4454:
313:
77:
622:
458:
3251:
1455:
1313:
704:, the Assyrian king was not believed to be divine himself, but was seen as divinely chosen and uniquely qualified for the royal duties. Most kings stressed their legitimacy through their familial connections to previous kings; a king was legitimate through his relation to the previous line of great kings who had been chosen by Ashur. Usurpers who were unrelated to previous kings usually either simply lied about being the son of some previous monarch or claimed that they had been divinely appointed directly by Ashur.
2959:
1384:
1566:
3978:
3706:
3839:
3753:
3792:
223:, and as his chief representative on Earth. In their worldview, Assyria represented a place of order while lands not governed by the Assyrian king (and by extension, the god Ashur) were seen as places of chaos and disorder. As such it was seen as the king's duty to expand the borders of Assyria and bring order and civilization to lands perceived as uncivilized. As Assyria expanded, its rulers gradually adopted grander and more boastful titles. Early kings used
4497:
palace, being constructed. The ancient temple dedicated to the god Ashur was also restored for the second time in the second century AD, and a cultic calendar effectively identical to that used under the Neo-Assyrian Empire was used. Stelae erected by the local rulers of Assur in this time resemble the stelae erected by the Neo-Assyrian kings, though the rulers are depicted in
Parthian-style trouser-suits rather than ancient garb. The rulers used the title
4017:
4227:
57:
4141:
9821:
4188:
4094:
4306:
648:. The Assyrians believed that the king was the link between the gods and the earthly realm. As such, it was the king's primary duty to discover the will of the gods and enact this, often through the construction of temples or waging war. To aid the king with this duty, there was a number of priests at the royal court trained in reading and interpreting signs from the gods.
652:
strange languages. Because the king was the earthly link to the gods, it was his duty to spread order throughout the world through the military conquest of these strange and chaotic countries. As such, imperial expansion was not just expansion for expansion's sake but was also seen as a process of bringing divine order and destroying chaos to create civilization.
755:
and many of the names of the earliest rulers rhyme (suggesting an invented pattern). This is further corroborated by the absence of certain figures in the list known to have ruled in Assur before the Puzur-Ashur dynasty (the governors under Assur's foreign rulers). The
Synchronistic King List diverges from the Assyrian King List and considers
1031:. The precise dates of the highly incomplete sequence of figures listed below are unknown and none of them appear among the rulers before Puzur-Ashur I in the king list. Perhaps their absence could be explained by these figures not being considered to be proper kings. Several are however attested with the title "supreme judge" (
5071:, Ashur-nirari V ruled for 10 years. As the Assyrians counted reign lengths from the first full year as king (in this case 754 BC), 10 years are only achieved if Ashur-nirari V actually ruled until 744 BC. Perhaps an error, alternatively it is possible that there was a co-regency between Ashur-nirari V and Tiglath-Pileser III.
5026:(though it may in this way have been based on errors in earlier king lists). There is little evidence as to which figure is correct in regards to Ashur-dan I, but it is unlikely that Ninurta-apal-Ekur would have ruled for only 3 years given that 11 eponyms could possibly be referred to his reign and because the
4496:
A semi-autonomous city-state under
Parthian suzerainty appears to have formed around the city of Assur, Assyria's oldest capital, near, or shortly after, the end of the 2nd century BC. In this period, the ancient city flourished, with some old buildings being restored and some new ones, such as a new
4976:
The
Khorsabad and Seventh Day Adventist copies of the Assyrian King List designated Adad-nirari I as the son of Enlil-nirari (and thus Arik-den-ili's brother). The Nassouhi copy designates him as Arik-den-ili's son, which must be correct given that Adad-nirari I's own inscriptions also state that he
4872:
Contemporary inscriptions at Assur attest that the king Puzur-Sin deposed the
Shamshi-Adad dynasty, on account of their line having been started by a foreign usurper. Puzur-Sin, and any potential successors of his line, were omitted in the Assyrian King List and no reference to him survives from the
4503:
of Assur ("master of Assur") and appear to have viewed themselves as continuing the old
Assyrian royal tradition. These stelae retain the shape, framing and placement (often in city gates) of stelae erected under the ancient kings and also depict the central figure in reverence of the moon and sun,
1530:
The dynasty founded by
Shamshi-Adad I, who deposed the Puzur-Ashur dynasty, is conventionally known as the 'Shamshi-Adad dynasty', after its founder. During the rule of Shamshi-Adad I and his successors, of Amorite descent and originally from the south, a more absolute form of kingship, inspired by
754:
The
Assyrian King List includes a long sequence of rulers before Assyria's first confidently attested kings (of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty), though it is suspected by modern scholars that at least portions of this line of rulers are invented since none of the names are attested in contemporary records
5043:
Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur and
Mutakkil-Nusku are stated by the Assyrian King List to have ruled "briefly", with no reference to how long that is. Though it is thus typically assumed that neither ruled a full regnal year, this is impossible to verify and all dates above are thus somewhat uncertain. The
4820:
It is not certain that Mut-Ashkur or Rimush actually ruled
Assyria. Their names do not appear in the more complete copies of the Assyrian King List, which instead skip directly from Ishme-Dagan I to Ashur-dugul, and are only attested from a fragmentary copy of the list, KAV 14. It is possible that
4520:
The sequence of local rulers of Assur under the three or four centuries of Parthian suzerainty is poorly known. Only five names are attested and their dates, their precise order and how they relate to each other is not clear. The order used here follows Aggoula (1985). There are large gaps in this
5030:
makes him out to be a contemporary of three Babylonian kings with relatively long reigns. A larger amount of inscriptions are also known from Ninurta-apal-Ekur's reign than from Ashur-dan's reign, which does not suggest that it was so brief. Most modern historians use the longest figures for both
729:
722–705 BC). The inscriptions of these kings completely lack any familial references to previous kings, instead stressing that Ashur himself had appointed them directly with phrases such as "Ashur called my name", "Ashur placed me on the throne" and "Ashur placed his merciless weapon in my hand".
4957:
The length of the reigns of Ashur-rabi I and Ashur-nadin-ahhe I, who ruled in a period of instability, are broken off in all known copies of the Assyrian King List and there is no sure way of calculating them accurately. This list follows the proposed dates of Düring (2020). Other proposed dates
4882:
The Assyrian King List assigns Ashur-apla-idi and the five "usurpers" after him to the reign of Ashur-dugul, as his rivals. Their rule together cannot have covered more than one year and some Assyriologists believe it to be appropriate to omit them entirely from the sequence of kings as the list
611:
The great king, the mighty king, king of the Universe, king of Assyria, viceroy of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, son of Sennacherib, the great king, the mighty king, king of Assyria, grandson of Sargon, the great king, the mighty king, king of Assyria; who under the protection of Assur, Sin,
535:
royal inscriptions tend to glorify the strength and power of the king. Assyrian titularies usually also often emphasize the royal genaeology of the king, something Babylonian titularies do not, and also drive home the king's moral and physical qualities while downplaying his role in the judicial
4999:
Depending on the copy, the Assyrian King List assigns either 13 or 3 years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur, and either 36 or 46 years to his successor Ashur-dan I, which means that different reconstructions of the sequence of Assyrian kings can contradict each other by as much as 10–20 years. In both the
1193:
2025 BC. Some historians on the other hand speculate that Puzur-Ashur was not a new dynastic founder, but that his dynasty actually began earlier, perhaps by Sulili. The dynasty has thus also been termed the 'Sulili–Puzur-Ashur dynasty'. The dynasty has also been referred to simply as the 'Old
651:
The heartland of the Assyrian realm, Assyria itself, was thought to represent a serene and perfect place of order whilst the lands governed by foreign powers were perceived as infested with disorder and chaos. The peoples of these "outer" lands were seen as uncivilized, strange and as speaking
571:
Assyrian royal titularies were often changed depending on where the titles were to be displayed, the titles of the same Assyrian king would have been different in their home country of Assyria and in conquered regions. Those Neo-Assyrian kings who controlled the city of Babylon used a "hybrid"
290:
survived the fall of their empire and kept their own cultural and religious traditions (though were Christianized in the 1st–3rd centuries AD). At times, Assur and other Assyrian cities were afforded great deals of autonomy by its foreign rulers after the 7th century BC, particularly under the
430:
One problem that arises with the Assyrian King List is that the creation of the list may have been more motivated by political interest than actual chronological and historical accuracy. In times of civil strife and confusion, the list still adheres to a single royal line of descent, probably
355:
officials for each year, appointed by the king to preside over the celebration of the New Year festival). Because of the consistency between the list and the method through which it was created, modern scholars usually accept the regnal years mentioned as more or less correct. There are some
1531:
that of Babylon, was introduced in Assyria. During the preceding Puzur-Ashur dynasty, royal power in Assur had been more limited than in other cities, with inscriptions describing how the king worked in tandem with the city assembly to establish law and order. The earliest use of the term
387:, and are generally considered reliable for the age. It is however clear that parts of the list are fictional, as some known kings are not found on the list and other listed kings are not independently verified. Originally it was assumed that the list was first written in the time of
4492:
empires, Assyria experienced a remarkable recovery. Under the last two or so centuries of Parthian rule, archaeological surveys have shown that the region reached a density of settlements that is only comparable to what the region was like under the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
683:
The king was also tasked with protecting his own people, often being referred to as a "shepherd". This protection included defending against external enemies and defending citizens from dangerous wild animals. To the Assyrians, the most dangerous animal of all was the
4883:
makes no claim that any of them ruled in their own right, and not just as rivals of Ashur-dugul. There is also doubt that these figures claimed to be kings and fought against Ashur-dugul in the first place since the sequence of names is suspiciously similar to the
5124:(i.e. Sennacherib). This figure is not attested elsewhere and is generally regarded to be an invented anachronistic and Christianized version of the ancient king Sennacherib, cast in a role befitting the then Christian Assyrians so that he could still be revered.
4791:, considered the most accurate chronology of Mesopotamian history by the majority of researchers on the basis of known evidence and synchronisms, Hammurabi is dated to 1792–1750 BC. Hammurabi's 17th regnal year thus corresponds (in this chronology) to 1776 BC.
5102:
Sîn-šar-iškun became king even though Aššur-etil-ilāni is known to have had sons of his own. Historically, it has often been assumed that Aššur-etil-ilāni was deposed by Sîn-šar-iškun after a civil war, but there is no contemporary evidence to support
803:, Shamshi-Adad's supposed ancestral home. Including these figures may have served to justify Shamshi-Adad's rise to the throne, either through obscuring his non-Assyrian origins or through inserting his ancestors into the sequence of Assyrian kings.
4986:
Depending on the copy, the Assyrian King List assigns either 3 (Khorsabad and Seventh Day Adventist copies) or 4 (Nassouhi copy) years to Ashur-nadin-apli. Analysis of timespans from the time of the later king Esarhaddon favors 4 rather than 3
4911:
In the Seventh Day Adventist copy of the Assyrian King List, Puzur-Ashur III is accorded a reign of 24 years, whereas the Nassouhi copy gives 14 years. In later Assyrian historiography, the dates used varied. Scribes working in the reigns of
76:
4835:
No sources record the length of Mut-Ashkur's reign or the reigns of his immediate successors. Reade (2001) speculatively assigned 29 years to the period between Ishme-Dagan I and Puzur-Sin (i.e. the reigns of Mut-Ashkur, Rimush and
688:, used (similarly to foreign powers) as an example of chaos and disorder due to their aggressive nature. To prove themselves worthy of rule and illustrate that they were competent protectors, Assyrian kings engaged in ritual
457:
604:", both assumed by Esarhaddon, illustrate that he was both Assyrian (Ashur and Mullissu, the main pair of Assyrian deities) and a legitimate ruler over Babylon (Marduk and Sarpanit, the main pair of Babylonian deities).
8760:
769:
1974–1935 BC), the fourth king of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty, to be the first king of Assyria. Though it includes earlier names, the Assyrian King List does not list the length of the rule of any king before Erishum I.
1188:
The dynasty founded by Puzur-Ashur is conventionally known by modern historians as the 'Puzur-Ashur dynasty' after its founder. Puzur-Ashur I is generally seen as the founder of Assyria as an independent city-state
541:
Assyrian epithets about royal lineage vary in how far they stretch back, most often simply discussing lineage in terms of "son of ..." or "brother of ...". Some cases display lineage stretching back much further,
773:
Given that the earliest rulers are described as "kings who lived in tents", they, if real, may not have ruled Assur at all but rather have been nomadic tribal chieftains somewhere in its vicinity. As in the
5084:
designates him as a son of Ashur-nirari V, his immediate predecessor. His parentage is disputed among modern historians due to the large timegap (38 years) between his accession and Adad-nirari III's death.
572:
titulary of sorts in the south, combining aspects of the Assyrian and Babylonian tradition, similar to how the traditional Babylonian deities were promoted in the south alongside the Assyrian main deity of
4863:
was used for priest-like people who were neither male nor female. If this would be the case, the person Puzur-Sin drove from Assur could have been the earlier Rimush, and not a separate king called Asinum.
431:
ignoring rival claimants to the throne. Additionally, there are some known inconsistencies between the list and actual inscriptions by Assyrian kings, often regarding dynastic relationships. For instance,
784:
tribal-geographical names with no relation to Assyria at all. It is possible that the 'kings who were ancestors', who are not attested in any other sources as present at Assur, refer to the ancestors of
780:, several names may also have belonged to rulers who were contemporaries/rivals, rather than successors and predecessors of one another. Some researchers have dismissed these names as a mixture of
7443:
Chavalas, Mark (1994). "Genealogical History as "Charter": A Study of Old Babylonian Period Historiography and the Old Testament". In Millard, A. R.; Hoffmeier, James K.; Baker, David W. (eds.).
5000:
Khorsabad (and SDAS) copy (3+46) and the Nassouhi copy (13+36), the total length of their reigns together adds up to 49 years. Inscriptions by Assyrian kings who ruled generations later, such as
5031:
kings, giving Ninurta-apal-Ekur 13 years and Ashur-dan I 46 years. Some argue with keeping to the 49 year-total, through assigning the shorter figure to either Ninurta-apal-Ekur or Ashur-dan I.
692:. Lion-hunting was reserved for Assyrian royalty and was a public event, staged at parks in or near the Assyrian cities. In some cases, the hunt even took place with captive lions in an arena.
4967:
The Khorsabad copy of the Assyrian King List designates Ashur-nirari II as the son of his predecessor Enlil-nasir II, but contemporary inscriptions prove that he was the son of Ashur-rabi I.
1541:', though these styles fell into a long period of disuse again after his death. The short-lived realm founded by Shamshi-Adad I is sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia.
4468:
The defeat of Ashur-uballit II at Harran in 609 BC marked the end of the ancient Assyrian monarchy, which was never restored. The territory of the Assyrian Empire was split between the
258:, a list kept and developed by the ancient Assyrians themselves over the course of several centuries. Though some parts of the list are probably fictional, the list accords well with
196:, which was founded in the late 21st century BC and fell in the late 7th century BC. For much of its early history, Assyria was little more than a city-state, centered on the city
4215:
Son of Sennacherib. After Sennacherib was killed by Arda-Mulissu, Esarhaddon had to fight a six-week-long civil war against his brother before he successfully assumed the throne.
4857:
is usually interpreted as a proper name (i.e. the last king of Shamshi-Adad's dynasty was called Asinum) but it is not impossible that it was a title or nickname since the term
10370:
4453:
5027:
1194:
Assyrian dynasty'. These kings, beginning with Puzur-Ashur I, took power in the aftermath of the collapse of the Neo-Sumerian Empire, which had ruled over Assyria.
607:
To exemplify an Assyrian royal title from the time Assyria ruled all of Mesopotamia, the titulature preserved in one of Esarhaddon's inscriptions reads as follows:
3873:
Adad-nirari III's late reign began an obscure period from which few sources survive and Assyrian officials wielded great power. Presumably died of natural causes.
