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the value of cash reserves or outstanding debt and obligations. Despite Forbes's estimates, the overall Irving family fortune is likely to be grossly underestimated because of complex tax avoiding schemes which blur evidence behind a network of number companies and international holdings. In 1981, the
National Film Board movie "I Like to See Wheels Turn" mentioned Canadian Lawyer Peter Glennie's findings. Glennie had compiled company registrations and the rare public documents on the Irving wealth. His estimations on the Irving family wealth were 7 billion in 1981 Canadian dollars (worth 22 billion in 2019 inflation-adjusted Canadian dollars).
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below the wage-rate, leading to a strike in
September 1963. The strikers called for a boycott of Irving gas stations, which gained some public support. Irving secured a court injunction against pickets at the gas stations and other secondary pickets. At least a dozen Irving truck driver depots in Quebec struck in sympathy with the refinery workers. On one march through downtown Saint John, refinery workers also burned K. C. Irving in effigy.
175:
398:. In 1930, he sold 8,000,000 gallons, when one of his average service stations sold 70,000 gallons; that year, he employed 212 people in Saint John and 482 elsewhere. Irving saw that the petrol business was also an opportunity to purchase land, and in 1931 erected as his headquarters the Golden Ball building at the corner of Sydney and Union streets.
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refinery as well as banning secondary pickets at other Irving facilities, Irving also hired replacement workers or scabs. When a settlement was finally achieved in March 1964, Irving conceded wage increases masquerading as "merit pay" while a judge ruled the union pay Irving $ 2,000 for damaging his reputation.
386:. In 1929, he formed K. C. Irving Gas and Oil Ltd, in order to distribute the Noble supply. Haymarket Square Service Stations was formed in the late 1920s as a partnership with two others, one of whom he bought out after the first year. By 1930, Irving was selling petrol in Saint John, Bouctouche, Shediac,
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However, since the conglomerate is privately held and the family is private with respect to financial matters, no information on net worth is available. Most observers have only the tangible values of real property and industrial assets upon which to base their estimates without any ability to assess
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and the post-war era, K. C. purchased shipyards and started various food processing, media, hardware, building supplies, transportation, engineering and construction companies - all of which are vertically integrated, meaning that each Irving company purchases the services of other Irving companies,
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Irving fought many battles with the federal government over income tax, business tax and inheritance tax policies. On 23 December 1971, following a particularly tough series of battles, he left Canada, ostensibly because of the estate tax situation: the
Federal government planned to abolish estate
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competitors , a primary reason for their maintaining market share in so many industries throughout eastern North
America. An example can be seen in the fact that Irving Oil undertook significant upgrades and expansions to its refinery in the late mid to late 1990s to produce low-sulphur gasoline,
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Irving companies are completely privately owned, and therefore all major business decisions are made by the family-members/owners. This has traditionally been a weakness among many family-owned empires. However, the
Irvings have proven their ability to react to market situations much more quickly
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as partners in Irving-Brennan Co. Ltd. Then in the same year, the veneer plant, which had occupied a defunct local horse race-track, burnt down. It revived, but in early
January 1938 a shareholder withdrew his guarantee of a $ 17,000 bank loan, and in exchange for his guarantee of a $ 10,000 bank
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The strike became a national issue. The union appealed for donations from across the country, asking
Canadians "Are you going to allow that a group of workers be slaughtered by an employer whose trade union notions are those of feudalism?" In addition to court injunctions limiting pickets at the
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After joining the Oil, Chemical and Atomic
Workers International Union in 1960, 145 Saint John Irving oil refinery workers pushed for the prevailing wage rate at Canadian oil refineries. The Irving refinery had high productivity but relatively low wages for the sector. Irving's counter-offer was
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The conglomerate operates with considerable latitude which the Irving family's wealth permits—operating somewhat as a maverick to the consternation of many of
Central and Western Canada's business leaders. Irving Oil, J.D. Irving and all subsidiary companies are actively supporting Canada's
1113:, since the family has invested considerable funds into environmental controls and alternative energy for its operations and wishes to capitalize on these investments at the expense of its slow-to-respond publicly traded competitors. J.D. Irving's food processing plants in
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in Canada in that province to completely power their operations, and many Irving-owned sawmills and factories in the rest of northeastern North
America are rapidly adopting co-generation, bio-gas and solar/wind power to complement current energy usage.
