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XER's signal was so strong that it could still be heard in Kansas. In 1932, the
Mexican government allowed Brinkley to increase his wattage to 150,000 watts. Several months later, Brinkley was allowed to increase to one million watts, "making XER far and away the most powerful radio station on the planet" that, on a clear night, could be heard as far away as Canada. According to accounts of the time, the signal was so strong that it turned on car headlights, made bedsprings hum, and caused broadcasts to bleed into telephone conversations. Local residents claimed to not need a radio to hear Brinkley's station; with ranchers claiming that they received it through their metal fences and in their dental appliances.
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677:, which owned a radio station that competed with Brinkley's, ran an unfavorable series of reports on him. By 1930, when the Kansas Medical Board held a formal hearing to decide whether Brinkley's medical license should be revoked, Brinkley had signed death certificates for 42 people, many of whom were not sick when they showed up at his clinic. It is unclear how many more of Brinkley's patients may have become ill or later died elsewhere. The medical board revoked his license, stating that Brinkley "has performed an organized charlatanism ... quite beyond the invention of the humble
535:, who challenged Brinkley to transplant goat testicles into one of his editors. If the operation was a success, Chandler wrote, he would make Brinkley the "most famous surgeon in America", and if not then he should consider himself "damned". California didn't recognize Brinkley's license to practice medicine from the Eclectic Medical University, but Chandler pulled some strings and got him a 30-day permit. The operation was judged a success, and Brinkley received his promised attention in Chandler's paper, which sent many new customers Brinkley's way, including some
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514:, who had become known for grafting monkey testicles into men. In 1920, Voronoff demonstrated his technique before several other doctors at a hospital in Chicago, at which Brinkley showed up uninvited. Though Brinkley was barred at the door, his appearance elevated his profile in the press, which eventually resulted in his own demonstration at a hospital in Chicago. Brinkley transplanted goat testicles into 34 patients, including a judge, an alderman, a society matron and the chancellor of the now-defunct Chicago Law School (not to be confused with the
667:"Brinkley Pharmaceutical Association". These affiliated pharmacies sold Brinkley's over-the-counter medicines at highly inflated prices, sent a portion of their profit back to Brinkley and kept the rest. It is estimated that this generated $ 14,000 in profit weekly for Brinkley (equivalent to $ 13,278,000 in 2023 per year). Reports of patients who took Brinkley's suggested treatments showing up sick at another doctor's office began to grow, and eventually
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711:, a political position that would enable him to appoint his own members to the medical board and thus regain his right to practice medicine in the state. He kicked off his candidacy just three days after he lost his medical license, using his radio station to help his campaign. At his side was KFKB's biggest country-music star, Roy Faulkner, who took to the stage with guitar and hat in hand. A
715:, Brinkley campaigned on a vague program of public works (a state lake in every county), education (free textbooks for public schoolchildren and increased educational opportunities for blacks), lower taxes, and old-age pensions. He appealed to the immigrant vote by putting German and Swedish-speaking people on the air at KFKB. Brinkley enlisted a pilot with his own plane (Brinkley dubbed it
806:). As construction got underway, Fishbein and the U.S. State Department desperately searched for a way to shut Brinkley down. Under heavy pressure from the State Department, the Mexican government halted construction on XER, but it was only temporary. Within weeks, construction resumed and soon two 300-foot (91 m) towers reached into the sky. XER, at 840 kilohertz on the
910:, and a swimming pool with a 10-foot (3.0 m) diving tower. Brinkley continued living high in Del Rio, until in 1938 a rival doctor began cutting into Brinkley's business by offering similar procedures much more cheaply. When Del Rio's city elders refused to put the competitor out of business, Brinkley closed up shop and reopened in downtown
364:, with a man named James E. Crawford (using the alias J. W. Burks). The two opened their shop as the "Greenville Electro Medic Doctors", and placed advertisements to attract men who were concerned about their manly vigor. They injected colored water into their patients at $ 25 a shot (equivalent to $ 800 in 2023), telling them it was
503:, which sent an agent to the clinic to investigate undercover. The agent found a woman hobbling around Brinkley's clinic who had been given goat ovaries as a cure for a spinal cord tumor. From then on, Brinkley was on the AMA's radar, including catching the eye of the doctor who would eventually be responsible for his downfall,
943:. A few days later, the jury found for Fishbein, stating that Brinkley "should be considered a charlatan and a quack in the ordinary, well-understood meaning of those words". The jury verdict unleashed a barrage of lawsuits against Brinkley, by some estimates well over $ 3 million in total value. Also around this time, the
211:, one of which was nearly successful. Brinkley's rise to fame and fortune was as quick as his eventual fall was precipitous. At the height of his career he had amassed millions of dollars, but he died nearly penniless as a result of the large number of malpractice, wrongful death, and fraud suits brought against him.