204:, and in its last few centuries it dominated the region as the largest empire the world had seen thus far. Ancient Assyrian history is typically divided into the
4783:
Shamshi-Adad I's death can be precisely dated relative to the sequence of Babylonian kings, as he is known to have died in the 17th year of the Babylonian king
4504:
an ever-present motif in the ancient royal stelae. This second period of prominent Assyrian cultural development at Assur came to and with the conquests of the
8798:"Now It Happened in Those Days": Studies in Biblical, Assyrian, and Other Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Mordechai Cogan on His 75th Birthday
8251:
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 3 Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC
8092:
914:
The kings are listed in reverse order in the AKL, starting from Aminu and ending with Apiashal(who is also included in the list of kings who lived in tents).
799:
1808–1776 BC), given that other sources claim that his father was named Ilu-kabkabu, and they might thus not have been kings of Assyria, but rather rulers of
1941:
dynasty, after Bel-bani's father. In Babylonia, this dynasty of kings was called the "Baltil dynasty", Baltil being the oldest portion of the city of Assur.
5044:
dates prior are known to be reasonably accurate however as there exists preserved letters from Ashur-uballit I (dated here to 1363–1328 BC) to the Egyptian
312:
9601:
5093:
Although he was a short-lived usurper who never achieved control of the Assyrian heartland, Sîn-šumu-līšir is generally counted among the kings of Assyria.
4845:
The inscription by the king Puzur-Sin, who deposed and succeeded Shamshi-Adad I's family, states that he drove Shamshi-Adad's "grandson" (or "descendant")
4005:
Son of either Adad-nirari III or Ashur-nirari V. Succeeded Ashur-nirari V in uncertain circumstances, either legitimately or through a coup or civil war.
621:
612:
Shamash, Nabu, Marduk, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, the great gods, his lords, made his way from the rising to the setting sun, having no rival.
343:). The three lists are largely consistent with each other, all originally copies of a single original list, and are based on the yearly appointments of
10194:
4821:
they controlled Ekallatum alone. Reade (2001) believes that Shamshi-Adad's descendants continued to rule at Assur as well until Puzur-Sin deposed them.
669:
1243–1207 BC) states that the king received a royal scepter and was commanded to "broaden the land of Ashur". A similar inscription from the reign of
4339:
courtier and general. Influential under the reign of Aššur-etil-ilāni, rebelled upon the accession of Sîn-šar-iškun. Ruled only northern Babylonia.
4218:
Brought Assyria to its greatest ever extent. Plagued by illnesses throughout his life. Died of natural causes on his way to campaign against Egypt.
4121:
Claimed to be a son of Tiglath-Pileser III, actual connections to previous royalty disputed. Seized the throne from Shalmaneser V in a palace coup.
655:
There exists several ancient inscriptions in which the god Ashur explicitly orders kings to extend the borders of Assyria. A text from the reign of
531:
In contrast to the titles employed by the Babylonian kings in the south, which typically focused on the protective role and the piety of the king,
10363:
4008:
Revitalized the Assyrian Empire and made it the supreme imperial and political power in the Near East. Conquered Babylon. Died a natural death.
7707:
Frahm, Eckart (2014). "Family Matters: Psychohistorical Reflections on Sennacherib and His Times". In Kalimi, Isaac; Richardson, Seth (eds.).
10499:
4480:
survived the fall of the empire, though Assyria continued to be a sparsely populated and marginal region under the Neo-Babylonian and later
10510:
10189:
7523:
1537:(king) in Assyrian inscriptions comes from Shamshi-Adad I's reign. Shamshi-Adad I was also the first Assyrian king to assume the title '
200:, but from the 14th century BC onwards, Assyria rose under a series of warrior kings to become one of the major political powers of the
10356:
92:
669–631 BC) engaged in a lion hunt, a royal ritual meant to symbolically represent the Assyrian king's duty to bring order to the world
1175:
Name inscribed on a seal. Perhaps identifiable with the Assyrian King List's Sulili, but described as the son of Dakiki (not Aminu).
219:
The ancient Assyrians did not believe that their king was divine himself, but saw their ruler as the vicar of their principal deity,
1938:
The dynasty founded by Bel-bani, which ruled Assyria throughout most of its history, is conventionally known as the Adaside or Adasi
10245:
9594:
9005:
4261:
Generally regarded as the last great Assyrian king. Fate unclear due to lack of surviving sources, probably died a natural death.
9806:
8641:"The titles 'King of Sumer and Akkad' and 'King of Karduniaš', and the Assyro-Babylonian relationship during the Sargonid Period"
10568:
356:
differences between the copies of the list, notably in that they offer somewhat diverging regnal years before the reign of king
7412:"Die aramäischen Inschriften aus Assur, Hatra und dem übrigen Ostmesopotamien (datiert 44 v. Chr. bis 238 n. Chr.): Nachträge"
4873:
inscriptions of any later Assyrian ruler. It is possible that he was considered to be an usurper who deserved to be forgotten.
8629:
7986:
6208:
585:
274:, and is generally considered reliable for the age. The line of Assyrian kings ended with the defeat of Assyria's final king
248:
10472:
7687:
10424:
10615:
9936:
9587:
8050:
10620:
10610:
8805:
8749:
8719:
8589:
8539:
8479:
8422:
8345:
8259:
8176:
8155:
8081:
8060:
8028:
8007:
7897:
7874:
7743:
7722:
7697:
7676:
7655:
7632:
7547:
7475:
7379:
7339:
7318:
7284:
7239:
4258:
inherited Babylonia, but after their civil war in 652–648 BC, Ashurbanipal strengthened his hold on the south as well.
7329:
7257:]. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Assur (in German). Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich'sche Buchhandlung.
9663:
8610:
8134:
8113:
7939:
7918:
7791:
7764:
7454:
7400:
8335:
7646:. In Gaspa, Salvatore; Greco, Alessandro; Morandi Bonacossi, Daniele; Ponchia, Simonetta; Rollinger, Robert (eds.).
10327:
7351:
Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten: Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr
17:
7537:
7485:
Dalley, Stephanie (1994). "Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens: Cuneiform and Classical Sources Reconciled".
5022:
681–669 BC), suggest that the combined 49-year figure made became the established version within ancient Assyrian
7599:
4422:. Formally ruling with the title of crown prince since he was unable to undergo traditional coronation at Assur.
8166:
10557:
10240:
10224:
8249:
7358:
4734:). Some historians regard Ashur-uballit I as the first Assyrian king since he was the first to adopt the style
4698:
3783:
Fully restored Assyia's ancient borders, though there was again decline after his death. Died a natural death.
8884:
4800:
The Assyrian King List accords Ishme-Dagan I a reign of 40 or 50 years (depending on the copy). He ruled from
4457:
Detail of a stele in the style of the Neo-Assyrian royal steles erected in Assur in the 2nd century AD (under
3830:, though it became independent again in the reign of his son. Died relatively young in unclear circumstances.
10266:
10276:
10011:
8998:
6775:
4616:
Akkadian-derived Aramaic name. Mentioned as the father of a person (whose name is illegible) in a relief.
10332:
10214:
10209:
10144:
9820:
7910:
Assyrian Origins: Discoveries at Ashur on the Tigris: Antiquities in the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin
4754:
The Assyrian King List gives no regnal dates for the first three kings of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty and no
8904:
10337:
9946:
8739:
8094:
Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 2: Historical Records of Assyria From Sargon to the End
7229:
8315:
8269:
Parker, Bradley J. (2011). "The Construction and Performance of Kingship in the Neo-Assyrian Empire".
3969:
Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources, possibly deposed and killed by Tiglath-Pileser III
286:
in 609 BC, after which Assyria disappeared as an independent political unit, never to rise again. The
10021:
9836:
8711:
Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection
8071:
4397:
553:
667–648 BC) describes himself as a "descendant of Sargon II", his great-grandfather. More extremely,
8761:"Translating the Seleucid βασίλισσα. Notes on the titulature of Stratonice in the Borsippa cylinder"
8316:"National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times"
7885:
6799:
806:
The early portion of the Assyrian King List contains these otherwise historically unverified names:
10547:
10403:
9976:
9618:
8964:
4804:, near Assur, and it is possible that his reign overlapped with that of his father as letters from
4692:
4312:
588:", by the Assyrian kings served to legitimize their rule and assert their control over Babylon and
376:
263:
229:(representative/viceroy of Ashur), considering the god Ashur to be the true king. From the time of
8796:. In Baruchi-Unna, Amitai; Forti, Tova; Aḥituv, Shmuel; Ephʿal, Israel; Tigay, Jeffrey H. (eds.).
4269:
640:
Ancient Assyria was an absolute monarchy, with the king believed to be appointed directly through
10605:
10451:
10379:
10286:
10219:
10113:
9966:
9884:
9879:
9029:
8991:
8434:"Last Emperor or Crown Prince Forever? Aššur-uballiṭ II of Assyria according to Archival Sources"
4704:
577:
452:
240:
4958:
include neither king having a full regnal year of their own or a combined reign of 14+15 years.
4945:
681–669 BC). Among modern scholars, the 24-year figure has more support than the 14-year figure.
10527:
10317:
10169:
9928:
9315:
2783:
925:
361:
209:
8924:
7270:
6198:
504:
became independent, many of the new sovereign rulers refrained from taking the title of king (
9986:
9386:
8816:
7997:
6927:
5536:
4469:
4448:
4379:
3157:
1010:
973:
881:
821:
744:
641:
488:
2334–2154 BC), the Mesopotamian civilization that preceded the later kingdoms of Assyria and
384:
372:
279:
271:
259:
8864:
6707:
6683:
5080:
Tiglath-Pileser III claimed in his own inscriptions to be a son of Adad-nirari III, but the
4724:
Early Assyrian rulers, who ruled little more than a city-state, typically styled themselves
4354:
10413:
10204:
10164:
9643:
9101:
4884:
4771:
4755:
4512:
240, whereafter the Ashur temple was destroyed again and the city's people were dispersed.
3336:
Son of Tiglath-Pileser I; a century-long period of decline followed Ashur-bel-kala's death
1538:
1461:
986:
There are six of them, including three kings that are part of the Old Assyrian empire from
919:
886:
861:
581:
244:
8944:
8219:
Novák, Mirko; Younansardaroud, Helen (2002). "Mār Behnāum, Sohn des Sanherib von Nimrūd".
4774:
suggest that they together ruled for 64 years, but the distribution of years is not known.
8:
10393:
10291:
10199:
10174:
9981:
9956:
9523:
9466:
9300:
9050:
8845:
4655:
Indirectly mentioned in an inscription by his nephews, though his name is not preserved.
4418:
Possibly son of Sîn-šar-iškun. Organized resistance against the Medes and Babylonians at
3984:
3605:
2719:
1218:
1139:
708:
626:
515:
493:
466:
213:
205:
10348:
8640:
7950:
7892:. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens. Athens: The Danish Institute at Athens.
7353:. Münchner Ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 46. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.
6751:
6584:
3597:
Son of Tiglath-Pileser II, began to reconquer the territory lost under his predecessors
3117:
Great-great-great-grandson of Adad-nirari I, usurped the throne from his distant cousin
405:
1049–1031 BC). The oldest of the surviving king-lists, List A (8th century BC) stops at
10281:
10250:
10149:
9996:
9913:
9483:
9451:
9446:
9371:
9295:
9290:
9275:
8780:
8683:
8566:
8518:
8510:
8458:
8384:
8376:
8302:
8294:
8236:
8207:
7961:
7851:
7843:
7814:
7586:
7578:
7510:
7502:
7446:
Faith, Tradition, and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context
7431:
5120:
there was also an independent Assyrian king at Nineveh in the fourth century AD, named
3676:
3547:
3518:
3061:
2687:
2655:
2559:
776:
406:
6863:
10583:
10461:
10271:
10128:
10123:
10108:
10043:
9961:
9918:
9638:
9633:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9376:
9356:
9127:
8801:
8784:
8745:
8715:
8696:
8625:
8606:
8585:
8570:
8535:
8522:
8475:
8418:
8388:
8341:
8306:
8286:
8255:
8240:
8211:
8172:
8151:
8130:
8109:
8077:
8056:
8024:
8003:
7982:
7975:
7935:
7914:
7893:
7870:
7855:
7787:
7770:
7760:
7739:
7718:
7693:
7672:
7651:
7628:
7590:
7543:
7514:
7471:
7450:
7396:
7375:
7354:
7335:
7314:
7280:
7258:
7235:
7216:
6204:
5001:
4924:
4788:
4481:
4255:
3741:
3286:
3257:
3221:
3093:
2965:
1662:
1125:
Attested as governor of Assur in an Akkadian-period list from Ur of local governors.
1027:
under foreign suzerainty are known from contemporary sources from before the time of
656:
589:
543:
462:
292:
201:
173:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
3866:
Son of Shamshi-Adad V. Probably young at the time of his father's death, his mother
3250:
394:
1800 BC but it now is considered to date from much later, probably from the time of
10184:
10179:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10063:
10058:
10048:
9864:
9721:
9706:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9658:
9568:
9558:
9553:
9488:
9366:
9361:
9240:
8772:
8675:
8558:
8502:
8368:
8278:
8228:
8199:
7965:
7835:
7714:
7570:
7525:
Situation and Organisation: The Empire Building of Tiglath-Pileser III (745-728 BC)
7494:
7423:
6907:
6544:
6415:
4064:
3712:
3029:
2997:
2335:
1454:
1312:
510:), instead applying that title to their principal deities (in the case of Assyria,
380:
275:
267:
144:
2958:
1383:
10118:
10093:
10088:
10068:
10016:
10006:
10001:
9991:
9971:
9941:
9893:
9889:
9859:
9503:
9493:
9436:
9426:
9421:
9331:
9285:
9250:
9230:
9179:
8709:
8600:
8579:
8282:
8203:
8145:
8124:
8103:
8039:
8018:
7929:
7908:
7864:
7754:
7733:
7708:
7666:
7622:
7465:
7444:
7390:
7369:
7308:
7274:
6651:
5137:
4505:
4489:
4485:
4477:
4458:
4426:
4387:
3845:
3820:
3759:
3460:
3402:
3373:
2793:
2623:
2399:
2271:
1911:
1068:
481:
432:
395:
296:
287:
230:
130:
8605:(2nd Revised and Expanded ed.). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press.
7310:
The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome
6731:
4342:
The only eunuch to ever claim the throne of Assyria. Defeated by Sîn-šar-iškun.
10098:
9518:
9508:
9498:
9478:
9431:
9411:
9391:
9280:
9245:
9235:
9220:
9149:
9111:
9096:
8661:"The Antiochus Cylinder, Babylonian Scholarship and Seleucid Imperial Ideology"
8397:
8232:
7559:"Representing Ashur: The Old Assyrian Rulers' Seals and Their Ur III Prototype"
7427:
6564:
5023:
4641:
Akkadian-derived Aramaic name. Mentioned in inscriptions and in his own stele.
3945:
3881:
3798:
3647:
3431:
3315:
3189:
2591:
2367:
2303:
2207:
1796:
1572:
1565:
1422:
786:
436:
388:
8776:
8679:
7582:
7558:
7498:
4624:
4462:
3977:
3744:. First Assyrian king to make extensive use of reliefs. Died a natural death.
1087:
2279–2270 BC) (?), described as the son of Ininlaba (possibly another ruler?)
10599:
10441:
9898:
9746:
9653:
9563:
9528:
9513:
9441:
9416:
9351:
9346:
9265:
9255:
9195:
9116:
9066:
8372:
8290:
7907:
Harper, Prudence O.; Klengel-Brandt, Evelyn; Aruz, Joan; Benzel, Kim (1995).
7220:
7065:
6271:
4913:
4473:
4129:
4125:
4023:
3913:
3489:
3344:
2926:
2894:
2495:
2431:
2039:
1604:
1228:
1028:
987:
701:
576:. The assumption of many traditional southern titles, including the ancient "
417:
336:
283:
122:
7392:
Die aramäischen Inschriften aus Assur, Hatra und dem übrigen Ostmesopotamien
7262:
4667:
4630:
4603:
4578:
4552:
4546:
4498:
9903:
9716:
9648:
9548:
9456:
9341:
9336:
9305:
9270:
8817:"The Revolt of 746 B.C and the Coming of Tiglath-pileser III to the Throne"
8449:
Reade, J. E. (1998). "Assyrian eponyms, kings and pretenders, 648-605 BC".
