528:
493:
518:, and legs are grey. It has orange feathers on the undersides of its wings. The feathers on the sides of its face are dark olive-brown, the ones on its back and rump are orange-red, and some of the outer wing feathers are dull blue. It has a short, broad, bluish-green tail with a black tip. Feather shafts project at the tip of the tail and the undersides of the inner tail feathers have yellow-orange transverse stripes. The male is about 5% longer than the female, and the male's upper beak is 12–14% longer than the female's. Juveniles generally resemble adults, but have yellow eyerings and cere, an orange-yellow lower beak, and grey-yellow legs.
45:
654:
235:
719:
769:
114:
4822:
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In August 1992, however, its nocturnal assaults were captured on video, proving that at least some kea will attack and feed on healthy sheep. The video confirmed what many scientists had long suspected: that the kea uses its powerful, curved beak and claws to rip through the layer of wool and eat the fat from the back of the animal. Though the bird does not directly kill the sheep, death can result from infections or accidents suffered by animals when trying to escape.
4846:
680:. Nest sites are usually positioned on the ground underneath large beech trees, in rock crevices, or dug burrows between roots. They are accessed by tunnels leading back 1 to 6 metres (3.3 to 19.7 ft) into a larger chamber, which is furnished with lichens, moss, ferns, and rotting wood. The laying period starts in July and reaches into January. Two to five white eggs are laid, with an incubation time of around 21 days, and a brooding period of 94 days.
72:
476:
777:
4834:
630:, indicating that they ranged through lowland forest over much of the North Island until the arrival of Polynesian settlers about 750 years ago. Kea subfossils are not restricted to alpine areas, being commonly found in lowland or coastal sites in the South Island. The current distribution of kea reflects the effects of mammalian predators, including humans, which have driven them out of lowland forests into the mountains.
578:
3932:
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458:
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The total kea population was estimated at between 1,000 and 5,000 individuals in 1986, contrasting with another estimate of 15,000 birds in 1992. The kea's widespread distribution at low density across inaccessible areas prevents accurate estimates. Estimates published in 2017 suggest a population of
933:
for diagnostic pathology between 1991 and 1997 found 9 bodies to have lead blood levels consistent with causing death. Research conducted by
Victoria University in 2008 confirmed that the natural curiosity of kea which has enabled the species to adapt to its extreme environment, may increase its
903:
Together with local councils and runholders, the New
Zealand government paid a bounty for kea bills because the bird preyed upon livestock, mainly sheep. It was intended that hunters would kill kea only on the farms and council areas that paid the bounty, but some hunted them in national parks and in
744:
Despite substantial anecdotal evidence of sheep attacks, others remained unconvinced, especially in later years. For instance, in 1962, animal specialist J.R. Jackson concluded, while the bird may attack sick or injured sheep, especially if it mistook them for dead, it was not a significant predator.
796:
People commonly encounter wild kea at South Island ski areas, where they are attracted by the prospect of food scraps. Their curiosity leads them to peck and carry away unguarded items of clothing, or to pry apart rubber parts of cars – to the entertainment and annoyance of human observers. They are
687:
lifespan of a wild subadult kea has been estimated at five years, based on the proportion of kea seen again in successive seasons in Arthur's Pass, and allowing for some emigration to surrounding areas. Around 10% of the local kea population were expected to be over 20 years of age. The oldest known
726:
The controversy about whether the kea preys on sheep is long-running. Sheep suffering from unusual wounds on their sides or loins were noticed by the mid-1860s, within a decade of sheep farmers moving into the high country. Although some supposed the cause was a new disease, suspicion soon fell on
792:
Called "the clown of the mountains", it will investigate backpacks, boots, skis, snowboards, and even cars, often causing damage or flying off with smaller items. Kea have been kept as pets before being protected, but rarely, since they were difficult to capture and destructive when in captivity.
1016:
project called the "Kea
Database" was launched in 2017 that allows for the recording of kea observations to an online database. If the recorded kea are banded, it is possible to match observations with individual named birds, enabling the monitoring of the habits and behaviour of individual kea.
748:
Since kea are now a protected species, their depredations are generally tolerated by sheep farmers, though why some kea attack sheep, and others do not, remains unclear. Various theories, including similarities with existing food sources, curiosity, entertainment, hunger, maggots as well as a
1009:. Kea have been regularly observed on the roadway, moving amongst vehicles waiting to pass through the one-way tunnel. People feeding the birds was one cause of the problem. In 2017, a gym for kea was built near the Homer tunnel entrance, in an attempt to lure the birds away from the road.
505:
The kea is a large parrot measuring 46 to 50 cm (18 to 20 in) in total length, with some specimens possibly reaching 55 cm (22 in). Adult kea weigh between 750 and 1,000 g (1.65 and 2.20 lb), with males averaging 956 g (2.108 lb) and females averaging
700:), and mammals (including sheep, rabbits and mice). It has been observed breaking open shearwater nests to feed on the chicks after hearing the chicks in their nests. It enjoys the flesh and bone marrow from carcasses. The kea has also taken advantage of human garbage and "gifts" of food.
784:
Kea, which are social, have been found to be have a level of high cognitive ability, with the capacity to solve complex tasks. This curiosity and urge to explore and investigate makes this bird both a pest for residents and an attraction for tourists. In 2017 the kea was voted
973:
In the 1970s, the kea received partial protection after a census counted only 5,000 birds. The government agreed to investigate any reports of problem birds and have them removed from the land. In 1986 it was given absolute protection under the
546:
727:
the kea. James MacDonald, head shepherd at Wanaka
Station, witnessed a kea attacking a sheep in 1868, and similar accounts were widespread. Prominent members of the scientific community accepted that kea attacked sheep, with
1004:
to install signs to help raise awareness, and to encourage people to slow down if necessary. In
Fiordland National Park, there have been concerns that kea are particularly at risk from road traffic at the entrance to the
368:. Eight years earlier, some elderly Māori had told Mantell about the bird, and how it used to visit the coast in winter but had not been seen in recent times. Mantell subsequently investigated and obtained the birds.
506:
779 g (1.717 lb). One source listed the mean adult weight as 922 g (2.033 lb) It has mostly olive-green plumage with a grey beak having a long, narrow, curved upper beak. The adult has dark-brown
1495:
De Kloet, Rolf S.; De Kloet, Siwo R. (September 2005). "The evolution of the spindlin gene in birds: sequence analysis of an intron of the spindlin W and Z gene reveals four major divisions of the
Psittaciformes".
676:) forests, located on steep mountainsides. Breeding at heights of 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) above sea level and higher, it is one of the few parrot species in the world to regularly spend time above the
1531:
Schweizer, M.; Seehausen O; Güntert M; Hertwig ST (2009). "The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations".
741:
noted that attacks were most frequent during winter and snow-bound sheep with two years growth in their fleece were the most vulnerable, while newly-shorn sheep in warm weather were rarely molested.
