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Kalimán

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502:: He is initially presented as "the reverse Kalimán", an enemy so similar to him that they even have the same costume, face, voice, and attitude, but everything Namilak does is wrong, negative, and impure. He is the exact opposite of the Incredible Man (even his name is Kalimán spelled backwards), and is always dressed in a black version of the hero's costume. It is later revealed that he is the respective negative flaw of Kalimán's soul. However, instead of falling to it, like Karma did at Red Dragon's trial, he expelled it from his body a long time ago. Unfortunately, as a result of this decision, the evil in his soul embodied and become a full, living being, as a twisted, maniacal version of his host. Namilak's existence also explains why Kalimán is so perfect, since there's no evil or malice left in his body. Namilak's story arc is a representation of Kalimán fighting his own obscure, repressed desires. 496:: Originally, he was Kalimán's rival for the Red Dragon title, which is granted by Tibetan monks to the most perfect incarnation of a man of peace on Earth, who will become the official Protector of the World. It is stated that Karma is almost equal to Kalimán in every aspect and sense, but fails due to a minor flaw in his soul. Angered after being rejected for such an insignificant detail, Karma decides to embrace that flaw and falls into darkness, becoming Kalimán's nemesis. The character was so popular that he was the only one who died and resurrected in three different occasions (all other characters that died in the series remained dead), and is considered Kalimán's most fearsome foe. 839:) (1972), was filmed entirely on location in Egypt. It had an international cast, from the US, México, Spain, Italy, and Egypt. The movie is loosely based on the first story, "Los Profanadores de Tumbas" ("The Tomb Raiders"), but added a science fiction theme. For almost 20 years, it held the title of the most expensive Mexican movie ever filmed. It was a huge success, being shown in theaters for more than a year. The original running time was up to 180 minutes, but was cut down to 109 for later TV release. 449:: Initially, it is stated that Kalimán is just Solín's protector and tutor, but as the series progresses, Kalimán gradually replaces Solín as the main character. Kalimán had several popular catchphrases often used to explain his actions, but the two most relevant were "Serenity and Patience", often told to his disciple, Solín, to prevent him from rushing to action without thinking; and "Whoever dominates the mind, dominates the world", frequently used after he succeeded in realizing an impossible feat. 397:'s dynasty. He swore an oath to Kali to wander the world fighting for justice, and must return to India in order to renew the oath every seven years. However, Kalimán not only has Caucasian features, but also intense blue eyes, one of his most notorious characteristics, which only adds more mystery to his true identity. It is also frequently mentioned that he has a vast knowledge of science and the arts, including the fine arts, engineering, architecture, chemistry, and biology. 720:
originally published. In the late 1970s, the complete stories were also published as paperbacks in a large-volume format. The first issues were also reprinted, like most American comics, with new art and in full color as an independent comic, "Kalicolor". The public did not accept the colored versions very well, so their print run was very short-lived. Even now, the original sepia comics are reprinted from time to time, either as serialized comics or collected editions.
420:-style adventures, with him acting as a skilled detective, and using his incredible mental abilities to solve the ongoing mysteries; however, he also fights spirits, monsters, supervillain organizations, and supernatural threats with magic and martial arts. Kalimán himself refused to use any kind of gun, continuously insisting that firearms in general were the last resource of the weak, although he eventually used arrows, swords, or daggers to disarm his enemies. 490:: He was the most notorious exception, since he is the only one who came back regularly, both in the comic and the radio drama. He returned so frequently that, at some point, he was present in two different stories published at the same time. He is a super spy, like an evil James Bond, full of gadgets and mischievous plans. He is extremely skilled, able to escape from the most desperate situations, and possessing an enormous talent to avoid being incarcerated. 377:, and the radio series spawned a comic book series and two film adaptations. The adventures of Kalimán were published as a serialized weekly comic, and printed for twenty-six consecutive years, with the series reaching its highest popularity in 1965; it is still quite popular today in reprints and in paperback format. Kalimán himself is considered as a Mexican pop culture icon and one of the first and most representative examples of Mexican superheroes. 548:, but the credit always went to "Kalimán himself", avoiding any mention of an actor behind the radio character. At some point, many fans truly believed he was a real person, now retired, who was narrating his personal experiences with the assistance of the radio station. In Colombia, Kalimán was played by Gaspar Ospina. The radio drama has been continuously on air several times along the years in different regions of Mexico and Spanish America. 455:: An eleven-year-old boy, rescued from the streets of Cairo in Kalimán's first adventure. It is initially stated that he is "incredibly valuable" to restoring the Pharaoh's just and fair rule to Egypt. However, he needs to be trained both physically and mentally prior to reconstructing his kingdom, in order to become a great ruler, hence the reason why Kalimán was sent to locate and protect him until the day he is ready to fulfill his destiny. 