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His disclosures, although considered by some to be fraudulent, were believed by
President Madison and his Republican Party. They were made the subject of a special message to Congress, and created much excitement throughout the country. Some Federalists alleged that it was all a political trick that
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Craig promised Henry office in Canada, but died soon afterward, and the spy's efforts to obtain his reward in London, meeting with no success, he returned to the United States. En route to the United States in
September 1811, he made the acquaintance of one Comte Edouard de Crillon who Henry took
193:, who paid him $ 50,000 for his information, the other $ 40,000 of his reward to be guaranteed by the deed to an ancestral estate of de Crillon's. (Some sources state that Henry gave the bulk of the cash to de Crillon in exchange for the deed to de Crillon's estate in France named St. Martial.)
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Historians have been sharply critical of
Madison. Richard Leopold wrote, "In buying sight unseen, in February, 1812, the worthless Henry letters at the cost of a badly needed frigate in order to expose the supposed intrigues of the New England Federalists, Madison and Secretary of State Monroe
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into his confidence and to whom he explained the entire affair. De
Crillon suggested that Henry sell the correspondence to President Madison as Madison was seeking grounds on which to declare war on Britain. In reality, De Crillon was not a French count, but a notorious
163:. He reported constantly to Craig by letter, and at one time thought that in the event of war between Great Britain and the United States, Massachusetts would take the lead in establishing a northern confederacy, which might, in the end, ally itself with Great Britain.
235:, while she was living in Rome. George was eager to divorce Caroline because of her suspected adultery of which proof was needed to obtain a legal divorce. Details of Henry's later life are few, but he is believed to have died in Paris in 1853.
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As a younger son, Henry was not entitled to an inheritance and, about 1790, left for the United States to join an elderly uncle named Daniel McCormick, Esq. in New York. (Some sources say his name was McGillivary, others Keane.)
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When Henry's financial prospects soured, Henry obtained, through the influence of the
British minister to the United States, a commission as a captain in the United States Army, on June 1, 1798. This was during the
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Elizabeth bore him two daughters, Sophia-Duché Henry (b. 1799, d. about 1829) and
Elisabeth-Blois Henry (b. 1802, d. after 1882), prior to her untimely death on December 11, 1808, in Montreal at the age of 34.
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148:, and also studied law. Here he remained five years studying law and, occasionally, writing articles for the press against the republican form of government.
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155:, then Governor-General of Canada, who employed him in 1809 to find out the extent of the reported disaffection to the U.S. government in
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with Great
Britain. The Henry letters helped build outrage against Britain which led to the United States declaring war in June 1812.
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with France, when the Army was undergoing a great expansion. Henry commanded an artillery company, under
Brigadier General
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granted by the "Count de
Crillon" did not exist, as Crillon proved to be an impostor - possibly in the employ of Emperor
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132:, when the fort was first garrisoned on July 4, 1799. Near the end of 1800 he was transferred to Fort Sumner in
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who later went over to the
British side and was convicted of high treason against the state of Pennsylvania.
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Henry married Elizabeth Sophia Duché (born on September 18, 1774, in Philadelphia) on May 23, 1799, at
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to help distract the United Kingdom in a war with the United States prior to his invasion of Russia.
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When John Henry died, his daughter Elisabeth-Blois inherited his fortune estimated at 319,836
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369:"Biography – HENRY, JOHN – Volume VIII (1851-1860) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
277:. With half of this sum, Elisabeth-Blois and her husband Adolphe de Chanal bought the
33:– 1853) was a spy and adventurer of mysterious origins. He sold documents called the
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of the New York Militia, while he served as commanding officer of Fort Wood on
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Henry was described as being 5 feet 9 inches tall, blonde and "very handsome".
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The last known report of Henry was that he was employed in 1820 by King
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159:. Henry spent three months in Boston in this employment, living at the
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In the Spring of 1799, Henry and his company were ordered to deploy to
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had been devised by the President to cause war with Great Britain.
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403:. Tulle château de Sédières: Jean Vialle. pp. 258, 259, 273.
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Henry, on February 10, 1812, sold the documents, called the
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It is reputed that Henry was born to a well to do family in
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Henry sailed from New York for France aboard the sloop
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American State Papers, Foreign Affairs Vol. 3. p. 556.
247:in Philadelphia. She was the daughter of Reverend
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460:. Vol. VIII (1851–1860) (online ed.).
387:The Growth of American Foreign Policy: A History
420:Foreign Affairs Vol. 3. pp. 545 - 554.
270:) on February 24, 1844, in Nantes, France.
37:to the United States suggesting treason by
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423:Adams, Henry. "Count Edward de Crillon"
288:in the department of Corrèze in France.
16:For other people named John Henry, see
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219:looked like fools as well as knaves."
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151:These attracted the attention of Sir
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144:Henry settled on a farm in northern
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71:about 1793 and edited a newspaper,
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489:American people of the War of 1812
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454:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
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203:on March 9, 1812. The estate in
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457:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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427:. Vol. 1. No. 1. October, 1895.
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425:The American Historical Review
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121:against Federal taxation.
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322:"Count Edward de Crillon"
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418:American State Papers,
401:Chroniques de Sédières
117:to aid in suppressing
399:Vialle, Jean (1999).
385:Richard W. Leopold,
320:Adams, Henry (1895).
233:Caroline of Brunswick
161:Exchange Coffee House
130:Newport, Rhode Island
446:at Wikimedia Commons
253:Continental Congress
171:whose real name was
268:Franco-Prussian War
173:Paul Émile Soubiran
140:Political intrigues
279:castle of Sédières
41:on the eve of the
442:Media related to
264:Adolphe de Chanal
119:Fries's Rebellion
108:Governor's Island
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249:Jacob Duché
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157:New England
153:James Craig
43:War of 1812
39:Federalists
31: 1776
473:Categories
304:References
223:Later life
169:con artist
126:Fort Adams
49:Early life
24:John Henry
346:0002-8762
229:George IV
88:Quasi-War
292:See also
209:Napoleon
104:Fort Jay
412:General
205:Gascony
146:Vermont
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239:Family
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