In 1767,
5390:, the latter of which has been described as "the Jesuit science". The Jesuits have been described as "the single most important contributor to experimental physics in the seventeenth century". According to
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to an authority different from the legitimate authority of the State. In this way it was sought to do away with the Society of Jesus – which can well glory in being one of the soundest auxiliaries of the
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Desideri, Ippolito. "Mission to Tibet: The Extraordinary Eighteenth-Century Account of Father Ippolito Desideri." Translated by Michael J. Sweet. Edited by Leonard Zwilling. Boston: Wisdom Publications,
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Image–Object–Performance: Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines, ed. Astrid Windus and Eberhard Crailsheim (Munster: Waxmann Verlag, 2013)
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Each Jesuit community within a province is normally headed by a rector who is assisted by a "minister", from the Latin word for "servant", a priest who helps oversee the community's day-to-day needs.
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Los tres siglos de México durante el gobierno español, hasta la entrada del ejército trigarante. Obra escrita en Roma por el P. Andrés Cavo, de la Compañía de Jesús; publicada con notas y suplemento
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5465:, "a substantial body of scientific knowledge and a vast array of mental tools for understanding the physical universe, including the Euclidean geometry that made planetary motion comprehensible".
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in 1626 and lived among the Huron peoples. Brébeuf learned the native language and created the first Huron language dictionary. Outside conflict forced the Jesuits to leave New France in 1629 when
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4280:, and he wanted Jesuits to be able to offer whatever ministries were most needed at any given moment and, especially, to be ready to respond to missions (assignments) from the pope. Formation for
2385:. His execution was carried out on 25 October 1572 and a report of it was sent by Fitzmaurice to the Jesuit Superior General in 1576, where he said that Daniel was "cruelly killed because of me".
1486:. They were an important force in the Counter-Reformation and in the Catholic missions, in part because their relatively loose structure (without the requirements of living and celebration of the
1108:("To the Government of the Church Militant"), on 27 September 1540. This is the founding document of the Society of Jesus as an official Catholic religious order. Ignatius was chosen as the first
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Goa is sadly famous for its inquisition, equally contrary to humanity and commerce. The Portuguese monks made us believe that the people worshipped the devil, and it is they who have served him.
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has been beatified. Mayer was a Bavarian Jesuit who clashed with the Nazis as early as 1923. Continuing his critique following Hitler's rise to power, Mayer was imprisoned in 1939 and sent to
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beginning in the year 1705. In 1768, the only Omagua mission that was left was San Joaquin de Omaguas, since it had been moved to a new location on the Napo river away from the Bandeirantes.
2558:. After a series of epidemics of European-introduced diseases beginning in 1634, some Huron began to mistrust the Jesuits and accused them of being sorcerers casting spells from their books.
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in that city. Since the Jesuits resisted paying the tithe on their estates, this donation effectively took revenue out of the church hierarchy's pockets by removing it from the tithe rolls.
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After much training and experience in theology, Jesuits went across the globe in search of converts to Christianity. Despite their dedication, they had little success in Asia, except in the
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4497:, "the number of Jesuit priests who are active in everyday operations at the schools isn't nearly as high as it once was". Worldwide it runs 322 secondary schools and 172 colleges and
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founded 38 missions along the length of the Amazon river, between the Napo and Negro rivers, that were called the Omagua Missions. These missions were continually attacked by the Brazilian
1239:, adopted in 1553, which created a centralised organization and stressed acceptance of any mission to which the pope might call them. His main principle became the unofficial Jesuit motto:
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3954:, El Salvador, because they had been labeled as subversives by the government. The assassinations galvanized the society's peace and justice movements, including annual protests at the
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and privileges from the Crown, and the lack of competition" The Jesuits are portrayed as "exploiters" who "sought to create a kingdom independent of the Spanish and Portuguese Crowns."
1630:, Jesuits thrived in Goa and until 1759 successfully expanded their activities to education and healthcare. In 1594 they founded the first Roman-style academic institution in the East,
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protection to natives were sequestered by royal authorities and the natives enslaved. Faced with this supression; the natives, mestizos, and creoles were galvinized into starting the
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scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe. Through their correspondence, European scientists first learned about the Chinese science and culture.
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The success of the Jesuits in converting the Indigenous peoples is linked to their efforts to understand the native cultures, especially their languages. The first grammar of the
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and a Spanish plot. He was removed from Limerick, taken to Cork "just as if he were a thief or noted evildoer". After being court-martialled by the Lord President of Munster, Sir
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3977:, where he had taught for twenty years as the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society. He was, at his passing, one of ten Jesuit cardinals in the Catholic Church.
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The Jesuit mission in Quebec was re-established in 1842. There were a number of Jesuit colleges founded in the decades following; one of these colleges evolved into present-day
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The Jesuits, nevertheless, have made numerous significant contributions to the development of science. For example, the Jesuits have dedicated significant study to fields from
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Pope Francis gave his approval to these priorities, saying that they were in harmony with the church's present priorities and with the programmatic letter of his pontificate,
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5457:. One modern historian writes that in late Ming courts, the Jesuits were "regarded as impressive especially for their knowledge of astronomy, calendar-making, mathematics,
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3298:, they discovered the richly populated Jesuit missions. Initially, the missions had few defenses against the slavers and thousands of Guaraní were captured and enslaved.
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was once more president of Mexico. Their re-introduction to Mexico was "to assist in the education of the poorer classes and much of their property was restored to them".
2206:, displayed such extreme ignorance that the emperor mandated the expulsion of Christian missionaries unable to abide by the terms of Ricci's Chinese catechism. Tournon's
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The eventual temporary suppression of the Jesuits due their role in anti-colonial and anti-slavery revolts among the Paraguay reductions, alongside cooperation with the
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Ignatius and the early Jesuits did recognize, though, that the hierarchical church was in dire need of reform. Some of their greatest struggles were against corruption,
1192:, and their schools reflected this. These schools taught with a balance of Aristotelian methods with mathematics. Second, they sent out missionaries across the globe to
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Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem, for risking their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust of World War II: Roger Braun (1910–1981) of France,
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in South America, but in other places they enslaved indigenous people after "just wars" in which indigenous people who resisted European colonization were defeated.
3969:, an internationally known author, lecturer, and theologian, was created a cardinal of the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II. The son of former Secretary of State
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among the Jesuits. While this claim is debatable, Jesuits were generally supportive of papal authority within the church, and some members became associated with the
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in the Philippines. The Jesuits were instrumental in the sciences of medicine, botany, zoology, astronomy and seismology. They trained the Philippines' second saint,
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The Jesuit schools played an important part in winning back to Catholicism a number of European countries which had for a time been predominantly Protestant, notably
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Warren, J. Benedict (1973). "An Introductory Survey of Secular Writings in the European Tradition on Colonial Middle America, 1503–1818". In Cline, Howard F. (ed.).
4033:, resigned at the request of the society. The move was widely published in the media as the result of pressure from the Vatican, following years of criticism by the
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6004:, Jesuit schools had become a very controversial place of instruction as they abandoned teaching traditional Catholic education with things such as the mastery of
3490:, allowed their vacated parishes to be put under control by the local nationalistic diocesan clergy; the martyrdom of three of them, the diocesan priests known as
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had signed a Brief to do away with it." But nothing came of all the opposition; there were already congregations named after the Trinity and as "God's daughters".
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Cipolletti, Maria Susana; Magnin, Juan (2008). "'Nostalgia del monte'. Indigenas del Oriente peruano segun un manuscripto del jesuita Juan Magnin (Borja 1743)".
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4253:, whose purpose is "to conquer oneself and to regulate one's life in such a way that no decision is made under the influence of any inordinate attachment". The
2906:. Jesuits did significantly expand missions to the Indigenous in the northern frontier area and a number were martyred, but the crown supported those missions.
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to protect the natives from enslavement by Spanish and Portuguese colonizers would contribute to the call for the society's suppression. Jesuit priests such as
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1452:, classical literature, poetry, and philosophy as well as non-European languages, sciences, and the arts. Furthermore, Jesuit schools encouraged the study of
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1642:, it had a great influence on the learning of Eastern languages (Chinese and Japanese) and culture by missionary Jesuits, becoming home to the first western
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language and culture, writing a long and very detailed account of the country and its religion as well as treatises in Tibetan that attempted to refute key
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9336:"Votation No 236 Tableau récapitulatif: Arrêté fédéral abrogeant les articles de la constitution fédérale sur les jésuites et les couvents (art. 51 et 52)"
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from exploitation and preserved the Guaraní language and other aspects of indigenous culture." "By means of religion," wrote the 18th century philosopher
3169:, Brazil, on the banks of the Amazon river on 12 December 1639. In 1641, Acuña published in Madrid a memoir of his expedition to the Amazon river entitled
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3777:, who had been elected as superior in Russia in 1805, acquired universal jurisdiction. On his death in 1820 the Jesuits were expelled from Russia by tsar
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The Age of Reason Begins: A History of European Civilization in the Period of Shakespeare, Bacon, Montaigne, Rembrandt, Galileo, and Descartes, 1558–1648
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to assert more Spanish control over its American colonies. In total, 78 Jesuits departed from the missions leaving behind 89,000 Guaraní in 30 missions.
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through the agency of the superior as if he were a lifeless body which allows itself to be carried to any place and to be treated in any manner desired.
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3942:, Joaquin López y López, Juan Ramon Moreno, and Amado López), Elba Ramos their housekeeper, and Celia Marisela Ramos her daughter, were murdered by the
3424:
In addition to missionary work, the Jesuits compiled artifacts and chronicled the precolonial history and culture of the Philippines. Jesuit chronicler
3080:(1590) introduced Europeans to Spain's American empire via fluid prose and keen observation and explanation, based on 15 years in Peru and some time in
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to the priesthood would be accepted as a Jesuit. Jesuits were also zealous in evangelization of the indigenous, particularly on the northern frontiers.
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was particularly severe. Lapomarda wrote that Ledóchowski helped "stiffen the general attitude of the Jesuits against the Nazis" and that he permitted
4313:, a confidential advisor whose task is to warn the General honestly and confidentially when he might be acting imprudently or contrary to the church's
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published in the early 19th century. An earlier Jesuit who wrote about the history of Mexico was Diego Luis de Motezuma (1619–99), a descendant of the
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2600:. As a result of the Iroquois raids and outbreak of disease, many missionaries, traders, and soldiers died. Today, the Huron tribe, also known as the
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instead of allowing the Iroquois the satisfaction of destroying it. By late June 1649, the French and some Christian Hurons built Sainte-Marie II on
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5118:. At the same time, Jesuits have been appointed to prominent doctrinal and theological positions in the church; under Pope Benedict XVI, Archbishop
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and, most notably, higher education. It operates colleges and universities in various countries around the world and is particularly active in the
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The spirituality practiced by the Jesuits, called Ignatian spirituality, ultimately based on the Catholic faith and the gospels, is drawn from the
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2463:. It was finally forced to close, not for religious or confessional reasons, but due to the political difficulties of the Jesuit Order elsewhere.
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Bullock, Steven C. Revolutionary brotherhood: Freemasonry and the transformation of the American social order, 1730–1840 (UNC Press Books, 2011)
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The dissolution of the order left in place substantial estates and investments, amounting to an income of approximately £5,000 a year, and the
1062:. Pope Paul III gave them a commendation, and permitted them to be ordained priests. These initial steps led to the official founding in 1540.
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6107:, founded by a Jesuit, is an independent publisher of Catholic books, most of which are of the popular academic or lay-intellectual variety.
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Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology, and the Social Sciences: An Analysis of the Contradictions of Modernity at the Turn of the Millennium
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6157:, edited by the Newman Institute, covers a broad spectrum of issues concerning faith, culture, research, and society. The printed version of
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in particular was run like the Jesuit reductions in Paraguay and housed a large population of Peruvian and Latin American immigrants whereas
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that had real estate were less economically integrated, so that some individual houses were wealthy while others struggled economically. The
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In 1639, the Audiencia of Quito organized an expedition to renew its exploration of the Amazon river and the Quito Jesuit (Jesuita Quiteño)
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in the Elizabethan times, an English province was only established in 1623. The first pressing issue for early Jesuits in what today is the
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4121:, because the Jesuits have always been "extremely active in the promotion of this essential devotion". In his 3 November 2006 visit to the
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3333:. Although the revolt ultimately failed and the missions remained intact, the Jesuits were expelled from institutions they had created in
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in Seville (1592), which culminated in a place of study in Louvain (1614). This was the earliest foundation of what would later be called
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2007 Institutional Brochure, Ateneo de Manila University. Published by the Office of International Programs, Ateneo de Manila University.
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1212:. One of the original seven arrived in India already in 1541. Finally, though not initially formed for the purpose, they aimed to stop
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persecution, and many Jesuit priests were deported to death camps. Jesuits made up the largest contingent of clergy imprisoned in the
4125:, Benedict XVI cited the university as "one of the greatest services that the Society of Jesus carries out for the universal Church".
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was completed in 1696. He "aimed to show that Mexican emperors were a legitimate dynasty in the 17th-century in the European sense".
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Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó in the 18th century, the first permanent Jesuit mission in Baja California, established by
2350:, which resulted in a new wave of repression of Catholicism in England and Ireland. At the end of 1568 the Anglican Bishop of Meath,
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with his students and congregation, and that his sermons should emphasize obedience to secular princes if he wished to avoid arrest.
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6035:. This is a Jesuit tradition that focuses on cultivating a person as a whole, as one learns to speak and write for the common good.
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To walk with the poor, the outcasts of the world, those whose dignity has been violated, in a mission of reconciliation and justice;
3737:, the Society was able to maintain its continuity and carry on its work all through the stormy period of suppression. Subsequently,
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The Jesuits operated their properties as an integrated unit with the larger Jesuit order; thus revenues from haciendas funded their
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St. Francis Xavier Church, a Jesuit parish church across the street from the Rockhurst University campus, Kansas City, Missouri, US
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3456:, its re-establishment in Mindanao and its alliance against the Sultanates of Ternate and Lanao as vassals under Christian Spain.
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area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the
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12867:. Maury A. Bromsen Lecture in Humanistic Bibliography. Vol. 5. Boston: Trustees of the Public Library of the City of Boston.
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In May 2006, Benedict XVI also wrote a letter to Kolvenbach on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Pope Pius XII's encyclical
3467:, to convert it to Christianity. The Jesuits also founded many towns, farms, haciendas, educational institutes, libraries, and an
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13079:. Vol. 13: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Part Two. Austin: University of Texas Press (published 2015). pp. 42–137.
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3498:(also Jesuit-educated upon the restoration of the order), who became the Philippines' national hero. He successfully started the
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Jesuit scholars working in foreign missions were very dedicated in studying the local languages and strove to produce Latinized
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Portuguese Pioneers of Vietnamese Linguistics Prior to 1650 – Pionniers Portugais de la Linguistique Vietnamienne Jusqu'en 1650
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In the quest to evangelize, Jesuits persecuted people of other religions, including Hindus, Muslims and other Christians. The
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This article is about the Society of Jesus, also known as Jesuit Order. For philosophy concerning the teachings of Jesus, see
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3369:, who evangelized the Philippines in support of Spanish colonization. The Jesuits worked particularly hard in converting the
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their house in accommodation owned by the Lord Deputy of Ireland, which was conveyed to them by certain influential friends.
2224: – led to the swift collapse of all the missions in China; the last Jesuits were finally expelled after 1721.
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had campaigned for this permission. Monastic orders were permitted in 1897, but the ban on Jesuits was only lifted in 1956.
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to restore the Jesuits universally, and on his return to Rome he did so without much delay. On 7 August 1814, with the bull
3165:
was a part of this expedition. The expedition disembarked from the Napo river 16 February 1639 and arrived in what is today
2269:
Wolfe's mission in Ireland initially concentrated on setting the sclerotic Irish Church on a sound footing, introducing the
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As elsewhere in the Spanish empire, the Jesuits were expelled from Mexico in 1767. Their haciendas were sold off and their
2927:
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12676:
The Jesuit Order As a Synagogue of Jews: Jesuits of Jewish Ancestry and Purity-of-Blood Laws in the Early Society of Jesus
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2019 he presented the results of the discernment, a list of four priorities for Jesuit ministries for the next ten years.
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8954:
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872:
452:
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9414:
7240:
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5379:("The Official Plan of studies for the Society of Jesus") of 1599, was almost entirely based on the works of Aristotle.
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The Jesuits justified their ownership of slaves and participation in the slave trade as a means of converting slaves to
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rivers. Jesuit de la Cueva and Raimundo de Santacruz opened up two new routes of communication with Quito, through the
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1954:
1734:
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13364:
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10174:
7702:"Life in Tudor Limerick: William Good's 'Annual Letter' of 1566". By Thomas M. McCoog SJ & Victor Houliston. From
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4918:
3536:, the Jesuits relocated their organization's nexus in Asia from China to the Philippines and brought along a sizeable
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16004:
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9276:
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7207:
7156:
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1544:
1344:
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The Jesuits in Latin America: 1549–2000:: 450 Years of Inculturation, Defense of Human Rights, and Prophetic Witness
8573:
Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTESarreal20146–7" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
7534:
Seah, Audrey (2017), "The 1670 Chinese Missal: A Struggle for Indigenization amidst the Chinese Rites Controversy",
5564:). He founded numerous missions and served as the peace-bringer between the tribes and the government of New Spain.
5044:
lists "equivocating" as a secondary denotation of the word "Jesuit". Modern critics of the Society of Jesus include
2674:
The Society of Jesus, in the United States, is organized into geographic provinces, each of which being headed by a
2342:
during the pacification of Munster. The political and religious climate had become more uncertain in the lead up to
1622:) in 1541 to carry out evangelical service in the Indies. In a 1545 letter to John III of Portugal, he requested an
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Come Le Armadure e L'Armi. Per una storia delle antiche biblioteche della Compagnia di Gesù. Con il caso di Perugia
11849:
10743:
10590:
10287:
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7329:
7118:"24 de abril de 2014: Santa Misa de acción de gracias por la canonización de San José de Anchieta | Francisco"
5622:
5446:), the theoretical possibility of flight, the way the moon affected the tides, and the wave-like nature of light."
5269:
2660:
2480:
11903:"The 'New' Jesuits: The Response to the Society of Jesus to Vatican II, 1962–2012: Some Alacrity, Some Resistance"
10506:
9656:"Letter to the Superior General of the Society of Jesus on the 50th anniversary of the Encyclical Haurietis Aquas"
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was a Jesuit priest and psychotherapist who became widely known for his books which introduced Westerners to the
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4826:
4577:, accumulated large debts which he was unable to pay which led to the banning of the Jesuits in France in 1764.
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1891:, considered the most extensive among works of the missionaries. Extensive documentation was left in the form of
1631:
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Anton Gill; An Honourable Defeat; A History of the German Resistance to Hitler; Heinemann; London; 1994; p. 264.
9040:
The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
6451:
5174:
served as a center for anti-Nazi resistance and was closed down by the Nazis in 1938. Jesuits were a target for
4923:
2447:
Despite the efforts of the Castle authorities and English government the Limerick school managed to survive the
2381:, he was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered for treason and refused pardon in return for swearing the
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17168:
17131:
16509:
16128:
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15755:
15314:
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13291:
13060:. Biblioteca di bibliografia – Documents and Studies in Book and Library History, vol. 205. Florence: Olschki.
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Between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, the teaching of science in Jesuit schools, as laid down in the
4763:
3768:
3013:
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1326:
1112:. Paul III's bull had limited the number of its members to sixty. This limitation was removed through the bull
862:
established missions around the world from the 16th to the 18th century and had both successes and failures in
657:
13751:
11630:
10120:
9754:
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in the 1580s. The first Jesuits arrived in Asunción in 1588 and founded their first mission (or reduction) of
2975:
2444:, 208 years after its foundation by Wolfe. Morony then went to live in Dublin and worked as a secular priest.
1573:. For instance, early missions in Japan resulted in the government granting the Jesuits the feudal fiefdom of
16804:
16383:
16358:
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15406:
14658:
14623:
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The Renewed, The Destroyed, and the Remade: The Three Thought Worlds of the Iroquois and the Huron, 1609–1650
10529:
9785:
6654:
6629:"Documents of the Jesuits and of Michael de Villanueva (Servetus) in the register of the University of Paris"
3583:
2855:
2817:
2566:
2266:. He was charged with setting up grammar schools "as a remedy against the profound ignorance of the people".
1926:
1678:
1103:
1082:
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for an interim to oversee "the authentic renewal of the Church", instead of the progressive American priest
2954:
2800:
17408:
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16363:
16353:
15809:
15522:
15493:
15477:
15385:
15374:
15274:
15155:
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12939:
11715:
8192:
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3962:, Georgia, United States, where several of the assassins had been trained under US government sponsorship.
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natives, who had previously fought the Portuguese. The Jesuits took part in the foundation of the city of
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15482:
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12986:. Area Handbook Series (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1–49.
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Corona mexicana, o historia de los Motezumas, por el Padre Diego Luis de Motezuma de la Compañía de Jesús
5867:
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5068:
Although in the first 30 years of the existence of the Society of Jesus there were many Jesuits who were
4756:
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1031:, a partner or comrade. From this came "Society of Jesus" (SJ) by which they would be known more widely.
14451:
12004:
7294:"Global Science and Comparative History: Jesuits, Science, and Philology in China and Europe, 1550–1850"
5745:
2326:
highly detailed report of the curriculum taught and the top class studied the first and second parts of
16818:
15843:
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15331:
15285:
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5493:, educators, scientists, artists, philosophers, and a pope. Among many distinguished early Jesuits was
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and other monastic orders, Jesuit accommodation of Chinese culture and rituals led to the long-running
2112:
1627:
1395:
The retreat follows a "Purgative-Illuminative-Unitive" pattern in the tradition of the spirituality of
1259:
1100:
reported favourably upon the Constitution presented, and Paul III confirmed the order through the bull
951:
771:
619:
11098:
11064:
10963:
10881:"El Estatuto de Limpieza de Sangre de la Compañía de Jesús (1593) y su influencia en el Perú Colonial"
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3812:
Catholic defence alliance. The ban was lifted on 20 May 1973, when 54.9 per cent of voters accepted a
17393:
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Catholic Higher Education in Protestant America: The Jesuits and Harvard in the Age of the University
11543:
11163:
11030:
11025:
10997:
8633:
6272:
6099:
6094:
is an international journal of contemporary Christian spirituality published by the British Jesuits.
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5484:
5335:
5098:
Within the Catholic Church, there has existed a sometimes tense relationship between Jesuits and the
5049:
5041:
4540:
and black clothing of diocesan priests while most Jesuits in Europe are dressed in civilian clothes.
4029:
3899:, a movement that was controversial in the Catholic community after the negative assessment of it by
3730:
3514:
3480:
2873:
2456:
2159:
1276:, favored the order and she is reputed to have been admitted surreptitiously under a male pseudonym.
650:
401:
13535:
12094:
8955:"A Catechetical Primer on the Life, Martyrdom and Glorification of Blessed Pedro Calungsod – Part 1"
5993:.) They also run elementary schools at which they are less likely to teach. Many of the schools are
2604:, have a First Nations reserve in Quebec, Canada, and three major settlements in the United States.
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16285:
15802:
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states the book is a forgery, fabricated to ascribe a sinister reputation to the Society of Jesus.
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3939:
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2067:
1981:
1792:
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1522:
1322:
124:
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11743:. Translated by Allan P. Farrell. Conference of Major Supporters of Jesuits. 1970 . Archived from
9365:
6537:
4337:
The Superior General meets more regularly with smaller councils composed of just the provincials.
2301:
Latin into English for this purpose. They remained in the city for eight months, before moving to
1475:
as well as in music. The theater was a form of expression especially prominent in Jesuit schools.
1392:
who guides their choice of exercises and helps them to develop a more discerning love for Christ.
1147:
A fresco depicting Ignatius receiving the papal bull from Pope Paul III was created after 1743 by
1096:
Again in 1540, they presented the project to Paul III. After months of dispute, a congregation of
17005:
16328:
16184:
15911:
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15173:
14904:
14814:
13307:
13297:
13265:
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12309:
The Jesuits, 1534–1921: A History of the Society of Jesus from Its Foundation to the Present Time
12262:
12240:
11902:
10326:
9937:
9595:
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The Church of the Gesu in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US, is the school church of Marquette University.
5565:
5310:(1896–1968) of Belgium, Jean Fleury (1905–1982) of France, Emile Gessler (1891–1958) of Belgium,
4855:
4807:
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3586:, brought the first group of Jesuits to the colony. The Jesuits were officially supported by the
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by the Jesuits. It has been suggested that the experience of suppression had served to heighten
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had forbidden its promulgation. Because millions of Catholics (including many Jesuits) lived in
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entered the Company. Ignatius sent him to Messina, where he founded the first Jesuit college in
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St. Francis Xavier College Church in the Saint Louis University campus, St. Louis, Missouri, US
5799:
Holy Name of Jesus Church in the Loyola University New Orleans campus, New Orleans Louisiana US
5311:
4708:
4703:
4603:. In other parts of Europe, slaves were probably employed in Jesuit schools and institutions.
4593:
4521:, called a "soutane" is similar to a robe which is wrapped around the body and was tied with a
4054:
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3825:
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brought by the Jesuits coincided with a time when scientific innovation had declined in China:
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Making the New World their own: Chinese encounters with Jesuit science in the age of discovery
11318:
11312:
11279:"Pope Francis names Luis Ladaria as new prefect of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith"
9900:"Dominican Master urges Jesuits to adopt 'audacity and humility' in electing Superior General"
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as the new superior general on 19 January 2008. In a letter to the order, Benedict XVI wrote:
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arrived in Quebec in 1625. Lalemant is considered to have been the first author of one of the
17176:
16695:
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16393:
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13252:
Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond, 1540–1750
12929:
12678:. Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions. Vol. 146. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
12502:
12353:
Cline, Sarah L. (1997). "Church and State: Habsburg New Spain". In Werner, Michael S. (ed.).
11314:
Oeuvres completes de Voltaire, avec des notes et une notice historique sur la vie de Voltaire
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3341:(1759–88) expelled the Jesuits from the Americas. The expulsion was part of an effort in the
3267:
2914:, who were founded as an order embracing poverty, did not accumulate real estate, unlike the
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on the purpose of life and contemplations on the life of Christ. They meet regularly with a
954:, to pronounce promises of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Ignatius' six companions were:
828:
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5578:
was a 17th-century Spanish Jesuit and baroque prose writer and philosopher. He was born in
5560:
is renowned in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (an area then called the
5544:
was notable for his mission to African slaves, building on the work of Alonso de Sandoval.
5502:
5411:
5356:
5319:
5031:
4693:
4562:
4129:
4098:
4049:, and the right of life for the unborn. Following his resignation, Reese spent a year-long
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characterizes much of the ornate decoration, especially in the interior walls; finally the
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2003:
1934:
1893:
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Archives of Jezuïeten – Belgische (1832–1935) En Vlaamse (1935–) Provincie. 16de Eeuw–2012
12511:
11671:
yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4042826 Fleury Jean (1905–1982)
9622:"Address of his Holiness Benedict XVI to the Fathers and Brothers of the Society of Jesus"
9300:
9255:
The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867
8914:
8417:"The Western Margins of Amazonia from the Early Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century"
6571:
5510:
3931:
3598:
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In 1637, the Jesuits Gaspar Cugia and Lucas de la Cueva from Quito began establishing the
1762:
1717:
8:
16976:
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9930:"The first session in the aula and Father Nicolás' resignation – General Congregation 36"
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granted formal permission for the continuation of the society in Russia and Poland, with
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3114:
3103:
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2668:
2619:
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2501:
2351:
2070:
of the 16th and 17th centuries introduced Western science and astronomy, then undergoing
2026:
2022:
1876:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:, "Vocabulary of the Japanese Language", a Japanese–Portuguese dictionary written 1603);
1725:
1514:
1483:
1460:, and thereby became important centres for the training of lawyers and public officials.
1362:
939:
931:
848:
810:
599:
584:
490:
333:
213:
14505:
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13600:
11744:
9335:
9202:"Silencing Genocide: The Jesuit Ministry in Colonial Cartagena de Indias and its Legacy"
6477:
5851:
is at the heart of Santa Clara University's historic campus Santa Clara, California, US.
5575:
5506:
5497:, a missionary to Asia who converted more people to Catholicism than anyone before, and
5102:, due to questioning of official church teaching and papal directives, such as those on
4525:, rather than the customary buttoned front cassock worn by diocesan priests. A tuftless
3445:
2642:
2565:
decided that the missionaries among the Hurons needed a local residence and established
1766:
1713:
926:
On 15 August 1534, Ignatius of Loyola (born Íñigo López de Loyola), a Spaniard from the
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Các nhà truyền giáo Bồ Đào Nha và thời kỳ đầu của Giáo hội Công giáo Việt Nam (Quyển 1)
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Missio Moscovitica: The Role of the Jesuits in the Westernization of Russia, 1582–1689
13183:
12732:. Monumenta Serica Monograph Series. Vol. 33. Nettetal, Germany: Steyler Verlag.
