53:
39:
1782:
1792:
193:-like material. It consists of dark red angular fragments, rarely larger than a pea. Of the small angular glistening fragments, the smaller are reddish, and the larger are almost black; thin pieces are ruby red. It is brittle and easily powdered. It has no smell, but a very astringent taste.
309:
280:. It ceased being used as a gargle when antiseptics became recognized as the rational treatment for sore throat. A medicinal tincture of kino was used as a gargle for the relaxation of the
276:, its value being due to the relative insolubility of kinotannic acid, which enabled it to affect the lower part of the intestine. In this respect it is similar to
635:
287:
As they are usually soluble in water, kinos found use in traditional remedies: Eucalyptus kino is used by
Aboriginal Australians in a tea for treating colds.
699:
321:
Paolo
Cabrita (2019). "Holocrine Secretion and Kino Flow in Angiosperms: Their Role and Physiological Advantages in Plant Defence Mechanisms".
1796:
488:
290:
Kino was employed to a considerable extent in the East Indies as a cotton dye, giving to the cotton the yellowish-brown color known as
692:
154:
1823:
597:
513:
421:
384:
1833:
1785:
685:
272:
Kino is not absorbed at all from the stomach and only very slowly from the intestine. The drug was frequently used in
445:
111:
species are commonly referred to as 'bloodwoods', as the kino usually oozes out a very dark red colour. Kino flow in
1209:
570:
99:, in reaction to mechanical damage, and which can be tapped by incisions made in the trunk or stalk. Many
202:
1596:
17:
891:
618:
201:
Kinos are used in medicine, tanning, and as dyes. Kino was introduced to
European medicine in 1757 by
708:
537:
224:
456:
349:
251:
1316:
864:
269:, or seaside grape. It is possible that the same plant is the source of the South American kino.
245:
186:
1742:
1199:
669:
371:, Reference Series in Phytochemistry, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–28,
1828:
1818:
1687:
1353:
1251:
834:
336:
233:
215:
164:
residue which is soluble in boiling water but deposited again upon cooling. It is soluble in
123:
is of Indian origin. In
Australia, "red gum" is a term for kino from bloodwood trees and red
32:
28:
1423:
1281:
1271:
1256:
1051:
1046:
1041:
814:
663:
564:
363:
Cabrita, Paulo (2019), Ramawat, Kishan Gopal; Ekiert, Halina Maria; Goyal, Shaily (eds.),
189:, but hardens in a few hours after exposure to the air and sun. Kinos typically dry to an
8:
1066:
1036:
1026:
364:
44:
1363:
1015:
559:
390:
322:
612:
531:
1398:
1286:
1266:
1010:
955:
593:
509:
441:
417:
394:
380:
265:
482:
1757:
1747:
1732:
1358:
1179:
995:
965:
945:
901:
779:
372:
112:
376:
145:
compounds are a major active component of kinos. The chief constituent of kino is
52:
1697:
1618:
1383:
1295:
1135:
977:
896:
146:
1762:
1728:
1601:
1560:
1328:
1231:
1056:
1000:
960:
950:
940:
854:
741:
716:
239:
206:
930:
913:
1812:
1737:
1493:
1438:
1194:
1163:
990:
985:
886:
829:
677:
477:
205:. When described by him, it was believed to have been brought from the river
176:
124:
219:. In the early 20th century, the drug recognized as the legitimate kind was
1767:
1752:
1591:
1513:
1403:
1348:
1343:
1311:
1301:
1246:
1221:
1204:
1110:
1005:
231:
kino which is the evaporated juice obtained from incisions in the trunk of
228:
183:
129:
64:
38:
1702:
1643:
1533:
1528:
1503:
1486:
1476:
1467:
1333:
1184:
1079:
819:
256:
237:. In addition to kinos from these two species, Bengal or Butea kino from
150:
95:
42:
Copious flow of kino from a wound near the base of the trunk of a marri (
1613:
1608:
1565:
1548:
1538:
1508:
1498:
1448:
1338:
1226:
1115:
935:
881:
844:
799:
794:
784:
758:
734:
636:
Kino (East Indian, Malabar, Madras, Or Cochin Kino) on chestofbooks.com
220:
169:
161:
149:, of which it contains 70 to 80 per cent. It also contains kino red, a
89:
1638:
662:
1692:
1543:
1413:
1388:
1276:
1261:
1241:
1100:
1031:
1021:
918:
908:
839:
824:
789:
273:
116:
77:
68:
530:
1433:
1306:
1291:
1189:
1145:
1130:
1120:
1105:
1095:
849:
774:
327:
83:
72:
209:
in West Africa, and when first imported it was sold in
England as
1675:
1670:
1660:
1633:
1553:
1453:
1418:
1408:
1393:
1150:
1061:
925:
804:
563:
291:
277:
260:
165:
1718:
1680:
1665:
1628:
1586:
1581:
1481:
1236:
1140:
809:
769:
369:
172:
142:
1648:
1523:
1443:
1428:
1375:
1125:
1084:
876:
754:
729:
611:
281:
190:
160:
In cold water it is only partially dissolved, leaving a pale
153:
produced from kinotannic acid by oxidation. Kino also yields
649:
Plant Resins: Chemistry, Evolution, Ecology, and
Ethnobotany
1655:
1623:
868:
481:
1463:
1168:
724:
67:
produced by various trees and other plants, particularly
243:
and
Australian, Botany Bay, or Eucalyptus kino from
284:; it contained kino, glycerin, alcohol, and water.
541:. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
440:, Oxford University Press, Second Edition, 1996,
56:Kino sap solidified inside damaged eucalyptus log
1810:
31:. For the Indian kino tree or Malabar kino, see
610:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
558:
707:
508:, by Philip A. Clarke, Rosenberg, 2007, 2011,
693:
320:
492:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
310:A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus
196:
700:
686:
609:
562:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
524:
522:
255:, were imported into the United States. A
436:Edited by Pearsall, J., and Trumble, B.,
326:
182:When exuding from the tree, it resembles
528:
501:
499:
476:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
51:
37:
590:Gums, Resins, Tannin and Essential Oils
519:
438:The Oxford English Reference Dictionary
362:
14:
1811:
554:
552:
550:
548:
432:
430:
263:kino is believed to be the product of
681:
574:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
496:
461:
1791:
545:
427:
157:, a crystalline neutral principle.
24:
641:
529:Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921).
506:Aboriginal People and Their Plants
25:
1845:
655:
211:Gummi rubrum astringens gambiense
1790:
1781:
1780:
457:Kino on www.henriettesherbal.com
603:
578:
27:For the African kino tree, see
586:Medicinal Plants in Australia.
571:New International Encyclopedia
450:
406:
356:
314:
303:
136:
13:
1:
629:
377:10.1007/978-3-030-11253-0_5-1
115:contrasts with resin flow in
1824:Traditional African medicine
414:Heartwood and Tree Exudates.
7:
10:
1850:
1834:Non-timber forest products
709:Non-timber forest products
538:Collier's New Encyclopedia
26:
1776:
1711:
1574:
1462:
1374:
1159:
1075:
976:
863:
750:
715:
424:(Reprint), p. 44 f, 50 f.
365:"A Model for Resin Flow"
297:
252:Eucalyptus camaldulensis
197:Applications and sources
619:The American Cyclopædia
489:Encyclopædia Britannica
246:Eucalyptus siderophloia
213:. It was obtained from
1723:(Iberian agroforestry)
961:Pacific mountain onion
670:Encyclopedia Americana
344:Cite journal requires
57:
49:
1743:Indian forest produce
1214:Hydnocarpus wightiana
234:Pterocarpus marsupium
216:Pterocarpus erinaceus
55:
41:
33:Pterocarpus marsupium
29:Pterocarpus erinaceus
986:Bare-toothed russula
647:Jean H. Langenheim.
1597:musical instruments
855:Woodland strawberry
592:, Rosenberg, 2011,
45:Corymbia calophylla
664:"Kino (gum)"
58:
50:
1806:
1805:
598:978-1-8770-5894-3
514:978-1-921719-05-9
422:978-3-642-72536-4
386:978-3-030-11253-0
266:Coccoloba uvifera
16:(Redirected from
1841:
1794:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1758:Resin extraction
1748:Mushroom hunting
1724:
1470: / etc.
