653:
However, the secrets were revealed anyway. Schöffer's sons (Fust's grandsons) Johann and Peter continued on in their father's and grandfather's footsteps. The younger Peter's son Ivo also made printing his career. Johann Fust may not have started out as a printing man but he certainly ended up influencing a whole new generation of printing. What started out in
Germany spread to other parts of the world. It seemed unlikely that the original partnership between Fust and Gutenberg would end up having the effect that it ultimately did on the printing press. Many people will credit and continue to credit Gutenberg for much of the success of the 42-line Bible and for printing in general. The facts do state, however, that if it was not for Johann Fust that this Bible would have never been created in the first place. Fust controlled the sales aspect as well and branched out this creation to people in other countries. Thanks to Fust's partnership with Schöffer a whole new generation of printers were brought into the world. The argument remains who is the true father of the printing press. Johann Fust is the name that most people still do not know today. Johann Fust will always be the man who turned his back on Gutenberg; however, he will also always be the man that truly began the printing press (through cunning and greed but there will also be people who call it business strategy).
555:
mistaken for blood. It was also discovered that all of the letters in these bibles, presented to the King and his courtiers as hand-copied manuscripts, were oddly identical. Fust had sold 50 bibles in Paris and the people there could not fathom the making and selling of so many bibles so quickly, because printing had not come to the forefront yet in France. Parisians figured that the devil had something to do with the making of these copies, and Fust was thrown into jail on charges of black magic. He was eventually released, since it was proved he was running a business in which printing enabled the rapid production of multiple copies of the same text.
546:
businessman Fust could find ways to do what he was best at, which was to sell the books that they were making. They made copies of the famed "42-line Bible" in both paper and vellum. The paper ones were sold for 40 guilders each, while the ones on vellum were sold for 75 guilders apiece. Fust set up a sales branch in Paris as well, expanding the sales of this Bible on a global level (long before any type of global businesses were even thought about in society). Paris is also believed to be the place where Fust died in 1466.
334:
695:
211:
149:
87:
46:
326:
422:(died 1468), Fust has been called the inventor of printing, and the instructor as well as the partner of Gutenberg. Some see him as a patron and benefactor who saw the value of Gutenberg's discovery and supplied him with the means to implement it, whereas others portray him as a speculator who took advantage of Gutenberg's necessity and robbed him of the profits of his invention. Whatever the truth, the
563:
The story may be just as unfounded as the legend that linked the figure of Johann Fust with that of Dr
Faustus. The adverse reaction it depicts should not be taken as typical; many early references were at worst ambivalent. The ones that are most frequently cited associate printing with divine rather
537:
Johann Fust was not much of a printer but more of a businessman and a salesman. Fust loaned 800 guilders (with an interest of 6%) to
Johannes Gutenberg with which to start his original project. Later, another large sum of money was handed over from Fust to Gutenberg. At this point, Fust felt as if he
541:
There were all but three Bibles left to be completed when Fust decided to foreclose on his loans. On
November 6, 1455, Fust demanded 2,026 guilders from Gutenberg. He also revealed in court that he had to borrow the money he gave to finance Gutenberg at 6% in order to even give the loan. All in all,
524:
Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer carried on a partnership after Fust sued and won a case against Johann
Gutenberg in 1455 for the right to take back his loans that he offered Gutenberg years earlier. Many rumors came to light about why Fust turned his back on Gutenberg merely a year before the 42-Line
568:
It does seem plausible to historians of print that Fust may have alarmed certain vested interests in the Paris book trade, and may have had bibles confiscated in Paris in 1465. In general, the church and the
Sorbonne welcomed the new technology. Until early sources are verified for this story about
441:
The suit was apparently decided in Fust's favour, November 6, 1455, in the refectory of the
Barefooted Friars of Mainz, when Fust swore that he himself had borrowed 1550 guilders and given them to Gutenberg. There is no evidence that Fust, as is usually supposed, removed the portion of the printing
652:
After Peter Schöffer married Fust's daughter, Christina, the printing business of Fust and Schöffer carried on through offspring. Fust and Schöffer had done much to keep their printing methods secret, even going as far as to make their employees swear by oath that they would not reveal anything.