1147:) and most English weekly and community papers. In the 1970s, when this concentration was limited to only four English daily newspapers, the Senate created a commission of inquiry into media concentration because of the Irving family's control.
1075:, which was subsequently expanded many times. JDI was in the 1970s the largest single landowner in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Maine. JDI has also been identified as being one of the four largest private land-owners in the
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fully a decade ahead of the rest of the North American oil industry. As a result, Irving has been able to capitalize on the growing need for low-emission fuel in California and other U.S. markets (delivered by its own ships).
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Although he remained as majority shareholder, his sons controlled the daily operations of the conglomerate. From 1972 until his death, Irving would visit New Brunswick for "6 months, less a day" each year. In 2018,
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loan Irving gained control of the veneer firm. Irving later hired C.A. Kessler to teach his staff, in particular Art McNair, to cut thin and uniform plies, which would become a specialty of the firm.
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Canada Veneers had been established in 1933 by Robert McMillan, chiefly to produce orange crates for another local company. In 1936, Irving underwrote $ 100,000 in Canada Veneer preferred shares with
484:. Later, his body was exhumed, along with his wife's. They were re-buried outside the Scottish-style church on the Irving Manor in Bouctouche. Their graves were only marked as "Grammy and Grampy".
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plants and sawmills which in turn feed the company's paper, tissue, and diaper factories throughout New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Maine, New York, Georgia, Quebec and Ontario.
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335:, though he would return to Bouctouche without returning to university. Irving took a cross-country adventure to British Columbia before returning to Bouctouche.
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he and other industrialists have extracted from the province over the years" as well as Irving industrial plant-caused pollution. Irving began supporting the
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which largely financed K. C. Irving's other endeavours. Several years after starting Irving Oil, Irving took over his father's sawmill company in Bouctouche,
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1209:'s annual report on the wealthiest Canadians calculated that the Irving family combined wealth rose 34 percent from 2007 to $ US 7.11 billion. Only the
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In 1927, Irving married Harriet McNairn (1899–1976), a boyhood sweetheart, and the following year his first son was born. He was the father of, in 1928
504:; the family attended St John's and St Stephen's Presbyterian Church. Irving would, after his sons all had graduated, provide for a new building at
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1992:
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at the age of 22. Within two years, the sales territory of southern Kent County was his. In 1924, he opened a petrol (gasoline) station under the
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1982:
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1987:
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438:. He set up the production facilities near the familial grist mill, and built bunkhouses on the family farm for the scores of workers.
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The Irvings have an almost complete monopoly in print media in New Brunswick, owning all English and French daily newspapers but one (
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2002:
1997:
515:, the oldest brother and his (James') two sons, Jim and Robert, took more control of forest products and several other divisions,
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Ownership and operation of the Irving group of companies ultimately divided among his three sons and their respective children,
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Irving had a near monopoly in media in New Brunswick well into the 1980s when they owned several English radio stations and
390:, Sussex, Campbellton, St. Stephen, Westville, Weymouth, Amherst and Truro. Also by 1930, his petrol business expanded into
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363:. He would eventually transform what became known as Irving Oil into a 3,000 franchise distributor across the Maritimes.
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149:(14 March 1899 – 13 December 1992) was a Canadian businessman whose business began with a family sawmill in
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The Irving family is also hoping to take advantage of deregulation of utility markets in the region by building
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network. The CBC affiliate was sold to the public broadcaster in 1994 at the same time as MITV was sold to
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immigrants. In his early years, K. C. Irving was viewed as a tough kid from a rough sawmill town on the
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The grandson of J.K. Irving and son of Jim Irving, Jamie Irving became publisher of the Irving-owned
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the combined net worth of the Irving family ranked third in Canada calculated with the net worth of
307:. Irving attempted to enlist while being underage, but his father disapproved of it and sent him to
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370:, the city he would make his home for the next 46 years. Early on, he switched his business to the
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1959:
1954:
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At the age of 26, Irving was invited by the representative of Ford to take over the franchise in
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as the result of a fortuitous visit which acquainted him with the future president of the bank,
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logo. He was unceremoniously dumped from that franchise within the year, whereupon he contacted
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1924:
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464:(along with the other Maritime governments) planned to introduce an estate tax in its place.
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who looked after much of the construction, engineering and Radio & Television stations.
