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This second adjective means "good" in a broad and general sense, and had no particular physical or aesthetic connotations, but could describe a person's excellence of character (ethical virtue), for example their bravery. In the 4th century, it often carried implications of dutiful citizenship.
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The phrase could be used both in a generic sense, or with certain specific force. As a generic term, it may have been used as the combination of distinct virtues, which we might translate as "handsome and brave", or the intersection of the two words "good" or "upstanding". Translations such as
311:(1998). Her interpretation is dependent upon the interpretation that for Aristotle, both kalokagathia and megalopsuchia, are not, in their true forms, virtues that come about only because people want to be honoured for doing good things.
146:"gentleman" or "knight" have traditionally been suggested to convey the social aspect of the phrase, while "war hero" or the more cynical "martyr" are more recent versions, and emphasise the military element.
142:. It became a fixed phrase by which the Athenian aristocracy referred to itself; in the ethical philosophers, the first of whom were Athenian gentlemen, the term came to mean the ideal or perfect man.
215:
means beautiful and encompasses meanings equivalent to
English "good", "noble", and "handsome". The form given by convention is the masculine, but it was equally used of women (the feminine form is
278:) which literally means "good and wise" in Greek, to avoid association with the belief that external beauty (kalos) was associated with inner beauty,
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Its recorded usage dates from the second half of the 5th and in the 4th century B.C.. For example, in Plato's
322:("a healthy soul in a healthy body"). It is also seen as a target in balanced education of body and spirit.
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239:(the neutral form) in his attempts to define ideals. However, his protagonist in the dialogue,
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In
Aristotle, the term becomes important as a technical term used in discussions about
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130:, harmonious in mind and body, foursquare in battle and speech, song and action".
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and the classical period. The phrase is adjectival, composed of two adjectives,
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The possession of the beautiful and the good has a correspondent in Latin:
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The word was a term used in Greek when discussing the concept of
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Aristotle, Kant, and the Stoics: Rethinking
Happiness and Duty
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100:("good" or "virtuous"), the second of which is combined by
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221:) and could also describe animals or inanimate objects.
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Engstrom, Stephen; Whiting, Jennifer (April 13, 1998).
180:(gentleman) should live is also discussed at length in
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Studies in slave and post-slave societies and cultures
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466:. In Gardner, Jane; Wiedemann), Thomas (eds.).
434:Becoming Female: The Male Body in Greek Tragedy
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66:) is the derived noun, is a phrase used by
176:, Book VIII, chapter 3 (1248b). And how a
285:In Aristotle's ethical works such as the
27:Ancient Greek ideal of gentlemanly virtue
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458:Weiler, Ingomar (12 November 2013).
418:Paideia, The Ideals of Greek Culture
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468:Representing the Body of the Slave
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558:Gilman, Sander L. (May 10, 2018).
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594:Concepts in ancient Greek ethics
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162:There is thematic discussion of
70:writers to describe an ideal of
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155:, a young man is described as
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437:. A&C Black. p. 76.
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560:"How Posture Makes Us Human"
126:ideal of the complete human
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515:Cambridge University Press
431:Cawthorn, Katrina (2013).
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80:Its use is attested since
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318:mens sana in corpore sano
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157:imbued with kalokagathia
51:[kalòskaːɡatʰós]
589:Greek words and phrases
396:A Greek–English Lexicon
344:De Tranquillitate Animi
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122:summarizes it as "the
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303:("greatness of soul",
266:Plato coined the term
387:Liddell, Henry George
513:(reprint ed.).
288:Nicomachean Ethics
268:Agathos kai sophos
186:Socratic dialogues
92:("beautiful") and
188:, especially the
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381:καλοκἄγαθος
355:Male beauty
305:magnanimity
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191:Oeconomicus
140:aristocracy
128:personality
72:gentlemanly
63:καλοκαγαθία
578:Categories
524:0521624975
460:"Inverted
366:References
124:chivalrous
489:1462-1770
338:Philotimo
168:Aristotle
82:Herodotus
564:Nautilus
416:(1945).
326:See also
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230:Republic
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113:κἀγαθός
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360:Mensch
199:Ethics
102:crasis
96:ἀγαθός
548:367e.
542:93e,
350:Junzi
332:Arete
246:καλόν
225:Plato
212:καλός
205:Kalos
152:Lysis
104:with
88:καλός
539:Meno
519:ISBN
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439:ISBN
291:and
218:καλή
134:Uses
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