811:
The birds' naturally trusting behaviour around humans has also been indicated as a contributing factor in a number of recent incidents at popular tourist spots where kea have been purposely killed.
915:
showed a substantial decline in the population between 1999 and 2009, caused primarily by predation of kea eggs and chicks. Video cameras set up to monitor kea nests in South
Westland showed that
706:
has been observed in this species, wherein a bird named Bruce, who has a broken upper beak, wedged pebbles between his tongue and lower mandible and then utilized this arrangement to aid with his
544:
545:
325:. It was once killed for bounty due to concern by sheep-farmers that it attacked livestock, especially sheep. The kea is now uncommon, and received absolute protection under the
3269:
808:
also suggested that the time savings resulting from a more calorie-rich diet will give kea more free time to investigate and hence damage things at campsites and car parks.
2586:
1402:
Wright, T.F.; Schirtzinger E. E.; Matsumoto T.; Eberhard J. R.; Graves G. R.; Sanchez J. J.; Capelli S.; Muller H.; Scharpegge J.; Chambers G. K.; Fleischer R. C. (2008).
929:
found that of 38 live kea tested all were found to have detectable blood lead levels, 26 considered dangerously high. Additional analysis of 15 dead kea sent to
2785:
753:
evidence also suggests only particular birds have learned the behaviour, with identification and removal of those individuals being sufficient to control the problem.
934:
propensity to poisoning through ingestion of lead – i.e. the more investigative behaviours identified in a bird, the higher its blood lead levels were likely to be.
2998:
Diamond, J., Bond, A. (1999) Kea. Bird of paradox. The evolution and behavior of a New
Zealand Parrot. Berkeley; Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. (
1649:, version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
3479:
317:. About 48 cm (19 in) long, it is mostly olive-green, with brilliant orange under its wings and has a large, narrow, curved, grey-brown upper beak. Its
925:, mostly from the roofs of buildings/building materials, is also a significant cause of premature deaths among kea. Research on lead toxicity in kea living at
425:). All four are thought to stem from a "proto-kākā", dwelling in the forests of New Zealand five million years ago. Their closest relative is the flightless
1243:
2008:
2499:
3062:
2857:"Lead exposure in free-ranging Kea (Nestor Notabilis), Takahe (Porphyrio Hochstetteri) and Australasian Harriers (Circus Approximans) in New Zealand"
2830:
650:
Kea are social and live in groups of up to 13 birds. Isolated individuals do badly in captivity, but respond well to seeing themselves in a mirror.
5026:
3540:
953:
and has also been implicated in kea deaths. For example, seven kea were found dead following an aerial possum control operation using 1080, at
5065:
2291:
2249:. Wellington: Samuel Costall, Government Printer (published 1895). pp. 81–90 – via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection (NZETC).
2053:
668:
In one study, nest sites occur at a density of one per 4.4 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi). The breeding areas are most commonly in
3110:
1764:
1941:
849:(1993), recounting respectively the first encounters of a group of kea with humans at the time of the colonisation of the South Island by
1843:
1805:
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1896:
756:
There are also anecdotal reports of kea attacking rabbits, dogs, and even horses. There are also suggestions that kea used to feed on
5191:
3392:
3266:
908:, where they were officially protected. More than 150,000 were killed in the hundred years before 1970, when the bounty was lifted.
5000:
2826:
2121:
986:
805:
1167:
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Apart from occasional vagrants, kea today are not found in the North Island. Subfossil kea bones have been found in sand dunes at
5039:
3296:
1030:
1020:
Some are calling for kea to be reintroduced into predator-free zones on the North Island. A former curator of
Natural History at
2590:
961:. Traps are also considered a risk to kea. In September 2011, hidden cameras caught kea breaking into baited stoat traps in the
3349:
3236:
3087:
916:
2789:
2190:
5211:
3056:
2969:
2569:
1620:
871:
5044:
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2081:
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resident killed 33 kea in the glacier car park and in 2008, two kea were shot in Arthur's Pass and stapled to a sign.
797:
often described as "cheeky". A kea has even been reported to have made off with the passport of a tourist who was visiting
696:
An omnivore, the kea feeds on more than 40 plant species, beetle larvae, grasshoppers, land snails, other birds (including
3290:
2912:
1303:
3284:
957:
in July 2008 and a further seven had been found dead in August 2011, following a 1080 aerial possum control operation in
827:
2884:
2541:
1404:"A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous"
853:, and their life in present-day, human-dominated New Zealand. Sentient Kea also features as prominent characters in the
344:
to get to food, and will work together to achieve a certain objective. They have been filmed preparing and using tools.
5206:
3533:
749:
progression from scavenging dead sheep and hides have all been put forward as to how the behaviour was first acquired.
5155:
3079:
2474:
5221:
3003:
2034:
1686:
1479:
1365:
1268:
598:
275:
5216:
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4692:
4415:
2716:
384:
76:
2940:
4643:
4638:
4633:
2917:
2889:
1240:
647:, with one male attached to multiple females. The same source also noted that there was a surplus of females.
3526:
2856:
2757:
1993:
1474:
Juniper, T., Parr, M. (1998) Parrots: A guide to parrots of the world. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press (
1042:
1456:
Grant-Mackie, E.J.; J.A. Grant-Mackie; W.M. Boon; G.K. Chambers (2003). "Evolution of New Zealand Parrots".
4927:
3043:
2815:
2269:"Notes on the Natural History of the Kea, with Special Reference to its Reputed Sheep-killing Propensities"
2244:
786:
341:
5201:
4953:
4948:
3016:
492:
3398:(extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct; ₴ indicates evidence only from sub-fossils)
2236:
1765:"First North Island fossil record of kea, and morphological and morphometric comparison of kea and kaka"
4900:
4800:
4763:
3837:
3342:
1678:
1093:
912:
815:
340:, both vital to their survival in a harsh mountain environment. Kea can solve logical puzzles, such as
5090:
4604:
1184:
1021:
938:
585:
The kea ranges from lowland river valleys and coastal forests of the South Island's west coast up to
3278:
2524:
4722:
4616:
4183:
4171:
2691:
2406:"From the lab to the wild: how can captive studies aid the conservation of kea (Nestor notabilis)?"
2268:
2142:
Gajdon, G.K.; Fijn, N.; Huber, L. (2006). "Limited spread of innovation in a wild parrot, the kea (
1215:
113:
2477:. University of Vienna – Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cognitive Biology. Archived from
2060:
5196:
4236:
4224:
3972:
950:
798:
387:
representation of their in-flight call – 'keee aaa'. The word "kea" is both singular and plural.
5129:
1779:
867:
5031:
4935:
4862:
4496:
4147:
3878:
1956:
1045:
658:
571:
5057:
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4142:
4137:
4025:
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1851:
1813:
44:
5124:
4775:
4599:
4594:
4484:
4328:
4200:
4159:
3801:
3335:
3327:
3260:
3204:
2306:
2240:
2216:
2212:
1915:
1674:
1145:"A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)"
728:
623:
208:
5116:
2511:
1285:
5150:
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4940:
4909:
4425:
4110:
3738:
3637:
3565:
3549:
3507:
3502:
234:
20:
1636:. Results of kea research on the St. Arnaud Range. DOC Science Internal Series, 181, 1–17.