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in order to purchase a supply from him. By 1925 he opened a second service station in nearby
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2007:
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319:. When he tried enlisting in Halifax, his father put an end to it by enrolling him at
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Citizens Irving: K. C. Irving and his legacy: the story of Canada's wealthiest family
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303:. He began his entrepreneurial streak early, but this was tempered by the dawn of
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By 1939, Irving had developed an ulcer, and tipped the scales at 215 pounds; the
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1165:(Maritime Independent Television) as a competitor across the Maritimes with the
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Irving died at home in Saint John and was buried alongside his first wife in
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While back in Bouctouche, Irving dabbled in the merchant trade, working as a
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1780:
Provincial Solidarities: A History of the New Brunswick Federation of Labour
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1944:
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288:(colloquially known by his initials "J.D."), and Mary Elizabeth Irving (
199: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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the middle brother assumed more autonomy in Irving Oil, which owns the
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magazine estimated that the Irvings' net worth was $ US12 billion.
1129:-fired electrical generating stations and is currently building a
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481:
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Irving obtained the contract from Ottawa or London to build in
419:
1161:, the only CBC affiliate in the province. Irving also started
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435:
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2424:
1688:"Irving family jumps to No. 2 on list of richest Canadians"
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1259:
1257:
1255:
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1213:, with a net worth is US$ 18.45 billion, were wealthier
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2724:
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at $ 8.07 billion with no change from 2010. In 2008 the
2714:
1250:
382:, and the concession for Ford tractors in the whole of
1233:. Irving had long been challenged by critics for "the
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then vice-president of the newspaper holding company.
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Louis J. Robichaud - une révolution si peu tranquille
1241:
after Robichaud pushed back against tax concessions.
3315:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
1420:
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1372:
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1324:
1801:
1788:
1756:
157:, in 1882. In 1989, he was made an Officer of the
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1096:keeping profits wholly within the conglomerate.
1091:As the Irving industrial empire expanded during
1239:Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick
441:
378:. In 1926, he was awarded a Ford franchise in
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1850:
1461:
1459:
1804:K. C. Irving - The Art of the Industrialist
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3559:Canadian military personnel of World War I
3385:
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1857:
1843:
1736:
1456:
1225:Irving was previously a supporter of the
858:, p. 48 Ford dealership, bus bodies
538:Acquisitions are listed in italic print.
259:Learn how and when to remove this message
1703:"K. C. Irving's Empire Is Still Growing"
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1117:are looking to build one of the largest
1087:Diversification and vertical integration
2777:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
1745:
1176:
1133:terminal near its Saint John refinery.
1109:ratification and implementation of the
533:
475:
14:
3574:People from Kent County, New Brunswick
3536:
2651:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
2410:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
1864:
1787:How, Douglas; Costello, Ralph (1993).
1754:
1565:
1563:
1538:
1536:
1523:
1521:
1426:
1378:
1354:
1330:
1291:
1266:"The Irving empire suffers two losses"
1062:
896:University Press of New Brunswick Ltd.
460:taxes while the government of Premier
3609:British Army personnel of World War I
3599:20th-century Canadian philanthropists
3579:Members of the Order of New Brunswick
3366:
1838:
1808:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
1791:K. C. - the biography of K. C. Irving
1777:
1700:
1581:
1278:
1263:
962:, p. 143 shipping (oil tankers)
289:
2782:China National Petroleum Corporation
1799:
1606:unavailable Times Transcript article
1593:
1465:
1292:Martin, Joseph E. (2017). "Titans".
454:
347:automobile salesman for a dealer in
197:adding citations to reliable sources
168:
1629:
1560:
1533:
1518:
885:New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. Ltd.
24:
2842:National Iranian South Oil Company
2558:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
1220:
1079:. These forest lands feed several
327:. In 1918, Irving enlisted in the
25:
3620:
3564:Businesspeople from New Brunswick
3310:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
3199:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
2852:Oil & Gas Development Company
1227:New Brunswick Liberal Association
1137:New Brunswick media concentration
863:New Brunswick Publishing Co. Ltd.
574:Haymarket Square Service Stations
526:, Canada's largest refinery, and
3347:
3346:
842:, p. 81 Montreal, hardware
173:
27:Canadian businessman (1899–1992)
3569:Officers of the Order of Canada
2857:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
1737:Belliveau, John Edward (1980).
