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841:. While these works are in a pure contemporary French style (marked by the transition from late Baroque to early classicism), some of the other architects employed by Charles Theodore were proponents of a more Italianate style. This mixture of influences is, in fact, typical of many German courts of the period. Charles Theodore was also responsible for the construction of the
911:"A field of war and death of Romans and Germans has been discovered, through the unearthing of weapons, urns and bones, in the year 1765. – To the arts of peace, which are the sole joys of his life, the elector Charles Theodore has dedicated this spot, excavated to the height of seven feet, and had this monument erected in 1768."
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Although by nature intelligent, he has never succeeded in ruling by himself; he has always been governed by his ministers or by his father-confessor or (for a time) by the lectress . This conduct has increased his natural weakness and apathy to such a degree that for a long time he has had no
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Mannheimer
Altertumsverein von 1859 – Gesellschaft d. Freunde Mannheims u. d. ehemaligen Kurpfalz; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen Mannheim; Stadtarchiv — Institut f. Stadtgeschichte Mannheim (Hrsg.). Mannheimer historische Schriften Bd. 3, Verlag Regionalkultur, 2009,
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that
Charles Theodore had wanted to maintain possession of his new territory, as is shown in his diplomatic correspondence. It is more widely understood that Charles Theodore continued the despotic and expensive habits he had developed as Elector Palatine.
810:. While none of the Mannheim painters are particularly notable today (with the possible exception of Kobell, primarily a master of landscapes), the elector had several highly talented sculptors at his disposal, among them
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referred to him as a "poor idle creature, of purely egoistical, ornamental, dilettante nature; sunk in theatricals, bastard children and the like; much praised by
Voltaire, who sometimes used to visit him; and
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for help that would have made
Bavaria a puppet state of Austria. When he died of a stroke in Munich in 1799, the population in Munich celebrated for several days. He is buried in the crypt of the
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594:" that was located there until construction work for Karlsplatz began, mainly because Charles Theodore, as noted above, never enjoyed the popularity in Bavaria that he enjoyed in the Palatinate.
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opinions save those inspired in him by his entourage. The void which this indolence has left in his soul is filled with the amusements of the hunt and of music and by secret liaisons, for which
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903:, the Roman goddess of wisdom and protectress of the arts, is often depicted as a stand-in for the elector himself. This self-view is best summed up in the inscription of a small monument at
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In keeping with the customs of the time, an
Italian opera company as well as a troupe of French actors were employed at Mannheim, each performing in their respective tongues. Later, the
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and a royal crown, and he never managed to control the mounting social tensions in
Bavaria. After a dispute with Munich's city council, he even moved the electoral residence in 1788 to
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Despite the mutual dislike and distrust between the elector and his
Bavarian subjects, Charles Theodore left a distinctive mark on the city of Munich. It was during his reign that the
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Karoline von
Ezenried (31 August 1771 Münstereifel – 24 September 1828, Schloss Laim bei München, married with Dr. Joseph Reubel, Professor of Medicine, University of München)
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485:, Joseph's niece, but they had no children. A second proposal to exchange Bavaria for the Austrian Netherlands in 1784 also failed as Frederick II of Prussia initiated the
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Charles
Theodore did not immediately take up his new title. He had several mistresses and many illegitimate children. However, those children could inherit neither the
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Charles
Theodore was a great lover of the arts, including drama and especially music. His Mannheim court orchestra was considered one of the finest in its time. The
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nor that of the Palatinate; Charles Theodore needed territory that he could bequeath to his illegitimate children. Charles Theodore also dreamed of resurrecting the
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580:, Munich's largest park, was created, and the city's old fortifications were dismantled to make place for a modern, expanding city. One of Munich's major squares,
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applied for a position with the Mannheim orchestra in 1777, but was turned down, as the court was about to move to Munich. In 1780, Charles Theodore commissioned
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735:'s secretary, accepted his patronage and remained in the Palatinate. Although Charles Theodore certainly wished to acquire more territory, he had only
466:(1779). Charles Theodore accepted the Bavarian succession but agreed that his illegitimate descendants could not inherit Bavaria. Austria acquired the
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The Historians' History of the World: a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by the great writers of all ages.
