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1358:) by subordinates and peers alike. In addition, the individual has needs for a degree of personal admiration by those within this person's social circle and, lastly, for raw personal achievement. These characteristics comprise the "expansive" neurotic type. Expansive types also tend to keep people around them. On the other hand, they only care about their wants and needs. They would do whatever they can to satisfy their needs and wouldn't desist from hurting anyone in the obtainment of them.
1646:" and the "ideal self". The real self is who and what we actually are. The ideal self is the type of person we feel we should be. The real self has the potential for growth, happiness, will power, realization of gifts, etc., but it also has deficiencies. The ideal self is used as a model to assist the real self in developing its potential and achieving self-actualization. (Engler 125) But it is important to know the differences between our ideal and real self.
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1470:" occurs just as much in men: Horney felt men were envious of a woman's ability to bear children. The degree to which men are driven to success may be merely a substitute for the fact they cannot carry, bear, and nurture children. Horney also thought men were envious of women because they fulfill their position in society by simply "being", whereas men achieve their manhood according to their ability to provide and succeed.
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1310:". Those within the compliance category tend to exhibit a need for affection and approval on the part of their peers. They may also seek out a partner, somebody to confide in, fostering the belief that, in turn, all of life's problems would be solved by the new cohort. A lack of demands and a desire for inconspicuousness both occur in these individuals.
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disciplinary figure," who also held his son Berndt in higher regard than Karen. Instead of being offended or feeling indignation over Karen's perceptions of him, her father brought her gifts from far-away countries. Despite this, Karen always felt deprived of her father's affection and instead became attached to her mother.
1601:.) Her other two neurotic "solutions" were also a refinement of her previous views: self-effacement, or submission to others, and resignation, or detachment from others. She described case studies of symbiotic relationships between arrogant-vindictive and self-effacing individuals, labeling such a relationship bordering on
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Like others whose views differed from that of Freud, Horney felt sex and aggression were not the primary factors that shape personality. Horney, along with Adler, believed there were greater influences on personality, including social relationship factors during childhood, rather than just repressed
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In 1926, Horney and her husband separated; they would divorce in 1937. She and their three daughters moved out of Oskar's house. Oskar had proven to be very similar to Horney's father, with an authoritarian personality. After studying more psychoanalytic theory, Horney regretted not objecting to her
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Horney's apparent loss of interest in feminine psychology has led some to contend she was never really a feminist, despite the fact she was far ahead of her time in her trenchant critique of the patriarchal ideology of her culture and the phallocentricity of psychoanalysis. Janet Sayers argues that
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comprise another part of this category; those withdrawing may strive for perfection above all else, to the point where being flawed is utterly unacceptable. Everything the "detached" type does must be unassailable and refined. They suppress or deny all feelings towards others, particularly love and
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From her experiences as a psychiatrist, Horney named ten patterns of neurotic needs. These ten needs are based upon things which she thought all humans require to succeed in life. Horney modified these needs somewhat to correspond with what she believed were individuals' neuroses. A neurotic person
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of the
American Institute of Psychoanalysis, a training institute for those who were interested in Horney's own organization, the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. She founded this organization after becoming dissatisfied with the generally strict, orthodox nature of the prevailing
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From roughly the age of nine Karen became ambitious and somewhat rebellious. She felt she could not become pretty, and instead decided to vest her energies into her intellectual qualities â despite the fact she was seen by most as pretty. At this time she developed a crush on her older brother, who
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or solutions in that it is not compensatory. Self-idealization is compensatory in her theory, but it differs from narcissism. All the defensive strategies involve self-idealization, but in the narcissistic solution, it tends to be the product of indulgence rather than deprivation. The narcissist's
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in a different light from other psychoanalysts of the time. Her expansive interest in the subject led her to compile a detailed theory of neurosis, with data from her patients. Horney believed neurosis to be a continuous processâwith neuroses commonly occurring sporadically in a person's lifetime.