1694:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1641:
1617:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1548:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1444:
1432:
1408:
1396:
1152:New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal
732:, p. 48 SMT (Eastern) Ltd
716:, p. 48 SMT (Eastern) Ltd
184:needs additional citations for
3450:New Brunswick Southern Railway
3325:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3096:Port Harcourt Refining Company
2762:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
1701:Cowan, Edward (22 June 1971).
1384:
1360:
1336:
1312:
1264:Pitts, Gordon (21 July 2010).
1183:list of Canadians by net worth
422:would in 1941 cure the ulcer.
13:
1:
3544:Irving family (New Brunswick)
2271:Production sharing agreements
1763:. Toronto: Doubleday Canada.
1739:Little Louis and the giant KC
1730:
1013:Port Royal Pulp and Paper Co.
1007:, p. 143 trucking (oil)
771:Ocean Steel Construction Ltd.
271:
3604:Royal Flying Corps personnel
3305:Canadian petroleum companies
3300:American Petroleum Institute
2837:National Iranian Oil Company
2822:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
1795:. Toronto: Key Porter Books.
1690:. CBC News. 5 December 2008.
1057:
1030:Saint John Sulphite Co. Ltd.
558:K. C. Irving Oil and Gas Ltd
401:
338:
164:
7:
3320:International Energy Agency
2305:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
1823:
922:Saint John Drydock Co. Ltd.
874:Moncton Publishing Co. Ltd.
766:, p. 80 Liverpool, NS
442:1963 Irving refinery strike
331:and took pilot training in
10:
3625:
2907:PTT Public Company Limited
2508:East Midlands Oil Province
2493:List of natural gas fields
2093:Integrated asset modelling
1207:Canadian Business magazine
506:Rothesay Collegiate School
434:wooden landing barges for
3584:Canadian company founders
3490:
3400:
3394:Irving Group of Companies
3342:
3292:
3279:Weatherford International
3158:
3008:
2960:
2812:Iraq National Oil Company
2748:
2705:
2690:
2681:
2566:
2483:
2365:
2251:
2145:
2073:
2016:
1975:
1968:
1890:
1872:
1830:Irving Group of Companies
754:Steel and Engine Products
521:Saint John, New Brunswick
487:
127:
109:
97:
78:
48:
34:
1746:Cormier, Michel (2004).
1244:
3330:World Petroleum Council
3204:China Oilfield Services
2261:Petroleum fiscal regime
1960:Western Canadian Select
1955:West Texas Intermediate
1677:in Prince Edward Island
1648:How & Costello 1993
1636:How & Costello 1993
1624:How & Costello 1993
1570:How & Costello 1993
1555:How & Costello 1993
1543:How & Costello 1993
1528:How & Costello 1993
1513:How & Costello 1993
1501:How & Costello 1993
1489:How & Costello 1993
1477:How & Costello 1993
1451:How & Costello 1993
1439:How & Costello 1993
1415:How & Costello 1993
1403:How & Costello 1993
1391:How & Costello 1993
1367:How & Costello 1993
1343:How & Costello 1993
1319:How & Costello 1993
1049:How & Costello 1993
1023:How & Costello 1993
1005:How & Costello 1993
990:How & Costello 1993
977:, p. 143 tugboats
975:How & Costello 1993
960:How & Costello 1993
945:How & Costello 1993
930:How & Costello 1993
915:How & Costello 1993
907:Harbor Development Ltd.
856:How & Costello 1993
840:How & Costello 1993
825:How & Costello 1993
810:How & Costello 1993
794:How & Costello 1993
779:How & Costello 1993
764:How & Costello 1993
746:How & Costello 1993
730:How & Costello 1993
714:How & Costello 1993
698:How & Costello 1993
680:How & Costello 1993
662:How & Costello 1993
646:How & Costello 1993
628:How & Costello 1993
613:How & Costello 1993
598:How & Costello 1993
567:How & Costello 1993
295:), both descendants of
92:, New Brunswick, Canada
3594:Canadian Presbyterians
3589:People from Bouctouche
3460:Maine Northern Railway
3440:Kent Building Supplies
2807:Indian Oil Corporation
2293:Submersible pump (ESP)
2238:Underbalanced drilling
2059:of gasoline and diesel
1800:Hunt, Russell (1973).