6823:
4233:
4176:
3705:
3576:
2862:
2830:
2751:
2527:
689:
670:
440:
82:
7826:
Hallo, William W. (1980). "Royal Titles from the Mesopotamian Periphery".
7774:
6114:
4740:(king of Assyria), which was then in consistent use from his time onwards.
3838:
3752:
327:
Incomplete king-lists have been recovered from three of the major ancient
10322:
10312:
10103:
10035:
9908:
9796:
9610:
9538:
9381:
9225:
9173:
9167:
9144:
9071:
8660:
7648:
From Source to History: Studies on Ancient Near Eastern Worlds and Beyond
7294:
Azize, Joseph (1998). "Who was responsible for the Assyrian King List?".
5113:
4805:
4770:
The reign lengths of Naram-Sin and Erishum II are approximate; preserved
4731:
4147:
4048:
3867:
3791:
3125:
2239:
1889:
1867:
1767:
1258:
1100:
967:
645:
573:
511:
480:
Assyrian royal titles typically followed trends that had begun under the
357:
220:
189:
62:
8687:
8462:
8298:
7818:
7802:
7710:
Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography
7435:
7411:
7210:
4016:
10489:
9854:
9849:
9543:
9121:
9106:
8380:
8356:
7847:
7506:
5117:
5012:
4935:
4226:
4194:
1636:
1493:
554:
317:
9579:
8514:
8490:
7863:
Hauser, Stefan R. (2017). "Post-Imperial Assyria". In E. Frahm (ed.).
4375:
Son of Ashurbanipal, succeeded as king after Aššur-etil-ilāni's death
4140:
251:", were added, often to assert their control over all of Mesopotamia.
56:
10159:
9844:
9731:
9668:
9533:
9215:
9200:
9161:
9155:
9139:
9081:
9076:
8337:
Israel and Empire: A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism
7756:
Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: From the beginning to Ashur-resha-ishi I
7215:(in French). Vol. 2. Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale.
6625:
6623:
6176:
6174:
6172:
5048:
4934:
1114–1076 BC) used 14 years, whereas scribes working in the reign of
4801:
4784:
4187:
4100:
2175:
2071:
1845:
1823:
1740:
1319:
1285:
991:
961:
756:
719:
368:
1178 BC). After his time, the lists are identical in their contents.
8793:
8433:
8187:
7839:
7026:
6084:
6082:
6080:
4808:
show that he only ruled for about 11 years after his father's death.
4093:
439:, but from inscriptions it is known that he was actually the son of
10296:
9951:
9874:
9869:
9776:
9761:
9756:
9711:
9185:
9091:
8983:
8562:
8506:
8188:"Chronology and History in the Late Assyrian Empire (631—619 B.C.)"
7999:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa
7643:
7574:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6139:
6137:
6047:
6045:
5121:
4678:
Akkadian-derived Aramaic name. Mentioned in multiple inscriptions.
1975:
1390:
1145:
901:
781:
601:
597:
565:
500:
2112–2004 BC) collapsed and polities that had once been vassals to
6620:
6604:
6169:
10053:
9781:
9771:
9736:
9726:
9260:
9210:
7784:
Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC: II (858–745 BC)
6528:
6512:
6077:
5045:
4172:
3827:
2463:
2139:
1133:
955:
949:
943:
841:
836:
831:
532:
489:
470:
340:
328:
193:
7170:
7142:
7089:
6484:
6388:
6372:
6291:
6229:
6153:
6134:
6098:
6061:
6042:
680:
668–631 BC) commands the king to "extend the land at his feet".
9801:
9751:
9673:
9205:
9190:
9133:
9086:
8491:"Assyrian King-Lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins"
5951:
5643:
4419:
4336:
3737:
2103:
2007:
1690:
1351:
1074:
1005:
999:
931:
896:
891:
856:
816:
593:
564:
681–669 BC) calls himself a "descendant of the eternal seed of
352:
114:
8402:
ISIMU: Revista sobre Oriente Próximo y Egipto en la antigüedad
7906:
7071:
7053:
6472:
10154:
9791:
9786:
9766:
6500:
5854:
5801:
5524:
4383:
3394:
Son of Tiglath-Pileser I, usurped the throne from his nephew
3021:
Son of Tukulti-Ninurta I, usurped the throne from his father
1248:
1113:
2270–2255 BC). Name found inscribed on the point of a spear.
1024:
876:
871:
851:
826:
800:
344:
332:
321:
197:
6671:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5397:
9741:
8052:
The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule
6999:
6895:
6839:
6639:
5382:
4305:
846:
685:
568:", a king who lived more than a thousand years before him.
474:
8549:
Rowton, M. B. (1951). "Jeremiah and the Death of Josiah".
8105:
The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 1
7668:
The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach
5994:
5972:
5970:
5485:
5483:
5468:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5240:
10378:
8168:
The Campaigns of Sargon II, King of Assyria, 721–705 B.C.
7624:
The Age of Agade: Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia
7043:
7041:
6883:
6030:
5394:
5370:
4701:– for other dynasties and kingdoms in ancient Mesopotamia
2615:
Son of Ashur-rabi I, usurped the throne from his brother
2551:
Son of Enlil-nasir I, usurped the throne from his nephew
1158:
2046–2037 BC). Name found inscribed on a limestone slab.
8248:
Oates, Joan (1992). "The fall of Assyria (635–609 BC)".
7689:
The Cyrus Cylinder: The Great Persian Edict from Babylon
7120:
7118:
7116:
7077:
6261:
6259:
6257:
5929:
5927:
5878:
5866:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5755:
5753:
5324:
5322:
5204:
3213:
Son of Ashur-dan I, usurped the throne from his brother
1247:
Unclear succession, possibly first independent ruler of
254:
All modern lists of Assyrian kings generally follow the
7016:
7014:
6426:
6424:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
5967:
5765:
5738:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5601:
5599:
5572:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5480:
5427:
5415:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5161:
1717:
501:
435:
is stated by the list to be the son of his predecessor
216:
periods, all marked by ages of ascendancy and decline.
7931:
Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide
7601:
7038:
6987:
6975:
6963:
6460:
6436:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6310:
5777:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5664:
5662:
5495:
5444:
5334:
4897:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4735:
4725:
4403:
4360:
4318:
4275:
4239:
4200:
4153:
4106:
4029:
3990:
3951:
3919:
3887:
3851:
3804:
3765:
3718:
3682:
3653:
3582:
3553:
3524:
3495:
3466:
3437:
3408:
3379:
3350:
3321:
3292:
3263:
3227:
3195:
3163:
3131:
3099:
3067:
3035:
3003:
2971:
2932:
2900:
2868:
2836:
2818:
2799:
2757:
2725:
2693:
2661:
2629:
2597:
2565:
2533:
2501:
2469:
2437:
2405:
2373:
2341:
2309:
2277:
2245:
2213:
2181:
2145:
2109:
2077:
2045:
2013:
1981:
1917:
1895:
1873:
1851:
1829:
1802:
1773:
1746:
1696:
1669:
1642:
1610:
1578:
1532:
1525:
1499:
1467:
1428:
1396:
1357:
1325:
1291:
1264:
1234:
1038:
1032:
707:
Two prominent examples of such usurpers are the kings
523:
514:). For this reason, most of the Assyrian kings of the
505:
345:
234:
224:
183:
177:
46:
40:
7113:
7101:
6951:
6851:
6448:
6254:
6217:
5924:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5895:
5893:
5825:
5789:
5750:
5616:
5614:
5319:
5307:
4566:
Iranian name. Known from an inscription on a statue.
1183:
700:
As opposed to some other ancient monarchies, such as
492:. When the Mesopotamian central government under the
8398:"The Trials of Esarhaddon: The Conspiracy of 670 BC"
8218:
7395:(in German). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
7186:
7158:
7130:
7032:
7011:
6421:
6018:
6006:
5626:
5596:
5560:
5548:
5507:
5358:
5346:
5295:
5283:
5264:
5228:
5216:
5173:
8602:
Images of Nebuchadnezzar: The Emergence of a Legend
8357:"The Assyrian King List from Khorsabad (Concluded)"
8073:
The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy
7803:"The Assyrian King List and Chronology: a Critique"
6307:
5842:
5715:
5674:
5659:
5456:
5252:
4442:
8863:
8800:. Vol. 2. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
7974:
7890:Time's Up! Dating the Minoan Eruption of Santorini
7276:Commerce and Colonization in the Ancient Near East
5982:
5939:
5905:
5890:
5813:
5611:
5584:
5152:
4293:Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources
3937:Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources
3905:Fate unclear due to the lack of surviving sources
600:" and "favourite of the god Ashur and the goddess
4128:. Killed in battle in Anatolia, fighting against
3870:may have served as co-regent in his early reign.
233:(14th century BC), the rulers instead used king (
10597:
7600:"After Ta'yinat: The New Status of Esarhaddon's
7231:Southern Mesopotamia in the time of Ashurbanipal
6416:https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576%200x00237bb8.pdf
4058:
1933:
473:, featuring a depiction of the king fighting an
7467:Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur
6196:
416:967–935 BC) and the youngest, List C, stops at
8846:"The Old Assyrian Period (ca. 2000–1600 B.C.)"
8728:
8619:
6478:
5860:
5807:
5545:, Chapter 3: Akkadian centers and settlements.
316:Assyrian King List of the 7th century BC on a
10364:
9595:
8999:
8965:"Royal marriage alliances and noble hostages"
8925:"Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria (726-722 BC)"
7348:
6506:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4816:
4814:
3819:Son of Shalmaneser III, defeated his brother
2163:Unrelated to other kings, possibly a usurper
1596:Amorite usurper, unrelated to previous kings
9039:
8791:
8737:
8333:
7248:
7095:
6845:
6717:
6677:
6000:
5474:
749:
616:
10190:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
8185:
7886:"How uncertain is Mesopotamian chronology?"
7212:Inscriptions et Graffites Araméens d'Assour
6917:
6901:
6873:
6833:
6809:
10371:
10357:
9602:
9588:
9034:
9006:
8992:
8902:
8771:(2). Cambridge University Press: 264–279.
8694:
8415:Ancient Assyria: A Very Short Introduction
8408:. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid: 165–183.
8090:
7059:
5450:
5376:
5039:
5037:
4995:
4993:
4824:
4811:
4591:Arabic name. Mentioned in an inscription.
4437:
4304:
4254:Son of Esarhaddon. Ashurbanipal's brother
4225:
4186:
4139:
4092:
4015:
3976:
3837:
3790:
3751:
3704:
3249:
2957:
1564:
1453:
1382:
1311:
8945:"Sargon II, king of Assyria (721-705 BC)"
8882:
8738:Veenhof, Klaas R.; Eidem, Jesper (2008).
8048:
7671:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7556:
7521:
7279:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6877:
6693:
6665:
6645:
6403:
6301:
6281:
6190:
5771:
5578:
5198:
4953:
4951:
4707:– the Seleucids who became kings of Syria
636:745–727), depicting the king in a chariot
8843:
8814:
8733:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
8164:
8143:
8122:
8069:
7948:
7913:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
7786:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
7442:
7327:
7313:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
6741:
6598:
6184:
5976:
5744:
5637:
5489:
5438:
5388:
5340:
5328:
5301:
5246:
4452:
4179:, who hoped to seize power for himself.
1018:
738:
620:
528:, translating to "governor of Assyria".
456:
311:
9609:
8922:
8701:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 8
8658:
8334:Perdue, Leo G.; Carter, Warren (2015).
8313:
7995:
7927:
7781:
7752:
7371:Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia
7367:
7208:
7152:
7124:
7047:
6981:
6725:
6701:
6661:
6633:
6614:
6578:
6442:
6223:
6163:
6147:
6124:
6108:
6092:
6071:
6055:
5783:
5759:
5566:
5554:
5530:
5518:
5501:
5313:
5222:
5034:
4990:
4766:
4764:
371:The king-lists mostly accord well with
14:
10598:
8962:
8942:
8794:"Shalmaneser V and His Era, Revisited"
8792:Yamada, Keiko; Yamada, Shiego (2017).
8758:
8707:
8638:
8577:
8548:
8469:
8431:
8412:
8395:
8354:
8268:
8101:
8044:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7951:"Assyrian Royal Titulary in Babylonia"
7883:
7862:
7800:
7685:
7664:
7620:
7484:
7249:Andrae, Walter; Lenzen, Heinz (1933).
7234:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
7176:
7107:
7083:
7020:
7005:
6993:
6969:
6957:
6945:
6937:
6933:
6921:
6857:
6813:
6789:
6785:
6769:
6745:
6721:
6574:
6558:
6554:
6538:
6522:
6466:
6430:
6382:
6285:
6265:
6248:
6012:
5961:
5933:
5836:
5795:
5542:
5421:
5409:
5364:
5352:
5277:
5258:
5210:
5167:
4948:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4515:
10404:King of the Four Corners of the World
10380:Ancient Mesopotamian royal titulature
10352:
9583:
8987:
8488:
8448:
8247:
8126:Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives
8016:
7972:
7825:
7731:
7706:
7641:
7597:
7535:
7409:
7388:
7374:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7331:A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75
7306:
7293:
7269:
7227:
7192:
7180:
7164:
7148:
7136:
6941:
6889:
6869:
6817:
6793:
6765:
6761:
6697:
6594:
6494:
6454:
6128:
6036:
6024:
5988:
5957:
5945:
5918:
5899:
5848:
5819:
5653:
5605:
5289:
5234:
4047:Deposed and killed by Sargon II in a
1925:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1903:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1881:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1859:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1837:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1815:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1788:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
1759:Usurper, unrelated to previous kings
586:king of the Four Corners of the World
249:king of the Four Corners of the World
239:). In time, further titles, such as "
65:, the ancient Assyrian national deity
9013:
8741:Mesopotamia: The Old Assyrian Period
8598:
8529:
8323:Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies
8037:
8020:Historical Dictionary of Mesopotamia
7958:Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
7463:
6913:
6829:
6805:
6781:
6757:
6737:
6713:
6689:
6657:
6629:
6610:
6590:
6570:
6550:
6534:
6518:
6490:
6399:
6378:
6366:
6297:
6277:
6244:
6180:
6159:
6143:
6120:
6104:
6088:
6067:
6051:
5884:
5872:
5732:
5709:
5668:
5649:
5620:
5590:
5462:
5011:1114–1076 BC), and centuries later,
4761:
1718:Non-dynastic usurpers (1735–1701 BC)
9035:Legendary kings and early governors
8271:Journal of Anthropological Research
7692:. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
7531:(PhD thesis). University of Sydney.
6197:Gwendolyn Leick (31 January 2002).
4743:
4425:Defeated by the Babylonians at the
1526:Shamshi-Adad dynasty (1808–1736 BC)
1043:and sometimes used by later kings.
1023:A handful of early local rulers of
592:. Epithets like "chosen by the god
24:
8824:State Archives of Assyria Bulletin
8731:A History of the Ancient Near East
7869:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
6200:Who's Who in the Ancient Near East
1184:Puzur-Ashur dynasty (2025–1809 BC)
25:
10632:
8620:Sagona, A.; Zimansky, P. (2009).
8438:State Archives of Assyria Studies
8091:Luckenbill, Daniel David (1927).
5112:According to the 12th-century AD
1037:) a title probably equivalent to
733:
10328:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
9819:
7977:Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC
7888:. In Warburton, David A. (ed.).
7759:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
7610:Presses Universitaires de France
7033:Novák & Younansardaroud 2002
5106:
5096:
5087:
5074:
5061:
4443:Geopolitical history and context
4171:Changed the Assyrian capital to
4124:Changed the Assyrian capital to
3736:Changed the Assyrian capital to
75:
55:
8668:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
8551:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
8495:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
8361:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
7642:Fales, Frederick Mario (2014).
7606:for Assyrian Political History"
7598:Fales, Frederick Mario (2012).
