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506:. For example, winter frost is common from June to August, rarely seen in the warmer Sahelian regions. For the same reason, summer temperatures certainly can be very hot, but not in comparison to regions of low altitude in the Sahel or Sahara, where some stations record average temperatures of the warmest month around 38 °C, whereas the average temperature of the warmest month in any region in the Kalahari never exceeds 29 °C, though daily temperatures occasionally reach up to close to 45 °C (113 °F) (44.8 °C at Twee Rivieren Rest Camp in 2012).
64:
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1061:. They hunt wild game with bows and poisoned arrows and gather edible plants, such as berries, melons and nuts, as well as insects. The San get most of their water requirements from plant roots and desert melons found on or under the desert floor. They often store water in the blown-out shells of ostrich eggs. The San live in huts built from local materials—the frame is made of branches, and the roof is thatched with long grass. Most of their hunting and gathering techniques replicate pre-historic tribes.
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481:, where evidence of a wetter climate exists in the form of former contouring for capturing water. This and other pans, as well as river bottoms, were written about extensively at Sciforums by an article by Walter Wagner regarding the extensive formerly wet areas of the Kalahari. The Kalahari is extensive and extends farther north, where abandoned extensive roadways also exist.
497:. The Kalaharian climate is subtropical (average annual temperature greater than or equal to 18 °C, at peaks reaching 40 °C and above, with mean monthly temperature of the coldest month strictly below 18 °C), and is semi-arid with the dry season from April to September, the coldest six months of the year. It is the southern tropical equivalent of the
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rainfall ranges from around 110 mm (close to aridity) to more than 500 mm in some north and east areas. During summertime in all regions, rainfall may go with heavy thunderstorms. In the driest and sunniest parts of the
Kalahari, over 4,000 hours of sunshine are recorded annually on average.
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The
Kalahari has had a complex climatic history over the past million or so years, in line with major global changes. Changes in the last 250,000 years have been reconstructed from various data sources, providing evidence of former extensive lakes and drier periods. During the latter, the area of the
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of South Africa, total vegetation cover may be as low as 30.72% on non-protected (from cattle grazing) farmlands south of Twee
Rivieren Rest Camp and 37.74% in the protected (from cattle grazing) South African side of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: these southernmost Kalahari xeric savanna areas
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from their land began. In 2006, a
Botswana High Court ruled in favor of the San and Bakgalagadi tribes in the reserve, finding their eviction unlawful. The Government of Botswana granted a permit to De Beers' Gem Diamonds/Gope Exploration Company (Pty) Ltd. to conduct mining activities within the
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The dry season lasts eight months or more, and the wet season typically from less than one month to four months, depending on location. The southwestern
Kalahari is the driest area, particularly a small region toward the west-southwest of Tsaraxaibis (Southeast of Namibia). The average annual
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dominated the area, covering the
Makgadikgadi Pan and surrounding areas, but it drained or dried out some 10,000 years ago. It may have once covered as much as 120,000 square kilometres (46,000 sq mi). In ancient times, there was sufficient moisture for farming, with dikes and dams
547:". The ITCZ is the meeting area of the boreal trade winds with their austral counterparts what meteorologists call "Meteorological equator" and the sailors "Doldrum" or "Pot-au-noir" : the ITCZ generates rains in the wet season, whereas the continental trade winds cause the dry season;
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climate with the wet season during summer. The altitude has been adduced as the explanation why the
Kalaharian climate is not tropical; its altitude ranges from 600 to 1600 meters (and generally from 800 to 1200 meters), resulting in a cooler climate than that of the Sahel or
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The biggest threat to wildlife are the fences erected to manage herds of grazing cattle, which also removes the plant cover of the savanna itself. Cattle ranchers will also poison or hunt down predators from the rangeland, particularly targeting jackals and wild dogs.
799:, the riverbeds are now mostly grazing spots. However, leopards and cheetahs can still be found. The area is now heavily grazed, and cattle fences restrict wildlife movement. Among deserts of the Southern Hemisphere, the Kalahari most closely resembles some
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to the west. There is little rainfall, and the summer temperature is very high. The driest areas usually receive 110–200 millimetres (4.3–7.9 in) of rain per year, and the wettest just a little over 500 millimetres (20 in). The surrounding
640:, it is not strictly speaking a desert because it has too dense a ground cover. The main region that lacks ground cover is in the southwest Kalahari (southeast of Namibia, northwest of South Africa, and southwest of Botswana) in the south of the
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Outside the
Kalahari "desert", but in the Kalahari basin, halophytic vegetation to the north is adapted to pans, lakes that are completely dry during the dry season, and maybe for years during droughts, such as in Etosha
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573:, for example, is the largest documented non-subglacial underground lake. Such reserves may partly be the residues of ancient lakes; the Kalahari Desert was once a much wetter place. The ancient
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are truly semi-deserts. However, in all the remaining
Kalahari, except on salt pans during the dry season, the vegetation cover can be denser, up to almost 100%, in some limited areas.
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The climate is sub-humid rather than semi-arid in the north and east, where the dry forests, savannahs, and salt lakes prevail. South and west, where the vegetation is predominantly
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P. D. Tyson FRSSAf & S. J. Crimp (1998) THE CLIMATE OF THE KALAHARI TRANSECT, Transactions of the Royal
Society of South Africa, 53:2, 93-112, DOI: 10.1080/00359199809520380
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P. D. Tyson FRSSAf & S. J. Crimp (1998) THE CLIMATE OF THE KALAHARI TRANSECT, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 53:2, 93-112, DOI: 10.1080/00359199809520380
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In the southern hemisphere summer (from December to February), a low-pressure system develops over the Kalahari, which is driven by strong surface heating (known as a
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561:). The low-pressure system helps to control the moisture-bearing easterly wind emanating from the Indian Ocean, thus influencing rainfall across southern Africa.
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covers over 2,500,000 square kilometres (970,000 sq mi) extending farther into Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, encroaching into parts of
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Wasiolka, Bernd; Blaum, Niels (2011). "Comparing biodiversity between protected savanna and adjacent non-protected farmland in the southern Kalahari".
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A semi-desert, with huge tracts of excellent grazing after good rains, the Kalahari supports more animals and plants than a true desert, such as the
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Robbins, L. H.; Murphy, M. L.; et al. (1996). "Paleoenvironment and Archaeology of Drotsky's Cave: Western Kalahari Desert, Botswana".
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collecting the water. These are now filled with sediment, breached, or no longer in use, though they can be readily seen via Google Earth.
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Although there are few endemic species, a wide variety of species are found in the region, including large predators such as the
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The rest of the Kalahari is subject to the maritime trade winds that largely shed their moisture as they cross up and over the
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with ground not entirely covered by vegetation: "open" as opposed to "closed" vegetation. Examples include the north of the
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450:—traverse the central northern reaches of the Kalahari and provide standing pools of water during the rainy season.
249:, meaning "a waterless place"; the Kalahari has vast areas covered by red sand without any permanent surface water.
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in the southeast of Namibia. In the north and east, dry forests cover an area of over 300,000 km in which
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Tropicalité Jean Demangeot Géographie physique intertropicale, pages 44–45, Figure 19, source: Leroux 1989.
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fruit, also known as the horned melon, melano, African horned cucumber, jelly melon, or hedged gourd, is
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Cave in Botswana indicates that the region was much wetter and cooler at least from 30 to 11 thousand
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Thomas, D.S.G. and Shaw, P.A. 1991 'The Kalahari Environment'. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
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In an area of about 600,000 km in the south and west of the Kalahari, the vegetation is mainly
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The Kalahari is home to many migratory birds and animals. Previously havens for wild animals from
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In the Kalahari, there are three main mechanisms of atmospheric circulation, dominated by the
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Due to its low aridity, the Kalahari supports a variety of flora. The native flora includes
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in the northwest, forming marshes that are rich in wildlife. Ancient dry riverbeds—called
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Drainage of the desert is by dry black valleys, seasonally inundated pans, and the large
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evaluated the potential of diamond mining at Gope. In 1997, the eviction of the San and
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and a small number of European settlers also live in the Kalahari desert. The city of
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extending for 900,000 square kilometres (350,000 sq mi), covering much of
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National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008
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Kalahari has expanded to include parts of western Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Angola.