1181:According to the 2011
997:Road and Sea Transport
737:Island Motor Transport
721:Scotia Motor Transport
583:HowCostello & 1993
425:
3498:James Dergavel Irving
3455:Eastern Maine Railway
3445:New Brunswick Railway
3184:Cameron International
2626:Petrodollar recycling
2609:fossil fuel phase-out
2172:Differential sticking
2125:Reflection seismology
2098:Petroleum engineering
1940:OPEC Reference Basket
1778:Frank, David (2013).
1755:DeMont, John (1992).
1131:liquified natural gas
1067:It was the growth of
937:Irving Chandler Sales
705:Shore Motor Transport
301:Northumberland Strait
286:James Dergavel Irving
284:to local businessman
132:James Dergavel Irving
3081:Occidental Petroleum
2395:1990 oil price shock
2221:Shale oil extraction
2194:Drilling engineering
2177:Directional drilling
2103:Reservoir simulation
1177:Irving family wealth
1115:Prince Edward Island
967:Atlantic Towing Ltd.
847:Universal Sales Ltd.
670:D'Auteuil Lumber Co.
653:Eastern Timbers Ltd.
590:Commercial Equipment
534:Corporate inventions
476:Later life and death
392:Prince Edward Island
309:Dalhousie University
193:improve this article
141:Kenneth Colin Irving
53:Kenneth Colin Irving
3477:Irving Shipbuilding
3472:Acadia Broadcasting
3229:Naftiran Intertrade
3174:Amec Foster Wheeler
3101:Reliance Industries
2990:Naftiran Intertrade
2802:Hindustan Petroleum
2400:2000s energy crisis
1073:J.D. Irving Limited
1063:J.D. Irving Limited
524:Irving Oil Refinery
372:Bank of Nova Scotia
276:Irving was born in
3076:Marathon Petroleum
2498:List of oil fields
2108:Reservoir modeling
1866:Petroleum industry
1713:The New York Times
1708:The Ottawa Journal
1611:2011-05-20 at the
1596:, pp. 188–193
1584:, pp. 120–121
1271:The Globe and Mail
357:Samuel Lloyd Noble
329:Royal Flying Corps
3531:
3530:
3360:
3359:
3338:
3337:
3224:Nabors Industries
3154:
3153:
2352:Well intervention
2327:Petroleum product
2226:Ljungström method
2130:Seismic inversion
2115:Petroleum geology
2069:
2068:
1815:978-0-7710-4287-4
1770:978-0-385-25313-0
1741:. Lancelot Press.
1144:L'Acadie Nouvelle
1055:
1054:
801:Thorne's Hardware
455:Offshore holdings
321:Acadia University
269:
268:
261:
243:
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
3616:
3435:Irving Equipment
3425:J.D. Irving Ltd.
3387:
3380:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3350:
3349:
3051:Hess Corporation
2772:Bharat Petroleum
2703:
2702:
2688:
2687:
2375:1967 Oil Embargo
2211:Lost circulation
2049:Posted oil price
1973:
1972:
1930:Isthmus-34 Light
1859:
1852:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1819:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1783:
1774:
1762:
1751:
1742:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1659:in New Brunswick
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1557:, pp. 61–62
1552:
1546:
1540:
1531:
1525:
1516:
1515:, pp. 37–39
1510:
1504:
1503:, pp. 35–37
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1454:
1453:, pp. 29–31
1448:
1442:
1441:, pp. 27–28
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1417:, pp. 23–24
1412:
1406:
1405:, pp. 21–22
1400:
1394:
1393:, pp. 21–22
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1369:, pp. 21–22
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1345:, pp. 21–22
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1321:, pp. 21–22
1316:
1310:
1309:
1294:Canada's History
1289:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1041:Midland Trucking
605:Irving Equipment
541:
540:
462:Richard Hatfield
396:Magdalen Islands
294:
264:
257:
253:
250:
244:
242:
201:
177:
169:
148:
85:
82:13 December 1992
62:
60:
43:
32:
31:
21:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3508:James K. Irving
3486:
3482:Cavendish Farms
3396:
3391:
3361:
3356:
3334:
3288:
3284:John Wood Group
3274:Valaris Limited
3167:
3164:
3161:
3150:
3016:APA Corporation
3004:
2956:
2755:
2752:
2744:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2683:
2677:
2578:Classification
2562:
2485:
2479:
2415:Nationalization
2385:1979 oil crisis
2380:1973 oil crisis
2361:
2347:Water injection
2315:Steam injection
2310:Gas reinjection
2278:Artificial lift
2247:
2189:Drill stem test
2141:
2065:
2012:
1964:
1886:
1868:
1863:
1826:
1816:
1771:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1685:
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1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1613:Wayback Machine
1604:
1600:
1592:
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1568:
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1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1290:
1279:
1262:
1251:
1247:
1235:tax concessions
1231:Louis Robichaud
1223:
1221:Political views
1203:J.D. Irving Ltd
1179:
1139:
1102:publicly traded
1089:
1065:
1060:
817:Chinic Hardware
688:Dexter Sulphite
536:
490:
478:
457:
444:
428:
404:
376:Horace L. Enman
341:
274:
265:
254:
248:
245:
202:
200:
190:
178:
167:
159:Order of Canada
144:
104:
102:
93:
87:
83:
74:
64:
58:
56:
55:
54:
44:
39:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3622:
