341:
568:
454:
180:
613:
31:
429:
Gay-Lussac had a reputation as one of the greatest
European scientists of his day, well justified by his innumerable discoveries in both chemistry and physics. The restored royalty made him a Peer of France, although he worked politically with the anti-clerical party. He was closely associated with
421:
Gay-Lussac married Geneviève-Marie-Joseph Rojot in 1809. He had first met her when she worked as a linen draper's shop assistant; he noticed she was studying a chemistry textbook under the counter, which led to their acquaintance. The couple had five children, of whom the eldest (Jules) became a
363:
His father, Anthony Gay, son of a doctor, was a lawyer and prosecutor and worked as a judge in Noblat Bridge. Father of two sons and three daughters, he owned much of the Lussac village and began to add the name of this hamlet to his name, following a custom of the
466:
1802 – Gay-Lussac first published the law that at constant pressure, the volume of any gas increases in proportion to its absolute temperature. Since in his paper announcing the law he cited earlier unpublished work on this subject by
501:, he discovered that the composition of the atmosphere does not change with decreasing pressure (increasing altitude). They also discovered that water is formed by two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen (by volume).
1104:
1115:
139:
1191:
414:. In 1831 he was elected to represent Haute-Vienne in the chamber of deputies, and in 1839 he entered the chamber of peers. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
1196:
490:
made a hydrogen-balloon ascent; a second ascent the same year by Gay-Lussac alone attained a height of 7,016 metres (23,018 ft) in an early investigation of the
1186:
1112:
652:
1059:
Gay-Lussac, L. J.; von
Humboldt, A. (1805). "Expériences sur les moyens eudiométriques et sur la proportion des principes constituans de l'atmosphère".
1181:
1166:
815:
402:
at the École
Polytechnique, whom he succeeded in 1809 as professor of chemistry. From 1809 to 1832, he was also the professor of physics at the
1216:
1171:
144:
1141:
391:
868:
782:
340:
1176:
442:
426:
in
Giessen. Some publications by Jules are mistaken as his father's today since they share the same first initial (J. Gay-Lussac).
1231:
1226:
1211:
1136:
642:
603:
In
Australia, the "Gay-Lussac Room" at AB Mauri STC, Sydney, was named after him in honor of his work with yeast fermentation.
1206:
415:
530:
O evolved when an organic compound is fully oxidized by potassium chlorate. He also summarised the equation of alcoholic
1236:
1161:
1087:
992:
963:
411:
285:
232:
316:. He is known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen by volume (with
383:
Abbey of
Bourdeix. In the care of the Abbot of Dumonteil, he began his education in Paris, finally entering the
664:
494:. He wanted to collect air samples at different heights to record differences in temperature and moisture.
399:
862:
1079:
756:
597:
353:
55:
1098:
438:
1201:
1146:
751:
522:, he developed a method for quantitative elemental organic combustion analysis by measuring the CO
519:
793:
925:
1110:
Gay-Lussac's article (1809) "On the combination of gaseous substances", online and analyzed on
498:
317:
81:
384:
101:
682:
491:
1156:
1151:
1023:
8:
1061:
593:
512:
476:
403:
376:, his father, former king's attorney, was imprisoned in Saint Léonard from 1793 to 1794.
368:. Towards the year 1803, father and son formally adopted the name Gay-Lussac. During the
321:
125:
112:
1027:
829:
1047:
487:
458:
407:
329:
797:
1083:
1039:
988:
959:
369:
345:
116:
59:
1051:
810:
431:
1031:
1014:
636:
472:
395:
250:
244:
200:
365:
1119:
955:
834:
731:
711:
658:
468:
380:
373:
301:
194:
676:
1221:
861:
563:" and "burette" in an 1824 paper about the standardization of indigo solutions.
1130:
857:
761:
688:
670:
423:
306:
461:
ascend in a hydrogen balloon, 1804. Illustration from the late 19th century.