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These
Freudian revisionistsâincluding Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, and Harry Stack Sullivanâagreed that relational, social, and cultural factors were of great significance in shaping personality. Even though these three therapists are typically called neo-Freudians, it would be more appropriate, as
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is something that all people strive for. By "self" she understood the core of one's own being and potential. Horney believed that if we have an accurate conception of our own self, then we are free to realize our potential and achieve what we wish, within reasonable boundaries. Thus, she believed
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Horney believed both men and women have a drive to be ingenious and productive. Women are able to satisfy this need normally and internallyâto do this they become pregnant and give birth. Men satisfy this need only through external ways; Horney proposed that the striking accomplishments of men in
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Women, according to Horney, traditionally gain value only through their children and the wider family. She de-romanticized the
Victorian concept of how a marriage bond should be. Horney explained that the "monogamous demand represents the fulfillment of narcissistic and sadistic impulses far more
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Horney kept diaries beginning at the age of thirteen. These journals showed Horney's confidence in her path for the future. She considered becoming a doctor, even though, at that time, women were not allowed to attend universities. According to Horney's adolescent diaries her father was "a cruel
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indifference towards the child, believing a child's perception of events, as opposed to the parent's intentions, is the key to understanding a person's neurosis. For instance, a child might feel a lack of warmth and affection should a parent make fun of the child's feelings. The parent may also
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soon after. He rapidly became embittered, morose and argumentative. That same year, Horney's brother died of a pulmonary infection. Both events contributed to a worsening of Horney's mental health. She entered into a second period of deep depression; she swam out to sea during a vacation and
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The Karen Horney Clinic opened on May 6, 1955 in New York City, in honor of Horney's achievements. The institution seeks to research and train medical professionals, particularly in the psychiatric fields, as well as serving as a low-cost treatment center. Patients that are not suitable for
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Horney was also a pioneer in the discipline of feminine psychiatry. As one of the first female psychiatrists, she was the first known woman to present a paper regarding feminine psychiatry. Fourteen of the papers she wrote between 1922 and 1937 were amalgamated into a single volume titled
1088:. She then took up a teaching position within the Institute. She helped design and eventually directed the Society's training program, taught students, and conducted psychoanalytic research. She also saw patients for private psychoanalytic sessions, and continued to work at the hospital.
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The neurotic person's self is split between an idealized self and a real self. As a result, neurotic individuals feel they somehow do not live up to the ideal self. They feel there is a flaw somewhere in comparison to what they "should" be. The goals set out by the neurotic are not
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Despite her increasing deviation from orthodox
Freudian doctrine, she practised and taught at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Society until 1932. Freud's increasing coolness toward her and her concern over the rise of Nazism in Germany motivated her to accept an invitation by
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Through her fellow student Carl MĂŒller-Braunschweigâwho later became a psychoanalystâshe met the business student Oskar Horney. They married in 1909. The couple moved to Berlin together, where Oskar worked in industry while Karen continued her studies at the
884:. Her father, Berndt Wackels Danielsen (1836â1910), was Norwegian but had German citizenship. He was a ship's captain in the merchant marine, and a Protestant traditionalist (his children nicknamed him "the Bible-thrower", as he did indeed throw Bibles).
1654:, or indeed possible. The real self then degenerates into a "despised self", and the neurotic person assumes this is the "true" self. Thus, the neurotic is like a clock's pendulum, oscillating between a fallacious "perfection" and a manifestation of
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Heinz
Ansbacher (1979) has suggested, to refer to them as neo-Adlerians because they moved away from Freud's biological and deterministic point of view and toward Adler's social-psychological and teleological (or goal-oriented) view of human nature.
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although Horney's "rejection of Freud's work in the name of women's self-esteem has certainly inspired many feminists," she herself "was far too much of an individualist ever to engage in collective political struggleâfeminist or otherwise."
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Although we do not have any evidence Adler and Horney may have influenced each other directly, the two theories share some striking similarities at theoretical and practical levels regarding the development of psychological problems (Mosak
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This is to a large extent due to the fact that her father was hardly ever present. The ship of which he was a captain went back and forth to South
America. A son and a daughter from the captain's first marriage died in Chile and Bolivia
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Karen's elder brother was also named Berndt, and Karen cared for him deeply. She also had four elder half-siblings from her father's previous marriage. However, there was no contact between the children of her father's two marriages.
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Her mother, Clotilde, née van
Ronzelen (1853â1911), known as "Sonni", was also Protestant, of Dutch origin. She was said to be more open-minded than Berndt, and yet she was "depressed, irritable, and domineering toward Karen".
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but saw the narcissistic personality as the product of a certain kind of early environment acting on a certain kind of temperament. For her, narcissistic needs and tendencies are not inherent in human nature.
1519:(1967). As a woman, she felt the mapping out of trends in female behaviour was a neglected issue. Women were regarded as objects of charm and beautyâat variance with every human being's ultimate purpose of
1354:. Manipulative qualities aside, under Horney's assertions the expansive individual may also wish for social recognition, not necessarily in terms of limelight, but in terms of simply being known (perhaps
1119:. Brooklyn was home to a large Jewish community, including a growing number of refugees from Nazi Germany, and psychoanalysis thrived there. It was in Brooklyn Horney became friends with analysts such as
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was in fact one of the first institutions in
Germany to enroll women in medical coursesâwith higher education only becoming available to women in Germany in 1900. By 1908, Horney had transferred to the
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This was in contrast to the opinions of her contemporaries who believed neurosis was, like more severe mental conditions, a negative malfunction of the mind in response to external stimuli, such as
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Kondo, A. (1961). The therapist-patient relationship in psychotherapy: On Horney's school and Morita therapy. Seishin
Bunseki Kenyu. (Japanese Journal of Psychoanalytic Research), (7), 30â35.
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Oberst, Ursula E.; Stewart, Alan E. (2003). "Adlerian therapy and its relationship to other psychotherapeutic approaches: Neo-psychoanalytic theories: Horney's psychoanalytic approach".