125: 63: 22: 682:, written by Clemente Uribe Ugarte, was published on December 4, 1965, with the first to tenth parts of the story "Los Profanadores de Tumbas" ("The Tomb Raiders"). 100,000 copies were sold within that week, and due to excessive demand, the issue had to be reprinted. The original series ran until 1991, with a total of 1,348 weekly issues. 686:"Kalicolor" and "Kalimán de Lujo" were done in full color, using the same printing process as in America, but they were less popular than the original magazine and never sold well. The reprints give the scriptwriting credits to Víctor Fox, who had purchased the rights to the comic, instead of the comics' original writer, Clemente Uribe. 861:), but they have been on hold, due to copyright issues. In 2015, it was finally announced that José Ángel Medina was the legal owner of all the character copyrights. Medina also stated he was negotiating with Marvel Comics for a deal to reprint the comics, but also included an option to produce a movie. 551:
In October 2015, as part of the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the first published comic book, the last recorded adventure "The Nefertti Necklace", never aired before on radio, began airing in MVS 102.5 FM in Mexico City, with a mix of modern production from the original recording (which
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Every adventure had its respective villains, who usually only appeared in that specific story and never came back, being killed, imprisoned, defeated, or vanished at the end; however, three of them made a notorious difference in Kalimán's universe: Black Spider, Karma, and Namilak. Count Bartok, as
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format. In order to preserve the same aura of mystery as presented by the original radio play, the comic strictly stuck to its established story; it never mentioned any details about Kalimán not previously mentioned in the radio drama, nor added additional information about the main character. The
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sued Promotora K for using "El Hombre Increible" in Kalimán's comic title. After several months, the court ruled in favor of Promotora K with the reasoning that Marvel did not use the subtitle "El Hombre Increible" until 1968, years after Kalimán was sold in the United States. As a result of this
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Kalimán wears an all-white outfit (except for the reverse of his cloak, which is dark red), with just one mark: a jeweled-encased "K" in front of his turban. Being a master of all martial arts, he does not use any kind of weapons, except a blow-gun with tranquilizer darts, and a ceremonial dagger
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The comic book was printed in sepia tones, with an artistic watercolor effect on every page, like most of the Mexican comics of that time, instead of the CMYK printing technique used in American comics. Only the cover, painted with acrylics, was done in full color. Later, the special editions
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Most of Kalimán's first adventures in comic book format were adaptations of the original radio drama scripts; some even had the same titles, but eventually developed their own independent stories. After issue 1308, the comic began to reprint the complete series in the same order as they were
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In 2016, to commemorate the first fifty years of Kalimán, the first radio drama script, "Los Profanadores de Tumbas" ("The Tomb Raiders"), was rewritten and adapted to a novel format. The book also includes new illustrations specifically made for it by René del Valle, one of the artists who
252: 405:, and self-healing, among others. He makes clear that he does nothing that any other men would not be able to do through self-discipline, study, and hard work. It is assumed that his apprentice, Solín, a common boy, will eventually take his place as he learns from him. 812:
ruling, Marvel Comics had to pay royalties to Promotora K to legally use "El Hombre Increible" in the Hulk's titles. After the decision was made, Promotora K made several Kalimán covers featuring parodies of popular Fantastic Four characters threatening Kalimán.
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as well, starting with the eleventh issue of the Mexican run, the beginning of the second story, "The Valley of the Vampires". The Colombian run of the comic book lasted for more than 1,206 issues. From Colombia, the comic was also exported to most
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that complements his costume. He also possesses extraordinary mental powers: levitation, telepathy, remote viewing, telekinesis, astral projection, control of the involuntary functions of the body (which allows him to feign being dead), hypnosis,
850:) (1976), based on the adventures from radio and comic of the same name; it was filmed on location in Brazil and México. It was less successful than the first film, and for some time, there were no plans for other movies based on the character. 522:), a radio station dedicated to broadcast radio dramas, soap operas in the mornings, and adventure plays at afternoon. The show was an immediate hit, and soon was broadcast throughout the 803:
The comic was so popular that it was one of the few Mexican comics consistently sold in the United States, mostly in areas with a large Latin American population. Since the character
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presents more modern technology than the first adventures, recorded over twenty years earlier), along with the most modern radio production technology of the time (2015).