906:, specializing in the colon. By 1936, Brinkley had amassed enough wealth to build a mansion for himself and his wife on 16 acres (6.5 ha) of land. Brinkley boasted a stable of a dozen Cadillacs, a greenhouse, a foaming fountain garden surrounded by 8,000 bushes, exotic animals imported from the
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Brinkley used his new border blaster to resume his campaign for governor by using the telephone to call in his broadcasts to the transmitter. This approach did not work, and he lost yet another political campaign; he would lose again in 1934. Though
Brinkley's American radio license had been revoked,
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himself revoked the degree, though
Brinkley claimed it until he died. Fishbein's interest in putting Brinkley out of business grew and he wrote more articles featuring stories about people who had grown sick or died after seeing Brinkley. But JAMA's readership was mostly restricted to doctors, while
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Brinkley spoke for hours on end each day on the radio, primarily promoting his goat gland treatments. He variously cajoled, shamed, and appealed to men's (and women's) egos, and to their desire to be more sexually active. In between
Brinkley's own advertisements, his new station featured a variety of
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film stars. Brinkley was so taken with the cityâand all the money it represented in the form of potential patientsâthat he began making plans to relocate his clinic there. But his hopes were dashed when the
California medical board denied his application for a permanent license to practice medicine,
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Unsurprisingly, in light of his questionable medical training (75 percent completion at a less-than-reputable medical school), frequency of operating while intoxicated and less-than-sterile operating environments, some patients suffered from infection, and an undetermined number died. Brinkley would
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or "electric medicine from
Germany". After two months, the partners hurriedly left town with unpaid rent and utility bills, as well as debts for clothing and pharmaceutical supplies. The local newspaper reported that the duo left about 30 to 40 local merchants with unpaid checks. They ended up where
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In 1938, Brinkley's old nemesis, Morris
Fishbein, entered the picture again with a vengeance, publishing a two-part series called "Modern Medical Charlatans" that included a thorough repudiation of Brinkley's checkered career, as well as exposing his questionable medical credentials. Brinkley sued
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His prospects for success in Kansas destroyed, Brinkley sold KFKB to an insurance company and decided to move closer to the
Mexican border, where he could operate a high-power radio station with impunity. Though he could no longer practice medicine in Kansas, he kept his Milford clinic open and put
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refused to renew his station's broadcasting license, finding that
Brinkley's broadcasts were mostly advertising, which violated international treaties, that he broadcast obscene material, and that his Medical Question Box series was "contrary to the public interest". He sued the commission, but the
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After his birth on
September 3, 1927, the tiny voice of Brinkley's son John Richard Brinkley III, nicknamed "Johnny Boy", was heard on the radio program. Aware of the baby's arrival after 14 years of marriage, some observers wondered if Brinkley had taken his own goat gland treatment. The Brinkleys
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At his clinic, Brinkley began to perform more operations he claimed would restore male virility and fertility through implanting the testicular glands of goats in his male patients at a cost of $ 750 per operation (equivalent to $ 11,400 in 2023). Following one of his crude operations, the body
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Brinkley accepted an offer to take over the office of another doctor who was moving out of state. Brinkley began to turn a modest profit, and was finally able to pay Bennett Medical University the amount owed for tuition. In October 1914, the Brinkleys moved to Kansas City where he enrolled at that
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His campaign was conducted as an independent write-in candidate, because he waited to declare his candidacy until September, after the ballots had already been printed. Three days before the election, the Kansas attorney general (who had prosecuted Brinkley before the medical board) announced that
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The advertising boost his radio station gave him was enormous, and Milford benefited as well; Brinkley paid for a new sewage system and sidewalks, installed electricity, built a bandstand and apartments for his patients and employees, as well as a new post office to handle all of his mail. He was
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handed down 19 indictments to people responsible for conferring fake medical degrees, and for some doctors who received them. Brinkley was one, due mostly to his questionable application for a California medical license. When agents from California came to arrest Brinkley, the governor of Kansas,
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As recounted in the biography that Brinkley had commissioned, he struck upon the idea of transplanting goat testicles into men when a patient came to him to ask if he could fix someone who was "sexually weak". Brinkley responded by joking that the patient would have no problem if he had "a pair of
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and Knoxville. Brinkley was arrested in Knoxville and extradited to Greenville where he was put in jail for practicing medicine without a license and for writing bad checks. Brinkley told the sheriff that it was all Crawford's fault, and gave investigators enough information that they were able to
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At school, Brinkley was introduced to the study of glandular extracts and their effects on the human system. He determined that this new field would help move his career forward. After two years of studies, and ever-deeper debts, Brinkley doubled his summer workload by taking two shifts at Western
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problems, and expanded his business again. He also started a new radio segment called "Medical Question Box", where he would read listeners' medical complaints over the air and suggest proprietary treatments. These treatments were only available at a network of pharmacies that were members of the
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known as the Kansas City Eclectic Medical University and returned home. On February 11, 1913, his daughter Naomi Beryl Brinkley was born. The family of five immediately moved to New York City, and shortly thereafter to Chicago. When Brinkley refused to give up his goal of becoming a doctor, Sally
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injections and pills, all designed to help them regain their sexual prowess. At the clinic in the hotel where he lived, he also performed prostate operations. He also began selling airtime to other advertisers (at $ 1,700 an hour, equivalent to $ 31,000 in 2023), giving rise to new hucksters
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Brinkley and Crawford decided to settle out of court with Greenville's angry merchants for a sum of several thousand dollars, most of which Crawford paid. Brinkley's new father-in-law paid Brinkley's bail, but only contributed $ 200 to his fraudulent debt settlement (equivalent to $ 6,500 in
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In 1911, before Brinkley was finished with his third year of studies, Sally left him again, and bore him another daughter, Erna Maxine Brinkley, on July 11, 1911, back home in the Tuckasegee area. Brinkley left Chicago and his unpaid tuition bills to return to North Carolina and join his family.