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2113:
1997:
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675:
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477:
Numerous pans exist within the Kalahari, including the Groot-vloer Pan and
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2020:
1830:
1349:"World Record Temperatures -Highest Lowest Hottest Coldest temperatures-"
1234:
1224:
1194:
1104:
895:
839:
725:
558:
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532:
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417:
539:
The North and Northwest of the Kalahari are subject to the alternation "
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342: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
218:
It is not to be confused with the Angolan, Namibian, and South African
1348:
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5448:
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903:
669:
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8556:
National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003
4607:
667:
as Kalahari xeric savanna AT1309. Typical savanna grasses include
375:
8274:
Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Virtual Museum
8245:
4995:
3089:
3047:
2978:
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2055:
1165:
984:
934:
923:
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891:
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815:
788:
656:
208:
196:
111:
4560:
List of marine invertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1729:
1472:
1013:
The following protected areas were established in the Kalahari:
8546:
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004
5826:
4878:
3481:
3441:
3216:
3099:
2801:
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1708:
1229:
1151:
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883:
741:
724:
In certain areas where the climate is drier, it becomes a true
632:
Even where the Kalahari "desert" is dry enough to qualify as a
622:
618:
503:
467:
463:
293:
4565:
List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1308:"Ancient Namibian Freeway overlays Ancient Agriculture System"
629:
to a region in the Kalahari Desert (specific region unknown).
395:
Bird's eye view of the Kalahari in Namibia: the dark dots are
8268:
4970:
3486:
3129:
1967:
1880:
1330:, Jean Demangeot, Edmond Bernus, 2001. Editor: Armand Colin.
1214:
1141:
498:
219:
3079:
2901:
1447:"Ancient Dikes, Dams and Reservoirs of the Kalahari Region"
807:
610:
493:
savanna or even a semi-desert, the climate is "Kalaharian"
48:
4575:
List of brown seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
4570:
List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
4523:
List of Southern African indigenous trees and woody lianes
1433:
Great Warm Deserts of the World: Landscapes and Evolution
8193:
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
4969:
4580:
List of red seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
691:; these are interspersed with trees such as camelthorn (
949:
species, and in the rainy season, tens of thousands of
3432:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
1725:
Kalahari desert's forgotten influence on carbon levels
30:"Kalahari" redirects here. The term may also refer to
4801:
Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
1396:
Reason, C.J.C. (2017). "Climate of Southern Africa".
292:
The Kalahari Desert was not always a dry desert. The
1657:"UN report condemns Botswana's treatment of Bushmen"
7597:
933:Some of the areas within the Kalahari are seasonal
535:in winter, and by the Kalahari Heat Low in summer:
8041:Southeast Atlantic Seamounts Marine Protected Area
7925:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
6648:Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland
1634:
1115:
569:water reserves beneath parts of the Kalahari; the
8088:Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries
7814:Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area
4796:Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
1613:"Bushmen Driven From Ancestral Lands in Botswana"
763:A totally different vegetation is adapted to the
8659:
8203:South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
3559:
1684:Kalahari : life's variety in dune and delta
8390:List of authors of South African botanical taxa
8198:South African Environmental Observation Network
8139:
8046:Southwest Indian Seamount Marine Protected Area
4550:Regional taxon checklists and other minor lists
1399:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science
1057:have lived in the Kalahari for 20,000 years as
732:, itself in the north of South Africa, and the
8457:International Union for Conservation of Nature
6333:Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld
4508:List of invasive plant species in South Africa
3661:
304:(before present), especially after 17,500 BP.
8208:South African National Biodiversity Institute
3605:
3545:
2739:
1745:
1548:"Deserts and xeric shrublands - Biomes - WWF"
1504:
1279:
1088:
8487:South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative
8395:List of authors of South African animal taxa
8369:University of KwaZulu-Natal Botanical Garden
8113:Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
6618:Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld
945:. This area, for example, supports numerous
621:trees and many other herbs and grasses. The
8574:List of field guides to South African biota
8541:National Environmental Management Act, 1998
8447:Environmental impact of recreational diving
8051:Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area
8031:Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area
8021:Namaqua Fossil Forest Marine Protected Area
8016:iSimangaliso Offshore Marine Protected Area
7885:Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area
7496:Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland
1659:. Survival for Tribal Peoples. 3 March 2010
1578:"Kalahari xeric savanna - Ecoregions - WWF"
8606:
8165:South African National Collection of Fungi
7961:Agulhas Bank Complex Marine Protected Area
7411:Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld
4811:Maputaland–Pondoland bushland and thickets
3552:
3538:
2746:
2732:
1752:
1738:
438:in Namibia. The only permanent river, the
27:Semi-arid sandy savanna in Southern Africa
7996:Browns Bank Complex Marine Protected Area
6673:Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland
6653:Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland
4082:
1257:
1255:
358:Learn how and when to remove this message
90:900,000 km (350,000 sq mi)
8364:Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden
8001:Browns Bank Corals Marine Protected Area
7915:Sixteen Mile Beach Marine Protected Area
7736:ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
7610:Index of protected areas of South Africa
5044:Dwarsberg-Swartruggens Mountain Bushveld
4986:List of vegetation types of South Africa
4528:List of botanists by author abbreviation
4503:List of invasive species in South Africa
4145:Whip spiders and tailless whip scorpions
1649:
1610:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1040:
744:are prominent. These regions are termed
601:
589:
508:
8536:Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998
8374:Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
8334:KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Garden
8314:Harold Porter National Botanical Garden
8026:Orange Shelf Edge Marine Protected Area
7981:Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area
7171:Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
7156:Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
6713:Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland
6658:Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
6578:Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
6438:Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland
5702:Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
5637:Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
5527:Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos
1640:
1435:. Oxford University Press. p. 204.
803:in its latitude and mode of formation.
598:zeyheri) growing in the Kalahari Desert
585:
14:
8660:
8354:North-West University Botanical Garden
8349:Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden
8329:Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden
8324:Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden
8226:African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
7870:Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area
6693:Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland
6195:Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
5777:Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld
5707:Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
5662:Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
5652:Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld
5647:Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland
5642:Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos
1430:
1408:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.513
1395:
1252:
8415:
8138:
7596:
7511:Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation
7262:Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
6703:Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland
6663:Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
6583:Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
6230:Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
6095:Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
5925:Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
5910:Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
5757:Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland
4968:
4702:
4606:
4548:
4159:Alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies
3604:
3533:
3477:Portuguese-speaking African countries
2753:
2727:
1733:
1535:
53:A satellite image of the Kalahari by
8518:List of nature reserves in Cape Town
8299:Free State National Botanical Garden
8093:Department of Science and Innovation
8056:uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
7940:uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
7569:KwaZulu-Natal coastal lowland forest
6698:Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland
6623:Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld
6593:Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland
6468:Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland
6288:Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld
6225:Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
5930:Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
5915:Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation
5672:Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland
5522:Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland
4887:Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra
4756:Tropical and subtropical grasslands,
4518:List of slime moulds of South Africa
1681:
1488:"How to Eat a Kiwano (Horned Melon)"
1120:
340:adding citations to reliable sources
311:
256:
8108:iSimangaliso Wetland Park Authority
7991:Benguela Muds Marine Protected Area
7986:Benguela Bank Marine Protected Area
7966:Agulhas Front Marine Protected Area
7895:Robben Island Marine Protected Area
7880:Marcus Island Marine Protected Area
7875:Malgas Island Marine Protected Area
7865:Jutten Island Marine Protected Area
7676:Golden Gate Highlands National Park
7576:List of forests of the Western Cape
7554:List of forests of the Eastern Cape
7501:Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation
6268:Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld
5114:Koranna-Langeberg Mountain Bushveld
4629:Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Hotspot
3577:Marine biodiversity of South Africa
1599:, Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham
1095:Ancestral land conflict in Botswana
24:
8359:Pretoria National Botanical Garden
8036:Protea Banks Marine Protected Area
7976:Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area
7971:Agulhas Muds Marine Protected Area
7910:Sardinia Bay Marine Protected Area
7860:iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
7347:Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes
6463:Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland
6180:Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos
6145:South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
6065:North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
5542:Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland
5472:Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland
5134:KwaZulu-Natal Hinterland Thornveld
4766:Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
4741:KwaZulu–Cape coastal forest mosaic
4716:List of ecoregions in South Africa
1675:
1008:
746:Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
554:before arriving over the Kalahari.