8:
4914:
4555:
4543:
4008:
3996:
3960:
3661:
2762:
2118:
2105:
1380:
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1001:
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and protected by law, kea are still deliberately shot. For example, in the late 1990s, a
958:
926:
703:
353:
61:
1144:
4961:
4850:
4702:
4697:
4518:
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4459:
4074:
3948:
3890:
3755:
3750:
3709:
3649:
3364:
2339:
2171:
2132:, Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Updated 20 November 2009. Accessed 22 January 2010.
1667:
1556:
1428:
1403:
980:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
332:
The kea nests in burrows or crevices among the roots of trees. Kea are known for their
321:
diet consists mainly of roots, leaves, berries, nectar, and insects, but also includes
175:
108:
3931:
683:
Mortality is high among young kea, with less than 40% surviving their first year. The
653:
5111:
4746:
4717:
4707:
4680:
4653:
4567:
4311:
4272:
4030:
3772:
3760:
3726:
3697:
3685:
3625:
3577:
3446:
3441:
3052:
2999:
2974:
2945:
2863:
2712:
2425:
2386:
2163:
2030:
1682:
1616:
1548:
1513:
1475:
1433:
1361:
1264:
975:
930:
905:
418:
410:
333:
326:
2666:
1330:
982:
meaning international export/import (including parts and derivatives) is regulated.
380:
288:
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3613:
3484:
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1715:
1560:
1540:
1505:
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1423:
1415:
1159:
1088:
962:
854:
733:
594:
303:
255:
5168:
2730:
2175:
1703:
1634:
Effect of hunting and predation on kea, and a method of monitoring kea populations
1401:
768:
552:
5098:
4675:
4648:
4289:
4212:
3789:
3273:
3215:
2735:
2605:
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2125:
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942:
859:
611:
5142:
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1509:
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718:
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4357:
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4047:
3813:
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2405:
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922:
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507:
434:
361:
185:
4020:
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426:
5185:
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4381:
2500:
Kea steals GoPro from hut on Kepler Track, ends up making stunning short film
2429:
2390:
1079:
1035:
1025:
990:
895:, kea are one of many species of animals that will steal the player's items.
838:
482:
81:
2366:
1601:
Catalogue of the Birds of New Zealand with Diagnoses of the Species (Vol. 4)
1419:
5080:
4821:
4814:
4658:
4501:
4369:
4248:
4122:
3984:
3849:
3673:
2478:
2232:
2167:
1552:
1517:
1437:
1118:
1006:
738:
590:
527:
437:
310:
789:
in a campaign to raise awareness about the country's endangered wildlife.
5103:
5013:
4894:
4464:
4299:
4086:
1108:
994:
954:
879:
601:. It is closely associated throughout its range with the southern beech (
441:
314:
306:
5163:
5005:
4712:
4260:
4188:
3601:
3518:
3412:
1530:
697:
644:
603:
357:
224:
1719:
5018:
4398:
4127:
4098:
3825:
3436:
3160:
2816:"Kea (Nestor notabilis) Captive Management Plan and Husbandry Manual"
2546:
883:
831:
750:
677:
615:
475:
398:
337:
125:
53:
4856:
3784:
3721:
3302:
1645:
Collar, N., E. de Juana, P. F. D. Boesman, and C. J. Sharpe (2020).
776:
4879:
4833:
4621:
3873:
2452:
1034:
magazine in the October 2018 issue that the birds would do well on
707:
568:
515:
365:
318:
145:
4992:
4979:
3914:
3394:
731:
citing this as an example of behavioural change in his 1889 book
662:
627:
619:
577:
372:
322:
3111:"Roadcone-moving kea get gym to distract them away from traffic"
4922:
3861:
3589:
684:
299:
165:
135:
3357:
2191:"Bruce the Parrot Uses Tools to Survive Despite a Broken Beak"
264:
5137:
4974:
3383:
3228:
2051:
1747:
979:
946:
391:
98:
92:
2404:
Bastos, Amalia PM; Nelson, Ximena J; Taylor, Alex H (2022).
2082:"Population Estimates of kea in Arthur's Pass National Park"
1657:
1655:
4579:
4042:
1899:
Observations on population, movements and food of the kea,
1748:
Robertson, CJR; Hyvonen, P; Fraser, M; Pickard, CR (2007).
1289:
1062:
511:
464:
267:
155:
2648:
2119:
Birds of open country – kea digging out a shearwater chick
309:
that is endemic to the forested and alpine regions of the
4589:
3135:
2346:. No. 24. Auckland (published October–December 1994)
1652:
985:
Despite being classified as Nationally Endangered in the
757:
27:
1752:. Wellington: The Ornithological Society of New Zealand.
1113:
1111:
722:
Sheep, suspected to have been killed by kea in July 1907
498:
Orange feathers can be seen under the wing during flight
3314:
Video clip of kea moving road cones at the Homer Tunnel
3041:
2970:"Kea 'gangs' breaking into Doc predator control traps"
1068:
457:
4798:
2581:
2579:
2536:
2534:
830:
between 1967 and 1992, when it was replaced with the
276:
261:
3042:
Hitchmough, Rod; Bull, Leigh; Cromarty, Pam (2007).
2502:, Stuff, 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
3045:
New Zealand Threat Classification System lists 2005
2877:
2722:
2514:, ABC News, 30 May 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
2052:Akers, Kate & Orr-Walker, Tamsin (April 2009).
1615:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
814:Kea were eaten by Māori. They were believed by the
643:At least one observer has reported that the kea is
467:, an orange-yellow lower beak, and grey-yellow legs
258:
2905:
2576:
2531:
2403:
2367:"Technical intelligence in animals: the kea model"
2365:Huber, Ludwig; Gajdon, Gyula K. (1 October 2006).
2075:
2073:
1666:
1387:. Updated 1 March 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
1360:(5th ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883.
1216:"Notes on the Flesh-eating Propensity of the Kea (
1094:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22684831A119243358.en
379:, means "noteworthy". The common name kea is from
2024:
1701:
440:, an ancient group that split off from all other
5183:
3161:"Kea|Nestor Notabilis|Kea Conservation Trust NZ"
2728:
2696:Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand
2589:. Kea Conservation Trust website. Archived from
2273:Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand
1732:
1702:Bond, A. B.; Wilson, K. J.; Diamond, J. (1991).
1494:
1224:Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand
521:
2913:"DOC reviews 1080 use after endangered kea die"
2823:Threatened Species Occasional Publication No. 9
2813:
2141:
2070:
1704:"Sexual Dimorphism in the Kea Nestor notabilis"
1451:
1449:
1447:
1343:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
978:. Kea are also listed under Appendix II of the
837:Kea are the protagonists in New Zealand author
2967:
2854:
2493:
2241:Reeves, William Pember (Minister of Education)
1873:Jackson, J. R. (1962). "The life of the Kea".