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Horney is often thought of primarily as a neo-Freudian member of 'the cultural school,' which also includes Eric Fromm, Harry Stack
Sullivan, Clara Thompson, and Abraham Kardiner
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of the sexual elements, claiming the clinging to one parent and jealousy of the other was simply the result of anxiety, caused by a disturbance in the parent-child relationship.
837:. She disagreed with Freud about inherent differences in the psychology of men and women, and like Adler, she traced such differences to society and culture rather than biology.
1579:, according to Paris, "makes a major contribution to psychological thoughtâparticularly the study of personalityâthat deserves to be more widely known and applied than it is."
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became embarrassed by her attentions â soon pushing her away. She suffered the first of several bouts of depression â an issue that would plague her for the rest of her life.
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1034:. Within the space of one year, Karen gave birth to her first child and lost both of her parents. She entered psychoanalysis to help herself cope. Her first analyst was
1554:. The book asserted that those, both male and female, with relatively minor neurotic problems could, in effect, be their own psychiatrists. She continually stressed
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psychoanalysis are treated with psychotherapeutic modalities such as supportive psychotherapy, and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, all based on Horney's ideas.
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9. The need for perfection; while many are driven to perfect their lives in the form of well being, the neurotic may display a fear of being slightly flawed.
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While non-neurotic individuals may strive for these needs, neurotics exhibit a much deeper, more willful and concentrated desire to fulfill the said needs.
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solution or a detached personality. As neither aggression nor compliance solve parental indifference, Horney recognized children might simply try to become
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7. The need for personal achievement; though virtually all persons wish to make achievements, as with No. 3, the neurotic may be desperate for achievement.
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sexual passions. The two focused more on how the conscious mind plays a role in human personality, not just subconscious repression. Freud's notion of "
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could theoretically exhibit all of these needs, though in practice fewer than the ten here need to be present for a person to be considered a neurotic.
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views. This was particularly true of her theories of sexuality and of the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis. She is credited with founding
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DeMartino, R. (1991). Karen Horney, Daisetz T. Suzuki, and Zen Buddhism. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, September, 51(3), 267â83.
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Horney believed these stimuli to be less important, except for influences during childhood. Rather, she placed significant emphasis on
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to become his assistant at the Chicago Institute of Psychoanalysis, and in 1932, she and her daughters moved to the United States.
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In the mid-1930s, Horney stopped writing on the topic of feminine psychology and never resumed. Her biographer B.J. Paris writes:
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before graduating with an M.D. in 1913. Attending several universities was common at the time to gain a basic medical education.
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to those around them. That is, there is a need for power, a need for control and exploitation, and a maintenance of a facade of
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self-actualization is the healthy person's aim through lifeâas opposed to the neurotic's clinging to a set of key needs.
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Despite these variances with the prevalent Freudian view, Horney strove to reformulate Freudian thought, presenting a
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Horney delves into a detailed explanation of the above needs (and their corresponding neurotic solutions) in her book
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10. Lastly, the need to restrict life practices to within narrow borders; to live as inconspicuous a life as possible.
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While Horney acknowledged and agreed with Freud on many issues, she was also critical of him on several key beliefs.
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Horney's deviation from Freudian psychology led to her resigning from her post, and she soon took up teaching in the
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Upon investigating the ten needs further, Horney found she was able to condense them into three broad categories:
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casually neglect to fulfill promises, which in turn could have a detrimental effect on the child's mental state.
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Dee Garrison, (Summer 1981) "Karen Horney and Feminism," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 6, no.4
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The Dynamic Self Searching for Growth and Authenticity: Karen Horney's Contribution to Humanistic Psychology
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Horney is often thought of primarily as a neo-Freudian member of "the cultural school," which also includes
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LeVine, P. (1994). Impressions of Karen Horney's final lectures. Australian Psychologist. 29 (1), 153â57.
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While living in Brooklyn, Horney taught and trained psychoanalysts in New York City, working both at the
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and achieve control over othersâwhile most persons seek strength, the neurotic may be desperate for it.
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who practiced in the United States during her later career. Her theories questioned some traditional
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Eckardt,M.H.(2006) Karen Horney: a portrait. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 2, 105.
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attempted to shed new light on the problems women experience when raising adolescents.
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and Horney influenced one another, they landed at similar theoretical understandings.
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4. The need for personal admiration; for both inner and outer qualitiesâto be valued.
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Horney was bewildered by psychiatrists' tendency to place so much emphasis on the
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2. The need for a partner; one whom they can love and who will solve all problems.
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It was in Brooklyn Horney developed and advanced her composite theories regarding
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Horney was born Karen Danielsen on 16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Germany, near
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Instead, she became increasingly interested in the subject of neurosis. Horney's
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Karen Horney Papers (MS 1604). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library
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1. The need for affection and approval; pleasing others and being liked by them.
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Horney developed her ideas to the extent that she released one of the first "
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is not strong, however, because it is not based on genuine accomplishments.