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because he was underage. After he reached adulthood, he married four more times and outlived each of his wives. In 1870, at the age of 42, he married Sarah T. Mingus. Later, the 24-year-old niece of Mingus, Sarah Candice Burnett, moved into the house. The family called Brinkley's wife "Sally" to
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To resolve the possibility of his bigamy being exposed, Minnie pushed Brinkley to file for divorce from Sally, which he did in December 1915. To prevent the court from inquiring of Sally directly, he wrote that they had been married in New York City, and that he did not know her new place of
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Soon after Brinkley opened up shop, he scored an advertising coup that made major newspapers come calling: the wife of his first goat gland transplantation patient gave birth to a baby boy. Brinkley began promoting goat glands as a cure for 27 ailments, ranging from dementia to emphysema to
559:, a radio station Chandler owned. He immediately saw the power radio held as an advertising and marketing medium and resolved to build his own to promote his services, even though at the time advertising on public airwaves was very much discouraged. By 1923, he had enough capital to build
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and prostate "rejuvenations" for which he charged up to $ 1,000 per operation (equivalent to $ 22,200 in 2023), and prescribed his own proprietary medicine for after-care. His business, fueled by radio advertisements and speeches, continued to thrive, and he opened another clinic in
886:"âwhat today would be called pre-recordingsâto circumvent the law. Around this time, Brinkley decided to sever the rest of his ties to Kansas, closing down his hospital there and opening a new one in Del Rio, which took up three floors of the Roswell Hotel, where he lived with his wife.
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to work at one, then another, railway company. In late 1906, he returned home to Aunt Sally after hearing that she was unwell. She died on December 25, 1906. Afterward, he was comforted by Sally Wike, age 22 and one year older than Brinkley. They married on January 27, 1907, in
320:. Brinkley worked for Western Union as a telegrapher at night and attended classes during the day, while debts mounted from tuition, the cost of raising a family, and from Sally's self-centered whims. In 1908, the Brinkleys buried an infant son who had lived only three days.
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When the FRC banned what they called "spooks" (mind readers, fortune-tellers and other mystics) from broadcasting on U.S. radio in 1932, many of them followed Brinkley's model, opening their own border blasters in Mexico. By 1932, 11 such stations had opened, including
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Brinkley was still shuttling back and forth from Milford to Del Rio, often broadcasting from XER over the telephone. But in 1932, Congress passed a law prohibiting studios in the United States from being connected to transmitters in Mexico by telephone, known as the
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the rules surrounding write-in candidates had changed, and that the doctor's name could only be written in one specific way for the vote to count (as J. R. Brinkley). As a write-in candidate, he received more than 180,000 votes (29.5 percent of the vote) and lost to
584:, refused to extradite him because he made the state too much money. Brinkley took to his radio station's airwaves to crow about his victory over the American Medical Association and Fishbein, who by this time had started giving speeches and writing articles for the
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flatulence. He started a direct mail blitz and hired an advertising agent, who helped Brinkley portray his treatments as turning hapless men into "the ram that am with every lamb". His burst of publicityâand his stratospheric claimsâattracted the attention of the
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area, held each year during three or four months of winter. There, Brinkley met Sally Margaret Wike, the daughter of a well-off school board member. Brinkley finished his studies at 16 and began to work carrying mail between local towns, and to learn how to use a
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in elderly men, and paying the university $ 100 (equivalent to $ 3,000 in 2023), Brinkley graduated on May 7, 1915. His diploma from Eclectic allowed him to practice medicine in eight states. While in Kansas City, Brinkley took a job as the doctor for the
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plant, patching minor wounds and studying animal physiology. It was here that Brinkley learned that popular opinion held that the healthiest animal slaughtered at the plant was the goat, something that would prove pivotal to his later medical career.
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In 1934, Mexico revoked Brinkley's broadcast license, the result of pressure from the United States. Soldiers from the Mexican army arrived at the station's doorstep to shut him down, and for a time he had to broadcast from nearby XEPN, located in
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for a wide range of male ailments. Brinkley operated clinics and hospitals in several states and was able to continue practicing medicine for almost two decades despite his techniques being thoroughly discredited by the broader medical community.