7563:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
7201:
6409:
5053:
5017:
5006:
4980:
4970:
4961:
4940:
4929:
4918:
4905:
4890:
4876:
4866:
4839:
4794:
4777:
1709:Grandson (?) of Shamshi-Adad I
1150:
1105:
1079:
791:
761:
724:
713:
675:
661:
631:
559:
548:
422:
411:
400:
302:
188:) was the ruler of the ancient
87:
47:
41:
9885:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
9880:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
8850:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
8836:
8584:. Cambridge University Press.
8254:. Cambridge University Press.
8171:University of Oklahoma Press.
8102:Magill, Frank N., ed. (1998).
8097:. University of Chicago Press.
7644:"The Two Dynasties of Assyria"
7349:von Beckerath, Jürgen (1997).
4718:
4699:List of Mesopotamian dynasties
13:
1:
10267:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
9664:Tigris–Euphrates river system
9321:
9056:
8729:Van De Mieroop, Marc (2016).
8581:The Cambridge Ancient History
7328:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018).
5131:
4730:(regent or representative of
4509:
4175:. Murdered by his eldest son
4059:Sargonid dynasty (722–609 BC)
3203:
3171:
3139:
3107:
3075:
3043:
3011:
2979:
2940:
2908:
2876:
2844:
2807:
2765:
2733:
2701:
2669:
2637:
2605:
2573:
2541:
2509:
2477:
2445:
2413:
2381:
2349:
2317:
2285:
2253:
2221:
2189:
2153:
2117:
2085:
2053:
2021:
1989:
1934:Adaside dynasty (1700–722 BC)
1618:
1586:
1507:
1475:
1436:
1404:
1365:
1333:
1190:
1155:
1110:
1084:
796:
766:
695:
666:
522:2025–1364 BC) used the title
519:
497:
485:
391:
365:
8474:. The British Museum Press.
8283:10.3998/jar.0521004.0067.303
8221:Altorientalische Forschungen
8204:10.1515/zava.1991.81.1-2.243
8192:Zeitschrift für Assyriologie
8147:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
7738:. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
7621:Foster, Benjamin R. (2016).
7602:
7449:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
6203:. Routledge. pp. 148–.
4898:
4896:Alternatively translated as
4859:
4853:
4847:
4736:
4726:
4668:
4631:
4604:
4579:
4553:
4547:
4499:
4404:
4378:Killed by the forces of the
4361:
4319:
4276:
4240:
4201:
4154:
4107:
4030:
3991:
3952:
3920:
3888:
3852:
3805:
3766:
3719:
3683:
3654:
3583:
3554:
3525:
3496:
3467:
3438:
3409:
3380:
3351:
3322:
3293:
3264:
3228:
3196:
3164:
3132:
3100:
3068:
3036:
3004:
2972:
2933:
2901:
2869:
2837:
2819:
2800:
2758:
2726:
2694:
2662:
2630:
2598:
2566:
2534:
2502:
2470:
2438:
2406:
2374:
2342:
2310:
2278:
2246:
2214:
2182:
2146:
2110:
2078:
2046:
2014:
1982:
1918:
1896:
1874:
1852:
1830:
1803:
1774:
1747:
1697:
1670:
1643:
1611:
1579:
1533:
1500:
1468:
1429:
1397:
1358:
1326:
1292:
1265:
1235:
1039:
1033:
524:
506:
443:and brother of Enlil-Nasir.
346:
235:
225:
184:
178:
7:
10333:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
10215:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
10210:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
8865:"Introducing the Assyrians"
8744:. Academic Press Fribourg.
8714:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
8708:Tucker, Spencer C. (2019).
8417:. Oxford University Press.
8165:Melville, Sarah C. (2016).
8129:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
7934:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
7557:Eppihimer, Melissa (2013).
4686:
4044:Son of Tiglath-Pileser III
2817:Son of Eriba-Adad I, first
1727:
1724:
10:
10637:
10616:Iraq history-related lists
10338:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
8233:10.1524/aofo.2002.29.1.166
8123:McIntosh, Jane R. (2005).
8041:Assyria: c. 2600–1816 B.C.
7949:Karlsson, Mattias (2017).
7928:Jackson, Guida M. (1999).
7782:Grayson, A. Kirk (2002) .
7650:. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.
7539:Sargon II, King of Assyria
7428:10.13109/wdor.2013.43.1.25
7307:Bauer, Susan Wise (2007).
7255:The Parthian City of Assur
5861:Sagona & Zimansky 2009
4695:– for the Babylonian kings
4446:
4429:, fate thereafter unknown
4062:
3733:Son of Tukulti-Ninurta II
3568:Son of Ashur-resh-ishi II
2775:Son of Ashur-bel-nisheshu
2743:Son of Ashur-rim-nisheshu
742:
450:
307:
10621:Middle East-related lists
10611:Lists of monarchs in Asia
10578:
10520:
10482:
10435:Dominion over Mesopotamia
10434:
10386:
10305:
10259:
10233:
10137:
10034:
9927:
9835:
9828:
9817:
9699:
9626:
9617:
9465:
9314:
9049:
9019:
8905:"Synchronistic King List"
8903:Lendering, Jona (2006b).
8815:Zawadzki, Stefan (1994).
8777:10.1017/S001738351900007X
8680:10.1017/S0075426914000068
8659:Stevens, Kahtryn (2014).
8340:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
8108:. Pasadena: Salem Press.
8017:Leick, Gwendolyn (2010).
7753:Grayson, A. Kirk (1972).
7665:Düring, Bleda S. (2020).
7522:Davenport, T. L. (2016).
7499:10.1017/S0021088900002801
7368:Bertman, Stephen (2003).
7228:Ahmed, Sami Said (2018).
6788:, pp. 166, 176–177;
4532:
4529:
4526:
4461:rule) by the local ruler
4395:
4352:
4348:
4299:
4267:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
3943:
3911:
3879:
3696:
3674:
3667:
3645:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3603:
3596:
3574:
3567:
3545:
3538:
3516:
3509:
3487:
3480:
3458:
3451:
3429:
3422:
3400:
3393:
3371:
3364:
3342:
3335:
3313:
3307:Son of Tiglath-Pileser I
3306:
3284:
3278:Son of Ashur-resh-ishi I
3277:
3241:
3219:
3212:
3187:
3180:
3155:
3149:Son of Ninurta-apal-Ekur
3148:
3123:
3116:
3091:
3085:Son of Tukulti-Ninurta I
3084:
3059:
3052:
3027:
3020:
2995:
2988:
2949:
2924:
2917:
2892:
2885:
2860:
2853:
2828:
2816:
2791:
2781:
2774:
2749:
2742:
2717:
2710:
2685:
2678:
2653:
2646:
2621:
2614:
2589:
2582:
2557:
2550:
2525:
2518:
2493:
2486:
2461:
2454:
2429:
2422:
2397:
2390:
2365:
2358:
2333:
2326:
2301:
2294:
2269:
2262:
2237:
2230:
2205:
2198:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2101:
2094:
2069:
2062:
2037:
2030:
2005:
1998:
1973:
1961:
1809:
1730:
1688:
1661:
1634:
1602:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1491:
1420:
1349:
1283:
1256:
1226:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1067:
1054:
1051:
1048:
750:Early names in king lists
617:Role of the Assyrian king
446:
158:
150:
140:
110:
105:
101:
97:
74:
70:
54:
39:
31:
8969:Assyrian empire builders
8949:Assyrian empire builders
8929:Assyrian empire builders
8885:"The Assyrian King List"
8883:Lendering, Jona (2006).
8844:Highcock, Nancy (2017).
8599:Sack, Ronald H. (2004).
8451:Orientalia (NOVA Series)
8373:10.1086/jnes.2.1.3693710
8144:Meissner, Bruno (1990).
8070:Liverani, Mario (2013).
8049:Lipschits, Oled (2005).
8038:Lewy, Hildegard (1966).
8002:. Taylor & Francis.
7996:La Boda, Sharon (1994).
7884:Hunger, Hermann (2009).
7209:Aggoula, Basile (1985).
7096:Andrae & Lenzen 1933
6846:Perdue & Carter 2015
6718:Yamada & Yamada 2017
6678:Yamada & Yamada 2017
6601:, pp. 178, 184–185.
6001:Veenhof & Eidem 2008
5475:Veenhof & Eidem 2008
4711:
4693:List of kings of Babylon
4535:
4086:
4071:
3780:Son of Ashurnasirpal II
3638:
3613:
3053:Son of Ashur-nadin-apli
1733:
1558:
1546:
1211:
1199:
1057:
997:
941:
917:
910:Kings who were ancestors
869:
811:Kings who lived in tents
383:king lists and with the
270:king lists and with the
127:(independent city-state)
10456:šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi
10452:King of Sumer and Akkad
10387:Dominion over the world
8923:Radner, Karen (2012b).
8869:The British Museum Blog
8695:Schippmann, K. (2012).
8639:Soares, Filipe (2017).
8186:Na'aman, Nadav (1991).
7807:Orientalia: NOVA Series
7801:Hagens, Graham (2005).
7686:Finkel, Irving (2013).
7536:Elayi, Josette (2017).
5028:Synchronistic King List
4977:was Arik-den-ili's son.
4887:of Ashur-dugul's reign.
4438:Later Assyrian kingship
4084:Life details and notes
3966:Son of Adad-nirari III
3934:Son of Adad-nirari III
3902:Son of Adad-nirari III
3510:Son of Ashurnasirpal I
3452:Son of Ashurnasirpal I
3423:Son of Shamshi-Adad IV
2854:Son of Ashur-uballit I
2711:Son of Ashur-nirari II
2679:Son of Ashur-nirari II
2455:Son of Puzur-Ashur III
2359:Son of Shamshi-Adad II
2327:Son of Shamshi-Adad II
578:king of Sumer and Akkad
453:Akkadian royal titulary
241:king of Sumer and Akkad
10170:Babylonian mathematics
9316:Middle Assyrian Empire
9025:List of Assyrian kings
8963:Radner, Karen (2013).
8943:Radner, Karen (2012).
8759:Widmer, Marie (2019).
8578:Rowton, M. B. (1970).
8530:Roux, Georges (1992).
8470:Reade, J. E. (1998b).
8432:Radner, Karen (2019).
8413:Radner, Karen (2015).
8396:Radner, Karen (2003).
8314:Parpola, Simo (2004).
7866:A Companion to Assyria
7735:A Companion to Assyria
7732:Frahm, Eckart (2017).
7542:. Atlanta: SBL Press.
7334:. Pondicherry: Wiley.
7251:Die Partherstadt Assur
5533:, pp. 46, 52, 76.
4705:List of kings of Syria
4465:
3697:Son of Adad-nirari II
3635:Life details and notes
3481:Son of Shalmaneser II
3365:Son of Ashur-bel-kala
3242:Son of Mutakkil-nusku
2784:Middle Assyrian Empire
2423:Son of Ashur-nirari I
2391:Son of Ishme-Dagan II
1628:Son of Shamshi-Adad I
1485:Son of Puzur-Ashur II
637:
614:
477:
362:Middle Assyrian Empire
324:
9387:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
8489:Reade, J. E. (2001).
8150:. Walter de Gruyter.
7627:. Oxford: Routledge.
7410:Beyer, Klaus (2013).
7389:Beyer, Klaus (1998).
6812:, pp. 243, 254;
4456:
4449:Post-imperial Assyria
3539:Son of Ashur-rabi II
3165:Ninurta-tukultī-Aššur
3158:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
2989:Son of Shalmaneser I
2950:Son of Adad-nirari I
2487:Son of Enlil-nasir I
2095:Son of Sharma-Adad I
1731:Succession and notes
1655:Son of Ishme-Dagan I
1556:Succession and notes
1277:Son of Puzur-Ashur I
1209:Succession and notes
1019:Attested early rulers
982:Kings named on bricks
745:Early Assyrian period
739:Early Assyrian rulers
624:
609:
460:
385:archaeological record
315:
280:Neo-Babylonian Empire
272:archaeological record
135:(first to use 'king')
10414:King of the Universe
10165:Babylonian astronomy
9644:Mesopotamian Marshes
7416:Die Welt des Orients
7271:Aubet, Maria Eugenia
7008:, pp. 238, 240.
6940:, pp. 135–136;
6836:, pp. 243, 255.
6740:, pp. 200–201;
6561:, pp. 146, 149.
6039:, pp. 204, 227.
5887:, pp. 198, 200.
5875:, pp. 198, 202.
4290:Son of Ashurbanipal
3740:. Campaigned to the
3668:Son of Ashur-dan II
2918:Son of Arik-den-ili
2886:Son of Enlil-nirari
2647:Son of Ashur-rabi I
2583:Son of Ashur-rabi I
1963:Succession and notes
1539:king of the Universe
976:, son of Ila-kabkabu
644:by the chief deity,
582:king of the Universe
580:" and the boastful "
364:(reign beginning in
245:king of the Universe
10582:Titles rendered in
10394:King of All Peoples
10246:Destruction by ISIL
10200:Sumerian literature
10175:Akkadian literature
9611:Ancient Mesopotamia
9524:Tiglath-Pileser III
9467:Neo-Assyrian Empire
9301:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
9051:Old Assyrian period
8703:. pp. 816–817.
8355:Poebel, A. (1943).
8023:. Scarecrow Press.
7098:, pp. 105–106.
7062:, pp. 816–817.
6892:, pp. 122–123.
6479:Van De Mieroop 2016
5808:Van De Mieroop 2016
5412:, pp. 357–386.
5391:, pp. 219–229.
5213:, pp. 194–195.
4516:City-lords of Assur
4484:empires. Under the
3992:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra
3985:Tiglath-Pileser III
3606:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3555:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra
3265:Tukultī-apil-Ešarra
3181:Son of Ashur-dan I
2720:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
2295:Son of Erishum III
1682:Uncertain relation
1510:1828/1818 – 1809 BC
1478:1872 – 1829/1819 BC
1304:Son of Shalim-ahum
1219:Old Assyrian period
709:Tiglath-Pileser III
627:Tiglath-Pileser III
516:Old Assyrian period
494:Third Dynasty of Ur
10521:Specific locations
10408:šar kibrāt erbetti
10282:Mesopotamian myths
9484:Tukulti-Ninurta II
9452:Tiglath-Pileser II
9447:Ashur-resh-ishi II
9372:Enlil-kudurri-usur
9296:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
9291:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
9276:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
8472:Assyrian Sculpture
7973:Kuhrt, A. (1997).
7464:Chen, Fei (2020).
7072:Harper et al. 1995
6696:, pp. 36–41;
6507:von Beckerath 1997
5249:, p. 101–102.
5170:, pp. 7, 114.
5154:The British Museum
5082:Assyrian King List
5069:Assyrian King List
4923:1273–1244 BC) and
4466:
3677:Tukulti-Ninurta II
3548:Tiglath-Pileser II
3519:Ashur-resh-ishi II
3209:(less than a year)
3177:(less than a year)
3069:Enlīl-kudurri-uṣur
3062:Enlil-kudurri-usur
2688:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
2656:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
2560:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
970:, son of Yazkur-el
777:Sumerian King List
638:
478:
407:Tiglath-Pileser II
325:
256:Assyrian King List
111:First monarch
10593:
10592:
10584:Akkadian language
10483:The king's person
10462:King of the Lands
10346:
10345:
10297:Ziggurat (Temple)
10272:Sumerian religion
10030:
10029:
9977:Middle Babylonian
9919:Kish civilization
9815:
9814:
9639:Lower Mesopotamia
9634:Upper Mesopotamia
9577:
9576:
9472:
9407:Asharid-apal-Ekur
9402:Tiglath-Pileser I
9397:Ashur-resh-ishi I
9377:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
9357:Tukulti-Ninurta I
9325:
9060:
8765:Greece & Rome
8631:978-0-415-28916-0
8534:. Penguin Books.
7988:978-0-415-16763-5
7828:Anatolian Studies
7470:. Leiden: BRILL.
7086:, pp. 19–20.
6648:, pp. 37–41.
6210:978-1-134-78796-8
5424:, pp. 72–79.