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The ten needs, as set out by Horney, (classified according to her so-called
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Karen Horney: a psychoanalyst's search. Chapter 10. The masculinity complex
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Lead Article: Health and Growth (The article is devoted to Karen Horney's
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8. The need for self-sufficiency and independence; while most desire some
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was fixed upon marriage, as were six other of Horney's papers. Her essay
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solution. Neurotic children or adults within this category often exhibit
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Against her parents' wishes, Horney entered medical school in 1906. The
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2604:. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 459.
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Karen Horney: a psychoanalyst's search. Part 5. Horney's mature theory.
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The Unknown Karen Horney: Essays on Gender, Culture, and Psychoanalysis
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Dr. C. George Boeree (Psychology Department, Shippensburg University)
2152:(1. publ., 3. print. ed.). Cambridge: Worth Publishers. pp.
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than it indicates the wishes of genuine loveâ. Most notably, her work
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Adlerian Psychotherapy: An Advanced Approach to Individual Psychology
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6. The need to exploit others; to get the better of them. To become
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Karen and Oskar had three daughters. The first, born in 1911, was
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Near the end of her career, Karen Horney summarized her ideas in
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1839:, ed. Bernard J. Paris, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2000.
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Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization
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was a part of becoming a better, stronger, richer human being.
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NYC Municipal Archives / WNYC audio recording of Karen Horney
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Karen Horney: a Psychoanalyst's Search for Self-understanding
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Karen Horney: A Psychoanalyst's Search for Self-Understanding
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Karen Horney: A Psychoanalyst's Search for Self-Understanding
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Lecture notes alongside psychological opinions at Sonoma.edu
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According to Horney we can have two views of our self: the "
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view of the individual psyche which placed much emphasis on
1374:) are assimilated into the detachment category, also called
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Paul, Henry (1991). "A report on the Karen Horney Clinic".
2103:"Say How? A Pronunciation Guide to Names of Public Figures"
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Mosak (1989) states that while there is no direct evidence
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and independence as the way forth. The stringent needs for
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husband ruling over their children when they were younger.
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Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
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Cold War Freud: Psychoanalysis in an Age of Catastrophes
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2531:"Codependency Is About Your Relationship With Yourself"
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Two years after moving to Chicago, Horney relocated to
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1979:"Beyond Freud: Towards a New Psychotherapy for Women"
1852:, ed. Douglas H. Ingram, Norton, 1991. 128 pp.
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Part 2. The Freudian phase and feminine psychology.
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Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy
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3621:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
1427:Narcissism is different from Horney's other major
2409:, edited by Robert Frager and James Fadiman, 1998
2054:
3653:
3611:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy
3626:Association for Behavior Analysis International
1543:for their inability to give birth to children.
536:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis
1439:
1149:, based on experiences gained from working in
2805:
2780:Books by Karen Horney at the Internet Archive
2229:
1932:"Notes from Underground: A Horneyan Analysis"
1658:. Horney referred to this phenomenon as the "
1411:Horney saw narcissism quite differently from
1084:In 1920, Horney was a founding member of the
763:
83:Theory of Neurotic Needs, Feminine Psychology
2668:Karen Horney: Gentle Rebel of Psychoanalysis
2329:
2327:
2325:
2212:(10 ed.). Cengage Limited. p. 98.
1824:The Therapeutic Process: Essays and Lectures
1280:
2727:Psychoanalytic Social Theory â Karen Horney
2050:
2048:
2046:
1244:5. The need for power; the ability to bend
2812:
2798:
2684:, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1986.
2642:, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1994.
2225:
2223:
1539:work or some other field can be viewed as
840:
770:
756:
678:International Psychoanalytical Association
29:
2737:The American Institute for Psychoanalysis
2654:Mind of Her Own: the Life of Karen Horney
2322:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2144:Schacter, Gilbert Wegner, Daniel (2011).
1001:Learn how and when to remove this message
2618:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2446:
2184:. Yale University Press. p. xviii.
2081:. Yale University Press. p. xxiii.
2043:
1976:
1669:
1444:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1360:
2600:Carlson, N.R. & Heth, C.D. (2007).
2511:
2498:
2441:Karen Horney: a psychoanalyst's search.
2399:
2387:
2375:
2278:Karen Horney: a psychoanalyst's search.
2220:
2175:
2173:
1312:
3654:
3631:European Association for Psychotherapy
2610:
2557:The American Journal of Psychoanalysis
2519:Neurosis and human growth. Chaps. 1â5.
2486:
2433:
2421:
2294:
2265:
1811:The Adolescent Diaries of Karen Horney
1687:The following are all still in print:
1665:
1613:with an arrogant-vindictive neurotic.
1503:
1419:theorists in that she did not posit a
1022:, and would transfer once more to the
3702:German emigrants to the United States
2793:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2282:
2207:
2179:
2076:
1983:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
1929:
1619:
1529:"The Problem of the Monogamous Ideal"
1259:Moving Away from People (Withdrawal)
1207:
1178:
812:
3757:20th-century German women physicians
2594:
2554:
2170:
1772:The Neurotic Personality of our Time
1477:. Horney also reworked the Freudian
1229:3. The need for social recognition;
1155:The Neurotic Personality of Our Time
939:adding citations to reliable sources
910:
672:Psychoanalytic Training and Research
462:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
3672:20th-century American psychologists
2916:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
2682:The Feminist Legacy of Karen Horney
2602:Psychology the science of behaviour
2454:The feminist legacy of Karen Horney
2260:The feminist legacy of Karen Horney
1798:The Collected Works of Karen Horney
1708:Are You Considering Psychoanalysis?