1762:
1726:
965:. More than 75% of the traps had been sprung.
3534:
3343:
2631:"History of Banknotes (check series 4 and 5)"
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
1942:"Note on the lasting responsiveness of a kea
1669:Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide
1339:) from the collection of Walter Mantell, Esq"
342:pushing and pulling things in a certain order
2994:
2992:
2809:
2807:
2570:"Dead kea dumped at Arthur's Pass were shot"
1577:. 1900 (Vol. 5). Bibliographisches Institut.
1444:
1304:"Sticky beak is New Zealand's tooled-up kea"
1301:
1000:Kea deaths due to traffic have prompted the
826:The kea featured on the reverse side of the
360:in 1856, from two specimens shown to him by
4784:
4767:
4755:
4738:
4726:
4684:
4662:
4625:
4608:
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4547:
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4451:
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4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4175:
4163:
4151:
4114:
4102:
4090:
4078:
4051:
4034:
4012:
4000:
3988:
3976:
3964:
3952:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3776:
3764:
3742:
3730:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3641:
3629:
3617:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
2814:McLelland, J.M.; et al. (April 1996).
2572:. Department of Conservation media release.
2364:
2079:
1972:
1939:
1735:The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand
1142:
763:
562:
3541:
3527:
3350:
3336:
3299:, Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
3051:. Wellington: Department of Conservation.
2961:
2933:
2731:"Possums take toll on kea at Nelson Lakes"
2684:
2505:
2448:"Kea named New Zealand's Bird of the Year"
2324:
2253:
2025:Falla, RA; Sibson, RB; Turbot, EG (1966),
1890:
1888:
1490:
1488:
1355:
233:
70:
43:
2989:
2804:
2027:A Field guide to the birds of New Zealand
1966:
1750:Atlas of bird distribution in New Zealand
1733:Heather, Barrie; Robertson, Hugh (2015).
1586:Robertson, H., & Heather, B. (2001).
1524:
1427:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1092:
3548:
3184:
2788:. Kea Conservation Trust. Archived from
2701:
2266:
2130:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2059:. Kea Conservation Trust. Archived from
1803:
1385:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1209:
1207:
1205:
987:New Zealand Threat Classification System
775:
767:
717:
652:
576:
3466:
3197:
2603:
2512:Cheeky parrot steals tourist's passport
2445:
2289:
2221:. London: Macmillan and Co. p. 75.
2211:
1991:
1885:
1872:
1661:
1485:
1302:O'Connor, Sarah-Jane (24 August 2014).
1136:
5184:
3263:Parrot Encyclopedia – Species Profiles
3237:New Zealand Department of Conservation
3185:Anderson, R (1986). "Keas for keeps".
3108:
3088:New Zealand Department of Conservation
2941:"Seven keas dead in wake of 1080 work"
2885:"Curiosity kills the kea, study shows"
2467:
2410:Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
2337:
2101:
2099:
2047:
2045:
1588:Hand Guide to the Birds of New Zealand
1390:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1213:
821:
688:captive kea was 50 years old in 2008.
347:
4861:
4860:
3522:
3420:
3331:
2729:Bloomberg, Simon (21 February 2009).
2698:, 40, 534–537 and Plates XXXII-XXXIV.
2446:Coleman, Alistair (24 October 2017).
2441:
2439:
2231:
2182:
2018:
1894:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1804:Nicholls, Jenny (15 September 2018).
1763:Holdaway, R.N.; Worthy, T.H. (1993).
1533:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1468:
1328:
1202:
1041:Kea conservation is supported by the
287:
5091:04bcf46e-d8c0-4af3-a121-dd777d11f96b
3382:
3080:"Drivers urged to slow down for kea"
3068:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2968:Ibbotson, Lucy (20 September 2011).
2758:"Nest cameras catch attacks on keas"
2014:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1173:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2836:from the original on 9 October 2022
2096:
2042:
1632:Elliot, G., & Kemp, J. (2004).
1606:
1274:
1261:Field Guide To New Zealand Wildlife
1080:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1052:between 3000 and 7000 individuals.
691:
463:Juveniles have yellow eyerings and
13:
2436:
1828:
1797:
1048:, founded in 2006 to protect kea.
818:tribe to be kaitiaki (guardians).
433:). Together, they form the parrot
371:The kea's Latin binomial specific
14:
5233:
3281:at the Department of Conservation
3254:
2711:. Auckland: Hodder Moa Beckett. (
2606:"Ngā manu – birds – Bird's names"
2542:"Arthurs Pass neighbours at odds"
2188:
1841:
1613:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
1143:Joseph, Leo; et al. (2012).
599:Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park
5192:IUCN Red List endangered species
4844:
4832:
4820:
4808:
4693:North Island little spotted kiwi
3930:
1955:. pp. 92–94. Archived from
542:
526:
491:
474:
456:
254:
112:
3221:
3178:
3153:
3128:
3109:Nicoll, Dave (9 January 2018).
3102:
3072:
3035:
3009:
2848:
2778:
2750:
2659:
2641:
2623:
2610:The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2597:
2562:
2517:
2475:"Clever clown of the mountains"
2397:
2358:
2283:
2225:
2205:
2135:
2111:
1985:
1933:
1866:
1756:
1741:
1695:
1639:
1626:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1374:
1349:
1322:
1259:Lindsey, T., Morris, R. (2000)
1069:BirdLife International (2017).
968:
607:) forests in the alpine ridge.
553:Listen to the Kea on xeno-canto
4644:North Island stout-legged wren
4639:South Island stout-legged wren
3203:Elliott, G., Kemp, J. (1999).
3023:. Parliamentary Counsel Office
2080:Bond, A.; Diamond, J. (1992).
1973:Elliott, G.; Kemp, J. (1999),
1940:Diamond, J.; Bond, A. (1989).
1331:"On two new species of birds (
1295:
1292:, one hour documentary (1993).
1253:
1234:
1177:
567:The kea is one of nine living
447:
1:
3319:Educational video about Kea (
3205:Conservation ecology of Kea (
2527:. Department of Conservation.
2237:"The Kea, or Mountain Parrot"
1975:Conservation ecology of kea (
1844:"A bold idea to save the kea"
1806:"A bold idea to save the kea"
1263:. Auckland: Harper Collins. (
1055:
572:parrot species in New Zealand
5212:Endemic birds of New Zealand
3285:Images and movies of the Kea
2422:10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101131
1575:Brehm's Tierleben: Die Vögel
941:is used to control invasive
787:New Zealand Bird of the Year
633:
364:, who obtained the birds in
7:
3293:at the University of Vienna
2692:Additional Notes on the Kea
2635:Reserve Bank of New Zealand
1778:(2): 95–108. Archived from
1545:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.021
1510:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.013
886:) is named after the bird.