554:
It was once believed that Johann Fust was working for the devil. After several of
Gutenberg’s bibles were sold to King Louis XI of France, it was decided that Fust was performing witchcraft. This idea came about for a few reasons, including the fact that some of the type was printed in red ink,
437:
in 1450, and another 800 in 1452) to carry on his work, and that Fust, in 1455, brought a suit against
Gutenberg to recover the money he had lent, claiming 2026 guilders for principal and interest. It appears that he had not paid in the 300 guilders a year which he had undertaken to furnish for
545:
From that point on
Gutenberg was hardly ever heard from again and Fust went into partnership with Peter Schöffer. Schöffer had learned all the fine skills of printing from Gutenberg. This meant that Schöffer would be able to use the same techniques he had learned and practiced, while the savvy
528:
Peter Schöffer was an associate of Fust that worked as an apprentice to Gutenberg during the making of the 42-Line Bible. Schöffer took Fust's side when the court case was presented to Gutenberg, and subsequently had his name join Fust's on the completed copies of the Bible. The twist is that
585:
three Baumeisters (master-builders) who were to choose twelve chief parishioners as assistants for life. One of the first of these "Vervaren", who were named on May 1, 1464, was Johannes Fust, and in 1467 Adam von Hochheim was chosen instead of the late
460:
of August 14, 1457 (a folio of 350 pages, the first printed book with a complete date) was remarkable for the beauty of the large initials printed each in two colours, red and blue, from types made in two pieces. New editions of the
635:
According to some sources, the speed and precise duplication abilities of the printing press caused French officials to claim that Fust was a magician, leading some historians to connect Fust with the legendary character of
781:
The goldsmith bankers were private bankers who did practically all the banking business in Western Europe during the seventeenth century and before. People who possessed gold deposited it with the goldsmiths for
845:
Others held that Fust was the greedy money man who robbed poor Gutenberg of his invention, his business, and his fortune, leaving him penniless. None of this, it now seems, is true.
594:, which raged there in August and September. He certainly was in Paris on July 4, when he gave Louis de Lavernade of the province of Forez, then chancellor of the duke of
624:
of Paris, where Fust was buried. Peter Schöffer, who married Fust's daughter (c. 1468), also founded a similar memorial service for Fust in 1473 in the church of the
525:
Bible was to be completed (even though Gutenberg had not only agreed to pay back the original loans but also was allowing Fust to add interest onto them).
941:
569:
witchcraft accusations, it may be that Schafer and Goldschmidt were extrapolating under the influence of the Johann Fust / Johann Georg Faust confusion.
620:), Peter Schöffer, Johann Fust (son), and Schöffer's presumed partner Conrad Henlif (variantly, Henekes or Henckis) instituted an annual mass in the
972:
707:
423:
159:
1243:
716:
897:
Uhlendorf, B.A. (1932). "The Invention of Printing and Its Spread till 1470: With Special Reference to Social and Economic Factors".
542:
Gutenberg ended up having to pay 1,200 guilders to Fust along with all of the completed Bibles, unfinished books, and his workshop.
398:, an old and quite distinct family, placed Johann Fust in their pedigree. Johann's brother Jacob, a goldsmith, was one of the
1103:
167:
275:
247:
1238:
1041:
869:
831:
767:
312:
294:
192:
130:
73:
454:
in 1449), who in about 1455 married Fust's only daughter Christina. The first publication by Fust and Schöffer, the
337:
Often taken to be a portrait of Doctor Faustus, this is an idealised portrait of Johann Fust with his printed Bible.
112:
387:
254:
1233:
418:
of Strasbourg. Like many medieval goldsmiths, he also functioned as a financier. Because of his connection with
740:
582:
375:, traceable back to the early thirteenth century. Members of the family held many civil and religious offices.
232:
97:
945:
261:
438:
expenses, wages, etc., and, according to Gutenberg, had said that he had no intention of claiming interest.
641:
228:
59:
606:, as appears from a note in Lavernade's own hand at the end of the book, which is now in the library of
243:
621:
960:
864:. Volume 372 of Rechtshistorische Reihe, ISSN 0344-290X (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
465:
with the same type appeared in 1459 (August 29), 1490, 1502 (Schöffer's last publication) and 1516.
1228:
993:
406:, in the course of which he seems to have been killed (suggested by a document dated May 8, 1678).
442:
materials covered by his mortgage to his own house, and carried on printing there with the aid of
662:
221:
163:
108:
1165:
428:
34:
1218:
1159:
802:
538:
needed to be included as a partner on the project since he had now invested so much into it.