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Charles Theodore liked to style himself as a prince of peace, in contrast to other princes like his chief political opponent, the great warrior
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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
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In the visual arts, a massive collection of plaster casts taken from celebrated antique works was assembled at Mannheim. The pre-existing
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Karoline Franziska Dorothea, Countess von Parkstein (1762 – 7 September 1816, Ickelheim); married Prince Friedrich Wilhelm zu
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and many aspects of the state, rose to high ministerial rank with Charles Theodore's backing and became Count von Rumford.
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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
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Friederike Karoline von Bretzenheim (9 December 1771 – 2 March 1816), twin with Eleonore; married Count Maximilian von
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from the composer. Mozart quotes him as saying "No music has ever made such an impression on me. It is magnificent."
393:, Charles Theodore founded an academy of science, stocking up the museums' collections and supporting the arts. When
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Charles Theodore was more interested in arts and philosophy than in politics. The British Victorian historian
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in 1742, being eighteen. In his fifties, he became Prince-Elector of Bavaria at the death of another cousin,
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from 1728 onwards. He then succeeded his father as Count Palatine of Sulzbach in 1733 and inherited the
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Karoline Josepha von Bretzenheim (27 January 1768 – 27 April 1786); married Count Maximilian Josef von
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1068:. There was one child of this marriage who died in infancy, Francis Louis Joseph (28 – 29 June 1761).
837:(including numerous pavilions, among them several artificial "Roman" ruins and a "mosque") as well as
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On 3 January 1778, shortly after the death of Max Joseph, Charles Theodore signed an agreement with
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History of Friedrich II of Prussia called Frederick the great : in eight volumes. Vol. VIII
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of Bavaria died in 1777, Charles Theodore became also elector and duke of Bavaria and moved to
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dynasty Charles III Philip had organised a wedding on 17 January 1742 when his granddaughter
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von Bretzenheim, (24 December 1769 – 27 February 1823) married Princess Maria Walburga von
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Cosimo Alessandro Collini (1727–1806). Ein europäischer Aufklärer am kurpfälzischen Hof.
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In the course of his career, Charles Theodore acquired a celebrated secretary when the
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Charles Theodore never became popular as a ruler in Bavaria. according to his critic
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as his aide-de-camp and chamberlain. Over the next 11 years, Thompson reformed the
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Marie-Anne-Henriette-Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne, Margravine of Bergen op Zoom
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From his liaison with the actress Françoise Després-Verneuil, later Countess von
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was married to Charles Theodore and her sister Maria Anna to the Bavarian prince
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Eleonore Karoline von Bretzenheim (9 December 1771 – 23 December 1832); married
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natural sons and so he preferred territory that he could dispose of through his
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1872:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 91.
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When Charles Theodore died, Bavaria and the Palatinate passed to his cousin,
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with the Christ child, bearing orb and sceptre, seated upon clouds before a
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Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
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481:, who died a day after birth. His wife died in 1794. In 1795, he married
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663:." Right profile of Charles Theodor in armour with sash and decoration.
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and the next heir of Bavaria and the Palatinate. They were supported by
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Charles Theodore had only one son, Franz Ludwig Josef, with his wife,
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954:
279:; 11 December 1724 – 16 February 1799) was a German nobleman of the
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1148:(5 July 1737 – 26 January 1809) on 21 November 1787 (divorced 1801)
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1743:[History of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences] (in German).
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J. C. Easton. "Charles Theodore of Bavaria and Count Rumford."
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Charles Theodore's legitimated children and his second mistress
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496:, the younger brother of Charles August, who had died in 1795.
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331:, who later became Count Palatine of Sulzbach. His mother was
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Vol. 12, No. 2 (Jun., 1940), pp. 145–160, pp. 145–146 quoted.
27:
Elector Palatine (1742-1777), Elector of Bavaria (1777-1799)
706:, knew him and described his foibles even more succinctly:
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Friedrich Ferdinand Constantin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
1720:
The Edwin Mellen Press: Lewiston/Lampeter/Queenston: 1989.
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in 1733, at the age of six. With the death of his cousin,
1137:(29 August 1766 – 8 May 1833) on 27 April 1788, Oettingen
443:, the widow of Max Joseph, and Charles Theodore's cousin
1852:
Catalogue of the Paintings in the Old Pinakothek, Munich
1741:"Geschichte der baierischen Akademie der Wissenschaften"
1099:(13 December 1730, Birstein – 12 October 1804, Mannheim)
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CAR TH D G C P R U B D S R I A & EL D I C & M.