1324:
1217:
1052:Saffron milk cap
1042:Parasol mushroom
882:Fiddlehead ferns
702:
695:
688:
679:
678:
674:
666:
624:
623:
615:
607:
601:
582:
576:
575:
567:
556:
543:
542:
534:
526:
517:
503:
494:
493:
485:
474:
459:
454:
448:
434:
425:
416:Springer, 1987,
410:
404:
403:
402:
401:
360:
354:
353:
347:
342:
340:
332:
330:
318:
312:
307:
21:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1772:
1722:
1707:
1698:Vegetable ivory
1570:
1458:
1370:
1318:
1211:
1173:
1155:
1089:
1071:
1037:Oyster mushroom
1027:Meadow mushroom
972:
956:Twincrest onion
859:
763:
746:
717:Animal products
711:
706:
661:
658:
644:
642:Further reading
632:
627:
608:
604:
583:
579:
557:
546:
527:
520:
504:
497:
475:
462:
455:
451:
435:
428:
411:
407:
399:
397:
387:
361:
357:
345:
343:
334:
333:
319:
315:
308:
304:
300:
203:John Fothergill
199:
147:kinotannic acid
139:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1847:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1763:Rubber tapping
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:Forest farming
1726:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1365:Vateria indica
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:Shorea robusta
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:Honey mushroom
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
933:
928:
923:
922:
921:
916:
906:
905:
904:
894:
892:Mahuwa flowers
889:
884:
879:
873:
871:
861:
860:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
764:
762:
761:
751:
748:
747:
745:
744:
739:
738:
737:
727:
721:
719:
713:
712:
705:
704:
697:
690:
682:
676:
675:
657:
656:External links
654:
653:
652:
643:
640:
639:
638:
631:
628:
626:
625:
602:
584:Williams Ch.:
577:
544:
518:
495:
480:, ed. (1911).
478:Chisholm, Hugh
460:
449:
426:
405:
385:
355:
346:|journal=
313:
301:
299:
296:
240:Butea frondosa
198:
195:
138:
135:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1846:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Honey hunting
1736:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Coconut sugar
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:Yellow knight
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Slippery jack
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
975:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
903:
900:
899:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Heart of palm
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
870:
866:
865:Edible plants
862:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Juniper berry
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
760:
756:
753:
752:
749:
743:
740:
736:
733:
732:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
718:
714:
710:
703:
698:
696:
691:
689:
684:
683:
680:
672:
671:
665:
660:
659:
650:
646:
645:
637:
634:
633:
621:
620:
614:
606:
599:
595:
591:
587:
581:
573:
572:
566:
561:
560:Gilman, D. C.
555:
553:
551:
549:
540:
539:
533:
525:
523:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
491:
490:
484:
479:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
458:
453:
447:
446:0-19-860046-1
443:
439:
433:
431:
423:
419:
415:
412:Hillis W.E.:
409:
396:
392:
388:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
351:
338:
329:
324:
317:
311:
306:
302:
295:
293:
288:
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
253:
248:
247:
242:
241:
236:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
204:
194:
192:
188:
185:
180:
178:
175:, but not in
174:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
134:
132:
131:
126:
125:acaroid resin
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:
92:
91:
86:
85:
80:
79:
74:
70:
66:
65:botanical gum
62:
54:
47:
46:
40:
34:
30:
19:
1829:Tree tapping
1819:Natural gums
1795:
1768:Wildcrafting
1753:Naval stores
1731: /
1719:
1688:Tendu leaves
1644:Natural dyes
1518:
1514:Gutta-percha
1466: /
1404:Frankincense
1364:
1320:
1277:Mango butter
1222:Cocoa butter
1213:
1210:Chaulmoogra
1180:Allanblackia
1111:Black pepper
996:Birch bolete
946:Canada onion
931:Wild ginseng
926:Saw palmetto
867: /
757: /
668:
648:
617:
613:"Kino"
605:
589:
585:
580:
569:
565:"Kino"
536:
532:"Kino"
505:
487:
483:"Kino"
452:
437:
413:
408:
398:, retrieved
368:
358:
337:cite journal
316:
305:
289:
286:
271:
264:
250:
244:
238:
232:
214:
210:
200:
181:
159:
140:
130:Xanthorrhoea
128:
120:
108:
104:
100:
94:
88:
82:
76:
60:
59:
43:
1703:Willow bark
1534:Maple syrup
1529:Maple sugar
1504:Fruit syrup
1487:chewing gum
1477:Birch syrup
1334:Shea butter
1006:Chanterelle
951:Crow garlic
941:Bear garlic
936:Wild onions
914:filé powder
835:Lingonberry
820:Huckleberry
600:, p. 75–78.