20:
700:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1223:
1027:
556:
433:
document of November 6, 1455, shows that Fust advanced money to Gutenberg (apparently 800
8:
578:
403:
356:
268:
644:'s Faust, a printer, may borrow more from Fust than other versions of the Faust legend.
1136:
922:
914:
823:
The Gutenberg Parenthesis: The Age of Print and Its Lessons for the Age of the Internet
419:
1099:
1047:
1037:
1001:
926:
865:
827:
763:
736:
390:, called his father-in-law "Faust." Thenceforward, the family assumed this name. The
104:
1031:
796:
590:) Johannes Fust. Fust is said to have gone to Paris in 1466 and to have died of the
443:
379:
333:
1128:
906:
595:
487:
472:
65:
1195:
Mainz: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 17 Dec. 1465, at The Library of Congress.
1187:
Mainz: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 25 June 1460, at The Library of Congress.
1055:
1009:
859:
821:
757:
625:
1178:
Mainz: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 6 Oct. 1459, at The Library of Congress.
591:
1199:
1191:
1051:
1212:
720:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 373–374.
711:
701:
455:
395:
1182:
1059:
1013:
1005:
27:
1204:
Mainz: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 1465, at The Library of Congress.
1158:
817:
529:
Schöffer ended up marrying Fust's only daughter, Christina, years later.
510:
399:
368:
918:
861:
Gutenberg vor Gericht: der Mainzer Prozess um die erste gedruckte Bibel
1140:
1173:
210:
115:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1132:
910:
599:
496:(1462), folio 2 vols., 242 and 239 leaves, 48 lines to a full page
402:
in 1462, when Mainz was stormed and sacked by the troops of Count
434:
353:
795:
762:. Centennial, Colorado: Glenbridge Publishing Ltd. p. 125.
325:
174:
607:
603:
506:
447:
759:
Debt Virus: A Compelling Solution to the World's Debt Problems
613:
Nothing further is known about Fust save that, on October 30 (
414:
Fust, along with his brother, was a member of the goldsmiths'
637:
451:
415:
391:
372:
756:
Jaikaran, Jacques S. (1992). "Banking and the Goldsmiths".
503:, with Andreae's gloss, December 17, 1465, folio 141 leaves
383:
33:"John Fust" redirects here. For the ice hockey player, see
1119:
Jensen, Eric (Autumn 1982). "Liszt, Nerval, and "Faust"".
1098:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 73.
1093:
899:
The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy
1183:
Catholic Church. Pope (1305–1314 : Clement V).
826:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 47.
235:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
998:Medieval Texts and their First Appearance in Print
1210:
1096:Meggs' History of Graphic Design, Fourth Edition
16:Inventor/Investor of the first press (died 1466)
905:(3). The University of Chicago Press: 179–231.
378:The name was written "Fust" until 1506, when
793:
1094:Meggs, Philip B.; Alston W. Purvis (2006).
992:
971:(1). Wisconsin Historical Society: 95–100.
733:Johann Gutenberg, The Man and his Invention
647:
74:Learn how and when to remove these messages
19:"Fust" redirects here. For other uses, see
1127:(2). University of California Press: 153.
1026:
382:, in dedicating the German translation of
1036:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
896:
598:and first president of the parliament of
549:
468:Fust and Schöffer's other works include:
313:Learn how and when to remove this message
295:Learn how and when to remove this message
193:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1033:The Printing Press as an Agent of Change
892:
890:
888:
755:
735:. Aldershot: Scolar Press. p. 157.
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
332:
324:
173:Relevant discussion may be found on the
958:
705:
1211:
1118:
944:. pp. 59, 61, 126. Archived from
857:
816:
352:1400 – October 30, 1466) was an early
1078:
986:
885:
675:
559:cites a similar story, and comments:
952:
806:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
730:
519:
362:
233:adding citations to reliable sources
204:
142:
80:
39:
1000:. London: Bibliographical Society.
942:"Tribute to the Father of Printing"
939:
628:at Mainz (Karl Georg Bockenheimer,
532:
446:of Gernsheim (known to have been a
13:
1244:15th-century German businesspeople
959:Schafer, Joseph (September 1926).
602:, a copy of his second edition of
14:
1255:
1151:
965:The Wisconsin Magazine of History
55:This article has multiple issues.
800:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
693:
388:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
209:
147:
85:
44:
1176:Rationale divinorum officiorum.