1582:
1552:Are You Considering Psychoanalysis?
1240:Moving Against People (Aggression)
1052:
683:World Association of Psychoanalysis
13:
3712:German people of Norwegian descent
3636:Society for Psychotherapy Research
2864:Transference focused psychotherapy
2742:International Karen Horney Society
2696:Personality Theories. Karen Horney
2356:
1923:
1219:Moving Toward People (Compliance)
1172:American Journal of Psychoanalysis
1169:. She also founded a journal, the
171:Psychosocial development (Erikson)
14:
3768:
2921:Rational emotive behavior therapy
2894:Functional analytic psychotherapy
2889:Acceptance and commitment therapy
2819:
2720:
2262:, New Haven, Conn. 1986, pp. 7â8.
1977:Walstedt, Joyce Jennings (1976).
1136:New York Psychoanalytic Institute
833:in response to Freud's theory of
688:List of schools of psychoanalysis
2670:, Summit Books, New York, 1978.
2656:, Summit Books, New York, 1987.
2508:Chapter 6. Alienation from self.
1870:
1561:
915:
787:
737:
664:British Psychoanalytical Society
516:Civilization and Its Discontents
148:
16:German psychoanalyst (1885â1952)
3641:World Council for Psychotherapy
2548:
2523:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2412:
2407:Personality and Personal Growth
2306:
2023:
1813:, Basic Books, New York, 1980.
1100:considered committing suicide.
1086:Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute
1049:, who became a famous actress.
926:needs additional citations for
3752:20th-century German physicians
3707:German people of Dutch descent
2702:The same article in PDF format
2418:Myers, Psychology 10th edition
2252:
2201:
2137:
2116:
2095:
2070:
1415:, Kohut, and other mainstream
1132:New School for Social Research
864:Horney is often classified as
670:Columbia University Center for
659:British Psychoanalytic Council
556:The Sublime Object of Ideology
526:The Mass Psychology of Fascism
1:
2854:Mentalization-based treatment
2762:Our Inner Conflicts: excerpts
2037:
1597:in a book published in 1939,
1406:
1288:
1091:By 1923, Oskar Horney's firm
875:
496:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
486:Psychology of the Unconscious
3687:American women psychologists
3682:American women psychiatrists
2911:Dialectical behavior therapy
2901:Cognitive behavioral therapy
906:
452:The Interpretation of Dreams
7:
3742:People from Altona, Hamburg
2941:Emotionally focused therapy
2302:Karen Horney: gentle rebel.
1863:
1440:Neo-psychoanalytic theories
1038:in 1910, then she moved to
849:of thought include Horney,
10:
3773:
3727:German women psychologists
3722:German women psychiatrists
3692:Analysands of Karl Abraham
3212:Systematic desensitization
3141:Practitionerâscholar model
2884:Clinical behavior analysis
2506:Neurosis and human growth.
2234:. Routledge. p. 124.
2180:Paris, Bernard J. (1994).
2077:Paris, Bernard J. (1994).
1930:Paris, Bernard J. (1973).
1753:New Ways in Psychoanalysis
1696:, Norton, New York, 1950.
1674:Clinic on East 62nd Street
1623:
1599:New Ways in Psychoanalysis
1550:" books in 1946, entitled
1507:
1443:
1318:Needs four through eight (
1294:Needs one, two and three (
1162:psychoanalytic community.
473:Three Essays on the Theory
3603:
3327:
3285:
3222:
3156:
3149:
3108:
3067:
3035:
2974:
2931:
2872:
2834:
2827:
2752:Biography at Webster.edu.
2710:Neurosis and Human Growth
2318:10.1007/s11231-006-9008-4
1800:(2 vols.), Norton, 1950.
1693:Neurosis and Human Growth
1577:mature theory of neurosis
1401:Neurosis and Human Growth
1281:Three categories of needs
651:Boston Graduate School of
123:
113:
106:
95:
87:
79:
63:
37:
28:
21:
3223:Other individual therapy
2456:, New Haven, Conn. 1986.
2124:"Merriam-Webster online"
2016:
1682:
1626:True self and false self
1366:Needs nine through ten (
1167:New York Medical College
1153:. In 1937 she published
868:but may also be seen as
166:Psychosexual development
3245:Cognitive restructuring
2966:Person-centered therapy
2055:Boeree, Dr. C. George.
1500:differences worldwide.