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began investigating him for mail fraud, and Brinkley became a patient himself, having suffered three heart attacks and the amputation of one of his legs due to poor circulation. On May 26, 1942, Brinkley died penniless of heart failure in
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In 1918, Brinkley opened a 16-room clinic in Milford, where he won over the locals immediately by paying good wages, invigorating the local economy, and making house calls on patients afflicted with the virulent and deadly outbreak of the
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Union, but came home one day to find his wife and daughter gone. Sally filed for divorce and child support, but after two months of payments, Brinkley kidnapped his daughter and fled with her to Canada. Sally Brinkley, unable to obtain an
719:) to deliver him in grand style at his campaign rallies. In short, Brinkley was a master of the publicity stunt; when a prominent newspaper reporter ran an article critical of his qualifications to run a state, Brinkley sent him a goat.
352:. He was unable to pay Bennett Medical College the tuition he owed them, so they refused to forward his scholastic records to any of the medical schools that Brinkley had approached. Instead, Brinkley bought a certificate from a shady
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Although he was stripped of his license to practice medicine in Kansas and several other states, Brinkley, a demagogue beloved by hundreds of thousands of people in Kansas and elsewhere, nevertheless launched two campaigns for
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of a patient would typically absorb the goat tissue as foreign matter. The goat gonads failed to engraft into the body, as they were simply placed within the human male testicle sac or the abdomen of women, near the ovaries.
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The Mexican government, eager to get even with its northern neighbors for dividing up North America's radio frequencies without giving any to Mexico, granted Brinkley a 50,000-watt radio license and construction began on
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having found his resume "riddled with lies and discrepancies" (most of which were discovered and pointed out to the board by Fishbein). Brinkley returned to Kansas undaunted and began to expand his clinic in Milford.
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In Memphis, Brinkley met 21-year-old Minerva Telitha "Minnie" Jones, a friend of Crawford's and the daughter of a local physician. On August 23, 1913, after a four-day courtship, Brinkley and Jones married at the
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411:, where he again obtained an "undergraduate license" to practice medicine, advertising his specialty as "diseases of women and children". He made little profit, and joined the Army Reserve Medical Corps.
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shilling products such as "Crazy Water Crystals", "genuine simulated" diamonds, life insurance, and an array of religious paraphernalia, including what was purported to be autographed pictures of
316:, where they celebrated the birth of their daughter Wanda Marion Brinkley on November 5. John Brinkley then enrolled at Bennett Medical College, an unaccredited school with curricula focused on
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pharmaceuticals, whose medicines Brinkley routinely misprescribed, requested Fishbein take action; the AMA responded that they had no power over Brinkley, save to try to inform the public.
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457:. For all his later infamy as a charlatan, accounts of his success at nursing flu victims back to health, and the lengths to which he went to treat them, were resoundingly positive.
1348:*Fowler, Gene and Crawford, Bill. Border Radio: Quacks, yodelers, pitchmen, psychics, and other amazing broadcasters of the American airwaves, Texas Monthly Press, Austin. 1987.
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Two years ago Governor Woodring squeezed into office with a majority of 319 votes. John Brinkley, his name not on the ballot, polled close to the leaders with 188,000 votes.
732:. Touting Brinkley's military service during World War I and decrying the loss of his medical license, it instructs voters explicitly how to vote for the write-in candidate.
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city's Eclectic Medical University to finish out his last year remaining of the education he started at Bennett. After studying the irritations and enlargements of the
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Brinkley continued his old radio format of medical advice keyed to advertising products. Male listeners were offered an array of expensive concoctions which included
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estimated that between 30,000 and 50,000 ballots were disqualified in this manner. Woodring later admitted that had those votes counted, Brinkley would have won.
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order from Canada, dismissed her suit for alimony and child support, allowing Brinkley to return to Chicago with the child where the couple reunited in marriage.
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podcast episode #86, "Man of the People", is about Brinkley's life. In 2017, it was announced that a movie based on the podcast episode, directed and written by
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His house, commonly called the Brinkley Mansion, still stands today at 512 Qualia Drive in Del Rio and has been designated Texas Historic Landmark number 13015.
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In early 2017, the bronze winged angel atop his grave column was cut off and stolen, in an ongoing spate of similar robberies from Memphis cemeteries.
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arrest Crawford in Pocatello. The two former partners met again in jail. Brinkley and Minerva had a son, John, who would commit suicide in the 1970s.