1112:
1087:
1072:
1020:
975:from the original on 2023-12-02
961:"Treasures in Print and Script"
220:needs additional citations for
63:or discuss these issues on the
1081:A History of European Printing
1028:Eisenstein, Elizabeth Lewisohn
933:
850:
810:
787:
749:
724:
477:Rationale divinorum officiorum
1:
1083:. Academic Press. p. 59.
858:Empell, Hans-Michael (2008).
706:Hessels, John Henry (1911). "
668:
614:
349:
26:For the German magician, see
820:(1 June 2023). "Gutenberg".
642:Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
581:appointed for the parish of
7:
656:
409:
111:the claims made and adding
10:
1260:
630:Geschichte der Stadt Mainz
622:abbey-church of St. Victor
32:
25:
18:
1239:Medieval German merchants
1193:Liber Sextus Decretalium.
994:Goldschmidt, Ernst Philip
479:(1459), folio, 160 leaves
648:Successors and influence
572:
484:Clementine Constitutions
717:Encyclopædia Britannica
663:Laurens Janszoon Coster
501:Sixth Book of Decretals
1234:Printers of incunabula
1166:Encyclopedia Americana
566:
550:Witchcraft accusations
338:
330:
35:John Fust (ice hockey)
1160:"Faust, Johann"
1079:Clair, Colin (1976).
803:Catholic Encyclopedia
794:Edmund Burke (1913).
731:Kapr, Albert (1996).
564:than diabolic powers.
561:
336:
328:
160:synthesis of material
21:Fust (disambiguation)
948:on November 2, 2012.
557:Elizabeth Eisenstein
486:, with the gloss of
229:improve this article
494:Biblia Sacra Latina
367:Fust was born to a
1174:Guillaume Durand.
1121:19th-Century Music
579:Adolf II of Nassau
420:Johannes Gutenberg
404:Adolf II of Nassau
339:
331:
170:to the main topic.
164:verifiably mention
158:possibly contains
96:possibly contains
1105:978-0-471-69902-6
797:"John Fust"
520:Fust and Schöffer
490:(1460), 51 leaves
363:Family background
323:
322:
315:
305:
304:
297:
279:
203:
202:
195:
141:
140:
133:
98:original research
78:
1251:
1170:
1162:
1145:
1144:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1024:
1018:
1017:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
956:
950:
949:
940:Brennan, Fleur.
937:
931:
930:
894:
883:
882:
880:
878:
854:
848:
847:
842:
840:
814:
808:
807:
799:
791:
785:
784:
778:
776:
753:
747:
746:
728:
722:
721:
699:
697:
696:
690:
619:
616:
533:As a businessman
488:Johannes Andreae
473:Guillaume Durand
432:
351:
318:
311:
300:
293:
289:
286:
280:
278:
237:
213:
205:
198:
191:
187:
184:
178:
151:
150:
143:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
113:inline citations
89:
88:
81:
70:
48:
47:
40:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1229:German printers
1209:
1208:
1185:Constitutiones.
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1044:
1025:
1021:
991:
987:
978:
976:
957:
953:
938:
934:
895:
886:
876:
874:
872:
855:
851:
838:
836:
834:
815:
811:
792:
788:
774:
772:
770:
754:
750:
743:
729:
725:
694:
692:
691:
676:
671:
659:
650:
626:Dominican Order
617:
575:
552:
535:
522:
426:
412:
365:
319:
308:
307:
306:
301:
290:
284:
281:
238:
236:
226:
214:
199:
188:
182:
179:
172:
162:which does not
152:
148:
137:
126:
120:
117:
102:
90:
86:
49:
45:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1153:
1152:External links
1150:
1147:
1146:
1133:10.2307/746273
1111:
1104:
1086:
1071:
1042:
1019:
985:
951:
932:
911:10.1086/613119
884:
870:
849:
832:
809:
786:
768:
748:
741:
723:
712:Chisholm, Hugh
673:
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
658:
655:
649:
646:
574:
571:
551:
548:
534:
531:
521:
518:
517:
516:
504:
497:
491:
480:
444:Peter Schöffer
411:
408:
380:Peter Schöffer
364:
361:
321:
320:
303:
302:
217:
215:
208:
201:
200:
155:
153:
146:
139:
138:
93:
91:
84:
79:
53:
52:
50:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1256:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1075:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:0-521-22044-0
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
947:
943:
936:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
891:
889:
873:
871:9783631581087
867:
863:
862:
853:
846:
835:
833:9781501394843
829:
825:
824:
819:
813:
805:
804:
798:
790:
783:
771:
769:9780944435137
765:
761:
760:
752:
744:
738:
734:
727:
719:
718:
713:
709:
703:
702:public domain
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
674:
664:
661:
660:
654:
645:
643:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
570:
565:
560:
558:
547:
543:
539:
530:
526:
514:
513:
508:
505:
502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
485:
481:
478:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
464:
459:
458:
453:
449:
445:
439:
436:
430:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
401:
397:
396:Aschaffenburg
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
360:
358:
355:
347:
343:
335:
327:
317:
314:
299:
296:
288:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246: –
245:
244:"Johann Fust"
241:
240:Find sources:
234:
230:
224:
223:
218:This article
216:
212:
207:
206:
197:
194:
186:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
156:This article
154:
145:
144:
135:
132:
124:
114:
110:
106:
100:
99:
94:This article
92:
83:
82:
77:
75:
68:
67:
62:
61:
56:
51:
42:
41:
36:
29:
22:
1219:1400s births
1202:De Officiis.