1043:
726:
531:
357:
567:
453:
586:
480:
901:
872:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 542.
398:
as his assistant. In 1804 he was appointed répétiteur (demonstrator) to
179:
1035:
984:
313:
162:
596:
are named after him as are a square and a street in his birthplace,
612:
582:
549:
541:
as a new element, described its properties, and suggested the name
129:
716:, Faculty of Sciences in Paris, (November 6, 1827, March 18, 1828)
479:. This law was independently and nearly simultaneously stated by
406:, a post which he only resigned for the chair of chemistry at the
560:
556:
309:
787:
538:
328:, and for his work on alcohol–water mixtures, which led to the
882:
Biographical
Dictionary Ancient and Modern, Volume 16, Michaud
505:
215:
121:
77:
497:
1805 – Together with his friend and scientific collaborator
379:
Gay-Lussac received his early education at the hands of the
30:
581:
Along with Thénard, Gay Lussac received 30,000 francs from
265:
259:
206:
1012:
Partington, J. R. (1950). "J. L. Gay-Lussac (1778–1850)".
325:
274:
256:
221:
203:
332:
used to measure alcoholic beverages in many countries.
1058:
1101:
from the
Encyclopædia Britannica, 10th Edition (1902)
286:
277:
271:
253:
233:
224:
218:
1192:
Fellows of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
437:
Gay-Lussac died in Paris, and his grave is there at
262:
212:
1099:
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist (1778–1850)
268:
209:
410:. In 1821, he was elected a foreign member of the
552:, determined its empirical formula, and named it.
390:Three years later, Gay-Lussac transferred to the
1187:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1128:
559:that included a side arm, and coined the terms "
555:1824 – He developed an improved version of the
1197:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
952:The Chemical Element: A Historical Perspective
816:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
706:Chemistry courses of the École Polytechnique
305:; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a
1011:
1182:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1167:Academic staff of the University of Paris
978:
511:1808 – Discovery and announcement of the
475:, though some sources use the expression
1073:
856:
611:
592:In Paris, a street and a hotel near the
566:
452:
394:, and shortly afterward was assigned to
339:
16:French chemist and physicist (1778–1850)
931:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
926:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter G"
1129:
443:72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower
1123:(for English, click 'à télécharger').
902:"December 6: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac"
673:(1807–1867), répétiteur in 1831–1837?
416:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
300:
1217:Foreign members of the Royal Society
981:Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry
891:Biographical sketch by Gay de Vernon
661:(1780–1840), répétiteur in 1813–1818
655:(1784–1865), répétiteur in 1809–1817
575:
1076:Gay-Lussac, Scientist and Bourgeois
949:
918:
643:Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy
607:
504:1808 – He was the co-discoverer of
13:
1005:
14:
1248:
1172:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
667:(1791–1863), répétiteur in 1817–?
513:law of combining volumes of gases
412:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
356:in the present-day department of
1177:Discoverers of chemical elements
1142:École des Ponts ParisTech alumni
863:"Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis"
249:
199:
178:
29:
972:
943:
699:
448:
1232:French aviation record holders
1227:Flight altitude record holders
1212:19th-century French physicists
894:
885:
876:
850:
835:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
822:
804:
775:
744:
571:Engraving of Gay-Lussac (1824)
1:
737:
518:1810 – In collaboration with
1207:19th-century French chemists
585:in the third edition of the
471:, the law is usually called
392:École des Ponts et Chaussées
335:
7:
720:
589:in 1809 for their research.
10:
1253:
1137:École Polytechnique alumni
1080:Cambridge University Press
757:Collins English Dictionary
632:
628:
625:
441:. His name is one of the
400:Antoine François Fourcroy
302:[ʒozɛflwiɡɛlysak]
177:
172:
168:
158:
151:
135:
108:
96:
88:
66:
37:
28:
21:
1237:French fluid dynamicists
1162:People from Haute-Vienne
869:Encyclopædia Britannica
794:Oxford University Press
616:Gravesite of Gay-Lussac
598:Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat
354:Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat
352:Gay-Lussac was born at
189:Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
56:Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat
23:Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
979:Rosenfeld, L. (1999).