1372:restrict life practices
1020:University of Göttingen
841:Theoretical orientation
3677:American psychiatrists
3176:Contingency management
3055:Transtheoretical model
3045:Eclectic psychotherapy
3022:Transactional analysis
2774:50 Psychology Classics
2339:Langenderfer, Gretchen
1675:
1660:tyranny of the shoulds
1573:
1296:affection and approval
1095:, and Oskar developed
1082:
1015:University of Freiburg
3732:History of psychiatry
3126:Common factors theory
3090:Residential treatment
2126:. merriam-webster.com
1897:History of narcissism
1892:History of psychology
1673:
1568:
1508:Further information:
1362:Detachment/Withdrawal
1336:moving against people
1056:
744:Psychology portal
723:Psychoanalytic theory
3747:Women and psychology
3717:German psychiatrists
3555:Lorna Smith Benjamin
3390:Harry Stack Sullivan
3315:Sensitivity training
3116:Clinical formulation
2395:Our inner conflicts.
2372:, Feministvoices.com
2335:"Psychology History"
1533:"Maternal Conflicts"
1429:defensive strategies
1332:personal achievement
1314:Expansion/Aggression
1304:moving toward people
1121:Harry Stack Sullivan
1064:Harry Stack Sullivan
1024:University of Berlin
935:improve this article
855:Harry Stack Sullivan
708:Child psychoanalysis
196:Id, ego and superego
134:a series of articles
3287:Group psychotherapy
3198:Counterconditioning
3075:Brief psychotherapy
2946:Existential therapy
2769:Our Inner Conflicts
2712:) // MANAS Journal
1785:Feminine Psychology
1723:Our Inner Conflicts
1666:Karen Horney Clinic
1630:Horney also shared
1517:Feminine Psychology
1510:Feminine psychology
1504:Feminine psychology
1328:personal admiration
847:The Cultural School
831:feminist psychology
231:Countertransference
74:New York City, U.S.
3737:Narcissism writers
3415:Milton H. Erickson
3250:Emotion regulation
3230:Autogenic training
3121:Clinical pluralism
3050:Multimodal therapy
2849:Analytical therapy
2714:Volume XXIII, 1970
2680:Westkott, Marcia.
2638:Paris, Bernard J.
2569:10.1007/BF01249256
2405:Paris, Bernard J,
2208:Corey, G. (2020).
1907:Narcissistic abuse
1887:Auto-psychotherapy
1676:
1636:self-actualization
1620:Theory of the self
1521:self-actualization
1421:primary narcissism
1324:social recognition
1216:) are as follows:
1208:Ten neurotic needs
1179:Theory of neurosis
573:Schools of thought
506:The Ego and the Id
3649:
3648:
3575:William R. Miller
3560:Marsha M. Linehan
3530:Jean Baker Miller
3490:Salvador Minuchin
3370:Ludwig Binswanger
3323:
3322:
3158:Behaviour therapy
3085:Online counseling
3063:
3062:
3002:Narrative therapy
2906:Cognitive therapy
2452:Marcia Westcott,
2258:Marcia Westcott,
2241:978-1-5839-1122-8
1878:Psychology portal
1607:morbid dependency
1475:male sexual organ
1214:coping strategies
1183:Horney looked at
1011:
1010:
1003:
985:
780:
779:
264:Important figures
191:Psychic apparatus
127:
126:
108:Scientific career
52:16 September 1885
3764:
3565:Vittorio Guidano
3535:Otto F. Kernberg
3405:Donald Winnicott
3262:Free association
3207:Exposure therapy
3186:Stimulus control
3166:Aversion therapy
3154:
3153:
3017:Systemic therapy
2992:Feminist therapy
2844:Adlerian therapy
2832:
2831:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2716:No. 16 April 22.
2666:Rubins, Jack L.
2629:
2589:
2588:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:psychcentral.com
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2341:. Archived from
2331:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2290:Mind of her own.
2286:
2280:
2274:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2151:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2031:
2027:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1917:Unconscious mind
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1774:, Norton, 1937.
1756:, Norton, 1939.
1741:, Norton, 1942.
1726:, Norton, 1945.