1201:
1192:
1184:
1175:
1164:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1095:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1063:. Retrieved
1032:
1022:
997:
988:
977:. Retrieved
968:
964:
954:
946:the original
935:
902:
898:
875:. Retrieved
860:
852:
844:
837:. Retrieved
822:
818:Jarvis, Jeff
812:
801:
789:
782:safekeeping.
780:
773:. Retrieved
758:
751:
732:
726:
715:
708:Fust, Johann
651:
634:
629:
612:
587:
576:
567:
562:
553:
544:
540:
536:
527:
523:
515:, 88 leaves.
511:
500:
493:
483:
476:
467:
462:
456:
440:
424:Helmasperger
413:
400:burgomasters
377:
366:
345:
341:
340:
309:
291:
285:January 2024
282:
272:
265:
258:
251:
239:
227:Please help
222:verification
219:
189:
183:January 2024
180:
157:
127:
118:
95:
71:
64:
58:
57:Please help
54:
28:Johann Faust
1224:1466 deaths
632:, iv. 15).
618: 1471
512:De officiis
427: [
342:Johann Fust
329:Johann Fust
1213:Categories
1065:2024-01-20
1052:1036765571
979:2024-01-20
877:2 December
839:2 December
775:2 December
742:1859281141
669:References
583:St Quintin
371:family of
255:newspapers
121:March 2019
105:improve it
60:improve it
1060:17627927M
1014:21826943M
927:143821971
856:Compare:
577:In 1464,
175:talk page
109:verifying
66:talk page
1200:Cicero.
1030:(1979).
1006:14752135
996:(1943).
973:Archived
657:See also
600:Toulouse
448:scriptor
435:guilders
410:Printing
1169:. 1920.
919:4301902
714:(ed.).
704::
596:Bourbon
463:Psalter
457:Psalter
369:burgher
357:printer
269:scholar
103:Please
1141:746273
1139:
1102:
1058:
1050:
1040:
1012:
1004:
925:
917:
868:
830:
766:
739:
710:". In
698:
608:Geneva
604:Cicero
592:plague
507:Cicero
392:Fausts
354:German
271:
264:
257:
250:
242:
168:relate
1137:JSTOR
923:S2CID
915:JSTOR
638:Faust
588:selig
573:Death
452:Paris
431:]
416:guild
373:Mainz
346:Faust
276:JSTOR
262:books
1100:ISBN
1048:OCLC
1038:ISBN
1002:OCLC
879:2023
866:ISBN
841:2023
828:ISBN
777:2023
764:ISBN
737:ISBN
499:the
482:the
384:Livy
248:news
1129:doi
907:doi
450:at
394:of
386:to
344:or
231:by
166:or
107:by
1215::
1163:.
1135:.
1123:.
1056:OL
1054:.
1046:.
1010:OL
1008:.
969:10
967:.
963:.
921:.
913:.
901:.
887:^
843:.
779:.
677:^
640:.
615:c.
610:.
509:.
475:,
429:de
359:.
350:c.
69:.
1143:.
1131::
1125:6
1108:.
1068:.
1016:.
982:.
929:.
909::
903:2
881:.
745:.
586:(
348:(
316:)
310:(
298:)
292:(
287:)
283:(
273:·
266:·
259:·
252:·
225:.
196:)
190:(
185:)
181:(
177:.
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
101:.
76:)
72:(
37:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