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Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne
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Countess Palatine Elizabeth Augusta Sophie of Neuburg
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Karl Theodor and the Bavarian Succession, 1777–1778.
979:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Karl Theodor and the Bavarian Succession, 1777–1778
675:"Patroness of Bavaria 1778." Image of the crowned
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1163:(1741–1835), widow of Count Franz Friedrich von
337:Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne
2814:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
187:Countess Palatine Elisabeth Augusta of Sulzbach
3570:18th-century Prince-electors of the Palatinate
3478:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
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1762:The works of Thomas Carlyle in thirty volumes.
1209:Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
767:) did groundbreaking work that the celebrated
743:, rather than territory encumbered by a legal
542:Charles Theodore is also known for disbanding
374:. To strengthen the union of all lines of the
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1764:London: Chapman and Hall, 1896–1899, p. 193.
1509:Henriette Franziska of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
1159:From his liaison with Countess Maria Anna zu
747:that he could pass only to a legitimate son.
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432:to exchange southern Bavaria for part of the
3660:People of the War of the Bavarian Succession
1293:John Christian, Count of Palatinate-Sulzbach
1235:Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
1056:On 17 January 1742, in Mannheim, he married
191:Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
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1079:. There were no children of this marriage.
845:in Heidelberg, which bears his name as the
717:has at all times had a particular penchant.
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1116:Maria Josefa Seyfert, Countess von Heydeck
227:John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
40:
3154:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
1712:
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1062:Count Palatine Joseph Charles of Sulzbach
1051:
1039:Learn how and when to remove this message
458:The ensuing diplomatic crisis led to the
3056:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
2898:Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
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1355:Eleonore Maria Amalia of Hesse-Rheinfels
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470:, a part of Bavaria in the basin of the
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3565:18th-century prince-electors of Bavaria
2972:Leopold Friedrich GĂĽnther von Goeckingk
2919:Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2884:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
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445:Charles II August, Duke of ZweibrĂĽcken
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455:and most of the German minor states.
237:Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne
3228:Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompteda
2958:Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg
2842:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
2659:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
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1413:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
1184:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
977:adding citations to reliable sources
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499:In 1989, Marvin E. Thomas argued in
372:Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine
314:
3466:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3326:Johan Philip Stadion von Warthausen
1704:Brockhaus Geschichte Second Edition
1477:Francois Egon de La Tour d'Auvergne
821:Charles Theodore's chief architect
704:Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes
99:30 December 1777 – 16 February 1799
70:31 December 1742 – 30 December 1777
24:
18:Karl Theodor of Palatinate-Sulzbach
2702:August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg
1571:Phillipe Charles de Ligne-Arenberg
1387:Maria Anna of Loewenstein-Wertheim
750:
683:, and treading on a crescent moon.
524:but returned only one year later.
389:As reigning prince-elector of the
25:
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1879:
1161:Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen
802:gallery, including many works by
699:, to whom he is a kind master."
439:The plan was strongly opposed by
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1885:
1826:London: The Times, 1908, p. 245.
1739:Lorenz von Westenrieder (1807).
1077:Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
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609:coin of Charles Theodore, 1778.
483:Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
256:
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964:needs additional citations for
883:Entrance to Schwetzingen Castle
494:Max Joseph, Duke of ZweibrĂĽcken
319:Charles Theodore was born into
3645:Hereditary princes of Sulzbach
3284:Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim
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1775:The Journal of Modern History.