5067:According to the
5002:Tiglath-Pileser I
4925:Tiglath-Pileser I
4789:middle chronology
4684:
4683:
4672:
4649:
4635:
4613:
4608:
4588:
4583:
4563:
4558:
4435:
4434:
4415:
4408:
4372:
4365:
4332:
4325:
4287:
4280:
4256:Shamash-shum-ukin
4251:
4244:
4212:
4205:
4168:Son of Sargon II
4165:
4158:
4118:
4111:
4056:
4055:
4041:
4034:
4002:
3995:
3963:
3956:
3931:
3924:
3899:
3892:
3863:
3856:
3816:
3809:
3777:
3770:
3730:
3723:
3694:
3687:
3665:
3658:
3594:
3587:
3565:
3558:
3536:
3529:
3507:
3500:
3478:
3471:
3449:
3442:
3420:
3413:
3391:
3384:
3362:
3355:
3333:
3326:
3304:
3297:
3287:Asharid-apal-Ekur
3275:
3268:
3258:Tiglath-Pileser I
3239:
3232:
3222:Ashur-resh-ishi I
3210:
3200:
3178:
3168:
3146:
3136:
3114:
3104:
3101:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
3094:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
3082:
3072:
3050:
3040:
3018:
3008:
2986:
2976:
2966:Tukulti-Ninurta I
2947:
2937:
2915:
2905:
2883:
2873:
2851:
2841:
2814:
2804:
2772:
2762:
2740:
2730:
2708:
2698:
2676:
2666:
2644:
2634:
2612:
2602:
2580:
2570:
2548:
2538:
2516:
2506:
2484:
2474:
2452:
2442:
2420:
2410:
2388:
2378:
2356:
2346:
2324:
2314:
2292:
2282:
2263:Son of Shu-Ninua
2260:
2250:
2231:Son of Shu-Ninua
2228:
2218:
2196:
2186:
2160:
2150:
2124:
2114:
2092:
2082:
2060:
2050:
2028:
2018:
1996:
1986:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1900:
1878:
1856:
1834:
1812:
1807:
1785:
1778:
1756:
1751:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1679:
1674:
1652:
1647:
1625:
1615:
1593:
1583:
1523:
1522:
1517:Son of Naram-Sin
1514:
1504:
1482:
1472:
1443:
1433:
1411:
1401:
1375:Son of Erishum I
1372:
1362:
1343:Son of Ilu-shuma
1340:
1330:
1301:
1296:
1274:
1269:
1244:
1239:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1055:Status and notes
922:, son of Apiashal
657:Tukulti-Ninurta I
590:lower Mesopotamia
544:Shamash-shum-ukin
463:Shamash-shum-ukin
461:Text and seal of
202:Ancient Near East
166:
165:
141:Last monarch
136:
128:
120:
81:Relief depicting
16:(Redirected from
10628:
10373:
10366:
10359:
10350:
10349:
10195:Sumerian cuisine
10185:Warfare in Sumer
10180:Economy of Sumer
9833:
9832:
9823:
9707:Fertile Crescent
9691:Sinjar Mountains
9686:Hamrin Mountains
9681:Zagros Mountains
9659:Taurus Mountains
9624:
9623:
9604:
9597:
9590:
9581:
9580:
9569:Ashur-uballit II
9559:Sin-shumu-lishir
9554:Ashur-etil-ilani
9489:Ashurnasirpal II
9470:
9367:Ashur-nirari III
9362:Ashur-nadin-apli
9323:
9319:
9241:Shamshi-Adad III
9058:
9054:
9014:Kings of Assyria
9008:
9001:
8994:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8959:
8957:
8955:
8939:
8937:
8935:
8919:
8917:
8915:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8860:
8858:
8856:
8831:
8821:
8811:
8788:
8755:
8734:
8725:
8704:
8697:"Parthian Assur"
8691:
8665:
8655:
8645:
8635:
8616:
8595:
8574:
8545:
8526:
8485:
8466:
8445:
8428:
8409:
8392:
8351:
8330:
8320:
8310:
8265:
8244:
8215:
8198:(1–2): 243–267.
8182:
8161:
8140:
8119:
8098:
8087:
8066:
8045:
8034:
8013:
7992:
7980:
7969:
7955:
7945:
7924:
7903:
7880:
7859:
7822:
7797:
7778:
7749:
7728:
7715:Brill Publishers
7703:
7682:
7661:
7638:
7617:
7605:
7594:
7553:
7532:
7530:
7518:
7481:
7460:
7439:
7406:
7385:
7364:
7345:
7324:
7303:
7290:
7266:
7245:
7224:
7196:
7190:
7184:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7156:
7146:
7140:
7134:
7128:
7122:
7111:
7105:
7099:
7093:
7087:
7081:
7075:
7069:
7063:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7036:
7030:
7024:
7018:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6931:
6925:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6893:
6887:
6881:
6867:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6843:
6837:
6827:
6821:
6803:
6797:
6779:
6773:
6755:
6749:
6735:
6729:
6711:
6705:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6655:
6649:
6643:
6637:
6627:
6618:
6608:
6602:
6588:
6582:
6568:
6562:
6548:
6542:
6532:
6526:
6516:
6510:
6504:
6498:
6488:
6482:
6476:
6470:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6419:
6413:
6407:
6397:
6386:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6305:
6295:
6289:
6275:
6269:
6263:
6252:
6242:
6227:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6194:
6188:
6178:
6167:
6157:
6151:
6141:
6132:
6118:
6112:
6102:
6096:
6086:
6075:
6065:
6059:
6049:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5965:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5922:
5916:
5903:
5897:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5840:
5834:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5713:
5707:
5672:
5666:
5657:
5647:
5641:
5635:
5624:
5618:
5609:
5603:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5425:
5419:
5413:
5407:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5171:
5165:
5159:
5150:
5125:
5110:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5085:
5078:
5072:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5041:
5032:
5021:
5019:
5010:
5008:
4997:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4959:
4955:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4933:
4931:
4922:
4920:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4880:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4822:
4818:
4809:
4798:
4792:
4781:
4775:
4768:
4759:
4752:
4741:
4739:
4729:
4722:
4671:
4666:
4648:
4634:
4629:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4545:
4524:
4523:
4511:
4502:
4413:
4407:
4402:
4398:Aššur-uballiṭ II
4370:
4364:
4359:
4330:
4322:
4317:
4308:
4285:
4279:
4277:Aššur-etil-ilāni
4274:
4270:Aššur-etil-ilāni
4249:
4243:
4238:
4229:
4210:
4204:
4202:Aššur-aḫa-iddina
4199:
4190:
4163:
4157:
4152:
4143:
4116:
4110:
4105:
4096:
4069:
4068:
4065:Sargonid dynasty
4039:
4033:
4028:
4019:
4000:
3994:
3989:
3980:
3961:
3955:
3950:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3897:
3891:
3886:
3861:
3855:
3850:
3841:
3814:
3808:
3803:
3794:
3775:
3769:
3764:
3755:
3728:
3722:
3720:Aššur-nāṣir-apli
3717:
3713:Ashurnasirpal II
3708:
3692:
3686:
3681:
3663:
3657:
3652:
3592:
3586:
3581:
3563:
3557:
3552:
3534:
3528:
3523:
3505:
3499:
3494:
3476:
3470:
3465:
3447:
3441:
3436:
3418:
3412:
3410:Aššur-nāṣir-apli
3407:
3389:
3383:
3378:
3360:
3354:
3349:
3331:
3325:
3320:
3302:
3296:
3294:Ašarēd-apil-Ekur
3291:
3273:
3267:
3262:
3253:
3237:
3231:
3226:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3194:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3162:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3130:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3098:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3066:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3034:
3030:Ashur-nirari III
3016:
3013:
3007:
3005:Aššūr-nādin-apli
3002:
2998:Ashur-nadin-apli
2984:
2981:
2975:
2970:
2961:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2899:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2867:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2835:
2822:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2798:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2727:Aššur-nādin-ahhē
2724:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2695:Aššūr-rem-nīšēšu
2692:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2663:Aššūr-bēl-nīšēšu
2660:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2628:
2610:
2607:
2601:
2596:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2567:Aššur-nādin-ahhē
2564:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2532:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2404:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2372:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2336:Shamshi-Adad III
2322:
2319:
2313:
2308:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2212:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2127:Son of Bel-bani
2122:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2076:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2031:Son of Bel-bani
2026:
2023:
2017:
2012:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1980:
1944:
1943:
1921:
1916:
1899:
1894:
1877:
1872:
1855:
1850:
1833:
1828:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1722:
1721:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1609:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1568:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1513:(20 or 10 years)
1512:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1481:(54 or 44 years)
1480:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1457:
1446:Son of Sargon I
1441:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1356:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1170:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1036:
964:, son of Yakmeni
958:, son of Yakmesi
952:, son of Ilu-Mer
798:
795:
793:
768:
765:
763:
728:
726:
718:745–727 BC) and
717:
715:
679:
677:
668:
665:
663:
635:
633:
596:and the goddess
563:
561:
552:
550:
527:
521:
509:
499:
487:
426:
424:
415:
413:
404:
402:
393:
381:ancient Egyptian
367:
351:-officials (the
349:
276:Ashur-uballit II
268:ancient Egyptian
238:
228:
187:
181:
145:Ashur-uballit II
134:
126:
118:
91:
89:
79:
59:
50:
49:
44:
43:
35:
29:
28:
21:
18:Kings of Assyria
10636:
10635:
10631:
10630:
10629:
10627:
10626:
10625:
10596:
10595:
10594:
10589:
10574:
10548:King of Babylon
10538:King of Assyria
10516:
10478:
10430:
10398:šar kiššat nišē
10382:
10377:
10347:
10342:
10301:
10255:
10229:
10138:Culture/society
10133:
10026:
10022:Muslim conquest
9992:Fall of Babylon
9923:
9824:
9811:
9695:
9613:
9608:
9578:
9573:
9504:Adad-nirari III
9494:Shalmaneser III
9469:
9461:
9437:Ashur-nirari IV
9427:Ashurnasirpal I
9422:Shamshi-Adad IV
9332:Ashur-uballit I
9318:
9310:
9286:Ashur-nirari II
9251:Puzur-Ashur III
9231:Shamshi-Adad II
9053:
9045:
9044:
9015:
9012:
8982:
8973:
8971:
8953:
8951:
8933:
8931:
8913:
8911:
8893:
8891:
8874:
8872:
8854:
8852:
8839:
8834:
8819:
8808:
8752:
8722:
8663:
8643:
8632:
8613:
8592:
8557:(10): 128–130.
8542:
8482:
8425:
8348:
8318:
8262:
8179:
8158:
8137:
8116:
8084:
8063:
8055:. Eisenbrauns.
8031:
8010:
7989:
7953:
7942:
7921:
7900:
7877:
7840:10.2307/3642789
7794:
7767:
7746:
7725:
7700:
7679:
7658:
7635:
7550:
7528:
7478:
7457:
7403:
7382:
7361:
7342:
7321:
7287:
7242:
7204:
7199:
7191:
7187:
7175:
7171:
7163:
7159:
7147:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7123:
7114:
7106:
7102:
7094:
7090:
7082:
7078:
7070:
7066:
7060:Schippmann 2012
7058:
7054:
7046:
7039:
7031:
7027:
7019:
7012:
7004:
7000:
6992:
6988:
6980:
6976:
6968:
6964:
6956:
6952:
6944:, p. 264;
6932:
6928:
6920:, p. 243;
6916:, p. 200;
6912:
6908:
6900:
6896:
6888:
6884:
6876:, p. 256;
6872:, p. 172;
6868:
6864:
6856:
6852:
6844:
6840:
6832:, p. 200;
6828:
6824:
6816:, p. 123;
6808:, p. 200;
6804:
6800:
6792:, footnote 53;
6784:, p. 200;
6780:
6776:
6768:, p. 202;
6760:, p. 200;
6756:
6752:
6736:
6732:
6720:, p. 389;
6716:, p. 200;
6712:
6708:
6692:, p. 200;
6688:
6684:
6676:
6672:
6664:, p. 239;
6660:, p. 200;
6656:
6652:
6644:
6640:
6632:, p. 200;
6628:
6621:
6613:, p. 199;
6609:
6605:
6597:, p. 349;
6593:, p. 199;
6589:
6585:
6577:, p. 115;
6573:, p. 199;
6569:
6565:
6557:, p. 115;
6553:, p. 199;
6549:
6545:
6537:, p. 199;
6533:
6529:
6521:, p. 199;
6517:
6513:
6505:
6501:
6493:, p. 199;
6489:
6485:
6477:
6473:
6465:
6461:
6453:
6449:
6441:
6437:
6429:
6422:
6414:
6410:
6402:, p. 199;
6398:
6389:
6381:, p. 199;
6377:
6373:
6365:
6308:
6300:, p. 198;
6296:
6292:
6280:, p. 198;
6276:
6272:
6264:
6255:
6247:, p. 198;
6243:
6230:
6222:
6218:
6211:
6195:
6191:
6183:, p. 198;
6179:
6170:
6162:, p. 198;
6158:
6154:
6146:, p. 198;
6142:
6135:
6123:, p. 198;
6119:
6115:
6107:, p. 198;
6103:
6099:
6091:, p. 198;
6087:
6078:
6070:, p. 198;
6066:
6062:
6054:, p. 198;
6050:
6043:
6035:
6031:
6023:
6019:
6011:
6007:
5999:
5995:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5968:
5956:
5952:
5944:
5940:
5932:
5925:
5917:
5906:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5879:
5871:
5867:
5859:
5855:
5847:
5843:
5835:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5806:
5802:
5794:
5790:
5782:
5778:
5770:
5766:
5758:
5751:
5743:
5739:
5731:
5716:
5708:
5675:
5667:
5660:
5652:, p. 197;
5648:
5644:
5636:
5627:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5597:
5589:
5585:
5577:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5541:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5508:
5504:, pp. 2–6.
5500:
5496:
5488:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5461:
5457:
5451:Lendering 2006b
5449:
5445:
5437:
5428:
5420:
5416:
5408:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5377:Luckenbill 1927
5375:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5327:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5300:
5296:
5288:
5284:
5276:
5265:
5257:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5237:, p. 1–27.