638:
397:contains four species: the
10:
5238:
4764:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
3838:South Island oystercatcher
3310:at the Smithsonian channel
3267:BirdLife Species Factsheet
3218:. Report. WWF New Zealand.
2827:Department of Conservation
1953:Avicultural Magazine 95(2)
1679:Princeton University Press
1590:. Oxford University Press.
1358:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
1250:: Kea Conservation Status.
913:Nelson Lakes National Park
911:A study of kea numbers in
898:
806:Department of Conservation
780:Kea investigating tourists
25:
18:
5207:Birds of the South Island
4869:
4605:Auckland Island merganser
4534:
4414:
4288:
4063:
3939:
3928:
3556:
3498:
3459:
3411:
3391:
3373:
3308:Kea and their "play" call
2383:10.1007/s10071-006-0033-8
2160:10.1007/s10071-006-0018-7
1914:: 105–114. Archived from
1288:, Kea – Mountain Parrot,
1164:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2
1087:: e.T22684831A119243358.
1022:Whanganui Regional Museum
772:Kea damaging a parked car
581:Kea sign at Arthur's Pass
241:
232:
214:
207:
109:Scientific classification
107:
90:
68:
59:
51:
42:
37:
5222:Taxa named by John Gould
4617:Chatham Island merganser
4184:Northern royal albatross
4172:New Zealand storm petrel
2766:. NZPA. 18 November 2010
2340:"Kea: the feisty parrot"
2267:Marriner, G. R. (1906).
1946:toward its mirror image"
866:The youngest section of
764:Relationship with humans
713:
563:Distribution and habitat
444:before their radiation.
358:ornithologist John Gould
298:) is a species of large
26:Not to be confused with
5217:Birds described in 1856
4237:South Island saddleback
4225:North Island saddleback
4201:Orange-fronted parakeet
3973:North Island brown kiwi
3021:New Zealand Legislation
2855:Youl, Jennifer (2009).
2690:Marriner, G. R. (1907)
2671:The Dwarf Fortress Wiki
2338:Temple, Philip (1994).
2305:: 33–38. Archived from
2124:17 October 2012 at the
1994:"Keas at Arthur's Pass"
1992:Jackson, J. R. (1960).
919:killed kea fledglings.
799:Fiordland National Park
4785:
4768:
4756:
4739:
4727:
4685:
4663:
4626:
4609:
4572:
4560:
4548:
4523:
4511:
4489:
4452:
4430:
4403:
4391:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4333:
4316:
4304:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4176:
4164:
4152:
4148:New Zealand fairy tern
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4052:
4035:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3919:
3907:
3895:
3883:
3879:Variable oystercatcher
3866:
3854:
3842:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3777:
3765:
3743:
3731:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3358:Kea, Kākā and kākāpō (
3303:Kea Conservation Trust
3165:Kea Conservation Trust
2344:New Zealand Geographic
2292:"Do kea attack sheep?"
2290:Jackson, J.R. (1962).
2246:The New Zealand Reader
2193:. Smithsonian Magazine
1895:Clark, C.M.H. (1970).
1875:Canterbury Mountaineer
1647:Kea (Nestor notabilis)
1599:Hutton, F. W. (1871).
1246:9 October 2011 at the
1214:Benham, W. B. (1906).
1046:Kea Conservation Trust
989:and endangered in the
781:
773:
723:
665:
659:Weltvogelpark Walsrode
582:
481:Adult kea close-up at
5125:Paleobiology Database
4776:New Zealand musk duck
4723:Scarlett's shearwater
4600:South Island adzebill
4595:North Island adzebill
4485:Erect-crested penguin
4329:Chatham oystercatcher
4160:New Zealand king shag
3802:New Zealand rock wren
2593:on 19 September 2011.
2525:"DOC's work with kea"
1603:. J. Hughes, printer.
1573:Brehm, A. E. (1900).
1498:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
1420:10.1093/molbev/msn160
1241:keaconservation.co.nz
828:New Zealand $ 10 note
779:
771:
721:
656:
580:
4426:Antipodean albatross
4416:Subantarctic islands
3739:New Zealand dotterel
3638:Double-banded plover
3550:Birds of New Zealand
3508:Birds of New Zealand
3503:List of Strigopoidea
2604:Keane-Tuala, Kelly.
2587:"Human-kea conflict"
2106:Nestor notabilis kea
1329:Gould, John (1856).
1119:"Appendices | CITES"
431:Strigops habroptilus
21:Kea (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
4735:North Island takahē
4610:rakiraki maungahuka
4556:New Zealand bittern
4544:South Island piopio
4497:Reischek's parakeet
4143:South Island kōkako
4138:North Island kōkako
4026:South Island takahē
4009:Yellow-eyed penguin
3997:Southern brown kiwi
3961:Little spotted kiwi
3478:(supporting pages:
3272:19 May 2013 at the
3214:13 May 2010 at the
3017:"Wildlife Act 1953"
2949:. 12 September 2011
2792:on 1 September 2010
2763:Fairfax New Zealand
2709:The Book of the Kea
2312:on 18 February 2021
2029:, Collins, London,
1921:on 24 November 2020
1785:on 24 November 2020
1356:Simpson DP (1979).
1002:NZ Transport Agency
927:Aoraki / Mount Cook
822:Cultural references
417:), and the extinct
403:Nestor meridionalis
348:Taxonomy and naming
62:Conservation status
5202:Parrots of Oceania
4703:South Island snipe
4698:North Island snipe
4519:Subantarctic snipe
4470:Campbell albatross
4460:Antipodes parakeet
4404:kawau o rangihaute
4075:Black-fronted tern
3949:Great spotted kiwi
3891:White-fronted tern
3756:North Island robin
3751:South Island robin
3710:Long-tailed cuckoo
3650:New Zealand falcon
3261:World Parrot Trust
2707:Temple, P. (1996)
2653:Scouts New Zealand
2481:on 2 November 2011
1962:on 2 October 2011.
1854:on 26 January 2019
1816:on 26 January 2019
1663:Forshaw, Joseph M.
1458:NZ Science Teacher
889:In the video game
868:Scouts New Zealand
782:
774:
760:in a similar way.
724:
666:
583:
5179:
5178:
5112:Open Tree of Life
4863:Taxon identifiers
4796:
4795:
4747:New Zealand goose
4568:New Zealand quail
4312:Chatham albatross
4031:Fiordland penguin
3773:Paradise shelduck
3761:New Zealand scaup
3698:Sacred kingfisher
3686:Grey-faced petrel
3578:Black-billed gull
3516:
3515:
3494:
3493:
3455:
3454:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3058:978-0-478-14128-3
2975:Otago Daily Times
2946:Otago Daily Times
2918:The Dominion Post
2890:The Dominion Post
2864:Massey University
2550:. 2 February 2008
2117:Christina Troup.