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3606:
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3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3518:John E. Irving
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Brunswick News
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3404:
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3333:
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3327:
3322:
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3307:
3302:
3296:
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3287:
3286:
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3271:
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3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
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3236:
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3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3121:Surgutneftegas
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Eneos Holdings
3038:
3033:
3031:ConocoPhillips
3028:
3023:
3021:Cenovus Energy
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2962:Energy trading
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
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2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2646:Swing producer
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2518:Gulf of Mexico
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:2010s oil glut
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:1980s oil glut
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2199:Drilling fluid
2196:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2137:Seismic source
2134:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Japan Cocktail
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1882:Primary energy
1879:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1797:
1784:
1775:
1769:
1752:
1743:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1693:
1679:
1670:
1668:in Nova Scotia
1661:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1559:
1547:
1532:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1277:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1229:, then-led by
1222:
1219:
1211:Thomson family
1199:Irving Oil Ltd
1178:
1175:
1171:CanWest Global
1138:
1135:
1111:Kyoto Protocol
1088:
1085:
1081:pulp and paper
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:, p. 337
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
993:
992:, p. 143
987:
985:
983:
979:
978:
972:
970:
968:
964:
963:
957:
955:
953:
949:
948:
947:, p. 143
942:
940:
938:
934:
933:
932:, p. 143
927:
925:
923:
919:
918:
917:, p. 143
912:
910:
908:
904:
903:
901:
899:
897:
893:
892:
890:
888:
886:
882:
881:
879:
877:
875:
871:
870:
868:
866:
864:
860:
859:
853:
851:
848:
844:
843:
837:
835:
833:
832:Lewis Brothers
829:
828:
822:
820:
818:
814:
813:
807:
805:
802:
798:
797:
796:, p. 116
791:
789:
787:
783:
782:
781:, p. 143
776:
774:
772:
768:
767:
761:
758:
756:
750:
749:
743:
741:
738:
734:
733:
727:
725:
722:
718:
717:
711:
709:
706:
702:
701:
695:
693:
690:
684:
683:
677:
675:
672:
666:
665:
659:
657:
654:
650:
649:
643:
641:
638:
636:Canada Veneers
632:
631:
625:
623:
621:
617:
616:
615:, p. 143
610:
608:
606:
602:
601:
600:, p. 143
595:
593:
591:
587:
586:
580:
578:
575:
571:
570:
564:
562:
559:
555:
554:
551:
548:
545:
535:
532:
500:, and in 1932
489:
486:
477:
474:
456:
453:
443:
440:
427:
424:
403:
400:
340:
337:
273:
270:
267:
266:
208:"K. C. Irving"
181:
179:
172:
166:
163:
136:
135:
129:
125:
124:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
88:
86:(aged 93)
80:
76:
75:
65:
52:
50:
46:
45:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3621:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Arthur Irving
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:Irving Tissue
3428:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3157:
3147:
3146:Valero Energy
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Suncor Energy
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2740:TotalEnergies
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2689:
2686:
2684:organisations
2682:Companies and
2680:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Petrocurrency
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Oil shale gas
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2574:Abbreviations
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Permian Basin
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:United States
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Seven Sisters
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Core sampling
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Indian Basket
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1429:, p. 19.
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1381:, p. 18.
1380:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1357:, p. 17.
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1333:, p. 14.