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Kalimán's true origin is unknown, and never revealed in any media, which adds to the sense of mystery that surrounds his character. He is supposedly an
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Two years after his radio debut, Kalimán's popularity grew so much that the decision was made for Promotora K to publish his adventures in
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orphan, who was found abandoned in a river and adopted by Prince Abul Pasha, who hails from one of the kingdoms in the Valley of
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adventurer superhero, created by Rafael Cutberto Navarro and Modesto Vázquez González in 1963. He is the main character of the
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7. "The Unburied One", issues 90-103; main villain: Sacha Moster (first original story created exclusively for the comic)
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To spice up the mystery of Kalimán's true identity, the voice of the Mexican version of the radio play was done by actor
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well as battling Kaliman, also served as the host in his own title, presenting one-off horror stories, akin to
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If compared with modern-day superheroes, Kalimán could be described as a combination of Marvel Comics'
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used the subtitle "El Hombre Increible" for Latin American editions and was first published in 1962,
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Due to the popularity of the character, two movies were produced in Mexico, with Canadian actor
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bearing his name, which depicts the adventures of Kalimán, a descendant of the Egyptian
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countries, contributing to the expansion of Kalimán's popularity across Latin America.
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Gravett, Paul, "1001 Comics You Should Read Before You Die", Universe, 2011, page 267.
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radio series started in 1963. It was transmitted by Radio Cadena Nacional (1110 AM in
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19. "Mysteries of the Chinese Wall", issues 411-452; main villain: The Black Knight
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As of 2011, there have been plans for a third movie, with the working title of
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5. "The Tiger of Hong-Kong", issues 64-77; main villain: The Tiger of Hong-Kong
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10. "Samurais, Messengers of Death", issues 147-180; main villain: Doctor Kiro
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37. "The Man Who Fell from the Moon", issues 1264–1308; main villain: Cosman
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Navarro was also the founder of its flagship network, Radio Cadena Nacional.
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15. "Return of the Black Spider", issues 280-315; main villain: Black Spider
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23. "The White Witch of Kilimanjaro"; issues 563-633, main villain: Tac-Tac
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4. "The Mystery of the Astronauts", issues 47-64; main villain: Van Zeland
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11. "Magicians of Crime", issues 175-212; main villain: Professor Satanyk
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8. "The Strange Doctor Death", issues 103-124; main villain: Doctor Death
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2. "The Valley of the Vampires", issues 11-32; main villain: Count Bártok
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30. "Panthers of Istanbul", issues 978-1018; main villain: Prince Sakiri
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20. "The Invisible Assassin", issues 447-485; main villain: Baron Kruger
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24. "The Triangle of Death", issues 622-698; main villain: Black Spider
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27. "The Shadow of Terror", issues 806-887; main villain: Count Bartok
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3. "Mysteries of Bonampak", issues 33-47; main villain: Captain Scott
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13. "Messengers of Death", issues 231-259; main villain: The Octopus
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6. "The Mummies of Machu-Pichu", issues 77-90; main villain: Comahué
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34. "City of the Dead", issues 1144–1194; main villain: Doctor Hill
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16. "The Fantastic Journey", issues 310-351; main villain: Poseidon
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1. "The Tomb Raiders", issues 1-10; main villain: Eric von Kraufen
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33. "The Chinese Terror", issues 1092–1153; main villain: Lin-Poo
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32. "Masks of Death", issues 1061–1101; main villain: Lukas Hunt
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collaborated with the comic in its final years of publication.