1981:, WWF New Zealand
1901:Nestor notabilis"
1720:10.1071/MU9910012
1673:. Illustrated by
1621:978-0-8493-4258-5
1414:(10): 2141–2156.
1337:Spatula variegata
1031:North & South
976:Wildlife Act 1953
963:Matukituki Valley
931:Massey University
704:Tool use behavior
698:shearwater chicks
559:
558:
547:
246:
245:
200:N. notabilis
102:
85:
5229:
5172:
5171:
5169:Nestor-notabilis
5159:
5158:
5146:
5145:
5133:
5132:
5120:
5119:
5107:
5106:
5094:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5061:
5060:
5048:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5022:
5021:
5009:
5008:
4996:
4995:
4983:
4982:
4970:
4969:
4957:
4956:
4944:
4943:
4931:
4930:
4928:nestor-notabilis
4918:
4917:
4915:Nestor_notabilis
4905:
4904:
4903:
4901:Nestor notabilis
4890:
4889:
4888:
4871:Nestor notabilis
4858:
4857:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4837:
4836:
4825:
4824:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4788:
4781:New Zealand swan
4771:
4759:
4742:
4730:
4688:
4666:
4634:Long-billed wren
4629:
4612:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4526:
4514:
4492:
4455:
4433:
4406:
4394:
4377:
4365:
4353:
4341:Chatham parakeet
4336:
4324:Chatham gerygone
4319:
4307:
4280:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4232:
4220:
4208:
4196:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4118:
4106:
4094:
4082:
4055:
4038:
4016:
4004:
3992:
3980:
3968:
3956:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3898:
3886:
3869:
3857:
3845:
3833:
3821:
3809:
3797:
3780:
3768:
3746:
3734:
3717:
3705:
3693:
3681:
3669:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3614:Buff-banded rail
3609:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3485:Sirocco (parrot)
3464:
3463:
3437:New Zealand kākā
3418:
3417:
3389:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3321:Nestor Notabilis
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3225:
3219:
3207:Nestor notabilis
3201:
3195:
3194:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3090:. 25 August 2017
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3050:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3013:
3007:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2786:"Lead Poisoning"
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2726:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2371:Animal Cognition
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2148:Animal Cognition
2144:Nestor notabilis
2139:
2133:
2115:
2109:
2108:Animal Diversity
2103:
2094:
2093:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1977:Nestor notabilis
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1950:
1944:Nestor notabilis
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1905:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1850:. Archived from
1839:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1812:. Archived from
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1659:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1492:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1399:
1388:
1381:Ngā manu – birds
1378:
1372:
1371:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1333:Nestor notabilis
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1218:Nestor notabilis
1211:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1149:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1073:Nestor notabilis
1066:
1026:Dr Mike Dickison
945:mammals such as
855:Orson Scott Card
847:Dark of the Moon
843:Beak of the Moon
692:Diet and feeding
549:
548:
530:
522:
495:
478:
460:
399:New Zealand kākā
295:Nestor notabilis
291:
286:
279:
274:
273:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
237:
220:
218:Nestor notabilis
117:
116:
96:
79:
74:
73:
52:An adult kea in
47:
35:
34:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5167:
5162:
5154:
5149:
5141:
5136:
5128:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5102:
5099:Observation.org
5097:
5089:
5087:
5079:
5077:
5069:
5064:
5056:
5051:
5043:
5038:
5030:
5025:
5017:
5012:
5004:
4999:
4991:
4986:
4978:
4973:
4965:
4960:
4952:
4947:
4939:
4934:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4908:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4865:
4855:
4845:
4843:
4831:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4799:
4797:
4792:
4676:Waitaha penguin
4671:Chatham penguin
4536:
4530:
4418:
4410:
4292:
4290:Chatham Islands
4284:
4213:Red-billed gull
4206:kākāriki karaka
4067:
4065:
4059:
3941:
3935:
3926:
3558:
3552:
3547:
3517:
3512:
3490:
3451:
3399:
3369:
3356:
3274:Wayback Machine
3257:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3216:Wayback Machine
3202:
3198:
3187:Forest and Bird
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2997:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2893:. 22 April 2009
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2736:The Nelson Mail
2727:
2723:
2706:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2602:
2598:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2444:
2437:
2402:
2398:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2336:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2265:
2254:
2230:
2226:
2213:Wallace, Alfred
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2140:
2136:
2126:Wayback Machine
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2078:
2071:
2066:on 2 June 2010.
2063:
2056:
2054:"Kea Factsheet"
2050:
2043:
2037:
2023:
2019:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1948:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1903:
1893:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1529:
1525:
1493:
1486:
1473:
1469:
1454:
1445:
1400:
1391:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1354:
1350:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1284:
1275:
1258:
1254:
1248:Wayback Machine
1239:
1235:
1212:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1189:www.doc.govt.nz
1183:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1014:citizen science
971:
901:
860:The Last Shadow
824:
766:
716:
694:
641:
636:
614:in the eastern
589:regions of the
565:
560:
555:
543:
539:
538:
536:Songs and calls
503:
502:
501:
500:
499:
496:
487:
486:
485:
479:
470:
469:
468:
461:
450:
423:N. chathamensis
409:), the extinct
350:
284:
277:
257:
253:
242:Range in green
228:
222:
216:
203:
111:
103:
86:
75:
71:
64:
31:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
5235:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5197:Nestor (genus)
5194:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5160:
5147:
5134:
5121:
5108:
5095:
5085:
5075:
5062:
5049:
5036:
5023:
5010:
4997:
4984:
4971:
4958:
4945:
4932:
4919:
4906:
4891:
4875:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4854:
4853:
4841:
4829:
4817:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4778:
4773:
4761:
4749:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4718:Imber's petrel
4715:
4710:
4708:Forbes's snipe
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4681:Eyles' harrier
4678:
4673:
4668:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4619:
4614:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4565:
4553:
4540:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4516:
4507:Snares penguin
4504:
4499:
4494:
4490:tawaki nana hī
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4396:
4387:Magenta petrel
4384:
4379:
4367:
4358:Chatham pigeon
4355:
4346:Chatham petrel
4343:
4338:
4326:
4321:
4309:
4296:
4294:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4270:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4071:
4069:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4040:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4006:
3994:
3982:
3970:
3958:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3823:
3814:Shining cuckoo
3811:
3799:
3787:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3736:
3724:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3480:List of Kākāpō
3472:
3470:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3386:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3300:
3297:Kea and people
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3264:
3256:
3255:External links
3253:
3250:
3249:
3220:
3196:
3177:
3152:
3140:keadatabase.nz
3136:"Kea Database"
3127:
3101:
3071:
3057:
3034:
3008:
2988:
2960:
2932:
2921:. 30 July 2008
2904:
2876:
2847:
2803:
2777:
2749:
2721:
2700:
2683:
2658:
2640:
2622:
2596:
2575:
2561:
2530:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2466:
2435:
2396:
2377:(4): 295–305.