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1747:
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1155:(1772 – 19 April 1854) in 1796
1118:(1748 – 1771):
460:War of the Bavarian Succession
449:House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld
13:
1:
3493:Illuminati in popular culture
3112:Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse
2772:Johann Joachim Christoph Bode
1689:
936:Garden at Schwetzingen Castle
873:Mosque at Schwetzingen Castle
702:The French foreign minister,
430:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
3640:Fellows of the Royal Society
3354:François-Charles de Velbrück
3298:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
1597:Maria Anna de Ligne-Arenberg
1126:(20 May 1760 – 1838) in 1784
825:was charged to complete the
812:Peter Anton von Verschaffelt
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7:
3620:Margraves of Bergen op Zoom
3600:18th-century art collectors
3585:Counts Palatine of Sulzbach
3263:Christian Gotthilf Salzmann
3214:Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
3161:Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
2891:Johann Georg Heinrich Feder
2723:Aloys Basselet von La Rosée
1677:
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1165:Sayn-Wittgenstein-Vallendar
633:Count Palatine of the Rhine
441:Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony
370:in 1742, with the death of
305:Count Palatine of the Rhine
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90:Count Palatine of the Rhine
10:
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3615:Counts Palatine of Neuburg
3242:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
3098:Franz Michael Leuchsenring
3084:Christian Gottfried Körner
3021:Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
3000:August Adolph von Hennings
2986:Karl August von Hardenberg
2965:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2863:Christian Wilhelm von Dohm
2316:Electors of the Palatinate
1945:Count Palatine of Sulzbach
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1097:Isenburg-BĂĽdingen-Birstein
731:(1727–1806), who had been
527:In 1785, he appointed the
508:Rule as elector of Bavaria
356:Margrave of Bergen op Zoom
289:Count Palatine of Sulzbach
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3422:Rite of Strict Observance
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3312:Ludwig Timotheus Spittler
3235:Christian Adolph Overbeck
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641:(Upper and Lower) Bavaria
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354:Charles Theodore was the
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34:
3361:Franz Michael Vierthaler
3347:Johann Nepomuk von Triva
3270:Friedrich Schlichtegroll
3168:Maximilian von Montgelas
3070:Johann Friedrich Kleuker
2828:Hieronymus von Colloredo
2737:Rudolph Zacharias Becker
2688:Jacob Friedrich von Abel
1071:On 15 February 1795, in
3382:Lorenz von Westenrieder
3368:Wilderich of Walderdorf
3207:Christian Gottlob Neefe
3140:August Gottlieb MeiĂźner
3007:Johann Gottfried Herder
2979:Johann Casimir Häffelin
2856:Johann Georg von Dillis
2652:Congress of Wilhelmsbad
2573:Order of the Illuminati
1267:Amalie of Nassau-Siegen
771:would later draw upon.
645:Archsteward and Elector
514:Lorenz von Westenrieder
453:Frederick II of Prussia
176:Theatine Church, Munich
48:Anna Dorothea Therbusch
3595:German Roman Catholics
3436:Enlightened absolutism
3277:Johann Georg Schlosser
3249:Karl Leonhard Reinhold
3105:Justus Christian Loder
3063:Martin Gottlieb Klauer
3014:Andreas Joseph Hofmann
2993:Lorenz Leopold Haschka
2870:Karl von Eckartshausen
2800:Joachim Heinrich Campe
2618:Freemasonry in Germany
1114:From his liaison with
1111:
1052:Marriages and children
937:
927:
926:at Schwetzingen Castle
884:
874:
864:
719:
673:PATRONA BAVARIAE 1778.
414:
276:
3655:People from Drogenbos
3590:German art collectors
3340:Gottfried van Swieten
3305:Joseph von Sonnenfels
3049:Karl von Hesse-Kassel
2716:Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
2599:Liberalism in Germany
2512:Maximilian III Joseph
2496:Maximilian II Emanuel
2010:Maximilian III Joseph
1840:Mozart and his operas
1729:Hochedlinger, p. 367.
1109:
1083:Illegitimate children
935:
922:
882:
872:
859:
715:His Electoral Majesty
710:
419:Electorate of Bavaria
412:
395:Maximilian III Joseph
309:Maximilian III Joseph
108:Maximilian III Joseph
3580:House of Wittelsbach
3389:Franz Xaver von Zach
3147:Ludwig August Mellin
2751:Johann Erich Biester
2588:Age of Enlightenment
1955:Maximilian IV Joseph
1907:House of Wittelsbach
1894:at Wikimedia Commons
1820:Henry Smith Williams
1153:Westerholt-Gysenberg
1146:Leiningen-Billigheim
973:improve this article
759:(including composer
518:Austrian Netherlands
434:Austrian Netherlands
425:of the Middle Ages.