257:West Indian
221:East Indian
184:red-currant
151:phlobaphene
141:Astringent
137:Composition
119:. The word
113:angiosperms
96:Pterocarpus
71:species of
1813:Categories
1614:Birch beer
1609:Birch bark
1566:Spruce gum
1549:akpeteshie
1539:Palm sugar
1509:Gum arabic
1499:Date sugar
1449:Turpentine
1329:Sandalwood
1232:Eucalyptus
1227:Eucalyptol
1116:Brazil nut
991:Bay bolete
845:Strawberry
800:Cocoa bean
795:Breadfruit
785:Blackberry
759:tree fruit
630:References
588:Volume 2:
400:2020-12-06
328:1902.09308
162:flocculent
101:Eucalyptus
90:Eucalyptus
18:Kino (gum)
1733:gardening
1693:Thatching
1544:Palm wine
1389:Birch tar
1317:Sal-seed
1242:Japan wax
1195:Candlenut
1136:Malva nut
1101:Areca nut
1022:Matsutake
978:Mushrooms
919:root beer
909:Sassafras
897:Sago palm
840:Raspberry
825:Jackfruit
790:Blueberry
742:Wild game
516:, p. 104.
395:213433682
274:diarrhoea
105:Angophora
78:Angophora
73:eucalypts
69:bloodwood
1786:Category
1602:textiles
1434:Pine tar
1399:Creosote
1349:Tea-tree
1344:Tea-seed
1312:Pongamia
1302:Phulwara
1287:Nagkesar
1282:Murumuru
1257:Kpangnan
1205:Carnauba
1146:Pine nut
1131:Hazelnut
1121:Cinnamon
1106:Bay leaf
1096:Allspice
1018:(reishi)
850:Tamarind
815:Gambooge
775:Bilberry
117:conifers
109:Corymbia
84:Corymbia
1797:Commons
1712:Related
1676:Tanbark
1671:Shellac
1661:Quinine
1634:Gambier
1554:ogogoro
1454:Varnish
1419:Lacquer
1409:Gamboge
1394:Camphor
1384:Benzoin
1294: (
1200:Capuacu
1185:Babassu
1151:Vanilla
1062:Truffle
1047:Red cap
1016:Lingzhi
805:Coconut
780:Binukaw
755:Berries
673:. 1920.
651:(2003).
292:nankeen
278:catechu
261:Jamaica
229:Amboyna
225:Malabar
173:alkalis
170:caustic
166:alcohol
1720:Dehesa
1681:tannin
1666:Rattan
1629:Forage
1592:edible
1587:Bamboo
1582:Amadou
1561:Rubber
1482:Chicle
1424:Mastic
1376:Resins
1359:Ucuuba
1354:Tucuma
1339:Tamanu
1296:kernel
1267:Mafura
1237:Illipe
1190:Bacuri
1141:Nutmeg
1085:spices
810:Durian
770:Banana
596:
512:
444:
420:
393:
383:
207:Gambia
155:kinoin
143:tannin
93:) and
1649:henna
1624:Ferns
1575:Other
1524:Latex
1444:Rosin
1439:Pitch
1429:Myrrh
1414:Kauri
1272:Mahua
1262:Kusum
1252:Kombo
1247:Kokum
1169:waxes
1126:Clove
1032:Morel
966:Ramps
902:queen
877:Betel
869:roots
730:Honey
391:S2CID
323:arXiv
298:Notes
282:uvula
191:amber
187:jelly
177:ether
133:spp.
127:from
63:is a
1656:Peat
1639:Moss
1619:Cork
1519:Kino
1307:Pilu
1292:Palm
1080:Nuts
735:pine
725:Furs
594:ISBN
510:ISBN
442:ISBN
418:ISBN
381:ISBN
350:help
249:and
168:and
121:kino
107:and
61:Kino
1468:gum
1464:Sap
1164:Oil
1001:Cep
373:doi
259:or
227:or
1815::
667:.
616:.
568:.
547:^
535:.
521:^
498:^
486:.
463:^
429:^
389:,
379:,
367:,
341::
339:}}
335:{{
294:.
223:,
179:.
103:,
87:,
81:,
1323:)
1319:(
1298:)
1216:)
1212:(
701:e
694:t
687:v
622:.
375::
352:)
348:(
331:.
325::
75:(
48:)
35:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