1332:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:Arthur Irving
1184:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:United States
1074:
1070:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:, p. 84
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
986:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
971:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
941:
939:
936:
935:
931:
928:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
913:
911:
909:
906:
905:
902:
900:
898:
895:
894:
891:
889:
887:
884:
883:
880:
878:
876:
873:
872:
869:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
836:
834:
831:
830:
827:, p. 81
826:
823:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:, p. 81
811:
808:
806:
803:
800:
799:
795:
792:
790:
788:
786:Strescon Ltd.
785:
784:
780:
777:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
757:
755:
752:
751:
748:, p. 48
747:
744:
742:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
710:
707:
704:
703:
700:, p. 64
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
682:, p. 62
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
664:, p. 61
663:
660:
658:
655:
652:
651:
648:, p. 61
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:, p. 45
629:
626:
624:
622:
620:Maritime Tire
619:
618:
614:
611:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
596:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:, p. 38
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
572:
569:, p. 36
568:
565:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
539:
531:
529:
525:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:James Kenneth
485:
483:
473:
471:
465:
463:
452:
448:
439:
437:
433:
423:
421:
417:
412:
409:
408:Frank Brennan
399:
397:
394:and Quebec's
393:
389:
385:
384:the Maritimes
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293: Gifford
292:
287:
283:
282:New Brunswick
279:
263:
260:
252:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210: –
209:
205:
204:Find sources:
198:
194:
188:
187:
182:This section
180:
176:
171:
170:
162:
160:
156:
155:New Brunswick
152:
147:
142:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:Industrialist
100:
98:Occupation(s)
96:
91:
81:
77:
72:
71:New Brunswick
68:
63:14 March 1899
51:
47:
42:
33:
30:
19:
3523:Sarah Irving
3503:K. C. Irving
3502:
3401:Subsidiaries
3249:Schlumberger
3179:Baker Hughes
3071:Marathon Oil
3061:Imperial Oil
3056:Husky Energy
3046:Galp Energia
3036:Devon Energy
2922:Saudi Aramco
2902:Petrovietnam
2847:NNPC Limited
2751:National oil
2631:Petrofiction
2599:Orphan wells
2567:Other topics
2538:Persian Gulf
2465:Saudi Arabia
2435:Standard Oil
2243:Well logging
2120:Petrophysics
1803:
1790:
1779:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1717:. Retrieved
1706:
1696:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1650:, p. 74
1643:
1638:, p. 70
1631:
1626:, p. 38
1619:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1572:, p. 60
1550:
1545:, p. 43
1530:, p. 42
1508:
1496:
1491:, p. 33
1484:
1479:, p. 31
1472:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1300:(5): 47–53.
1297:
1293:
1269:
1224:
1215:
1191:James Irving
1180:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1124:
1107:
1098:
1093:World War II
1090:
1066:
1012:
753:
687:
669:
635:
537:
510:
491:
479:
466:
458:
449:
445:
429:
416:Lahey Clinic
413:
405:
365:
353:Imperial Oil
342:
275:
255:
246:
236:
229:
222:
215:
203:
191:Please help
186:verification
183:
140:
139:
103:Entrepreneur
84:(1992-12-13)
36:K. C. Irving
29:
3554:1992 deaths
3549:1899 births
3219:Halliburton
3091:Phillips 66
2912:QatarEnergy
2882:Petrobangla
2817:KazMunayGas
2707:Supermajors
2656:heavy crude
2543:Prudhoe Bay
2523:Niger Delta
2503:Caspian Sea
2266:Concessions
2216:Measurement
2182:Geosteering
2165:Squeeze job
2075:Exploration
2024:Consumption
1983:Consumption
1976:Natural gas
1905:Bonny Light
1715:. p. 7
1427:DeMont 1992
1379:DeMont 1992
1355:DeMont 1992
1331:DeMont 1992
1195:John Irving
1127:natural gas
1100:than their
553:Ref, notes
502:John Ernest
317:Nova Scotia
305:World War I
18:K.C. Irving
3538:Categories
3491:Key people
3408:Irving Oil
3269:Transocean
3136:Tullow Oil
3126:TechnipFMC
2892:PetroChina
2730:ExxonMobil
2636:Shale band
2513:East Texas
2486:and fields
2300:Downstream
2253:Production
2160:Completion
2088:Geophysics
2029:Production
1988:Production
1925:Indonesian
1900:Argus Sour
1892:Benchmarks
1731:References
1582:Frank 2013
1119:wind farms
1069:Irving Oil
498:Arthur Lee
496:, in 1930
432:Bouctouche
368:Saint John
349:Richibucto
278:Bouctouche
272:Early life
219:newspapers
151:Bouctouche
101:Capitalist
90:Saint John
67:Bouctouche
59:1899-03-14
3264:TC Energy
3165:companies
2995:Trafigura
2942:Sonatrach
2887:Petrobras
2877:Pertamina
2787:Ecopetrol
2753:companies
2697:companies
2695:petroleum
2671:tight oil
2666:oil shale
2661:oil sands
2641:Shale gas
2582:sweet oil
2553:Venezuela
2528:North Sea
2484:Provinces
2475:Venezuela
2322:Midstream
2017:Petroleum
1877:Petroleum
1594:Hunt 1973
1466:Hunt 1973
1306:1920-9894
1058:Criticism
952:Kent Line
402:The 1930s
339:The 1920s
325:Wolfville
165:Biography
3418:Canaport
3413:Refinery
3352:Category
3259:Subsea 7
3239:Petrofac
3234:NOV Inc.