5233:
5229:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5174:
5166:
5162:
5151:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5079:
5075:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5042:
5035:
5016:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4939:
4938:used 24 years (
4928:
4917:
4910:
4906:
4895:
4891:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4867:
4844:
4840:
4834:
4825:
4819:
4812:
4799:
4795:
4782:
4778:
4769:
4762:
4753:
4744:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4689:
4675:2nd century AD
4665:
4652:2nd century AD
4638:2nd century AD
4628:
4601:
4576:
4544:
4518:
4508:in the region,
4506:Sasanian Empire
4478:Assyrian people
4451:
4445:
4440:
4427:Siege of Harran
4412:
4401:
4388:fall of Nineveh
4369:
4358:
4329:
4323:
4316:
4284:
4273:
4248:
4241:Aššur-bāni-apli
4237:
4209:
4198:
4162:
4151:
4115:
4104:
4067:
4061:
4038:
4027:
3999:
3988:
3960:
3949:
3928:
3917:
3896:
3885:
3860:
3849:
3846:Adad-nirari III
3823:in a civil war
3821:Ashur-danin-pal
3813:
3802:
3774:
3763:
3760:Shalmaneser III
3727:
3716:
3691:
3684:Tukultī-Ninurta
3680:
3662:
3651:
3591:
3580:
3562:
3551:
3533:
3522:
3504:
3493:
3475:
3464:
3461:Ashur-nirari IV
3446:
3435:
3417:
3406:
3403:Ashurnasirpal I
3388:
3377:
3374:Shamshi-Adad IV
3359:
3348:
3330:
3319:
3301:
3290:
3272:
3261:
3236:
3225:
3207:
3193:
3175:
3161:
3143:
3129:
3111:
3097:
3079:
3065:
3047:
3033:
3015:
3001:
2983:
2973:Tukultī-Ninurta
2969:
2944:
2930:
2912:
2898:
2880:
2866:
2848:
2834:
2811:
2797:
2794:Ashur-uballit I
2769:
2755:
2737:
2723:
2705:
2691:
2673:
2659:
2641:
2627:
2624:Ashur-nirari II
2609:
2595:
2577:
2563:
2545:
2531:
2519:Son of Nur-ili
2513:
2499:
2481:
2467:
2449:
2435:
2417:
2403:
2400:Puzur-Ashur III
2385:
2371:
2353:
2339:
2321:
2307:
2289:
2275:
2272:Shamshi-Adad II
2257:
2243:
2225:
2211:
2193:
2179:
2157:
2143:
2121:
2107:
2089:
2075:
2057:
2043:
2025:
2011:
1993:
1979:
1936:
1915:
1893:
1871:
1849:
1827:
1800:
1783:
1771:
1744:
1720:
1694:
1667:
1640:
1622:
1608:
1590:
1576:
1528:
1511:
1497:
1479:
1465:
1440:
1426:
1408:
1394:
1369:
1355:
1337:
1323:
1289:
1262:
1232:
1222:, 2025–1364 BC
1186:
1149:
1104:
1078:
1021:
1016:
1015:
979:
946:, son of Hayani
938:
937:
934:, son of Samani
907:
904:, son of Ushpia
866:
790:
760:
752:
747:
741:
736:
723:
712:
698:
674:
660:
630:
619:
558:
547:
482:Akkadian Empire
455:
449:
433:Ashur-nirari II
421:
410:
399:
396:Ashurnasirpal I
310:
305:
288:Assyrian people
231:Ashur-uballit I
170:king of Assyria
154:21st century BC
133:
131:Ashur-uballit I
129:
125:
121:
117:
93:
86:
66:
45:
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10634:
10624:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10606:Assyrian kings
10591:
10590:
10588:
10587:
10579:
10576:
10575:
10573:
10572:
10565:
10562:šar māt Šumeri
10555:
10545:
10535:
10532:šar māt Akkadi
10524:
10522:
10518:
10517:
10515:
10514:
10507:
10497:
10486:
10484:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10476:
10469:
10459:
10449:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10431:
10429:
10428:
10421:
10411:
10401:
10390:
10388:
10384:
10383:
10376:
10375:
10368:
10361:
10353:
10344:
10343:
10341:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10318:Assyriologists
10315:
10309:
10307:
10303:
10302:
10300:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10263:
10261:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10227:
10225:List of rulers
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10141:
10139:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10114:Proto-Armenian
10111:
10106:
10101:
10099:Middle Persian
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10040:
10038:
10032:
10031:
10028:
10027:
10025:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9987:Neo-Babylonian
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9967:Old Babylonian
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9937:Early Dynastic
9933:
9931:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9841:
9839:
9830:
9826:
9825:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9703:
9701:
9697:
9696:
9694:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9677:
9676:
9671:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9630:
9628:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9607:
9606:
9599:
9592:
9584:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9519:Ashur-nirari V
9516:
9511:
9509:Shalmaneser IV
9506:
9501:
9499:Shamshi-Adad V
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9479:Adad-nirari II
9475:
9473:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9432:Shalmaneser II
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9412:Ashur-bel-kala
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9392:Mutakkil-Nusku
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9328:
9326:
9312:
9311:
9309:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9281:Enlil-Nasir II
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9246:Ashur-nirari I
9243:
9238:
9236:Ishme-Dagan II
9233:
9228:
9223:
9221:Sharma-Adad II
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9177:
9171:
9165:
9159:
9153:
9150:Ashur-apla-idi
9147:
9142:
9137:
9131:
9125:
9119:
9114:
9112:Shamshi-Adad I
9109:
9104:
9099:
9097:Puzur-Ashur II
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9063:
9061:
9047:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9040:Later kingship
9037:
9032:
9027:
9021:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9011:
9010:
9003:
8996:
8988:
8981:
8980:
8960:
8940:
8920:
8900:
8880:
8861:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8812:
8807:978-1575067612
8806:
8789:
8756:
8751:978-3727816239
8750:
8735:
8726:
8721:978-1440853524
8720:
8705:
8692:
8656:
8636:
8630:
8622:Ancient Turkey
8617:
8611:
8596:
8591:978-0521070515
8590:
8575:
8563:10.1086/371028
8546:
8541:978-0140125238
8540:
8527:
8507:10.1086/468883
8486:
8481:978-0714121413
8480:
8467:
8457:(2): 255–265.
8446:
8429:
8424:978-0198715900
8423:
8410:
8393:
8352:
8347:978-0567054098
8346:
8331:
8311:
8277:(3): 357–386.
8266:
8261:978-3111033587
8260:
8245:
8216:
8183:
8178:978-0806154039
8177:
8162:
8157:978-3110100518
8156:
8141:
8135:
8120:
8114:
8099:
8088:
8083:978-0415679060
8082:
8067:
8062:978-1575060958
8061:
8046:
8035:
8030:978-0810863248
8029:
8014:
8009:978-1884964039
8008:
7993:
7987:
7970:
7946:
7940:
7925:
7919:
7904:
7899:978-8779346529
7898:
7881:
7876:978-1118325247
7875:
7860:
7823:
7798:
7792:
7779:
7765:
7750:
7745:978-1118325247
7744:
7729:
7724:978-9004265615
7723:
7704:
7699:978-1780760636
7698:
7683:
7678:978-1108778701
7677:
7662:
7657:978-3868351019
7656:
7639:
7634:978-1315686561
7633:
7618:
7595:
7583:10.1086/669098
7575:10.1086/669098
7554:
7549:978-1628371772
7548:
7533:
7519:
7482:
7477:978-9004430914
7476:
7461:
7455:
7440:
7407:
7401:
7386:
7381:978-0195183641
7380:
7365:
7359:
7346:
7341:978-1405188999
7340:
7325:
7320:978-0393059748
7319:
7304:
7291:
7286:978-0521514170
7285:
7267:
7246:
7241:978-3111033587
7240:
7225:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7185:
7179:, p. 20;
7169:
7157:
7151:, p. 13;
7141:
7129:
7112:
7100:
7088:
7076:
7064:
7052:
7037:
7035:, p. 170.
7025:
7010:
6998:
6996:, p. 236.
6986:
6974:
6972:, p. 141.
6962:
6950:
6948:, p. 128.
6926:
6924:, p. 135.
6906:
6904:, p. 255.
6894:
6882:
6878:Lipschits 2005
6862:
6850:
6838:
6822:
6820:, p. 121.
6798:
6796:, p. 135.
6774:
6772:, p. 166.
6764:, p. 29;
6750:
6744:, p. 56;
6730:
6706:
6700:, p. 28;
6694:Davenport 2016
6682:
6680:, p. 390.
6670:
6666:Davenport 2016
6650:
6646:Davenport 2016
6638:
6636:, p. 239.
6619:
6617:, p. 200.
6603:
6583:
6581:, p. 103.
6563:
6543:
6541:, p. 115.
6527:
6525:, p. 161.
6511:
6509:, p. 190.
6499:
6497:, p. 227.
6483:
6481:, p. 362.
6471:
6469:, p. 115.
6459:
6457:, p. 203.
6447:
6445:, p. 158.
6435:
6420:
6408:
6404:Lendering 2006
6387:
6385:, p. 114.
6371:
6369:, p. 199.
6306:
6302:Lendering 2006
6290:
6288:, p. xvi.
6282:Lendering 2006
6270:
6268:, p. 147.
6253:
6251:, p. xvi.
6228:
6216:
6209:
6189:
6187:, p. 355.
6168:
6152:
6133:
6127:, p. 92;
6113:
6097:
6095:, p. 104.
6076:
6060:
6041:
6029:
6027:, p. 191.
6017:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5979:, p. 120.
5966:
5964:, p. 148.
5950:
5938:
5936:, p. 148.
5923:
5904:
5889:
5877:
5865:
5863:, p. 251.
5853:
5841:
5839:, p. xvi.
5824:
5812:
5810:, p. 115.
5800:
5798:, p. 114.
5788:
5786:, p. 103.
5776:
5772:Eppihimer 2013
5764:
5749:
5747:, p. 118.
5737:
5735:, p. 200.
5714:
5712:, p. 198.
5673:
5671:, p. 197.
5658:
5656:, p. 276.
5642:
5625:
5610:
5608:, p. 276.
5595:
5583:
5579:Eppihimer 2013
5571:
5559:
5547:
5535:
5523:
5506:
5494:
5492:, p. 117.
5479:
5467:
5465:, p. 187.
5455:
5443:
5441:, p. 119.
5426:
5414:
5393:
5381:
5379:, p. 211.
5369:
5357:
5345:
5333:
5318:
5306:
5294:
5292:, p. 193.
5282:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5215:
5203:
5199:Lendering 2006
5172:
5160:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5105:
5095:
5086:
5073:
5060:
5058:1351–1334 BC).
5033:
5024:historiography
4989:
4979:
4969:
4960:
4947:
4904:
4889:
4875:
4865:
4838:
4823:
4810:
4793:
4776:
4760:
4742:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4580:Rāʾeḥat Hayyay
4570:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4559:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4517:
4514:
4470:Neo-Babylonian
4447:Main article:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4376:
4373:
4366:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4320:Sîn-šumu-līšir
4313:Sîn-šumu-līšir
4309:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4281:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4206:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4169:
4166:
4159:
4155:Sîn-aḥḥē-erība
4144:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4122:
4119:
4112:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4063:Main article:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4035:
4031:Salmānu-ašarēd
4020:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3996:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3957:
3946:Ashur-nirari V
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3925:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3893:
3889:Salmānu-ašarēd
3882:Shalmaneser IV
3877:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3799:Shamshi-Adad V
3795:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3771:
3767:Salmānu-ašarēd
3756:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3734:
3731:
3724:
3709:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3688:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3659:
3648:Adad-nirari II
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3588:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3559:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3530:
3526:Aššur-rēša-iši
3514:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3501:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3474:1018 – 1013 BC
3472:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3445:1030 – 1019 BC
3443:
3439:Salmānu-ašarēd
3432:Shalmaneser II
3427:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3416:1049 – 1031 BC
3414:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3387:1053 – 1050 BC
3385:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3358:1055 – 1054 BC
3356:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3329:1073 – 1056 BC
3327:
3323:Aššūr-bēl-kala
3316:Ashur-bel-kala
3311:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3300:1075 – 1074 BC
3298:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3271:1114 – 1076 BC
3269:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3235:1132 – 1115 BC
3233:
3229:Aššur-rēša-iši
3217:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3201:
3197:Mutakkil-Nusku
3190:Mutakkil-Nusku
3185:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3169:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3142:1178 – 1133 BC
3137:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3110:1191 – 1179 BC
3105:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3078:1196 – 1192 BC
3073:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3046:1202 – 1197 BC
3041:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3014:1206 – 1203 BC
3009:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2982:1243 – 1207 BC
2977:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2943:1273 – 1244 BC
2938:
2934:Salmānu-ašarēd
2922:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2911:1305 – 1274 BC
2906:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2879:1317 – 1306 BC
2874:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2847:1327 – 1318 BC
2842:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2810:1363 – 1328 BC
2805:
2789:
2788:
2787:, 1363–912 BC
2779:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2768:1390 – 1364 BC
2763:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2736:1400 – 1391 BC
2731:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2704:1408 – 1401 BC
2699:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2672:1417 – 1409 BC
2667:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2640:1424 – 1418 BC
2635:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2608:1430 – 1425 BC
2603:
2592:Enlil-nasir II
2587:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2576:1452 – 1431 BC
2571:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2544:1472 – 1453 BC
2539:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2507:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2480:1484 – 1473 BC
2475:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2448:1497 – 1485 BC
2443:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2416:1521 – 1498 BC
2411:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2384:1547 – 1522 BC
2379:
2368:Ashur-nirari I
2363:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2352:1563 – 1548 BC
2347:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2320:1579 – 1564 BC
2315:
2304:Ishme-Dagan II
2299:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2288:1585 – 1580 BC
2283:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2256:1598 – 1586 BC
2251:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2224:1601 – 1599 BC
2219:
2208:Sharma-Adad II
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:Son of Bazaya
2197:
2192:1615 – 1602 BC
2187:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2156:1621 – 1616 BC
2151:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2120:1649 – 1622 BC
2115:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2088:1661 – 1650 BC
2083:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:Son of Libaya
2061:
2056:1673 – 1662 BC
2051:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2024:1690 – 1674 BC
2019:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1992:1700 – 1691 BC
1987:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1804:Aššur-apla-idi
1797:Ashur-apla-idi
1792:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1621:1775 – 1765 BC
1616:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1589:1808 – 1776 BC
1584:
1573:Shamshi-Adad I
1569:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1505:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1473:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1439:1880 – 1873 BC
1434:
1423:Puzur-Ashur II
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:Son of Ikunum
1412:
1407:1920 – 1881 BC
1402:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1368:1934 – 1921 BC
1363:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1336:1974 – 1935 BC
1331:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1002:, son of Aminu
996:
978:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
940:
939:
936:
935:
929:
923:
916:
906:
905:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
808:
787:Shamshi-Adad I
751:
748:
740:
737:
735:
734:Assyrian kings
732:
697:
694:
618:
615:
448:
445:
437:Enlil-Nasir II
389:Shamshi-Adad I
309:
306:
304:
301:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
80:
72:
71:
68:
67:
60:
52:
51:
37:
36:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10633:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10585:
10581:
10580:
10577:
10571:
10570:
10566:
10563:
10559:
10558:King of Sumer
10556:
10553:
10549:
10546:
10543:
10542:šar māt Aššur
10539:
10536:
10533:
10529:
10528:King of Akkad
10526:
10525:
10523:
10519:
10513:
10512:
10508:
10505:
10504:šarrum dannum
10501:
10498:
10495:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10481:
10475:
10474:
10470:
10467:
10463:
10460:
10457:
10453:
10450:
10447:
10443:
10442:King of Kings
10440:
10439:
10437:
10433:
10427:
10426:
10422:
10419:
10415:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10402:
10399:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10385:
10381:
10374:
10369:
10367:
10362:
10360:
10355:
10354:
10351:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10310:
10308:
10304:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10258:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10238:
10236:
10232:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10136:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10033:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9926:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9838:
9834:
9831:
9827:
9822:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9704:
9702:
9698:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9654:Syrian Desert
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9612:
9605:
9600:
9598:
9593:
9591:
9586:
9585:
9582:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9564:Sinsharishkun
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9529:Shalmaneser V
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9514:Ashur-dan III
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9468:
9464:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9442:Ashur-rabi II
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9417:Eriba-Adad II
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9352:Shalmaneser I
9350:
9348:
9347:Adad-nirari I
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9329:
9327:
9317:
9313:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9266:Ashur-shaduni
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9256:Enlil-nasir I
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9196:Sharma-Adad I
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9181:
9178:
9175:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9117:Ishme-Dagan I
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9067:Puzur-Ashur I
9065:
9064:
9062:
9059:2025–1364 BC)
9052:
9048:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9018:
9009:
9004:
9002:
8997:
8995:
8990:
8989:
8986:
8970:
8966:
8961:
8950:
8946:
8941:
8930:
8926:
8921:
8910:
8906:
8901:
8890:
8886:
8881:
8870:
8866:
8862:
8851:
8847:
8842:
8841:
8829:
8825:
8818:
8813:
8809:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8766:
8762:
8757:
8753:
8747:
8743:
8742:
8736:
8732:
8727:
8723:
8717:
8713:
8712:
8706:
8702:
8698:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8669:
8662:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8642:
8637:
8633:
8627:
8624:. Routledge.
8623:
8618:
8614:
8612:1-57591-079-9
8608:
8604:
8603:
8597:
8593:
8587:
8583:
8582:
8576:
8572:
8568:
8564:
8560:
8556:
8552:
8547:
8543:
8537:
8533:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8492:
8487:
8483:
8477:
8473:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8452:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8435:
8430:
8426:
8420:
8416:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8374:
8370:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8317:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8272:
8267:
8263:
8257:
8253:
8252:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8189:
8184:
8180:
8174:
8170:
8169:
8163:
8159:
8153:
8149:
8148:
8142:
8138:
8136:1-57607-965-1
8132:
8128:
8127:
8121:
8117:
8115:0-89356-313-7
8111:
8107:
8106:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8089:
8085:
8079:
8076:. Routledge.
8075:
8074:
8068:
8064:
8058:
8054:
8053:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8036:
8032:
8026:
8022:
8021:
8015:
8011:
8005:
8001:
8000:
7994:
7990:
7984:
7981:. Routledge.