25:
8704:
8339:Lowveld National Botanical Garden
8011:Childs Bank Marine Protected Area
8006:Cape Canyon Marine Protected Area
7935:Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area
7839:Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area
7829:Bird Island Marine Protected Area
7824:Betty's Bay Marine Protected Area
7761:Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve
7521:Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation
6643:Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland
6538:Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld
6328:Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld
6308:Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld
5782:Western Free State Clay Grassland
5597:Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland
5537:Eastern Free State Clay Grassland
5419:Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld
4513:List of Oomycetes of South Africa
1759:
1701:
1645:. Walker Publishing. p. 323.
1282:Journal of Archaeological Science
552:Southern African Great Escarpment
245:, meaning "the great thirst", or
222:coastal desert, whose name is of
8605:
8595:
8594:
8492:World Register of Marine Species
8309:Hantam National Botanical Garden
8231:National Biodiversity Assessment
7849:Helderberg Marine Protected Area
7756:Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve
7372:Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
7332:Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation
7287:Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
7242:Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands
7237:Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation
6588:Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland
6563:Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland
6393:Western Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
6323:Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld
6283:Eastern Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
6273:Central Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
6253:Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld
6170:South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
6165:South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
6155:South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
6150:South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
6090:North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
6085:North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
6075:North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
6070:North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
5792:Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland
5787:Western Highveld Sandy Grassland
5767:Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland
5722:Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland
5667:Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland
5587:KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld
5517:Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland
5507:Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
5414:Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld
5304:Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld
5139:KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld
4746:Maputaland coastal forest mosaic
4498:List of bacteria of South Africa
4165:Booklice, barklice and barkflies
1707:
1611:Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003),
1003:in Central Kalahari Game Reserve
992:
976:
962:
405:
388:
374:
316:
260:
62:
47:
8236:National Vegetation Map Project
7930:Trafalgar Marine Protected Area
7900:Rocherpan Marine Protected Area
7890:Pondoland Marine Protected Area
7599:Protected areas of South Africa
7549:List of forests of South Africa
7506:Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation
7362:Subtropical Seashore Vegetation
7352:Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands
7337:Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation
7307:Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation
6598:Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland
6553:Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland
6428:Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland
6388:Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld
6378:Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld
6363:Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld
6160:South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
6080:North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
6040:Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos
5677:Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland
5339:South Eastern Coastal Thornveld
5284:Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld
5059:Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld
4841:Montane fynbos and renosterveld
4836:Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
4210:Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants
1604:
1588:
1570:
1498:
1480:
1466:
1457:
1439:
1424:
1116:Settlements within the Kalahari
730:ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
646:ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
327:needs additional citations for
226:origin and means "vast place".
7920:Stilbaai Marine Protected Area
7844:Goukamma Marine Protected Area
7819:Amathole Marine Protected Area
7776:Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
7166:Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert
7116:Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld
6573:Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld
6513:Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland
6508:Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland
6503:Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo
6488:Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld
6478:Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland
6368:Swartland Granite Renosterveld
6343:Robertson Granite Renosterveld
5772:Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland
5602:Low Escarpment Moist Grassland
5502:Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland
5389:Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld
5349:Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld
5079:Gordonia Kameeldoring Bushveld
4776:Zambezian and mopane woodlands
4736:Knysna–Amatole montane forests
4703:
4271:Marine heterobranch gastropods
3312:Guinean Forests of West Africa
1619:, Johannesburg, archived from
1529:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.011
1389:
1380:
1371:
1359:
1341:
1318:
1300:
1273:
1265:. 15 July 2010. Archived from
541:Intertropical Convergence Zone
13:
1:
8319:Johannesburg Botanical Garden
8304:Garden Route Botanical Garden
7905:Robberg Marine Protected Area
7854:Hluleka Marine Protected Area
7834:De Hoop Marine Protected Area
7644:Augrabies Falls National Park
7461:Southern Afrotemperate Forest
7436:Northern Afrotemperate Forest
7181:Western Gariep Lowland Desert
6962:Saldanha Limestone Strandveld
6882:Grahamstown Grassland Thicket
6608:Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld
6603:Prince Albert Succulent Karoo
6518:Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld
6448:Die Plate Succulent Shrubland
6433:Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld
6318:Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld
6293:Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld
6210:Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos
6015:Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos
6005:Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos
5657:Northern Free State Shrubland
5627:Mooi River Highland Grassland
5289:Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld
5279:Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld
5269:Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld
5014:Barberton Serpentine Sourveld
3327:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
2824:Cameroonian Highlands forests
1245:
1109:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
1036:
1018:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
82:4,000 km (2,500 mi)
8601:Biodiversity of South Africa
8160:National Research Foundation
8118:South African National Parks
7721:Table Mountain National Park
7711:Mountain Zebra National Park
7686:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
7272:Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
7186:Western Gariep Plains Desert
7161:Richtersberg Mountain Desert
7121:Eastern Gariep Plains Desert
6912:Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket
6807:Crossroads Grassland Thicket
6718:Western Bushmanland Klipveld
6678:Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo
6533:Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld
6493:Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld
6453:Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo
6383:Uniondale Shale Renosterveld
6373:Swartland Shale Renosterveld
6358:Swartberg Shale Renosterveld
6348:Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld
6338:Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
6303:Langkloof Shale Renosterveld
6298:Kango Limestone Renosterveld
6258:Breede Alluvium Renosterveld
6220:Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos
5965:Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos
5712:Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld
5692:Sekhukhune Montane Grassland
5557:Frankfort Highveld Grassland
5512:Central Free State Grassland
5492:Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland
5329:Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld
4943:Southeast Atlantic ecoregion
4851:Deserts and xeric shrublands
3561:Biodiversity of South Africa
3452:Middle East and North Africa
2909:East African montane forests
1508:Journal of Arid Environments
1023:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
791:, and for predators such as
773:Zambezian flooded grasslands
715:), and silver cluster-leaf (
642:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
307:
229:
7:
8416:
8140:Biodiversity research in SA
7771:Kruger to Canyons Biosphere
7634:Addo Elephant National Park
7406:Maputaland Wooded Grassland
7322:Southern Kalahari Salt Pans
7227:Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes
7217:Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes
7176:Western Gariep Hills Desert
7126:Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert
7066:Bushmanland Sandy Grassland
7061:Bushmanland Basin Shrubland
6957:Saldanha Granite Strandveld
6812:Doubledrift Karroid Thicket
6683:Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland
6558:Namaqualand Shale Shrubland
6548:Namaqualand Inland Duneveld
6498:Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld
6353:Ruêns Silcrete Renosterveld
6235:Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
6045:Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos
6035:Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos
5955:Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos
5945:Garden Route Granite Fynbos
5900:Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos
5802:Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland
5752:uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland
5737:Tarkastad Montane Shrubland
5727:Stormberg Plateau Grassland
5622:Midlands Mistbelt Grassland
5607:Lydenburg Montane Grassland
5477:Barberton Montane Grassland
5462:Amathole Mistbelt Grassland
5409:Waterberg Mountain Bushveld
5274:Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld
5069:Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld
4686:Maputaland-Pondoland Region
4177:Dragonflies and damselflies
1208:
636:in the sense of having low
10:
8709:
8673:Botswana–Namibia relations
8497:World Wide Fund for Nature
8155:Iziko South African Museum
7945:Walker Bay Whale Sanctuary
7726:Tankwa Karoo National Park
7659:Garden Route National Park
7396:KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt
7317:Southern Kalahari Mekgacha
7267:Fynbos Riparian Vegetation
7202:Albany Alluvial Vegetation
7086:Kalahari Karroid Shrubland
7056:Bushmanland Arid Grassland
7051:Blouputs Karroid Thornveld
6932:Motherwell Karroid Thicket
6892:Groot Brak Dune Strandveld
6802:Cape Flats Dune Strandveld
6543:Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld
6523:Namaqualand Arid Grassland
6313:Montagu Shale Renosterveld
6215:Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos
6140:South Hex Sandstone Fynbos
6120:Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos
6115:Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos
6060:North Hex Sandstone Fynbos
6030:Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos
6010:Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos
6000:Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
5905:Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos
5860:Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos
5807:Woodbush Granite Grassland
5732:Strydpoort Summit Sourveld
5577:Karoo Escarpment Grassland
5572:KaNgwane Montane Grassland
5547:Eastern Highveld Grassland
5497:Bloemfontein Dry Grassland
5467:Amathole Montane Grassland
5457:Aliwal North Dry Grassland
5434:Zululand Coastal Thornveld
5334:Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld
5309:Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld
5294:Polokwane Plateau Bushveld
5259:Northern Zululand Sourveld
5209:Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld
5204:Malelane Mountain Bushveld
5004:Andesite Mountain Bushveld
4948:Southwest Indian ecoregion
4316:Marine spiny-finned fishes
1594:Hogan, C. Michael (2008).