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26. "The Revenge of Karma", issues 742-817; main villain: Karma
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12. "The White Terror", issues 201-244; main villain: The Brain
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9. "The Black Hand", issues 124-150; main villain: Black Spider
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36. "The Red Warriors", issues 1227–1273; main villain: Katana
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35. "Terror Underground", issues 1186–1236; main villain: Isis
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28. "The Seventh Death", issues 880-944; main villain: Namilak
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21. "The Sacred Pharaoh", issues 478-522; main villain: Nefris
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29. "Black Magic", issues 935-989; main villain: Black Spider
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18. "Horsemen of Terror", issues 378-416; main villain: Zulma
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14. "Puppets of Hell", issues 256-287; main villain: Bengala
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17. "Brains of Hell", issues 344-387; main villain: Humanon
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18. "Werewolves" (literal translation: "The Human Wolves")
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31. "Black Buddha", issues 1009–1070; main villain: Ramar
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22. "The Red Dragon", issues 513-572; main villain: Karma
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25. "Eye of Satan", issues 685-752; main villain: Kardo
297:"Los Profanadores de Tumbas (The Tomb Raiders)", 1963 526:. Due to its success, the radio play was redone in 149:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 984: 902:"Kalimán, el hombre increíble (1972) (IMDb)" 653:29. "The Octopus with the Golden Tentacles" 91:of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 589:by Víctor Fox (Héctor Gonzalez pseudonym) 250: 227:Learn how and when to remove this message 209:Learn how and when to remove this message 107:Learn how and when to remove this message 848:Kalimán in the Sinister World of Humanón 844:Kalimán en el Siniestro Mundo de Humanón 701:In 2010, the Ecuadorian daily newspaper 689:The Kalimán comic book was published in 668: 651:28. "Invasion of the Satanic Worshipers" 715:List of Kalimán's comic book adventures 408:Kalimán's dramas were a combination of 985: 887: 885: 883: 627:16. "The Genius from beyond the Grave" 593:List of Kalimán's radio drama episodes 537:In addition to being a co-creator of 1033:Comics characters introduced in 1965 824:as Kalimán. His voice was dubbed by 637:21. "The White Witch of Kilimanjaro" 623:14. "The Black Panthers of Istanbul" 380: 147:adding citations to reliable sources 118: 56: 15: 1018:Radio characters introduced in 1963 880: 864: 815: 663:34. "The Sinister World of Humanon" 655:30. "Death in the Fourth Dimension" 643:24. "Samurais, Messengers of Death" 13: 1048:Radio programs adapted into comics 599:2. "The Mystery of the Astronauts" 434: 14: 1114: 1043:Radio programs adapted into films 968: 645:25. "Terror from the Grey Planet" 334:Esoteric and scientific knowledge 31:This article has multiple issues. 649:27. "The Castle of the Monsters" 123: 61: 20: 798: 607:6. "The Mummies of Machu Pichu" 605:5. "The Valley of the Vampires" 134:needs additional citations for 39:or discuss these issues on the 946: 920: 894: 609:7. "The Queen of the Gorillas" 603:4. "The Mysteries of Bonampak" 306:Rafael Cutberto Navarro Huerta 1: 873: 615:10. "The Diabolical Warlocks" 611:8. "The Strange Doctor Death" 505: 1053:Comics based on radio series 833:Kalimán, el Hombre Increíble 625:15. "The Red Mask Assassins" 613:9. "Atlantis, the Lost City" 563:Kalimán, the Incredible Man: 257:Kaliman, el Hombre Increíble 7: 993:1963 radio programme debuts 837:Kalimán, the Incredible Man 601:3. "The Tiger of Hong-Kong" 447:Kalimán, the Incredible Man 358:Kalimán, the Incredible Man 342:Almost superhuman strength 10: 1119: 621:13. "The Invisible Terror" 1013:Male characters in comics 659:32. "The Terrible Miklos" 635:20. "The Idols Vengeance" 633:19. "The Sons of the Sun" 328: 320: 315: 301: 291: 273: 268: 249: 244: 1008:Male characters in radio 661:33. "The Demon of Tibet" 657:31. "Magicians of Crime" 619:12. "The Living Corpses" 310:Modesto Vázquez González 1058:Fictional Indian people 665:35. "Malevolent Power" 647:26. "Beyond the Beyond" 641:23. "The Space Pirates" 629:17. "The Game of Death" 534:with Colombian actors. 