12289:
The First America: Spanish Monarchs, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867
12026:
10408:"Father Sosa: Attacks against Pope Francis are aimed at influencing the next conclave"
5760:
Christ the King Church in the Ateneo de Naga University campus, Naga City, Philippines
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to be installed in Goa to combat heresies like crypto-Judaism and crypto-Islam. Under
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Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 5: Quellen, Glossar, Biogramme, Gesamtregister
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12558:
12540:
12482:
12458:
12436:
12386:
12358:
12339:
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12307:
12292:
12270:
12248:
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11573:
11517:
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9034:
8884:"Today in Philippine history: 16 September 1635, Father Pedro Chirino died in Manila"
8764:
8720:
8601:
8546:
8521:
8469:
8432:
8247:
7606:
7541:
7485:
7410:
7313:
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7200:
Les missionnaires portugais et les débuts de l'Eglise catholique au Viêt-nam (Tome 1)
7152:
7055:
7045:
6947:
6935:
6860:
6648:
6361:"Society of Jesus (Institute of Consecrated Life – Men) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
6247:
6052:
5934:
5498:
4977:. Under questioning, Châtel revealed that he had been educated by the Jesuits of the
4629:
4600:
4599:
In the 16th century, Jesuits were also complicit in the Portuguese trade in enslaved
4570:
4327:
4216:
4094:
4087:
4013:
3923:
whom Arrupe had preferred. In 1983 John Paul gave leave for the Jesuits to appoint a
3900:
3884:" and drafted what eventually became the council's endorsement of religious freedom,
3680:
3286:
In addition to recurrent epidemics, the Guaraní were threatened by the slave-raiding
2247:
2048:
1938:
1880:
1694:
1682:
1165:
1059:
1035:
569:
17272:
13010:. Translated by von Germeten, Nicole. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co.
10223:
9990:"How the Jesuits' four new universal apostolic priorities support social enterprise"
5529:
5226:
4555:
4171:
4133:
3071:
2638:, assumed the task of allocating the funds to suitable recipients, chiefly schools.
1047:
16824:
16629:
16609:
16529:
16514:
16413:
16315:
16189:
16029:
15987:
15982:
15962:
15945:
15858:
15617:
15379:
15342:
Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
14554:
14388:
14332:
14241:
14143:
14115:
14027:
13938:
13814:
Letter of the Jesuit Social Justice Secretariat to the leaders of the G8, July 2005
13235:
God's Soldiers: Adventure, Politics, Intrigue & Power: A History of the Jesuits
12223:
God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science
12193:
10682:
10534:
10412:
9213:
8812:
8804:
8676:
8461:
8424:
7781:
7743:
7644:
7305:
6852:
6499:
6292:
5903:
5569:
5435:
4802:
4581:
4270:
4090:, he intended to step down as superior general in 2008, the year he would turn 80.
3985:
3843:
3837:
3773:, he reversed the suppression of the society, and therewith another Polish Jesuit,
3750:
3633:
3537:
3413:
3404:
2907:
2593:
2578:
2570:
2555:
2522:
2382:
2311:
2289:
2270:
2207:
2186:
2155:
2120:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2052:
2018:
1750:
1619:
1490:
in common) allowed them to be flexible and meet diverse needs arising at the time.
1358:
1115:
979:
967:
935:
868:
779:
704:
594:
589:
197:
156:
14512:
14178:
13132:
God's Soldiers: Adventure, Politics, Intrigue, and Power: A History of the Jesuits
10640:"Antoine Lavalette, Slave Murderer: A Forgotten Scandal of the French West Indies"
10113:"The Jesuit Community at JST – Jesuit School of Theology – Santa Clara University"
10060:
8428:
7793:
7755:
7656:
7174:"Bồ Đào Nha và công trình sáng chế chữ quốc ngữ: Phải chăng cần viết lại lịch sử?"
3617:. Nóbrega and Anchieta were instrumental in the defeat of the French colonists of
3591:
3579:
3563:
on a commemorative Portuguese stamp of the 400th anniversary of the foundation of
3353:
The Jesuits were among the original five Catholic religious orders, alongside the
2509:. Champlain believed that these had souls to be saved, so in 1614 he obtained the
1034:
Religious orders established in the medieval era were named after particular men:
17243:
17156:
17141:
16882:
16849:
16793:
16787:
16644:
16549:
16453:
16265:
15759:
15724:
15611:
15179:
14880:
14547:
14325:
14283:
14276:
14051:
14036:
13924:
13912:
13851:
13832:
13825:
13820:
13791:
13779:
13561:
13550:
13539:
13528:
13371:
13269:
13238:
13214:
13130:
12898:
12776:
12695:
Church and State in Latin America: A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical Relations
12578:
11677:
11658:
11609:
11120:
8465:
7535:
7479:
7396:
6925:
6908:
6773:
6147:
6137:
5474:
5303:
5135:
5009:
4537:
4112:
4024:
3998:
3606:
3541:
3472:
3362:
3342:
3294:
or as concubines and household servants. Having depleted native populations near
3179:
3066:, with not only dense indigenous populations but also huge deposits of silver at
2919:
2785:
2746:
2678:. Today, there are four Jesuit provinces operating in the United States: the USA
2562:
2370:
2210:
2202:
and Bishop Charles Maigrot of Fujian, tasked with presenting this finding to the
2176:
2148:
2116:
1869:
1674:
1623:
1472:
1439:
1384:. During a four-week period of silence, individuals undergo a series of directed
1290:
783:
775:
530:
373:
193:
14917:
Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno
14748:
13854:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Nigel Aston, Simon Ditchfield & Olwen Hutton (
13166:
History of the Jesuit missions in India, China and Japan (Luis de Guzmán, 1601).
9098:
8416:
8199:. Montreal: Stewart Derbishire & George Desbarats. 1847. pp. 1483–1484.
7434:
7398:
The History of the Relations between the Low Countries and China in the Qing Era
5561:
5521:, a French missionary who was martyred during the 17th century in what was once
5234:
2667:, and (in Europe before 1773) its politically conservative role in the Catholic
1143:
146:
17151:
16945:
16770:
16564:
16539:
16503:
16443:
16436:
16431:
16421:
16275:
16260:
16199:
16075:
16065:
15821:
15701:
15354:
Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
14802:
14533:
14498:
14444:
14199:
14164:
14157:
14150:
14129:
14108:
13204:
To Overcome Oneself: The Jesuit Ethic and Spirit of Global Expansion, 1520–1767
12523:
12472:
12218:
12177:
10856:
The Jesuits: The Society of Jesus and the Betrayal of the Roman Catholic Church
9876:
8197:
The provincial statutes of Canada: anno undecimo et duodecimo Victoriae Reginae
7785:
7747:
7648:
6777:
6395:
6104:
6013:
5494:
5443:
5399:
5398:, by the eighteenth century the Jesuits had "contributed to the development of
5290:
5238:
5222:
5210:
5058:
The Jesuits: The Society of Jesus and the Betrayal of the Roman Catholic Church
5053:
5045:
4997:
4993:
4821:
4734:
4620:
4472:
3981:
3935:
3911:
3790:
3754:
3676:
3672:
3626:
3394:
3386:
3199:
3146:
3063:
2946:
2608:
2601:
2585:
2506:
2278:
2203:
2163:
2015:
Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese, or, Chinese Knowledge Explained in Latin
1946:
1914:
1774:
1670:
1607:
1601:
1449:
1400:
1251:
1124:
1086:
1070:
955:
863:
682:
579:
574:
559:
544:
287:
130:
58:
16138:
14262:
13718:
13413:
The Catholic Bishops of Europe and the Nazi Persecutions of Catholics and Jews
12950:(4). St. Louis, Missouri: American Assistancy Seminar on Jesuit Spirituality.
12056:
10687:
9527:"CGU Student Josh Harris to Spend Two Months in Federal Prison for Protesting"
8958:
8808:
8681:
7633:
7309:
5442:'s rings. They theorized about the circulation of the blood (independently of
5245:
to overthrow Hitler. Another non-military German Resistance group, dubbed the
4970:
3895:
In Latin America, the Jesuits had significant influence in the development of
2950:
2823:
2010:
17387:
16829:
16755:
16721:
16705:
16665:
16348:
16323:
16099:
16009:
15994:
15916:
15262:
14933:
14437:
14227:
14122:
12955:
12284:
12205:
12116:
10892:
9487:
9410:
9250:
9217:
8473:
7317:
7232:
7059:
5674:
5254:
5194:
5107:
5037:
5001:
3833:
3758:
3717:
The suppression was carried out on political grounds in all countries except
3425:
3207:
3203:
3142:
2760:
2437:
2366:
2334:
2310:
occasions, though he was warned to exercise prudence and avoid promoting the
1906:
1838:
1425:
1213:
1052:
1039:
832:
791:
245:
232:
35:
17014:
15545:
Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)
13844:
13785:
Benedict XVI's Visit to the Pontifical Gregorian University, 3 November 2006
13773:
Benedict XVI's Address to the Members of the Society of Jesus, 22 April 2006
13615:
Men astutely trained : a history of the Jesuits in the American century
13567:
Wright, Jonathan. "From Immolation to Restoration: The Jesuits, 1773–1814."
13543:
13390:
Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. "Jesuit Foreign Missions. A Historiographical Essay."
13385:
Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus & the State, c. 1540–1640
12847:. International Education Series. Vol. 2. New York: D. Appleton and Co.
7202:
2004 (in Vietnamese & French). Reichstett, France: Định Hướng Tùng Thư.
7181:
5556:
in 1767 and wrote an important history of Mexico during his exile in Italy.
4969:
The Jesuits were temporarily banished from France in 1594 after a man named
3808:
was modified and Jesuits were banished in 1848, following the defeat of the
3594:
to give them all the support needed to Christianize the indigenous peoples.
3571:
3495:
2725:. It is among the best-known churches in Quito because of its large central
2143:
thinkers, some of whom were intrigued by the Jesuits' attempts to reconcile
1365:
that would introduce reforms within the Catholic Church, and so counter the
1224:. The zeal of the Jesuits overcame the movement toward Protestantism in the
17146:
16939:
16814:
16670:
16634:
16373:
16295:
16139:
15885:
15880:
15875:
15863:
15268:
15185:
14996:
14956:
14832:
14826:
14491:
14471:
14304:
14185:
13103:
12826:
For Matters of Greater Moment:The First Thirty Jesuit General Congregations
12426:
12197:
11086:
10471:
9685:
9651:
9617:
7430:
6700:
6390:
6252:
6012:. Jesuit schools replaced classic theological instruction from people like
5977:
and secular schools, the Jesuits are the Catholic religious order with the
5636:
5557:
5541:
5490:
5462:
5352:
5265:
5166:
4985:
4741:
4493:
4163:
4154:
4118:
4072:
3966:
3951:
3907:
3738:
3668:
3354:
3290:
from Brazil, who captured natives and sold them as slaves to work in sugar
3287:
3274:
3262:
slaves of many. Franciscan missionaries began establishing missions called
3244:
3236:
3232:
3221:
3175:, which for academics became a fundamental reference on the Amazon region.
3138:
3124:
3099:
2962:
2915:
2263:
2259:
2196:
2181:
2171:
2144:
2092:
2037:
A map of the 200-odd Jesuit churches and missions established across China
1990:
1950:
1860:
in North America, many of them compiling dictionaries or glossaries of the
1647:
1526:
1417:
1396:
971:
920:
859:
802:
609:
554:
328:
17084:
13319:
The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context: Causes, Events, and Consequences
12537:
Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540–1630
12435:. The Story of Civilization. Vol. 7. New York: Simon & Schuster.
10208:
Canada and the United States only; not including Mexico and the Caribbean.
10090:
9847:"Five Years Later Changes under Pope Francis are Revealing his Jesuit DNA"
5514:
3614:
3564:
3295:
2420:
publicly from the pulpit of St. Mary's Cathedral on 4 occasions. Cardinal
2281:, a priest of the Diocese of Limerick, was persuaded to accept the vacant
2213:
for any violators of Clement's decree – upheld by the 1715
1788:
1770:
17136:
16740:
16569:
16544:
16519:
16492:
16479:
16388:
16290:
15977:
15697:
15504:
15250:
14886:
14856:
14850:
14519:
14360:
14311:
14220:
13976:
13399:
Inside the Jesuits: How Pope Francis is Changing the Church and the World
13359:
Grendler, Paul F. "Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773."
12554:
12422:
6626:
6197:
6110:
Manresa is a review of Ignatian spirituality published in Madrid, Spain.
6103:
magazine has long had a prominent place in Catholic intellectual circles
6021:
6017:
5642:
The Feast of All Jesuit Saints and Blesseds is celebrated on 5 November.
5427:
5246:
5230:
5206:
4817:
4607:
4476:
4464:
4453:
4314:
4302:
4277:
4183:
4179:
4103:
4093:
On 22 April 2006, the Feast of Our Lady, Mother of the Society of Jesus,
3943:
3916:
3801:
3688:
3684:
3622:
3506:
3385:
to Christianity, in which case, they were successful among the cities of
3358:
3291:
3191:
2911:
2448:
2378:
2347:
2343:
2219:
2104:
1810:
1570:
1412:
987:
604:
549:
422:
312:
136:
76:
13039:
Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories
12213:
Ashworth, William B. (1986). "Catholicism and Early Modern Science". In
11491:; 3rd ed. (1st English ed.); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p. 160
11463:; 3rd ed. (1st English ed.); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p. 33.
10739:
10723:
9506:
8817:
8756:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
8481:
7540:, Studies in Christian Mission, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, p. 115,
7325:
7293:
5430:. They observed, in some cases before anyone else, the colored bands on
3334:
16524:
16109:
15061:
15020:
15002:
14844:
14838:
14579:
14062:
13755:
10613:"The Society of Jesus in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions"
7512:
6217:
6202:
5626:
5522:
5458:
5415:
5403:
5387:
5364:
5295:
5201:
4624:(Secret Instructions of the Jesuits), published in 1612 and in 1614 in
4574:
4498:
4468:
4281:
4050:
4008:
3994:
3959:
3867:
3863:
3813:
3809:
3641:
3548:
and educational institutes training the country's intellectual elites.
3330:
3263:
3211:
3016: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2792:
adorns the Chapel of Saint Mariana de Jesús (in early years a winery).
2510:
2497:
2471:, in 1859 and also re-established a school at Galway in the same year.
2302:
2214:
2056:
1994:
1888:
1857:
1804:
1643:
1597:
1562:
1385:
1329: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1255:
1193:
1136:
1073:(24 June). They devoted themselves to preaching and charitable work in
1058:
In 1537, the seven travelled to Italy to seek papal approval for their
943:
12905:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 356–357.
10350:"American Jesuits Are in a Free Fall, and the Crisis is Getting Worse"
9323:
How the Pope Became Infallible: Pius IX and the Politics of Persuasion
8664:
6994:
6930:. Translated by Ganss, George E. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p.
3870:
areas and an increase in voluntary lay groups inspired in part by the
3540:. The Jesuits currently play a pivotal role in the nation-building of
2777:
1690:
39:
15677:
14950:
14353:
13485:
Jesuit on the Roof of the World: Ippolito Desideri's Mission to Tibet
11966:
7368:
6447:
5938:
5787:
St. John's Church in Creighton University campus, Omaha, Nebraska, US
5583:
5549:
5537:
5454:
5419:
5407:
5383:
5299:
5242:
5171:
5021:
4569:
slaves on their large plantations scattered throughout the Americas.
4530:
4310:
3786:
3194:. Between 1637 and 1652 there were 14 missions established along the
3081:
2836:
2730:
2500:
in the 17th century, Jesuits played an active role in North America.
2405:
2132:
1754:
1709:
1468:
1420:, the Jesuit plan of studies incorporated the Classical teachings of
1404:
1090:
795:
15455:
Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God
13901:
13190:
Jesuit Tradition in Education & Missions: A 450-Year Perspective
13008:
Treatise on Slavery: Selections from De Instauranda Aethiopum Salute
11408:
11249:"'Sala Stampa' style change: From toreador to low-key mathematician"
10616:
10020:"Pope Francis approves four priorities for the Jesuits' next decade"
9721:"To the Fathers of the General Congregation of the Society of Jesus"
9129:"Ateneo overtakes UP as top Philippine university in global ranking"
6807:"St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Development of the Society of Jesus"
5340:
5289:
In his history of the heroes of the Holocaust, the Jewish historian
4644:
Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church
4625:
3644:), where the natives worked for the community and were evangelised.
3640:
in 1595. The Jesuits often gathered the natives in communities (the
3302:
3067:
2991:
2812:
1868:
languages they had learned. For instance, before his death in 1708,
1784:
1304:
17361:
16983:
16338:
16092:
16080:
15708:
14797:
14732:
13136:. New York: Doubleday Religious Publishing Group (published 2005).
11622:
11331:
11308:
10814:
10777:
6172:
6113:
In Australia, the Jesuits produce a number of magazines, including
6061:
5139:
5103:
5099:
5074:(Catholic-convert Jews and Muslims and their descendants), an anti-
5070:
4585:
4522:
4086:
informed members of the Society of Jesus that, with the consent of
3491:
3460:
3374:
3315:
2859:
2784:) influence is seen in the geometrical figures on the pillars; the
2615:
2574:
2251:
2243:
2192:
1969:
1873:
1842:
1746:
1729:
1698:
1583:
1457:
1373:
1250:
The Society of Jesus is classified among institutes as an order of
1209:
1201:
1189:
1185:
999:
906:
635:
13746:
13554:
13492:
Harvest of Hope: Jesuit Collegiate Education in England, 1794–1914
8210:
Meehan, Peter; Thériault, Michel; Cooper, Celine (26 April 2019).
5138:
was one among various persecutions that Jesuits were involved in.
5063:
4610:. "Enslaved people...were a captive audience for evangelization."
4467:. The society is characterized by its ministries in the fields of
4205:
To accompany young people in the creation of a hope-filled future;
2974:
The Jesuits were allowed to return to Mexico in 1840 when General
1986:
1741:. Together throughout South America but especially in present-day
888:
16999:
16595:
16209:
15831:
13521:
Religious Orders as Transnational Networks of the Catholic Church
13440:
O'Malley, John. "The Society of Jesus." in R. Po-chia Hsia, ed.,
13286:, Special Edition Published 1997 by Loyola University Press, US.
10724:"From Expulsion to Restoration: The Jesuits in Crisis, 1759–1814"
9690:"Visit of the Holy Father to the Pontifical Gregorian University"
7807:
7505:
Von Collani, Claudia (2009), "Biography of Charles Maigrot MEP",
6604:. Atlanta, Georgia: Ignatius House Retreat Center. Archived from
5699:
5540:
with important material on indigenous peoples. In South America,
5431:
5175:
4526:
4518:
3718:
3637:
3437:
3370:
3225:
2945:
wrote an important history of Mexico while in Italy, a basis for
2773:
2772:
incorporated elements of four architectural styles, although the
2734:
2531:, which chronicled their evangelization during the 17th century.
2359:
2355:
2239:
1965:
1800:
1738:
1587:
1557:
1284:
1229:
1205:
1200:, founding missions in widely diverse regions such as modern-day
1152:
902:
31:
12697:(2nd ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
7698:
7696:
7694:
6474:"africa.reuters.com, Spaniard becomes Jesuits' new 'black pope'"
5985:
in 40 countries and 324 secondary schools in 55 countries. (The
5461:, and geography". The Society of Jesus introduced, according to
3166:
3095:
2485:
821:, is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the
16761:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
16204:
16114:
16019:
15597:
Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
13734:
13340:
Ignatius of Loyola, Founder of the Jesuits: His Life & Work
12245:
Art on the Jesuit Missions in Asia and Latin America, 1542–1773
8793:"Missionaries and Commanders: The Jesuits in Mindanao, 1718–68"
8094:
8092:
5587:
5439:
5423:
5213:
that operated within Nazi Germany was executed in February 1945
4132:
of the Society of Jesus convened on 5 January 2008 and elected
4058:
3762:
3722:
3398:
3390:
2958:
2889:
2597:
2539:
2409:
2136:
1998:
1961:
1769:
founded several towns in Brazil in the 16th century, including
1742:
1591:
1464:
1403:. Ignatius' innovation was to make this style of contemplative
1197:
1128:
1066:
746:
719:
12516:
The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Present Day
12267:
Between Renaissance and Baroque: Jesuit Art in Rome, 1565–1610
9266:
6325:
and, by extension, any person with Jewish or Muslim ancestry,
5453:
of the 16th and 17th centuries introduced Western science and
5371:
or Prime Minister of State, and his granddaughter Candide Hiu.
3683:, the society's defender. On 21 July 1773 his successor, Pope
1964:
alone, with three other places of worship remaining extant in
716:
384:
14009:
13435:
Jesuit Mind. The Mentality of an Elite in Early Modern France
12891:
Crime and Punishment: The Colonial Period to the New Frontier
11996:
11420:
11396:
11384:
9269:
Jesuit Survival and Restoration, A Global History (1773–1900)
7691:
6780:, Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies, accessed 31 May 2021
6069:
6031:
Jesuit educational institutions aim to promote the values of
6005:
5886:
the Church of the Gesu, Philadelphia is the school church of
5695:
5639:
on 13 March 2013 and is the first Jesuit to be elected pope.
5629:
5348:
5012:, managed to escape arrest for his involvement in this plot.
4480:
4261:
whereby one develops a facility to "find God in all things".
4002:
3757:
until 1805, all elected locally as Temporary Vicars General.
3745:
elected superior of the province in 1782. He was followed by
3529:
3433:
3382:
3378:
3301:
Beginning in 1631, the Jesuits moved their missions from the
3134:
2893:
2722:
2128:
1953:, and many others. A number of them were canonized among the
1686:
1635:
1445:
1433:
1170:
1074:
991:
983:
963:
818:
504:
217:
172:
17268:
Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe
13506:
Vision Betrayed: The Jesuits in Japan & China, 1542–1742
13041:. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Berlin: Springer.
12611:
A Jesuit Hacienda in Colonial Mexico: Santa Lucía, 1576–1767
12583:
The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope
11466:
8596:. The Story of Civilization. Simon & Schuster. pp.
8520:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 6–7, 20–28.
8089:
8065:
8041:
6355:
6353:
6351:
5122:
was Secretary and later, under Pope Francis, Prefect of the
2941:
were taken over by other orders. Exiled Mexican-born Jesuit
2191:
ruled that such behavior constituted impermissible forms of
14462:
13883:"Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu – Jesuit Archive in Rome"
13590:
Soldiers of God: The Jesuits in Colonial America, 1565–1767
13259:
Journey to the East: The Jesuit Mission to China, 1579–1724
12807:
The Jesuits II: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540–1773
12701:
12560:
Richter's Scale: Measure of an Earthquake, Measure of a Man
11372:
9592:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
9512:
9257:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991, pp. 453–458.
8423:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–226.
8421:
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas
8396:
6518:
5670:
5533:
5185:
The Superior General of Jesuits at the outbreak of war was
4483:. In the United States the Jesuits have historical ties to
4077:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
4038:
3556:
3476:
3448:, chronicled the history of the Venice of the Visayas, the
2738:
2726:
2262:
with the concurrence of the third Jesuit superior general,
1841:(the main language of Brazil); and the pioneering study of
1579:
1221:
1217:
840:
743:
740:
713:
417:
179:
71:
13930:
13347:
Ignatius Loyola: A Biography of the Founder of the Jesuits
13326:
With Pen & Tongue: The Jesuits in Australia, 1865–1939
12864:
Windows into China: The Jesuits and their Books, 1580–1730
11494:
8696:
8564:
8562:
8493:
8491:
7537:
China's Christianity: From Missionary to Indigenous Church
7151:(in English and French). Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press.
4317:. The central staff of the General is known as the Curia.
3866:
focus on the establishment of Jesuit secondary schools in
3828:
from 1814, a relic from the earlier anti-Catholic laws of
3667:. The suppression of the Jesuits in Portugal, France, the
3044:
2766:
Over the 160 years of its construction, the architects of
1720:, the first Jesuit that Ignacio de Loyola sent to America.
737:
710:
17419:
Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century
16650:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
13862:
13532:
13110:. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing (published 2012).
12086:
10935:
9181:
9075:
Histoire des Francs-Maçons en France: De 1815 à nos jours
8360:
8276:
8274:
8272:
8270:
6910:
Constitutiones Societatis Iesu: cum earum declarationibus
6783:
6545:
6348:
5615:, a Jesuit, is the nation's only post-Reformation saint.
5517:, Brazil, were Jesuit priests. Another famous Jesuit was
3636:
language was compiled by José de Anchieta and printed in
2365:
In 1571, after Wolfe had been captured and imprisoned at
1753:". These were societies set up according to an idealized
1615:
722:
13006:
Sandoval, Alonso de (2008). Von Germeten, Nicole (ed.).
12402:
After The Fire: Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Since 1649
11822:
11774:
11441:
10288:"Nineteen Sixty-four: By the Numbers: Jesuit Demography"
10149:
9816:"Vatican, Argentine church to open 'dirty war' archives"
8109:
8107:
6732:
6730:
5621:
was one of the first English poets to use sprung verse.
5090:" became common across Early Modern Spain and Portugal.
5024:
to obtain justifications for unjustifiable actions (cf.
3601:, Juan de Azpilcueta Navarro, Leonardo Nunes, and later
2816:
Main altar of the Jesuit colegio in Tepozotlan, now the
2618:, and Ottawa without establishing new posts. During the
1749:, they formed Indigenous Christian city-states, called "
13458:
The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century
12901:(2006). "Jesuits, The". In Blamires, Cyprian P. (ed.).
12659:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
11360:
11348:
10923:
8734:
8559:
8545:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 44–53.
8488:
8053:
7021:
7009:
6747:
6745:
4588:
and other states supported Jesuit institutions such as
4147:
Address to the 32nd General Congregation of the Jesuits
2550:. In 1632, Quebec was returned to the French under the
1917:
was to establish places for training priests. After an
1701:
ideas and establish the truth of Catholic Christianity.
13927:
Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies. Boston College.
13905:
12782:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
12730:
The Chinese Rites Controversy: Its History and Meaning
12355:
Encyclopedia of Mexico: History, Society & Culture
11786:
10836:
10824:
8372:
8310:
8267:
7912:
The Diocese of Limerick in the 16th and 17th Centuries
7405:, Vol. XIV, Leuven: Leuven University Press, pp.
7393:"François Noël, SJ, and the Chinese Rites Controversy"
6955:
6880:
6813:. The Cathedral Foundation. p. 12. Archived from
6715:
6661:
6038:
5922:
in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, church and cultural venue
5278:
4065:
in Washington, D.C., and later senior analyst for the
2659:
In the United States, the order is best known for its
2292:, operated in difficult circumstances. In April 1566,
1808:
1665:
founded a mission in Western Tibet in 1624 (see also "
16681:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
13643:
Jesuit Writings of the Early Modern Period: 1540–1640
13449:
Saints or Devils Incarnate? Studies in Jesuit History
13180:
Jesuits: History & Legend of the Society of Jesus
13098:(MA thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara.
13096:
The Jesuit and Franciscan Missions in Baja California
12801: (2006). "Introduction". In O'Malley, John W.;
12563:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
12357:. Vol. 1. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
12142:
11810:
11798:
10911:
10583:"Habit and dress::Society of Jesus - ::concepts"
10440:"Jesuit universities slowly losing Jesuit presidents"
8543:
The Guarani Under Spanish Rule in the Rio de la Plata
8384:
8243:"West Coast Jesuits forming new province - gradually"
8209:
8173:
8161:
8149:
8104:
8077:
7961:
The Diocese of Limerick from 1691 to the Present Time
7439:
Tiānzhŭ Shíyì, The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven
6727:
5525:(in the portion of which, is now Ontario) in Canada.
4988:, one of the leading English Jesuits, was hanged for
4509:
Jesuits do not have an official habit. The society's
3956:
Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation
3401:
eventually became the capital of the Spanish colony.
2953:
also wrote an important text on Mexican history that
1590:; as early as 1603, there were 345 Jesuit priests in
1042:, later canonized as Saint Dominic (Dominicans); and
875:
in 1773. In 1814, the Church lifted the suppression.
755:
728:
15500:
Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
13428:
Mercurian Project: Forming Jesuit Culture: 1573–1580
12828:. St. Louis, Missouri: Institute of Jesuit Sources.
11842:"November 5: Feast of all Jesuit Saints and Blessed"
11762:
9024:– Preface". R.P. Garcia Publishing Co., Quezon City.
8335:
8298:
8017:
7580:
7356:
6848:
The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction
6742:
6673:
6168:
4996:(1605). The Plot was the attempted assassination of
4580:
In the United States, tobacco plantations utilizing
4174:
praised Pope Francis as a "brother among brothers".
4162:
In 2013, the Jesuit cardinal Jorge Bergoglio became
3318:
called the Jesuit missions "a triumph of humanity".