1583:Self-realization
1376:moving-away-from
1093:became insolvent
1080:
1079:Bernard J. Paris
1053:Career and works
1006:
999:
995:
992:
986:
984:
943:
919:
911:
820:
810:
809:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
772:
765:
758:
742:
741:
740:
713:Depth psychology
615:Object relations
561:
551:
541:
531:
521:
511:
501:
491:
480:
467:
457:
152:
129:
128:
70:
51:
49:
33:
19:
18:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3599:
3580:Steven C. Hayes
3510:Paul Watzlawick
3495:Paul Watzlawick
3450:Virginia Axline
3360:SĂĄndor Ferenczi
3319:
3300:Couples therapy
3281:
3255:Affect labeling
3218:
3203:Desensitization
3145:
3131:Discontinuation
3104:
3059:
3031:
3012:Reality therapy
2970:
2956:Gestalt therapy
2927:
2875:
2868:
2823:
2818:
2723:
2626:
2597:
2595:Further reading
2592:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2482:
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2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2333:
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2311:
2307:
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2295:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2253:
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2228:
2221:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2007:
2005:
1995:10.2307/3346162
1968:
1966:
1926:
1924:Further reading
1921:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1685:
1668:
1628:
1622:
1585:
1564:
1512:
1506:
1479:Oedipal complex
1449:
1446:Neo-Freudianism
1442:
1409:
1384:self-sufficient
1363:
1348:basic hostility
1315:
1291:
1283:
1210:
1181:
1110:Franz Alexander
1081:
1078:
1055:
1047:Brigitte Horney
1007:
996:
990:
987:
944:
942:
932:
920:
909:
878:
843:
790:
786:
776:
738:
736:
729:
728:
727:
702:
694:
693:
692:
674:
671:
655:
652:
644:
636:
635:
634:
630:Self psychology
605:Intersubjective
574:
566:
565:
564:
559:
549:
539:
529:
519:
509:
499:
489:
481:
478:
474:
465:
455:
445:
444:Important works
437:
436:
435:
321:Freud (Sigmund)
265:
257:
256:
255:
160:
75:
72:
68:
67:4 December 1952
59:
53:
47:
45:
44:
43:
42:Karen Danielsen
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3770:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Ego psychology
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Arnold Lazarus
3547:
3545:Irvin D. Yalom
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Eugene Gendlin
3517:
3512:
3507:
3505:Ogden Lindsley
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3480:Virginia Satir
3477:
3472:
3470:James Bugental
3467:
3465:Silvano Arieti
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3335:Philippe Pinel
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Family therapy
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3242:
3240:Clean language
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3100:Support groups
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2880:
2878:
2874:Cognitive and
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2859:Psychoanalysis
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2767:Commentary on
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2721:External links
2719:
2718:
2717:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2678:
2664:
2652:Quinn, Susan.
2650:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2625:978-1107072398
2624:
2612:Herzog, Dagmar
2608:
2605:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2563:(3): 341â342.
2547:
2522:
2510:
2497:
2485:
2483:Paris, p. xvi.
2476:
2467:
2458:
2445:
2432:
2420:
2411:
2398:
2386:
2383:Self-Analysis.
2374:
2370:"Karen Horney"
2355:
2321:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2264:
2251:
2240:
2219:
2200:
2190:
2169:
2163:978-1429241076
2162:
2136:
2115:
2094:
2087:
2069:
2057:"Karen Horney"
2041:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1974:
1948:10.2307/461530
1942:(3): 511â522.
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1912:Phallic monism
1909:
1904:
1902:Mental illness
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1858:978-0393307559
1850:Final Lectures
1847:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1769:
1766:alternate link
1749:
1734:
1719:
1711:Norton, 1946.
1704:
1684:
1681:
1667:
1664:
1632:Abraham Maslow
1621:
1618:
1584:
1581:
1563:
1560:
1556:self-awareness
1505:
1502:
1441:
1438:
1417:psychoanalytic
1408:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1320:exploit others
1316:
1313:
1311:
1292:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:and limelight.
1227:
1224:
1209:
1206:
1180:
1177:
1076:
1072:Abram Kardiner
1068:Clara Thompson
1054:
1051:
1009:
1008:
950:"Karen Horney"
923:
921:
914:
908:
905:
877:
874:
859:Clara Thompson
842:
839:
778:
777:
775:
774:
767:
760:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:
731:
730:
726:
725:
720:
718:Psychodynamics
715:
710:
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:
685:
680:
675:
668:
666:
661:
656:
653:Psychoanalysis
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
585:Ego psychology
582:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
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458:
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178:
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162:
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154:
153:
145:
144:
142:Psychoanalysis
138:
137:
125:
124:
121:
120:
118:Psychoanalysis
115:
111:
110:
104:
103:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:Known for
77:
76:
73:
71:(aged 67)
65:
61:
60:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3769:
3758:
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3753:
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3642:
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3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:Jeffrey Young
3588:
3586:
3585:Michael White
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Les Greenberg
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
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3548:
3546:
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3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:Carl Whitaker
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Viktor Frankl
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Jacques Lacan
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Wilhelm Reich
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Melanie Klein
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Sigmund Freud
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:Token economy
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Music therapy
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Dance therapy
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
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2930:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
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2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2836:Psychodynamic
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:Psychotherapy
2815:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2474:Paris, p. 92.
2471:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2345:on 2010-07-09
2344:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2193:
2191:0-300-06860-3
2187:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2088:0-300-06860-3
2084:
2080:
2073:
2058:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2030:respectively.