1220:Kgalagadi (disambiguation)
1092:
1089:Kalahari, San and diamonds
756:AT0902) and Makgadikgadi (
665:World Wide Fund for Nature
484:
252:
29:
8590:
8566:
8528:
8513:Biodiversity of Cape Town
8505:
8422:
8411:
8382:
8282:
8254:
8216:
8173:
8145:
8134:
8068:
7953:
7806:
7789:
7744:
7664:Tsitsikamma National Park
7618:
7605:
7592:
7564:KwaZulu-Natal Dune Forest
7539:
7531:Subantarctic Polar Desert
7484:
7380:
7312:Namib Seashore Vegetation
7194:
7141:Kwaggarug Mountain Desert
7030:
7012:Vanstadens Forest Thicket
6952:Saldanha Flats Strandveld
6942:Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket
6927:Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket
6922:Langebaan Dune Strandveld
6837:Escarpment Valley Thicket
6741:
6708:Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld
6638:Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld
6613:Richtersveld Red Duneveld
6423:Anenous Plateau Shrubland
6418:Agter-Sederberg Shrubland
6413:Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld
6401:
6263:Breede Shale Renosterveld
6243:
6205:Swartland Alluvium Fynbos
6185:Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos
6175:Southern Cape Dune Fynbos
6125:Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos
6105:Overberg Sandstone Fynbos
6100:Olifants Sandstone Fynbos
6025:Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos
5990:Kango Conglomerate Fynbos
5985:Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos
5975:Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos
5950:Garden Route Shale Fynbos
5825:
5812:Xhariep Karroid Grassland
5717:Soweto Highveld Grassland
5567:Ithala Quartzite Sourveld
5532:East Griqualand Grassland
5482:Basotho Montane Shrubland
5447:
5354:Springbokvlakte Thornveld
5344:Southern Lebombo Bushveld
5324:Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld
5254:Northern Lebombo Bushveld
5179:Madikwe Dolomite Bushveld
5174:Lowveld Rugged Mopaneveld
5119:Kuruman Mountain Bushveld
5099:Kaalrug Mountain Bushveld
5094:Gravelotte Rocky Bushveld
5084:Gordonia Plains Shrubland
5064:Ghaap Plateau Vaalbosveld
5024:Cathedral Mopane Bushveld
4994:
4981:
4975:Vegetation classification
4964:
4913:
4905:Southern Africa mangroves
4895:
4877:
4849:
4819:
4784:
4754:
4724:
4711:
4698:
4661:Drakensberg Alpine Centre
4619:
4602:
4555:
4544:
4490:
4375:
4349:
4283:
4248:
4152:
4133:Shorttailed whipscorpions
4114:
4031:
3615:
3611:
3606:National taxon checklists
3600:
3582:Temperate Southern Africa
3567:
3379:
3267:
3222:Indian Ocean coastal belt
3160:
3033:
2852:
2765:
2698:
2664:
2639:
2630:
2582:
2560:
2487:
2478:
2310:
2267:
2245:
2192:
2149:
2074:
1996:
1938:
1929:
1806:
1768:
1240:Climate change in Namibia
175:
135:
125:
99:
94:
86:
78:
61:
46:
41:
8344:Makana Botanical Gardens
7766:Kogelberg Nature Reserve
7731:West Coast National Park
7696:Mapungubwe National Park
7669:Wilderness National Park
7559:Forests of KwaZulu-Natal
7471:Southern Mistbelt Forest
7446:Northern Mistbelt Forest
7342:Subtropical Dune Thicket
7247:Cape Seashore Vegetation
7091:Lower Gariep Broken Veld
7002:Thorndale Forest Thicket
6982:Subtropical Dune Thicket
6967:Saltaire Karroid Thicket
6947:Overberg Dune Strandveld
6917:Lambert's Bay Strandveld
6832:Escarpment Mesic Thicket
6278:Ceres Shale Renosterveld
6135:Robertson Granite Fynbos
6130:Potberg Sandstone Fynbos
6110:Peninsula Granite Fynbos
5920:De Hoop Limestone Fynbos
5835:Agulhas Limestone Fynbos
5797:Winburg Grassy Shrubland
5762:Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland
5164:Loskop Mountain Bushveld
4771:Southern Africa bushveld
4758:savannas, and shrublands
4726:Tropical and subtropical
4216:Silverfish and firebrats
4174:Cockroaches and termites
3592:Wildlife of South Africa
1617:National Geographic News
1338:, page 20 in particular.
920:Hystrix africaeaustralis
898:. Other animals include
874:) and other eagles, the
864:Sagittarius serpentarius
778:
68:Kalahari Desert (maroon)
8688:Deserts of South Africa
7466:Southern Coastal Forest
7441:Northern Coastal Forest
7426:Lowveld Riverine Forest
7401:Maputaland Coastal Belt
7131:Helskloof Canyon Desert
7096:Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
6977:St Francis Dune Thicket
6972:Sardinia Forest Thicket
6867:Geluk Grassland Thicket
6827:Escarpment Arid Thicket
6777:Baviaans Valley Thicket
6055:Namaqualand Sand Fynbos
5875:Breede Quartzite Fynbos
5817:Zastron Moist Grassland
5697:Senqu Montane Shrubland
5687:Rand Highveld Grassland
5632:Mthatha Moist Grassland
5552:Egoli Granite Grassland
5399:Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland
5379:Thukela Valley Bushveld
5364:Swaziland Sour Bushveld
5249:Norite Koppies Bushveld
5234:Mopane Gabbro Shrubland
5229:Mopane Basalt Shrubland
5199:Makuleke Sandy Bushveld
5144:Lebombo Summit Sourveld
5049:Eastern Valley Bushveld
4728:moist broadleaf forests
4588:Timber trees of Gauteng
4321:Marine Perciform fishes
3422:Guineo-Congolian region
1793:List of deserts by area
1641:Workman, James (2009).