2858:. Those same elite families hoped that a son with a
1654:
from Portuguese territories in 1759 by the powerful
725:
15222:
Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
14869:
Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
13687:
Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 4: 1945–1983
13681:
Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 3: 1917–1945
13675:
Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 2: 1872–1917
13657:
Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 1: 1814–1872
13221:
The Jesuits: A History from Ignatius to the Present
10758:
9822:. Associated Press. 25 October 2016. Archived from
8029:
8005:
7993:
7721:(1913), Vol. 11 Edmund O'Donnell by Charles McNeill
7484:, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, pp. 256–262,
7213:
7098:. Philadelphia : Hardy and Mahony. p. 244
6448:"News on the elections of the new Superior General"
4195:To show the way to God through discernment and the
3459:The Jesuits also established the first missions in
1829:, which was later formalized by Avignon missionary
734:
707:
15754:
15461:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
13906:ODIS – Online Database for Intermediary Structures
13312:Saint Ignatius Loyola: The Pilgrim Years 1491–1538
13129:
13108:How The Catholic Church Built Western Civilization
12933:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
12775:
12748:
12706:; Zulehner, Paul M.; Wickens, Henry, eds. (2000).
12506:. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
12410:
11570:The Righteous – The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust
11187:"Jesuit General: Liberation Theology 'Courageous'"
9159:"Ateneo overtakes UP in World University Rankings"
8589:
8286:
7780:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
7769:
7742:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
7731:
7670:
7632:
6967:
6923:
5635:Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio of Argentina was elected
4536:Today, most Jesuits in the United States wear the
4437:As of 2012, the Jesuits formed the largest single
3070:. A major figure in the first wave of Jesuits was
2968:Corona mexicana, o Historia de los nueve Motezumas
27:Male religious congregation of the Catholic Church
15607:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
14778:
13826:The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola
13408:. St Louis, MO: Institute of Jesuit Sources 2009.
12982:. In Hanratty, Dennis M.; Meditz, Sandra (eds.).
12856:. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario: The Martyrs' Shrine.
12385:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
12383:The Bicentennial History of Georgetown University
12338:. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
11591:The Righteous: the Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust
9755:"To understand Pope Francis, look to the Jesuits"
9748:
9746:
9077:. Vol. 2. Privately published. p. 200.
9033:
8996:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
7634:"Entry for David Wolfe SJ by Thomas Morrissey SJ"
7344:
6028:which was a very controversial move at the time.
5264:Among the Jesuit victims of the Nazis, Germany's
5241:, ended the war on death row for his role in the
5191:Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland
5042:Concise Oxford Dictionary of the English language
5004:aristocracy in a single attack, by exploding the
3876:. Among the notable Jesuits of the 20th century,
3172:Nuevo Descubrimiento del gran rio de las Amazonas
2831:(1731–1787) wrote an important history of Mexico.
2632:Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec
1777:, and were very influential in the pacification,
786:headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by
17414:Religious organizations established in the 1540s
17385:
16751:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
15624:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods
15511:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament
14652:International Association of Jesuit Universities
13499:East Meets West: The Jesuits in China, 1582–1773
12710:. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
11872:"How Vatican II Helped the Jesuits Do Their Job"
10821:, archived from the original on 5 February 2012,
10377:"Twenty-Eight Jesuit Novices Profess First Vows"
10325:. Jesuit Asia Pacific Conference. Archived from
8719:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 278.
8451:
5377:Ratio atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Iesu
5285:Rescue of Jews by Catholics during the Holocaust
4149:, 3 December 1974; ORE, 12 December, n. 2, p. 4.
4027:, editor of the American Jesuit weekly magazine
2489:Bressani map of 1657 depicting the martyrdom of
1650:. Jesuit efforts in Goa were interrupted by the
946:outside Paris, in a crypt beneath the church of
15472:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
13659:Münster: Aschendorff Verlag, 2013. XXX, 274 S.
13354:Jesuits in England from 1580 to the Present Day
12805:; Harris, Steven J.; Kennedy, T. Frank (eds.).
12399:
10175:"The Society of Jesus in Numbers, 2022 Edition"
10143:"General Congregation: purpose, delegates, ..."
9267:Maryks, Robert; Wright, Jonathan, eds. (2015).
8952:
8622:the preceding paragraph is based on pp. 249–250
8098:
8071:
8047:
7771:"Entry for Edmund Daniel SJ by Stephen Redmond"
7733:"Entry for William Good SJ by Thomas McCoog SJ"
6635:. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014
6627:Francisco Javier Benjamín González Echeverría.
5064:Exclusion of those of Jewish or Muslim ancestry
3613:, the settlement that gave rise to the city of
3282:mission in Paraguay, founded by Jesuits in 1706
2614:By 1700, Jesuits turned to maintaining Quebec,
2404:, records the suppression of Jesuit schools at
1693:(1716–21) and gained an exceptional mastery of
17260:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia
15365:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception
13599:(3 vol 1938) covers Midwest from 1800 to 1919
13264:
12404:. Elmvale, Ontario: East Georgian Bay Company.
12400:Delaney, Paul J.; Nicholls, Andrew D. (1989).
11489:The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945
11461:The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945
10721:
10323:"Changing to best serve the universal mission"
9743:
9446:"Eulogy for His Eminence Cardinal Paolo Dezza"
7071:
7069:
6811:L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English
6072:, the main Jesuit shrine in the birthplace of
4208:To collaborate in the care of our Common Home.
3651:
3153:until it was transferred to the newly created
2297:recovered due to the kindness of the people.
1937:, founded in 1896, has been a presence within
1216:from spreading and to preserve communion with
801:The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the
17044:
17030:
15740:
14764:
13946:
13361:Brill Research Perspectives in Jesuit Studies
13317:Burson, Jeffrey D. and Jonathan Wright, eds.
11670:
10615:. Jesuit.org. 19 January 2008. Archived from
10405:
8497:
6296:
6146:that describes their international work (the
5645:
5600:("The Art of Prudence", 1647) were lauded by
4945:
3170:
3149:(high court) of Quito that was a part of the
3118:
3109:To minister to newly arrived African slaves,
3075:
3049:
2966:
2901:
2866:
2841:
2767:
2750:
2716:
1949:of Campion Hall, as well as Brian Cansfield,
1816:
1013:
1007:
822:
658:
13809:The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan, 1591–1610
13766:
13497:Ronan, Charles E. and Bonnie B. C. Oh, eds.
12796:
12773:
12478:The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605
12421:
12376:. Vol. 2. Boston: Angel Guardian Press.
12225:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
9960:"Jesuits elect first Latin-American general"
9718:
9684:
9650:
9616:
9443:
9072:
8731:Edited by Michael Meyer and William Beezley.
8587:
7862:, Vol. 29, No. 116 (Dec., 1940), pp. 545–560
7714:
7712:
7643:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
7469:
7467:
7298:East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine
6789:
6524:
6268:Sexual abuse scandal in the Society of Jesus
6135:
6134:In Germany, the Jesuits publish the journal
5217:Several Jesuits were prominent in the small
5180:Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp
5029:
4288:
3123:(1627), describing how he and his assistant
2392:In 1604, the Lord President of Munster, Sir
2047:The Jesuits first entered China through the
2029:, and François de Rougemont at Paris in 1687
1525:. There might be a discussion about this on
15587:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary
15488:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima
15104:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word
12613:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
12528:The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation
10984:
8511:
8509:
7504:
7473:
7233:"Jesuits in Britain Timeline – Our history"
7066:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6767:Text of the Formula of the Institute (1540)
5965:
5249:by the Gestapo, included the Jesuit priest
4924:Bp. Edward J. Slattery § Illegal immigrants
4847:History of Christian thought on persecution
4214:
4110:
3885:
3766:
3708:
3691:
3605:, established the first Jesuit missions in
3190:region, close to the Spanish settlement of
3137:to explore and found missions in the upper
2981:
2856:Colegio de San Francisco Javier, Tepozotlan
2737:plaster and wood carvings. Inspired by two
2217:
2184:
1897:, published annually from 1632 until 1673.
1437:
1288:
1254:, that is, a body of priests organized for
1240:
1113:
1101:
1026:
1020:
1002:. The meeting has been commemorated in the
17037:
17023:
16766:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
16716:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
15747:
15733:
15192:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
14771:
14757:
13953:
13939:
13093:
12765:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
12455:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
11514:"Pontiff Praises a Bavarian Foe of Nazism"
10878:
10169:
10167:
9476:"Religion: John Paul Takes On the Jesuits"
9199:
8790:
8316:
7858:T. Corcoron, "Early Jesuit Educators", in
7078:The History of the Church in Latin America
6476:. Reuters. 9 February 2009. Archived from
5225:of the Resistance were the Jesuit priests
5124:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
5015:
4952:
4938:
4778:Church–state relations in Argentina § 2005
4326:the Jesuit provinces are grouped into six
4035:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
3731:the Polish provinces recently part-annexed
3521:and the French Freemasons assented to the
2892:, the alcoholic drink made from fermented
665:
651:
416:
17309:Apostolic Administration of Minsk-Mohilev
17100:Apostolic Prefecture of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk
13992:Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola
13055:
12627:
12539:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12457:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12374:Our church, her Children and Institutions
12333:
12291:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11593:; Holt Paperback; New York; 2004; Preface
11447:
11426:
11414:
11402:
11390:
11051:
10953:
10686:
10247:"The Statistics and a Tentative Analysis"
10047:
10045:
8979:
8816:
8680:
8059:
7709:
7630:
7464:
6927:The constitutions of the society of Jesus
6538:"Poverty and Chastity for Every Occasion"
6329:, from admission to the Society of Jesus.
6208:Canadian Indian residential school system
6153:In Sweden the Catholic cultural magazine
4973:tried to assassinate the king of France,
4881:Evo Morales and the Roman Catholic Church
4197:Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola
3930:On 16 November 1989, six Jesuit priests (
3880:was called one of the "architects of the
3145:from 1602 to 1610, which belonged to the
3032:Learn how and when to remove this message
2442:papal suppression of the Society of Jesus
1545:Learn how and when to remove this message
1493:
1357:The Jesuits were founded just before the
1345:Learn how and when to remove this message
1151:in the Church of Our Lady Of the Snow in
851:and, later, in the implementation of the
790:and six companions, with the approval of
15661:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls
15649:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart
15068:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux
14603:Superior General of the Society of Jesus
13430:(2004) (30 advanced essays by scholars).
13161:
13005:
12903:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia
12724:
12577:
12530:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12510:
12305:
12269:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
12247:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
12212:
11907:Conversations on Jesuit Higher Education
11828:
11780:
11627:The Righteous Among the Nations Database
11330:
11307:
11019:Rigali, Norbert J. (23 September 2000).
10776:
10499:"St. Aloysius College mission statement"
10245:Becker, Joseph M. (January–March 1977).
9783:
9558:"BC is leading the way on church reform"
9187:
8791:Crailsheim, Eberhard (18 January 2022).
8619:Paraguay founded solely on their powers.
8506:
8390:
8240:
7672:"Entry for David Wolfe SJ by Judy Barry"
7586:
7511:, Würzburg: Stochastikon, archived from
7092:"The American Catholic quarterly review"
7027:
7015:
6898:
6886:
6844:
6829:
6800:
6798:
6736:
6667:
6051:
5339:
5200:
5129:
5086:was repealed in 1946. Bylaws requiring "
4529:(only diocesan clergy wore tufts) and a
4224:
4186:, as its thirty-first superior general.
4153:
4007:
3570:
3555:
3403:
3273:
3216:
3117:. Sandoval wrote about this ministry in
3094:
3043:
2822:
2811:
2799:
2755:is one of the most significant works of
2484:
2338:looted by government agents sent by Sir
2162:. Despite the personal testimony of the
2135:" and had considerable influence on the
2032:
2009:
1985:
1783:
1703:
1681:, in Tibet, in 1661. The Italian Jesuit
1596:
1556:
1283:
1196:those peoples who had not yet heard the
1164:
1142:
887:
15602:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
14645:List of Jesuit educational institutions
13597:The Jesuits Of The Middle United States
13454:
13274:. Originally Published Longmans Green.
12897:
12842:
12823:
12654:
12604:. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
12599:
12283:
12182:Kaskaskia Illinois-to-French Dictionary
12176:
11378:
11366:
11354:
11340:(in French). chez Th. Desoer. pp.
10954:Kavanaugh, John F. (15 December 2008).
10929:
10879:Rosa, De La; Coello, Alexandre (1932).
10722:Whitehead, Maurice (Winter 2014–2015).
10668:
10406:O'Connell, Gerard (16 September 2019).
10217:
10164:
8740:
8669:The Hispanic American Historical Review
8568:
8515:
8402:
8378:
8280:
8179:
8167:
8155:
8113:
8083:
7777:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7739:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7640:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7219:
7171:
7146:
7039:
6961:
6762:
6760:
6721:
5972:List of Jesuit educational institutions
5849:Santa Clara University's Mission Church
3965:On 21 February 2001, the Jesuit priest
3436:and its war against Rajah Makatunao of
3224:'s 1707 map showing the Amazon and the
2285:, and was consecrated at Rome in 1564.
1411:The Jesuits' contributions to the late
1274:Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal
919:to help others follow the teachings of
817:. The headquarters of the society, its
522:List of Jesuit educational institutions
353:Missionary, educational, literary works
14:
17386:
15550:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy
15517:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
15467:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart
15397:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
13244:
13228:The Cambridge Companion to the Jesuits
13124:
13074:
13024:
12993:from the original on 26 September 2020
12944:Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits
12937:
12919:
12888:
12860:
12851:
12746:
12692:
12673:
12608:
12522:
12495:
12471:
12408:
12380:
12261:
12239:
11977:from the original on 29 September 2019
11900:
11792:
11500:
11472:
11246:
11215:
11184:
11153:
11085:
11018:
10941:
10917:
10842:
10830:
10764:
10527:
10467:"The New Brand of Jesuit Universities"
10420:from the original on 20 September 2019
10347:
10254:Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits
10244:
10042:
9752:
9700:from the original on 30 September 2007
9666:from the original on 30 September 2007
9632:from the original on 30 September 2007
9555:
9524:
9415:"The Case Against Liberation Theology"
9022:The Great Debate: The Rizal Retraction
8985:"Watch: Gomburza an NHCP Documentary"
8714:
8702:
8665:"Origins of the Rebellion of Paraguay"
8662:
8540:
8414:
8366:
8341:
8292:
8035:
8023:
8011:
7999:
7378:
7374:
7362:
7075:
6979:
6973:
6857:10.1093/actrade/9780199567416.003.0002
6243:List of saints of the Society of Jesus
5221:. Among the central membership of the
5093:
4886:Radio Maryja § Involvement in politics
4037:on articles touching subjects such as
3077:Historia natural y moral de las Indias
3051:Historia natural y moral de las Indias
2111:refined translations and disseminated
1925:was opened at Valladolid (1589), then
1852:Jesuit missionaries were active among
1444:(1599) would standardize the study of
17325:Apostolic Administration of Leningrad
17018:
17003:
15728:
15056:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
14752:
13934:
13869:from the original on 26 February 2011
13102:
13036:
12974:
12940:"St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jews"
12553:
12534:
12449:
12371:
12352:
12186:International Journal of Lexicography
11917:from the original on 16 February 2021
11816:
11804:
11768:
11119:
10990:"No to Abortion: Posture, Not Policy"
10887:. Institutum Societatis Iesu: 45–93.
10746:from the original on 3 September 2023
10542:from the original on 12 February 2018
10479:from the original on 12 February 2018
10464:
10320:
10030:from the original on 19 February 2019
9796:from the original on 19 December 2018
9409:
9346:from the original on 17 November 2015
9002:from the original on 27 February 2024
8925:from the original on 21 February 2024
8631:
8304:
8255:from the original on 13 November 2019
7899:Limerick; Its History and Antiquities
7886:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–1674
7847:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–1674
7834:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–1674
7449:from the original on 26 December 2017
7429:
7350:
7291:
6795:
6751:
6679:
5418:– to scientific fields as various as
4964:
4893:on the United States political system
4813:Society of Jesus § Political intrigue
4628:, is alleged to have been written by
4561:The Jesuits also participated in the
4001:, women's roles, and the role of the
3819:
3761:had resolved during his captivity in
3509:, who claimed responsibility for the
2174:was a nonreligious token of respect,
1960:Four Jesuit churches remain today in
1825:(Portuguese missionaries created the
15592:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
15582:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana
15417:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb
15412:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary
15204:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales
15144:Marians of the Immaculate Conception
15027:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
14911:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo
13442:A Companion to the Reformation World
13030:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
12312:. New York: The Encyclopedia Press.
11901:Howell, Patrick (1 September 2012).
11738:"The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599"
11550:from the original on 24 October 2013
11524:from the original on 14 October 2013
11218:"Glenn Beck and Liberation Theology"
11154:Zagano, Phyllis (17 February 2003).
10637:
10446:from the original on 16 October 2018
10285:
9857:from the original on 11 August 2023.
9844:
9456:from the original on 1 February 2020
9382:from the original on 9 February 2019
9169:from the original on 27 January 2024
9139:from the original on 30 October 2023
8854:"Moro Pirates' attacks worsen, 1634"
8588:Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (1961).
7873:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–167
7533:
7476:Couve de Murville, Maurice Noël Léon
7390:
7332:from the original on 8 November 2023
7263:"Parishes & Outreach – Our work"
6804:
6757:
6371:from the original on 23 January 2003
6298:todo el que quiera militar para Dios
5902:The Church of the Gesu in Frascati,
4903:Conscience clause in medicine in the
4849:and tolerance § The mid-20th-century
4709:Fourth vow § In the Society of Jesus
4346:Jesuits in the World – January 2022
4305:who was elected on 14 October 2016.
4247:, and most specially from Ignatius'
3505:The Jesuits largely discredited the
3416:suppressing Jesuits and closing the
3088:urged the Jesuits to evangelize the
3014:adding citations to reliable sources
2985:
2729:, which is profusely decorated with
2665:network of colleges and universities
2258:. Wolfe had been sent to Ireland by
2087:For over a century, Jesuits such as
1685:established a new Jesuit mission in
1610:, one of the original companions of
1497:
1327:adding citations to reliable sources
1298:
1004:Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre
17116:List of Catholic dioceses in Russia
16620:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
15370:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary
14045:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
13797:
13094:Van Handel, Robert Michael (1991).
13077:Handbook of Middle American Indians
12097:from the original on 1 October 2019
12007:from the original on 1 October 2019
10885:Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu
10703:from the original on 31 August 2023
10530:"Time Magazine on 'Men for Others'"
10387:from the original on 3 January 2020
10199:Including Mexico and the Caribbean.
10000:from the original on 2 January 2020
9910:from the original on 23 August 2017
9784:Anderson, Jon Lee (14 March 2013).
9765:from the original on 28 August 2016
9588:"Rev. Thomas J. Reese, S.J., Chair"
9325:(Doubleday; Garden City, NY), p. 58
9200:Chamberlin, William (4 June 2018).
9109:from the original on 5 January 2024
8912:
8894:from the original on 31 August 2017
8825:from the original on 5 January 2024
8752:
8572:
8502:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 103.
8137:from the original on 11 August 2011
8131:the Canadian Museum of Civilization
8127:"First Nations Culture Areas Index"
7560:
7481:Christians in China: AD 600 to 2000
7273:from the original on 22 August 2022
7194:Translated by Nguyễn Đăng Trúc. In
6506:from the original on 6 October 2022
6258:Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu
6161:is published eight times per year.
6039:Social and development institutions
5568:was an important missionary in the
5554:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
5279:Rescue efforts during the Holocaust
5150:
5020:Jesuits have been accused of using
4919:Bp. W. Francis Malooly on Canon 915
4158:Pope Francis, the first Jesuit pope
3665:Latin American Wars of Independence
3658:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
3611:São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga
3528:In 1953, after being expelled from
3182:in territories on the banks of the
2534:The Jesuits became involved in the
2346:'s formal excommunication of Queen
1997:in the 1607 Chinese publication of
1757:model. The efforts of Jesuits like
1272:While the order is limited to men,
24:
17313:Apostolic Administration of Moscow
17208:"Mary, Queen of Apostles" Seminary
17004:
16175:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
15644:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace
15269:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus
14966:
13804:The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599
13631:
13582:
13378:Jesuit Specter in Imperial Germany
13152:
12674:Maryks, Robert Aleksander (2010).
12417:. Toronto: The Canadian Messenger.
12123:from the original on 23 March 2024
12037:from the original on 9 August 2019
11185:Martin, James (21 November 2008).
10728:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
10528:Martin, James (10 November 2009).
10465:Jones, Autumn (30 December 2014).
10302:from the original on 15 April 2017
10222:. Province Express. Archived from
10220:"The changing face of the Jesuits"
9232:from the original on 23 April 2022
7860:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
7814:from the original on 26 March 2023
7563:Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon
7080:. New York: NYU Press. p. 60.
6805:Puca, Pasquale (30 January 2008).
6454:from the original on 25 April 2023
5991:Lasallian educational institutions
5890:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US.
5597:Oráculo Manual y Arte de Prudencia
5468:
5259:Pius XII and the German Resistance
5237:. The Bavarian Jesuit Provincial,
4704:Dual loyalty § Historical examples
4573:, a slave-owning French Jesuit in
4504:
3856:
3551:
3440:as well as the histories of other
3198:and its southern tributaries, the
3113:(1576–1651) worked at the port of
3062:by 1571; it was a key area of the
2713:La Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús
2496:During the French colonisation of
1955:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
1795:run by Jesuits in Japan, 1576–1587
1658:, Secretary of State in Portugal.
25:
17430:
17336:Apostolic Administration of Odesa
15672:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament
15348:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa
13698:
13487:. Oxford University Press (2010).
13173:A History of the Society of Jesus
12927:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
12500:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
12153:from the original on 29 June 2021
12067:from the original on 17 July 2019
11247:Thavis, John (8 September 2006).
9966:. 14 October 2016. Archived from
9897:
9719:Benedict XVI (21 February 2008).
9494:from the original on 20 July 2017
9444:John Paul II (20 December 1999).
9425:from the original on 20 June 2017
9400:Pius XI, dilectissima Nobis, 1933
8241:Langlois, Ed (27 December 2012).
7679:from the original on 28 July 2020
7675:. Dictionary of Irish Biography.
7474:Charbonnier, Jean-Pierre (2007),
7128:from the original on 29 June 2021
7042:Handbook of Christianity in Japan
6582:from the original on 11 June 2017
6552:from the original on 20 June 2013
6223:Jesuit missions among the Guaraní
6097:In the United States of America,
5987:Brothers of the Christian Schools
5775:at Rose Hill, Bronx, New York, US
5056:, the latter being the author of
4912:consistently promoting permissive
4905:United States § Catholic doctrine
3257:Jesuit missions among the Guaraní
3102:ministering to African slaves at
2358:, before establishing himself at
2234:List of Jesuit schools in Ireland
17360:
17083:
16982:
16970:
16301:Fourth Council of Constantinople
16256:Second Council of Constantinople
15707:
15556:Sisters of the Cross and Passion
15535:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
15216:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
15098:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
14863:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion
14731:
14718:
14717:
14638:Jesuit missions in North America
14061:
13889:from the original on 2 July 2013
13745:
13733:
13401:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2014)
13302:Saint Francis Xavier (1506–1552)
12135:
12109:
12079:
12049:
12019:
11989:
11959:
11947:from the original on 29 May 2017
11929:
11894:
11864:
11834:
11730:
11714:. Holycross. edu. Archived from
11704:
11683:
11664:
11645:
11633:from the original on 17 May 2021
11615:
11596:
11583:
11562:
11544:"Library: The Gentile Holocaust"
11536:
11506:
11478:
11453:
11432:
11324:
11301:
11289:from the original on 4 July 2017
11271:
11240:
11216:Martin, James (29 August 2010).
11209:
11178:
11147:
11113:
11091:"Karl Rahner on 'Humanae Vitae'"
11079:
11057:"'Humanae Vitae' 25 Years Later"
11045:
11012:
10978:
10947:
10872:
10862:, Linden Press, New York, 1987,
10848:
10808:
10770:
10715:
10662:
10631:
10605:
10575:
10554:
10521:
10491:
10458:
10432:
10399:
10369:
10348:Reilly, Patrick (28 July 2016).
10341:
10314:
10286:Gray, Mark M. (9 January 2015).
10279:
10267:from the original on 16 May 2021
10238:
10218:Lapitan, Giselle (22 May 2012).
10211:
10202:
10193:
10181:from the original on 4 June 2023
10135:
10105:
10075:
10012:
9982:
9952:
9936:. 3 October 2016. Archived from
9922:
9891:
9861:
9838:
9808:
9786:"Pope Francis and the Dirty War"
9777:
9731:from the original on 14 May 2016
9712:
9678:
9644:
9610:
9580:
9549:
9525:Krickl, Tony (3 February 2007).
9518:
9468:
9437:
9403:
9394:
9358:
9328:
9315:
9285:
9260:
9244:
9193:
9151:
9121:
9091:
9066:
9057:
9027:
9014:
8973:
8946:
8937:
8906:
8876:
8846:
8837:
8784:
8746:
8708:
8663:Saeger, James Schofield (1972).
8656:
8634:"Imagining Guarinis and Jesuits"
8625:
8581:
8534:
8498:Hebblethwaite, Margaret (2010).
8445:
8408:
8222:from the original on 8 June 2019
7706:, 2016, Vol. 69 (2016), pp. 7–36
7243:from the original on 28 May 2022
7178:Centre Culturel Nguyen-Truong-To
7044:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 9–10.
6306:
6171:
5979:second highest number of schools
5945:
5927:
5911:
5895:
5879:
5856:
5840:
5828:
5816:
5804:
5792:
5780:
5765:
5753:
5738:
5723:
5707:
5682:
5658:
4992:because of his knowledge of the
4829:(heresy) § The American response
4613:
4543:
4097:greeted thousands of Jesuits on
3793:movement and the declaration of
3679:by 1767 was deeply troubling to
3452:, its temporary conquest by the
2990:
2848:Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo
2763:and Quito's most ornate church.
2747:Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio di Loyola
2661:missions to the Native Americans
2648:
2554:and the Jesuits returned to the
2481:Jesuit missions in North America
1909:in the 16th century, due to the
1502:
1432:In addition to the teachings of
1303:
703:
634:
70:
17238:Magistral Delegation of Russia
16271:Third Council of Constantinople
16195:First Council of Constantinople
15655:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
15392:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus
15239:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales
15044:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini
14893:Institute of the Incarnate Word
14610:Pontifical Gregorian University
13625:The American Jesuits: A History
13032:. London: Secker & Warburg.
12962:from the original on 6 May 2017
12809:. University of Toronto Press.
12630:The Jesuits and the Third Reich
12602:Jesuit and Savage in New France
12585:. New York: Henry Holt and Co.
11691:The Jesuits and the Third Reich
11652:De Coster, Father Jean-Baptiste
10292:nineteensixty-four.blogspot.com
9753:Gibson, David (12 March 2014).
8864:from the original on 8 May 2021
8415:Taylor, Anne Christine (1999).
8347:
8322:
8234:
8203:
8185:
8119:
7984:
7975:
7966:
7953:
7944:
7935:
7926:
7917:
7904:
7891:
7878:
7865:
7852:
7839:
7826:
7800:
7762:
7724:
7663:
7624:
7592:
7554:
7527:
7498:
7423:
7384:
7285:
7255:
7225:
7180:(in Vietnamese). Archived from
7165:
7140:
7110:
7084:
7033:
6917:
6892:
6685:
6620:
6594:
6564:
6428:from the original on 3 May 2022
6047:
5960:
5888:St. Joseph's Preparatory School
4123:Pontifical Gregorian University
4018:Pontifical Gregorian University
3280:La Santisima Trinidad de Parana
3120:De instauranda Aethiopum salute
3001:needs additional citations for
2663:in the early 17th century, its
2552:Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye
2168:Chinese veneration of ancestors
1905:Whereas Jesuits were active in
1807:. This included: Japanese (see
1314:needs additional citations for
17340:Apostolic Vicariate of Siberia
16510:Dissolution of the monasteries
15776:History of the Catholic Church
15315:Adorers of the Blood of Christ
15292:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
13838:
13617:(1994), covers 1900 to 1960s;
12751:Pascal: Adversary and Advocate
12628:Lapomarda, Vincent A. (2005).
12381:Curran, Robert Emmett (1993).
11941:onlineministries.creighton.edu
10819:Histoire du Parlement de Paris
10786:Histoire du Parlement de Paris
9845:Bole, William (5 March 2018).
9366:"Chronology of Jesuit History"
8518:The Guarani and their Missions
7575:, New York: Encyclopedia Press
7040:Mullins, Mark R., ed. (2003).
6845:Principe, Lawrence M. (2011).