2357:
2323:
2282:
2252:
2224:
2204:
2189:Kindy, David.
2181:
2154:(3): 173–181.
2134:
2110:
2095:
2069:
2041:
2035:
2017:
1984:
1965:
1932:
1884:
1865:
1827:
1796:
1755:
1740:
1725:
1694:
1687:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1523:
1484:
1467:
1443:
1389:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1321:
1294:
1273:
1252:
1233:
1201:
1176:
1135:
1107:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1054:
970:
967:
959:Ōkārito Forest
939:1080 pesticide
923:Lead poisoning
900:
897:
892:Dwarf Fortress
876:United Kingdom
823:
820:
765:
762:
729:Alfred Wallace
715:
712:
693:
690:
670:southern beech
640:
637:
635:
632:
564:
561:
557:
556:
551:
534:
532:
520:
497:
490:
489:
488:
480:
473:
472:
471:
462:
455:
454:
453:
452:
451:
449:
446:
383:, probably an
362:Walter Mantell
349:
346:
289:[kɛ.a]
244:
243:
239:
238:
230:
229:
223:
212:
211:
205:
204:
197:
195:
191:
190:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
166:Psittaciformes
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
105:
104:
91:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5234:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4787:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4752:Finsch's duck
4750:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Haast's eagle
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4525:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:Campbell teal
4478:
4476:
4475:Campbell shag
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4453:tētē kākāriki
4449:
4448:Auckland teal
4446:
4444:
4443:Auckland shag
4441:
4439:
4438:Auckland rail
4436:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4405:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:Chatham snipe
4380:
4376:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:endemic birds
4062:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3966:kiwi pukupuku
3962:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3938:
3933:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3819:pīpīwharauroa
3815:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3590:Brown creeper
3588:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3005:
3004:0-520-21339-4
3001:
2995:
2993:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2808:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2520:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:Potts, Thomas
2228:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
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2100:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2074:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2036:0-00-212022-4
2032:
2028:
2021:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1853:
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1838:
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1688:0-691-09251-6
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1589:
1583:
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1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:(3): 984–94.
1538:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1504:(3): 706–21.
1503:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:0-300-07453-0
1477:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Mol Biol Evol
1405:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1367:0-304-52257-0
1363:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1334:
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1309:
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1298:
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1269:1-86950-300-7
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1221:
1219:
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1061:
1053:
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1037:
1036:Mount Ruapehu
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
991:IUCN Red List
988:
983:
981:
977:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
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840:
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835:
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829:
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809:
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800:
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631:
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613:
608:
606:
605:
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596:
595:Arthur's Pass
592:
588:
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570:
554:
550:
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533:
531:
529:
524:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
494:
484:
483:Milford Sound
477:
466:
459:
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297:
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209:Binomial name
206:
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196:
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184:
181:
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174:
171:
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83:
78:
67:
63:
58:
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50:
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36:
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29:
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4870:
4659:Laughing owl
4654:Chatham kākā
4649:Lyall's wren
4502:Snares snipe
4370:Chatham shag
4249:Shore plover
4132:
4123:Foveaux shag
4048:Blue penguin
3985:Okarito kiwi
3850:Spotted shag
3778:pūtangitangi
3674:Grey warbler
3467:
3447:Chatham kākā
3442:Norfolk kākā
3431:
3421:
3393:
3363:
3320:
3291:Kea research
3242:21 September
3240:. Retrieved
3232:
3223:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3164:
3155:
3145:21 September
3143:. Retrieved
3139:
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3114:
3104:
3094:21 September
3092:. Retrieved
3083:
3074:
3044:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3020:
3011:
2979:. Retrieved
2973:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2944:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2916:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2888:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2822:
2794:. Retrieved
2790:the original
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2761:
2752:
2740:. Retrieved
2734:
2724:
2717:0-340-600039
2708:
2703:
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2667:"DF2014:Kea"
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2609:
2599:
2591:the original
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2545:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2479:the original
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2451:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2343:
2316:29 September
2314:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2302:
2298:
2285:
2276:
2272:
2245:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:19 September
2195:. Retrieved
2184:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2129:
2113:
2089:
2085:
2061:the original
2026:
2020:
2004:
2000:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1957:the original
1952:
1943:
1935:
1925:29 September
1923:. Retrieved
1916:the original
1911:
1907:
1898:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1847:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1809:
1799:
1789:29 September
1787:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1775:
1771:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1714:(1): 12–19.
1711:
1707:
1697:
1675:Frank Knight
1668:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1501:
1497:
1470:
1461:
1457:
1411:
1407:
1384:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1297:
1260:
1255:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1179:
1155:
1151:
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1098:. Retrieved
1084:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1050:
1040:
1029:
1019:
1011:
1007:Homer Tunnel
999:
984:
972:
969:Conservation
936:
921:
910:
902:
890:
888:
865:
858:
846:
842:
836:
825:
813:
810:
803:
795:
791:
783:
755:
747:
743:
739:Thomas Potts
732:
725:
702:
695:
682:
673:
667:
649:
642:
609:
602:
591:South Island
584:
566:
540:
535:
525:
504:
438:Strigopoidea
430:
422:
419:Chatham kākā
415:N. productus
414:
411:Norfolk kākā
407:N. notabilis
406:
405:), the kea (
402:
394:
389:
385:onomatopoeic
376:
370:
352:The kea was
351:
334:intelligence
331:
327:Wildlife Act
311:South Island
294:
293:
249:
247:
217:
215:
199:
198:
186:
32:
5014:iNaturalist
4895:Wikispecies
4851:New Zealand
4769:ruru hinapō
4465:Bounty shag
4300:Black robin
4087:Black stilt
3920:ngutuparore
3884:tōrea pango
3795:tītipounamu
3744:tūturiwhatu
3619:moho-pererū
3460:Strigopidae
3365:Strigopidae
3233:DOC.govt.nz
3170:3 September
3084:DOC.govt.nz
2770:18 November
1314:18 December
1100:12 November
995:Fox Glacier
955:Fox Glacier
845:(1981) and
657:Kea chick,
448:Description
442:Psittacidae
435:superfamily
315:New Zealand
307:Strigopidae
176:Strigopidae
95:Appendix II
5186:Categories
5164:Xeno-canto
4757:manutahora
4713:Snipe-rail
4627:mātuhituhi
4273:Yellowhead
4261:Stitchbird
4189:Otago shag
4177:takahikare
4064:Endangered
3940:Flightless
3855:pārekareka
3667:pīwakawaka
3602:Brown teal
3413:Nestoridae
3027:18 January
2676:28 January
2485:28 October
2416:: 101131.
2350:13 January
2279:: 271–305.
2092:: 151–160.
1881:: 120–123.