1431:Goudie, Andrew (2002).
1328:Les milieux désertiques
740:and several species of
644:. For instance, in the
8294:Durban Botanic Gardens
8183:Animal Demography Unit
7701:Marakele National Park
7654:Camdeboo National Park
7649:Bontebok National Park
7516:Subantarctic Fellfield
7327:Southern Karoo Riviere
7207:Albany Dune Strandveld
7136:Kahams Mountain Desert
7022:Willowmore Gwarrieveld
6997:Sundays Valley Thicket
6937:Nanaga Savanna Thicket
6902:Hartenbos Dune Thicket
6877:Gouritz Valley Thicket
6797:Buffels Valley Thicket
6733:Willowmore Gwarrieveld
6568:Namaqualand Strandveld
6483:Klawer Sandy Shrubland
6200:Swartberg Shale Fynbos
6020:Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
5940:Elim Ferricrete Fynbos
5895:Cape Flats Sand Fynbos
5890:Canca Limestone Fynbos
5870:Breede Alluvium Fynbos
5850:Algoa Sandstone Fynbos
5845:Albertinia Sand Fynbos
5742:Tsakane Clay Grassland
5617:Mabela Sandy Grassland
5562:Income Sandy Grassland
5424:Western Sandy Bushveld
5319:Schmidtsdrif Thornveld
5239:Musina Mopane Bushveld
5194:Makhado Sweet Bushveld
5159:Limpopo Sweet Bushveld
5154:Limpopo Ridge Bushveld
5149:Legogote Sour Bushveld
5054:Gabbro Grassy Bushveld
5029:Central Sandy Bushveld
4859:Kalahari xeric savanna
4821:Mediterranean forests,
4651:Griqualand West Centre
4219:Stick and leaf insects
2375:Gran Desierto de Altar
1682:Main, Michael (1987).
1475:Plants of the Kalahari
1294:10.1006/jasc.1996.0002
1050:
771:, an ecoregion termed
754:Etosha Pan halophytics
614:
613:in the Kalahari Desert
599:
594:Devil's thorn flower (
521:
207:, as well as parts of
8506:Regional biodiversity
8462:Marine protected area
8188:BirdLife South Africa
8103:Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
7716:Namaqua National Park
7639:Agulhas National Park
7416:Transkei Coastal Belt
7357:Subtropical Salt Pans
7302:Namaqualand Salt Pans
7232:Cape Inland Salt Pans
7212:Algoa Dune Strandveld
7106:Upper Karoo Hardeveld
7007:Umtiza Forest Thicket
6992:Sundays Mesic Thicket
6872:Goukamma Dune Thicket
6822:Elands Forest Thicket
6792:Buffels Mesic Thicket
6772:Albany Valley Thicket
6190:Suurberg Shale Fynbos
5980:Hopefield Sand Fynbos
5865:Boland Granite Fynbos
5592:Leolo Summit Sourveld
5487:Bedford Dry Grassland
5394:Tzaneen Sour Bushveld
5299:Postmasburg Thornveld
5189:Makatini Clay Thicket
4676:Sekhukhuneland Centre
4646:Cape Floristic Region
4624:Cape Floristic Region
4609:Biodiversity hotspots
4168:Butterflies and moths
3364:West Sudanian savanna
3322:Lower Guinean forests
3317:Upper Guinean forests
3232:Cape Floristic Region
3095:Cataracts of the Nile
2914:Eastern Arc Mountains
2834:Congolian rainforests
2829:East Sudanian savanna
2674:North American Arctic
2415:North American Arctic
1720:"Cry of the Kalahari"
1044:
872:Polemaetus bellicosus
765:perennial fresh water
758:Zambezian halophytics
605:
593:
512:
296:flora and fauna from
8482:Scuba diving tourism
8442:Encyclopedia of Life
7706:Mokala National Park
7691:Kruger National Park
7257:Drakensberg Wetlands
7151:Noms Mountain Desert
7101:Northern Upper Karoo
6987:Sundays Arid Thicket
6907:Kasouga Dune Thicket
6897:Hamburg Dune Thicket
6862:Gamka Valley Thicket
6782:Bethelsdorp Bontveld
6767:Albany Mesic Thicket
6728:Western Little Karoo
6528:Namaqualand Blomveld
6458:Eastern Little Karoo
6050:Montagu Shale Fynbos
5970:Hangklip Sand Fynbos
5960:Greyton Shale Fynbos
5855:Atlantis Sand Fynbos
5682:Queenstown Thornveld
5582:Klerksdorp Thornveld
5369:Tembe Sandy Bushveld
5224:Moot Plains Bushveld
4823:woodlands, and scrub
4613:Centres of diversity
4189:Jumping bristletails
3587:Western Indo-Pacific
3018:Zanzibar Archipelago
2986:Indian Ocean islands
1716:at Wikimedia Commons
1263:"The Kalahari-Basin"
852:Lycaon pictus pictus
703:), shepherd's tree (
697:), grey camelthorn (
586:Vegetation and flora
571:Dragon's Breath Cave
543:(ITCZ)/"Continental
336:improve this article
237:is derived from the
8678:Deserts of Botswana
8640: /
8472:Nature conservation
7781:Waterberg Biosphere
7681:Karoo National Park
7421:Ironwood Dry Forest
7367:Tanqua Wash Riviere
7297:Namaqualand Riviere
7146:Namib Lichen Fields
7111:Western Upper Karoo
7076:Eastern Upper Karoo
7071:Eastern Lower Karoo
7017:Western Gwarrieveld
6887:Grassridge Bontveld
6852:Fish Valley Thicket
6817:Eastern Gwarrieveld
6757:Albany Arid Thicket
6723:Western Gwarrieveld
6668:Steytlerville Karoo
6443:Citrusdal Vygieveld
5885:Breede Shale Fynbos
5840:Agulhas Sand Fynbos
5612:Lydenburg Thornveld
5129:Kuruman Vaalbosveld
5109:Kimberley Thornveld
5039:Dwaalboom Thornveld
4806:Highveld grasslands
4666:Soutpansberg Centre
4256:Non-marine molluscs
4124:Microwhip scorpions
3437:Mediterranean Basin
3417:Greater Middle East
2954:Ethiopian Highlands
2862:African Great Lakes
2602:Los Médanos de Coro
2350:Channeled scablands
1973:Ramlat al-Sab'atayn
1582:World Wildlife Fund
1552:World Wildlife Fund
1521:2011JArEn..75..836W
1081:is situated in the
1045:San man collecting
1028:Khutse Game Reserve
700:Acacia haematoxylon
659:. This area is the
381:Kalahari in Namibia
155: /
8683:Deserts of Namibia
8241:Reef Atlas Project
8098:Eastern Cape Parks
7277:Highveld Salt Pans
7222:Bushmanland Vloere
7046:Albany Broken Veld
6857:Gamka Arid Thicket
6847:Fish Mesic Thicket
6787:Blombos Strandveld
5995:Knysna Sand Fynbos
5935:Elgin Shale Fynbos
5880:Breede Sand Fynbos
5314:Roodeberg Bushveld
5214:Marikana Thornveld
4928:Benguela ecoregion
4786:Montane grasslands
4311:Marine bony fishes
4201:Net-winged insects
4090:Marine crustaceans
3572:Afrotropical realm
3497:Sub-Saharan Africa
3402:Commonwealth realm
3011:Northern Highlands
2959:Dahlak Archipelago
2395:Jornada del Muerto
1798:Desert exploration
1623:on 24 October 2005
1051:
953:visit these pans.