7979:
7978:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7952:
7947:
7943:
7941:1-57607-091-3
7937:
7933:
7932:
7926:
7922:
7920:0-87099-743-2
7916:
7912:
7911:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7868:
7867:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7799:
7795:
7793:0-8020-0886-0
7789:
7785:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7768:
7766:9783447013826
7762:
7758:
7757:
7751:
7747:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7730:
7726:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7711:
7705:
7701:
7695:
7691:
7690:
7684:
7680:
7674:
7670:
7669:
7663:
7659:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7640:
7636:
7630:
7626:
7625:
7619:
7616:(1): 133–158.
7615:
7611:
7607:
7604:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7555:
7551:
7545:
7541:
7540:
7534:
7527:
7526:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7483:
7479:
7473:
7469:
7468:
7462:
7458:
7456:0-931464-82-X
7452:
7448:
7447:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7418:(in German).
7417:
7413:
7408:
7404:
7402:3-525-53645-3
7398:
7394:
7393:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7352:
7347:
7343:
7337:
7333:
7332:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7312:
7311:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7237:
7233:
7232:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7195:, p. 11.
7194:
7189:
7183:, p. 11.
7182:
7178:
7173:
7167:, p. 42.
7166:
7161:
7154:
7150:
7145:
7139:, p. 15.
7138:
7133:
7126:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7110:, p. 19.
7109:
7104:
7097:
7092:
7085:
7080:
7074:, p. 18.
7073:
7068:
7061:
7056:
7050:, p. 20.
7049:
7044:
7042:
7034:
7029:
7022:
7017:
7015:
7007:
7002:
6995:
6990:
6984:, p. 18.
6983:
6978:
6971:
6966:
6960:, p. 20.
6959:
6954:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6935:
6930:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6910:
6903:
6898:
6891:
6886:
6880:, p. 13.
6879:
6875:
6871:
6866:
6860:, p. 48.
6859:
6854:
6848:, p. 40.
6847:
6842:
6835:
6831:
6826:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6802:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6778:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6747:
6743:
6742:Melville 2016
6739:
6734:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6710:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6686:
6679:
6674:
6668:, p. 36.
6667:
6663:
6659:
6654:
6647:
6642:
6635:
6631:
6626:
6624:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6600:
6599:Beaulieu 2018
6596:
6592:
6587:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6567:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6547:
6540:
6536:
6531:
6524:
6520:
6515:
6508:
6503:
6496:
6492:
6487:
6480:
6475:
6468:
6463:
6456:
6451:
6444:
6439:
6433:, p. 28.
6432:
6427:
6425:
6417:
6412:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6384:
6380:
6375:
6368:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6294:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6267:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6226:, p. 99.
6225:
6220:
6212:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6193:
6186:
6185:McIntosh 2005
6182:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6166:, p. 85.
6165:
6161:
6156:
6150:, p. 91.
6149:
6145:
6140:
6138:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6117:
6111:, p. 89.
6110:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6090:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6074:, p. 92.
6073:
6069:
6064:
6058:, p. 81.
6057:
6053:
6048:
6046:
6038:
6033:
6026:
6021:
6015:, p. 59.
6014:
6009:
6003:, p. 24.
6002:
5997:
5990:
5985:
5978:
5977:Chavalas 1994
5973:
5971:
5963:
5960:, p. 5;
5959:
5954:
5947:
5942:
5935:
5930:
5928:
5920:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5886:
5881:
5874:
5869:
5862:
5857:
5851:, p. 12.
5850:
5845:
5838:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5821:
5816:
5809:
5804:
5797:
5792:
5785:
5780:
5774:, p. 49.
5773:
5768:
5762:, p. 27.
5761:
5756:
5754:
5746:
5745:Chavalas 1994
5741:
5734:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5711:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5670:
5665:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5646:
5639:
5638:Highcock 2017
5634:
5632:
5630:
5623:, p. 20.
5622:
5617:
5615:
5607:
5602:
5600:
5593:, p. 11.
5592:
5587:
5581:, p. 36.
5580:
5575:
5568:
5563:
5556:
5551:
5544:
5539:
5532:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5503:
5498:
5491:
5490:Chavalas 1994
5486:
5484:
5477:, p. 19.
5476:
5471:
5464:
5459:
5452:
5447:
5440:
5439:Chavalas 1994
5435:
5433:
5431:
5423:
5418:
5411:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5390:
5389:Melville 2016
5385:
5378:
5373:
5367:, p. 28.
5366:
5361:
5355:, p. 21.
5354:
5349:
5343:, p. 12.
5342:
5341:Karlsson 2017
5337:
5330:
5329:Karlsson 2017
5325:
5323:
5316:, p. 73.
5315:
5310:
5303:
5302:Liverani 2013
5298:
5291:
5286:
5280:, p. 27.
5279:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5261:, p. 24.
5260:
5255:
5248:
5247:Meissner 1990
5243:
5236:
5231:
5225:, p. 89.
5224:
5219:
5212:
5207:
5200:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5169:
5164:
5157:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5136:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5099:
5090:
5083:
5077:
5070:
5064:
5050:
5047:
5040:
5038:
5029:
5025:
5014:
5003:
4996:
4994:
4983:
4973:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4937:
4926:
4915:
4914:Shalmaneser I
4908:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4869:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4738:
4737:šar māt Aššur
4733:
4728:
4727:Iššiʾak Aššur
4721:
4717:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4525:
4522:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4476:empires. The
4475:
4471:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4405:Aššur-uballiṭ
4400:
4399:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4367:
4363:
4362:Sîn-šar-iškun
4357:
4356:
4355:Sîn-šar-iškun
4351:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4126:Dur-Sharrukin
4123:
4120:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4070:
4066:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4024:Shalmaneser V
4021:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3914:Ashur-dan III
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3742:Mediterranean
3739:
3735:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3609:, 911–609 BC
3608:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3503:1012 – 972 BC
3502:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3490:Ashur-rabi II
3486:
3483:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3345:Eriba-Adad II
3341:
3338:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3119:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2927:Shalmaneser I
2923:
2920:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2895:Adad-nirari I
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2856:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:šar māt Aššur
2806:
2802:
2801:Aššur-uballiṭ
2796:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2503:Aššur-šaddûni
2498:
2497:
2496:Ashur-shaduni
2492:
2489:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2432:Enlil-nasir I
2428:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2329:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2040:Sharma-Adad I
2036:
2033:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1999:Son of Adasi
1988:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1723:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1605:Ishme-Dagan I
1601:
1598:
1595:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1519:
1516:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1229:Puzur-Ashur I
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1198:
1195:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:Iššiʾak Aššur
1035:
1030:
1029:Puzur-Ashur I
1026:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
993:
989:
988:Puzur-Ashur I
984:
983:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
933:
930:
928:, son of Hale
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
911:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
812:
807:
804:
802:
788:
783:
779:
778:
771:
758:
746:
731:
721:
710:
705:
703:
702:ancient Egypt
693:
691:
687:
681:
672:
658:
653:
649:
647:
643:
628:
623:
613:
608:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
569:
567:
556:
545:
540:
539:
534:
529:
526:
525:Iššiʾak Aššur
517:
513:
508:
503:
495:
491:
483:
476:
475:oryx antelope
472:
468:
464:
459:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
428:
427:727–722 BC).
419:
418:Shalmaneser V
408:
397:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
363:
359:
354:
350:
348:
342:
338:
337:Dur-Sharrukin
334:
330:
323:
320:tablet, from
319:
314:
300:
298:
294:
289:
285:
284:Median Empire
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
232:
227:
226:Iššiʾak Aššur
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
185:šar māt Aššur
180:
179:Iššiʾak Aššur
175:
171:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
132:
124:
123:Puzur-Ashur I
116:
113:
109:
104:
100:
96:
84:
78:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
48:šar māt Aššur
42:Iššiʾak Aššur
38:
30:
27:
19:
10567:
10561:
10551:
10541:
10537:
10531:
10509:
10503:
10493:
10471:
10465:
10455:
10445:
10423:
10418:šar kiššatim
10417:
10407:
10397:
10220:Royal titles
10145:Architecture
9982:Neo-Assyrian
9829:(Pre)history
9649:Persian Gulf
9549:Ashurbanipal
9471:(911–609 BC)
9457:Ashur-dan II
9342:Arik-den-ili
9337:Enlil-nirari
9324:1363–912 BC)
9306:Eriba-Adad I
9271:Ashur-rabi I
9030:Royal titles
9024:
8972:. Retrieved
8968:
8952:. Retrieved
8948:
8932:. Retrieved
8928:
8912:. Retrieved
8908:
8892:. Retrieved
8888:
8873:. Retrieved
8871:. 2018-06-19
8868:
8853:. Retrieved
8849:
8827:
8823:
8797:
8768:
8764:
8740:
8730:
8710:
8700:
8671:
8667:
8651:
8647:
8621:
8601:
8580:
8554:
8550:
8532:Ancient Iraq
8531:
8498:
8494:
8471:
8454:
8450:
8441:
8437:
8414:
8405:
8401:
8367:(1): 56–90.
8364:
8360:
8336:
8326:
8322:
8274:
8270:
8250:
8224:
8220:
8195:
8191:
8167:
8146:
8125:
8104:
8093:
8072:
8051:
8040:
8019:
7998:
7976:
7957:
7930:
7909:
7889:
7865:
7831:
7827:
7813:(1): 23–41.
7810:
7806:
7783:
7755:
7734:
7709:
7688:
7667:
7647:
7623:
7613:
7609:
7569:(1): 35–49.
7566:
7562:
7538:
7524:
7490:
7486:
7466:
7445:
7422:(1): 25–62.
7419:
7415:
7391:
7370:
7350:
7330:
7309:
7299:
7295:
7275:
7254:
7250:
7230:
7211:
7202:Bibliography
7188:
7172:
7160:
7155:, p. 8.
7153:Aggoula 1985
7144:
7132:
7127:, p. 8.
7125:Aggoula 1985
7103:
7091:
7079:
7067:
7055:
7048:Parpola 2004
7028:
7023:, p. 7.
7001:
6989:
6982:Parpola 2004
6977:
6965:
6953:
6929:
6918:Na'aman 1991
6909:
6902:Na'aman 1991
6897:
6885:
6874:Na'aman 1991
6865:
6853:
6841:
6834:Na'aman 1991
6825:
6810:Na'aman 1991
6801:
6777:
6753:
6733:
6726:Radner 2012b
6709:
6702:Radner 2012b
6685:
6673:
6662:Grayson 2002
6653:
6641:
6634:Grayson 2002
6615:Grayson 2002
6606:
6586:
6579:Bertman 2003
6566:
6546:
6530:
6514:
6502:
6486:
6474:
6462:
6450:
6443:Grayson 1972
6438:
6411:
6374:
6293:
6273:
6224:Bertman 2003
6219:
6199:
6192:
6164:Bertman 2003
6155:
6148:Bertman 2003
6131:, p. 6.
6125:Bertman 2003
6116:
6109:Bertman 2003
6100:
6093:Bertman 2003
6072:Bertman 2003
6063:
6056:Bertman 2003
6032:
6020:
6008:
5996:
5991:, p. 7.
5984:
5953:
5948:, p. 8.
5941:
5921:, p. 6.
5902:, p. 5.
5880:
5868:
5856:
5844:
5822:, p. 9.
5815:
5803:
5791:
5784:Bertman 2003
5779:
5767:
5760:Grayson 1972
5740:
5645:
5586:
5574:
5569:, p. 5.
5567:Grayson 1972
5562:
5557:, p. 3.
5555:Grayson 1972
5550:
5538:
5531:Grayson 1972
5526:
5521:, p. 2.
5519:Grayson 1972
5502:Grayson 1972
5497:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5417:
5384:
5372:
5360:
5348:
5336:
5331:, p. 1.
5314:Stevens 2014
5309:
5297:
5285:
5254:
5242:
5230:
5223:La Boda 1994
5218:
5206:
5163:
5153:
5108:
5098:
5089:
5081:
5076:
5068:
5063:
4982:
4972:
4963:
4907:
4892:
4878:
4868:
4851:from Assur.
4841:
4796:
4779:
4720:
4662:
4623:
4598:
4573:
4541:
4519:
4495:
4467:
4411:612 – 609 BC
4396:
4368:627 – 612 BC
4353:
4311:
4283:631 – 627 BC
4268:
4247:669 – 631 BC
4234:Ashurbanipal
4232:
4208:681 – 669 BC
4193:
4177:Arda-Mulissu
4161:705 – 681 BC
4146:
4114:722 – 705 BC
4099:
4037:727 – 722 BC
4022:
3998:745 – 727 BC
3983:
3959:755 – 745 BC
3953:Aššur-nārāri
3944:
3927:773 – 755 BC
3912:
3895:783 – 773 BC
3880:
3859:811 – 783 BC
3844:
3812:824 – 811 BC
3797:
3773:859 – 824 BC
3758:
3726:884 – 859 BC
3711:
3690:890 – 884 BC
3675:
3661:911 – 891 BC
3646:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3590:934 – 912 BC
3577:Ashur-dan II
3575:
3561:966 – 935 BC
3546:
3532:971 – 967 BC
3517:
3488:
3468:Aššur-nārāri
3459:
3430:
3401:
3372:
3343:
3314:
3285:
3256:
3220:
3188:
3156:
3124:
3092:
3060:
3037:Aššur-nārāri
3028:
2996:
2964:
2925:
2893:
2870:Arīk-den-ili
2863:Arik-den-ili
2861:
2838:Enlīl-nārāri
2831:Enlil-nirari
2829:
2792:
2782:
2752:Eriba-Adad I
2750:
2718:
2686:
2654:
2631:Aššur-nārāri
2622:
2590:
2558:
2528:Ashur-rabi I
2526:
2494:
2462:
2430:
2398:
2375:Aššur-nārāri
2366:
2334:
2302:
2270:
2238:
2206:
2174:
2138:
2102:
2070:
2038:
2006:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1910:
1888:
1866:
1844:
1822:
1795:
1766:
1739:
1689:
1663:
1635:
1603:
1571:
1529:
1492:
1460:
1421:
1389:
1350:
1318:
1284:
1257:
1227:
1217:
1187:
1165:
1132:
1120:
1094:
1063:
1022:
985:
981:
980:
913:
909:
908:
810:
809:
805:
775:
772:
753:
706:
699:
682:
671:Ashurbanipal
654:
650:
642:divine right
639:
610:
606:
570:
538:
537:
530:
479:
467:Neo-Assyrian
441:Ashur-rabi I
429:
370:
326:
303:Introduction
255:
253:
218:
214:Neo-Assyrian
190:Mesopotamian
169:
167:
83:Ashurbanipal
26:
10500:Mighty King
10446:šar šarrāni
10323:Hittitology
10313:Assyriology
10234:Archaeology
10104:Old Persian
9914:Jemdet Nasr
9539:Sennacherib
9382:Ashur-dan I
9226:Erishum III
9174:Adad-salulu
9168:Ipqi-Ishtar
9145:Ashur-dugul
9072:Shalim-ahum
8974:26 November
8934:18 December
8837:Web sources
8501:(1): 1–29.
7834:: 189–195.