360:Electoral Palatinate
325:House of Wittelsbach
285:House of Wittelsbach
217:House of Wittelsbach
145:Austrian Netherlands
118:Maximilian IV Joseph
3175:Johannes von MĂĽller
2821:Philipp von Cobenzl
2807:Christian Cannabich
2779:Johann Michael Böck
2469:Electors of Bavaria
2260:Grand Duchy of Berg
1716:Thomas, Marvin E.,
1135:Oettingen-Spielberg
893:Frederick the Great
847:Karl-Theodor-BrĂĽcke
835:Schwetzingen Palace
833:and the gardens at
761:Christian Cannabich
405:Bavarian succession
362:and the duchies of
321:Palatinate-Sulzbach
3529:Society portal
3091:Karl Heinrich Lang
2417:Charles III Philip
2017:Elector of Bavaria
1965:Charles III Philip
1684:History of Bavaria
1112:
938:
928:
885:
875:
865:
447:, the head of the
415:
335:, a grandniece of
297:Charles III Philip
86:Elector of Bavaria
79:Charles III Philip
3537:
3536:
3443:Weimar Classicism
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3133:Christoph Meiners
3028:Gottlieb Hufeland
2877:Rudolf Eickemeyer
2640:French Revolution
2539:
2538:
2435:
2434:
2427:Maximilian Joseph
2282:
2281:
2250:Maximilian Joseph
2051:
2050:
2045:Batavian Republic
1952:Succeeded by
1890:Media related to
1808:978-3-89735-597-2
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1144:Wilhelm Karl von
1058:Elisabeth Auguste
1049:
1048:
1041:
1023:
942:
941:
899:. Allegorically,
889:
888:
823:Nicolas de Pigage
688:
687:
684:
664:
649:Holy Roman Empire
590:, after the pub "
533:Benjamin Thompson
529:American Loyalist
423:Burgundian Empire
380:Elizabeth Augusta
339:. He was born in
327:. His father was
315:Family and ascent
264:
263:
16:(Redirected from
3667:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:Augustin Barruel
3468:
3461:
3459:Anti-Catholicism
3454:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3333:Maximilian Stoll
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3291:Nikolaus Simrock
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3256:Franz Anton Ries
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3191:
3184:
3182:Friedrich MĂĽnter
3177:
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3142:
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3107:
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3002:
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2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2951:Friedrich Gedike
2946:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
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2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
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2774:
2767:
2765:Johann von Böber
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2695:Franz von Albini
2690:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2635:
2628:
2626:Anti-clericalism
2621:
2609:
2602:
2590:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2520:Charles Theodore
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2422:Charles Theodore
2309:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2245:Charles Theodore
2225:Wolfgang William
2084:Monarchs of Berg
2077:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2026:Preceded by
2007:Preceded by
1972:Elector Palatine
1962:Preceded by
1935:Preceded by
1923:
1922:16 February 1799
1916:
1915:12 December 1724
1898:
1897:
1889:
1874:
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1736:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1064:and his consort
1044:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1022:
981:
957:
949:
915:
914:
852:
851:
671:
627:
618:
602:
601:
546:'s order of the
464:Peace of Teschen
413:Charles Theodore
347:and educated in
329:Johann Christian
293:Johann Christian
291:from his father
274:
267:Charles Theodore
260:
157:
154:16 February 1799
138:11 December 1724
137:
135:
57:Elector Palatine
44:
35:Charles Theodore
32:
31:
21:
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3605:Dukes of JĂĽlich
3575:Imperial vicars
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3451:Sturm und Drang
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3119:Jakob Mauvillon
3117:
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3089:
3082:
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3019:
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2949:
2944:Christian Garve
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2605:
2593:
2586:
2575:
2570:
2540:
2535:
2488:Ferdinand Maria
2471:
2466:
2436:
2431:
2397:Charles I Louis
2318:
2313:
2283:
2278:
2254:
2235:John William II
2175:
2086:
2081:
2039:
2031:
2029:Marie Henriette
2020:
2012:
2001:
1990:
1975:
1967:
1957:
1948:
1940:
1929:German nobility
1917:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1882:
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1102:son (1764–1765)
1085:
1054:
1045:
1034:
1028:
1025:
982:
980:
970:
958:
947:
861:Schloss Benrath
827:Mannheim Palace
808:Alte Pinakothek
786:Nationaltheater
757:Mannheim School
753:
751:Cultural legacy
670:
626:
600:
569:Theatinerkirche
561:Duchy of JĂĽlich
510:
407:
317:
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189:
178:
161:Munich Residenz
159:
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88:
59:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3496:
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3455:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3415:Owl of Minerva
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3375:Adam Weishaupt
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3221:Franz OberthĂĽr
3217:
3210:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2786:Ignaz von Born
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2758:Aloys Blumauer
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2610:
2603:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:Maximillian IV
2525:
2517:
2509:
2504:Charles Albert
2501:
2493:
2485:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Philip William
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
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2329:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Charles Philip
2237:
2232:
2230:Philip William
2227:
2222:
2220:John William I
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2092:County of Berg
2088:
2087:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1983:Duke of JĂĽlich
1978:
1977:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1941:
1938:John Christian
1936:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1881:
1880:External links
1878:
1876:
1875:
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1812:
1779:
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1754:Thomas Carlyle