882:) and other owls,
844:Parahyaena brunnea
801:Australian deserts
734:Keetmanshoop Rural
718:Terminalia sericea
615:
600:
522:
272:. You can help by
8623:
8622:
8586:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8452:Low impact diving
8407:
8406:
8403:
8402:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8083:City of Cape Town
8064:
8063:
7588:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7526:Subantarctic Mire
7252:Cape Vernal Pools
6842:Fish Arid Thicket
5429:Zeerust Thornveld
5384:Tsende Mopaneveld
5374:Thukela Thornveld
5184:Mafikeng Bushveld
5124:Kuruman Thornveld
5074:Gordonia Duneveld
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4933:Delagoa ecoregion
4923:Agulhas ecoregion
4915:Marine ecoregions
4694:
4693:
4598:
4597:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4345:
4344:
4301:Freshwater fishes
4266:Marine gastropods
4244:
4243:
4061:Marine cnidarians
4027:
4026:
3527:
3526:
3427:Islands of Africa
3407:Equatorial Africa
3359:Inner Niger Delta
3147:Tibesti Mountains
3006:Central Highlands
2892:Virunga Mountains
2887:Rift Valley lakes
2877:Great Rift Valley
2872:East African Rift
2839:Ouaddaï highlands
2721:
2720:
2694:
2693:
2578:
2577:
2263:
2262:
1940:Arabian Peninsula
1896:Plaine des Sables
1712:Media related to
1451:www.sciforums.com
1417:978-0-19-022862-0
1312:www.sciforums.com
1205:
1204:
939:Makgadikgadi Pans
706:Boscia albitrunca
575:Lake Makgadikgadi
368:
367:
360:
290:
289:
185:
184:
16:(Redirected from
8700:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8651:
8650:
8645:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8636:
8633:
8609:
8608:
8598:
8597:
8503:
8502:
8413:
8412:
8171:
8170:
8136:
8135:
7804:
7803:
7616:
7615:
7594:
7593:
7292:Muscadel Riviere
5439:Zululand Lowveld
5169:Loskop Thornveld
5019:Bhisho Thornveld
4992:
4991:
4966:
4965:
4722:
4721:
4700:
4699:
4681:Barberton Centre
4604:
4603:
4546:
4545:
4112:
4111:
4080:
4079:
4065:Marine flatworms
3893:Scrophulariaceae
3659:
3658:
3613:
3612:
3602:
3601:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3519:Zambezian region
3507:Sudanian savanna
3492:Southeast Africa
3472:Northeast Africa
3457:Miombo woodlands
3332:Guinea Highlands
2996:Lamu Archipelago
2974:Gulf of Tadjoura
2748:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2637:
2636:
2485:
2484:
1936:
1935:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1711:
1697:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:Heart of Dryness
1638:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1608:
1602:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:on 15 March 2018
1554:. Archived from
1544:
1533:
1532:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1478:
1473:Martin Leipold,
1470:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:www.mherrera.org
1345:
1339:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1269:on 25 July 2015.
1259:
1121:
1059:hunter-gatherers
1001:African wild dog
996:
980:
966:
928:Struthio camelus
848:African wild dog
820:Acinonyx jubatus
712:Acacia mellifera
434:in Botswana and
432:Makgadikgadi Pan
409:
392:
378:
363:
356:
352:
349:
343:
320:
312:
285:
282:
264:
257:
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
66:
51:
39:
38:
32:Kalahari Resorts
21:
8708:
8707:
8703:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8697:
8668:Kalahari Desert
8658:
8657:
8648:
8646:
8642:
8639:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8619:
8578:
8562:
8524:
8501:
8418:
8399:
8378:
8285:
8278:
8256:
8255:Citizen science
8250:
8218:
8212:
8175:
8169:
8150:Bolus Herbarium
8141:
8122:
8070:
8060:
7949:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7792:
7785:
7747:
7740:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7614:
7601:
7580:
7541:
7535:
7488:
7480:
7431:Mangrove Forest
7387:
7385:
7383:
7376:
7190:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7026:
6762:Albany Bontveld
6748:
6746:
6744:
6737:
6633:Roggeveld Karoo
6628:Robertson Karoo
6404:
6397:
6239:
5821:
5747:Tsomo Grassland
5443:
5404:VhaVenda Miombo
5359:Stella Bushveld
5264:Nossob Bushveld
5219:Molopo Bushveld
5089:Granite Lowveld
5034:Delagoa Lowveld
4990:
4977:
4952:
4938:Natal ecoregion
4909:
4891:
4873:
4869:Succulent Karoo
4845:
4831:Albany thickets
4822:
4815:
4787:
4780:
4757:
4750:
4727:
4720:
4707:
4690:
4671:Wolkberg Centre
4641:Succulent Karoo
4634:Succulent Karoo
4615:
4594:
4551:
4532:
4486:
4371:
4341:
4279:
4261:Marine molluscs
4240:
4148:
4127:Pseudoscorpions
4110:
4078:
4023:
3801:Crossosomatales
3786:Ceratophyllales
3664:
3657:
3607:
3596:
3563:
3558:
3528:
3523:
3514:Tropical Africa
3375:
3263:
3242:Kalahari Desert
3227:Albany thickets
3192:Succulent Karoo
3156:
3058:Atlas Mountains
3029:
2848:
2761:
2752:
2722:
2717:
2690:
2660:
2626:
2574:
2556:
2517:Nullarbor Plain
2474:
2385:Great Salt Lake
2330:Baja California
2306:
2277:Bardenas Reales
2259:
2241:
2194:Iranian Plateau
2188:
2145:
2070:
2051:Saryesik-Atyrau
1992:
1925:
1861:Farafra (White)
1802:
1788:List of deserts
1778:Desertification
1764:
1758:
1704:
1694:
1678:
1676:Further reading
1673:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1593:
1589:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1515:(9): 836–841 .