2026:
2022:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1851:
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1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:Self-analysis
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
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1690:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:'s view that
1633:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:co-dependency
1608:
1604:
1603:sadomasochism
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1562:Mature theory
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1501:
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1495:
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1487:
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1471:
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1454:
1447:
1437:
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1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1308:basic anxiety
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:psychotherapy
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1005:
1002:
994:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
959:
955:
952: â
951:
947:
946:Find sources:
940:
936:
930:
929:
924:This section
922:
918:
913:
912:
904:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
883:
873:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:psychoanalyst
819:
815:
808:
784:
773:
768:
766:
761:
759:
754:
753:
751:
750:
745:
735:
734:
733:
732:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
698:
697:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
673:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
654:
648:
647:
640:
639:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:Interpersonal
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
570:
569:
558:
557:
553:
548:
547:
543:
538:
537:
533:
528:
527:
523:
518:
517:
513:
508:
507:
503:
498:
497:
493:
488:
487:
483:
477:
476:
469:
464:
463:
459:
454:
453:
449:
448:
441:
440:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
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357:
354:
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349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
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297:
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292:
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284:
282:
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277:
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269:
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261:
260:
252:
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237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
186:Consciousness
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
156:
155:
151:
147:
146:
143:
140:
139:
135:
131:
130:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:3, including
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
66:
62:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3604:Associations
3595:Peter Fonagy
3540:Nathan Azrin
3515:Arthur Janov
3475:Joseph Wolpe
3460:Albert Ellis
3440:George Kelly
3425:Erik Erikson
3385:Karen Horney
3384:
3355:Alfred Adler
3350:Pierre Janet
3340:Josef Breuer
3272:Hypnotherapy
3007:Play therapy
2773:
2768:
2709:
2681:
2667:
2653:
2639:
2615:
2601:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2539:. Retrieved
2537:. 2017-09-13
2534:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:the original
2338:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2259:
2254:
2245:
2231:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2181:
2147:
2139:
2128:. Retrieved
2118:
2107:. Retrieved
2097:
2078:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2025:
2006:. Retrieved
1986:
1982:
1967:. Retrieved
1939:
1935:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1752:
1737:
1722:
1707:
1691:
1686:
1677:
1648:
1641:
1629:
1615:
1606:
1598:
1589:
1586:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1551:
1545:
1541:compensation
1537:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1516:
1513:
1483:
1472:
1460:
1457:
1453:Alfred Adler
1450:
1426:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1258:
1253:manipulative
1239:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1164:
1154:
1140:
1129:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1090:
1083:
1057:
1044:
1036:Karl Abraham
1028:
1012:
997:
988:
978:
971:
964:
957:
945:
933:Please help
928:verification
925:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
879:
870:neo-Adlerian
866:neo-Freudian
863:
846:
844:
817:
783:Karen Horney
782:
781:
554:
546:Anti-Oedipus
544:
534:
524:
514:
504:
494:
484:
475:of Sexuality
471:
460:
450:
335:
316:Freud (Anna)
226:Transference
211:Introjection
201:Ego defenses
181:Preconscious
107:
91:Oskar Horney
69:(1952-12-04)
23:Karen Horney
3667:1952 deaths
3662:1885 births
3525:R. D. Laing
3500:Haim Ginott
3430:Carl Rogers
3395:Fritz Perls
3310:Psychodrama
3235:Biofeedback
3037:Integrative
2982:Art therapy
2961:Logotherapy
2062:17 February
1434:self-esteem
1352:omnipotence
1190:bereavement
1147:personality
1125:Erich Fromm
1060:Erich Fromm
1040:Hanns Sachs
851:Erich Fromm
176:Unconscious
3656:Categories
3485:Aaron Beck
3400:Anna Freud
3295:Co-therapy
3150:Techniques
3080:Counseling
3068:Approaches
2933:Humanistic
2876:behavioral
2690:0300042043
2676:0803744250
2662:0201155737
2648:0300068603
2541:2020-08-23
2349:2010-10-14
2148:Psychology
2130:2010-04-07
2109:2010-04-07
2038:References
2008:2022-10-30
1989:(3): 1â9.
1969:2022-10-30
1845:0300080425
1832:0300075278
1819:046500055X
1806:1199366358
1793:0393006867
1780:0393010120
1762:0393001326
1747:0393001342
1732:0393001334
1717:0393001318
1702:0393001350
1624:See also:
1595:narcissism
1490:humanistic
1464:penis envy
1407:Narcissism
1392:perfection
1368:perfection
1290:Compliance
1097:meningitis
961:newspapers
876:Early life
835:penis envy
625:Relational
236:Resistance
206:Projection
56:Blankenese
48:1885-09-16
3445:Rollo May
3380:Otto Rank
3365:Carl Jung
3095:Self-help
2105:. loc.gov
1964:163467535
1656:self-hate
1652:realistic
1644:real self
1548:self-help
1468:womb envy
1380:resigning
1340:expansive
1338:, or the
991:July 2023
907:Education
845:Those in
818:Danielsen
426:Winnicott
406:Spielrein
386:Laplanche
306:Fairbairn
246:Dreamwork
58:, Germany
3277:Modeling
3267:Homework
3171:Chaining
3109:Research
2951:Focusing
2614:(2017).
2585:27891903
2517:Horney,
2504:Horney,
2393:Horney,
2381:Horney,
2300:Rubins,
1864:See also
1494:cultural
1486:holistic
1388:solitude
1268:autonomy
1231:prestige
1197:parental
1185:neurosis
1143:neurosis
1134:and the
1117:Brooklyn
1077:â
827:Freudian
701:See also
643:Training
620:Reichian
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