6572:"The Jesuits: 'God's marines'"
6530:
6492:
6466:
6440:
6403:
6383:
6321:desires, any Jewish or Muslim
6286:
5953:Sacred Heart Church, Wimbledon
5590:). His writings, particularly
5257:acted as intermediary between
5000:, his family, and most of the
4861:Christian anarchism § Catholic
4764:Disputationes de Controversiis
3946:military on the campus of the
3769:Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum
3575:Jesuit in 18th century, Brazil
3428:chronicled the history of the
3348:
2709:Church of the Society of Jesus
2636:Legislative Assembly of Quebec
2528:Jesuit Relations of New France
2195:and superstition in 1704; his
2166:and many Jesuit converts that
1818:Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam
1478:Jesuit priests often acted as
1279:
1226:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1089:, had rendered any journey to
13:
1:
17404:1540 establishments in Europe
16384:Fourth Council of the Lateran
16359:Second Council of the Lateran
15968:Apostles in the New Testament
15407:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters
15015:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy
14780:Catholic religious institutes
14659:Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm
14624:Pontifical Oriental Institute
14617:Pontifical Biblical Institute
14019:Regimini militantis Ecclesiae
13571:(2014) 75#4 pp. 729–745.
13544:Institute of European History
13533:EGO – European History Online
13464:. p. 637. Archived from
12655:Mahoney, Kathleen A. (2003).
11337:Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire
9556:Lehigh, Scot (19 June 2002).
9293:"Dominus ac Redemptor Noster"
8429:10.1017/CHOL9780521630764.005
7631:Morrissey, Thomas J. (2004).
6336:
5997:and other prominent Jesuits.
5329:
4780:Episcopal Conference document
4699:Sovereign immunity § Holy See
4666:Catholic Church and the State
4517:The traditional Jesuit-style
4340:
3948:University of Central America
3597:The first Jesuits, guided by
3444:. Meanwhile, another Jesuit,
2818:Museo Nacional del Virreinato
2402:Anglican Archbishop of Dublin
2038:
1921:was opened in Rome (1579), a
1669:"). Two Jesuit missionaries,
1174:
1104:Regimini militantis ecclesiae
1083:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1006:. They called themselves the
883:
16498:Catholic Counter-Reformation
16364:Third Council of the Lateran
16354:First Council of the Lateran
15810:Catholic ecumenical councils
15566:Sisters of the Good Shepherd
15523:Religious of the Virgin Mary
15494:Order of Our Lady of Charity
15478:Oblate Sisters of Providence
15375:Faithful Companions of Jesus
15156:Society of Mary (Marianists)
14971:Coat of arms of Vatican City
14249:Roque González de Santa Cruz
13724:Resources in other libraries
13649:
13641:Donnelly, John Patrick, ed.
13553:, retrieved: 25 March 2021 (
12413:The Jesuit Martyrs of Canada
12334:Carpenter, Roger M. (2004).
12306:Campbell, Thomas J. (1921).
11712:"Hiatt Holocaust Collection"
9020:Garcia, Ricardo P. (1964). "
8717:The Oxford History of Mexico
8516:Sarreal, Julia J.S. (2014).
8466:10.5771/0257-9774-2008-2-507
8328:Carlos María de Bustamante,
7794:UK public library membership
7756:UK public library membership
7657:UK public library membership
6341:
6228:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
6142:and the related publication
5632:traditions of spirituality.
5532:wrote a major work on early
4485:27 colleges and universities
4264:
4063:Woodstock Theological Center
3984:president and Jesuit priest
3832:, Paragraph 2, known as the
3816:modifying the constitution.
3479:alongside the Jesuit priest
2757:Spanish Baroque architecture
2655:Jesuits in the United States
2288:This early Limerick school,
2131:works popularized the name "
1369:throughout Catholic Europe.
1085:, Venice, the Pope, and the
938:origin, all students at the
298:For the Greater Glory of God
7:
17234:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
15629:Sisters of the Sacred Heart
15483:Oblates of Jesus the Priest
15432:Living the Gospel Community
13960:
13394:(2014) 1#1, pp. 47–65.
12755:. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
10321:Raper, Mark (23 May 2012).
9419:The New York Times Magazine
9073:Daniel Ligou, ed. (2000) .
8099:Delaney & Nicholls 1989
8072:Delaney & Nicholls 1989
8048:Delaney & Nicholls 1989
6924:Ignatius of Loyola (1970).
6851:. Oxford University Press.
6578:. New York. 23 March 2013.
6164:
5868:University of San Francisco
5748:, "The Palace of Education"
5163:persecution in Nazi Germany
4914:abortion or euthanasia laws
4757:Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560
4533:(cape) completed the look.
4293:The society is headed by a
4079:in 2014 and again in 2016.
3652:Suppression and restoration
3250:
3058:The Jesuits arrived in the
3054:(1590) text on the Americas
2976:Antonio López de Santa Anna
2939:missions in Baja California
2333:In the spirit of Ignatius'
2238:The first Jesuit school in
1809:
934:, and six others mostly of
10:
17435:
15844:History of the Roman Curia
15427:Little Sisters of the Poor
15332:Basilian Chouerite Sisters
15286:Servants of Jesus and Mary
15233:Oblates of the Virgin Mary
15227:Oblates of Mary Immaculate
15198:Missionaries of La Salette
15168:Society of the Divine Word
15150:Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
15038:Christian Brothers (Irish)
14695:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
14562:List of Jesuit theologians
14527:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
13918:Journal of Jesuit Studies.
13863:"The Jesuit Curia in Rome"
13518:Schmiedl, Joachim (2011).
13157:
13056:Vacalebre, Natale (2016).
12975:Sacks, Richard S. (1990).
12843:Painter, F. V. N. (1903).
12774:O'Malley, John W. (1993).
12747:Nelson, Robert J. (1981).
12609:Konrad, Herman W. (1980).
12169:
10854:see Malachi Martin (1987)
10355:National Catholic Register
10260:(1/2). p. 104, table A-7.
10177:. Jesuits. 23 March 2022.
9759:National Catholic Reporter
9342:(in French). 20 May 1973.
9099:"Ateneo de Iloilo Website"
8913:Mission, Jesuit Bukidnon.
6422:Cambridge University Press
6365:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
6213:Jesuit conspiracy theories
6026:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
5995:named after Francis Xavier
5969:
5716:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre
5649:
5646:Gallery of Jesuit churches
5546:Francisco Javier Clavijero
5513:, founders of the city of
5481:List of Jesuit theologians
5478:
5472:
5333:
5282:
5161:The Catholic Church faced
5154:
4594:infamously sold 272 slaves
4548:
4445:National Catholic Register
4268:
4228:
4068:National Catholic Reporter
3655:
3621:by managing to pacify the
3584:Governor General of Brazil
3418:Universidad de San Ignacio
3254:
3155:Viceroyalty of New Granada
3090:Indigenous peoples of Peru
3084:(Mexico). Viceroy of Peru
2955:Carlos María de Bustamante
2943:Francisco Javier Clavijero
2702:
2652:
2607:After the collapse of the
2478:
2231:
2227:
1979:
1900:
1628:Portuguese royal patronage
1235:Ignatius wrote the Jesuit
952:Saint Pierre de Montmartre
878:
29:
17355:
17282:
17275:(Apostolic Administrator)
17251:
17232:
17185:
17167:
17124:
17108:
17092:
17081:
17052:
17046:Catholic Church in Russia
17012:
16965:
16865:
16731:
16658:
16593:
16580:European wars of religion
16477:
16412:
16314:
16236:
16127:
16050:
15910:
15899:
15891:Eastern Catholic Churches
15766:
15692:
15666:Sisters of Social Service
15577:Sisters of the Holy Cross
15327:Basilian Aleppian Sisters
15307:
15162:Society of Mary (Marists)
14978:
14964:
14786:
14711:
14668:
14571:
14481:
14461:
14070:
14059:
13968:
13767:Catholic Church documents
13719:Resources in your library
13527:24 September 2021 at the
13455:Parkman, Francis (1867).
13444:(2004), pp. 223–236.
13392:Journal of Jesuit Studies
13271:The Origin of the Jesuits
12984:Paraguay: A Country Study
12938:Reites, James W. (1981).
12824:Padberg, John W. (1994).
12693:Mecham, J. Lloyd (1966).
12184:edited by Carl Masthay".
11021:"Words and Contraception"
10688:10.1163/22141332-0801P001
10675:Journal of Jesuit Studies
10671:"The Jesuits and Slavery"
10644:Journal of Jesuit Studies
9869:"General Congregation 36"
9340:Chancellerie fédérale ChF
9043:. Abc-Clio. p. 477.
8915:"Jesuit Bukidnon Mission"
8809:10.1163/22141332-09020003
8797:Journal of Jesuit Studies
8715:Guedea, Virginia (2000).
8682:10.1215/00182168-52.2.215
8632:Wilde, Guillermo (2015).
8332:. 4 vols. Mexico 1836–38.
8216:The Canadian Encyclopedia
7508:Stochastikon Encyclopedia
7310:10.1163/26669323-02601003
6653:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6633:Michael Servetus Research
6396:Dictionary.com Unabridged
6273:Thomas Weld (of Lulworth)
5872:San Francisco, California
5773:Fordham University Church
5702:, interior with gold leaf
5485:List of Jesuit scientists
5336:List of Jesuit scientists
4749:To the Christian Nobility
4289:Governance of the society
3481:Diego Luis de San Vitores
2806:Juan María de Salvatierra
2795:
2715:), known colloquially as
2634:, later succeeded by the
2474:
2160:Chinese Rites controversy
379:
367:
357:
347:
319:
303:
281:
271:
261:
224:
204:
188:
165:
117:
99:
91:
83:
69:
56:
16711:Mary of the Divine Heart
16334:Clash against the empire
16286:Second Council of Nicaea
16180:Old St. Peter's Basilica
15634:Sisters of Saint Francis
15561:Sisters of the Destitute
15443:Marianites of Holy Cross
15438:Lovers of the Holy Cross
15360:Daughters of Divine Love
15210:Missionaries of the Poor
15139:Little Brothers of Jesus
15050:Immaculate Heart of Mary
14940:Society of the Atonement
14452:Alfonso Rodríguez Olmedo
13923:4 September 2021 at the
13549:19 February 2016 at the
12893:. Discovery Enterprises.
12854:The Tragedy of Old Huron
12803:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander
12263:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander
12241:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander
11156:"Catholic Women Deacons"
11125:"Pope, Condoms and AIDS"
10053:"Father General's House"
9218:10.1177/0021934718778718
9206:Journal of Black Studies
8592:The Age of Reason Begins
8541:Ganson, Barbara (2003).
8353:Diego Luis de Motezuma,
7292:Elman, Benjamin (2007).
7172:Jacques, Roland (2004).
7147:Jacques, Roland (2002).
7076:Dussel, Enrique (1981).
6946:Carried and directed by
6542:Weekend Edition Saturday
6279:
5966:Educational institutions
5746:Colegio de Belén, Havana
5489:Notable Jesuits include
5157:Jesuits and Nazi Germany
4898:Catholic social teaching
4793:Historical controversies
4676:Politics of Vatican City
4448:, there seems to be no "
3991:Catholic sex abuse cases
3133:was the first Jesuit of
3074:(1540–1600), whose book
2982:Northern Spanish America
2852:Colegio de San Ildefonso
2846:("colleges"), including
2721:, is a Jesuit church in
2314:and the priority of the
2154:Upon the arrival of the
2055:, where they settled on
1982:Jesuit missions in China
1975:
1911:persecution of Catholics
1667:Catholic Church in Tibet
1652:expulsion of the Jesuits
1361:(1545–1563) and ensuing
1079:Italian War of 1536–1538
125:Saint Ignatius of Loyola
57:
42:. For the sandwich, see
16977:Vatican City portal
16329:Investiture Controversy
16185:First Council of Nicaea
15639:Sisters of Saint Joseph
15422:Little Sisters of Jesus
15174:Society of Saint Edmund
14905:Missionaries of Charity
14193:Claude de la Colombière
13831:2 December 2010 at the
13790:21 October 2012 at the
13560:17 January 2022 at the
13538:8 February 2013 at the
13426:McCoog, Thomas M., ed.
13411:Lapomarda, Vincent A.,
13370:23 January 2022 at the
13331:Comerford, Kathleen M.
13257:Brockey, Liam Matthew.
13226:Worcester, Thomas. ed.
13037:Udías, Agustín (2003).
12921:Pollen, John Hungerford
12852:Paquin, Julien (1932).
12600:Kennedy, J. H. (1950).
12451:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley
11676:8 December 2015 at the
11608:4 December 2022 at the
11603:Braun Roger (1910–1981)
10564:. I.B. Tauris. p. 178.
9934:General Congregation 36
8919:Jesuit Bukidnon Mission
7600:"From Limerick City.ie"
6317:as preventing, despite
5866:, parish church of the
5566:Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
5306:(1900–1972) of France,
5187:Wlodzimierz Ledóchowski
5016:Casuistic justification
4910:Canon 915 § Politicians
4856:Letitia Dunbar-Harrison
4808:Investiture Controversy
4728:Donation of Constantine
4688:Sovereignty and loyalty
4565:, working thousands of
3906:Under Superior General
3519:Philippine-American War
3231:Between 1637 and 1715,
3086:Don Francisco de Toledo
2776:is the most prominent.
2624:captured by the British
1872:, vicar general of the
1759:Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
1632:St. Paul Jesuit College
1149:Johann Christoph Handke
1120:of Julius III in 1550.
447:Congregatio de Auxiliis
246:41.901361°N 12.460611°E
105:; 484 years ago
17367:Catholicism portal
17303:Diocese of Vladivostok
17293:Archdiocese of Mohilev
17065:Diocese of Novosibirsk
16989:Catholicism portal
16800:Second Vatican Council
16686:Our Lady of La Salette
16493:Protestant Reformation
16480:Protestant Reformation
16399:Second Council of Lyon
15788:Ecclesiastical history
15714:Catholicism portal
15529:Servants of St. Joseph
15092:Discalced Augustinians
15074:Conventual Franciscans
14972:
14809:Augustinian Recollects
14738:Catholicism portal
14001:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
13977:Protestant Reformation
13778:22 August 2013 at the
13595:Garraghan, Gilbert J.
13447:O'Malley, John W. ed.
13397:Kaiser, Robert Blair.
13338:Dalmases, Cándido de.
13188:Chapple, Christopher.
13175:(2nd ed. 1958) 552 pp.
13167:
12845:A History of Education
12555:Hough, Susan Elizabeth
12496:Gerard, John (1911). "
12409:Devine, E. J. (1925).
11967:"La Civiltà Cattolica"
11689:Vincent A. Lapomarda,
11317:(in French). pp.
10956:"Abortion Absolutists"
10669:Rothman, Adam (2021).
10560:Edwards, Nina (2011).
8833:– via brill.com.
8753:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004).
7786:10.1093/ref:odnb/69033
7748:10.1093/ref:odnb/10946
7649:10.1093/ref:odnb/29832
7561:Ott, Michael (1913), "
7403:Leuven Chinese Studies
6297:
6233:Jesuit Refugee Service
6188:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
6136:
6076:
6002:Second Vatican Council
5691:Iglesia de La Compañía
5372:
5312:Jean-Baptiste Janssens
5308:Jean-Baptist De Coster
5214:
5148:
5030:
4297:with the formal title
4215:
4211:
4159:
4152:
4111:
4055:Santa Clara University
4020:
3886:
3882:Second Vatican Council
3826:Constitution of Norway
3767:
3715:
3709:
3692:
3576:
3568:
3523:Treaty of Paris (1898)
3475:, who was martyred in
3421:
3367:Augustinian Recollects
3283:
3228:
3171:
3119:
3106:
3076:
3055:
3050:
2967:
2902:
2867:
2842:
2832:
2820:
2809:
2768:
2751:
2741:Jesuit churches – the
2717:
2712:
2493:
2449:Protestant Reformation
2428:At the Restoration of
2218:
2185:
2085:
2044:
2030:
2007:
1817:
1796:
1721:
1661:The Portuguese Jesuit
1604:
1566:
1494:Expansion of the order
1438:
1367:Protestant Reformation
1296:
1289:
1258:work, and following a
1243:Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam
1241:
1180:
1163:
1156:
1114:
1102:
1065:They were ordained in
1027:
1021:
1014:
1008:
895:
853:Second Vatican Council
823:
767:
686:
641:Catholicism portal
498:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
293:Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam
291:
103:27 September 1540
62:
38:. For the pastry, see
17222:Catholic Preseminary
17060:Archdiocese of Moscow
16696:First Vatican Council
16394:First Council of Lyon
16158:Constantine the Great
15854:Christian monasticism
15572:Sisters of Holy Cross
15275:Sacred Heart Brothers
15245:Order of Friars Minor
15133:Legionaries of Christ
14970:
14631:Jesuit China missions
13911:28 April 2016 at the
13850:22 March 2018 at the
13588:Cushner, Nicholas P.
13511:Santich, Jan Joseph.
13324:Bygott, Ursula M. L.
13321:(Cambridge UP, 2015).
13202:Molina, J. Michelle.
13165:
12930:Catholic Encyclopedia
12861:Parker, John (1978).
12535:Höpfl, Harro (2004).
12503:Catholic Encyclopedia
12372:Coyle, Henry (1908).
12027:"About America Media"
11475:, pp. 1025–1026.
11253:Catholic News Service
11089:(28 September 1968).
11053:McCormick, Richard A.
10638:Dial, Andrew (2021).
10503:StAloysius.NSW.edu.au
9321:Hasler, A.B., (1981)
8953:Carlomagno Bacaltos.
8888:The Kahimyang Project
7719:Catholic Encyclopedia
7568:Catholic Encyclopedia
6546:National Public Radio
6327:no matter how distant
6193:Apostleship of Prayer
6055:
5983:tertiary institutions
5619:Gerard Manley Hopkins
5451:Jesuit China missions
5412:reflecting telescopes
5365:Paul Siu (Xu Guangqi)
5343:
5324:Kansas City, Missouri
5283:Further information:
5253:. The German Jesuit
5247:"Frau Solf Tea Party"
5204:
5144:
5130:Religious persecution
5114:, homosexuality, and
5026:formulary controversy
4990:misprision of treason
4664:Relations between the
4657:Two kingdoms doctrine
4635:Catholic Encyclopedia
4590:Georgetown University
4299:Praepositus Generalis
4231:Ignatian spirituality
4225:Ignatian spirituality
4192:
4157:
4138:
4117:, on devotion to the
4084:Peter Hans Kolvenbach
4075:appointed him to the
4057:before being named a
4011:
3743:Stanisław Czerniewicz
3700:
3574:
3559:
3500:Philippine Revolution
3407:
3277:
3220:
3098:
3047:
2826:
2815:
2803:
2488:
2328:Johannes Despauterius
2283:Archdiocese of Armagh
2208:summary and automatic
2080:
2076:scientific revolution
2068:Jesuit China missions
2036:
2013:
1989:
1835:trilingual dictionary
1791:made in Portugal for
1787:
1707:
1600:
1560:
1454:vernacular literature
1287:
1168:
1158:
1146:
891:
813:, and it is led by a
693:), also known as the
17193:St. Thomas Institute
17132:Episcopal Conference
16873:Sexual abuse scandal
16782:Mit brennender Sorge
16625:Age of Enlightenment
16404:Bernard of Clairvaux
16281:Byzantine Iconoclasm
16220:Council of Chalcedon
16000:Council of Jerusalem
15869:Role in civilization
15849:Religious institutes
15781:By country or region
15086:De La Salle Brothers
14875:Discalced Carmelites
14685:Madonna Della Strada
14596:General Congregation
14588:La Civiltà Cattolica
14541:John Courtney Murray
13819:30 June 2017 at the
13742:at Wikimedia Commons
13623:Schroth, Raymond A.
13171:Bangert, William V.
12977:"Historical Setting"
12889:Perrin, Pat (1970).
12198:10.1093/ijl/17.3.325
12178:Adelaar, Willem F.H.
11971:La Civiltà Cattolica
11546:. Catholic Culture.
11228:on 20 September 2011
10860:Simon & Schuster
10442:. 7 September 2018.
10026:. 19 February 2019.
9568:on 26 September 2018
8759:. ABC-CLIO. p.
7704:Archivium Hibernicum
7377:, pp. 194–195;
6772:26 July 2022 at the
6416:Cambridge Dictionary
6238:List of Jesuit sites
6125:Australian Catholics
6085:La Civiltà Cattolica
5981:which they run: 168
5652:List of Jesuit sites
5528:In Spanish America,
5503:Doctor of the Church
5320:Rockhurst University
5032:Lettres Provinciales
5006:Houses of Parliament
4891:Laudato si' § Impact
4751:of the German Nation
4694:Papal deposing power
4671:Catholic integralism
4659:in Roman Catholicism
4563:Atlantic slave trade
4471:work, human rights,
4130:General Congregation
4082:On 2 February 2006,
3878:John Courtney Murray
3850:Chair of Saint Peter
3710:Dominus ac Redemptor
3694:Dominus ac Redemptor
3454:Sultanate of Ternate
3430:Kedatuan of Madja-as
3410:Dominus ac Redemptor
3339:Charles III of Spain
3010:improve this article
2872:17th-century Bishop
2827:Mexican-born Jesuit
2453:Cromwellian invasion
2277:At his instigation,
1894:The Jesuit Relations
1779:religious conversion
1640:Alessandro Valignano
1638:, China. Founded by
1565:, painting from 1779
1515:confusing or unclear
1482:to kings during the
1422:Renaissance humanism
1323:improve this article
873:suppressed the order
807:Madonna della Strada
469:General Congregation
363:La Civiltà Cattolica
338:Madonna della Strada
251:41.901361; 12.460611
34:. For the band, see
17409:Counter-Reformation
17298:Diocese of Tiraspol
17093:Exempt jurisdiction
16701:Papal infallibility
16691:Our Lady of Lourdes
16640:Shimabara Rebellion
16484:Counter-Reformation
14928:Servants of Charity
14821:Basilian Chouerites
14410:Alphonsus Rodriguez
14347:Lèon-Ignance Mangin
14298:Francis de Geronimo
14270:Melchior Grodziecki
13984:Counter-Reformation
13569:Theological Studies
13363:1.1 (2019): 1–118.
13245:Specialized studies
13213:18 May 2018 at the
12481:. London: Phoenix.
12180:(2004). "Review of
11882:on 14 February 2021
11750:on 27 December 2017
11657:31 May 2020 at the
11572:; Doubleday; 2002;
11503:, pp. 648–649.
11429:, pp. 266–267.
11393:, pp. 140–141.
11283:www.romereports.com
11129:The Washington Post
10329:on 26 February 2014
9904:www.thetablet.co.uk
9688:(3 November 2006).
9482:. 9 November 1981.
9413:(21 October 1984).
9297:www.reformation.org
9165:. 12 October 2022.
9135:. 12 October 2022.
9133:The Philippine Star
8705:, pp. 107–111.
8405:, pp. 167–169.
8369:, pp. 358–359.
7910:John Canon Begley,
7612:on 20 February 2023
7391:Rule, Paul (2003),
6903:SEXTA PARS – CAP. 1
6697:www.reformation.org
6602:"About Our Jesuits"
6500:"The General Curia"
6263:Igreja de São Roque
6058:Sanctuary of Loyola
6033:Eloquentia Perfecta
6010:Baltimore Catechism
5864:St. Ignatius Church
5363:(1623–88); Bottom:
5120:Luis Ladaria Ferrer
5116:liberation theology
5094:Theological debates
5078:faction led to the
4979:Collège de Clermont
4841:20th century topics
4799:Constantinian shift
4450:Pope Francis effect
4347:
4250:Spiritual Exercises
4043:religious pluralism
3940:Ignacio Martín-Baró
3897:liberation theology
3873:Spiritual Exercises
3795:papal infallibility
3727:Catherine the Great
3450:Kedatuan of Dapitan
3188:Pongo de Manseriche
3151:Viceroyalty of Peru
3115:Cartagena de Indias
3060:Viceroyalty of Peru
2874:Don Juan de Palafox
2829:Francisco Clavijero
2676:provincial superior
2669:Counter Reformation
2502:Samuel de Champlain
2242:was established at
2027:Christian Herdtrich
2023:Prospero Intorcetta
1883:valley, compiled a
1831:Alexandre de Rhodes
1827:Vietnamese alphabet
1716:was, together with
1523:clarify the section
1484:early modern period
1382:Spiritual Exercises
1363:Counter-Reformation
1173:'s court in India,
940:University of Paris
916:Spiritual Exercises
849:Counter-Reformation
811:Blessed Virgin Mary
796:ecumenical dialogue
625:Jesuit philosophers
600:Frederick Copleston
585:Pierre-Jean De Smet
491:Spiritual Exercises
440:Regimini militantis
369:Parent organization
334:Blessed Virgin Mary
242: /
53:
17399:Ignatius of Loyola
17177:Giovanni d'Aniello
17075:Diocese of Irkutsk
17070:Diocese of Saratov
17053:Province of Moscow
16746:Our Lady of Fátima
16535:Ignatius of Loyola
16459:Catherine of Siena
16427:Pope Boniface VIII
16246:Benedict of Nursia
16215:Council of Ephesus
16052:Ante-Nicene period
16005:Split with Judaism
15839:Crusading movement
15540:Sisters of Charity
15121:Holy Ghost Fathers
14992:Albertine Brothers
14973:
14922:Premonstratensians
14815:Basilian Aleppians
14677:Church of the Gesù
14403:John Francis Regis
14396:Bernardino Realino
14291:Ignatius of Loyola
13858:, 18 January 2007)
13760:Catholicism portal
13613:McDonough, Peter.
13421:Edwin Mellen Press
13417:Lewiston, New York
13404:Klaiber, Jeffrey.
13352:Edwards, Francis.
13233:Wright, Jonathan.
13219:O'Malley, John W.
13197:Jesuits: A History
13178:Barthel, Manfred.
13168:
13026:Shirer, William L.
12726:Mungello, David E.
12638:Edwin Mellen Press
12634:Lewiston, New York
12512:Gonzalez, Justo L.
12219:Numbers, Ronald L.
12215:Lindberg, David C.
11699:Edwin Mellen Press
11695:Lewiston, New York
11381:, p. 356–357.
10899:on 26 October 2014
10792:on 5 February 2012
9879:on 31 October 2017
9537:on 5 February 2007
9513:Müller et al. 2000
8961:on 21 October 2014
7515:on 7 February 2020
7184:on 26 October 2017
6315:"Decree de genere"
6179:Catholicism portal
6077:
6074:Ignatius of Loyola
5667:Church of the Gesù
5548:was expelled from
5373:
5361:Ferdinand Verbiest
5251:Friedrich Erxleben
5215:
5008:. Another Jesuit,
4965:Political intrigue
4771:Dignitatis humanae
4592:, from which were
4463:of the Jesuits is
4345:
4328:Jesuit Conferences
4160:
4021:
4016:to the Jesuit-run
3975:Fordham University
3971:John Foster Dulles
3888:Dignitatis humanae
3820:Early 20th century
3775:Tadeusz Brzozowski
3747:Gabriel Lenkiewicz
3735:Kingdom of Prussia
3619:France Antarctique
3577:
3569:
3515:French Revolutions
3422:
3284:
3229:
3163:Cristóbal de Acuña
3111:Alonso de Sandoval
3107:
3056:
2833:
2821:
2810:
2790:Neoclassical style
2494:
2422:Giovanni Rinuccini
2145:Confucian morality
2072:its own revolution
2061:St. Paul's College
2045:
2031:
2008:
1854:indigenous peoples
1847:Jean François Pons
1797:
1722:
1663:António de Andrade
1605:
1567:
1390:spiritual director
1297:
1181:
1157:
1044:Augustine of Hippo
1015:Amigos en El Señor
913:. He composed the
911:Battle of Pamplona
905:nobleman from the
899:Ignatius of Loyola
896:
893:Ignatius of Loyola
845:perinde ac cadaver
829:Church of the Gesù
788:Ignatius of Loyola
620:Jesuit theologians
540:Ignatius of Loyola
142:Nicholas Bobadilla
51:
44:Jesuita (sandwich)
17381:
17380:
17375:
17374:
16997:
16996:
16957:COVID-19 pandemic
16935:Pope Benedict XVI
16840:Pope John Paul II
16615:Pope Benedict XIV
16601:French Revolution
16585:Thirty Years' War
16575:Robert Bellarmine
16560:John of the Cross
16464:Pope Alexander VI
16449:Council of Vienne
16379:Francis of Assisi
16369:Pope Innocent III
16238:Early Middle Ages
16232:
16231:
16228:
16227:
16170:Arian controversy
16123:
16122:
16071:Apostolic Fathers
15722:
15721:
15449:Maryknoll Sisters
15386:Filippini Sisters
15298:Xaverian Brothers
14957:Trinitarian Order
14746:
14745:
14702:Claudio Acquaviva
14382:Joseph Pignatelli
14319:Stanislaus Kostka
14256:John Soan de Goto
14172:Juan del Castillo
14102:Robert Bellarmine
14095:Edmund Arrowsmith
13738:Media related to
13705:Library resources
13665:978-3-402-12964-7
13433:Martin, A. Lynn.
13345:Caraman, Philip.
13195:Mitchell, David.