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1084:
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1060:, daughter of
1053:
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1046:
961:
959:
952:
946:
943:
940:
939:
929:
887:
886:
876:
866:
839:Benrath palace
831:Schlosstheater
769:Wiener Klassik
765:Johann Stamitz
763:and conductor
752:
749:
721:
720:
692:Thomas Carlyle
686:
685:
665:
620:
619:
611:
610:
599:
596:
577:English Garden
544:Adam Weishaupt
509:
506:
406:
403:
323:branch of the
316:
313:
301:Prince-elector
283:branch of the
262:
261:
254:
250:
249:
244:
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158:(aged 74)
152:
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111:
110:
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100:
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3610:Dukes of Berg
3608:
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3550:House of Berg
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3419:
3416:
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3409:
3405:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
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3334:
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3257:
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3211:
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3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
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3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:Adolph Knigge
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
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3018:
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2878:
2874:
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2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:Anton Dereser
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:Ignaz Cornova
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:Karl Böttiger
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:August Batsch
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:Jens Baggesen
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
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2500:
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2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:Frederick III
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
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2360:
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2355:
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2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:Duchy of Berg
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
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2102:
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2078:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1842:, 2006, p.48.
1841:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1797:Jörg Kreutz:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1726:
1719:
1713:
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1598:
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1471:
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1362:
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1213:
1210:
1204:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:(1702–1769):
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1119:
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1108:
1101:
1098:
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1093:
1092:
1090:
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1078:
1074:
1069:
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1059:
1043:
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1032:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990: –
989:
985:
984:Find sources:
978:
974:
968:
967:
962:This article
960:
956:
951:
950:
934:
930:
925:
921:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
906:
902:
898:
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881:
877:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
853:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:, design the
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
791:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
718:
716:
709:
708:
707:
705:
700:
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693:
682:
678:
674:
669:
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662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
621:
617:
612:
608:
603:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
578:
572:
570:
566:
562:
559:occupied the
558:
555:In 1794, the
553:
551:
550:
545:
540:
538:
537:Bavarian Army
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
505:
502:
497:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
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411:
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306:
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268:
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102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3630:Anti-Masonry
3513:
3486:John Robison
3476:
3449:
3035:Isaak Iselin
2658:
2530:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2480:Maximilian I
2421:
2412:John William
2387:Frederick IV
2367:Frederick II
2244:
2136:Engelbert II
2043:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1981:
1970:
1943:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1892:Karl Theodor
1869:
1864:
1858:
1847:
1839:
1836:David Cairns
1831:
1823:
1815:
1798:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1734:
1725:
1717:
1697:
1412:
1158:
1113:
1091:(d. 1765):
1086:
1070:
1055:
1035:
1029:January 2017
1026:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
983:
971:Please help
966:verification
963:
923:
910:
909:
905:Schwetzingen
890:
863:, DĂĽsseldorf
846:
820:
797:
793:"Die Räuber"
785:
783:
776:
754:
737:illegitimate
722:
714:
711:
701:
689:
672:
667:
628:
623:
592:Beim Stachus
591:
587:
581:
575:
573:
554:
547:
541:
526:
511:
500:
498:
491:
476:
457:
438:
427:
416:
388:
353:
318:
299:, he became
287:. He became
277:Karl Theodor
266:
265:
202:
156:(1799-02-16)
143:, Brussels,
29:
3560:1799 deaths
3555:1724 births
3429:Josephinism
2905:Junius Frey
2614:Freemasonry
2607:Rationalism
2531:(1799–1805)
2523:(1777–1799)
2515:(1745–1777)
2507:(1726–1745)
2499:(1679–1726)
2491:(1651–1679)
2483:(1623–1651)
2392:Frederick V
2352:Frederick I
2262:(1806–1813)
2215:William III
2183:(1380–1806)
2126:Engelbert I
2094:(1071–1380)
1795:(in German)
1793:, found in
1788:(in German)
1702:(in German)
1131:ReichsfĂĽrst
816:Frankenthal
571:in Munich.