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Eager for better credentials, in 1925 Brinkley traveled to Europe searching for honorary degrees. After being rebuffed by several institutes in the
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2023). Brinkley rejoined Minnie Brinkley in Memphis. There, Sally Brinkley confronted the couple, informing Minnie Brinkley that her husband was a
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when Brinkley was five. Sarah T. "Aunt Sally" and John Brinkley moved with Sarah Burnett's child to East LaPorte within the same county, near the
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Though Brinkley continued to perform the occasional goat gland transplant, in Texas his practice shifted mostly to performing slightly modified
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those buck glands in you". The patient then begged Brinkley to try the operation, which Brinkley did, for $ 150. (The patient's son later told
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There, he began working as an "undergraduate physician", but failed to establish himself. He moved his family around to different towns in
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Fishbein for libel and $ 250,000 in damages (equivalent to $ 5,410,000 in 2023). The trial began on March 22, 1939 before Texas judge
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residence. The divorce was finalized on February 21, 1916. Four days later, Minnie and Brinkley were married again, this time in
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John Richard Brinkley died when his son was ten years old. The young Brinkley attended a one-room log cabin school in the
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entertainment including military bands, French lessons, astrological forecasts, storytelling and exotica such as native
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Brinkley ran again in 1932 as an Independent, receiving 244,607 votes (30.6 percent of the vote), losing to Republican
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Brinkley's life and career is the subject of several books written in the 20th and 21st centuries, including works by
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differentiate between the two Sarahs. Sarah Burnett gave birth out of wedlock to John Romulus Brinkley in the town of
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two of his protégés in charge. Wooed by the prospect of being a big fish in a very small pond, Brinkley relocated to
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RineyâKehrberg, Pamela. "The radio diary of Mary Dyck, 1936â1955: The listening habits of a Kansas farm woman."
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Border Radio: Quacks, yodelers, pitchmen, psychics, and other amazing broadcasters of the American airwaves
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began investigating him for tax fraud. He declared bankruptcy in 1941, the same year implementation of the
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that Brinkley had in fact offered to pay his father "handsomely" if he'd go along with the experiment.)
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John Belton: 'Awkward Transitions: Hitchcock's "Blackmail" and the Dynamics of Early Film Sound' in
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Clark, Carroll D., and Noel P. Gist. "Dr. John R. Brinkley: A Case Study In Collective Behavior."
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Brinkley reacted to losing his medical and broadcast licenses by launching a bid to become the
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Charlatan: America's Most Dangerous Huckster, the Man Who Pursued Him, and the Age of Flimflam
997:(2002), and Pope Brock (2008). In 2012, Brinkley was featured in episode 1 of season 3 of the
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At the same time, other doctors were also experimenting with gland transplantation, including
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In 1912, Brinkley left his family to try to regain the thread of his education, this time in
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followed suit, bringing unwelcome attention Brinkley's way. In July 1924, a grand jury in
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Brinkley was born to John Richard Brinkley, a poor mountain man who practiced medicine in
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Branyan, Helen B. "Medical Charlatanism: The Goat Gland Wizard of Milford, Kansas." The
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Will You Miss Me When I'm Gone?: The Carter Family & Their Legacy in American Music
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1986:"Robert Downey Jr. To Star In Con Man Pic Based On Podcast; Richard Linklater Directs"
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into humans. Although initially Brinkley promoted this procedure as a means of curing
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and North Carolina, "packing up and going all the time from one place to another".
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Brinkley left him one final time, taking the three girls home to North Carolina.
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1130:"Notes on the Late Dr. John R. Brinkley, Whom Radio Raised to a Certain Fame"
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American broadcasting: a source book on the history of radio and television
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In 1917, Brinkley, now an Army Reservist, was called up for service during
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Brinkley's radio station poured directly into peoples' homes every day.
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1967:"Robert Downey Jr. to Star in Richard Linklater Movie Based on Podcast"
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published a scathing expose of medical diploma mills, and in 1924, the
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1920 newspaper item highlighting "Billy", the "First Goat-Gland Baby"
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provided an avenue for the United States to get Mexico to shut down
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The Impact of John R. Brinkley on Broadcasting in the United States
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2321:
The Memory Palace, history podcast episode: "You Know Youâre Sick"
952:
811:
421:
333:
313:
245:
2253:
Shelby, Maurice E. "John R. Brinkley and the Kansas City Star."
2005:"How a Huckster Kansan Became 1917's Donald Trump of Erections"
867:
614:
named an "admiral" in the Kansas Navy and sponsored a hometown
603:
404:
391:
197:
2325:
918:. His competition from Del Rio opened a new cancer center in
2266:
The politician; his habits, outcries, and protective coloring
662:
Brinkley began claiming his goat glands could also help male
630:
248:, the mythical twin suckled by wolves. Sarah Burnett died of
2218:, illustrated, Del Rio. 1983. (16 page comic book biography)
726:
1930 gubernatorial campaign advertisement, published in the
1942:
871:
863:
859:
855:
610:
including old-time string band, gospel, and early country.
590:
560:
174:
2024:"The Resistible Rise of J. R. Brinkley audio drama review"
922:, about 150 miles (240 km) northwest of Little Rock.