13143:978-0-385-50080-7
13117:978-1-59698-328-1
13086:978-1-4773-0683-3
13048:978-1-4020-1189-4
13017:978-0-87220-929-9
12912:978-1-57607-940-9
12874:978-0-89073-050-8
12835:978-1-880810-06-4
12816:978-0-8020-3861-6
12789:978-06-7430-313-3
12778:The First Jesuits
12739:978-3-8050-0348-3
12717:978-1-56072-679-1
12702:Müller, Andreas;
12685:978-90-04-17981-3
12666:978-0-8018-7340-9
12647:978-0-7734-6265-6
12620:978-0-8047-1050-3
12592:978-1-62779-157-1
12570:978-0-691-12807-8
12546:978-0-521-83779-8
12488:978-0-7538-1401-7
12464:978-0-521-12433-1
12442:978-0-671-01320-2
12392:978-0-87840-485-8
12364:978-1-884964-31-2
12345:978-0-87013-728-0
12298:978-0-521-39130-6
12232:978-0-520-05538-4
12087:"Revista Manresa"
12001:www.theway.org.uk
11623:"Chaillet Pierre"
11518:Zenit News Agency
11417:, p. 33, appx. A.
11259:on 5 October 2009
11197:on 11 August 2011
11123:(31 March 2009).
10944:, p. xxviii.
10152:on 1 October 2019
10123:on 1 October 2019
9996:. 28 March 2019.
9620:(22 April 2006).
9531:Claremont Courier
9373:Jesuits in Europe
9035:Spencer C. Tucker
8858:www.zamboanga.com
8770:978-1-57607-770-2
8248:Catholic Sentinel
7792:(Subscription or
7754:(Subscription or
7655:(Subscription or
6948:Divine Providence
6899:Jesuitas (1583).
6866:978-0-19-956741-6
6703:on 2 January 2018
6480:on 3 January 2009
6248:Misiones Province
5935:Jakarta Cathedral
5570:Jesuit reductions
5511:Manuel da Nóbrega
5499:Robert Bellarmine
5326:, United States.
5219:German Resistance
4962:
4961:
4630:Claudio Acquaviva
4571:Antoine Lavalette
4435:
4434:
4217:Evangelii gaudium
4095:Pope Benedict XVI
4088:Pope Benedict XVI
4014:Pope Benedict XVI
3932:Ignacio Ellacuría
3901:Pope John Paul II
3681:Pope Clement XIII
3642:Jesuit reductions
3599:Manuel da Nóbrega
3590:, who instructed
3561:Manuel da Nóbrega
3544:with its various
3408:The papal brief,
3268:San Ignacio Guazú
3042:
3041:
3034:
2865:To support their
2569:near present-day
2459:, and subsequent
2375:James Fitzmaurice
2248:apostolic visitor
2127:to Europe. Their
2113:Chinese knowledge
1939:Oxford University
1881:Mississippi River
1763:Manuel da Nóbrega
1718:Manuel da Nóbrega
1683:Ippolito Desideri
1656:Marquis of Pombal
1555:
1554:
1547:
1418:liberal education
1355:
1354:
1347:
1186:classical studies
1040:Domingo de Guzmán
1036:Francis of Assisi
1009:Compañía de Jesús
976:Nicolás Bobadilla
824:Collegio del Gesù
809:, a title of the
675:
674:
570:Robert Bellarmine
395:
394:
336:(under the title
16:(Redirected from
17426:
17394:Society of Jesus
17365:
17364:
17348:
17333:
17321:
17263:(Byzantine Rite)
17239:
17225:
17219:
17218:(St. Petersburg)
17216:
17204:
17201:
17169:Apostolic Nuncio
17087:
17039:
17032:
17025:
17016:
17015:
17001:
17000:
16987:
16986:
16975:
16974:
16973:
16952:Patriarch Kirill
16825:Pope John Paul I
16630:Anti-clericalism
16610:Pope Innocent XI
16530:Society of Jesus
16515:Council of Trent
16469:Age of Discovery
16414:Late Middle Ages
16316:High Middle Ages
16306:East–West Schism
16190:Pope Sylvester I
16136:
16135:
16125:
16124:
16035:General epistles
16030:Pauline epistles
15963:John the Baptist
15946:Great Commission
15908:
15907:
15859:Catholic culture
15749:
15742:
15735:
15726:
15725:
15712:
15711:
15618:Sisters of Mercy
15321:Apostolic Carmel
14773:
14766:
14759:
14750:
14749:
14736:
14735:
14727:
14721:
14720:
14704:
14697:
14688:
14679:
14661:
14654:
14647:
14640:
14633:
14626:
14619:
14612:
14605:
14598:
14591:
14582:
14564:
14557:
14555:Alonso Rodriguez
14550:
14543:
14536:
14529:
14522:
14515:
14508:
14506:Francisco Suárez
14501:
14494:
14474:
14454:
14447:
14440:
14433:
14431:André de Soveral
14426:
14424:Robert Southwell
14419:
14417:José María Rubio
14412:
14405:
14398:
14391:
14389:Stephen Pongracz
14384:
14377:
14370:
14363:
14356:
14349:
14342:
14335:
14333:Gabriel Lalemant
14328:
14321:
14314:
14307:
14300:
14293:
14286:
14279:
14272:
14265:
14258:
14251:
14244:
14242:Aloysius Gonzaga
14237:
14230:
14223:
14216:
14209:
14202:
14195:
14188:
14181:
14174:
14167:
14160:
14153:
14146:
14144:Alexander Briant
14139:
14132:
14125:
14118:
14116:Jacques Berthieu
14111:
14104:
14097:
14090:
14088:Modeste Andlauer
14083:
14081:José de Anchieta
14065:
14054:
14047:
14040:
14031:
14028:Exposcit debitum
14022:
14013:
14004:
13995:
13986:
13979:
13955:
13948:
13941:
13932:
13931:
13898:
13896:
13894:
13878:
13876:
13874:
13798:Jesuit documents
13752:Society of Jesus
13749:
13740:Society of Jesus
13737:
13504:Ross, Andrew C.
13490:Roberts, Ian D.
13483:Pomplun, Trent.
13480:
13478:
13476:
13470:
13463:
13333:Jesuit Libraries
13285:
13147:
13135:
13126:Wright, Jonathan
13121:
13104:Woods, Thomas E.
13099:
13090:
13071:
13067:978-8822-26480-0
13052:
13033:
13021:
13002:
13000:
12998:
12992:
12981:
12971:
12969:
12967:
12934:
12925:Society of Jesus
12916:
12894:
12885:
12883:
12881:
12857:
12848:
12839:
12820:
12800:
12793:
12781:
12770:
12764:
12756:
12754:
12743:
12721:
12698:
12689:
12670:
12651:
12632:(2nd ed.).
12624:
12605:
12596:
12579:Ivereigh, Austen
12574:
12550:
12531:
12519:
12507:
12492:
12468:
12446:
12418:
12416:
12405:
12396:
12377:
12368:
12349:
12330:
12328:
12326:
12302:
12280:
12258:
12236:
12209:
12163:
12162:
12160:
12158:
12139:
12133:
12132:
12130:
12128:
12113:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12102:
12083:
12077:
12076:
12074:
12072:
12061:www.ignatius.com
12053:
12047:
12046:
12044:
12042:
12031:America Magazine
12023:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12012:
11993:
11987:
11986:
11984:
11982:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11954:
11952:
11933:
11927:
11926:
11924:
11922:
11898:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11887:
11878:. Archived from
11868:
11862:
11861:
11859:
11857:
11848:. Archived from
11838:
11832:
11826:
11820:
11814:
11808:
11802:
11796:
11790:
11784:
11778:
11772:
11766:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11755:
11749:
11742:
11734:
11728:
11727:
11725:
11723:
11708:
11702:
11687:
11681:
11668:
11662:
11649:
11643:
11642:
11640:
11638:
11619:
11613:
11600:
11594:
11589:Martin Gilbert;
11587:
11581:
11568:Martin Gilbert.
11566:
11560:
11559:
11557:
11555:
11540:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11529:
11510:
11504:
11498:
11492:
11482:
11476:
11470:
11464:
11459:Peter Hoffmann;
11457:
11451:
11445:
11439:
11436:
11430:
11424:
11418:
11412:
11406:
11400:
11394:
11388:
11382:
11376:
11370:
11364:
11358:
11352:
11346:
11345:
11328:
11322:
11321:
11305:
11299:
11298:
11296:
11294:
11275:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11264:
11255:. Archived from
11244:
11238:
11237:
11235:
11233:
11224:. Archived from
11213:
11207:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11193:. Archived from
11182:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11171:
11162:. Archived from
11151:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11140:
11131:. Archived from
11121:Reese, Thomas J.
11117:
11111:
11110:
11108:
11106:
11097:. Archived from
11083:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11072:
11063:. Archived from
11055:(17 July 1993).
11049:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11038:
11029:. Archived from
11016:
11010:
11009:
11007:
11005:
10996:. Archived from
10982:
10976:
10975:
10973:
10971:
10962:. Archived from
10951:
10945:
10939:
10933:
10927:
10921:
10915:
10909:
10908:
10906:
10904:
10895:. Archived from
10876:
10870:
10852:
10846:
10840:
10834:
10828:
10822:
10817:(1769), "XXXI",
10812:
10806:
10805:
10799:
10797:
10788:, archived from
10774:
10768:
10762:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10751:
10719:
10713:
10712:
10710:
10708:
10690:
10666:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10655:
10635:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10624:
10619:on 25 March 2013
10609:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10598:
10589:. Archived from
10579:
10573:
10558:
10552:
10551:
10549:
10547:
10535:America Magazine
10525:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10514:
10509:on 15 March 2018
10505:. Archived from
10495:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10484:
10462:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10451:
10436:
10430:
10429:
10427:
10425:
10413:America Magazine
10403:
10397:
10396:
10394:
10392:
10373:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10362:
10345:
10339:
10338:
10336:
10334:
10318:
10312:
10311:
10309:
10307:
10283:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10272:
10266:
10251:
10242:
10236:
10235:
10233:
10231:
10226:on 28 March 2016
10215:
10209:
10206:
10200:
10197:
10191:
10190:
10188:
10186:
10171:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10157:
10148:. Archived from
10139:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10119:. Archived from
10109:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10098:
10089:. Archived from
10083:"USA Assistancy"
10079:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10068:
10059:. Archived from
10049:
10040:
10039:
10037:
10035:
10024:America Magazine
10016:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10005:
9994:America Magazine
9986:
9980:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9956:
9950:
9949:
9947:
9945:
9926:
9920:
9919:
9917:
9915:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9886:
9884:
9875:. Archived from
9865:
9859:
9858:
9842:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9831:
9812:
9806:
9805:
9803:
9801:
9781:
9775:
9774:
9772:
9770:
9750:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9736:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9682:
9676:
9675:
9673:
9671:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9637:
9614:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9603:
9594:. Archived from
9584:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9564:. Archived from
9562:The Boston Globe
9553:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9542:
9533:. Archived from
9522:
9516:
9510:
9504:
9503:
9501:
9499:
9472:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9461:
9441:
9435:
9434:
9432:
9430:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9387:
9381:
9370:
9362:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9332:
9326:
9319:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9308:
9299:. Archived from
9289:
9283:
9282:
9264:
9258:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9237:
9197:
9191:
9190:, pp. 87ff.
9185:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9174:
9163:The Manila Times
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9144:
9125:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9114:
9095:
9089:
9088:
9070:
9064:
9061:
9055:
9054:
9031:
9025:
9018:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9007:
8989:
8977:
8971:
8970:
8968:
8966:
8957:. Archived from
8950:
8944:
8941:
8935:
8934:
8932:
8930:
8910:
8904:
8903:
8901:
8899:
8880:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8869:
8850:
8844:
8841:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8830:
8820:
8788:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8750:
8744:
8738:
8732:
8730:
8712:
8706:
8700:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8684:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8629:
8623:
8621:
8616:
8614:
8595:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8566:
8557:
8556:
8538:
8532:
8531:
8513:
8504:
8503:
8495:
8486:
8485:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8412:
8406:
8400:
8394:
8388:
8382:
8376:
8370:
8364:
8358:
8351:
8345:
8339:
8333:
8326:
8320:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8238:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8189:
8183:
8177:
8171:
8165:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8102:
8096:
8087:
8081:
8075:
8069:
8063:
8057:
8051:
8045:
8039:
8033:
8027:
8021:
8015:
8009:
8003:
7997:
7991:
7988:
7982:
7979:
7973:
7970:
7964:
7957:
7951:
7948:
7942:
7939:
7933:
7930:
7924:
7921:
7915:
7908:
7902:
7897:Maurice Lenihan
7895:
7889:
7882:
7876:
7869:
7863:
7856:
7850:
7843:
7837:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7789:
7773:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7751:
7735:
7728:
7722:
7716:
7707:
7700:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7674:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7652:
7636:
7628:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7611:
7605:. Archived from
7604:
7596:
7590:
7584:
7578:
7576:
7558:
7552:
7550:
7531:
7525:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7502:
7496:
7494:
7471:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7427:
7421:
7419:
7388:
7382:
7372:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7289:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7259:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7248:
7229:
7223:
7217:
7211:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7073:
7064:
7063:
7037:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6993:. Archived from
6987:"Female Jesuits"
6983:
6977:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6953:
6952:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6896:
6890:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6842:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6802:
6793:
6787:
6781:
6764:
6755:
6749:
6740:
6734:
6725:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6699:. Archived from
6689:
6683:
6677:
6671:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6652:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6608:on 11 April 2013
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6568:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6548:. 5 March 2010.
6534:
6528:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6357:
6330:
6310:
6304:
6303:
6300:
6290:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6141:
6129:Province Express
5949:
5931:
5915:
5904:province of Rome
5899:
5883:
5860:
5844:
5832:
5820:
5808:
5796:
5784:
5769:
5757:
5742:
5727:
5711:
5686:
5662:
5623:Anthony de Mello
5576:Baltasar Gracián
5507:José de Anchieta
5436:Andromeda nebula
5434:'s surface, the
5209:, member of the
5151:Nazi persecution
5136:Goan Inquisition
5084:Decree de genere
5080:Decree de genere
5035:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4803:Constantinianism
4641:
4640:
4582:African-American
4461:Superior General
4348:
4344:
4295:Superior General
4271:Jesuit formation
4220:
4150:
4116:
3993:, including the
3986:William P. Leahy
3891:
3844:Republican Spain
3838:Henrik Wergeland
3772:
3751:Franciszek Kareu
3721:for a time, and
3713:
3712:
3697:
3603:José de Anchieta
3538:Chinese diaspora
3502:against Spain.
3446:Francisco Combés
3442:Visayan kingdoms
3414:Pope Clement XIV
3174:
3122:
3079:
3053:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3017:
2994:
2986:
2970:
2908:Mendicant orders
2905:
2870:
2845:
2771:
2754:
2720:
2643:Laval University
2620:Seven Years' War
2594:Christian Island
2571:Midland, Ontario
2561:In 1639, Jesuit
2523:Charles Lalemant
2383:Act of Supremacy
2290:Crescent College
2223:
2190:
2187:Cum Deus Optimus
2179:
2101:Philippe Couplet
2097:Diego de Pantoja
2089:Michele Ruggieri
2074:, to China. The
2043:
2040:
2019:Philippe Couplet
1951:Ralph Corbington
1931:Heythrop College
1820:
1815:, also known as
1814:
1767:José de Anchieta
1714:José de Anchieta
1620:Portuguese India
1550:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1488:Liturgy of Hours
1443:
1359:Council of Trent
1350:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1246:
1179:
1176:
1119:
1116:Exposcit debitum
1110:Superior General
1107:
1081:renewed between
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
968:Alfonso Salmeron
956:Francisco Xavier
869:Pope Clement XIV
827:attached to the
826:
815:superior general
780:pontifical right
762:
758:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
689:; abbreviation:
679:Society of Jesus
667:
660:
653:
639:
638:
595:Aloysius Gonzaga
590:Augustin Barruel
565:Francisco Suárez
474:Superior General
420:
410:Society of Jesus
397:
396:
391:
388:
386:
306:Superior General
257:
256:
254:
253:
252:
247:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
214:Borgo S. Spirito
198:pontifical right
157:Alfonso Salmeron
113:
111:
106:
74:
54:
52:Society of Jesus
50:
21:
17434:
17433:
17429:
17428:
17427:
17425:
17424:
17423:
17384:
17383:
17382:
17377:
17376:
17371:
17359:
17351:
17342:
17327:
17315:
17278:
17247:
17244:Igor Kovalevsky
17237:
17236:
17228:
17223:
17217:
17210:
17202:
17195:
17181:
17163:
17157:Cyryl Klimowicz
17142:Nicolai Dubinin
17120:
17104:
17088:
17079:
17048:
17043:
17008:
16998:
16993:
16981:
16971:
16969:
16961:
16883:World Youth Day
16861:
16850:World Youth Day
16794:Pacem in terris
16788:Pope John XXIII
16727:
16654:
16645:Edict of Nantes
16603:
16599:
16589:
16555:Teresa of Ávila
16550:Tridentine Mass
16486:
16482:
16473:
16454:Knights Templar
16408:
16310:
16266:Gregorian chant
16224:
16150:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16131:
16119:
16046:
15915:
15903:
15895:
15762:
15760:Catholic Church
15753:
15723:
15718:
15706:
15688:
15612:Sisters of Life
15303:
15257:Pauline Fathers
15180:Marist Brothers
14974:
14962:
14946:TOR Franciscans
14790:
14788:
14782:
14777:
14747:
14742:
14730:
14715:
14707:
14700:
14693:
14682:
14675:
14664:
14657:
14650:
14643:
14636:
14629:
14622:
14615:
14608:
14601:
14594:
14585:
14578:
14567:
14560:
14553:
14548:Joseph Fitzmyer
14546:
14539:
14532:
14525:
14518:
14511:
14504:
14497:
14490:
14477:
14470:
14457:
14450:
14443:
14436:
14429:
14422:
14415:
14408:
14401:
14394:
14387:
14380:
14373:
14366:
14359:
14352:
14345:
14338:
14331:
14326:Jean de Lalande
14324:
14317:
14310:
14303:
14296:
14289:
14282:
14277:Alberto Hurtado
14275:
14268:
14261:
14254:
14247:
14240:
14235:Charles Garnier
14233:
14226:
14219:
14212:
14205:
14198:
14191:
14184:
14177:
14170:
14163:
14156:
14149:
14142:
14137:Jean de Brébeuf
14135:
14128:
14121:
14114:
14107:
14100:
14093:
14086:
14079:
14066:
14057:
14052:List of Jesuits
14050:
14043:
14037:Ratio Studiorum
14034:
14025:
14016:
14007:
13998:
13989:
13982:
13975:
13964:
13959:
13925:Wayback Machine
13913:Wayback Machine
13892:
13890:
13881:
13872:
13870:
13861:
13852:Wayback Machine
13841:
13833:Wayback Machine
13821:Wayback Machine
13800:
13792:Wayback Machine
13780:Wayback Machine
13769:
13730:
13729:
13728:
13713:
13712:
13708:
13701:
13652:
13634:
13632:Primary sources
13585:
13562:Wayback Machine
13551:Wayback Machine
13540:Wayback Machine
13529:Wayback Machine
13474:
13472:
13468:
13461:
13376:Healy, Róisin.
13372:Wayback Machine
13335:. Brill, 2023.
13308:Brodrick, James
13298:Brodrick, James
13282:
13250:Alden, Dauril.
13247:
13230:(2008), to 1773
13215:Wayback Machine
13192:(1993), 290 pp.
13182:(1984) 347 pp.
13160:
13155:
13153:Further reading
13150:
13144:
13118:
13087:
13068:
13049:
13018:
12996:
12994:
12990:
12979:
12965:
12963:
12913:
12879:
12877:
12875:
12836:
12817:
12798:
12790:
12758:
12757:
12740:
12718:
12686:
12667:
12648:
12621:
12593:
12571:
12547:
12524:Hobson, John M.
12489:
12473:Fraser, Antonia
12465:
12443:
12393:
12365:
12346:
12324:
12322:
12320:
12299:
12277:
12255:
12233:
12172:
12167:
12166:
12156:
12154:
12141:
12140:
12136:
12126:
12124:
12115:
12114:
12110:
12100:
12098:
12085:
12084:
12080:
12070:
12068:
12055:
12054:
12050:
12040:
12038:
12025:
12024:
12020:
12010:
12008:
11995:
11994:
11990:
11980:
11978:
11965:
11964:
11960:
11950:
11948:
11935:
11934:
11930:
11920:
11918:
11899:
11895:
11885:
11883:
11870:
11869:
11865:
11855:
11853:
11840:
11839:
11835:
11831:, pp. 1–2.
11827:
11823:
11815:
11811:
11803:
11799:
11791:
11787:
11779:
11775:
11767:
11763:
11753:
11751:
11747:
11740:
11736:
11735:
11731:
11721:
11719:
11710:
11709:
11705:
11688:
11684:
11678:Wayback Machine
11669:
11665:
11659:Wayback Machine
11650:
11646:
11636:
11634:
11621:
11620:
11616:
11610:Wayback Machine
11601:
11597:
11588:
11584:
11567:
11563:
11553:
11551:
11542:
11541:
11537:
11527:
11525:
11512:
11511:
11507:
11499:
11495:
11483:
11479:
11471:
11467:
11458:
11454:
11446:
11442:
11437:
11433:
11425:
11421:
11413:
11409:
11401:
11397:
11389:
11385:
11377:
11373:
11365:
11361:
11353:
11349:
11329:
11325:
11306:
11302:
11292:
11290:
11277:
11276:
11272:
11262:
11260:
11245:
11241:
11231:
11229:
11214:
11210:
11200:
11198:
11183:
11179:
11169:
11167:
11166:on 28 July 2011
11152:
11148:
11138:
11136:
11135:on 3 April 2009
11118:
11114:
11104:
11102:
11084:
11080:
11070:
11068:
11067:on 15 July 2011
11050:
11046:
11036:
11034:
11033:on 12 June 2011
11017:
11013:
11003:
11001:
11000:on 12 June 2011
10988:(30 May 2005).
10986:O'Brien, Dennis
10983:
10979:
10969:
10967:
10952:
10948:
10940:
10936:
10928:
10924:
10916:
10912:
10902:
10900:
10877:
10873:
10853:
10849:
10841:
10837:
10829:
10825:
10813:
10809:
10795:
10793:
10775:
10771:
10763:
10759:
10749:
10747:
10720:
10716:
10706:
10704:
10667:
10663:
10653:
10651:
10636:
10632:
10622:
10620:
10611:
10610:
10606:
10596:
10594:
10593:on 21 June 2021
10581:
10580:
10576:
10559:
10555:
10545:
10543:
10526:
10522:
10512:
10510:
10497:
10496:
10492:
10482:
10480:
10463:
10459:
10449:
10447:
10438:
10437:
10433:
10423:
10421:
10404:
10400:
10390:
10388:
10375:
10374:
10370:
10360:
10358:
10346:
10342:
10332:
10330:
10319:
10315:
10305:
10303:
10284:
10280:
10270:
10268:
10264:
10249:
10243:
10239:
10229:
10227:
10216:
10212:
10207:
10203:
10198:
10194:
10184:
10182:
10173:
10172:
10165:
10155:
10153:
10141:
10140:
10136:
10126:
10124:
10111:
10110:
10106:
10096:
10094:
10081:
10080:
10076:
10066:
10064:
10051:
10050:
10043:
10033:
10031:
10018:
10017:
10013:
10003:
10001:
9988:
9987:
9983:
9973:
9971:
9970:on 30 June 2017
9958:
9957:
9953:
9943:
9941:
9940:on 10 July 2017
9928:
9927:
9923:
9913:
9911:
9896:
9892:
9882:
9880:
9867:
9866:
9862:
9843:
9839:
9829:
9827:
9826:on 30 June 2017
9814:
9813:
9809:
9799:
9797:
9782:
9778:
9768:
9766:
9751:
9744:
9734:
9732:
9717:
9713:
9703:
9701:
9683:
9679:
9669:
9667:
9654:(15 May 2006).
9649:
9645:
9635:
9633:
9615:
9611:
9601:
9599:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9571:
9569:
9554:
9550:
9540:
9538:
9523:
9519:
9511:
9507:
9497:
9495:
9474:
9473:
9469:
9459:
9457:
9442:
9438:
9428:
9426:
9408:
9404:
9399:
9395:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9368:
9364:
9363:
9359:
9349:
9347:
9334:
9333:
9329:
9320:
9316:
9306:
9304:
9303:on 3 March 2016
9291:
9290:
9286:
9279:
9265:
9261:
9249:
9245:
9235:
9233:
9198:
9194:
9186:
9182:
9172:
9170:
9157:
9156:
9152:
9142:
9140:
9127:
9126:
9122:
9112:
9110:
9097:
9096:
9092:
9085:
9071:
9067:
9062:
9058:
9051:
9032:
9028:
9019:
9015:
9005:
9003:
8987:
8983:(12 May 2020).
8981:Escalante, Rene
8978:
8974:
8964:
8962:
8951:
8947:
8942:
8938:
8928:
8926:
8911:
8907:
8897:
8895:
8882:
8881:
8877:
8867:
8865:
8852:
8851:
8847:
8842:
8838:
8828:
8826:
8789:
8785:
8775:
8773:
8771:
8751:
8747:
8739:
8735:
8727:
8713:
8709:
8701:
8697:
8687:
8685:
8661:
8657:
8647:
8645:
8630:
8626:
8612:
8610:
8608:
8586:
8582:
8571:, p. 6–7.
8567:
8560:
8553:
8539:
8535:
8528:
8514:
8507:
8496:
8489:
8450:
8446:
8439:
8413:
8409:
8401:
8397:
8389:
8385:
8377:
8373:
8365:
8361:
8352:
8348:
8340:
8336:
8327:
8323:
8317:Van Handel 1991
8315:
8311:
8303:
8299:
8291:
8287:
8279:
8268:
8258:
8256:
8239:
8235:
8225:
8223:
8208:
8204:
8191:
8190:
8186:
8178:
8174:
8166:
8162:
8154:
8150:
8140:
8138:
8125:
8124:
8120:
8112:
8105:
8097:
8090:
8082:
8078:
8070:
8066:
8058:
8054:
8046:
8042:
8034:
8030:
8022:
8018:
8010:
8006:
7998:
7994:
7989:
7985:
7980:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7958:
7954:
7949:
7945:
7940:
7936:
7931:
7927:
7922:
7918:
7909:
7905:
7896:
7892:
7883:
7879:
7875:4 Vol. I, p. 88
7870:
7866:
7857:
7853:
7844:
7840:
7836:Vol. II, p. 551
7831:
7827:
7817:
7815:
7806:
7805:
7801:
7791:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7753:
7730:
7729:
7725:
7717:
7710:
7701:
7692:
7682:
7680:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7654:
7629:
7625:
7615:
7613:
7609:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7593:
7585:
7581:
7559:
7555:
7548:
7532:
7528:
7518:
7516:
7503:
7499:
7492:
7472:
7465:
7459:
7452:
7450:
7428:
7424:
7417:
7389:
7385:
7373:
7369:
7361:
7357:
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7290:
7286:
7276:
7274:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7246:
7244:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7218:
7214:
7187:
7185:
7170:
7166:
7159:
7145:
7141:
7131:
7129:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7101:
7099:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7074:
7067:
7052:
7038:
7034:
7026:
7022:
7014:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6997:on 10 July 2016
6985:
6984:
6980:
6972:
6968:
6960:
6956:
6942:
6922:
6918:
6897:
6893:
6885:
6881:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6843:
6830:
6820:
6818:
6803:
6796:
6788:
6784:
6774:Wayback Machine
6765:
6758:
6750:
6743:
6735:
6728:
6720:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6678:
6674:
6666:
6662:
6646:
6645:
6638:
6636:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6570:
6569:
6565:
6555:
6553:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6527:, p. xxxv.
6523:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6457:
6455:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6431:
6429:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6359:
6358:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6291:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6177:
6170:
6167:
6148:Jesuitenmission
6138:Geist und Leben
6050:
6041:
6020:to people like
5974:
5968:
5963:
5956:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5916:
5907:
5900:
5891:
5884:
5875:
5861:
5852:
5845:
5836:
5833:
5824:
5821:
5812:
5809:
5800:
5797:
5788:
5785:
5776:
5770:
5761:
5758:
5749:
5743:
5734:
5728:
5719:
5718:, Paris, France
5712:
5703:
5687:
5678:
5677:of the Jesuits.