487:FĂĽrstenbund
376:Wittelsbach
311:, in 1777.
247:Catholicism
204:(see below)
104:Predecessor
75:Predecessor
46:Painted by
3544:Categories
2644:Jacobinism
2633:Secularism
2595:Liberalism
2402:Charles II
2372:Otto Henry
2337:Rupert III
2205:William IV
2190:William II
2171:William II
2166:Gerhard VI
2151:Adolf VIII
1690:References
999:newspapers
843:Old Bridge
800:DĂĽsseldorf
795:in 1782).
790:Schiller's
745:entailment
725:Florentine
651:, Duke of
583:Karlsplatz
565:Francis II
549:Illuminati
468:Innviertel
391:Palatinate
134:1724-12-11
3126:Beda Mayr
2342:Louis III
2332:Rupert II
2269:Joachim I
2200:Gerhard I
2156:William I
2146:Adolf VII
2111:Adolf III
1124:Holnstein
1089:Parkstein
1073:Innsbruck
924:Orangerie
741:testament
598:Character
552:in 1785.
472:Inn River
341:Drogenbos
272:‹See Tfd›
253:Signature
141:Drogenbos
114:Successor
3515:Category
3407:See also
2382:Louis VI
2347:Louis IV
2327:Rupert I
2210:John III
2161:Adolf IX
2131:Adolf VI
2116:Adolf IV
2106:Adolf II
2040:1742–95
2021:1777–99
2002:1742–99
1991:1742–99
1976:1742–99
1949:1733–99
1678:See also
1176:Ancestry
778:Idomeneo
733:Voltaire
681:sunburst
639:of both
522:Mannheim
349:Mannheim
345:Brussels
281:Sulzbach
275:German:
243:Religion
2669:Members
2580:History
2362:Louis V
2274:Louis I
2141:Henry I
2121:Adolf V
2101:Adolf I
1791:Collini
1013:scholar
901:Minerva
897:Prussia
727:noble,
697:Collini
668:Reverse
647:of the
624:Obverse
605:Silver
588:Stachus
384:Clement
165:Bavaria
50:in 1763
3507:
2357:Philip
1918:
1806:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
945:Family
804:Rubens
773:Mozart
677:Virgin
657:Cleves
653:JĂĽlich
607:thaler
531:exile
399:Munich
364:JĂĽlich
233:Mother
223:Father
183:Spouse
171:Burial
2195:Adolf
1920:Died:
1913:Born:
1868:[
1142:Count
1020:JSTOR
1006:books
343:near
212:House
198:Issue
96:Reign
67:Reign
1987:Berg
1985:and
1804:ISBN
1786:See
1627:15.
1569:14.
1507:13.
1449:12.
1385:11.
1327:10.
992:news
661:Berg
659:and
637:Duke
368:Berg
366:and
303:and
151:Died
128:Born
3475:'s
3199:N—Z
2936:G—M
2680:A—F
1760:in
1595:7.
1533:3.
1475:6.
1411:1.
1353:5.
1291:2.
1265:9.
1233:4.
1207:8.
975:by
895:of
3546::
1838:,
1822:.
1756:.
1709:^
907::
849:.
818:.
655:,
643:,
635:,
489:.
474:.
436:.
401:.
386:.
351:.
163:,
2646:)
2642:(
2620:)
2616:(
2601:)
2597:(
2565:e
2558:t
2551:v
2461:e
2454:t
2447:v
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2076:e
2069:t
2062:v
1810:.
1042:)
1036:(
1031:)
1027:(
1017:·
1010:·
1003:·
996:·
969:.
269:(
136:)
132:(
20:)
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