691:
KFKB Broadcasting Association v. Federal Radio Commission
543:
Brinkley's activities inspired the film industry term '
157:; July 8, 1885 – May 26, 1942) was an American
882:. Unfazed, Brinkley began using some of the first "
184:, he later claimed that the technique was a virtual
2282:The Life of a Man: A Biography of John R. Brinkley
2178:A History of Tennessee and Tennesseans, Volume VII
1590:, University of California Press, pp. 33â35,
684:Six months after losing his medical license, the
649:Minnie Brinkley holding John Richard Brinkley III
550:
2346:
2203:Lichty, Lawrence Wilson and Topping, Malachi C.
2112:, University of Kansas Press, 1959, p. 210.
1051:, about Brinkley's life titled The Goat Doctor.
464:Operating room at the Brinkley Hospital, Milford
260:. The family had little money during this time.
2316:A promotional pamphlet for Brinkley's hospitals
507:, who made his career exposing medical frauds.
2255:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
1904:"Grave(stone) Robberies in Memphis Cemeteries"
1469:
949:North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement
774:, which lay just across a bridge from Mexico.
2181:, Lewis Publishing, 1913, pp. 2026â2027.
2175:Hale, Will Thomas and Merritt, Dixon Lanier.
1156:Wardlaw, Frank (1981). "The Goat-Gland Man".
447:
244:, naming her son after his father, and after
2311:A photo of one of Brinkley's campaign trucks
1070:as the subject of an episode of the podcast
762:, later Republican nominee for president in
16:American quack and radio pioneer (1885â1942)
2410:20th-century American far-right politicians
2002:
1466:, Vol. 83, No. 2 (Summer 1999), pp. 227-246
586:Journal of the American Medical Association
312:In 1907, Brinkley settled with his wife in
2400:People from Jackson County, North Carolina
2109:The Kansas doctor: a century of pioneering
1964:
1873:
1404:
1402:
1320:
1318:
1308:
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689:courts upheld the revocation and the case
633:. Fishbein and Brinkley's former teacher,
594:) deriding Brinkley and his treatments as
272:. He wished, however, to become a doctor.
144:Minerva Telitha "Minnie" Jones (1913â1942)
31:
1475:
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693:became a landmark case in broadcast law.
625:, Brinkley found a willing suitor in the
360:Brinkley set up a storefront business in
1983:
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231:. Brinkley senior's first marriage was
2306:NPR's On the Media Story about Brinkley
2193:, University Press of Kentucky. 2002.
2190:The Bizarre Careers of John R. Brinkley
2003:Kniggendorf, Anne (February 19, 2021).
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914:, with another hospital at what is now
777:Later in the decade, Brinkley became a
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2215:Doctor Brinkley: A Man and His Calling
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993:(1934 or 1936), Gerald Carson (1960),
749:. An article published at the time in
555:While in Los Angeles, Brinkley toured
2339:The Resistible Rise of J. R. Brinkley
2165:, Texas Monthly Press, Austin. 1987.
1965:Saperstein, Pat (February 14, 2017).
1920:
1874:Lauderdale, Vance (October 1, 2013).
1724:"John Brinkley, the goat-gland quack"
1482:. Simon & Schuster. p. 203.
1351:
1273:
1245:
1236:
1218:
1041:The Resistible Rise of J. R. Brinkley
784:
2209:, Hastings House, 1975, p. 558.
2143:The Roguish World of Doctor Brinkley
1984:Pedersen, Erik (February 14, 2017).
1943:Texas Historical Commission (2003).
1721:
1202:
798:" across the bridge from Del Rio in
483:be sued more than a dozen times for
407:. Minnie and John Brinkley moved to
2335:- the official website of the movie
2296:Dr. Brinkley, A Man and His Calling
1652:"POLITICAL NOTES: Capric Candidate"
1190:
1176:
1101:
703:Kansas gubernatorial election, 1930
696:
280:As a telegrapher, Brinkley went to
13:
2301:Audio clip of Brinkley at Wfmu.org
1660:. October 17, 1932. Archived from
1128:Hutchens, John K. (June 7, 1942).
925:
376:
14:
2426:
2289:
2159:Fowler, Gene and Crawford, Bill.
2022:Rodger, Shaun (January 1, 2021).
1088:Texas Archive of the Moving Image
934:Grave of John R. Brinkley in 2011
2395:People from Geary County, Kansas
1584:Simmons, Steven J., ed. (1978),
618:team called the Brinkley Goats.
516:University of Chicago Law School
2405:Pseudoscientific diet advocates
2227:, Northwestern University, 1958
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1587:Fairness Doctrine and the Media
1568:
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958:Soon after his bankruptcy, the
339:
192:He was also an advertising and
2385:Patent medicine businesspeople
1635:'"The J. R. Brinkley Platform"
1149:
1121:
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551:Brinkley's first radio station
521:In 1922, Brinkley traveled to
305:. Brinkley's next move was to
242:Jackson County, North Carolina
223:and served as a medic for the
65:Jackson County, North Carolina
1:
2365:American political candidates
1923:"Brinkley Mansion in Del Rio"
1722:Dash, Mike (April 18, 2008).