1503:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1211:
1206:
1118:
1097:
1091:
1039:
1032:Tswalu Kalahari
1011:
1009:Protected areas
1004:
999:The endangered
997:
988:
987:in the Kalahari
981:
972:
967:
916:Cape porcupines
876:giant eagle owl
836:Crocuta crocuta
828:Panthera pardus
781:
709:), blackthorn (
694:Acacia erioloba
588:
565:There are huge
487:
442:, flows into a
424:
423:
422:
421:
420:
410:
401:
400:
399:
393:
384:
383:
382:
379:
364:
353:
347:
344:
333:
321:
310:
286:
280:
277:
270:needs expansion
255:
232:
201:Southern Africa
189:Kalahari Desert
163:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
144:
142:
141:
130:Southern Region
121:
74:
69:
57:
42:Kalahari Desert
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Kalahari desert
15:
12:
11:
5:
8706:
8696:
8695:
8693:Ergs of Africa
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8610:
8603:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8580:
8579:
8577:
8576:
8570:
8568:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8538:
8532:
8530:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8509:
8507:
8500:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8477:Nature reserve
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8423:
8420:
8419:
8409:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8386:
8384:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8290:
8288:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8260:
8258:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8222:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8179:
8177:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8132:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8074:
8072:
8066:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7801:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7752:
7750:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7630:
7628:
7613:
7612:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7556:
7551:
7545:
7543:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7492:
7490:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6753:
6751:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5104:Kathu Bushveld
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4788:and shrublands
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4719:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4362:Brown seaweeds
4359:
4357:Green seaweeds
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4086:
4084:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3769:Caryophyllales
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3502:Sudan (region)
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3337:Gulf of Guinea
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3252:Cape Peninsula
3249:
3247:Okavango Delta
3244:
3239:
3237:Skeleton Coast
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3152:Western Sahara
3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Nuba Mountains
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3043:Eastern Desert
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2991:Comoro Islands
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2964:Hanish Islands
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Danakil Desert
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2924:Horn of Africa
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Albertine Rift
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2844:Ennedi Plateau
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2780:Gulf of Guinea
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2686:Russian Arctic
2683:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Great Victoria
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Tule (Arizona)
2452:
2450:Tonopah Desert
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:Painted Desert
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2247:Southeast Asia
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
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2026:Dasht-e Naomid
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
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769:Okavango Delta
738:Rhodesian teak
663:identified by
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8176:organisations
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7308:
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7295:
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7282:Lesotho Mires
7280:
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5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5244:Ngongoni Veld
5242:
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5235:
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5230:
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5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5009:Aoub Duneveld
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Albany Centre
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4547:
4543:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:Marine fishes
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4213:Scorpionflies
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4019:Zygophyllales
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3920:Euphorbiaceae
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Escalloniales
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:Hyacinthaceae
3713:
3711:
3710:Asphodelaceae
3708:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3653:Pteridophytes
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:Macro-regions
3378:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:Guinea region
3305:
3303:
3302:Cape Mesurado
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Gibraltar Arc
3066:
3064:
3063:Barbary Coast
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Ancient Libya
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3025:Swahili coast
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Afar Triangle
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:Guinea region
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Polar regions
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2584:South America
2581:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Tule (Nevada)
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2312:North America
2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Gurbantünggüt
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Rub' al Khali
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1637:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1336:9782200251970
1333:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1002:
995:
990:
986:
979:
974:
971:
965:
960:
959:
958:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:martial eagle
865:
861:
860:secretarybird
857:
856:Birds of prey
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:spotted hyena
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
776:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
719:
714:
713:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
689:
684:
683:
678:
677:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
655:
650:
647:
643:
639:
638:precipitation
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
612:
609:scattered on
608:
604:
597:
592:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
560:
556:
553:
549:
546:
542:
538:
537:
536:
534:
531:
530:Kalahari High
526:
520:
516:
511:
507:
505:
500:
496:
492:
482:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
419:
415:
408:
398:
391:
377:
362:
359:
351:
348:February 2019
341:
337:
331:
330:
325:This section
323:
319:
314:
313:
305:
303:
299:
295:
284:
275:
271:
268:This section
266:
263:
259:
258:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
225:
224:Khoekhoegowab
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
181:
178:
174:
168:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
65:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8625:
8612:
8599:Categories:
8567:Publications
8427:Biodiversity
7486:Subantarctic
7476:Swamp Forest
7456:Scarp Forest
6688:Tanqua Karoo
6473:Hantam Karoo
6245:Renosterveld
4367:Red seaweeds
4225:Strepsiptera
4044:Comb jellies
4014:Zingiberales
3994:Saxifragales
3974:Ranunculales
3915:Malpighiales
3811:Dioscoreales
3806:Cucurbitales
3791:Commelinales
3695:Aquifoliales
3462:Mittelafrika
3412:Françafrique
3277:Pepper Coast
3241:
3115:Middle Egypt
2969:Gulf of Aden
2944:Danakil Alps
2882:Gregory Rift
2654:Meyer Desert
2512:Little Sandy
2282:Cabo de Gata
2164:Indus Valley
2084:Badain Jaran
2006:Aral Karakum
1998:Central Asia
1988:Wahiba Sands
1901:Richtersveld
1865:
1826:Black Desert
1783:Polar desert
1683:
1661:. Retrieved
1651:
1642:
1636:
1625:, retrieved
1621:the original
1616:
1606:
1597:Makgadikgadi
1596:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1551:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1267:the original
1199:
1179:South Africa
1178:
1177:
1159:
1158:
1125:
1124:
1098:
1052:
1047:devil's claw
1012:
970:Oryx gazella
955:
932:
927:
919:
880:Bubo lacteus
879:
871:
863:
858:include the
851:
843:
835:
827:
819:
812:Panthera leo
811:
805:
782:
762:
750:
723:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
676:Stipagrostis
674:
668:
651:
631:
616:
580:
567:subterranean
564:
527:
523:
515:thunderstorm
488:
476:
455:Namib Desert
452:
425:
397:camel thorns
354:
345:
334:Please help
329:verification
326:
291:
278:
274:adding to it
269:
246:
242:
234:
233:
217:
213:South Africa
188:
186:
180:Orange River
117:South Africa
36:
8647: /
8529:Legislation
8383:Taxonomists
8264:iNaturalist
7451:Sand Forest
7081:Gamka Karoo
4284:Vertebrates
4237:Webspinners
4171:Caddisflies
4095:Sea spiders
4074:Tardigrades
4056:Polychaetes
4048:Echinoderms
3937:Nymphaeales
3910:Magnoliales
3883:Acanthaceae
3846:Apocynaceae
3841:Gentianales
3781:Celastrales
3749:Brassicales
3744:Boraginales
3725:Orchidaceae
3705:Asparagales
3678:Alismatales
3447:Middle East
3392:Afromontane
3354:Niger Delta
3349:Niger Basin
3342:Dahomey Gap
3297:Cape Palmas
3292:Ivory Coast
3287:Slave Coast
3140:Upper Egypt
3110:Lower Nubia
3105:Lower Egypt
3080:Nile Valley
2814:Congo Basin
2809:Pool Malebo
2562:New Zealand
2542:Sturt Stony
2502:Great Sandy
2440:Smoke Creek
2405:Lechuguilla
2390:Great Sandy
2380:Great Basin
2021:Betpak-Dala
1366:(in French)
1325:(in French)
1288:(1): 7–22.
1235:Hot deserts
1225:Thar desert
1195:Rietfontein
1105:Bakgalagadi
840:brown hyena
726:semi-desert
607:Camel thorn
559:Thermal Low
545:Trade winds
533:anticyclone
418:Onderombapa
191:is a large
162: /
137:Coordinates
8662:Categories
8437:Ecotourism
8078:CapeNature
8069:Management
6749:Strandveld
4864:Nama Karoo
4705:Ecoregions
4291:Amphibians
4222:Stoneflies
4207:Orthoptera
4121:Harvestmen
4107:Entognatha
4104:Millipedes
4101:Centipedes
4083:Arthropods
3989:Sapindales
3984:Santalales
3947:Pandanales
3942:Oxalidales
3873:Icacinales
3868:Huerteales
3863:Gunnerales
3858:Geraniales
3816:Dipsacales
3764:Canellales
3737:Asteraceae
3643:Lycophytes
3638:Liverworts
3397:Arab world
3371:Yorubaland
3282:Gold Coast
3207:Maputaland
3197:Nama Karoo
3187:Thembuland
3135:The Sudans
3120:Nile Delta
3085:Nile Delta
3001:Madagascar
2819:Chad Basin
2787:Cape Lopez
2649:Antarctica
2612:Patagonian
2597:La Guajira
2537:Strzelecki
2430:Red Desert
2370:Forty Mile
2355:Chihuahuan
2335:Black Rock
2151:South Asia
2136:Taklamakan
1911:Tanezrouft
1693:1868120015
1246:References
1093:See also:
1065:-speaking
1055:San people
1037:Population
947:halophilic
910:and other
900:wildebeest
688:Eragrostis
479:Verneukpan
436:Etosha Pan
281:April 2021
8644:23°S 22°E
8432:Biosphere
8284:Botanical
8257:databases
7793:protected
7746:Biosphere
6403:Succulent
5449:Grassland
4897:Mangroves
4584:Related:
4234:True bugs
4204:Notoptera
4136:Solifugae
4130:Scorpions
4115:Arachnids
4052:Nematodes
4041:Bryozoans
4038:Ascidians
4004:Vahliales
3999:Solanales
3969:Proteales
3952:Piperales
3888:Lamiaceae
3851:Rubiaceae
3774:Aizoaceae
3754:Bruniales
3732:Asterales
3720:Iridaceae
3663:Flowering
3633:Hornworts
3467:Negroland
3387:Aethiopia
3257:False Bay
2934:Al-Habash
2919:Serengeti
2897:Kavirondo
2679:Greenland
2641:Antarctic
2489:Australia
2365:Escalante
2302:Deliblato
2159:Cholistan
2076:East Asia
1876:Moçâmedes
1190:Noenieput
1171:Mariental
1112:reserve.