7296:Abr-Nahrain
7177:Radner 2015
7108:Radner 2015
7084:Radner 2015
7021:Radner 2015
7006:Hauser 2017
6994:Hauser 2017
6970:Radner 2019
6958:Radner 2015
6946:Rowton 1951
6938:Radner 2019
6934:Radner 2013
6922:Radner 2019
6858:Dalley 1994
6814:Finkel 2013
6790:Widmer 2019
6786:Radner 2003
6770:Radner 2003
6746:Radner 2012
6722:Radner 2012
6575:Radner 2015
6559:Magill 1998
6555:Radner 2015
6539:Radner 2015
6523:Tucker 2019
6467:Radner 2015
6431:Hagens 2005
6383:Radner 2015
6286:Düring 2020
6266:Hunger 2009
6249:Düring 2020
6013:Poebel 1943
5962:Hunger 2009
5934:Hunger 2009
5837:Düring 2020
5796:Radner 2015
5543:Foster 2016
5422:Reade 1998b
5410:Parker 2011
5365:Soares 2017
5353:Soares 2017
5278:Hagens 2005
5259:Hagens 2005
5211:Rowton 1970
5168:Radner 2015
5114:hagiography
4899:Kidin-Ninua
4625:Rʻuth-Assor
4463:Rʻuth-Assor
4380:Babylonians
4148:Sennacherib
4081:Succession
4049:palace coup
3868:Shammuramat
3853:Adad-nārārī
3655:Adad-nārārī
3126:Ashur-dan I
2902:Adad-nārārī
2599:Enlīl-nāsir
2439:Enlīl-nāsir
2407:Puzur-Aššur
2240:Erishum III
1897:Adad-ṣalulu
1890:Adad-salulu
1868:Ipqi-Ishtar
1775:Aššur-dugul
1768:Ashur-dugul
1547:(Portrait)
1430:Puzur-Aššur
1266:Šallim-aḫḫe
1259:Shalim-ahum
1236:Puzur-Aššur
1200:(Portrait)
1101:Manishtushu
968:Ila-kabkabu
358:Ashur-dan I
192:kingdom of
119:(legendary)
10600:Categories
10552:šar Bābili
10494:šarru rabu
10490:Great King
10466:šar mātāti
10287:Divination
9997:Achaemenid
9962:Isin-Larsa
9855:Trialetian
9850:Mousterian
9837:Prehistory
9544:Esarhaddon
9122:Mut-Ashkur
9107:Erishum II
8954:9 February
8875:2019-11-21
8444:: 135–142.
8329:(2): 5–22.
7713:. Leiden:
7360:3805323107
7193:Beyer 1998
7181:Beyer 1998
7165:Beyer 2013
7149:Beyer 1998
7137:Beyer 1998
6942:Reade 1998
6890:Ahmed 2018
6870:Oates 1992
6818:Ahmed 2018
6794:Fales 2012
6766:Frahm 2014
6762:Elayi 2017
6698:Ahmed 2018
6595:Bauer 2007
6495:Fales 2014
6455:Leick 2010
6418:page 60-61
6129:Reade 2001
6037:Fales 2014
6025:Frahm 2017
5989:Reade 2001
5958:Reade 2001
5946:Reade 2001
5919:Reade 2001
5900:Reade 2001
5849:Kuhrt 1997
5820:Reade 2001
5654:Aubet 2013
5606:Aubet 2013
5290:Hallo 1980
5235:Azize 1998
5132:References
5118:Mar Behnam
5013:Esarhaddon
4936:Esarhaddon
4758:are known.
4632:Rʿūṯʾassor
4521:sequence.
4482:Achaemenid
4371:(15 years)
4335:Prominent
4331:(3 months)
4250:(38 years)
4211:(12 years)
4195:Esarhaddon
4164:(24 years)
4117:(17 years)
4001:(18 years)
3962:(10 years)
3930:(18 years)
3898:(10 years)
3862:(28 years)
3826:Conquered
3815:(13 years)
3806:Šamši-Adad
3776:(35 years)
3729:(25 years)
3664:(21 years)
3630:Succession
3593:(23 years)
3564:(32 years)
3506:(41 years)
3497:Aššur-rabi
3448:(12 years)
3419:(19 years)
3381:Šamši-Adad
3352:Erība-Adad
3332:(18 years)
3274:(39 years)
3238:(18 years)
3145:(46 years)
3113:(13 years)
2985:(37 years)
2946:(30 years)
2914:(32 years)
2882:(12 years)
2850:(10 years)
2813:(36 years)
2771:(27 years)
2759:Erība-Adad
2739:(10 years)
2579:(22 years)
2547:(20 years)
2535:Aššur-rabi
2483:(12 years)
2451:(13 years)
2419:(24 years)
2387:(26 years)
2355:(16 years)
2343:Šamši-Adad
2323:(16 years)
2311:Išme-Dagān
2279:Šamši-Adad
2259:(13 years)
2215:Šarma-Adad
2195:(14 years)
2123:(28 years)
2091:(12 years)
2059:(12 years)
2047:Šarma-Adad
2027:(17 years)
1995:(10 years)
1948:(Portrait)
1875:Ipqi-Ištar
1637:Mut-Ashkur
1624:(11 years)
1612:Išme-Dagān
1592:(33 years)
1580:Šamši-Adad
1494:Erishum II
1410:(40 years)
1371:(14 years)
1339:(40 years)
1144:Vassal of
1121:Ilabaandul
1103:of Akkad (
1099:Vassal of
1077:of Akkad (
1073:Vassal of
743:See also:
696:Legitimacy
690:lion hunts
625:Relief of
555:Esarhaddon
451:See also:
377:Babylonian
331:capitals (
318:terracotta
293:Achaemenid
264:Babylonian
61:Symbol of
10160:Cuneiform
10036:Languages
9845:Acheulean
9732:Babylonia
9669:Euphrates
9619:Geography
9534:Sargon II
9216:Shu-Ninua
9201:Iptar-Sin
9162:Sin-namir
9156:Nasir-Sin
9140:Puzur-Sin
9102:Naram-Sin
9082:Erishum I
9077:Ilu-shuma
8785:199880564
8674:: 66–88.
8571:162308322
8523:161480780
8389:162220863
8307:145597598
8291:0091-7710
8241:163351203
8212:159785150
7856:163327812
7591:162825616
7515:194106498
7493:: 45–58.
7221:609738626
6914:Chen 2020
6830:Chen 2020
6806:Chen 2020
6782:Chen 2020
6758:Chen 2020
6738:Chen 2020
6714:Chen 2020
6690:Chen 2020
6658:Chen 2020
6630:Chen 2020
6611:Chen 2020
6591:Chen 2020
6571:Chen 2020
6551:Chen 2020
6535:Chen 2020
6519:Chen 2020
6491:Chen 2020
6400:Chen 2020
6379:Chen 2020
6367:Chen 2020
6298:Chen 2020
6278:Chen 2020
6245:Chen 2020
6181:Chen 2020
6160:Chen 2020
6144:Chen 2020
6121:Chen 2020
6105:Chen 2020
6089:Chen 2020
6068:Chen 2020
6052:Chen 2020
5885:Chen 2020
5873:Chen 2020
5733:Chen 2020
5710:Chen 2020
5669:Chen 2020
5650:Chen 2020
5621:Lewy 1966
5591:Lewy 1966
5463:Roux 1992
5049:Akhenaten
4802:Ekallatum
4787:. In the
4785:Hammurabi
4669:Nḇūḏayyān
4663:Nbudayyan
4612:Uncertain
4587:Uncertain
4562:Uncertain
4530:Timespan
4414:(3 years)
4324:(usurper)
4286:(4 years)
4108:Šarru-kīn
4101:Sargon II
4072:Portrait
4040:(5 years)
3921:Aššur-dān
3693:(7 years)
3584:Aššur-dān
3535:(5 years)
3477:(6 years)
3390:(4 years)
3361:(2 years)
3303:(2 years)
3133:Aššur-dān
3081:(5 years)
3049:(6 years)
3017:(4 years)
2707:(8 years)
2675:(9 years)
2643:(7 years)
2611:(6 years)
2515:(1 month)
2291:(6 years)
2227:(3 years)
2176:Shu-Ninua
2159:(6 years)
2079:Ibtar-Sîn
2072:Iptar-Sin
1983:Bēlu-bāni
1853:Sîn-nāmir
1846:Sin-namir
1831:Nāṣir-Sîn
1824:Nasir-Sin
1811:Uncertain
1784:(6 years)
1782:Uncertain
1755:Uncertain
1748:Puzur-Sîn
1741:Puzur-Sin
1705:Uncertain
1678:Uncertain
1651:Uncertain
1644:Mut-Aškur
1469:Narām-Sîn
1462:Naram-Sin
1442:(8 years)
1398:Šarru-kīn
1320:Erishum I
1300:Uncertain
1286:Ilu-shuma
1273:Uncertain
1243:Uncertain
1171:Uncertain
992:Ilu-shuma
962:Yazkur-el
757:Erishum I
720:Sargon II
353:eponymous
299:empires.
159:Abolition
151:Formation
10306:Academia
10260:Religion
10129:Urartian
10124:Sumerian
10109:Parthian
10044:Akkadian
10017:Sasanian
10007:Parthian
10002:Seleucid
9952:Simurrum
9942:Akkadian
9875:Khiamian
9865:Natufian
9777:Simurrum
9762:Kassites
9757:Hittites
9712:Adiabene
9186:Bel-bani
9092:Sargon I
8830:: 53–54.
8688:43286072
8654:: 20–35.
8463:43076393
8299:41303323
7819:43076931
7436:23608128
7273:(2013).
7263:10198006
5122:Sinharib
4854:A-sí-nim
4848:a-sí-nim
4836:Asinum).
4687:See also
4490:Parthian
4486:Seleucid
4459:Parthian
3615:Portrait
2183:Šu-Ninua
1976:Bel-bani
1391:Sargon I
1293:Ilu-šūma
1146:Amar-Sin
1069:Akkadian
902:Apiashal
602:Mullissu
598:Sarpanit
566:Bel-bani
533:Assyrian
469:king of
329:Assyrian
297:Parthian
282:and the
182:, later
174:Akkadian
32:King of
10292:Prayers
10277:Deities
10241:Looting
10084:Kassite
10079:Hurrian
10074:Hittite
10064:Elamite
10059:Eblaite
10054:Aramaic
10049:Amorite
9972:Kassite
9947:Gutians
9929:History
9894:Samarra
9890:Hassuna
9860:Zarzian
9782:Subartu
9772:Mitanni
9737:Chaldea
9727:Assyria
9700:Ancient
9261:Nur-ili
9211:Lullaya
8648:Rosetta
8381:3693710
7966:6128352
7848:3642789
7507:4200384
7302:: 1–27.
5056:
5046:pharaoh
5020:
5009:
4943:
4932:
4921:
4885:eponyms
4860:assinnu
4772:eponyms
4756:eponyms
4386:at the
4173:Nineveh
3828:Babylon
3206:1132 BC
3174:1132 BC
2512:1473 BC
2471:Nur-ili
2464:Nur-ili
2140:Lullaya
1153:
1148:of Ur (
1134:Zariqum
1108:
1082:
1052:Period
956:Yakmeni
950:Yakmesi
944:Ilu-Mer
842:Mandaru
837:Harharu
832:Suhlamu
794:
782:Amorite
764:
727:
716:
678:
664:
634:
584:" and "
562:
551:
536:system.
490:Babylon
471:Babylon
425:
414:
403:
373:Hittite
360:of the
341:Nineveh
308:Sources
278:by the
260:Hittite
247:" and "
194:Assyria
106:Details
90:
34:Assyria
10119:Sutean
10094:Median
10089:Luwian
10069:Gutian
9957:Ur III
9870:Nemrik
9807:Cities
9802:Urartu
9752:Hamazi
9747:Gutium
9722:Armani
9674:Tigris
9627:Modern
9206:Bazaya
9191:Libaya
9134:Asinum
9128:Rimush
9087:Ikunum
8914:29 May
8909:Livius
8894:29 May
8889:Livius
8855:29 May
8804:
8783:
8748:
8718:
8686:
8628:
8609:
8588:
8569:
8538:
8521:
8515:545577
8513:
8478:
8461:
8421:
8387:
8379:
8344:
8305:
8297:
8289:
8258:
8239:
8210:
8175:
8154:
8133:
8112:
8080:
8059:
8027:
8006:
7985:
7964:
7938:
7917:
7896:
7873:
7854:
7846:
7817:
7790:
7775:584578
7773:
7763:
7742:
7721:
7696:
7675:
7654:
7631:
7589:
7581:
7546:
7513:
7505:
7474:
7453:
7434:
7399:
7378:
7357:
7338:
7317:
7283:
7261:
7238:
7219:
6207:
4987:years.
4574:Hayyay
4554:Hormez
4548:Hormoz
4542:Hormoz
4533:Notes
4474:Median
4420:Harran
4337:eunuch
4328:626 BC
4078:Reign
3738:Nimrud
2247:Erišum
2104:Bazaya
2015:Libaia
2008:Libaya
1728:Reign
1698:Asīnum
1691:Asinum
1664:Rimush
1553:Reign
1534:šarrum
1501:Erišum
1359:Ikūnum
1352:Ikunum
1327:Erišum
1206:Reign
1166:Silulu
1140:Ur III
1075:Rimush
1034:waklum
1006:Kikkia
1000:Sulili
932:Hayani
926:Samani
897:Ushpia
892:Azarah
857:Didanu
817:Tudiya
594:Marduk
447:Titles
210:Middle
162:609 BC
115:Tudiya
10205:Music
10155:Akitu
10012:Roman
9904:Ubaid
9899:Halaf
9797:Tukri
9792:Sumer
9787:Suhum
9767:Media
9717:Akkad
9180:Adasi
8820:(PDF)
8781:S2CID
8684:JSTOR
8664:(PDF)
8644:(PDF)
8567:S2CID
8519:S2CID
8511:JSTOR
8459:JSTOR
8385:S2CID
8377:JSTOR
8319:(PDF)
8303:S2CID
8295:JSTOR
8237:S2CID
8227:(1).
8208:S2CID
7962:S2CID
7954:(PDF)
7852:S2CID
7844:JSTOR
7815:JSTOR
7587:S2CID
7579:JSTOR
7529:(PDF)
7511:S2CID
7503:JSTOR
7432:JSTOR
7253:[
5103:this.
4732:Ashur
4712:Notes
4605:Ḥannī
4599:Hanni
4527:Name
4500:maryo
4384:Medes
4130:Tabal
4075:Name
3625:Reign
2147:Lulāa
2111:Bāzāa
1958:Reign
1919:Adasi
1912:Adasi
1725:Name
1671:Rimuš
1550:Name
1249:Assur
1203:Name
1095:Azuzu
1064:Ititi
1049:Name
1025:Assur
1011:Akiya
974:Aminu
882:Abazu
877:Nuabu
872:Zuabu
852:Harsu
827:Yangi
822:Adamu
801:Terqa
646:Ashur
574:Ashur
512:Ashur
347:limmy
333:Assur
322:Assur
221:Ashur
198:Assur
63:Ashur
10569:More
10511:More
10473:More
10425:More
10251:Tell
9909:Uruk
9742:Elam
8976:2019
8956:2020
8936:2021
8916:2021
8896:2021
8857:2021
8802:ISBN
8746:ISBN
8716:ISBN
8626:ISBN
8607:ISBN
8586:ISBN
8536:ISBN
8476:ISBN
8419:ISBN
8342:ISBN
8287:ISSN
8256:ISBN
8173:ISBN
8152:ISBN
8131:ISBN
8110:ISBN
8078:ISBN
8057:ISBN
8025:ISBN
8004:ISBN
7983:ISBN
7936:ISBN
7915:ISBN
7894:ISBN
7871:ISBN
7788:ISBN
7771:OCLC
7761:ISBN
7740:ISBN
7719:ISBN
7694:ISBN
7673:ISBN
7652:ISBN
7629:ISBN
7544:ISBN
7487:Iraq
7472:ISBN
7451:ISBN
7397:ISBN
7376:ISBN
7355:ISBN
7336:ISBN
7315:ISBN
7281:ISBN
7259:OCLC
7236:ISBN
7217:OCLC
6205:ISBN
5156:2018
4806:Mari
4551:(or
4536:Ref
4488:and
4472:and
4382:and
4087:Ref
3620:Name
1953:Name
1734:Ref
1559:Ref
1212:Ref
1058:Ref
920:Hale
887:Belu
862:Hana
847:Imsu
686:lion
465:, a
379:and
339:and
295:and
266:and
243:", "
212:and
168:The
10150:Art
9182:(?)
9176:(?)
9170:(?)
9164:(?)
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9136:(?)
9130:(?)
9124:(?)
8773:doi
8676:doi
8672:134
8559:doi
8503:doi
8369:doi
8279:doi
8229:doi
8200:doi
7836:doi
7614:106
7603:Adê
7571:doi
7495:doi
7424:doi
5116:of
3640:Ref
1968:Ref
990:to
507:šar
236:šar
206:Old
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