1639:Belleville (Kansas) Telescope
1054:
214:
2375:American radio personalities
2130:, Crown Publishing. 2008.
1641:, October 30, 1930, page 18.
745:in the cabinet of President
501:American Medical Association
369:Crawford had once lived, in
161:, broadcaster, marketer and
7:
2151:Kansas Journal of Sociology
2146:, Rinehart, New York, 1960.
960:U.S. Post Office Department
10:
2431:
2390:People from Del Rio, Texas
2118:Dr. Brinkley's Doctor Book
2098:Journal of Popular Culture
1417:Brock, 2008, pp. 43-44, 47
1369:Brock, 2008, pp. 27, 39-40
1084:"Goat Gland Doctor (1986)"
700:
448:Goat gland transplantation
362:Greenville, South Carolina
288:, after which he moved to
124:goat gland transplantation
2370:American radio executives
1047:aired a play, written by
984:
884:electrical transcriptions
138:
128:
120:
106:
91:
72:
42:
30:
23:
2232:Journal of Radio Studies
2106:Bonner, Thomas Neville.
1855:Brock, 2008, pp. 231-233
1846:Brock, 2008, pp. 224-225
1828:Brock, 2008, pp. 208-209
1810:Brock, 2008, pp. 199-200
1801:Brock, 2008, pp. 192-193
1765:Brock, 2008, pp. 175-176
1685:Brock, 2008, pp. 160-162
1625:Brock, 2008, pp. 156-159
1556:Brock, 2008, pp. 122-124
1529:Brock, 2008, pp. 115-117
1520:Brock, 2008, pp. 101-102
1476:Zwonitzer, Mark (2002).
945:Internal Revenue Service
920:Eureka Springs, Arkansas
892:Piedras Negras, Coahuila
686:Federal Radio Commission
572:Kansas City Journal-Post
1876:"The Goat Gland Doctor"
1783:Brock, 2008, p. 177-178
1004:Mysteries at the Museum
752:The Des Moines Register
487:between 1930 and 1941.
225:Confederate States Army
2263:Wallis, James Harold.
2221:Resler, Ansel Harlan.
2121:, J.R. Brinkley, 1937.
1694:Lee, 2002, pp. 127â129
1502:Brock, 2008, pp. 89-90
1444:Brock, 2008, pp. 58-59
1435:Brock, 2008, pp. 56-57
1426:Brock, 2008, pp. 47-48
935:
733:
650:
495:
465:
163:independent politician
142:Sally Wike (1907â1916)
2341:- audio drama podcast
1464:The Musical Quarterly
1378:Brock, 2008, p. 39-40
1360:Lee, 2002, pp. 23â24.
1300:Lee, 2002, pp. 20â22.
1270:Lee, 2002, pp. 17â19.
1215:Lee, 2002, pp. 11â12.
933:
912:Little Rock, Arkansas
800:Villa Acuña, Coahuila
747:Franklin D. Roosevelt
725:
701:Further information:
648:
525:at the invitation of
493:
463:
295:Sylva, North Carolina
196:who began the era of
155:John Richard Brinkley
151:John Romulus Brinkley
47:John Romulus Brinkley
2269:, Arno Press, 1974.
2257:22#1 (1978): 33â45.
2100:25#1 (1991): 31â37.
2073:British Comedy Guide
1224:Brock, 2008, pp. 7-9
1007:. In 2016, director
969:Forest Hill Cemetery
810:dial, radiated by a
739:Harry Hines Woodring
729:Belleville Telescope
675:The Kansas City Star
658:Medical Question Box
654:denied such rumors.
627:University of Pavia
606:songs, and American
472:The Kansas City Star
307:Knoxville, Tennessee
301:where they hawked a
276:Family and education
96:Forest Hill Cemetery
2380:Kansas Independents
1902:Lauderdale, Vance.
1864:Brock, 2008, p. 264
1837:Brock, 2008, p. 222
1792:Brock, 2008, p. 179
1747:Brock, 2008, p. 168
1712:Brock, 2008, p. 165
1664:on October 27, 2010
1616:Brock, 2008, p. 155
1565:Brock, 2008, p. 130
1547:Brock, 2008, p. 120
1233:Brock, 2008, p. 15.
1187:Lee, 2002, pp. 3â4.
171:xenotransplantation
2331:2021-04-15 at the
2243:, Harcourt, 2008.
2237:Rudel, Anthony J.
2234:5.2 (1998): 66â79.
2115:Brinkley, John R.
1945:"Brinkley Mansion"
1819:Brock, 2008 p. 201
1511:Brock, 2008, p. 90
1453:Brock, 2008, p. 67
1408:Brock, 2008, p. 41
1387:Brock, 2008, p. 40
1324:Brock, 2008, p. 24
1312:Brock, 2008, p. 21
973:Memphis, Tennessee
936:
916:Marylake Monastery
785:Brinkley and radio
734:
709:Governor of Kansas
651:
496:
466:
409:Judsonia, Arkansas
371:Memphis, Tennessee
229:American Civil War
100:Memphis, Tennessee
84:San Antonio, Texas
2415:American amputees
2249:978-0-15-101275-6
2240:Hello, Everybody!