5663:
5654:
5648:
5519:Jean de Brébeuf
5487:
5477:
5475:List of Jesuits
5471:
5469:Notable members
5400:pendulum clocks
5392:Jonathan Wright
5338:
5332:
5304:Pierre Chaillet
5287:
5281:
5159:
5153:
5132:
5096:
5066:
5018:
5010:Oswald Tesimond
4967:
4958:
4929:
4928:
4913:
4911:
4904:
4892:
4876:
4868:
4867:
4863:Worker Movement
4862:
4850:
4848:
4842:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4794:
4786:
4785:
4779:
4750:
4722:
4714:
4713:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4665:
4658:
4652:
4616:
4584:slave labor in
4551:
4546:
4538:clerical collar
4507:
4505:Habit and dress
4489:61 high schools
4439:religious order
4343:
4291:
4273:
4267:
4257:culminate in a
4233:
4227:
4168:Argentine junta
4151:
4145:
4113:Haurietis aquas
4025:Thomas J. Reese
4023:In April 2005,
3921:Vincent O'Keefe
3859:
3857:Post-Vatican II
3822:
3714:
3707:
3660:
3654:
3554:
3552:Colonial Brazil
3542:the Philippines
3473:Pedro Calungsod
3351:
3343:Bourbon Reforms
3327:Comunero Revolt
3312:Jean d'Alembert
3259:
3253:
3243:tribes and the
3180:Mainas missions
3038:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3007:
2995:
2984:
2928:Diocese of Osma
2880:and the Jesuit
2835:The Jesuits in
2798:
2786:Churrigueresque
2745:(1580) and the
2743:Chiesa del Gesù
2705:
2657:
2651:
2563:Jerome Lalemant
2556:Huron territory
2515:Jean de Brébeuf
2491:Jean de Brébeuf
2483:
2477:
2457:Williamite Wars
2408:, Limerick and
2394:Henry Brouncker
2371:Earl of Desmond
2312:Petrine primacy
2236:
2230:
2211:excommunication
2177:Pope Clement XI
2175:
2041:
2017:, published by
1984:
1978:
1923:Jesuit seminary
1919:English College
1903:
1870:Jacques Gravier
1866:Native American
1845:in the West by
1793:Nanbanji Church
1675:Albert Dorville
1551:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1520:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1473:performing arts
1440:Ratio Studiorum
1351:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1320:
1308:
1291:Ratio Studiorum
1282:
1177:
1038:(Franciscans);
996:Simão Rodrigues
886:
881:
784:Catholic Church
782:for men in the
776:clerics regular
772:religious order
760:
756:
733:
706:
702:
671:
633:
531:Notable Jesuits
426:
383:
374:Catholic Church
370:
360:
350:
343:
322:
308:
284:
274:
264:
250:
248:
244:
241:
236:
233:
231:
229:
228:
212:
194:clerics regular
184:
161:
152:Simão Rodrigues
109:
107:
104:
79:
65:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17432:
17422:
17421:
17416:
17411:
17406:
17401:
17396:
17379:
17378:
17373:
17372:
17370:
17369:
17356:
17353:
17352:
17350:
17349:
17337:
17334:
17322:
17310:
17307:
17306:
17305:
17300:
17295:
17286:
17284:
17280:
17279:
17277:
17276:
17273:Mikael Bassalé
17264:
17255:
17253:
17249:
17248:
17242:
17240:
17230:
17229:
17227:
17226:
17220:
17205:
17189:
17187:
17183:
17182:
17180:
17179:
17173:
17171:
17165:
17164:
17162:
17161:
17160:
17159:
17154:
17152:Clemens Pickel
17149:
17144:
17139:
17128:
17126:
17122:
17121:
17119:
17118:
17112:
17110:
17106:
17105:
17103:
17102:
17096:
17094:
17090:
17089:
17082:
17080:
17078:
17077:
17072:
17067:
17062:
17056:
17054:
17050:
17049:
17042:
17041:
17034:
17027:
17019:
17013:
17010:
17009:
17006:Jesuit Bishops
16995:
16994:
16992:
16991:
16979:
16966:
16963:
16962:
16960:
16959:
16954:
16949:
16942:
16937:
16932:
16931:
16930:
16925:
16920:
16915:
16910:
16905:
16900:
16895:
16890:
16880:
16875:
16869:
16867:
16863:
16862:
16860:
16859:
16858:
16857:
16847:
16842:
16837:
16832:
16827:
16822:
16812:
16807:
16802:
16797:
16790:
16785:
16778:
16773:
16771:Lateran Treaty
16768:
16763:
16758:
16753:
16748:
16743:
16737:
16735:
16729:
16728:
16726:
16725:
16718:
16713:
16708:
16703:
16698:
16693:
16688:
16683:
16678:
16673:
16668:
16662:
16660:
16656:
16655:
16653:
16652:
16647:
16642:
16637:
16632:
16627:
16622:
16617:
16612:
16606:
16604:
16596:Baroque period
16594:
16591:
16590:
16588:
16587:
16582:
16577:
16572:
16567:
16565:Peter Canisius
16562:
16557:
16552:
16547:
16542:
16540:Francis Xavier
16537:
16532:
16527:
16522:
16517:
16512:
16507:
16504:Exsurge Domine
16500:
16495:
16489:
16487:
16478:
16475:
16474:
16472:
16471:
16466:
16461:
16456:
16451:
16446:
16444:Pope Clement V
16441:
16440:
16439:
16437:Avignon Papacy
16432:Western Schism
16429:
16424:
16422:Thomas Aquinas
16418:
16416:
16410:
16409:
16407:
16406:
16401:
16396:
16391:
16386:
16381:
16376:
16371:
16366:
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16331:
16326:
16320:
16318:
16312:
16311:
16309:
16308:
16303:
16298:
16293:
16288:
16283:
16278:
16276:Saint Boniface
16273:
16268:
16263:
16261:Pope Gregory I
16258:
16253:
16248:
16242:
16240:
16234:
16233:
16230:
16229:
16226:
16225:
16223:
16222:
16217:
16212:
16207:
16202:
16200:Biblical canon
16197:
16192:
16187:
16182:
16177:
16172:
16167:
16166:
16165:
16154:
16152:
16133:
16129:Late antiquity
16121:
16120:
16118:
16117:
16112:
16107:
16102:
16097:
16096:
16095:
16090:
16089:
16088:
16083:
16078:
16076:Pope Clement I
16066:Church Fathers
16063:
16057:
16055:
16048:
16047:
16045:
16044:
16043:
16042:
16037:
16032:
16027:
16022:
16017:
16007:
16002:
15997:
15992:
15991:
15990:
15985:
15980:
15975:
15965:
15960:
15955:
15950:
15949:
15948:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15922:
15920:
15905:
15897:
15896:
15894:
15893:
15888:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15872:
15871:
15866:
15856:
15851:
15846:
15841:
15836:
15835:
15834:
15829:
15827:Biblical canon
15822:Catholic Bible
15819:
15818:
15817:
15807:
15806:
15805:
15795:
15790:
15785:
15784:
15783:
15772:
15770:
15764:
15763:
15752:
15751:
15744:
15737:
15729:
15720:
15719:
15717:
15716:
15704:
15702:Catholic laity
15693:
15690:
15689:
15687:
15686:
15681:
15675:
15669:
15663:
15658:
15652:
15646:
15641:
15636:
15631:
15626:
15621:
15615:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15569:
15563:
15558:
15553:
15547:
15542:
15537:
15532:
15526:
15520:
15514:
15508:
15502:
15497:
15491:
15485:
15480:
15475:
15469:
15464:
15458:
15452:
15446:
15440:
15435:
15429:
15424:
15419:
15414:
15409:
15404:
15402:Hijas de Jesús
15399:
15394:
15389:
15383:
15377:
15372:
15367:
15362:
15357:
15351:
15345:
15339:
15334:
15329:
15324:
15318:
15311:
15309:
15305:
15304:
15302:
15301:
15295:
15289:
15283:
15277:
15272:
15266:
15260:
15254:
15248:
15242:
15236:
15230:
15224:
15219:
15213:
15207:
15201:
15195:
15189:
15183:
15177:
15171:
15165:
15159:
15153:
15147:
15141:
15136:
15130:
15124:
15118:
15112:
15107:
15101:
15095:
15089:
15083:
15077:
15071:
15065:
15059:
15053:
15047:
15041:
15035:
15029:
15024:
15018:
15012:
15006:
15000:
14994:
14989:
14986:Adorno Fathers
14982:
14980:
14976:
14975:
14965:
14963:
14961:
14960:
14954:
14948:
14943:
14937:
14931:
14925:
14919:
14914:
14908:
14902:
14896:
14890:
14884:
14878:
14872:
14866:
14860:
14854:
14848:
14842:
14836:
14830:
14824:
14818:
14812:
14806:
14803:Assumptionists
14800:
14794:
14792:
14784:
14783:
14776:
14775:
14768:
14761:
14753:
14744:
14743:
14741:
14740:
14728:
14712:
14709:
14708:
14706:
14705:
14698:
14691:
14690:
14689:
14672:
14670:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14662:
14655:
14648:
14641:
14634:
14627:
14620:
14613:
14606:
14599:
14592:
14583:
14575:
14573:
14569:
14568:
14566:
14565:
14558:
14551:
14544:
14537:
14534:Henri de Lubac
14530:
14523:
14516:
14509:
14502:
14499:Luis de Molina
14495:
14487:
14485:
14479:
14478:
14476:
14475:
14467:
14465:
14459:
14458:
14456:
14455:
14448:
14445:Francis Xavier
14441:
14434:
14427:
14420:
14413:
14406:
14399:
14392:
14385:
14378:
14371:
14364:
14357:
14350:
14343:
14336:
14329:
14322:
14315:
14308:
14301:
14294:
14287:
14280:
14273:
14266:
14259:
14252:
14245:
14238:
14231:
14224:
14217:
14210:
14203:
14200:Antoine Daniel
14196:
14189:
14182:
14175:
14168:
14165:Peter Canisius
14161:
14158:Edmund Campion
14154:
14151:John de Britto
14147:
14140:
14133:
14130:Francis Borgia
14126:
14119:
14112:
14109:John Berchmans
14105:
14098:
14091:
14084:
14076:
14074:
14068:
14067:
14060:
14058:
14056:
14055:
14048:
14041:
14032:
14023:
14014:
14005:
13996:
13987:
13980:
13972:
13970:
13966:
13965:
13958:
13957:
13950:
13943:
13935:
13929:
13928:
13915:
13899:
13879:
13859:
13840:
13837:
13836:
13835:
13823:
13811:
13806:
13799:
13796:
13795:
13794:
13782:
13768:
13765:
13764:
13763:
13743:
13727:
13726:
13721:
13715:
13714:
13703:
13702:
13700:
13699:External links
13697:
13696:
13695:
13689:
13683:
13677:
13671:
13655:Klaus Schatz.
13651:
13648:
13647:
13646:
13639:
13633:
13630:
13629:
13628:
13621:
13611:
13593:
13592:(2002) 402 pp.
13584:
13581:
13580:
13579:
13578:(Brill, 2015).
13574:Zhang, Qiong.
13572:
13565:
13516:
13509:
13502:
13495:
13488:
13481:
13452:
13445:
13438:
13431:
13424:
13409:
13402:
13395:
13388:
13383:Höpfl, Harro.
13381:
13374:
13357:
13350:
13343:
13336:
13329:
13322:
13315:
13305:
13295:
13280:
13266:Brodrick James
13262:
13255:
13246:
13243:
13242:
13241:
13237:(2004) 368 pp
13231:
13224:
13223:(2014), 138 pp
13217:
13200:
13199:(1981) 320 pp.
13193:
13186:
13176:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13148:
13142:
13122:
13116:
13100:
13091:
13085:
13072:
13066:
13053:
13047:
13034:
13022:
13016:
13003:
12972:
12935:
12917:
12911:
12895:
12886:
12873:
12858:
12849:
12840:
12834:
12821:
12815:
12794:
12788:
12771:
12744:
12738:
12728:, ed. (1994).
12722:
12716:
12699:
12690:
12684:
12671:
12665:
12652:
12646:
12625:
12619:
12606:
12597:
12591:
12575:
12569:
12551:
12545:
12532:
12520:
12508:
12498:Monita Secreta
12493:
12487:
12469:
12463:
12447:
12441:
12419:
12406:
12397:
12391:
12378:
12369:
12363:
12350:
12344:
12331:
12319:978-0878210183
12318:
12303:
12297:
12285:Brading, D. A.
12281:
12275:
12259:
12253:
12237:
12231:
12210:
12192:(3): 325–327.
12173:
12171:
12168:
12165:
12164:
12134:
12108:
12091:manresarev.com
12078:
12048:
12018:
11988:
11958:
11928:
11893:
11863:
11852:on 3 July 2017
11846:tertianship.eu
11833:
11821:
11819:, p. 101.
11809:
11807:, p. 212.
11797:
11795:, p. 200.
11785:
11783:, p. 154.
11773:
11761:
11729:
11718:on 28 May 2010
11703:
11682:
11663:
11644:
11629:. Yad Vashem.
11614:
11595:
11582:
11561:
11535:
11505:
11493:
11485:Peter Hoffmann
11477:
11465:
11452:
11448:Lapomarda 2005
11440:
11431:
11427:Lapomarda 2005
11419:
11415:Lapomarda 2005
11407:
11403:Lapomarda 2005
11395:
11391:Lapomarda 2005
11383:
11371:
11369:, p. 356.
11359:
11357:, p. 357.
11347:
11323:
11300:
11270:
11239:
11208:
11177:
11146:
11112:
11101:on 11 May 2011
11078:
11044:
11011:
10977:
10966:on 3 July 2011
10946:
10934:
10932:, p. 204.
10922:
10910:
10871:
10847:
10845:, p. 190.
10835:
10833:, p. 448.
10823:
10807:
10769:
10757:
10714:
10661:
10630:
10604:
10574:
10553:
10520:
10490:
10457:
10431:
10398:
10368:
10340:
10313:
10278:
10237:
10210:
10201:
10192:
10163:
10134:
10104:
10093:on 16 May 2008
10074:
10063:on 19 May 2017
10057:www.sjweb.info
10041:
10011:
9981:
9951:
9921:
9898:Curti, Elena.
9890:
9860:
9837:
9807:
9790:The New Yorker
9776:
9742:
9711:
9677:
9643:
9609:
9598:on 2 June 2017
9579:
9548:
9517:
9505:
9467:
9436:
9411:Novak, Michael
9402:
9393:
9357:
9327:
9314:
9284:
9277:
9259:
9243:
9212:(7): 672–693.
9192:
9180:
9150:
9120:
9103:www.adi.edu.ph
9090:
9083:
9065:
9056:
9050:978-1851099528
9049:
9026:
9013:
8972:
8945:
8936:
8905:
8875:
8845:
8836:
8803:(2): 207–228.
8783:
8769:
8745:
8743:, p. 115.
8733:
8725:
8707:
8695:
8675:(2): 227–229.
8655:
8624:
8607:978-0671013202
8606:
8580:
8558:
8551:
8533:
8526:
8505:
8487:
8444:
8438:978-0521630757
8437:
8407:
8395:
8383:
8381:, p. 185.
8371:
8359:
8357:. Madrid 1914.
8346:
8334:
8321:
8309:
8307:, p. 250.
8297:
8285:
8283:, p. 242.
8266:
8233:
8202:
8184:
8172:
8160:
8148:
8118:
8103:
8088:
8076:
8064:
8060:Carpenter 2004
8052:
8040:
8028:
8016:
8004:
7992:
7983:
7981:Lenihan p. 671
7974:
7965:
7952:
7943:
7934:
7932:Lenihan p. 667
7925:
7923:Lenihan p. 666
7916:
7903:
7890:
7877:
7864:
7851:
7849:Vol. I, p. 32.
7838:
7825:
7810:. SJArchives.
7799:
7761:
7723:
7708:
7690:
7662:
7623:
7591:
7579:
7553:
7546:
7526:
7497:
7490:
7463:
7422:
7415:
7383:
7367:
7355:
7343:
7284:
7254:
7224:
7212:
7164:
7157:
7139:
7122:www.vatican.va
7109:
7083:
7065:
7050:
7032:
7030:, p. 144.
7020:
7018:, p. 857.
7008:
6978:
6966:
6964:, p. 167.
6954:
6940:
6916:
6891:
6879:
6865:
6828:
6794:
6782:
6778:Boston College
6756:
6754:, p. 426.
6741:
6726:
6724:, p. 166.
6714:
6684:
6682:, p. 142.
6672:
6660:
6619:
6593:
6563:
6529:
6517:
6491:
6465:
6450:. Sjweb.info.
6439:
6402:
6399:(Online). n.d.
6382:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6305:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6166:
6163:
6105:Ignatius Press
6066:Basque Country
6049:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6014:Thomas Aquinas
5989:have over 560
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5951:
5944:
5942:
5933:
5926:
5924:
5920:Église du Gesù
5917:
5910:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5876:
5862:
5855:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5752:
5750:
5744:
5737:
5735:
5729:
5722:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5704:
5688:
5681:
5679:
5664:
5657:
5647:
5644:
5594:(1651–57) and
5530:José de Acosta
5495:Francis Xavier
5473:Main article:
5470:
5467:
5396:God's Soldiers
5331:
5328:
5291:Martin Gilbert
5280:
5277:
5239:Augustin Rosch
5227:Augustin Rösch
5223:Kreisau Circle
5211:Kreisau Circle
5189:, a Pole. The
5155:Main article:
5152:
5149:
5131:
5128:
5095:
5092:
5065:
5062:
5054:Malachi Martin
5050:Alberto Rivera
5046:Avro Manhattan
5040:). Hence, the
5017:
5014:
4998:James VI and I
4994:Gunpowder Plot
4966:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4907:
4900:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4875:Current topics
4874:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4853:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4824:
4822:Ultramontanism
4815:
4810:
4805:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4754:
4745:
4738:
4735:Dictatus papae
4731:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4621:Monita Secreta
4615:
4612:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4506:
4503:
4473:social justice
4433:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4342:
4339:
4290:
4287:
4269:Main article:
4266:
4263:
4229:Main article:
4226:
4223:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4172:Adolfo Nicolás
4143:
4134:Adolfo Nicolás
3982:Boston College
3936:Segundo Montes
3912:social justice
3858:
3855:
3830:Denmark–Norway
3821:
3818:
3791:Ultramontanist
3755:Gabriel Gruber
3705:
3677:Spanish Empire
3656:Main article:
3653:
3650:
3627:Rio de Janeiro
3553:
3550:
3350:
3347:
3255:Main article:
3252:
3249:
3072:José de Acosta
3064:Spanish Empire
3040:
3039:
2998:
2996:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2797:
2794:
2723:Quito, Ecuador
2704:
2701:
2653:Main article:
2650:
2647:
2586:Paul Ragueneau
2476:
2473:
2279:Richard Creagh
2229:
2226:
2204:Kangxi Emperor
2164:Kangxi Emperor
2051:settlement on
1980:Main article:
1977:
1974:
1915:United Kingdom
1902:
1899:
1885:Miami–Illinois
1849:in the 1740s.
1833:with his 1651
1775:Rio de Janeiro
1671:Johann Grueber
1608:Francis Xavier
1602:Francis Xavier
1553:
1552:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1429:universities.
1401:Desert Fathers
1353:
1352:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1281:
1278:
1252:clerks regular
1125:Peter Canisius
1087:Ottoman Empire
1071:bishop of Arbe
1048:José de Acosta
1019:into Latin as
885:
882:
880:
877:
864:Christianizing
673:
672:
670:
669:
662:
655:
647:
644:
643:
630:
629:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
580:Edmund Campion
577:
575:Peter Canisius
572:
567:
562:
560:John Berchmans
557:
552:
547:
545:Francis Xavier
542:
534:
533:
527:
526:
525:
524:
516:
515:
511:
510:
509:
508:
501:
494:
484:
483:
479:
478:
477:
476:
471:
463:
462:
458:
457:
456:
455:
450:
443:
433:
432:
428:
427:
425:of the Jesuits
421:
413:
412:
406:
405:
393:
392:
381:
377:
376:
371:
368:
365:
364:
361:
358:
355:
354:
351:
348:
345:
344:
342:
341:
331:
325:
323:
320:
317:
316:
309:
304:
301:
300:
285:
282:
279:
278:
275:
272:
269:
268:
265:
263:Region served
262:
259:
258:
226:
222:
221:
206:
202:
201:
190:
186:
185:
183:
182:
178:formalised in
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
160:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
133:
131:Francis Xavier
127:
121:
119:
115:
114:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
67:
66:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17431:
17420:
17417:
17415:
17412:
17410:
17407:
17405:
17402:
17400:
17397:
17395:
17392:
17391:
17389:
17368:
17363:
17358:
17357:
17354:
17346:
17341:
17338:
17335:
17331:
17326:
17323:
17319:
17314:
17311:
17308:
17304:
17301:
17299:
17296:
17294:
17291:
17290:
17288:
17287:
17285:
17281:
17274:
17270:
17269:
17265:
17262:
17261:
17257:
17256:
17254:
17250:
17245:
17241:
17235:
17231:
17224:(Novosibirsk)
17221:
17214:
17209:
17206:
17199:
17194:
17191:
17190:
17188:
17184:
17178:
17175:
17174:
17172:
17170:
17166:
17158:
17155:
17153:
17150:
17148:
17145:
17143:
17140:
17138:
17135:
17134:
17133:
17130:
17129:
17127:
17123:
17117:
17114:
17113:
17111:
17107:
17101:
17098:
17097:
17095:
17091:
17086:
17076:
17073:
17071:
17068:
17066:
17063:
17061:
17058:
17057:
17055:
17051:
17047:
17040:
17035:
17033:
17028:
17026:
17021:
17020:
17017:
17011:
17007:
17002:
16990:
16985:
16980:
16978:
16968:
16967:
16964:
16958:
16955:
16953:
16950:
16948:
16947:
16943:
16941:
16938:
16936:
16933:
16929:
16926:
16924:
16921:
16919:
16916:
16914:
16911:
16909:
16906:
16904:
16901:
16899:
16896:
16894:
16891:
16889:
16886:
16885:
16884:
16881:
16879:
16876:
16874:
16871:
16870:
16868:
16864:
16856:
16853:
16852:
16851:
16848:
16846:
16843:
16841:
16838:
16836:
16833:
16831:
16830:Mother Teresa
16828:
16826:
16823:
16820:
16816:
16813:
16811:
16808:
16806:
16803:
16801:
16798:
16796:
16795:
16791:
16789:
16786:
16784:
16783:
16779:
16777:
16774:
16772:
16769:
16767:
16764:
16762:
16759:
16757:
16756:Pope Pius XII
16754:
16752:
16749:
16747:
16744:
16742:
16739:
16738:
16736:
16734:
16730:
16724:
16723:
16722:Rerum novarum
16719:
16717:
16714:
16712:
16709:
16707:
16706:Pope Leo XIII
16704:
16702:
16699:
16697:
16694:
16692:
16689:
16687:
16684:
16682:
16679:
16677:
16676:United States
16674:
16672:
16669:
16667:
16666:Pope Pius VII
16664:
16663:
16661:
16657:
16651:
16648:
16646:
16643:
16641:
16638:
16636:
16633:
16631:
16628:
16626:
16623:
16621:
16618:
16616:
16613:
16611:
16608:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16597:
16592:
16586:
16583:
16581:
16578:
16576:
16573:
16571:
16568:
16566:
16563:
16561:
16558:
16556:
16553:
16551:
16548:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16531:
16528:
16526:
16523:
16521:
16518:
16516:
16513:
16511:
16508:
16506:
16505:
16501:
16499:
16496:
16494:
16491:
16490:
16488:
16485:
16481:
16476:
16470:
16467:
16465:
16462:
16460:
16457:
16455:
16452:
16450:
16447:
16445:
16442:
16438:
16435:
16434:
16433:
16430:
16428:
16425:
16423:
16420:
16419:
16417:
16415:
16411:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16397:
16395:
16392:
16390:
16387:
16385:
16382:
16380:
16377:
16375:
16372:
16370:
16367:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16349:Scholasticism
16347:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16327:
16325:
16324:Pope Urban II
16322:
16321:
16319:
16317:
16313:
16307:
16304:
16302:
16299:
16297:
16294:
16292:
16289:
16287:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16277:
16274:
16272:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16259:
16257:
16254:
16252:
16249:
16247:
16244:
16243:
16241:
16239:
16235:
16221:
16218:
16216:
16213:
16211:
16208:
16206:
16203:
16201:
16198:
16196:
16193:
16191:
16188:
16186:
16183:
16181:
16178:
16176:
16173:
16171:
16168:
16164:
16161:
16160:
16159:
16156:
16155:
16153:
16149:
16141:
16137:
16134:
16130:
16126:
16116:
16113:
16111:
16108:
16106:
16103:
16101:
16100:Justin Martyr
16098:
16094:
16091:
16087:
16084:
16082:
16079:
16077:
16074:
16073:
16072:
16069:
16068:
16067:
16064:
16062:
16059:
16058:
16056:
16053:
16049:
16041:
16038:
16036:
16033:
16031:
16028:
16026:
16023:
16021:
16018:
16016:
16013:
16012:
16011:
16010:New Testament
16008:
16006:
16003:
16001:
15998:
15996:
15993:
15989:
15986:
15984:
15981:
15979:
15976:
15974:
15973:Commissioning
15971:
15970:
15969:
15966:
15964:
15961:
15959:
15956:
15954:
15951:
15947:
15944:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15934:
15932:
15929:
15928:
15927:
15924:
15923:
15921:
15918:
15917:Apostolic Age
15913:
15909:
15906:
15902:
15898:
15892:
15889:
15887:
15884:
15882:
15879:
15877:
15874:
15870:
15867:
15865:
15862:
15861:
15860:
15857:
15855:
15852:
15850:
15847:
15845:
15842:
15840:
15837:
15833:
15830:
15828:
15825:
15824:
15823:
15820:
15816:
15813:
15812:
15811:
15808:
15804:
15803:Papal primacy
15801:
15800:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15786:
15782:
15779:
15778:
15777:
15774:
15773:
15771:
15769:
15765:
15761:
15757:
15750:
15745:
15743:
15738:
15736:
15731:
15730:
15727:
15715:
15710:
15705:
15703:
15699:
15695:
15694:
15691:
15685:
15684:White Sisters
15682:
15679:
15676:
15673:
15670:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15659:
15656:
15653:
15650:
15647:
15645:
15642:
15640:
15637:
15635:
15632:
15630:
15627:
15625:
15622:
15619:
15616:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15570:
15567:
15564:
15562:
15559:
15557:
15554:
15551:
15548:
15546:
15543:
15541:
15538:
15536:
15533:
15530:
15527:
15524:
15521:
15518:
15515:
15512:
15509:
15506:
15503:
15501:
15498:
15495:
15492:
15489:
15486:
15484:
15481:
15479:
15476:
15473:
15470:
15468:
15465:
15462:
15459:
15456:
15453:
15450:
15447:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15436:
15433:
15430:
15428:
15425:
15423:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15408:
15405:
15403:
15400:
15398:
15395:
15393:
15390:
15387:
15384:
15381:
15378:
15376:
15373:
15371:
15368:
15366:
15363:
15361:
15358:
15355:
15352:
15349:
15346:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15328:
15325:
15322:
15319:
15316:
15313:
15312:
15310:
15306:
15299:
15296:
15293:
15290:
15287:
15284:
15281:
15278:
15276:
15273:
15270:
15267:
15264:
15263:Redemptorists
15261:
15258:
15255:
15252:
15249:
15246:
15243:
15240:
15237:
15234:
15231:
15228:
15225:
15223:
15220:
15217:
15214:
15211:
15208:
15205:
15202:
15199:
15196:
15193:
15190:
15187:
15184:
15181:
15178:
15175:
15172:
15169:
15166:
15163:
15160:
15157:
15154:
15151:
15148:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15134:
15131:
15128:
15125:
15122:
15119:
15116:
15113:
15111:
15108:
15105:
15102:
15099:
15096:
15093:
15090:
15087:
15084:
15081:
15078:
15075:
15072:
15069:
15066:
15063:
15060:
15057:
15054:
15051:
15048:
15045:
15042:
15039:
15036:
15033:
15030:
15028:
15025:
15022:
15019:
15016:
15013:
15010:
15007:
15004:
15001:
14998:
14995:
14993:
14990:
14987:
14984:
14983:
14981:
14977:
14969:
14958:
14955:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14941:
14938:
14935:
14934:Servite Order
14932:
14929:
14926:
14923:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14912:
14909:
14906:
14903:
14900:
14897:
14894:
14891:
14888:
14885:
14882:
14879:
14876:
14873:
14870:
14867:
14864:
14861:
14858:
14855:
14852:
14849:
14846:
14843:
14840:
14837:
14834:
14831:
14828:
14825:
14822:
14819:
14816:
14813:
14810:
14807:
14804:
14801:
14799:
14796:
14795:
14793:
14785:
14781:
14774:
14769:
14767:
14762:
14760:
14755:
14754:
14751:
14739:
14734:
14729:
14726:
14725:
14714:
14713:
14710:
14703:
14699:
14696:
14692:
14687:
14686:
14681:
14680:
14678:
14674:
14673:
14671:
14667:
14660:
14656:
14653:
14649:
14646:
14642:
14639:
14635:
14632:
14628:
14625:
14621:
14618:
14614:
14611:
14607:
14604:
14600:
14597:
14593:
14590:
14589:
14584:
14581:
14577:
14576:
14574:
14570:
14563:
14559:
14556:
14552:
14549:
14545:
14542:
14538:
14535:
14531:
14528:
14524:
14521:
14517:
14514:
14513:Jean Daniélou
14510:
14507:
14503:
14500:
14496:
14493:
14489:
14488:
14486:
14484:
14480:
14473:
14469:
14468:
14466:
14464:
14460:
14453:
14449:
14446:
14442:
14439:
14438:Henry Walpole
14435:
14432:
14428:
14425:
14421:
14418:
14414:
14411:
14407:
14404:
14400:
14397:
14393:
14390:
14386:
14383:
14379:
14376:
14375:Nicholas Owen
14372:
14369:
14365:
14362:
14358:
14355:
14351:
14348:
14344:
14341:
14337:
14334:
14330:
14327:
14323:
14320:
14316:
14313:
14309:
14306:
14302:
14299:
14295:
14292:
14288:
14285:
14281:
14278:
14274:
14271:
14267:
14264:
14260:
14257:
14253:
14250:
14246:
14243:
14239:
14236:
14232:
14229:
14228:Thomas Garnet
14225:
14222:
14218:
14215:
14211:
14208:
14204:
14201:
14197:
14194:
14190:
14187:
14183:
14180:
14179:Noël Chabanel
14176:
14173:
14169:
14166:
14162:
14159:
14155:
14152:
14148:
14145:
14141:
14138:
14134:
14131:
14127:
14124:
14123:Andrew Bobola
14120:
14117:
14113:
14110:
14106:
14103:
14099:
14096:
14092:
14089:
14085:
14082:
14078:
14077:
14075:
14073:
14069:
14064:
14053:
14049:
14046:
14042:
14039:
14038:
14033:
14030:
14029:
14024:
14021:
14020:
14015:
14012:
14011:
14006:
14003:
14002:
13997:
13994:
13993:
13988:
13985:
13981:
13978:
13974:
13973:
13971:
13967:
13963:
13956:
13951:
13949:
13944:
13942:
13937:
13936:
13933:
13926:
13922:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13910:
13907:
13903:
13900:
13888:
13884:
13880:
13868:
13864:
13860:
13857:
13853:
13849:
13846:
13843:
13842:
13834:
13830:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13818:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13801:
13793:
13789:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13777:
13774:
13771:
13770:
13761:
13757:
13754:" section of
13753:
13748:
13744:
13741:
13736:
13732:
13731:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13694:
13690:
13688:
13684:
13682:
13678:
13676:
13672:
13670:
13669:online review
13666:
13662:
13658:
13654:
13653:
13644:
13640:
13636:
13635:
13626:
13622:
13620:
13616:
13612:
13610:
13606:
13602:
13598:
13594:
13591:
13587:
13586:
13583:United States
13577:
13573:
13570:
13566:
13563:
13559:
13556:
13552:
13548:
13545:
13541:
13537:
13534:
13530:
13526:
13523:
13522:
13517:
13514:
13510:
13507:
13503:
13500:
13496:
13493:
13489:
13486:
13482:
13471:on 9 May 2012
13467:
13460:
13459:
13453:
13450:
13446:
13443:
13439:
13436:
13432:
13429:
13425:
13422:
13418:
13414:
13410:
13407:
13403:
13400:
13396:
13393:
13389:
13386:
13382:
13379:
13375:
13373:
13369:
13366:
13362:
13358:
13355:
13351:
13348:
13344:
13341:
13337:
13334:
13330:
13327:
13323:
13320:
13316:
13313:
13309:
13306:
13303:
13299:
13296:
13293:
13289:
13283:
13281:9780829409307
13277:
13273:
13272:
13267:
13263:
13260:
13256:
13253:
13249:
13248:
13240:
13236:
13232:
13229:
13225:
13222:
13218:
13216:
13212:
13209:
13205:
13201:
13198:
13194:
13191:
13187:
13185:
13181:
13177:
13174:
13170:
13169:
13164:
13145:
13139:
13134:
13133:
13127:
13123:
13119:
13113:
13109:
13105:
13101:
13097:
13092:
13088:
13082:
13078:
13073:
13069:
13063:
13059:
13054:
13050:
13044:
13040:
13035:
13031:
13027:
13023:
13019:
13013:
13009:
13004:
12989:
12985:
12978:
12973:
12961:
12957:
12953:
12949:
12945:
12941:
12936:
12932:
12931:
12926:
12922:
12918:
12914:
12908:
12904:
12900:
12899:Pollard, John
12896:
12892:
12887:
12876:
12870:
12866:
12865:
12859:
12855:
12850:
12846:
12841:
12837:
12831:
12827:
12822:
12818:
12812:
12808:
12804:
12795:
12791:
12785:
12780:
12779:
12772:
12768:
12762:
12753:
12752:
12745:
12741:
12735:
12731:
12727:
12723:
12719:
12713:
12709:
12705:
12700:
12696:
12691:
12687:
12681:
12677:
12672:
12668:
12662:
12658:
12653:
12649:
12643:
12639:
12635:
12631:
12626:
12622:
12616:
12612:
12607:
12603:
12598:
12594:
12588:
12584:
12580:
12576:
12572:
12566:
12562:
12561:
12556:
12552:
12548:
12542:
12538:
12533:
12529:
12525:
12521:
12517:
12513:
12509:
12505:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12490:
12484:
12480:
12479:
12474:
12470:
12466:
12460:
12456:
12452:
12448:
12444:
12438:
12434:
12433:
12428:
12427:Durant, Ariel
12424:
12420:
12415:
12414:
12407:
12403:
12398:
12394:
12388:
12384:
12379:
12375:
12370:
12366:
12360:
12356:
12351:
12347:
12341:
12337:
12332:
12321:
12315:
12311:
12310:
12304:
12300:
12294:
12290:
12286:
12282:
12278:
12276:0-8020-3721-6
12272:
12268:
12264:
12260:
12256:
12254:0-8020-4688-6
12250:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12228:
12224:
12220:
12216:
12211:
12207:
12203:
12199:
12195:
12191:
12187:
12183:
12179:
12175:
12174:
12152:
12148:
12144:
12138:
12122:
12118:
12112:
12096:
12092:
12088:
12082:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12052:
12036:
12032:
12028:
12022:
12006:
12002:
11998:
11992:
11976:
11972:
11968:
11962:
11946:
11942:
11938:
11932:
11916:
11912:
11908:
11904:
11897:
11881:
11877:
11876:Conversations
11873:
11867:
11851:
11847:
11843:
11837:
11830:
11829:Ivereigh 2014
11825:
11818:
11813:
11806:
11801:
11794:
11789:
11782:
11781:Ashworth 1986
11777:
11771:, p. 68.