617:
572:
548:1815 – He synthesized
499:Alexander von Humboldt
462:
439:Père Lachaise Cemetery
349:
318:Alexander von Humboldt
1074:Crosland, M. (1978).
790:UK English Dictionary
683:Henri-Victor Regnault
615:
570:
537:1811 – He recognized
520:Louis Jacques Thénard
456:
343:
515:; published in 1809.
1062:Journal de Physique
1028:1950Natur.165..708P
906:Freethought Almanac
622:
621:Academic genealogy
385:École Polytechnique
126:Combustion analysis
102:École polytechnique
1118:2019-06-16 at the
987:. pp. 72–75.
783:"Gay-Lussac's law"
713:Lessons of Physics
653:Jean-Jacques Colin
645:(1755–1809), Paris
639:(1748–1822), Paris
620:
618:
573:
492:Earth's atmosphere
488:Jean-Baptiste Biot
463:
408:Jardin des Plantes
350:
330:degrees Gay-Lussac
117:Degrees Gay-Lussac
1022:(4201): 708–709.
838:. Merriam-Webster
697:
696:
629:Notable students
626:Notable teachers
576:Awards and honors
186:
185:
153:Scientific career
60:Kingdom of France
1244:
1093:
1070:
1055:
1036:10.1038/165708a0
999:
998:
976:
970:
969:
950:Ede, A. (2006).
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
930:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
874:
873:
865:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
826:
820:
808:
802:
801:
796:. Archived from
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
748:
637:C. L. Berthollet
623:
619:
608:Academic lineage
477:Gay-Lussac's Law
396:C. L. Berthollet
304:
299:
293:
289:
284:
283:
280:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
248:
237:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
198:
182:
120:Co-discovery of
113:Gay-Lussac's law
73:
52:
50:
42:Joseph Louis Gay
33:
19:
18:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1202:French atheists
1147:Corps des ponts
1127:
1126:
1120:Wayback Machine
1090:
1008:
1006:Further reading
1003:
1002:
995:
977:
973:
966:
958:. p. 133.
956:Greenwood Press
948:
944:
934:
932:
928:
924:
923:
919:
910:
908:
900:
899:
895:
890:
886:
881:
877:
855:
851:
841:
839:
828:
827:
823:
809:
805:
781:
780:
776:
766:
764:
750:
749:
745:
740:
732:Joule expansion
723:
702:
659:Pierre Robiquet
610:
587:Galvanism Prize
578:
529:
525:
469:Jacques Charles
457:Gay-Lussac and
451:
374:Law of Suspects
338:
297:
291:
287:
252:
243:
242:
235:
202:
193:
192:
143:
128:
124:
119:
115:
97:Alma mater
84:
75:
71:
62:
53:
48:
46:
45:6 December 1778
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1125:
1124:
1108:
1105:Rue Gay-Lussac
1102:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1071:
1056:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
993:
971:
964:
942:
917:
893:
884:
875:
860:, ed. (1911).
858:Chisholm, Hugh
849:
821:
803:
800:on 2021-05-11.
774:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
729:
722:
719:
718:
717:
709:
701:
698:
695:
694:
693:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
665:César Despretz
662:
656:
648:
647:
646:
640:
631:
630:
627:
609:
606:
605:
604:
601:
590:
577:
574:
565:
564:
553:
546:
535:
527:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
486:1804 – He and
484:
450:
447:
432:François Arago
346:David d'Angers
344:Gay-Lussac by
337:
334:
184:
183:
175:
174:
170:
169:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
149:
148:
140:Pour le Mérite
137:
133:
132:
110:
109:Known for
106:
105:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
76:
74:(aged 71)
68:
64:
63:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1249:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1089:0-521-21979-5
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1009:
996:
994:90-5699-645-2
990:
986:
982:
975:
967:
965:0-313-33304-1
961:
957:
953:
946:
927:
921:
907:
903:
897:
888:
879:
871:
870:
864:
859:
853:
837:
836:
831:
825:
818:
817:
812:
807:
799:
795:
791:
789:
784:
778:
763:
762:HarperCollins
759:
758:
753:
747:
743:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
715:
714:
710:
708:, Vol.1&2
707:
704:
703:
690:
689:Justus Liebig
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:Jules Pelouze
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
650:
649:
644:
641:
638:
635:
634:
633:
624:
614:
602:
599:
595:
591:
588:
584:
580:
579:
569:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
533:
521:
517:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
473:Charles's Law
470:
465:
464:
460:
455:
446:
444:
440:
435:
433:
427:
425:
424:Justus Liebig
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
366:Ancien Régime
361:
359:
355:
347:
342:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
303:
295:
294:
282:
246:
240:
239:
229:
196:
190:
181:
176:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
69:
65:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1111:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1019:
1013:
980:
974:
951:
945:
933:. Retrieved
920:
909:. Retrieved
905:
896:
887:
878:
867:
852:
840:. Retrieved
833:
830:"Gay-Lussac"
824:
814:
811:"Gay-Lussac"
806:
798:the original
786:
777:
765:. Retrieved
755:
752:"Gay-Lussac"
746:
727:Brin process
712:
705:
700:Publications
677:Edmond Frémy
542:
532:fermentation
449:Achievements
436:
428:
420:
389:
378:
372:, under the
362:
358:Haute-Vienne
351:
188:
187:
152:
100:
72:(1850-05-09)
1157:1850 deaths
1152:1778 births
935:8 September
691:(1803–1873)
685:(1810–1878)
679:(1814–1894)
481:John Dalton
422:student of
324:related to
89:Nationality
1131:Categories
911:2016-02-04
738:References
370:Revolution
70:9 May 1850
49:1778-12-06
985:CRC Press
418:in 1832.
387:in 1798.
336:Biography
314:physicist
173:Signature
163:Chemistry
1116:Archived
1052:36973995
1044:15416794
842:6 August
767:6 August
721:See also
594:Sorbonne
583:Napoleon
550:cyanogen
404:Sorbonne
381:Catholic
322:two laws
145:ForMemRS
130:Cyanogen
1107:, Paris
1024:Bibcode
561:pipette
557:burette
348:, 1830s
320:), for
310:chemist
298:French:
47: (
1113:BibNum
1086:
1050:
1042:
1015:Nature
991:
962:
788:Lexico
539:iodine
307:French
159:Fields
147:(1815)
142:(1842)
136:Awards
92:French
82:France
1222:Boron
1048:S2CID
929:(PDF)
526:and H
506:boron
326:gases
122:boron
78:Paris
1084:ISBN
1040:PMID
989:ISBN
960:ISBN
937:2016
844:2019
769:2019
543:iode
459:Biot
312:and
290:-lə-
238:-sak
234:gay-
67:Died
38:Born
1032:doi
1020:165
292:SAK
288:GAY
236:LOO
1133::
1082:.
1078:.
1067:60
1065:.
1046:.
1038:.
1030:.
1018:.
983:.
954:.
904:.
866:.
832:.
813:.
792:.
785:.
760:.
754:.
445:.
434:.
360:.
296:,
260:eɪ
247::
245:US
241:,
216:uː
207:eɪ
197::
195:UK
80:,
58:,
1092:.
1069:.
1054:.
1034::
1026::
997:.
968:.
939:.
914:.
846:.
819:.
771:.
600:.
545:.
534:.
528:2
524:2
508:.
483:.
281:/
278:k
275:æ
272:s
269:ˈ
266:ə
263:l
257:ɡ
254:ˌ
251:/
228:/
225:k
222:æ
219:s
213:l
210:ˈ
204:ɡ
201:/
191:(
51:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_MET_31566.jpg)