2212:Musial, Matthew.
2069:"The Goat Doctor"
2042:"The Goat Doctor"
1774:Lee, 2002, p. 173
1756:Lee, 2002, p. 159
1703:Lee, 2002, p. 147
1637:(advertisement),
1597:978-0-520-03585-0
1489:978-0-684-85763-3
1396:Lee, 2002, p. 219
1242:Lee, 2002, p. 13.
1029:Robert Downey Jr.
1025:Richard Linklater
908:Galapagos Islands
582:Jonathan M. Davis
532:Los Angeles Times
455:1918 flu pandemic
431:Liberty, Missouri
422:Swift and Company
318:eclectic medicine
148:
147:
37:Brinkley, c. 1921
2422:
2285:, Goshorn, 1937.
2140:Carson, Gerald.
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1068:John R. Brinkley
1065:
812:sky wave antenna
743:Secretary of War
697:Political career
639:Benito Mussolini
258:Tuckasegee River
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2153:(1966): 52â58.
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802:(since renamed
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669:Merck & Co.
660:
553:
529:, owner of the
505:Morris Fishbein
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1035:and hosted by
1033:Edward Einhorn
999:Travel Channel
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844:Jimmie Rodgers
796:border blaster
786:
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772:Del Rio, Texas
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623:United Kingdom
566:St. Louis Star
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527:Harry Chandler
512:Serge Voronoff
485:wrongful death
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107:Occupation(s)
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92:Resting place
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2097:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2028:Set The Tape
2027:
2017:
2008:
1998:
1989:
1979:
1970:
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1948:. Retrieved
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1916:
1907:
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1885:. Retrieved
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1752:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
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1690:
1681:
1673:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1655:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1601:, retrieved
1586:
1579:
1574:Brock, 2008.
1570:
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1133:
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1091:. Retrieved
1087:
1078:
1063:
1040:
1018:
1013:
1002:
995:R. Alton Lee
991:Clement Wood
988:
980:
977:
957:
937:
896:
888:
880:Brinkley Act
876:
852:
828:Jesus Christ
820:
816:
804:Ciudad Acuña
788:
776:
768:
757:
750:
735:
727:
717:The Romancer
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354:diploma mill
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340:Diploma mill
330:
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284:to work for
279:
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254:tuberculosis
218:
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191:
167:diploma mill
159:quack doctor
154:
150:
149:
78:(1942-05-26)
76:May 26, 1942
57:July 8, 1885
18:
2360:1942 deaths
2355:1885 births
2047:BBC Radio 4
1921:Wikimapia.
1093:December 1,
1045:BBC Radio 4
1039:, entitled
965:San Antonio
899:vasectomies
794:, his new "
608:roots music
523:Los Angeles
438:World War I
388:Kansas City
326:extradition
227:during the
133:Independent
2349:Categories
1887:October 4,
1164:(2): 208.
1055:References
1037:Dan Butler
1009:Penny Lane
840:Gene Autry
760:Alf Landon
679:mountebank
635:Max Thorek
545:goat gland
290:New Jersey
265:Tuckasegee
215:Early life
53:1885-07-08
2009:The Pitch
1072:Reply All
1043:In 2024,
1020:Reply All
836:Red Foley
537:Hollywood
396:Pocatello
366:Salvarsan
346:St. Louis
270:telegraph
250:pneumonia
178:testicles
139:Spouse(s)
115:charlatan
2329:Archived
2155:in JSTOR
1990:Deadline
1950:June 17,
1928:June 17,
1668:June 17,
1170:43469345
741:, later
713:populist
664:prostate
616:baseball
604:Hawaiian
596:quackery
405:bigamist
350:Missouri
233:annulled
2091:Sources
1971:Variety
1733:May 31,
1603:July 1,
1001:series
334:Florida
314:Chicago
246:Romulus
203:radio.
198:Mexican
186:panacea
153:(later
2273:
2259:online
2247:
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2134:
2102:online
1594:
1486:
1168:
1141:May 7,
985:Legacy
846:, the
392:Denver
102:, U.S.
86:, U.S.
67:, U.S.
2326:Nuts!
1166:JSTOR
1014:Nuts!
1011:made
631:Italy
240:, in
2271:ISBN
2245:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2167:ISBN
2132:ISBN
2080:2024
2055:2024
1952:2010
1930:2010
1889:2022
1735:2020
1670:2010
1605:2010
1592:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1143:2009
1095:2019
953:XERA
872:XEPN
870:and
864:XELO
860:XERB
856:XENT
779:Nazi
764:1936
591:JAMA
561:KFKB
252:and
238:Beta
175:goat
73:Died
61:Beta
43:Born
971:in
868:XEG
792:XER
681:".
629:in
557:KHJ
173:of
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1672:.
1654:.
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1737:.
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588:(
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