11770:
11765:
11746:
11739:
11733:
11717:
11713:
11707:
11700:
11696:
11692:
11686:
11679:
11675:
11672:
11667:
11660:
11656:
11653:
11648:
11632:
11628:
11624:
11618:
11611:
11607:
11604:
11599:
11592:
11586:
11579:
11578:0-385-60100-X
11575:
11571:
11565:
11549:
11545:
11539:
11523:
11519:
11515:
11509:
11502:
11497:
11490:
11486:
11481:
11474:
11469:
11462:
11456:
11450:, p. 33.
11449:
11444:
11435:
11428:
11423:
11416:
11411:
11404:
11399:
11392:
11387:
11380:
11375:
11368:
11363:
11356:
11351:
11343:
11339:
11338:
11333:
11327:
11319:
11316:
11315:
11310:
11304:
11288:
11285:. July 2017.
11284:
11280:
11274:
11258:
11254:
11250:
11243:
11227:
11223:
11219:
11212:
11196:
11192:
11188:
11181:
11165:
11161:
11157:
11150:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11122:
11116:
11100:
11096:
11092:
11088:
11087:Dulles, Avery
11082:
11066:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11048:
11032:
11028:
11027:
11022:
11015:
10999:
10995:
10991:
10987:
10981:
10965:
10961:
10957:
10950:
10943:
10938:
10931:
10926:
10920:, p. 17.
10919:
10914:
10898:
10894:
10890:
10886:
10882:
10875:
10869:
10868:0-671-54505-1
10865:
10861:
10857:
10851:
10844:
10839:
10832:
10827:
10820:
10816:
10811:
10804:
10791:
10787:
10783:
10779:
10773:
10766:
10761:
10745:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10729:
10725:
10718:
10702:
10698:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10680:
10676:
10672:
10665:
10649:
10645:
10641:
10634:
10618:
10614:
10608:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10578:
10571:
10570:9781848855847
10567:
10563:
10562:On The Button
10557:
10541:
10537:
10536:
10531:
10524:
10508:
10504:
10500:
10494:
10478:
10474:
10473:
10468:
10461:
10445:
10441:
10435:
10419:
10415:
10414:
10409:
10402:
10386:
10382:
10378:
10372:
10357:
10356:
10351:
10344:
10328:
10324:
10317:
10301:
10297:
10293:
10289:
10282:
10263:
10259:
10255:
10248:
10241:
10225:
10221:
10214:
10205:
10196:
10180:
10176:
10170:
10168:
10151:
10147:
10144:
10138:
10122:
10118:
10114:
10108:
10092:
10088:
10084:
10078:
10062:
10058:
10054:
10048:
10046:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10015:
9999:
9995:
9991:
9985:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9955:
9939:
9935:
9931:
9925:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9894:
9878:
9874:
9870:
9864:
9856:
9852:
9848:
9841:
9825:
9821:
9817:
9811:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9780:
9764:
9760:
9756:
9749:
9747:
9730:
9726:
9722:
9715:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9687:
9681:
9665:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9647:
9631:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9613:
9597:
9593:
9589:
9583:
9567:
9563:
9559:
9552:
9536:
9532:
9528:
9521:
9514:
9509:
9493:
9489:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9471:
9455:
9451:
9447:
9440:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9406:
9397:
9378:
9374:
9367:
9361:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9331:
9324:
9318:
9302:
9298:
9294:
9288:
9280:
9278:9789004283879
9274:
9270:
9263:
9256:
9252:
9247:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9219:
9215:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9196:
9189:
9188:Campbell 1921
9184:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9154:
9138:
9134:
9130:
9124:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9094:
9086:
9084:2-7089-6839-4
9080:
9076:
9069:
9060:
9052:
9046:
9042:
9041:
9036:
9030:
9023:
9017:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8986:
8982:
8976:
8960:
8956:
8949:
8940:
8924:
8920:
8916:
8909:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8879:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8849:
8840:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8787:
8772:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8757:
8749:
8742:
8737:
8728:
8726:9780199731985
8722:
8718:
8711:
8704:
8699:
8683:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8659:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8628:
8620:
8609:
8603:
8599:
8594:
8593:
8584:
8576:
8570:
8565:
8563:
8554:
8548:
8544:
8537:
8529:
8527:9780804791229
8523:
8519:
8512:
8510:
8501:
8494:
8492:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8459:
8455:
8448:
8440:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8404:
8399:
8392:
8391:Sandoval 2008
8387:
8380:
8375:
8368:
8363:
8356:
8350:
8344:, p. 84.
8343:
8338:
8331:
8325:
8318:
8313:
8306:
8301:
8294:
8289:
8282:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8244:
8237:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8206:
8198:
8194:
8188:
8182:, p. 53.
8181:
8176:
8170:, p. 49.
8169:
8164:
8158:, p. 46.
8157:
8152:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8122:
8116:, p. 43.
8115:
8110:
8108:
8100:
8095:
8093:
8086:, p. 42.
8085:
8080:
8073:
8068:
8062:, p. 61.
8061:
8056:
8049:
8044:
8037:
8032:
8026:, p. 29.
8025:
8020:
8013:
8008:
8001:
7996:
7990:Begley p. 308
7987:
7978:
7972:Begley p. 307
7969:
7962:
7956:
7950:Begley p. 480
7947:
7941:Begley p. 479
7938:
7929:
7920:
7913:
7907:
7900:
7894:
7888:Vol. I, p. 40
7887:
7884:Vera Moynes,
7881:
7874:
7871:Vera Moynes,
7868:
7861:
7855:
7848:
7845:Vera Moynes,
7842:
7835:
7832:Vera Moynes,
7829:
7813:
7809:
7803:
7795:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7778:
7772:
7765:
7757:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7740:
7734:
7727:
7720:
7715:
7713:
7705:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7678:
7673:
7666:
7658:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7641:
7635:
7627:
7608:
7601:
7595:
7588:
7587:Mungello 1994
7583:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7557:
7549:
7547:9789004345607
7543:
7539:
7538:
7530:
7514:
7510:
7509:
7501:
7493:
7491:9780898709162
7487:
7483:
7482:
7477:
7470:
7468:
7448:
7444:
7443:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7431:Ricci, Matteo
7426:
7418:
7416:9789058673152
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7399:
7394:
7387:
7381:, p. 26.
7380:
7376:
7371:
7365:, p. 26.
7364:
7359:
7352:
7347:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7288:
7272:
7268:
7267:jesuit.org.uk
7264:
7258:
7242:
7238:
7237:jesuit.org.uk
7234:
7228:
7221:
7216:
7209:
7208:2-912554-26-8
7205:
7201:
7197:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7168:
7160:
7158:974-8304-77-9
7154:
7150:
7143:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7113:
7097:
7093:
7087:
7079:
7072:
7070:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7047:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7028:Gonzalez 1985
7024:
7017:
7016:Campbell 1921
7012:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6975:
6970:
6963:
6958:
6951:
6949:
6943:
6941:9780912422206
6937:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6920:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6904:
6895:
6889:, p. 72.
6888:
6887:Campbell 1921
6883:
6868:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6817:on 5 May 2022
6816:
6812:
6808:
6801:
6799:
6791:
6790:O'Malley 1993
6786:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6763:
6761:
6753:
6748:
6746:
6738:
6737:Campbell 1921
6733:
6731:
6723:
6718:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6681:
6676:
6670:, p. 24.
6669:
6668:Campbell 1921
6664:
6656:
6650:
6634:
6630:
6623:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6533:
6526:
6525:O'Malley 2006
6521:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6453:
6449:
6443:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6347:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6309:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6285:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6169:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6116:Eureka Street
6111:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6034:
6029:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5973:
5954:
5948:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5914:
5909:
5905:
5898:
5893:
5889:
5882:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5838:
5831:
5826:
5819:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5795:
5790:
5783:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5763:
5756:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5736:
5733:, Cuzco, Peru
5732:
5731:Jesuit church
5726:
5721:
5717:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5685:
5680:
5676:
5675:mother church
5672:
5668:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5611:In Scotland,
5609:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5572:of Paraguay.
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5526:
5524:
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5508:
5504:
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5492:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:Sachsenhausen
5267:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:Robert Leiber
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5195:Vatican Radio
5192:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5165:. Hitler was
5164:
5158:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5112:women deacons
5109:
5108:birth control
5105:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5038:Blaise Pascal
5034:
5033:
5027:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4955:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4851:Spanish model
4845:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4614:Power-seeking
4611:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4557:
4544:Controversies
4541:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4512:
4511:Constitutions
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4440:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:North America
4416:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:Latin America
4372:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4259:contemplation
4256:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4245:Autobiography
4242:
4238:
4237:Constitutions
4232:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:homosexuality
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:Jesuit clause
3831:
3827:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3759:Pope Pius VII
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3704:
3699:
3698:, decreeing:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3687:, issued the
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3592:Tomé de Sousa
3589:
3585:
3581:
3580:Tomé de Sousa
3573:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3426:Pedro Chirino
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:Marañón River
3193:
3189:
3186:, around the
3185:
3184:Marañón River
3181:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:South America
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:Rafael Ferrer
3128:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3036:
3033:
3025:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2999:This section
2997:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2965:. Motezuma's
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2761:South America
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2649:United States
2646:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2622:, Quebec was
2621:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:Huron mission
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2519:Énemond Massé
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:Hugh MacMahon
2433:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:Dublin Castle
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:Thomas Cusack
2336:
2335:Roman College
2331:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:Enlightenment
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:François Noël
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1941:since then.
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:First Nations
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Central Tibet
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:, arrived in
1613:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1538:
1535:December 2019
1528:
1527:the talk page
1524:
1518:
1516:
1511:This section
1509:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1436:, the Jesuit
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1312:This section
1310:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1237:Constitutions
1233:
1231:
1228:and southern
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:Protestantism
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1053:Pope Sixtus V
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
890:
876:
874:
870:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
836:
834:
833:mother church
831:, the Jesuit
830:
825:
820:
819:general curia
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
792:Pope Paul III
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:
751:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Societas Iesu
684:
680:
668:
663:
661:
656:
654:
649:
648:
646:
645:
642:
637:
632:
631:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:Jesuit saints
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
535:
532:
529:
528:
523:
520:
519:
518:
517:
513:
512:
507:
506:
502:
500:
499:
495:
493:
492:
488:
487:
486:
485:
481:
480:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
464:
460:
459:
454:
451:
449:
448:
444:
442:
441:
437:
436:
435:
434:
430:
429:
424:
419:
415:
414:
411:
408:
407:
403:
399:
398:
390:
382:
378:
375:
372:
366:
362:
356:
352:
346:
339:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
324:
321:Patron saints
318:
314:
310:
307:
302:
299:
295:
294:
289:
286:
280:
277:13,995 (2024)
276:
270:
266:
260:
255:
227:
223:
220:, Rome, Italy
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
177:
174:
171:
170:
168:
164:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
134:
132:
128:
126:
123:
122:
120:
116:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
68:
64:
63:Societas Jesu
60:
55:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:Jesuit (band)
33:
19:
17266:
17258:
17147:Joseph Werth
16944:
16940:Pope Francis
16866:21st century
16815:Pope Paul VI
16792:
16780:
16733:20th century
16720:
16671:Pope Pius IX
16659:19th century
16635:Pope Pius VI
16502:
16374:Latin Empire
16344:Universities
16296:Pope Leo III
16163:Christianity
16148:state church
16140:Great Church
15941:Resurrection
15904:(30–325/476)
15901:Early Church
15886:Latin Church
15881:Papal States
15876:Vatican City
15698:Third orders
15186:Mechitarists
15149:
14997:Augustinians
14899:Mercedarians
14833:Bridgettines
14827:Benedictines
14722:
14683:
14586:
14492:Diego Laynez
14368:John Ogilvie
14305:Isaac Jogues
14214:Philip Evans
14186:Peter Claver
14035:
14026:
14017:
14008:
13999:
13990:
13961:
13891:. Retrieved
13871:. Retrieved
13855:
13709:
13692:
13686:
13680:
13674:
13656:
13642:
13624:
13614:
13601:vol 1 online
13596:
13589:
13575:
13568:
13520:
13512:
13505:
13498:
13491:
13484:
13473:. Retrieved
13466:the original
13457:
13448:
13441:
13434:
13427:
13412:
13405:
13398:
13391:
13384:
13377:
13360:
13353:
13346:
13339:
13332:
13325:
13318:
13311:
13301:
13270:
13258:
13251:
13234:
13227:
13220:
13203:
13196:
13189:
13179:
13172:
13131:
13107:
13095:
13076:
13057:
13038:
13029:
13007:
12995:. Retrieved
12983:
12964:. Retrieved
12947:
12943:
12928:
12902:
12890:
12878:. Retrieved
12863:
12853:
12844:
12825:
12806:
12777:
12750:
12729:
12707:
12704:Tausch, Arno
12694:
12675:
12656:
12629:
12610:
12601:
12582:
12559:
12536:
12527:
12515:
12501:
12477:
12454:
12431:
12423:Durant, Will
12412:
12401:
12382:
12373:
12354:
12335:
12323:. Retrieved
12308:
12288:
12266:
12244:
12222:
12189:
12185:
12181:
12155:. Retrieved
12146:
12137:
12125:. Retrieved
12111:
12099:. Retrieved
12090:
12081:
12069:. Retrieved
12060:
12051:
12039:. Retrieved
12030:
12021:
12009:. Retrieved
12000:
11991:
11979:. Retrieved
11970:
11961:
11949:. Retrieved
11940:
11937:"4th Decree"
11931:
11919:. Retrieved
11910:
11906:
11896:
11884:. Retrieved
11880:the original
11875:
11866:
11854:. Retrieved
11850:the original
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11764:
11752:. Retrieved
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11716:the original
11706:
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11685:
11680:, Yad Vashem
11666:
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11647:
11635:. Retrieved
11626:
11617:
11612:, Yad Vashem
11598:
11590:
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11569:
11564:
11552:. Retrieved
11538:
11526:. Retrieved
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11443:
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11398:
11386:
11379:Pollard 2006
11374:
11367:Pollard 2006
11362:
11355:Pollard 2006
11350:
11336:
11326:
11313:
11303:
11291:. Retrieved
11282:
11273:
11261:. Retrieved
11257:the original
11242:
11230:. Retrieved
11226:the original
11221:
11211:
11199:. Retrieved
11195:the original
11190:
11180:
11168:. Retrieved
11164:the original
11159:
11149:
11137:. Retrieved
11133:the original
11128:
11127:. On Faith.
11115:
11103:. Retrieved
11099:the original
11094:
11081:
11069:. Retrieved
11065:the original
11060:
11047:
11035:. Retrieved
11031:the original
11024:
11014:
11002:. Retrieved
10998:the original
10993:
10980:
10968:. Retrieved
10964:the original
10959:
10949:
10937:
10930:Padberg 1994
10925:
10913:
10901:. Retrieved
10897:the original
10884:
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10838:
10826:
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10810:
10801:
10794:, retrieved
10790:the original
10785:
10772:
10760:
10748:. Retrieved
10734:(412): 454.
10731:
10727:
10717:
10705:. Retrieved
10678:
10674:
10664:
10652:. Retrieved
10647:
10643:
10633:
10621:. Retrieved
10617:the original
10607:
10595:. Retrieved
10591:the original
10587:concepts.org
10586:
10577:
10561:
10556:
10544:. Retrieved
10533:
10523:
10511:. Retrieved
10507:the original
10502:
10493:
10481:. Retrieved
10472:The Atlantic
10470:
10460:
10448:. Retrieved
10434:
10424:25 September
10422:. Retrieved
10411:
10401:
10391:29 September
10389:. Retrieved
10380:
10371:
10359:. Retrieved
10353:
10343:
10331:. Retrieved
10327:the original
10316:
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10137:
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10002:. Retrieved
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9877:the original
9872:
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9850:
9840:
9828:. Retrieved
9824:the original
9819:
9810:
9798:. Retrieved
9789:
9779:
9767:. Retrieved
9758:
9733:. Retrieved
9725:The Holy See
9724:
9714:
9702:. Retrieved
9694:The Holy See
9693:
9686:Benedict XVI
9680:
9668:. Retrieved
9660:The Holy See
9659:
9652:Benedict XVI
9646:
9634:. Retrieved
9626:The Holy See
9625:
9618:Benedict XVI
9612:
9600:. Retrieved
9596:the original
9591:
9582:
9570:. Retrieved
9566:the original
9561:
9551:
9541:19 September
9539:. Retrieved
9535:the original
9530:
9520:
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9479:
9470:
9458:. Retrieved
9450:The Holy See
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9439:
9427:. Retrieved
9418:
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9339:
9330:
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9305:. Retrieved
9301:the original
9296:
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9254:
9251:D.A. Brading
9246:
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9209:
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8959:the original
8948:
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8927:. Retrieved
8918:
8908:
8896:. Retrieved
8887:
8878:
8866:. Retrieved
8857:
8848:
8839:
8827:. Retrieved
8818:10261/273146
8800:
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8786:
8774:. Retrieved
8755:
8748:
8741:Sarreal 2014
8736:
8716:
8710:
8698:
8686:. Retrieved
8672:
8668:
8658:
8646:. Retrieved
8641:
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8618:
8611:. Retrieved
8591:
8583:
8569:Sarreal 2014
8542:
8536:
8517:
8499:
8457:
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8447:
8420:
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8403:Brading 1991
8398:
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8379:Brading 1991
8374:
8362:
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8349:
8337:
8329:
8324:
8312:
8300:
8288:
8281:Brading 1991
8257:. Retrieved
8246:
8236:
8224:. Retrieved
8215:
8205:
8196:
8187:
8180:Kennedy 1950
8175:
8168:Kennedy 1950
8163:
8156:Kennedy 1950
8151:
8139:. Retrieved
8130:
8121:
8114:Kennedy 1950
8101:, p. 3.
8084:Kennedy 1950
8079:
8074:, p. 2.
8067:
8055:
8050:, p. 1.
8043:
8038:, p. 5.
8031:
8019:
8014:, p. 3.
8007:
8002:, p. 1.
7995:
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7833:
7828:
7816:. Retrieved
7802:
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7726:
7718:
7703:
7681:. Retrieved
7665:
7638:
7626:
7614:. Retrieved
7607:the original
7594:
7582:
7571:, vol.
7567:
7556:
7536:
7529:
7517:, retrieved
7513:the original
7507:
7500:
7480:
7460:(in Chinese)
7451:, retrieved
7442:
7438:
7437:《天主實義》 [
7435:
7425:
7402:
7397:
7386:
7370:
7358:
7346:
7336:10 September
7334:. Retrieved
7304:(26): 9–16.
7301:
7297:
7287:
7275:. Retrieved
7266:
7257:
7245:. Retrieved
7236:
7227:
7220:Adelaar 2004
7215:
7199:
7195:
7186:. Retrieved
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7177:
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7130:. Retrieved
7121:
7112:
7100:. Retrieved
7095:
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7077:
7041:
7035:
7023:
7011:
6999:. Retrieved
6995:the original
6991:www.gc36.org
6990:
6981:
6969:
6962:Painter 1903
6957:
6945:
6926:
6919:
6909:
6902:
6894:
6882:
6872:17 September
6870:. Retrieved
6847:
6819:. Retrieved
6815:the original
6810:
6792:, p. 5.
6785:
6739:, p. 7.
6722:Brading 1991
6717:
6705:. Retrieved
6701:the original
6696:
6687:
6675:
6663:
6637:. Retrieved
6632:
6622:
6610:. Retrieved
6606:the original
6596:
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6541:
6532:
6520:
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6494:
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6478:the original
6468:
6456:. Retrieved
6442:
6430:. Retrieved
6414:
6405:
6394:
6385:
6373:. Retrieved
6364:
6326:
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6314:
6308:
6288:
6253:Missionaries
6158:
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6124:
6120:
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6112:
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6098:
6096:
6091:
6090:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6048:Publications
6042:
6030:
5999:
5975:
5961:Institutions
5689:
5641:
5637:Pope Francis
5634:
5617:
5613:John Ogilvie
5610:
5602:Schopenhauer
5595:
5591:
5574:
5562:Pimería Alta
5558:Eusebio Kino
5542:Peter Claver
5527:
5491:missionaries
5488:
5463:Thomas Woods
5448:
5395:
5394:in his book
5381:
5376:
5374:
5368:
5353:Matteo Ricci
5347:scholars in
5316:
5288:
5266:Rupert Mayer
5263:
5235:Lothar König
5216:
5184:
5167:anticlerical
5160:
5145:
5142:wrote that:
5133:
5097:
5088:blood purity
5083:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5057:
5019:
4986:Henry Garnet
4984:In England,
4983:
4968:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4747:
4742:Unam sanctam
4740:
4733:
4726:
4633:
4619:
4617:
4605:
4598:
4579:
4560:
4552:
4535:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4499:universities
4494:The Atlantic
4492:
4459:The current
4458:
4443:
4436:
4395:Asia-Pacific
4335:
4332:
4322:
4319:
4307:
4298:
4292:
4274:
4254:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4212:
4188:
4176:
4164:Pope Francis
4161:
4146:
4139:
4127:
4119:Sacred Heart
4108:
4092:
4081:
4073:Barack Obama
4071:. President
4066:
4028:
4022:
3997:, celibacy,
3979:
3967:Avery Dulles
3964:
3960:Fort Benning
3952:San Salvador
3929:
3908:Pedro Arrupe
3905:
3894:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3842:
3823:
3806:constitution
3799:
3783:
3739:Pope Pius VI
3716:
3701:
3669:Two Sicilies
3661:
3646:
3631:
3596:
3578:
3527:
3504:
3485:
3458:
3423:
3355:Augustinians
3352:
3324:
3320:
3308:
3300:
3288:Bandeirantes
3285:
3260:
3245:Bandeirantes
3241:
3237:Bandeirantes
3233:Samuel Fritz
3230:
3222:Samuel Fritz
3177:
3160:
3129:
3125:Peter Claver
3108:
3100:Peter Claver
3057:
3028:
3019:
3008:Please help
3003:verification
3000:
2973:
2963:Tenochtitlan
2961:monarchs of
2949:patriotism.
2934:
2932:
2924:
2916:Augustinians
2899:
2886:
2881:
2864:
2834:
2765:
2706:
2673:
2658:
2640:
2629:
2613:
2609:Huron nation
2606:
2590:Sainte-Marie
2588:burned down
2583:
2567:Sainte-Marie
2560:
2533:
2527:
2495:
2465:
2446:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2398:Thomas Jones
2391:
2387:
2364:
2362:until 1577.