1128:14 January
1056:References
870:(known as
841:'s novels
674:Nothofagus
645:polygynous
604:Nothofagus
541:Kea call:
510:, and the
319:omnivorous
77:Endangered
4512:pokotiwha
4399:Pitt shag
4254:tūturuatu
4218:tarāpunga
4165:kawau tūī
4099:Blue duck
4080:tarapiroe
3908:pōpokotea
3903:Whitehead
3826:Silvereye
2981:8 October
2953:8 October
2925:8 October
2897:8 October
2869:8 October
2840:8 October
2796:8 October
2742:8 October
2554:8 October
2547:The Press
2430:2352-1546
2391:1435-9456
2235:(1882) .
2218:Darwinism
2007:: 39–58.
1158:: 26–40.
1123:cites.org
884:Australia
832:blue duck
751:Anecdotal
734:Darwinism
678:tree line
634:Behaviour
616:Wairarapa
612:Mataikona
377:notabilis
354:described
338:curiosity
329:in 1986.
194:Species:
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
54:Fiordland
5138:Species+
5058:22684831
5032:10193501
4993:45517886
4941:22684831
4936:BirdLife
4880:Wikidata
4622:Bushwren
4524:tutukiwi
4153:tara-iti
4111:Fernbird
4068:(flying)
3867:miromiro
3807:pīwauwau
3790:Rifleman
3732:pīhoihoi
3679:riroriro
3655:kārearea
3643:pohowera
3626:Dabchick
3583:tarāpuka
3571:korimako
3566:Bellbird
3468:Strigops
3287:, ARKive
3270:Archived
3212:Archived
3063:Archived
2831:Archived
2453:BBC News
2299:Notornis
2215:(1889).
2168:16568276
2122:Archived
2086:Notornis
2009:Archived
2001:Notornis
1908:Notornis
1772:Notornis
1665:(2006).
1553:19699808
1518:16099384
1438:18653733
1345:: 94–95.
1244:Archived
1230:: 71–89.
1168:Archived
906:Westland
834:(whio).
710:habits.
708:preening
639:Breeding
624:Hastings
593:such as
516:eyerings
366:Murihiku
172:Family:
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
5006:2479593
4886:Q193337
4839:Biology
4827:Animals
4801:Portals
4686:kērangi
4561:kaoriki
4535:Extinct
4351:ranguru
4002:tokoeka
3915:Wrybill
3766:pāpango
3715:koekoeā
3662:Fantail
3395:Species
2243:(ed.).
1842:Noted.
1561:1831016
1429:2727385
1310:. Stuff
1286:nhnz.tv
1152:Zootaxa
1028:, told
951:possums
917:possums
899:Threats
874:in the
872:Beavers
816:Waitaha
663:Germany
628:Waitomo
620:Poukawa
569:endemic
373:epithet
323:carrion
302:in the
182:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
97: (
80: (
5130:143815
5117:749203
5088:NZOR:
5078:NZBO:
5071:176057
5045:177500
4954:114098
4923:ARKive
4728:ōiruki
4664:whēkau
4573:koreke
4549:piopio
4305:karure
4194:Matapo
4116:mātātā
4053:kororā
4036:tawaki
4021:Kākāpō
3862:Tomtit
3831:tauhou
3785:Pūkeko
3722:Kererū
3703:kōtare
3631:weweia
3607:pāteke
3595:pipipi
3557:Common
3476:Kākāpō
3423:Nestor
3375:Family
3360:family
3193:: 2–5.
3120:29 May
3055:
3002:
2715:
2649:"Keas"
2615:12 May
2459:9 June
2428:
2389:
2176:994622
2174:
2166:
2033:
1685:
1619:
1559:
1551:
1516:
1478:
1436:
1426:
1364:
1267:
1194:9 June
947:stoats
857:novel
685:median
626:, and
587:alpine
508:irises
427:kākāpō
395:Nestor
304:family
300:parrot
285:Māori:
227:, 1856
187:Nestor
5156:11860
5104:71402
5027:IRMNG
5019:18941
4975:eBird
4815:Birds
4786:poūwa
4537:birds
4431:Toroa
4419:birds
4392:tāiko
4375:papua
4363:parea
4334:tōrea
4317:toroa
4293:birds
4278:mōhua
4242:tīeke
4230:tīeke
4014:hoiho
3978:roroa
3954:roroa
3942:birds
3843:tōrea
3727:Pipit
3559:birds
3384:Genus
3229:"Kea"
3115:Stuff
3066:(PDF)
3049:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2834:(PDF)
2819:(PDF)
2310:(PDF)
2295:(PDF)
2239:. In
2172:S2CID
2064:(PDF)
2057:(PDF)
2012:(PDF)
1997:(PDF)
1960:(PDF)
1949:(PDF)
1919:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1858:8 May
1848:Noted
1820:8 May
1810:Noted
1783:(PDF)
1768:(PDF)
1557:S2CID
1308:Stuff
1185:"Kea"
1171:(PDF)
1148:(PDF)
880:Joeys
851:Māori
714:Sheep
622:near
392:genus
381:Māori
225:Gould
99:CITES
93:CITES
5143:3968
5066:NCBI
5053:IUCN
5040:ITIS
5001:GBIF
4980:kea1
4967:kea1
4949:BOLD
4740:moho
4580:Huia
4266:hihi
4128:Kākā
4104:whio
4092:kakī
4043:Weka
3990:rowi
3896:tara
3244:2017
3172:2020
3147:2017
3122:2022
3096:2017
3053:ISBN
3029:2022
3000:ISBN
2983:2011
2955:2011
2927:2011
2899:2011
2871:2011
2842:2011
2798:2011
2772:2010
2744:2011
2713:ISBN
2678:2019
2617:2020
2556:2011
2487:2011
2461:2024
2426:ISSN
2387:ISSN
2352:2019
2318:2011
2199:2021
2164:PMID
2146:)".
2031:ISBN
1927:2011
1860:2019
1822:2019
1791:2011
1683:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1549:PMID
1514:PMID
1476:ISBN
1434:PMID
1362:ISBN
1335:and
1316:2023
1290:NHNZ
1265:ISBN
1196:2024
1156:3205
1130:2022
1102:2021
1085:2017
949:and
943:pest
937:The
878:and
804:The
597:and
512:cere
465:cere
390:The
336:and
248:The
156:Aves
38:Kea
5151:TSA
5081:kea
4988:EoL
4962:BOW
4910:ADW
4590:Moa
4133:Kea
3874:Tūī
3432:Kea
3279:Kea
2418:doi
2379:doi
2156:doi
1716:doi
1708:Emu
1541:doi
1506:doi
1462:103
1424:PMC
1416:doi
1160:doi
1089:doi
1043:NGO
882:in
758:moa
356:by
313:of
278:KEE
250:kea
28:Kia
5188::
5166::
5153::
5140::
5127::
5114::
5101::
5068::
5055::
5042::
5029::
5016::
5003::
4990::
4977::
4964::
4951::
4938::
4925::
4912::
4897::
4882::
3691:ōi
3362::
3235:.
3231:.
3191:17
3189:.
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3138:.
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3086:.
3082:.
3061:.
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2003:.
1999:.
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