1099:In 1996,
1071:Kgalagadi
951:flamingos
924:ostriches
912:antelopes
904:springbok
785:elephants
760:AT0908).
670:Schmidtia
661:ecoregion
519:Stampriet
495:semi-arid
428:salt pans
412:Kalahari
308:Geography
247:Kgalagadi
230:Etymology
193:semi-arid
159:23°S 22°E
100:Countries
95:Geography
8219:projects
8217:Research
8174:Research
7954:Offshore
7795:areas of
7748:reserves
7624:National
4350:Seaweeds
4337:Reptiles
4249:Molluscs
4228:Termites
4198:Mayflies
4195:Mantises
3932:Myrtales
3927:Malvales
3905:Liliales
3900:Laurales
3878:Lamiales
3821:Ericales
3796:Cornales
3700:Arecales
3688:Apiaceae
3673:Acorales
3623:Conifers
3212:Highveld
3202:Bushveld
3170:Rhodesia
3073:Ifriqiya
2939:Barbaria
2797:Igboland
2708:Category
2360:Colorado
2340:Carcross
2325:Amargosa
2297:Tabernas
2287:Monegros
2237:Registan
2041:Moiynkum
2036:Kyzylkum
1948:Ad-Dahna
1866:Kalahari
1816:Algerian
1714:Kalahari
1663:31 March
1627:22 April
1562:25 April
1209:See also
1185:Upington
1147:Tshabong
1132:Gaborone
1126:Botswana
1101:De Beers
1079:Windhoek
943:Botswana
935:wetlands
892:kestrels
888:goshawks
797:cheetahs
789:giraffes
775:AT0907.
748:AT0709.
682:Aristida
596:Tribulus
499:Sahelian
472:Zimbabwe
448:omuramba
440:Okavango
298:Gcwihaba
235:Kalahari
205:Botswana
107:Botswana
73:(orange)
8649:-23; 22
8417:Related
8286:gardens
8246:SeaKeys
7807:Coastal
7622:African
7386:Coastal
6745:Thicket
4996:Savanna
4491:Related
4332:Mammals
4180:Earwigs
4162:Beetles
4153:Insects
4142:Ixodida
4139:Araneae
4069:Sponges
4032:Animals
4009:Vitales
3979:Rosales
3962:Poaceae
3836:Fagales
3831:Fabales
3759:Buxales
3683:Apiales
3090:Bashmur
3048:Maghreb
2979:Red Sea
2792:Mayombe
2767:Central
2755:Regions
2713:Commons
2703:Project
2622:Tatacoa
2617:Sechura
2592:Atacama
2570:Rangipo
2532:Simpson
2527:Pedirka
2522:Painted
2480:Oceania
2445:Sonoran
2292:Oleshky
2169:Katpana
2141:Tengger
2066:Ustyurt
2056:Sarykum
2031:Karakum
2016:Barsuki
2011:Aralkum
1963:Judaean
1958:Arabian
1921:Western
1851:Eastern
1841:Danakil
1762:deserts
1517:Bibcode
1492:wikiHow
1166:Gobabis
1160:Namibia
985:meerkat
922:), and
908:gemsbok
884:falcons
846:), and
824:leopard
816:cheetah
767:of the
657:savanna
627:endemic
485:Climate
430:of the
414:claypan
253:History
209:Namibia
197:savanna
171:
164:-23; 22
112:Namibia
7799:Africa
7791:Marine
7542:VEGMAP
7540:not on
7382:Forest
7195:Azonal
7038:desert
6743:Albany
5827:Fynbos
4971:Biomes
4879:Tundra
4231:Thrips
3957:Poales
3665:plants
3648:Mosses
3628:Cycads
3616:Plants
3482:Sahara
3442:MENASA
3217:Fynbos
3100:Darfur
2802:Mbaise
2759:Africa
2666:Arctic
2552:Tirari
2547:Tanami
2497:Gibson
2435:Sevier
2420:Owyhee
2410:Mojave
2345:Carson
2320:Alvord
2269:Europe
2255:La Paz
2232:Polond
2227:Naomid
2174:Kharan
2131:Qaidam
2119:Kubuqi
2109:Kumtag
2061:Taukum
1983:Syrian
1916:Ténéré
1906:Sahara
1886:Nubian
1871:Libyan
1846:Djurab
1836:Chalbi
1821:Bayuda
1808:Africa
1773:Desert
1760:World
1690:
1414:
1334:
1230:Sahara
1200:
1152:Tshane
1137:Ghanzi
1075:Herero
1073:, and
1067:Tswana
1049:(2017)
894:, and
742:acacia
685:, and
634:desert
623:kiwano
619:acacia
513:Heavy
504:Sahara
468:Zambia
464:Angola
294:fossil
239:Tswana
195:sandy
79:Length
8614:Index
8269:iSpot
7797:South
7626:Parks
7620:South
7489:biome
7034:Karoo
6405:Karoo
4377:Fungi
4296:Birds
4186:Flies
4183:Fleas
3487:Sahel
3180:South
3175:North
3162:South
3130:Nubia
3035:North
2607:Monte
2222:Margo
2212:Leili
2207:Khash
2202:Kavir
2124:Mu Us
2114:Ordos
1968:Negev
1953:Nefud
1891:Nyiri
1881:Namib
1856:Ferlo
1215:Karoo
1142:Orapa
1063:Bantu
896:kites
793:lions
779:Fauna
654:xeric
611:dunes
517:near
491:xeric
444:delta
416:near
243:Kgala
241:word
220:Namib
176:River
8635:22°E
8632:23°S
7388:belt
7032:Nama
4973:and
4611:and
4192:Lice
3269:West
2902:Zanj
2854:East
2470:Yuma
2465:Yuha
2400:Kaʻū
2184:Thar
2179:Thal
2099:Hami
2089:Gobi
1931:Asia
1831:Blue
1688:ISBN
1665:2013
1629:2009
1564:2013
1412:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1053:The
808:lion
795:and
470:and
211:and
187:The
150:22°E
147:23°S
87:Area
7384:and
7036:and
6747:and
2757:of
2217:Lut
2104:Lop
2046:Ryn
1525:doi
1404:doi
1290:doi
941:of
930:).
866:),
854:).
838:),
830:),
822:),
814:),
787:to
721:).
338:by
276:.
199:in
8664::
1686:.
1615:,
1580:.
1550:.
1537:^
1523:.
1513:75
1511:.
1490:.
1449:.
1410:.
1402:.
1351:.
1310:.
1286:23
1284:.
1254:^
1085:.
1069:,
983:A
914:,
906:,
902:,
890:,
886:,
679:,
673:,
474:.
466:,
302:BP
215:.
7856:I
4483:Z
4480:Y
4477:X
4474:W
4471:V
4467:U
4462:T
4457:S
4453:R
4450:Q
4446:P
4442:O
4439:N
4435:M
4430:L
4426:K
4423:J
4420:I
4416:H
4412:G
4409:F
4405:E
4400:D
4395:C
4390:B
4385:A
3553:e
3546:t
3539:v
2747:e
2740:t
2733:v
1753:e
1746:t
1739:v
1696:.
1667:.
1601:.
1584:.
1566:.
1531:.
1527::
1519::
1494:.
1453:.
1420:.
1406::
1355:.
1314:.
1296:.
1292::
926:(
918:(
878:(
870:(
862:(
850:(
842:(
834:(
826:(
818:(
810:(
752:(
361:)
355:(
350:)
346:(
332:.
283:)
279:(
34:.
20:)
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