2332:
2324:
2318:amongst the
2308:
2299:
2294:William Good
2287:
2276:
2268:
2264:Diego Laynez
2260:Pope Pius IV
2237:
2182:papal decree
2153:
2093:Matteo Ricci
2086:
2081:
2065:
2059:and founded
2057:Green Island
2046:
2014:
2002:
1991:Matteo Ricci
1959:
1947:the namesake
1943:
1935:Campion Hall
1904:
1892:
1851:
1805:dictionaries
1798:
1723:
1660:
1648:Matteo Ricci
1606:
1568:
1541:
1532:
1521:Please help
1512:
1477:
1462:
1431:
1410:
1397:John Cassian
1394:
1378:
1371:
1356:
1341:
1332:
1321:Please help
1316:verification
1313:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1249:
1236:
1234:
1182:
1159:
1133:
1122:
1095:
1093:impossible.
1064:
1057:
1033:
984:modern Spain
972:Diego Laínez
964:modern Spain
925:
921:Jesus Christ
914:
897:
860:missionaries
857:
844:
837:
800:
698:
695:Jesuit Order
694:
690:
678:
676:
610:Pope Francis
555:Pedro Arrupe
503:
496:
489:
482:Spirituality
445:
438:
409:
329:Saint Joseph
297:
237:12°27′38.2″E
209:
205:Headquarters
147:Diego Laínez
84:Abbreviation
48:
18:Jesuit Order
17343: [
17328: [
17316: [
17211: [
17196: [
17137:Paolo Pezzi
17109:Furthermore
16946:Laudato si'
16741:Pope Pius X
16570:Philip Neri
16545:Pope Pius V
16520:Thomas More
16389:Inquisition
16291:Charlemagne
16251:Monasticism
16061:Persecution
15953:Holy Spirit
15936:Crucifixion
15815:First seven
15505:Poor Clares
15251:Passionists
15110:Gabrielites
14887:Franciscans
14857:Cistercians
14851:Carthusians
14520:Karl Rahner
14361:Henry Morse
14340:David Lewis
14312:James Kisai
14263:René Goupil
14221:Peter Faber
13856:In Our Time
13845:The Jesuits
13839:Other links
13619:online free
13239:online free
13184:online free
11793:Wright 2004
11501:Shirer 1960
11473:Shirer 1960
10942:Maryks 2010
10918:Reites 1981
10843:Nelson 1981
10831:Fraser 2005
10796:30 November
10765:Gerard 1911
10750:3 September
10597:12 February
10381:jesuits.org
10271:23 November
10146:jesuits.org
10117:www.scu.edu
10034:20 February
9873:jesuits.org
9851:jesuits.org
8992:youtube.com
8703:Ganson 2003
8367:Mecham 1966
8342:Warren 1973
8293:Konrad 1980
8259:13 November
8036:Devine 1925
8024:Paquin 1932
8012:Devine 1925
8000:Devine 1925
7379:Parker 1978
7375:Hobson 2004
7363:Parker 1978
7096:archive.org
6974:Pollen 1912
6913:(in Latin).
6821:23 February
6693:"Chapter 2"
6198:Blas Valera
6022:Karl Rahner
6018:Bonaventure
5592:El Criticón
5552:during the
5428:electricity
5416:microscopes
5404:pantographs
5357:Adam Schall
5231:Alfred Delp
5207:Alfred Delp
4971:Jean Châtel
4827:Americanism
4818:Cisalpinism
4608:Catholicism
4601:East Asians
4477:Philippines
4465:Arturo Sosa
4454:Arturo Sosa
4357:Percentage
4330:worldwide.
4315:magisterium
4303:Arturo Sosa
4278:Renaissance
4241:The Letters
4180:Arturo Sosa
4104:Peter Faber
3927:to Arrupe.
3917:Paolo Dezza
3802:Switzerland
3779:Alexander I
3689:papal brief
3685:Clement XIV
3494:, inspired
3469:observatory
3463:-dominated
3359:Franciscans
3349:Philippines
3292:plantations
3141:regions of
3022:August 2020
2951:Andrés Cavo
2922:in Mexico.
2912:Franciscans
2769:la Compañía
2752:la Compañía
2718:la Compañía
2627:dissolved.
2584:The Jesuit
2544:surrendered
2379:John Perrot
2348:Elizabeth I
2344:Pope Pius V
2256:David Wolfe
2220:Ex Illa Die
2156:Franciscans
2149:Catholicism
2105:Michal Boym
2042: 1687
1993:(left) and
1968:and two in
1811:Nippo jisho
1712:missionary
1644:sinologists
1624:Inquisition
1571:Philippines
1413:Renaissance
1386:meditations
1335:August 2020
1280:Early works
1178: 1605
1169:Jesuits at
1137:papal bulls
1012:, and also
988:Peter Faber
948:Saint Denis
871:officially
605:Karl Rahner
550:Peter Faber
453:Suppression
423:Christogram
313:Arturo Sosa
249: /
234:41°54′4.9″N
225:Coordinates
137:Peter Faber
77:Christogram
17388:Categories
17246:(Chaplain)
16819:coronation
16525:Pope Leo X
16110:Tertullian
16040:Revelation
16015:Background
15696:See also:
15337:Brigidines
15127:Josephites
15115:Holy Cross
15076:(OFM Conv)
15062:Claretians
15021:Camillians
15003:Barnabites
14881:Dominicans
14845:Carmelites
14839:Canossians
14580:Bollandist
14284:Rémy Isoré
13756:Wikisource
13292:0829409300
12117:"Weltweit"
12057:"About Us"
11921:7 February
11886:7 February
11817:Woods 2005
11805:Ebrey 2010
11769:Hough 2007
11754:16 January
11722:4 December
11637:16 January
11554:6 November
11528:6 November
11405:, appx. A.
10903:7 December
10803:perpétuel.
10450:15 October
10087:SJWeb.info
9704:23 October
9670:23 October
9636:23 October
9386:8 February
9350:23 October
9173:12 October
9143:12 October
8965:31 October
8552:0804736022
8460:(2): 509.
8305:Cline 1997
8226:16 January
7818:8 February
7796:required.)
7758:required.)
7683:8 February
7659:required.)
7616:8 February
7351:Udías 2003
7188:16 January
7051:9004131566
6752:Höpfl 2004
6680:Coyle 1908
6639:16 January
6484:4 December
6458:4 December
6418:of English
6375:15 October
6337:References
6218:Jesuit Ivy
6203:Bollandist
6000:After the
5970:See also:
5714:Church of
5650:See also:
5523:New France
5479:See also:
5459:hydraulics
5408:barometers
5388:seismology
5334:See also:
5330:In science
5296:Yad Vashem
5273:death camp
5002:Protestant
4759:(Scotland)
4596:in 1838.
4575:Martinique
4469:missionary
4384:South Asia
4341:Statistics
4282:priesthood
4184:Venezuelan
4099:pilgrimage
4051:sabbatical
3995:priesthood
3944:Salvadoran
3868:inner-city
3864:Vatican II
3814:referendum
3810:Sonderbund
3675:, and the
3534:Communists
3507:Freemasons
3496:José Rizal
3488:Recollects
3420:at Manila.
3363:Dominicans
3331:yerba mate
3264:reductions
2920:Dominicans
2854:, and the
2711:(Spanish:
2694:, and USA
2511:Recollects
2498:New France
2479:See also:
2461:Penal Laws
2430:Charles II
2352:Hugh Brady
2320:sacraments
2303:Kilmallock
2271:Tridentine
2232:See also:
2139:and other
2125:philosophy
2049:Portuguese
1995:Xu Guangqi
1889:dictionary
1858:New France
1823:Vietnamese
1755:theocratic
1751:reductions
1735:Indigenous
1677:, reached
1563:missionary
1517:to readers
1480:confessors
1426:Scholastic
1194:evangelize
944:Montmartre
884:Foundation
359:Main organ
208:Generalate
166:Founded at
110:1540-09-27
17289:Dioceses
17186:Education
16835:Communism
16805:Ecumenism
16151:(380–451)
16143:(180–451)
16132:(313–476)
16054:(100–325)
15678:Ursulines
15380:Felicians
15280:Salesians
15034:(OFM Cap)
15032:Capuchins
15009:Basilians
14951:Trappists
14354:Paul Miki
14207:Paul Denn
13650:In German
13542:, Mainz:
12956:2328-5575
12923:(1912). "
12761:cite book
12475:(2005) .
12206:1477-4577
12101:1 October
12071:1 October
12041:1 October
12011:1 October
11997:"The Way"
11981:1 October
10893:0037-8887
10707:25 August
10697:230540515
10654:30 August
10156:1 October
10127:1 October
10004:1 October
9488:0040-781X
9271:. Brill.
9226:149464521
9006:5 January
8929:5 October
8898:30 August
8829:5 January
8575:help page
8474:0257-9774
8454:Anthropos
8212:"Jesuits"
8193:"Cap. 44"
7453:1 January
7318:1562-918X
7277:22 August
7247:22 August
7060:191931641
6510:7 October
6342:Citations
6323:conversos
6319:Ignatius'
5939:Indonesia
5673:, is the
5606:Nietzsche
5584:Calatayud
5550:New Spain
5538:New Spain
5515:São Paulo
5455:astronomy
5420:magnetism
5384:cosmology
5300:Holocaust
5243:July Plot
5172:Innsbruck
5071:conversos
5022:casuistry
4721:Documents
4531:ferraiolo
4311:admonitor
4265:Formation
4255:Exercises
4128:The 35th
4012:Visit of
3999:sexuality
3980:In 2002,
3925:successor
3903:in 1984.
3797:in 1870.
3787:orthodoxy
3629:in 1565.
3615:São Paulo
3565:São Paulo
3395:Zamboanga
3387:Zamboanga
3296:São Paulo
3278:Ruins of
3147:Audiencia
3104:Cartagena
3082:New Spain
3048:Acosta's
2888:produced
2837:New Spain
2749:(1650) –
2731:gold leaf
2469:John Ryan
2406:Waterford
2172:Confucius
2133:Confucius
1771:São Paulo
1469:Lithuania
1424:into the
1405:mysticism
1265:The term
1260:religious
1256:apostolic
1204:, Japan,
1123:In 1543,
1098:cardinals
1091:Jerusalem
942:, met in
936:Castilian
803:patronage
766:; Latin:
759:-oo-its,
461:Hierarchy
296:English:
273:Members
267:Worldwide
216:4, 00195
200:(for men)
192:Order of
100:Formation
17203:(Moscow)
16845:HIV/AIDS
16339:Crusades
16093:Irenaeus
16086:Ignatius
16081:Polycarp
15931:Ministry
15919:(30–100)
15793:Timeline
15080:Crosiers
14924:(OPraem)
14901:(O de M)
14798:Alexians
14724:Category
14483:Theology
13921:Archived
13909:Archived
13887:Archived
13867:Archived
13848:Archived
13829:Archived
13817:Archived
13788:Archived
13776:Archived
13691:Schatz.
13685:Schatz.
13679:Schatz.
13673:Schatz.
13558:Archived
13547:Archived
13536:Archived
13525:Archived
13475:25 April
13380:(2003).
13368:Archived
13342:(1985).
13268:(1940).
13211:Archived
13128:(2004).
13106:(2005).
13028:(1960).
12988:Archived
12960:Archived
12581:(2014).
12557:(2007).
12526:(2004).
12514:(1985).
12453:(2010).
12429:(1961).
12287:(1991).
12265:(2003).
12243:(1999).
12221:(eds.).
12151:Archived
12143:"Signum"
12127:23 March
12121:Archived
12095:Archived
12065:Archived
12035:Archived
12005:Archived
11975:Archived
11945:Archived
11915:Archived
11701:, 1989).
11674:Archived
11655:Archived
11631:Archived
11606:Archived
11580:; p. 299
11548:Archived
11522:Archived
11334:(1817).
11332:Voltaire
11311:(1836).
11309:Voltaire
11293:11 April
11287:Archived
11232:2 August
11201:2 August
11170:2 August
11139:2 August
11105:2 August
11071:2 August
11037:2 August
11004:2 August
10970:2 August
10815:Voltaire
10780:(1769),
10778:Voltaire
10744:Archived
10740:24347842
10701:Archived
10623:18 March
10540:Archived
10513:21 March
10483:22 March
10477:Archived
10444:Archived
10418:Archived
10385:Archived
10306:14 April
10300:Archived
10262:Archived
10179:Archived
10028:Archived
9998:Archived
9908:Archived
9855:Archived
9794:Archived
9763:Archived
9729:Archived
9698:Archived
9664:Archived
9630:Archived
9492:Archived
9454:Archived
9423:Archived
9377:Archived
9344:Archived
9236:23 April
9230:Archived
9167:Archived
9137:Archived
9113:8 August
9107:Archived
9037:(2009).
9000:Archived
8923:Archived
8892:Archived
8868:15 April
8862:Archived
8823:Archived
8776:23 April
8688:30 March
8648:24 March
8644:(3): 4–5
8613:22 April
8500:Paraguay
8482:40467427
8253:Archived
8220:Archived
8135:Archived
7812:Archived
7677:Archived
7519:19 April
7447:archived
7433:(1603),
7330:Archived
7326:43150703
7271:Archived
7241:Archived
7126:Archived
6770:Archived
6649:cite web
6580:Archived
6576:The Week
6550:Archived
6504:Archived
6452:Archived
6426:Archived
6411:"Jesuit"
6391:"Jesuit"
6369:Archived
6165:See also
6144:Weltweit
6062:Azpeitia
6008:and the
5955:, London
5580:Belmonte
5140:Voltaire
5104:abortion
5100:Holy See
5076:converso
5060:(1987).
4975:Henri IV
4651:Overview
4586:Maryland
4523:cincture
4144:—
4039:HIV/AIDS
3725:, where
3706:—
3607:Salvador
3582:, first
3567:, Brazil
3511:American
3492:Gomburza
3375:Mindanao
3335:Asunción
3316:Voltaire
3251:Paraguay
3214:rivers.
3202:and the
3200:Huallaga
2935:colegios
2903:colegios
2868:colegios
2860:vocation
2843:colegios
2688:Southern
2616:Montreal
2579:New York
2575:Iroquois
2252:Holy See
2244:Limerick
2193:idolatry
2004:Elements
1970:Scotland
1887:–French
1874:Illinois
1843:Sanskrit
1801:grammars
1747:Paraguay
1730:Americas
1726:missions
1699:Buddhist
1646:such as
1584:Colombia
1575:Nagasaki
1458:rhetoric
1399:and the
1374:venality
1220:and the
1210:Ethiopia
1202:Paraguay
1190:theology
1025:like in
1022:societas
1000:Portugal
930:city of
907:Pyrenees
770:), is a
768:Iesuitae
402:a series
400:Part of
387:.jesuits
349:Ministry
175:, France
118:Founders
92:Nickname
17125:Bishops
16810:Judaism
16210:Vulgate
16020:Gospels
15995:Stephen
15912:Origins
15832:Vulgate
15768:General
15758:of the
15756:History
15259:(OSPPE)
14859:(OCist)
14853:(OCart)
14847:(OCarm)
14669:Related
14572:General
14472:Francis
13969:History
13962:Jesuits
13873:2 April
13710:Jesuits
13515:(1995).
13508:(1994).
13501:(1988).
13494:(1996).
13451:(2013).
13437:(1988).
13387:(2004).
13356:(1985).
13349:(1990).
13328:(1980).
13314:(1998).
13304:(1952).
13261:(2007).
13254:(1996).
13206:(2013)
13158:Surveys
12997:18 June
12966:18 June
12880:18 June
12325:19 June
12170:Sources
12157:29 June
11263:12 June
11222:America
11191:America
11160:America
11095:America
11061:America
11026:America
10994:America
10960:America
10681:: 1–9.
10361:16 June
10333:27 June
10230:27 June
9572:16 June
8988:(video)
8638:ReVista
8141:10 June
7963:p. 307
7959:Begley
7914:p. 440
7901:p. 671
7573:Vol. XV
7478:(ed.),
7132:29 June
6586:19 June
6293:Spanish
6121:Madonna
6100:America
6092:The Way
5906:, Italy
5700:Ecuador
5582:, near
5432:Jupiter
5351:. Top:
5205:Jesuit
5176:Gestapo
4567:African
4556:Guaraní
4549:Slavery
4527:biretta
4519:cassock
4431:14,439
4354:Jesuits
4061:at the
4030:America
3824:In the
3733:by the
3719:Prussia
3638:Coimbra
3609:and in
3546:Ateneos
3532:by the
3438:Sarawak
3371:Muslims
3226:Orinoco
3208:Pastaza
3204:Ucayali
2882:colegio
2808:in 1697
2782:Moorish
2778:Mudéjar
2774:Baroque
2703:Ecuador
2692:Midwest
2684:Central
2602:Wyandot
2548:English
2546:to the
2360:Youghal
2356:Clonmel
2250:of the
2246:by the
2240:Ireland
2228:Ireland
2200:Tournon
2121:history
2117:culture
1966:England
1907:Britain
1901:Britain
1879:in the
1877:Mission
1739:slavery
1728:in the
1724:Jesuit
1710:Spanish
1695:Tibetan
1594:alone.
1588:Bolivia
1561:Jesuit
1513:may be
1230:Germany
1206:Ontario
1153:Olomouc
1135:in two
1069:by the
980:Castile
960:Navarre
879:History
858:Jesuit
699:Jesuits
697:or the
431:History
389:.global
380:Website
108: (
95:Jesuits
40:Jésuite
32:Jesuism
17283:Former
17252:Others
16776:Nazism
16598:to the
16205:Jerome
16115:Origen
15798:Papacy
15519:(RSCJ)
15496:(ODNC)
15490:(OMVF)
15457:(SMIC)
15382:(CSSF)
15356:(FHIC)
15350:(CSST)
15344:(CSIC)
15308:Female
15294:(FSSR)
15265:(CSsR)
15241:(OSFS)
15206:(MSFS)
15194:(MCCI)
15123:(CSSp)
15106:(MFVA)
15052:(CICM)
14959:(OSST)
14953:(OCSO)
14871:(SSCC)
14841:(FDCC)
14835:(OSsS)
14791:female
14716:
14072:Saints
13893:2 July
13707:about
13663:
13645:(2006)
13627:(2009)
13423:(2012)
13365:online
13290:
13278:
13208:online
13140:
13114:
13083:
13064:
13045:
13014:
12954:
12909:
12871:
12832:
12813:
12797:
12786:
12736:
12714:
12682:
12663:
12644:
12617:
12589:
12567:
12543:
12485:
12461:
12439:
12389:
12361:
12342:
12316:
12295:
12273:
12251:
12229:
12204:
12147:Signum
11951:30 May
11856:30 May
11576:
10891:
10866:
10782:"XXXI"
10738:
10695:
10568:
10546:30 May
10185:4 June
10097:30 May
10067:30 May
9974:30 May
9944:30 May
9914:30 May
9883:30 May
9830:1 June
9800:1 June
9769:30 May
9735:31 May
9602:1 June
9498:31 May
9486:
9460:31 May
9429:31 May
9307:31 May
9275:
9224:
9081:
9047:
8767:
8723:
8604:
8549:
8524:
8480:
8472:
8435:
7790:
7752:
7653:
7544:
7488:
7413:
7324:
7316:
7206:
7155:
7102:31 May
7058:
7048:
7001:5 July
6938:
6863:
6707:30 May
6612:15 May
6556:15 May
6432:22 May
6159:Signum
6155:Signum
6127:, and
5630:Indian
5588:Aragon
5444:Harvey
5440:Saturn
5438:, and
5426:, and
5424:optics
5345:Jesuit
5298:, the
5233:, and
5052:, and
4626:Kraków
4406:Europe
4362:Africa
4351:Region
4323:socius
4243:, and
4059:fellow
3804:, the
3763:France
3723:Russia
3623:Tamoio
3465:Butuan
3399:Manila
3391:Manila
3303:Guayrá
3139:Amazon
3068:Potosí
2947:creole
2890:pulque
2878:Puebla
2796:Mexico
2735:gilded
2690:, USA
2682:, USA
2598:Ottawa
2540:Quebec
2521:, and
2475:Canada
2451:, the
2410:Galway
2400:, the
2197:legate
2137:Deists
2123:, and
2107:, and
1999:Euclid
1962:London
1743:Brazil
1612:Loyola
1592:Mexico
1586:, and
1465:Poland
1295:, 1598
1267:Jesuit
1262:rule.
1208:, and
1198:Gospel
1129:Sicily
1077:. The
1067:Venice
1028:socius
994:, and
950:, now
932:Loyola
928:Basque
903:Basque
404:on the
135:Saint
129:Saint
17347:]
17332:]
17320:]
17215:]
17200:]
16878:Islam
16146:Roman
16105:Canon
15978:Peter
15926:Jesus
15680:(OSU)
15674:(SSS)
15668:(sss)
15657:(SPC)
15651:(RSJ)
15620:(RSM)
15568:(RGS)
15531:(SSJ)
15525:(RVM)
15507:(OSC)
15474:(MSC)
15463:(ICM)
15445:(MSC)
15434:(LGC)
15388:(MPF)
15317:(ASC)
15300:(CFX)
15288:(SJM)
15282:(SDB)
15271:(RCJ)
15247:(OFM)
15235:(OMV)
15229:(OMI)
15218:(MSC)
15212:(MOP)
15188:(CAM)
15182:(FMS)
15176:(SSE)
15170:(SVD)
15146:(MIC)
15129:(SSJ)
15117:(CSC)
15100:(CFR)
15094:(OAD)
15088:(FSC)
15082:(OSC)
15070:(CST)
15064:(CMF)
15058:(SSS)
15046:(CDD)
15040:(CFC)
15017:(FDM)
15011:(CSB)
14999:(OSA)
14988:(CRM)
14936:(OSM)
14895:(IVE)
14889:(OFM)
14877:(OCD)
14865:(NDS)
14829:(OSB)
14811:(OAR)
14463:Popes
14010:Magis
13638:2010.
13609:vol 3
13605:vol 2
13469:(PDF)
13462:(PDF)
12991:(PDF)
12980:(PDF)
11913:(1).
11748:(PDF)
11741:(PDF)
10736:JSTOR
10693:S2CID
10265:(PDF)
10250:(PDF)
9380:(PDF)
9369:(PDF)
9222:S2CID
8478:JSTOR
7610:(PDF)
7603:(PDF)
7441:]
7322:JSTOR
6280:Notes
6070:Spain
6006:Latin
5696:Quito
5369:Colao
5349:China
5036:, by
4481:India
4428:Total
4420:2,046
4409:3,386
4398:1,481
4387:3,955
4376:1,859
4365:1,712
4003:laity
3862:post–
3673:Parma
3530:China
3461:Hindu
3434:Panay
3412:, of
3383:Islam
3381:from
3379:Luzon
3192:Borja
3135:Quito
2959:Aztec
2894:agave
2739:Roman
2507:Huron
2147:with
2129:Latin
2053:Macau
1976:China
1687:Lhasa
1679:Lhasa
1636:Macau
1450:Greek
1446:Latin
1434:faith
1171:Akbar
1075:Italy
1060:order
1051:even
998:from
992:Savoy
990:from
978:from
958:from
683:Latin
514:Works
505:Magis
288:Latin
283:Motto
218:Prati
173:Paris
59:Latin
16928:2023
16923:2019
16918:2016
16913:2013
16908:2011
16903:2008
16898:2005
16893:2002
16888:2000
16855:1995
16025:Acts
15988:Paul
15983:John
15958:Mary
15614:(SV)
15552:(DC)
15513:(MC)
15451:(MM)
15323:(AC)
15253:(CP)
15200:(MS)
15164:(SM)
15158:(SM)
15152:(SJ)
15135:(LC)
15023:(MI)
14979:Male
14942:(SA)
14930:(SC)
14913:(CS)
14907:(MC)
14883:(OP)
14823:(BC)
14817:(BA)
14805:(AA)
14787:Male
13895:2013
13875:2012
13661:ISBN
13477:2012
13288:ISBN
13276:ISBN
13138:ISBN
13112:ISBN
13081:ISBN
13062:ISBN
13043:ISBN
13012:ISBN
12999:2017
12968:2017
12952:ISSN
12907:ISBN
12882:2017
12869:ISBN
12830:ISBN
12811:ISBN
12784:ISBN
12767:link
12734:ISBN
12712:ISBN
12680:ISBN
12661:ISBN
12642:ISBN
12615:ISBN
12587:ISBN
12565:ISBN
12541:ISBN
12483:ISBN
12459:ISBN
12437:ISBN
12387:ISBN
12359:ISBN
12340:ISBN
12327:2017
12314:ISBN
12293:ISBN
12271:ISBN
12249:ISBN
12227:ISBN
12202:ISSN
12159:2021
12129:2024
12103:2019
12073:2019
12043:2019
12013:2019
11983:2019
11953:2017
11923:2021
11888:2021
11858:2017
11756:2023
11724:2011
11639:2023
11574:ISBN
11556:2013
11530:2013
11342:1066
11295:2020
11265:2009
11234:2011
11203:2011
11172:2011
11141:2011
11107:2011
11073:2011
11039:2011
11006:2011
10972:2011
10905:2012
10889:ISSN
10864:ISBN
10798:2014
10752:2023
10709:2023
10656:2023
10650:: 40
10625:2013
10599:2021
10566:ISBN
10548:2017
10515:2018
10485:2018
10452:2018
10426:2019
10393:2019
10363:2017
10335:2013
10308:2017
10296:CARA
10273:2020
10232:2013
10187:2023
10158:2019
10129:2019
10099:2017
10069:2017
10036:2019
10006:2019
9976:2017
9964:Crux
9946:2017
9916:2017
9885:2017
9832:2017
9820:Crux
9802:2017
9771:2017
9737:2017
9706:2007
9672:2007
9638:2007
9604:2017
9574:2017
9543:2015
9500:2017
9484:ISSN
9480:Time
9462:2017
9431:2017
9388:2019
9352:2007
9309:2017
9273:ISBN
9238:2022
9175:2022
9145:2022
9115:2017
9079:ISBN
9045:ISBN
9008:2024
8967:2014
8931:2023
8900:2017
8870:2024
8831:2024
8778:2022
8765:ISBN
8721:ISBN
8690:2022
8650:2022
8615:2006
8602:ISBN
8547:ISBN
8522:ISBN
8470:ISSN
8433:ISBN
8261:2019
8228:2023
8143:2016
7820:2023
7685:2023
7618:2023
7542:ISBN
7521:2021
7486:ISBN
7455:2018
7411:ISBN
7338:2023
7314:ISSN
7279:2022
7249:2022
7204:ISBN
7190:2023
7153:ISBN
7134:2021
7104:2017
7056:OCLC
7046:ISBN
7003:2016
6936:ISBN
6874:2023
6861:ISBN
6823:2010
6709:2017
6655:link
6641:2023
6614:2013
6588:2017
6558:2013
6512:2022
6486:2011
6460:2011
6434:2021
6377:2018
6056:The
6024:and
6016:and
5918:The
5874:, US
5847:The
5671:Rome
5665:The
5627:East
5604:and
5536:and
5534:Peru
5509:and
5501:, a
5483:and
5449:The
5414:and
5359:and
5028:and
4820:vs.
4618:The
4487:and
4479:and
4423:14%
4412:23%
4401:10%
4390:27%
4379:13%
4368:12%
4182:, a
3753:and
3634:Tupi
3588:King
3513:and
3477:Guam
3389:and
3377:and
3365:and
3325:The
3212:Napo
3210:and
3167:Pará
2937:and
2918:and
2727:nave
2707:The
2696:West
2686:and
2680:East
2542:was
2455:and
2316:Mass
2215:bull
2170:and
2066:The
1864:and
1839:Tupi
1803:and
1789:Bell
1773:and
1765:and
1745:and
1737:and
1708:The
1689:and
1673:and
1580:Peru
1467:and
1456:and
1222:pope
1218:Rome
1188:and
901:, a
841:pope
763:-ew-
757:JEZH
677:The
315:, SJ
311:Fr.
189:Type
180:Rome
15914:and
15864:Art
15700:of
15005:(B)
14789:and
13904:in
13758:'s
13555:pdf
12799:———
12194:doi
10732:103
10683:doi
9214:doi
8813:hdl
8805:doi
8761:524
8677:doi
8642:XIV
8598:250
8462:doi
8458:103
8425:doi
7782:doi
7744:doi
7645:doi
7565:",
7407:152
7306:doi
6932:249
6853:doi
6295:: "
6060:in
5669:in
5386:to
5322:in
5126:.
4053:at
3958:at
3950:in
3800:In
3483:.
3432:in
3373:of
3012:by
2876:of
2759:in
2577:of
2180:'s
2001:'s
1927:one
1856:in
1837:);
1634:in
1616:Goa
1416:to
1325:by
986:),
966:),
805:of
778:of
774:of
761:JEZ
385:www
196:of
17390::
17345:ru
17330:ru
17318:ru
17271::
17213:ru
17198:de
13885:.
13865:.
13667:.
13607:;
13603:;
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