3214:GE Power
3209:Enbridge
3163:services
2985:Mercuria
2975:Glencore
2937:Sonangol
2897:Petronas
2832:Naftogaz
2604:Peak oil
2587:sour oil
2342:Upstream
2337:Refining
2332:Pipeline
2288:Pumpjack
2283:Gas lift
2204:invasion
2147:Drilling
2034:Reserves
1993:Reserves
1824:See also
1609:Archived
1197:through
982:Canaport
297:Scottish
249:May 2024
134:(father)
110:Children
73:, Canada
2927:Sinopec
2917:Rosneft
2797:Gazprom
2792:Equinor
2720:Chevron
2367:History
2233:Tracers
2155:Blowout
2044:Exports
2039:Imports
2003:Exports
1998:Imports
1719:19 June
1159:CHSJ-TV
482:Bermuda
388:Moncton
380:Halifax
361:Shediac
333:Britain
313:Halifax
233:scholar
3293:Others
3244:Saipem
3141:Tüpraş
3131:TNK-BP
3116:Sunoco
3106:Repsol
3066:Lukoil
3009:Others
2980:Gunvor
2614:timing
2548:Russia
2460:Norway
2445:France
2440:Canada
1812:
1767:
1304:
1201:. and
517:Arthur
488:Legacy
470:Forbes
420:Boston
235:
228:
221:
214:
206:
128:Parent
118:Arthur
3160:Major
3026:Cepsa
3000:Vitol
2970:Enron
2932:SOCAR
2872:Pemex
2867:PDVSA
2862:Orlen
2827:Lotos
2767:ANCAP
2735:Shell
2692:Major
2450:India
2054:Price
2008:Price
1950:Urals
1945:Tapis
1915:Dubai
1910:Brent
1245:Notes
850:1925?
740:1935?
724:1935?
708:1935?
547:Start
513:James
436:D-Day
240:JSTOR
226:books
114:James
3254:Snam
3194:CH2M
2947:TPAO
2455:Iraq
2425:OPEC
2420:GECF
1969:Data
1810:ISBN
1765:ISBN
1721:2024
1302:ISSN
1193:and
1163:MITV
1017:1946
804:1942
760:2004
692:1942
674:1941
656:1940
640:1938
577:1929
561:1929
544:Name
528:Jack
345:Ford
212:news
122:John
120:and
79:Died
49:Born
3189:CGG
3086:OMV
2952:YPF
2725:Eni
1167:ATV
550:End
426:WW2
418:in
323:in
311:in
291:née
195:by
3540::
2715:BP
2357:XT
1711:.
1705:.
1562:^
1535:^
1520:^
1458:^
1298:97
1296:.
1280:^
1268:.
1252:^
1189:,
1173:.
508:.
315:,
280:,
161:.
153:,
146:OC
143:,
116:,
69:,
41:OC
3386:e
3379:t
3372:v
1858:e
1851:t
1844:v
1818:.
1782:.
1773:.
1750:.
1723:.
1308:.
1274:.
262:)
256:(
251:)
247:(
237:·
230:·
223:·
216:·
189:.
61:)
57:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