269:Publication information 1003:Fantasy radio programs 998:Mexican radio programs 617:11. "The Black Spider" 72:may be written from a 1028:Mexican comics titles 669:Comic book adaptation 597:1. "The Tomb Raiders" 518:, currently known as 344:Limited shapeshifting 78:neutral point of view 1103:Egyptian superheroes 842:The second film was 481:Tales from the Crypt 316:In-story information 143:improve this article 1088:Mexican superheroes 1068:Fictional telepaths 805:The Incredible Hulk 639:22. "Sons of Satan" 565:Luis Manuel Pelayo 261:Jose Luis Gutierrez 259:promotional art by 74:fan's point of view 1038:1965 comics debuts 975:Unofficial website 826:Luis Manuel Pelayo 546:Luis Manuel Pelayo 1093:Culture of Mexico 1083:Radio superheroes 1063:Fictional orphans 831:The first movie, 381:Origin and powers 348: 347: 237: 236: 229: 219: 218: 211: 193: 117: 116: 109: 54: 1110: 1098:Male superheroes 1078:Superhero comics 1073:Adventure comics 979: 962: 961: 950: 944: 943: 941: 940: 924: 918: 917: 915: 914: 898: 892: 889: 865:Novel adaptation 816:Film adaptations 524:Mexican Republic 476:The Crypt-keeper 324:No dual identity 293:First appearance 254: 242: 241: 239:Comics character 232: 225: 214: 207: 203: 200: 194: 192: 151: 127: 119: 112: 105: 101: 98: 92: 87:to conform to a 76:, rather than a 65: 64: 57: 46: 24: 23: 16: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1107: 983: 982: 977: 971: 966: 965: 952: 951: 947: 938: 936: 926: 925: 921: 912: 910: 900: 899: 895: 890: 881: 876: 867: 859:Kalimán Returns 855:Kalimán Regresa 818: 801: 794: 792: 790: 788: 786: 784: 782: 780: 778: 776: 774: 772: 770: 768: 766: 764: 762: 760: 758: 756: 754: 752: 750: 748: 746: 744: 742: 740: 738: 736: 734: 732: 730: 728: 726: 724: 717: 678:first issue of 671: 664: 662: 660: 658: 656: 654: 652: 650: 648: 646: 644: 642: 640: 638: 636: 634: 632: 630: 628: 626: 624: 622: 620: 618: 616: 614: 612: 610: 608: 606: 604: 602: 600: 598: 595: 559: 530:, broadcast by 508: 461: 442: 437: 435:Main characters 410:Sherlock Holmes 383: 375:Spanish America 343: 341: 339: 337: 335: 333: 308: 283: 264: 240: 233: 222: 221: 220: 215: 204: 198: 195: 152: 150: 140: 128: 113: 102: 96: 93: 89:higher standard 82: 66: 62: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 1116: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1023:Mexican comics 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 981: 980: 970: 969:External links 967: 964: 963: 960:. 5 July 2012. 945: 919: 893: 878: 877: 875: 872: 866: 863: 817: 814: 800: 797: 716: 713: 709:Quito, Ecuador 696:South American 670: 667: 594: 591: 555: 507: 504: 459: 440: 436: 433: 425:Doctor Strange 382: 379: 346: 345: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 313: 312: 303: 299: 298: 295: 289: 288: 277: 271: 270: 266: 265: 255: 247: 246: 238: 235: 234: 217: 216: 199:September 2013 131: 129: 122: 115: 114: 97:September 2013 69: 67: 60: 55: 29: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1115: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 990: 988: 976: 973: 972: 959: 958:Cine PREMIERE 955: 949: 935: 934: 929: 923: 909: 908: 903: 897: 888: 886: 884: 879: 871: 862: 860: 856: 851: 849: 845: 840: 838: 834: 829: 827: 823: 813: 810: 809:Marvel Comics 806: 796: 721: 712: 710: 706: 705: 699: 697: 692: 687: 683: 681: 676: 666: 590: 588: 584: 583:Marcos Ortiz 582: 578: 577:Isidro Olace 576: 572: 571:Luis de Alba 570: 566: 564: 560: 558: 553: 549: 547: 542: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 503: 501: 497: 495: 491: 489: 485: 483: 482: 477: 473: 469: 468:Cain and Abel 463: 462: 456: 454: 450: 448: 444: 443: 432: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 406: 404: 398: 396: 392: 388: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 361:is a popular 360: 359: 354: 353: 331: 327: 323: 319: 314: 311: 307: 304: 300: 296: 294: 290: 286: 285:Editora Cinco 281: 278: 276: 272: 267: 262: 258: 253: 248: 243: 231: 228: 213: 210: 202: 191: 188: 184: 181: 177: 174: 170: 167: 163: 160: –  159: 155: 154:Find sources: 148: 144: 138: 137: 132:This article 130: 126: 121: 120: 111: 108: 100: 90: 86: 80: 79: 75: 70:This article 68: 59: 58: 53: 51: 44: 43: 38: 37: 32: 27: 18: 17: 978:(in Spanish) 957: 948: 937:. 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"Kalimán"
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Jose Luis Gutierrez
Publisher
Promotora K
Editora Cinco
First appearance
Rafael Cutberto Navarro Huerta
Modesto Vázquez González
Mexican
radio drama

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